27:
1016:
381:
328:
275:
244:
657:
1094:, the striker spring in particular, coming pre-tensioned from the factory by mechanism designs that had not changed much since the 1930s. In 2019, a new mechanism, fully interchangeable with the old ones, was adopted into service. The main difference, apart from a fully environmentally stable delay, is that the springs now are twist-tensioned by the thrower after the transport safety (pin and ring) has been removed, thus eliminating the possibility of unintentional arming of the hand grenade.
871:
286:
40:
699:
571:
646:, detonating when the top of the grenade hit the ground. A long cane handle (approximately 16 inches or 40 cm) allowed the user to throw the grenade farther than the blast of the explosion. It suffered from the handicap that the percussion fuse was armed before throwing, which meant that if the user was in a trench or other confined space, he was apt to detonate it and kill himself when he drew back his arm to throw it.
992:
977:
798:
58:
756:
747:
505:
1052:
drawbacks; either the primer is so sensitive that unintended and premature ignition happens, while a more stable substance often fails to set off the grenade when landing in softer ground, not seldom even allowing the targeted troops to hurl the grenade back. Thus, the only significant use of impact fuzes since WWI has been in anti-tank grenades.
1033:
691:, though Mills' own notes show the external grooves were purely to aid the soldier to grip the weapon. Improved fragmentation designs were later made with the notches on the inside, but at that time they would have been too expensive to produce. The external segmentation of the original Mills bomb was retained, as it provided a positive
62:
65:
64:
60:
59:
66:
882:
During the Great War, handgrenades were frequently used by troops, lacking other means to defend against enemy tanks threatening to over-run the position, to various success. The
Interwar period saw some limited development of grenades specifically intended to defeat armour, but it was not until the
1023:
Practice or simulation grenades are similar in handling and function to other hand grenades, except that they only produce a loud popping noise and a puff of smoke on detonation. The grenade body can be reused. Another type is the throwing practice grenade which is completely inert and often cast in
520:
We have a new invention to annoy our friends in their pits. It consists in filling empty soda water bottles full of powder, old twisted nails and any other sharp or cutting thing we can find at the time, sticking a bit of tow in for a fuse then lighting it and throwing it quickly into our neighbors'
1442:
We read: "that the
Brahmans counselled Hal to have an elephant made of clay and to place it in the van of his army, and that when the army of the king of Kashmir drew nigh, the elephant exploded, and the flames destroyed a great portion of the invading force. Here we have not only the simple act of
63:
1051:
was the first used, with fragile containers of Greek fire that ruptured when landing. Later impact fuzes contained some kind of sensitive explosive to either initiate the main charge directly, or set off a primer charge that in turn detonates the main charge. This turned out to present significant
1078:
with the latter being predominant since WWII. There is also an alternative technique of throwing, where the grenade is not thrown immediately after the fuze is ignited, which allows the fuze to burn partially and decrease the time to detonation after throwing; this is referred to as "cooking". A
940:
Sting grenades, also known as stingball or sting ball grenades, are stun grenades based on the design of the fragmentation grenade. Instead of using a metal casing to produce fragmentation, they are made from hard rubber and are filled with around 100 rubber or plastic balls. On detonation, these
941:
balls, and fragments from the rubber casing explode outward in all directions as reduced lethality projectiles, which may ricochet. It is intended that people struck by the projectiles will receive a series of fast, painful stings, without serious injury. Some types have an additional payload of
781:
Fragmentation grenades are common in armies. They are weapons that are designed to disperse fragments on detonation, aimed to damage targets within the lethal and injury radii. The body is generally made of a hard synthetic material or steel, which will provide some fragmentation as shards and
883:
outbreak of WWII serious efforts were made. While there were infantry anti-tank weapons available, they were either not ubiquitous enough, ineffective or both. Anti-tank grenades were a suitable stopgap to ensure a rudimentary capability for every squad to be used for self-defence. Once
728:(FMV), shgr 07 is a self-righting, jumping hand grenade containing some 1900 balls that covers a cone 10 metres in diameter with the centre about 2 metres in height. This minimize the dangers outside the lethal zone as there is little to no random scattering of fragments from the blast..
586:
Around the turn of the 20th century, the ineffectiveness of the available types of hand grenades, coupled with their levels of danger to the user and difficulty of operation, meant that they were regarded as increasingly obsolete pieces of military equipment. In 1902, the
British
434:
bombshells and grenades appeared in Europe in 1467, where their initial role was with the besieging and defense of castles and fortifications. A hoard of several hundred ceramic hand grenades was discovered during construction in front of a bastion of the
Bavarian city of
521:
pit where it bursts, to their great annoyance. You may imagine their rage at seeing a soda water bottle come tumbling into a hole full of men with a little fuse burning away as proud as a real shell exploding and burying itself into soft parts of the flesh.
948:
Sting grenades do not reliably incapacitate people, so they can be dangerous to use against armed subjects. They sometimes cause serious physical injury, especially the rubber fragments from the casing. People have lost eyes and hands to sting grenades.
782:
splinters, though in modern grenades a pre-formed fragmentation matrix is often used. The pre-formed fragmentation may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most explosive grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.
687:, England in 1915, designating it the No.5. It was described as the first "safe grenade". They were explosive-filled steel canisters with a triggering pin and a distinctive deeply notched surface. This segmentation is often erroneously thought to aid
206:
Grenades are often spherical, cylindrical, ovoid or truncated ovoid in shape, and of a size that fits the hand of an average-sized adult. Some grenades are mounted at the end of a handle and known as "stick grenades". The stick design provides
1044:
When using a hand grenade, the objective is to have the grenade explode so that the target is within its effective radius while keeping the thrower out of the same. For this reason, several systems has been used to trigger the explosion.
710:, the general design of hand grenades has been fundamentally unchanged, with pin-and-lever being the predominant igniter system with the major powers, though incremental and evolutionary improvements continuously were made. In 2012,
127:
to trigger the detonator, an arming safety secured by a transport safety. The user removes the transport safety before throwing, and once the grenade leaves the hand the arming safety gets released, allowing the striker to trigger a
623:. Aasen formed the Aasenske Granatkompani in Denmark, which before the First World War produced and exported hand grenades in large numbers across Europe. He had success in marketing his weapon to the French and was appointed as a
1024:
one piece. It is used to give soldiers a feel for the weight and shape of real grenades and for practicing precision throwing. Examples of practice grenades include the K417 Biodegradable
Practice Hand Grenade by CNOTech Korea.
789:, have a wounding radius of 15 m (49 ft) â half that of older style grenades, which can still be encountered â and can be thrown about 40 m (130 ft). Fragments may travel more than 200 m (660 ft).
591:
announced that hand grenades were obsolete and had no place in modern warfare. But within two years, following the success of improvised grenades in the trench warfare conditions of the Russo-Japanese War, and reports from
809:
These grenades are usually classed as offensive weapons because the effective casualty radius is much less than the distance it can be thrown, and its explosive power works better within more confined spaces such as
653:, combatant nations only had small grenades, similar to Hales' and Aasen's design. The Italian Besozzi grenade had a five-second fuze with a match-tip that was ignited by striking on a ring on the soldier's hand.
26:
1079:
shorter delay is useful to reduce the ability of the enemy to take cover, throw or kick the grenade away and can also be used to allow a fragmentation grenade to explode into the air over defensive positions.
439:, Germany, dated to the 17th century. Many of the grenades retained their original black powder loads and igniters. The grenades were most likely intentionally dumped in the moat of the bastion prior to 1723.
61:
1940:
478:. These grenades were not very effective owing both to the unreliability of their fuse, as well inconsistent times to detonation, and as a result, saw little use. Grenades were also used during the
409:), and when they get there a sound like a thunder-clap is heard, and flashes of light appear. If ten of these shells are fired successfully into the enemy camp, the whole place will be set ablaze...
466:
in 1688, where cricket ball-sized (8.81 to 9 in (224 to 229 mm) in circumference) iron spheres packed with gunpowder and fitted with slow-burning wicks were first used against the
2428:"Economic Explosives Limited, a subsidiary of Solar Industries India Ltd., Nagpur, has successfully established production of Multi Mode Hand Grenade as per TOT obtained from TBRL (DRDO)"
848:(ARDEC) announced in 2016 that they were developing a grenade which could operate in either fragmentation or blast mode (selected at any time before throwing), the electronically fuzed
497:
enhancing the effect of small explosive devices. In a letter to his sister, Colonel Hugh Robert
Hibbert described an improvised grenade that was employed by British troops during the
446:" began to emerge in the armies of Europe, who specialized in shock and close quarters combat, mostly with the usage of grenades and fierce melee combat. In 1643, it is possible that
199:) as fast-flying projectiles. In modern grenades, a pre-formed fragmentation matrix inside the grenade is commonly used, which may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most
2233:
845:
619:, who invented his design in 1906 in Norway, receiving a patent for it in England. Aasen began his experiments with developing a grenade while serving as a sergeant in the
1505:
1824:
1791:
2356:
1950:
1058:
grenades is the predominant system today, developed from the match-fuzes that were hand-lit in the early grenades. From there, two sub-groups were developed:
1464:
1544:
2306:
818:, where entrenched defenders often occupy. The concussion effect, rather than any expelled fragments, is the effective killer. In the case of the US
2381:
1040:
has an advertised effective kill zone radius of 5 m (16 ft), while the casualty-inducing radius is approximately 15 m (49 ft).
2285:
211:
for throwing longer distances, but at the cost of additional weight and length, and has been considered obsolete by western countries since the
1468:
890:
became available in greater numbers, anti-tank hand grenades became almost obsolete. However, they were still used with limited success in the
2101:
2331:
1879:
1261:
2230:
2218:
997:
2504:
2142:
2046:
1187:
1437:
On the weapons, army organisation, and political maxims of the ancient Hindus, with special reference to gunpowder and firearms
765:
1520:
1496:
2203:
2085:
1972:
1704:
1613:
1385:
1355:
1327:: Vol. 5; "Part 6: Chemistry and chemical technology; Military technology: missiles and sieges". Cambridge University Press.
1311:
604:
were built, but this type of fuze suffered from various practical problems, and they were not commissioned in large numbers.
256:
2042:
1062:
where a cord is pulled or a cap is twisted to ignite the delay-fuze like on the German
Stielhandgranate; the other being
235:, as the bomb is reminiscent of the many-seeded fruit in size and shape. Its first use in English dates from the 1590s.
574:
One of the earliest modern hand grenades. Fielded in the
British Army from 1908, it was unsuccessful in the trenches of
2583:
1993:
834:
401:) are made of cast iron, as large as a bowl and shaped like a ball. Inside they contain half a pound of 'divine fire' (
2360:
1732:
1332:
1228:
919:
826:
areas, but fragments and bits of fuze may be projected as far as 200 m (660 ft) from the detonation point.
718:(shgr 07, "Blast hand-grenade 07") was announced as the first major innovation in the area of handgrenades since the
926:
as an anti-tank weapon. It was produced in vast numbers; by August 1941 well over 6,000,000 had been manufactured.
891:
1994:"Joint Intermediate Force Capabilities Office > Current Intermediate Force Capabilities> Stingball Grenade"
1574:
895:
1182:
219:
periods. A friction igniter inside the handle or on the top of the grenade head was used to initiate the fuse.
2249:
1082:
Concerned with a number of serious incidents and accidents involving hand grenades, Ian Kinley at the
Swedish
841:. Underwater explosions kill or otherwise incapacitate the target by creating a lethal shock wave underwater.
2588:
1945:
486:
used "vast numbers of powder flasks, grenade shells, and stinkpots" to defeat two pirate-hunters sent by the
1552:
487:
2310:
2261:
1846:
1813:
2603:
2593:
2497:
2385:
2265:
1835:
1802:
1637:
899:
1443:
explosion, but something very much like a fuze, to enable the explosion to occur at a particular time."
180:
1083:
725:
413:
Grenade-like devices were also known in ancient India. In a 12th-century
Persian historiography, the
136:(sometimes called the delay element), which burns down to the detonator and explodes the main charge.
2598:
2335:
676:
1224:
884:
875:
688:
672:
639:
188:
20:
471:
1883:
1421:
554:
Improvised hand grenades were used to great effect by the Russian defenders of Port Arthur (now
2578:
2532:
2490:
1434:
Oppert, Gustav Salomon; VaiĆaáčpÄyana. NÄ«tiprakÄĆikÄ; Ćukra. ĆukranÄ«ti; Weber, Albrecht (1880).
1015:
551:, the defenders used fishing rods and a mechanical spring device to throw improvised grenades.
2461:
2427:
2193:
1375:
1345:
713:
2071:
1761:
953:
331:
An illustration of a fragmentation bomb known as the 'divine bone dissolving fire oil bomb' (
269:
184:
1218:
616:
479:
475:
322:
302:
298:
208:
2406:
1416:
8:
1662:
620:
608:
463:
380:
313:
at the enemy but also in stone and ceramic jars. Later, glass containers were employed.
2552:
2035:
1435:
1255:
1103:
923:
635:
559:
537:
513:
415:
350:
176:
96:
2149:
1433:
695:
surface. This basic "pin-and-pineapple" design is still used in some modern grenades.
493:
Improvised grenades were increasingly used from the mid-19th century, the confines of
2573:
2199:
2081:
2077:
1728:
1700:
1619:
1609:
1586:
1549:
Letters of Hibbert, Hugh Robert, 1828â1895, Colonel, ref. DHB/57 â date: 14 June 1855
1476:
1381:
1351:
1328:
1307:
1120:
1087:
1074:, or have a spring-loaded striker hit the cap after the grenade is released like the
865:
643:
601:
597:
544:
455:
424:
148:
2547:
2527:
2036:"Limited Effects Weapons Study: Catalog of Currently Available Weapons and Devices"
1276:
915:
624:
530:
483:
116:
112:
88:
47:
1475:(in German). 1/2018. Gesellschaft fĂŒr Historische Waffen- und KostĂŒmkunde: 65â80.
327:
2466:
2237:
1913:
1766:
1694:
1091:
1071:
611:, developed a modern hand grenade in 1906 but was unsuccessful in persuading the
548:
509:
274:
203:(AP) grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.
51:(shaft hand grenade), a high explosive grenade with time fuze, Netherlands, 1946
39:
2537:
2473:
2121:
1858:
1751:. Ballantines Illustrated History of the Violent Century. Weapons book, no. 37.
1177:
665:
593:
529:, the Paraguayan troops used hand grenades in their attempt to board Brazilian
526:
374:
365:
200:
144:
129:
2174:
1623:
1090:
variation with temperature (slows down in cold and speeds up in heat) and the
833:(underwater explosives) around boats and underwater targets; some like the US
656:
596:, a British observer of the conflict, a reassessment was quickly made and the
555:
243:
2567:
2477:
1590:
1480:
1473:
SammWaffen- und KostĂŒmkunde - Zeitschrift fĂŒr Waffen- und Kleidungsgeschichte
1250:
887:
811:
631:
451:
309:, a Byzantine invention of the previous century, could not only be thrown by
160:
108:
2286:"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS"
2106:
1778:
911:
830:
612:
600:
was instructed to develop a practical hand grenade. Various models using a
427:
was placed hidden in the van and exploded as the invading army approached.
405:, gunpowder). They are sent flying towards the enemy camp from an eruptor (
373:), described various gunpowder recipes in which one can find, according to
346:
310:
279:
212:
152:
1696:
Reinventing Warfare 1914â18: Novel Munitions and Tactics of Trench Warfare
363:
into ceramic or metal containers fitted with fuses. A 1044 military book,
285:
2522:
2231:
United States Army Field Manual 3â23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals
2219:
United States Army Field Manual 3â23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals
1132:
1037:
957:
870:
819:
802:
786:
650:
575:
498:
337:
232:
231:
is likely derived from the French word spelled exactly the same, meaning
73:
1265:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 578.
1070:
where the user either hit the cap before the throw like on the Japanese
822:, the casualty radius is published as 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in
2482:
1471:(2018). "Keramikgranaten aus Ingolstadt - Ein auĂergewöhnlicher Fund".
1377:
Chinese Ideas About Nature and Society: Studies in Honour of Derk Bodde
1075:
935:
684:
680:
661:
588:
579:
467:
443:
436:
420:
385:
306:
290:
248:
124:
100:
1525:(January 1719 ed.). London: British History Online. pp. 1â21
991:
2542:
1172:
1150:
968:
Chemical and gas grenades burn or release a gas, and do not explode.
719:
431:
360:
140:
120:
698:
692:
570:
2102:"French police weapons under scrutiny after gilets jaunes injuries"
2017:
1917:
952:
Sting grenades are sometimes called "stinger grenades", which is a
815:
389:
216:
196:
2178:
838:
837:
concussion grenade are designed for use against enemy divers and
797:
770:
252:
156:
2250:
Officerstidningen, SÀkrare tÀndfunktion till handgranater testas
139:
Grenades work by dispersing fragments (fragmentation grenades),
1000:
982:
942:
494:
1254:
976:
755:
746:
1847:
Succé för svensk handgranat, Aftonbladet 2013-09-05, Jan Huss
1814:
Succé för svensk handgranat, Aftonbladet 2013-09-05, Jan Huss
1144:
1126:
853:
846:
US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center
504:
192:
104:
615:
to adopt the weapon until 1913. Hale's chief competitor was
1448:
1159:
1138:
707:
664:â the first modern fragmentation grenade â was used in the
172:
133:
2470:
article with complete history, cutaway, and illustrations
2148:. University of Massachusetts. 2005-06-07. Archived from
1298:
1296:
785:
Modern fragmentation grenades, such as the United States
289:
Seven ceramic hand grenades of the 17th century found in
536:
Hand grenades were used on naval engagements during the
1440:. Oxford University. Madras, Higginbotham. p. 64.
1032:
16:
Small explosive weapon that typically is thrown by hand
1362:
First known illustration of a fire lance and a grenade
1293:
898:(MRAP) vehicles, designed for protection only against
1545:"The National Archives, records of the UK government"
914:
the United Kingdom used incendiary grenades based on
2172:
1941:"MRAPs modified to deflect RKG-3 anti-tank grenades"
1897:
1343:
2449:
Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 7
1401:
1495:
902:, as well as drone ordnance in Ukraine 2022â2024.
1722:
1692:
1463:
565:
179:). Their outer casings, generally made of a hard
115:. A modern hand grenade generally consists of an
2565:
2191:
1660:
462:was also used during the events surrounding the
297:Rudimentary incendiary grenades appeared in the
1603:
1113:Modern manufacturers of hand grenades include:
191:on detonation, sending out numerous fragments (
2011:
2009:
2007:
2498:
1880:"Center for Army Lessons Learned - Thesaurus"
1216:
711:
482:, especially during boarding actions; pirate
377:, the prototype of the modern hand grenade.
354:
2185:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1019:Inert training grenade made from hard rubber
894:in the early 2000s against lightly armoured
679:, patented, developed and manufactured the "
442:By the mid-17th century, infantry known as "
278:Mongolian grenade attack on Japanese during
2004:
1718:
1716:
1606:Las armas menores en la Guerra del PacĂfico
1575:"Abordagem aos Encouraçados no Tagy (1868)"
1380:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 300.
1373:
829:Concussion grenades have also been used as
423:elephant filled with explosives set with a
305:(717â741). Byzantine soldiers learned that
2505:
2491:
2462:"Getting Good with the Grenade...It Pays!"
2195:Practical Military Ordnance Identification
2175:"K417 Biodegradable Practice Hand Grenade"
2173:Defense Media Agency (November 21, 2018).
1573:Barros, Aldeir Isael Faxina (2021-05-31).
384:Earliest known representation of a gun (a
1679:
2512:
1713:
1497:"Battlefield gives up 1689 hand grenade"
1249:
1031:
1014:
869:
796:
775:fragmentation grenade with cross section
697:
655:
569:
503:
379:
341:. The black dots represent iron pellets.
326:
284:
273:
242:
25:
2332:"Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Arges GmbH"
1938:
1914:"US Army builds 'ambidextrous' grenade"
1518:
1512:
1188:TM 31-210 Improvised Munitions Handbook
2566:
2015:
1572:
1344:Tanner, Harold Miles (30 March 2009).
1231:from the original on November 21, 2023
1117:Agenzia Industrie della Difesa (Italy)
1086:identified the two main issues as the
702:Hand grenade pin-and-lever fuze system
91:typically thrown by hand (also called
2486:
2441:
2334:. Rheinmetall Defence. Archived from
1522:America and West Indies: January 1719
1493:
1337:
731:
625:Knight of the French Legion of Honour
607:Marten Hale, known for patenting the
168:
164:
2045:. 25 October 1995. p. 53 (66).
1367:
1212:
1210:
1208:
359:) were created when soldiers packed
30:Replica WW2 hand grenades on display
2243:
2240:(2005 revision), pages 3â11 to 3â12
2143:"CHAPTER 1: TYPES OF HAND GRENADES"
2124:. Federation of American Scientists
2043:United States Department of Defense
1861:. Federation of American Scientists
1836:Officerstidningen nr 7, 2019, sid 8
1803:Officerstidningen nr 7, 2019, sid 8
1762:"How the Modern Grenadier is Armed"
1638:"Granadas de mano en combate naval"
1350:. Hackett Publishing. p. 204.
1217:Levy, Michael (November 11, 2023).
1198:
963:
683:" at the Mills Munition Factory in
630:The Royal Laboratory developed the
13:
1939:Schogol, Jeff (October 20, 2009).
1494:Cramb, Auslan (23 February 2004).
1097:
14:
2615:
2455:
2192:Gersbeck, Thomas (5 March 2014).
2052:from the original on 5 March 2017
1699:. A&C Black. pp. 25â40.
1325:Science and civilization in China
1205:
920:No. 76 special incendiary grenade
792:
450:were thrown amongst the Welsh at
72:US Army soldier throwing a dummy
1859:"M67 Fragmentation Hand Grenade"
1727:. Sutton Publishing. p. 2.
1604:Contador Zelada, Andrés (2011).
1508:from the original on 2022-01-11.
1108:
990:
985:US signal smoke grenade (yellow)
975:
960:for its line of sting grenades.
754:
745:
736:
371:Compilation of Military Classics
299:Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
263:
56:
38:
2420:
2399:
2374:
2349:
2324:
2299:
2278:
2254:
2224:
2212:
2166:
2135:
2114:
2094:
2064:
2028:
1986:
1965:
1932:
1906:
1872:
1851:
1840:
1829:
1818:
1807:
1796:
1785:
1754:
1741:
1661:Standingwellback (2020-02-29).
1654:
1630:
1597:
1566:
1537:
1487:
1457:
1454:Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 179.
1427:
956:as "Stinger" is trademarked by
896:mine-resistant ambush protected
850:enhanced tactical multi-purpose
675:, a hand grenade designer from
388:) and a grenade (upper right),
2018:"Stingball Grenade Evaluation"
1410:
1317:
1269:
1243:
1183:Technology of the Song Dynasty
566:Development of modern grenades
349:(960â1279), weapons known as '
301:, not long after the reign of
1:
2080:. 20 April 2012. p. 51.
1304:Studies in Ancient Technology
1302:Forbes, Robert James (1993).
1193:
905:
2073:SAS Ultimate Guide to Combat
1220:grenade: military technology
900:improvised explosive devices
859:
316:
222:
103:) shot from the muzzle of a
7:
2451:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
2266:Ministry of Defence (Italy)
2122:"M69 practice hand grenade"
1281:Online Etymology Dictionary
1166:
1027:
1010:
922:, was mainly issued to the
724:Developed by Ian Kinley at
627:in 1916 for the invention.
95:), but can also refer to a
10:
2620:
2384:. Nammo AS. Archived from
2198:. CRC Press. p. 132.
1770:. January 1919. p. 14
1723:Saunders, Anthony (1999).
1693:Saunders, Anthony (2012).
1101:
933:
863:
594:General Sir Aylmer Haldane
578:, and was replaced by the
320:
267:
257:National Historical Museum
247:Hand grenades filled with
238:
183:or steel, are designed to
45:Demonstration of a German
18:
2584:8th-century introductions
2518:
2221:(2005 revision), page 1-6
1725:Weapons of the Trench War
1135:(formerly Arges, Austria)
525:In March 1868 during the
355:
2447:Needham, Joseph (1986).
2016:Mesloh, Charlie (2012).
1323:Needham, Joseph (1994).
1225:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1156:Solar Industries (India)
929:
21:Grenade (disambiguation)
2407:"ALHAMBRA Hand Grenade"
2309:. Mecar. Archived from
1519:Headlam, Cecil (1933).
1407:Needham, Volume 5, 264.
1262:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1084:Försvarets materielverk
726:Försvarets Materielverk
333:lan gu huo you shen pao
123:mechanism, an internal
2533:F1 grenade (Australia)
2359:. RUAG. Archived from
1663:"IEDs in the Boer War"
1502:Scotland Correspondent
1041:
1020:
879:
806:
712:
703:
669:
634:in 1908. It contained
583:
523:
516:
411:
393:
342:
294:
282:
260:
31:
2307:"Mecar hand grenades"
1903:Dockery 1997, p. 188.
1035:
1018:
954:genericized trademark
873:
800:
701:
659:
642:band, with an impact
573:
518:
508:A cross-section of a
507:
395:
383:
330:
288:
277:
270:Early thermal weapons
255:(10thâ12th centuries
246:
29:
2589:Byzantine inventions
2513:Hand grenade weapons
1953:on February 18, 2018
1749:Grenades and mortars
1465:Franzkowiak, Andreas
1422:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
1374:Bodde, Derk (1987).
1088:time-fuze's burntime
617:Nils Waltersen Aasen
480:Golden Age of Piracy
323:History of gunpowder
19:For other uses, see
2474:"How Grenades Work"
1975:. National archives
1920:. 20 September 2016
1068:percussion-ignitors
714:SprÀnghandgranat 07
621:Oscarsborg Fortress
609:Hales rifle grenade
488:Governor of Jamaica
464:Glorious Revolution
351:thunder crash bombs
177:incendiary grenades
2604:Non-lethal weapons
2594:Incendiary weapons
2553:Thunder crash bomb
2442:General references
2236:2007-12-01 at the
1667:Standing Well Back
1104:Grenade (insignia)
1042:
1021:
958:Defense Technology
880:
807:
805:concussion grenade
732:Explosive grenades
704:
670:
636:explosive material
584:
560:Russo-Japanese War
538:War of the Pacific
517:
514:American Civil War
512:, used during the
470:in the battles of
416:Mojmal al-Tawarikh
394:
343:
295:
283:
261:
181:synthetic material
32:
2561:
2560:
2205:978-1-4398-5058-9
2087:978-1-78096-400-3
2078:Osprey Publishing
1998:jnlwp.defense.gov
1946:Stars and Stripes
1706:978-1-4411-2381-7
1642:Revista de Marina
1615:978-956-9242-08-3
1581:(in Portuguese).
1387:978-962-209-188-7
1357:978-0-87220-915-2
1312:978-90-04-00621-8
1060:friction-ignitors
918:. One model, the
866:Anti-tank grenade
598:Board of Ordnance
545:Siege of Mafeking
531:ironclad warships
456:English Civil War
392:, 10th century AD
259:, Athens, Greece)
169:chemical grenades
76:in training, 2022
67:
2611:
2599:Infantry weapons
2548:Molotov cocktail
2528:Arges Type HG 84
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2464:â November 1944
2435:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
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2222:
2216:
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2209:
2189:
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2164:
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2068:
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2025:
2013:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1949:. Archived from
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:FMV announcement
1822:
1816:
1811:
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1800:
1794:
1792:FMV announcement
1789:
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1634:
1628:
1627:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1570:
1564:
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1561:
1560:
1551:. Archived from
1541:
1535:
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1499:
1491:
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1461:
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1399:
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1371:
1365:
1364:
1347:China: A History
1341:
1335:
1321:
1315:
1300:
1291:
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1287:
1273:
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1266:
1258:
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1241:
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1214:
1199:Inline citations
994:
979:
964:Chemical and gas
916:white phosphorus
892:Iraqi insurgency
885:rocket-propelled
856:) hand grenade.
774:
758:
749:
717:
708:Second World War
484:Captain Thompson
358:
357:
251:; surrounded by
213:Second World War
117:explosive charge
113:grenade launcher
89:explosive weapon
69:
68:
48:Stielhandgranate
42:
2619:
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2614:
2613:
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2564:
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2557:
2514:
2511:
2467:Popular Science
2458:
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2430:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2382:"Hand grenades"
2380:
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2238:Wayback Machine
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1992:
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1773:
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1767:Popular Science
1760:
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1294:
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1283:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1256:"Grenade"
1248:
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1234:
1232:
1215:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1169:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:Cultural impact
1072:Type 10 grenade
1030:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
995:
987:
986:
980:
966:
938:
932:
908:
868:
862:
801:Diagram of the
795:
779:
778:
777:
776:
768:
761:
760:
759:
751:
750:
739:
734:
723:
602:percussion fuze
568:
549:Second Boer War
510:Ketchum grenade
325:
319:
272:
266:
241:
225:
132:that ignites a
81:
80:
79:
78:
77:
70:
57:
53:
52:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2617:
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2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:GLI-F4 grenade
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2480:
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2457:
2456:External links
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1585:(33): 98â114.
1565:
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1486:
1456:
1447:
1426:
1409:
1400:
1386:
1366:
1356:
1336:
1316:
1292:
1277:"grenade (n.)"
1268:
1253:, ed. (1911).
1251:Chisholm, Hugh
1242:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
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1185:
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1178:Satchel charge
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1102:Main article:
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934:Main article:
931:
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888:shaped charges
874:Soviet RPG-43
864:Main article:
861:
858:
812:fortifications
794:
793:High explosive
791:
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743:
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527:Paraguayan War
375:Joseph Needham
366:Wujing Zongyao
318:
315:
265:
262:
240:
237:
224:
221:
201:anti-personnel
145:high-explosive
119:("filler"), a
71:
55:
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44:
37:
36:
35:
34:
33:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
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2580:
2579:Hand grenades
2577:
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2478:HowStuffWorks
2475:
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2460:
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2446:
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2429:
2423:
2408:
2402:
2388:on 2018-12-29
2387:
2383:
2377:
2363:on 2010-05-14
2362:
2358:
2357:"HG 85 Linie"
2352:
2338:on 2010-10-11
2337:
2333:
2327:
2313:on 2021-07-28
2312:
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2180:
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2169:
2155:on 2014-12-22
2151:
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2117:
2110:. 2019-01-30.
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2089:
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2044:
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2031:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1957:September 15,
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1886:on 2012-09-26
1885:
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1734:0-7509-1818-7
1730:
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1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1555:on 2007-09-27
1554:
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1540:
1524:
1523:
1515:
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1503:
1498:
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1474:
1470:
1469:Wenzel, Chris
1466:
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1333:0-521-32727-X
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1109:Manufacturing
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836:
832:
831:depth charges
827:
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821:
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804:
799:
790:
788:
783:
772:
767:
757:
748:
737:Fragmentation
729:
727:
721:
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715:
709:
700:
696:
694:
690:
689:fragmentation
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:William Mills
667:
663:
658:
654:
652:
647:
645:
641:
640:fragmentation
638:with an iron
637:
633:
632:No. 1 grenade
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
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605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
581:
577:
572:
563:
561:
558:) during the
557:
552:
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546:
541:
539:
534:
533:with canoes.
532:
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515:
511:
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502:
501:(1854â1856):
500:
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491:
489:
485:
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477:
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472:Killiecrankie
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314:
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311:flamethrowers
308:
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264:Pre-gunpowder
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153:stun grenades
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
126:
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118:
114:
110:
109:rifle grenade
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
75:
50:
49:
41:
28:
22:
2465:
2448:
2422:
2411:. Retrieved
2401:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:the original
2376:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:the original
2351:
2340:. Retrieved
2336:the original
2326:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2301:
2290:. Retrieved
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2256:
2245:
2226:
2214:
2194:
2187:
2168:
2157:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:The Guardian
2105:
2096:
2072:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
1997:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:the original
1944:
1934:
1924:20 September
1922:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1853:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1787:
1779:Google Books
1777:– via
1772:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1724:
1695:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1656:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1605:
1599:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1553:the original
1548:
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1521:
1514:
1501:
1489:
1472:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1436:
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1235:November 21,
1233:. Retrieved
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1056:Fuze-delayed
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912:World War II
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332:
303:Leo III
296:
280:Yuan dynasty
228:
226:
205:
155:), chemical
138:
93:hand grenade
92:
84:
82:
46:
2523:Alsetex 410
2409:. Instalaza
2056:13 December
1747:Hogg, Ian.
1393:15 February
1133:Rheinmetall
1038:M67 grenade
787:M67 grenade
769: [
651:World War I
576:World War I
556:LĂŒshun Port
543:During the
499:Crimean War
458:. The word
454:during the
452:Holt Bridge
338:Huolongjing
335:) from the
233:pomegranate
99:(explosive
74:M67 grenade
2568:Categories
2413:2017-10-02
2392:2016-09-03
2367:2010-10-09
2342:2010-10-09
2317:2017-01-05
2292:2017-01-05
2271:2017-01-05
2159:2014-12-14
2128:2017-01-05
1979:2017-01-05
1973:"WO185/23"
1890:2012-07-21
1865:2017-01-05
1774:2017-01-05
1672:2023-04-02
1647:2023-04-02
1624:1318788961
1559:2006-08-09
1306:. Leiden.
1286:2017-01-05
1194:References
1076:Mills bomb
936:Blast ball
924:Home Guard
906:Incendiary
706:After the
685:Birmingham
681:Mills bomb
677:Sunderland
668:from 1915.
662:Mills bomb
589:War Office
580:Mills bomb
476:Glen Shiel
444:grenadiers
437:Ingolstadt
430:The first
421:terracotta
386:fire lance
347:Song China
321:See also:
307:Greek fire
291:Ingolstadt
268:See also:
249:Greek fire
141:shockwaves
101:projectile
2543:Khattabka
1591:2763-6267
1579:Navigator
1481:0042-9945
1417:"Grenade"
1173:Pipe bomb
1151:Instalaza
1129:(Belgium)
1123:(Germany)
860:Anti-tank
816:buildings
720:Great War
649:Early in
490:in 1721.
468:Jacobites
432:cast-iron
361:gunpowder
317:Gunpowder
293:, Germany
227:The word
223:Etymology
197:splinters
149:anti-tank
121:detonator
2574:Grenades
2288:. Jane's
2262:"Baiano"
2234:Archived
2047:Archived
2022:Academia
1918:BBC News
1506:Archived
1314:, p. 107
1229:Archived
1167:See also
1162:(Turkey)
1147:(Norway)
1028:Igniters
1011:Practice
666:trenches
495:trenches
448:grenados
403:shĂ©n huÇ
390:Dunhuang
253:caltrops
217:Cold War
209:leverage
189:fragment
157:aerosols
2476:â from
2179:YouTube
1529:28 July
1153:(Spain)
1092:springs
1064:strike-
1003:grenade
910:During
878:grenade
839:frogmen
764:Modern
547:in the
460:grenade
239:History
229:grenade
185:rupture
125:striker
111:) or a
85:grenade
2202:
2084:
1731:
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1622:
1612:
1608:. : .
1589:
1479:
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1354:
1331:
1310:
1049:Impact
1001:CS gas
943:CS gas
407:mu pĂ o
193:shards
130:primer
107:(as a
87:is an
2431:(PDF)
2153:(PDF)
2146:(PDF)
2050:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
1145:Nammo
1127:Mecar
1121:Diehl
930:Sting
854:ET-MP
835:Mk 40
820:Mk3A2
803:Mk3A2
773:]
171:) or
161:smoke
105:rifle
97:shell
2200:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2058:2014
1959:2015
1926:2016
1729:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1620:OCLC
1610:ISBN
1587:ISSN
1531:2017
1477:ISSN
1395:2013
1382:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1237:2023
1160:MKEK
1139:Ruag
998:M7A2
876:HEAT
844:The
824:open
766:DM51
693:grip
660:The
644:fuze
474:and
425:fuse
419:, a
215:and
195:and
187:and
173:fire
167:and
151:and
134:fuze
1419:at
1066:or
1036:An
983:M18
814:or
399:pĂ o
356:é怩é·
353:' (
345:In
165:gas
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