297:
413:
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news of the damage and disruption caused by butterfly bombs in order to avoid encouraging continued use by the
Germans. On October 28, 1940, some butterfly bombs that had failed to arm themselves properly were discovered in Ipswich by British Army ordnance technicians Sergeant Cann and 2nd Lieutenant Taylor. By screwing the arming rods back into the fuzes (i.e. the unarmed position) they were able to recover safe examples of the new weapon system to allow the British to reverse-engineer and understand the mechanism.
125:(connected to the fuze) counterclockwise as the bomblet fell. After the spindle had revolved approximately 10 times (partially unscrewing itself from the bomb) it released a spring-loaded pin inside the fuze, which fully armed the SD 2 bomb. The wings and arming spindle remained attached to the bomb after the fuze had armed itself, as the bomb descended towards the ground. Butterfly bombs contained the kleine ZĂĽndladung 34 (kl. Zdlg. 34/Np with a blasting cap and 7 grams of
348:
360:
336:
324:
309:
133:) explosive. The fragmentation density produced by an SD 2 was 1 fragment per m in 8 meters radius from a ground burst SD 2 bomb; overall, the body of an SD 2 did produce about 250 fragments with a mass of over 1 gram and a still greater number of lighter fragments. The fragments were generally lethal to anyone within a radius of 10 metres (33 ft) and could inflict serious
91:. It was so named because the thin cylindrical metal outer shell which hinged open when the bomblet deployed gave it the superficial appearance of a large butterfly. The design was very distinctive and easy to recognise. SD 2 bomblets were not dropped individually, but were packed into containers holding between 6 and 108 submunitions e.g. the
198:
Not all unexploded SD 2 butterfly bombs still have their wings attached. In some cases the wings have rusted away and fallen off. The SD 2 then resembles a rusty tin can with an aluminium disc (the fuze) in its side, sometimes with a short stub projecting from it. Regardless of age and condition, all
223:
in June 1943, amongst various other targets in the United
Kingdom. Lieutenant Colonel Eric Wakeling led the clearance of the unexploded ordnance in Grimsby within the Royal Engineers. They were subsequently used against Allied forces in the Middle East. The British Government deliberately suppressed
99:
submunition dispensers. The SD 2 submunitions were released after the container was released from the aircraft and had burst open. Because SD 2s were always dropped in groups (never individually) the discovery of one unexploded SD 2 was a reliable indication that others had been dropped nearby. This
284:
On the island of Malta in 1981 Paul Gauci, a 41-year-old
Maltese man, died after welding a butterfly bomb to a metal pipe and using it as a mallet, thinking it was a harmless can. The latest find of such a bomb was on 28 October 2009, by an 11-year-old boy in a secluded valley close to a heavily
177:
Butterfly bombs in a submunitions container could have a mixture of different fuzes fitted to increase disruption to the target. Additionally, when a single fuze type with two operating functions was fitted (e.g. type 41), bombs in a submunitions container could have either or both possible fuze
152:
the bomb in the air, approximately 5 seconds after being armed. The "AZ" (AufschlagzĂĽnder - impact) setting triggers detonation when the bomb hits the ground. The fuze is armed if 4 screw threads at the base of the arming spindle are visible. This fuze is highly sensitive to disturbance if the
124:
screwed into the fuze pocket in the side of the bomblet. The outer shell was hinged and would flip open as two half-cylinders when it was dropped. Additionally, spring-loaded wings at the ends would flip out. The wings at the end were canted at an angle to the airflow, which turned the spindle
266:. Because of Hitler's interference, these jet-powered fighters were pressed into service as a Jabo (JagdBomber, fighter-bomber), a role for which they were poorly suited. Notably, Me 262s were sent on nuisance raids against Eindhoven in early October, loaded with AB 250 bomblet dispensers.
235:(10 kg submunitions) on key Soviet airfields, a flight of three aircraft being assigned to each field. The purpose of these early attacks was to cause disruption and confusion as well as to preclude dispersion of Soviet planes until the main attack was launched. It was reported that
50:
38:
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settings selected by the
Luftwaffe ground crew. Fuze variants such as the 41A, 41B, 70B1, 70B2, etc., also existed. These variants were inserted into the fuze pocket via a bayonet fitting (the fuze was held in place via two steel clips) but otherwise functioned identically.
159:– clockwork time delay. Time of detonation can be set between 5 and 30 minutes after arming itself in the air. This fuze also has an external selector switch for impact detonation. The particular switch setting of any type 67 fuze is clearly visible on its exterior.
378:
The United States manufactured a copy of the SD 2 for use during World War II, the Korean War and
Vietnam War, designating it the M83 submunition. The 3 fuze types used on the M83 submunition were slightly modified versions of the original German designs:
242:
Luftwaffe monthly consumption of the SD 2 increased from 289,000 examples in the summer of 1941 to 436,000 in July 1943 and 520,000 in August 1943. This increase was nowhere near high enough to match the
Luftwaffe senior leadership's demands.
189:
for any unexploded SD 2 butterfly bomb was to evacuate the area for at least 30 minutes (in case the bomblet was fitted with a type 67 time delay fuze), then surround it with a ring of sandbags (to contain the explosion) and destroy it
137:
injuries (e.g. deep penetrating eye wounds) as far away as 100 metres (330 ft). Butterfly bombs were usually painted either straw yellow (desert camouflage), or, if fitted with the DoppZ (41) or (41) A fuze, dark green or grey.
194:
by detonating a small explosive charge beside it. Other solutions were to attach a long string to the bomb and tug on it after taking cover, or for bombs in open countryside, shooting at them with a rifle from a safe distance.
386:- airburst or impact fuze. Airburst detonation occurred 2.5 seconds after arming. Detonation on impact was instantaneous. The fuze setting is clearly marked on the exterior and was selectable by ground crew
296:
269:
The last recorded UK death from a German butterfly bomb in
England occurred on November 27, 1956, over 11 years after the end of the war: Flight Lieutenant Herbert Derrington of the
392:- clockwork time fuze with time delays ranging from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes. Has no markings, but is recognisable by the square-shaped fitting for the arming spindle
398:- anti-disturbance fuze. Detonation triggered when the device was disturbed. Has no markings, but is recognisable by the pentagonal-shaped fitting for the arming spindle
104:
ever used in combat and it proved to be a highly effective weapon. The bomb containers that carried the SD 2 bomblets and released them in the air were nicknamed the "
185:. This was because SD 2 fuzes were deliberately designed to be extremely difficult and dangerous to render safe once they had armed themselves. Instead, the standard
412:
173:) will trigger detonation if the bomb is moved after impact with the ground. The fuze is armed if 3 screw threads at the base of the arming spindle are visible.
623:
436:
794:
120:, which was slightly larger in diameter before its wings deployed. A steel cable 121 mm (4.8 in) long was attached via a spindle to an aluminium
1522:
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569:
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selector switch is set to "Zeit" and the bomb is unexploded. The particular switch setting of any type 41 fuze is clearly visible on its exterior.
141:
Butterfly bombs could be fitted with any one of three fuzes, which were made of aluminium and stamped with the model type surrounded by a circle:
1512:
1252:
1247:
1242:
277:, where explosive ordnance disposal experimental and research work took place) when it detonated. He died of shrapnel and blast injuries at
181:
As with more modern cluster bombs, it was not considered practical to disarm butterfly bombs which had fully armed themselves but failed to
1282:
478:
1363:
1287:
1262:
1199:
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1189:
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231:, the German invasion of the Soviet Union which began on 22 June 1941. Twenty to thirty aircrews had been picked to drop SD 2s and
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735:
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780:
424:
751:
912:
834:
687:
853:
631:
1507:
805:
27:
885:
302:
Photo of an SD 2 from Civil
Defence Training Pamphlet No 2: Objects Dropped From The Air (3rd Edition).
239:
lost 15 aircraft due to accidents with the SD 2s - nearly half of the total
Luftwaffe losses that day.
548:
1116:
359:
347:
134:
335:
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874:
129:) booster and the main explosive filling consisting of 225 grams of cast FĂĽllpulver 60/40 (
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323:
262:
F/G series, but in practice, they could be lifted by a wide variety of aircraft, including the
273:
was examining an SD 2 at the "Upminster bomb cemetery" (some remote sandpits situated East of
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1041:
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890:
308:
250:
bomblet dispenser could carry 144 SD 2 anti-personnel submunitions, or 30 of the anti-armor
1214:
700:
263:
228:
166:
1096:
682:
Forsyth, Robert (2012). Me 262 Bomber and
Reconnaissance Units. Osprey Publishing. pp 31.
148:– has an external selector switch with two settings. The "Zeit" (time) setting will
8:
285:
bombarded airfield. This bomb was safely detonated on-site by the Armed Forces of Malta.
550:
BBC Interview: German Cluster Bombing of Civilians During WW2. James I. Rogers June 2013
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unexploded SD 2s remain highly sensitive to disturbance and can easily detonate.
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The 4-pound (1.8 kg) M83 fragmentation bomblet was used in the US M28 and
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20:
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479:"Remembering the terror the Luftwaffe's butterfly bombs brought to the North"
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31:
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US M83 cluster bomb with wings closed. The fuze has not yet armed itself
116:
The SD 2 submunition was a 76-millimetre (3.0 in) long cylinder of
1383:
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170:
1484:
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612:
Jappy, M.J. Danger UXB (London: MacMillan Publishers), 2001, page 158
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895:, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department, Washington D.C., 1944.
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could carry 108 SD 2s. AB 250s were most frequently carried by the
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500 lb M29 cluster bomb with ninety M83 submunitions inside it
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The Butterfly Bombing of Grimsby, Untold History on History Hit TV
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at the base of arming spindle are visible: fuze is now armed
570:"War hero served with real honour, bravery and distinction"
126:
121:
42:
26:"Devil's Eggs" redirects here. For the nature reserve, see
881:
British Government public warning about the Butterfly Bomb
1064:
270:
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75:) was a German 2-kilogram (4.4 lb) anti-personnel
652:
Price, Dr Alfred (Autumn 2003). "Pre-Emptive Strike".
624:"A Lesson of History: The Luftwaffe and Barbarossa"
1499:
870:Description of the M83, a US copy of this design
622:Ratley III, Major Lonnie O. (March–April 1983).
752:"Selected Incidents.......2|The Butterfly Bomb"
920:
775:
773:
781:"Boy Finds Lethal WWII Bomb in Qormi Valley"
513:, Key Publishing, No. 359, June 2001, p. 70
509:"Operation Barbarossa", Jonathan Garraway,
1523:Military equipment introduced in the 1940s
927:
913:
770:
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593:
227:The SD 2 saw use in the opening stages of
824:
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53:SD 2 - Open: wings have flipped open and
430:US M83 cluster bomb with wings deployed.
207:Butterfly bombs were first used against
48:
36:
723:
1500:
594:Williamson, Mitch (October 20, 2018).
476:
908:
843:
651:
1513:World War II aerial bombs of Germany
108:" by Luftwaffe air and ground crew.
13:
875:Additional photo of butterfly bomb
827:German Air-Dropped Weapons to 1945
783:. Times of Malta. 29 October 2009.
211:in 1940, but were also dropped on
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68:Sprengbombe Dickwandig 2 kg
818:
804:via uxoinfo.com. Archived from
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693:
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477:Rogers, James I. (2013-06-21).
353:AB 250-1 submunition dispenser.
100:bomb type was one of the first
727:Bomb Disposal in World War Two
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615:
606:
587:
562:
541:
516:
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341:AB 70-3 submunition dispenser.
111:
1:
935:German aerial weapons of the
724:Ransted, Chris (2018-01-30).
459:
329:AB 24T submunition dispenser.
30:. For the culinary dish, see
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7:
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10:
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25:
18:
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1296:
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254:submunitions. While the
848:. MacMillan Publishers.
524:"Butterfly Bombs terror"
19:Not to be confused with
1435:Blohm & Voss BV 950
1430:Blohm & Voss BV 246
1425:Blohm & Voss BV 143
1508:Anti-personnel weapons
825:Fleischer, W. (2004).
368:submunition dispenser.
317:submunition dispenser.
202:
58:
46:
1025:Anti-tank autocannons
628:Air University Review
187:render safe procedure
52:
40:
1418:Experimental weapons
1351:High-explosive bombs
1215:Armor-piercing bombs
1117:Anti-personnel bombs
844:Jappy, M.J. (2001).
795:"NAVORD OCL AV14-44"
596:"SD 2 Schmetterling"
229:Operation Barbarossa
167:anti-handling device
600:Weapons and Warfare
891:"Butterfly Bomb",
802:United States Navy
701:"AFM Results Page"
279:Oldchurch Hospital
237:Kampfgeschwader 51
213:Kingston upon Hull
59:
47:
1495:
1494:
1070:Werfer-Granate 21
737:978-1-5267-1567-8
730:. Pen and Sword.
574:Grimsby Telegraph
528:Grimsby Telegraph
404:M29 cluster bombs
260:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
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1052:Unguided rockets
937:Second World War
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758:on March 4, 2012
754:. Archived from
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654:Air Power Review
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41:SD 2 - Closed:
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811:on 2011-07-17.
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83:) used by the
63:Butterfly Bomb
21:Butterfly Mine
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634:on 2014-09-25
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16:German weapon
1518:Submunitions
1134:
1080:Guided bombs
945:Machine guns
892:
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819:Bibliography
806:the original
789:
760:. Retrieved
756:the original
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708:. Retrieved
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483:The Guardian
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1483: [
1060:Panzerblitz
978:Autocannons
893:Booby Traps
829:. Midland.
221:Cleethorpes
112:Description
87:during the
77:submunition
32:deviled egg
28:Devil's Egg
1502:Categories
1283:SD 4/HL RS
1253:PC 1800 Rs
1248:PC 1000 Rs
846:Danger UXB
710:2020-06-13
638:2008-08-23
580:2017-02-09
556:2017-02-09
534:2017-02-09
496:2017-02-09
460:References
171:booby trap
127:Nitropenta
1450:Jagdfaust
1331:AB 500-3A
1326:AB 500-1B
1243:PC 500 Rs
1145:SD 10 FRZ
491:0261-3077
465:Citations
118:cast iron
95:SD 2 and
85:Luftwaffe
1336:AB 70-D1
1321:AB 500-1
1316:AB 250-3
1311:AB 250-2
1273:SC 10 DW
1130:SD 1 FRZ
1084:missiles
511:Fly Past
448:See also
366:AB 250-3
256:AB 250-3
248:AB 250-2
183:detonate
165:–
150:detonate
97:AB 250-3
1465:MK 214A
1409:SC 2500
1404:SC 2000
1399:SC 1800
1394:SC 1200
1389:SC 1000
1369:SB 2500
1364:SB 1800
1359:SB 1000
1288:SD 9/HL
1278:SD 4 HL
1263:PD 1000
1238:PC 1600
1233:PC 1400
1228:PC 1000
1205:SD 1700
1200:SD 1400
1195:SD 500E
1190:SD 500A
1175:SBe 250
1150:SD 10 C
1140:SD 10 A
1097:Hs 117H
1092:Fritz X
1011:MK 214A
886:YouTube
762:May 14,
374:US copy
289:Gallery
217:Grimsby
209:Ipswich
192:in situ
163:70 fuze
157:67 fuze
146:41 fuze
81:bomblet
1480:SG 116
1470:MK 115
1460:MK 112
1455:MG 213
1384:SC 500
1379:SC 250
1341:BDC 10
1258:PD 500
1223:PC 500
1185:SD 500
1180:SD 250
1160:SBe 50
1102:Hs 293
1042:BK 7.5
1032:BK 3.7
1006:MK 108
1001:MK 103
996:MK 101
991:MG 151
968:MG 131
852:
833:
734:
686:
489:
396:M131A1
390:M130A1
384:M128A1
264:Me 262
169:(i.e.
131:Amatol
1487:]
1374:SC 50
1306:AB 23
1268:SC 10
1170:SD 70
1165:SD 50
1155:SD 15
986:MG FF
958:MG 17
953:MG 15
809:(PDF)
798:(PDF)
315:AB 23
233:SD10s
93:AB 23
1135:SD 2
1125:SD 1
1082:and
1037:BK 5
850:ISBN
831:ISBN
764:2012
732:ISBN
684:ISBN
660:(3).
487:ISSN
252:SD-4
246:The
219:and
122:fuze
79:(or
73:SD 2
65:(or
61:The
43:fuze
1065:R4M
884:on
271:RAF
203:Use
71:or
1504::
1485:de
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928:e
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