897:
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1188:
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858:
969:
1051:
957:
1158:
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985:
811:
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257:
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environmental conditions which the bomb/missile warhead would actually experience when dropped or fired. Furthermore, these events must occur in the correct order. As an additional safety precaution, most modern nuclear weapons utilize a timed two point detonation system such that ONLY a precisely firing of both detonators in sequence will result in the correct conditions to cause a fission reaction
739:
349:
477:, electronic or chemical delay mechanism), or have some form of arming pin or plug removed. Only when these processes have occurred will the arming process of the series time fuze be complete. Mines often have a parallel time fuze to detonate and destroy the mine after a pre-determined period to minimize casualties after the anticipated duration of hostilities. Detonation of modern
539:
fuzes, which will not initiate the explosive train so long as the pin is kept in the grenade, or the safety lever is held down on a pinless grenade. Alternatively, it can be as complex as the electronic timer-countdown on an influence sea mine, which gives the vessel laying it sufficient time to move
407:
designed specifically to kill or severely injure anyone who tampers with the munition in some way e.g. lifting or tilting it. Regardless of the sensor used, the pre-set triggering distance is calculated such that the explosion will occur sufficiently close to the target that it is either destroyed or
326:
Impact, percussion or contact fuzes detonate when their forward motion rapidly decreases, typically on physically striking an object such as the target. The detonation may be instantaneous or deliberately delayed to occur a preset fraction of a second after penetration of the target. An instantaneous
629:
protection, the fuzing used in nuclear weapons features multiple, highly sophisticated environmental sensors e.g. sensors requiring highly specific acceleration and deceleration profiles before the warhead can be fully armed. The intensity and duration of the acceleration/deceleration must match the
283:
By the 19th century devices more recognisable as modern artillery "fuzes" were being made of carefully selected wood and trimmed to burn for a predictable time after firing. These were still typically fired from smoothbore muzzle-loaders with a relatively large gap between the shell and barrel, and
279:
Early artillery time fuzes were nothing more than a hole filled with gunpowder leading from the surface to the centre of the projectile. The flame from the burning of the gunpowder propellant ignited this "fuze" on firing, and burned through to the centre during flight, then igniting or exploding
207:
are tailored to function in the special circumstances of artillery projectiles. The relevant factors are the projectile's initial rapid acceleration, high velocity and usually rapid rotation, which affect both safety and arming requirements and options, and the target may be moving or stationary.
80:
under specified conditions. In addition, a fuze will have safety and arming mechanisms that protect users from premature or accidental detonation. For example, an artillery fuze's battery is activated by the high acceleration of cannon launch, and the fuze must be spinning rapidly before it will
296:
artillery. Rifled guns introduced a tight fit between shell and barrel and hence could no longer rely on the flame from the propellant to initiate the timer. The new metal fuzes typically use the shock of firing ("setback") and/or the projectiles's rotation to "arm" the fuze and initiate the
472:
usually has an impact (PIBD) fuze in parallel with a 4.5 second time fuze, so detonation should occur on impact, but otherwise takes place after 4.5 seconds. Military weapons containing explosives have fuzing systems including a series time fuze to ensure that they do not initiate (explode)
502:
222:
fuze are defined by the projectile's small size and slow delivery over a short distance. This necessitates manual arming before throwing as the grenade has insufficient initial acceleration for arming to be driven by "setback" and no rotation to drive arming by centrifugal
543:
In modern artillery shells, most fuzes incorporate several safety features to prevent a fuze arming before it leaves the gun barrel. These safety features may include arming on "setback" or by centrifugal force, and often both operating together. Set-back arming uses the
229:
Aerial bombs can be detonated either by a fuze, which contains a small explosive charge to initiate the main charge, or by a "pistol", a firing pin in a case which strikes the detonator when triggered. The pistol may be considered a part of the mechanical fuze
896:
1187:
724:
function of the munition. Sophisticated military munition fuzes typically contain an arming device in series with a parallel arrangement of sensing fuzes for target destruction and a time fuze for self-destruction if no target is detected.
1089:
1157:
602:
fuzed using different detonator/initiator characteristics so that the crew can choose which effect fuze will suit target conditions that may not have been known before the flight. The arming switch is set to one of
791:
291:
In the mid-to-late 19th century adjustable metal time fuzes, the fore-runners of today's time fuzes, containing burning gunpowder as the delay mechanism became common, in conjunction with the introduction of
1050:
242:
Relevant design factors in naval mine fuzes are that the mine may be static or moving downward through the water, and the target is typically moving on or below the water surface, usually above the mine.
304:
fuses much like those of modern fireworks: the infantryman lit the fuse before throwing the grenade and hoped the fuse burned for the several seconds intended. These were soon superseded in 1915 by the
704:
function for subsequent occupation of the target zone by friendly forces or for gravity return of anti-aircraft munitions used in defense of surface positions.) Series fuze combinations minimize
548:
of the accelerating artillery shell to remove a safety feature as the projectile accelerates from rest to its in-flight speed. Rotational arming requires that the artillery shell reach a certain
1172:
857:
968:
618:
Base fuzes are also used by artillery and tanks for shells of the 'squash head' type. Some types of armour piercing shells have also used base fuzes, as have nuclear artillery shells.
375:) to detonate when it comes within a certain pre-set distance of the target, or vice versa. Proximity fuzes utilize sensors incorporating one or more combinations of the following:
653:
A fuze must be designed to function appropriately considering relative movement of the munition with respect to its target. The target may move past stationary munitions like
1121:
1073:
1105:
1031:
708:
function by detonating at the latest activation of the individual components. Series combinations are useful for safety arming devices, but increase the percentage of
956:
825:
996:
473:
prematurely within a danger distance of the munition launch platform. In general, the munition has to travel a certain distance, wait for a period of time (via a
1697:
1642:
309:, the first modern hand grenade with a relatively safe and reliable time fuze initiated by pulling out a safety pin and releasing an arming handle on throwing.
1621:
197:
The situation of usage and the characteristics of the munition it is intended to activate affect the fuze design e.g. its safety and actuation mechanisms.
119:: Cord or tube for the transmission of flame or explosion usually consisting of cord or rope with gunpowder or high explosive spun into it. (The spelling
657:
or naval mines; or the target may be approached by a rocket, torpedo, artillery shell, or air-dropped bomb. Timing of fuze function may be described as
1141:
1012:
416:
924:
236:
The main design consideration is that the bomb that the fuze is intended to actuate is stationary, and the target itself is moving in making contact.
81:
function. "Complete bore safety" can be achieved with mechanical shutters that isolate the detonator from the main charge until the shell is fired.
1269:
984:
902:
British World War II 4-inch naval illuminating shell, showing time fuze (orange, top), illuminating compound (green) and parachute (white, bottom)
575:
even if the weapon is dropped on the ground. These types of fuze operate with aircraft weapons, where the weapon may have to be jettisoned over
940:
145:
Historically, it was spelled with either 's' or 'z', and both spellings can still be found. In the United States and some military forces,
1435:
citing The Oxford
Companion to World War II Edited by: I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot. Oxford University Press 2001 ISBN 9780198604464
1781:
1673:
1314:
1920:
1876:
1723:
673:
if the munition fails to detonate. Any given batch of a specific design may be tested to determine the anticipated percentage of
1163:
M4 anti tank mine, showing main fuze in the centre, plus 2 additional fuze pockets (both empty) which provide the option to fit
876:
331:
action will also detonate on change of direction caused by a slight glancing blow on a physical obstruction such as the ground.
1847:
1750:
1489:
1795:
1390:
841:
556:
cause a safety feature to disengage or move an arming mechanism to its armed position. Artillery shells are fired through a
1882:
810:
105:
1283:
1478:. Weapons and Systems Engineering Deptartment, United States Naval Academy – via Federation of American Scientists.
334:
Impact fuzes in artillery usage may be mounted in the shell nose ("point detonating") or shell base ("base detonating").
1957:
1900:
908:
753:
1834:
1707:
1649:
775:
1877:
Canada. Army
Electronic Library. Field Artillery Volume 6. Ballistics and Ammunition. B-GL-306-006/FP-001 1992-06-01
276:(or render itself safe without detonation) some seconds, minutes, hours, days, or even months after being deployed.
761:
1921:
Internal view of 1940s aerial bomb fuze, featuring 2 strikers held back by single screw-thread and 2 creep springs
1915:
1524:
104:
Some professional publications about explosives and munitions distinguish the "fuse" and "fuze" spelling. The
1430:
720:
by detonating at the earliest activation of individual components, but increase the possibility of premature
264:
Time fuzes detonate after a set period of time by using one or more combinations of mechanical, electronic,
327:"Superquick" fuze will detonate instantly on the slightest physical contact with the target. A fuze with a
288:
propellant charge escaping past the shell on firing to ignite the wood fuze and hence initiate the timer.
1095:
USSR pressure fuze for booby-trap purposes e.g. victim steps on loose floorboard with fuze (connected to
638:
1554:
579:
territory to allow a damaged aircraft to continue to fly. The crew can choose to jettison the weapons
424:
35:
1938:, vol. III, Harrisburg, PA: Military Service Publishing, pp. cf 7, "Introduction to Fuzes"
567:
or projectile has a fuze that prevents accidental initiation e.g. stopping the rotation of a small
645:
mechanisms in fuzes has existed since at least 1940 e.g. the German ZUS40 anti-removal bomb fuze.
84:
A fuze may contain only the electronic or mechanical elements necessary to signal or actuate the
1382:
1694:
is for more high-tech explosives: it's a mechanical or electronic device used for detonations."
832:
626:
549:
457:
260:
Wooden grenade fuse from the 17th
Century, broken open vertically, with preserved delay charge.
1329:
816:
109:
24:
1447:
19:
This article is about trigger devices for military munitions. For simple burning fuzes, see
1164:
1064:
634:
568:
404:
182:
8:
1967:
1251:
509:
c. 1940 - wings rotate as bomb falls, unscrewing the arming spindle connected to the fuze
1962:
1471:
1263:
757:
482:
468:
A fuze assembly may include more than one fuze in series or parallel arrangements. The
166:
133:: A device with explosive components designed to initiate a main charge. (The spelling
77:
53:) is the part of the device that initiates its function. In some applications, such as
1925:
1905:
1376:
1830:
1775:
1703:
1667:
1386:
1308:
553:
256:
186:
93:
89:
20:
30:"Exploder" redirects here. For the electric device used to detonate explosives, see
1933:
1910:
1757:
1500:
864:
801:
540:
out of the blast zone before the magnetic or acoustic sensors are fully activated.
269:
178:
31:
1901:
A range of modern munitions fuzes, together with detailed technical specifications
1799:
1740:
Article has a great many illustrations and descriptions of bomb fuzes and pistols.
300:
As late as World War I, some countries were still using hand-grenades with simple
149:
is used to denote a sophisticated ignition device incorporating mechanical and/or
1198:
1194:
1096:
1022:
1019:
887:
848:
633:
Note: some fuzes, e.g. those used in air-dropped bombs and landmines may contain
622:
518:
435:
357:
158:
62:
1599:
1578:
528:
Safety/arming mechanisms can be as simple as the spring-loaded safety levers on
1952:
1381:(sixth, completely revised ed.). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. p.
1290:
1212:
931:
797:
506:
364:
353:
343:
209:
204:
154:
1178:
Typical configuration of a pull fuze and/or pressure-release fuze attached to
625:, and their safety/arming devices are correspondingly complex. In addition to
1946:
1041:
915:
557:
392:
273:
92:
to initiate the detonation. Fuzes for large explosive charges may include an
1224:
1132:
962:
British
Percussion Fuze No. 110 Mk III, World War I, used in trench mortars
867:
591:
321:
219:
162:
61:. The relative complexity of even the earliest fuze designs can be seen in
571:(unless a lanyard pulls out a pin) so that the striker-pin cannot hit the
1218:
1112:
975:
947:
529:
522:
301:
265:
150:
1079:
Alternative design of USSR booby-trap pull-fuze, usually connected to a
1230:
1060:
642:
478:
400:
306:
1911:
Safing, Arming, Fuzing, and Firing (SAFF) info from
Globalsecurity.org
1690:
is a wick or other combustible cord for an old-fashioned explosive. A
583:
by dropping the devices with safety pins still attached, or drop them
883:
654:
572:
564:
514:
474:
450:
447:
439:
285:
85:
1532:
1179:
1080:
1003:
490:
486:
454:
388:
384:
372:
170:
73:
69:
42:
1201:
was secretly developed with limited testing between the world wars
1067:
purposes. c. 1950s. Detonator assembly is inserted into explosives
621:
The most sophisticated fuze mechanisms of all are those fitted to
297:
timer : hence introducing a safety factor previously absent.
1038:
1002:
British No. 45 P Direct Action Impact Fuze, World War I, used in
545:
536:
396:
368:
293:
208:
Artillery fuzes may be initiated by a timer mechanism, impact or
174:
54:
1881:
1417:
1405:
1362:
1227: – Device that detonates bomb on contact with hard surface
1148:
1128:
930:
British No. 63 Mk I Time and
Percussion fuze, c. 1915, used in
587:
by removing the safety pins as the weapons leave the aircraft.
1135:
showing fuze well into which a 3-pronged fuze would be screwed
481:
may require simultaneous detection of a series arrangement of
1115:
c. 1980s showing central location of mechanical pressure fuze
533:
501:
469:
443:
438:
cause a bomb to detonate at a certain pre-set altitude above
380:
376:
348:
1215: – Type of munition fuze used with artillery munitions
1056:
804:. Note the "Fuzed" status, chalked on the nose of each bomb
661:
if detonation occurs when target damage will be maximized,
420:
1622:"ARMY EQUIPMENT DATA SHEETS AMMUNITION PECULIAR EQUIPMENT"
1490:"XM784 and XM785 Electronic Time Fuze For Mortars (ETFM)"
974:
British No. 131 D.A. (Direct Action) Impact Fuze, Mk VI,
748:
contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
312:
Modern time fuzes often use an electronic delay system.
1151:, which would be screwed into the fuze well on the mine
990:
British No. 16 D Mk IV N Base percussion fuze, c. 1936
1375:
Meyer, Rudolf; Koehler, Josef; Homburg, Axel (2007).
946:
British No. 100 Graze Fuze for high-explosive shell,
371:
warhead or other munition (e.g. air-dropped bomb or
1374:
521:are representative of the sophistication of modern
280:whatever the projectile may have been filled with.
272:. Depending on the technology used, the device may
870:in 1980. Note spelling of "fuze" on adjacent boxes
1699:The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style
1944:
1848:"ZUS 40 (Anti withdrawal device 40) Germany WW2"
1730:. Stephen Taylor WW2 Relic Hunter. 3 March 2018
716:munitions. Parallel fuze combinations minimize
496:
1916:Tutorial regarding fuzes for air-dropped bombs
57:, a fuze may be identified by function as the
760:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
692:Combination fuze design attempts to maximize
493:sensors to complicate mine-sweeping efforts.
1268:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1044:showing the M6A1 pressure/pull fuze. c. 1950
427:to remotely command the device to detonate.
754:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
560:, which forces them to spin during flight.
513:The multiple safety/arming features in the
141:is the preferred spelling in this context.)
127:is the preferred spelling in this context.)
88:, but some fuzes contain a small amount of
1821:
1819:
1817:
1099:explosives) concealed underneath. c. 1950s
1926:90th Infantry Division Preservation Group
1250:
776:Learn how and when to remove this message
641:personnel. The technology to incorporate
212:to the target, or a combination of these.
16:Device which initiates munition explosion
1525:"Fuze Terminology and Basic Fuze Theory"
700:fuze function (and potential dangers of
696:detonation while recognizing dangers of
500:
347:
255:
246:
1814:
1233: – Slow-burning cord or twine fuse
665:if detonation occurs prior to optimum,
403:cameras. These may take the form of an
1945:
1780:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1695:
1672:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1334:Journal of the United States Artillery
1313:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
689:expected from that fuze installation.
669:if detonation occurs past optimum, or
1476:Fundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems
1418:Ministry of Defence (Army Dept.) 1968
1406:Ministry of Defence (Army Dept.) 1968
1363:Ministry of Defence (Army Dept.) 1968
1350:
1327:
1906:Bomb fuze data - US guide dated 1945
1728:Fuzes, Pistols and Detonators of WW2
732:
411:
1827:Principles of Naval Weapons Systems
1796:"Miniature Bomb, Heavyweight Punch"
1258:. Lord Baltimore Press. p. 24.
1221: – Type of fuse made of cotton
752:Please help improve the section by
137:may also be met for this term, but
123:may also be met for this term, but
13:
1195:Mark 6 magnetic influence exploder
14:
1979:
1894:
978:, used in anti-aircraft artillery
835:shells, showing percussion fuzes.
337:
192:
185:) as opposed to a simple burning
1887:Explosives Terms and Definitions
1883:Ministry of Defence (Army Dept.)
1186:
1171:
1156:
1140:
1120:
1104:
1088:
1072:
1049:
1030:
1011:
995:
983:
967:
955:
939:
923:
907:
895:
875:
856:
840:
824:
809:
790:
762:Manual of Style on use of images
737:
1840:
1788:
1743:
1716:
1680:
1635:
1614:
1592:
1571:
1547:
1517:
1482:
1464:
1440:
1025:showing fuze mechanism. c. 1939
851:155mm artillery shells, c. 2000
463:
284:still relied on flame from the
1499:. 9 April 2003. Archived from
1423:
1411:
1399:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1340:(5). Fort Monroe, VA: 484–508.
1328:Young, C. G. (November 1920).
1321:
1276:
1244:
648:
637:specifically designed to kill
1:
1829:Naval Institute Press (1985)
1252:Fairfield, Arthur P., CDR USN
1237:
430:
497:Safety and arming mechanisms
99:
7:
1932:Farmer, William C. (1945),
1928:- page on 81mm Mortar Fuzes
1702:. Oxford University Press.
1206:
882:An assortment of fuzes for
10:
1984:
1889:. A 32/ARTS/R & D/678.
1870:
1600:"DUAL SAFETY GRENADE FUZE"
728:
341:
319:
153:components (for example a
29:
18:
1958:Military slang and jargon
1852:Inert Ordnance Collectors
1696:Garner, Bryan A. (2000).
1199:Mark 14 submarine torpedo
1037:Cut-away diagram of a US
831:Cross-sectional views of
563:In other cases the bomb,
315:
36:Exploder (disambiguation)
1602:. Hamilton Watch Company
1448:"fuse | ignition device"
68:A fuze is a device that
1452:Encyclopedia Britannica
1180:M15 anti-tank landmines
1059:pull-fuze designed for
251:
1559:www.globalsecurity.org
1330:"Notes on Fuze Design"
833:QF 2-pounder naval gun
758:moving relevant images
615:at the crew's choice.
510:
361:
261:
210:detection of proximity
106:UK Ministry of Defence
34:. For other uses, see
23:. For other uses, see
1165:anti-handling devices
817:Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
635:anti-handling devices
504:
351:
259:
247:Activation mechanisms
25:Fuze (disambiguation)
1935:Ordnance Field Guide
1802:on 25 September 2009
1535:on December 10, 2009
1433:. Oxford Reference.
1018:Cut-away diagram of
405:anti-handling device
383:, passive acoustic,
183:anti-handling device
1472:"Chapter 14 Fuzing"
218:Requirements for a
1825:Frieden, David R.
1193:The problem-prone
1147:Fuze for a German
554:centrifugal forces
511:
408:severely damaged.
362:
262:
78:explosive material
1854:. 22 January 2008
1529:The Ordnance Shop
1392:978-3-527-31656-4
786:
785:
778:
590:Aerial bombs and
417:Remote detonators
412:Remote detonation
94:explosive booster
90:primary explosive
21:Fuse (explosives)
1975:
1939:
1890:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1823:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1798:. Archived from
1792:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1756:. Archived from
1755:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1648:. Archived from
1647:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1531:. Archived from
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1431:"Proximity fuze"
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1289:. Archived from
1288:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1248:
1190:
1175:
1160:
1144:
1124:
1108:
1092:
1076:
1053:
1034:
1015:
999:
987:
971:
959:
943:
927:
911:
899:
879:
865:white phosphorus
860:
847:Fuzes fitted to
844:
828:
813:
802:RAF Metheringham
794:
781:
774:
770:
769:
741:
740:
733:
436:Barometric fuzes
179:pencil detonator
173:, spring-loaded
63:cutaway diagrams
32:blasting machine
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1897:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1824:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1751:"Archived copy"
1749:
1748:
1744:
1733:
1731:
1724:"British bombs"
1722:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1685:
1681:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:"Archived copy"
1641:
1640:
1636:
1629:Military Newbie
1624:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1373:
1369:
1365:, p. 33,35
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1326:
1322:
1306:
1305:
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1284:"Archived copy"
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1023:Type 99 Grenade
1016:
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771:
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742:
738:
731:
651:
623:nuclear weapons
499:
466:
433:
414:
365:Proximity fuzes
358:artillery shell
346:
340:
324:
318:
270:chemical timers
254:
249:
205:Artillery fuzes
195:
159:artillery shell
102:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
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1896:
1895:External links
1893:
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1865:
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1787:
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1579:"Grenade fuze"
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798:Avro Lancaster
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507:Butterfly bomb
498:
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442:by means of a
432:
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413:
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354:Proximity fuze
344:Proximity fuze
342:Main article:
339:
338:Proximity fuze
336:
320:Main article:
317:
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193:Munition types
191:
155:proximity fuze
143:
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128:
112:in original):
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1835:0-87021-537-X
1832:
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1783:
1777:
1763:on 2009-03-19
1759:
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1709:9780195135084
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1353:, p. 488
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1296:on 2009-03-19
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1075:
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1065:anti-handling
1062:
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1042:bounding mine
1040:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1021:
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916:Stokes mortar
910:
905:
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767:(August 2024)
763:
759:
755:
749:
746:This section
744:
735:
734:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
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676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
646:
644:
640:
639:bomb disposal
636:
631:
628:
624:
619:
616:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
593:
592:depth charges
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
558:rifled barrel
555:
551:
547:
541:
538:
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531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
508:
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494:
492:
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445:
441:
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428:
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393:photoelectric
390:
386:
382:
378:
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366:
359:
355:
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323:
313:
310:
308:
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298:
295:
289:
287:
281:
277:
275:
274:self-destruct
271:
267:
258:
241:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
215:Hand grenades
214:
211:
206:
203:
200:
199:
198:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
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107:
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79:
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71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
26:
22:
1934:
1886:
1856:. Retrieved
1851:
1842:
1826:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:the original
1790:
1765:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1745:
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1657:. Retrieved
1650:the original
1637:
1628:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1573:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1528:
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1496:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1434:
1425:
1420:, p. 35
1413:
1408:, p. 33
1401:
1377:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1298:. Retrieved
1291:the original
1278:
1255:
1246:
1225:Contact fuze
1133:World War II
1131:dating from
868:mortar shell
772:
766:
747:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
691:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
652:
632:
620:
617:
612:
608:
604:
599:
595:
589:
584:
580:
576:
562:
542:
527:
512:
467:
464:Combinations
434:
415:
363:
333:
328:
325:
322:Contact fuze
311:
299:
290:
282:
278:
263:
226:Aerial bombs
220:hand grenade
196:
146:
144:
138:
134:
130:
124:
120:
116:
103:
83:
67:
58:
50:
46:
41:In military
40:
1858:29 December
1806:29 December
1606:29 December
1584:29 December
1539:December 6,
1219:Black match
1113:TC/2.4 mine
976:World War I
948:World War I
914:Fuze for a
863:Fuzed 81mm
649:Reliability
479:naval mines
458:rangefinder
425:radio waves
302:black match
266:pyrotechnic
239:Naval mines
49:(sometimes
1968:Ammunition
1947:Categories
1837:pp.405-427
1767:2009-12-09
1659:2008-08-03
1564:2021-03-23
1510:2009-12-06
1457:2016-01-14
1378:Explosives
1351:Young 1920
1300:2009-12-06
1238:References
1231:Slow match
1083:. c. 1950s
1061:booby-trap
655:land mines
643:booby-trap
523:electronic
448:barometric
431:Barometric
401:television
307:Mills bomb
169:fuze on a
151:electronic
1963:Artillery
1264:cite book
884:artillery
573:detonator
569:propeller
517:used for
515:M734 fuze
489:, and/or
475:clockwork
451:altimeter
440:sea level
379:, active
360:, c. 1945
286:gunpowder
233:Landmines
230:assembly.
201:Artillery
100:Etymology
86:detonator
70:detonates
55:torpedoes
43:munitions
1885:(1968).
1776:cite web
1734:23 April
1668:cite web
1497:dtic.mil
1309:cite web
1254:(1921).
1207:See also
1197:for the
1111:Italian
1081:tripwire
1020:Japanese
1004:howitzer
932:shrapnel
577:friendly
491:pressure
487:magnetic
483:acoustic
455:infrared
399:or even
389:magnetic
385:infrared
373:sea mine
367:cause a
268:or even
171:sea mine
167:acoustic
163:magnetic
110:emphasis
108:states (
74:munition
59:exploder
1871:Sources
1555:"Fuzes"
1127:German
729:Gallery
694:optimum
679:optimum
659:optimum
594:can be
552:before
546:inertia
537:grenade
525:fuzes.
519:mortars
397:seismic
369:missile
356:for an
175:grenade
157:for an
1833:
1706:
1389:
1149:S-mine
1129:S-mine
1006:shells
934:shells
890:shells
888:mortar
756:or by
685:, and
453:or an
352:Mk 53
316:Impact
294:rifled
223:force.
177:fuze,
1953:Fuzes
1761:(PDF)
1754:(PDF)
1653:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
1625:(PDF)
1504:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
1294:(PDF)
1287:(PDF)
918:shell
722:early
706:early
698:early
675:early
663:early
611:, or
534:RGD-5
470:RPG-7
444:radar
421:wires
381:sonar
377:radar
329:graze
1860:2014
1831:ISBN
1808:2014
1782:link
1736:2018
1704:ISBN
1692:fuze
1688:fuse
1674:link
1608:2014
1586:2014
1541:2009
1387:ISBN
1315:link
1270:link
1057:USSR
1039:M2A4
886:and
849:M107
819:fuze
718:duds
712:and
710:late
702:late
683:late
667:late
613:tail
609:nose
605:safe
600:tail
598:and
596:nose
585:live
581:safe
565:mine
505:SD2
419:use
252:Time
187:fuse
147:fuze
139:fuze
135:fuse
131:Fuze
125:fuse
121:fuze
117:Fuse
51:fuse
47:fuze
45:, a
1686:"A
1383:145
1097:TNT
1063:or
800:at
714:dud
687:dud
671:dud
627:PAL
550:rpm
532:or
530:M67
423:or
181:or
76:'s
1949::
1850:.
1816:^
1778:}}
1774:{{
1726:.
1670:}}
1666:{{
1627:.
1557:.
1527:.
1495:.
1474:.
1450:.
1385:.
1338:53
1336:.
1332:.
1311:}}
1307:{{
1266:}}
1262:{{
764:.
681:.
677:,
607:,
485:,
460:.
446:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
189:.
161:,
96:.
72:a
65:.
1862:.
1810:.
1784:)
1770:.
1738:.
1712:.
1676:)
1662:.
1631:.
1610:.
1588:.
1567:.
1543:.
1513:.
1460:.
1395:.
1317:)
1303:.
1272:)
950:.
779:)
773:(
750:.
165:/
38:.
27:.
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