20:
251:
533:
3816:
406:
3583:
3571:
3607:
3595:
428:, women have less access compared to men to productive resources, financial capital, and advisory services. They often tend to be excluded from decision making which may impact on their adoption of technologies and practices that could help them adapt to climatic conditions. A gender-responsive approach to CSA tries to identify and address the diverse constraints faced by men and women and recognizes their specific capabilities.
266:. Ruminant cattle for beef and dairy rank high in greenhouse gas emissions. In comparison, monogastric, or pigs and poultry-related foods, are lower. The consumption of the monogastric types may yield less emissions. Monogastric animals have a higher feed-conversion efficiency and also do not produce as much methane. Non-ruminant livestock, such as poultry, emit far fewer greenhouse gases.
511:
The
Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate (AIM for Climate/AIM4C) is a 5-year initiative to 2025, organized jointly by the UN, US and UAE. The objective is to rally around climate-smart agriculture and food system innovations. It has attracted some 500 government and non-government organizations
268:
There are many strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture (this is one of the goals of climate-smart agriculture). Mitigation measures in the food system can be divided into four categories. These are demand-side changes, ecosystem protections, mitigation on farms, and mitigation
502:
research programme has created a focus on CSA and climate-smart farming within the EU. Projects deal with co-creation among stakeholders to change behavior and understanding within agricultural value chains. Investigative CSA studies on pig, dairy, fruit, vegetable and grain farms have been carried
497:
Policy. A critical assessment of progress was carried out using different multi-criteria indices covering socio-economic, technical and environmental factors. The results indicated that the most advanced CSA countries within the EU are
Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands. The countries with the
523:
as part of the AIM4C summit in May 2023 called for a number of actions: Integration of initiatives from the partner organizations, enabling innovative financing, production of radical policy and governance reform based on evidence. And lastly, promotion of project monitoring, evaluation, and
498:
lowest levels of CSA penetration are Cyprus, Greece and
Portugal. Key factors included labor productivity, female ownership of farmland, level of education, degree of poverty and social exclusion, energy consumption/efficiency and biomass/crop productivity. The
336:. The overall goal of carbon farming is to create a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere. This is done by increasing the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material. One option is to increase the
151:
CSA has the following three objectives: "sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions".
302:
Strategies and methods for CSA should be specific to the local contexts where they are employed. They should include capacity-building for participants in order to offset the higher costs of implementation.
108:
There are attempts to mainstream CSA into core government policies and planning frameworks. In order for CSA policies to be effective, they must contribute to broader economic growth and poverty reduction.
568:
Livestock production (beef, pork, chicken, sheep and milk) alone accounts for 60% of total global food system GHG emissions. Rice, maize and wheat stand for 25% of the global emissions from food systems.
180:
accounts for 80% of global agriculture. Many of the 852 million poor people in the world live in parts of Asia and Africa that depend on rainfall to cultivate food crops. Climate change will modify
609:
Contradictions surrounding practical value of CSA among consumers and suppliers may be the reason why the
European Union is lagging with CSA implementation compared to other areas of the world.
1175:
1238:
Parmar, N.R.; Nirmal Kumar, J.I.; Joshi, C.G. (2015). "Exploring diet-dependent shifts in methanogen and methanotroph diversity in the rumen of
Mehsani buffalo by a metagenomics approach".
1917:
136:." and "CSA is an integrated approach to managing landscapes—cropland, livestock, forests and fisheries--that address the interlinked challenges of food security and climate change."
1868:
128:
The World Bank described climate-smart agriculture (CSA) as follows: "CSA is a set of agricultural practices and technologies which simultaneously boost productivity, enhance
3307:
2011:"Barriers to the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations for climate-smart agriculture in Europe: evidence from the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Italy"
1893:
969:
Berthouly-Salazar, Cécile; Vigouroux, Yves; Billot, Claire; Scarcelli, Nora; Jankowski, Frédérique; Kane, Ndjido Ardo; Barnaud, Adeline; Burgarella, Concetta (2019).
74:
approaches). Climate-smart agriculture works as an integrated approach to managing land. This approach helps farmers to adapt their agricultural methods (for raising
3483:
1095:
Friel, Sharon; Dangour, Alan D.; Garnett, Tara; et al. (2009). "Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: food and agriculture".
222:
and another is to build local rainwater storage. Using small planting basins to harvest water in
Zimbabwe has boosted maize yields. This happens whether rainfall is
3151:
2608:
289:. Several methods are also under investigation to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming. These include genetic selection, introduction of
593:. CSA can be seen as a meaningless label that is applicable to virtually anything, and this is deliberate as it is meant to conceal the social, political and
3324:
1673:
755:
2760:
2581:
3645:
2755:
799:
1183:
2623:
1646:
737:
439:
FAO has identified several tools for countries and individuals to assess, monitor and evaluate integral parts of CSA planning and implementation:
311:
Carbon farming is one of the components of climate-smart agriculture and aims at reducing or removing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.
196:
storage. Extended drought can cause the failure of small and marginal farms. This results in increased economic, political and social disruption.
2555:
1794:
898:
169:
2264:
513:
2497:
89:
There are different actions to adapt to the future challenges for crops and livestock. For example, with regard to rising temperatures and
2381:
4127:
3875:
3849:
2645:
2598:
512:
around the world and about US$ 10 billion from governments and US$ 3 billion from other sources. The initiative was introduced during
207:
during flowering, pollination, and grain-filling harms most crops. It is particularly harmful to corn, soybeans, and wheat. Increased
3524:
2640:
2220:
243:
67:
1273:
352:
is another tool that is used in carbon farming. Carbon farming is one component of climate-smart agriculture. It is also one way to
2855:
2571:
2289:
2066:
913:
618:
585:. Until those certifications are created and met, skeptics are concerned that big businesses will just continue to use the name to
410:
156:
47:
4142:
3211:
3000:
2163:
710:
1345:
Eckard, R. J.; et al. (2010). "Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A review".
3638:
2860:
2823:
2677:
2662:
2576:
2225:
2169:
232:. It is possible to adapt food systems to improve food security and prevent negative impacts from climate change in the future.
3519:
2657:
1385:
953:
881:
3541:
2492:
2487:
3022:
2800:
2618:
2545:
2535:
2518:
2425:
2232:
1450:
594:
2550:
1769:
577:
The greatest concern with CSA is that no universally acceptable standard exists against which those who call themselves
4147:
3951:
3451:
3312:
3269:
2765:
94:
3860:
3631:
3378:
3254:
3071:
2269:
653:
1716:"The Progress of the Development of a Climate-smart Agriculture in Europe: Is there Cohesion in the European Union?"
1610:
3611:
3249:
3229:
3176:
3128:
2185:
1944:
Costa, Ciniro; Wollenberg, Eva; Benitez, Mauricio; Newman, Richard; Gardner, Nick; Bellone, Federico (2022-09-05).
1918:"Enabling innovation for breakthroughs in agriculture: Key recommendations as the AIM for Climate Summit kicks off"
1053:
3941:
3865:
3838:
3718:
3688:
3368:
3319:
2745:
2707:
2652:
2117:
1660:
1206:
3436:
2720:
2472:
431:
Climate-smart agriculture presents opportunities for women in agriculture to engage in sustainable production.
823:"Role of existing and emerging technologies in advancing climate-smart agriculture through modeling: A review"
4137:
3546:
3081:
2613:
791:
349:
3529:
3201:
2730:
2725:
2630:
2502:
2059:
1163:
Emissions Gap Report 2022: The
Closing Window — Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies
3723:
2740:
2588:
1028:
416:
To increase the effectiveness and sustainability of CSA interventions, they must be designed to address
277:
is an effective way to reduce food emissions. Changes to a diet less reliant on animal products such as
4081:
4020:
3599:
3363:
3166:
3123:
2896:
2818:
2672:
493:
The EU has promoted the development of climate-smart agriculture and forestry practices as part of the
250:
2010:
822:
536:
Global food systems GHG emissions in 2020 for different agriculture sectors in terms of gigatons of CO
254:
One quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture (data from 2019).
4076:
4061:
3794:
3678:
3468:
3143:
3118:
3091:
3053:
2788:
2635:
2593:
2343:
2112:
2107:
2102:
1642:
733:
590:
400:
83:
55:
43:
2983:
4066:
4010:
3779:
3764:
3738:
3654:
3478:
3473:
3463:
3404:
3244:
2750:
2715:
2603:
2530:
2371:
2200:
2136:
2097:
917:
470:
133:
3789:
3774:
3759:
3587:
3509:
3419:
3161:
3133:
2813:
2467:
2445:
2052:
458:
1686:
1575:
4132:
4056:
3784:
3753:
3743:
3668:
3186:
3006:
2948:
2865:
2850:
2735:
2376:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
683:
353:
341:
200:
19:
1380:. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2016. pp. 43–66.
643:
641:
639:
3968:
3935:
3804:
3575:
3221:
3098:
2906:
2361:
2284:
409:
Woman picking peas in the Mount Kenya region, for the Two
Degrees Up project, to look at the
532:
4106:
4036:
4026:
3963:
3899:
3713:
3683:
3414:
3292:
2953:
2523:
2450:
1957:
1536:"Forestry-based carbon sequestration projects in Africa: Potential benefits and challenges"
1492:
1414:
1162:
1138:
868:
Lipper, Leslie; McCarthy, Nancy; Zilberman, David; Asfaw, Solomon; Branca, Giacomo (2018).
636:
464:
425:
332:
1301:"Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review"
8:
4091:
4086:
4041:
4000:
3930:
3431:
3206:
2435:
2430:
1628:
1480:
1331:
Martin, C. et al. 2010. Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale.
1225:"The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions: a review"
1224:
873:
708:
494:
488:
417:
337:
177:
1961:
1496:
1418:
1072:"Food production is responsible for one-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions"
3909:
3891:
3880:
3844:
3799:
3769:
3259:
3191:
3108:
2958:
2923:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2440:
1986:
1945:
1894:"Insight: AIM4C – Revolutionising Agriculture for Climate Resilience and Food Security"
1869:"Biden hails UAE partnership for advancing agricultural innovation and improving lives"
1751:
1516:
1255:
1120:
1005:
970:
850:
606:
reported that climate-smart agriculture had been criticized as a form of greenwashing.
545:
226:
or scarce. And in Niger they have led to three or fourfold increases in millet yields.
129:
51:
1108:
424:
against people at risk. Women farmers are more prone to climate risk than men are. In
3956:
3833:
3493:
3156:
2901:
2667:
2455:
2418:
2205:
2159:
2030:
1991:
1973:
1755:
1743:
1735:
1557:
1552:
1535:
1520:
1508:
1432:
1381:
1139:"The carbon footprint of foods: are differences explained by the impacts of methane?"
1112:
1010:
992:
949:
877:
854:
842:
763:
278:
219:
1479:
Almaraz, Maya; Wong, Michelle Y.; Geoghegan, Emily K.; Houlton, Benjamin Z. (2021).
1259:
1088:
4051:
4005:
3972:
3946:
3920:
3870:
3854:
3708:
3703:
3673:
3536:
3103:
3086:
3027:
2918:
2682:
2401:
2274:
2210:
2022:
1981:
1965:
1727:
1547:
1500:
1422:
1354:
1312:
1247:
1155:
1124:
1104:
1000:
982:
834:
648:
286:
140:
63:
3815:
2026:
1251:
199:
Water availability strongly influences all kinds of agriculture. Changes in total
4071:
4046:
3914:
3904:
3488:
3409:
3373:
3302:
3276:
3264:
3181:
3113:
2988:
2845:
2462:
2413:
2391:
1358:
943:
838:
282:
223:
218:
There are many adaptation options. One is to develop crop varieties with greater
204:
1427:
1402:
1071:
971:"Adaptive Introgression: An Untapped Evolutionary Mechanism for Crop Adaptation"
3995:
3977:
3748:
3728:
3693:
3441:
3297:
3239:
3234:
3076:
2965:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2540:
2477:
2215:
2195:
2154:
2075:
1969:
1731:
1374:
The State of Food and
Agriculture Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
821:
Gupta, Debaditya; Gujre, Nihal; Singha, Siddhartha; Mitra, Sudip (2022-11-01).
499:
421:
387:
323:
316:
229:
189:
176:
Climate change is altering global rainfall patterns. This affects agriculture.
139:
FAO's definition is: "CSA is an approach that helps guide actions to transform
102:
71:
39:
4121:
3733:
3698:
3514:
3446:
3171:
2993:
2978:
2913:
2808:
2034:
1977:
1739:
1715:
1561:
1512:
1481:"A review of carbon farming impacts on nitrogen cycling, retention, and loss"
1458:
1436:
996:
846:
767:
383:
270:
212:
193:
59:
38:) is a set of farming methods that has three main objectives with regards to
1795:"Demonstration network on climate-smart farming – linking research stations"
987:
405:
4096:
4015:
3623:
3399:
3196:
2840:
2830:
2482:
2366:
2279:
1995:
1747:
1116:
1014:
623:
602:
586:
290:
117:
1372:
293:
into the rumen, vaccines, feeds, diet modification and grazing management.
27:
poses in front of a mango field that is a part of a
Climate Smart Village.
4031:
3426:
2943:
2935:
2190:
1946:"Roadmap for achieving net-zero emissions in global food systems by 2050"
1603:
1274:"Kowbucha, seaweed, vaccines: the race to reduce cows' methane emissions"
968:
503:
out in Denmark, Germany, Spain, Netherlands and Lithuania, respectively.
379:
259:
208:
185:
90:
3458:
2835:
1504:
945:
Balancing Water for Humans and Nature: The New Approach in Ecohydrology
688:
345:
274:
1604:"How to integrate gender issues in climate-smart agriculture projects"
4101:
3824:
2408:
890:
452:
Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture (EPIC)
443:
Modelling System for Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change (MOSAICC)
75:
1317:
1300:
170:
Climate change adaptation § Changed rainfall patterns in agriculture
263:
181:
98:
555:
lowered GHG-emission practices by increasing production efficiency
527:
3925:
2386:
2044:
1843:
756:"Why 'climate-smart agriculture' isn't all it's cracked up to be"
375:
371:
363:
359:
326:
is a set of agricultural methods that aim to store carbon in the
24:
382:, and changing the crop types. Methods used in forestry include
258:
Farm animals' digestive systems can be put into two categories:
155:
Others describe the objectives as follows: mitigate the adverse
3394:
1401:
Nath, Arun Jyoti; Lal, Rattan; Das, Ashesh Kumar (2015-01-01).
870:
Climate Smart Agriculture Building Resilience to Climate Change
709:
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).
449:
Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture (SAFA) system
1819:
1403:"Managing woody bamboos for carbon farming and carbon trading"
942:
Falkenmark, Malin; Rockstrom, Johan; Rockström, Johan (2004).
358:
Agricultural methods for carbon farming include adjusting how
330:, crop roots, wood and leaves. The technical term for this is
3308:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
2396:
2009:
Long, Thomas B.; Blok, Vincent; Coninx, Ingrid (2016-01-20).
558:
increased sequestration of carbon in croplands and grasslands
520:
506:
367:
1943:
941:
867:
564:
taking on "new-horizon" technologies within the food systems
1478:
327:
79:
1527:
3484:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
544:
Several actors are involved in creating pathways towards
1770:"Climate Action (Horizon Europe) - European Commission"
1626:
1443:
1237:
1094:
473:
and Mitigation Potential in Agriculture (MAGHG) project
446:
Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM)
3325:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1643:"Climate-Smart Agriculture Methods & Assessments"
1054:"Adapting to climate change to sustain food security"
820:
215:
in the plants themselves will cause moisture stress.
159:, stabilize crop production, maximize food security.
1029:"Diverse water sources key to food security: report"
236:
561:
shifting of human diets away from livestock protein
1714:Morkunas, Mangirdas; Volkov, Artiom (2023-06-01).
1534:Jindal, Rohit; Swallow, Brent; Kerr, John (2008).
1207:"Canada Is Using Genetics to Make Cows Less Gassy"
203:or its pattern of variability are both important.
1533:
734:"Climate-Smart Agriculture Policies and planning"
340:content. This can also aid plant growth, improve
4119:
3525:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
899:"Dealing with Climate Change at the Local Level"
589:their organizations—or provide a false sense of
162:
143:towards green and climate resilient practices."
528:Global Roadmap to 2050 for Food and Agriculture
2008:
1713:
228:Climate change can threaten food security and
70:as much as possible (for example by following
3639:
2265:History of climate change policy and politics
2060:
1161:United Nations Environment Programme (2022).
792:"The Debate Over 'Climate-Smart' Agriculture"
394:
3653:
2382:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
1576:"Two Degrees Up: climate change photofilms"
3646:
3632:
3606:
3594:
3051:
2067:
2053:
1485:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1400:
1058:International Livestock Research Institute
507:Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate
103:appropriate housing and spacing for cattle
3346:
3152:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
2290:United Nations Climate Change conferences
1985:
1551:
1451:"Carbon Farming | Carbon Cycle Institute"
1426:
1316:
1004:
986:
354:remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
244:Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
68:greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
3739:Environmentally healthy community design
2856:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
1866:
914:American Institute of Chemical Engineers
896:
753:
619:Effects of climate change on agriculture
531:
411:effects of climate change on agriculture
404:
249:
157:impacts of climate change on agriculture
48:effects of climate change on agriculture
18:
3212:National Adaptation Programme of Action
3001:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
1891:
1674:Brochure Climate Smart Agriculture 2021
789:
281:are also effective. This could include
4120:
2861:Economics of climate change mitigation
2824:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
2342:
2170:Scientific consensus on climate change
1344:
1176:"Bovine Genomics | Genome Canada"
482:
3627:
3520:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
3345:
3050:
2786:
2341:
2253:
2134:
2086:
2048:
1939:
1937:
1709:
1707:
1629:"Gender in Climate-Smart Agriculture"
1598:
1596:
1298:
597:of the different technology choices.
3542:Representative Concentration Pathway
2488:Tipping points in the climate system
2164:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
1627:World Bank Group; FAO; IFAD (2015).
785:
783:
754:Anderson, Teresa (17 October 2014).
749:
747:
711:"What is Climate Smart Agriculture?"
678:
676:
674:
672:
477:
455:Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT)
16:System for agricultural productivity
3313:Nationally determined contributions
3023:Individual action on climate change
2233:World energy supply and consumption
1204:
897:Jennings, Paul A. (February 2008).
434:
13:
3876:waste-water treatment technologies
3452:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
2074:
1934:
1704:
1593:
93:, CSA can include the planting of
54:). Secondly, they aim to increase
14:
4159:
4128:Food and Agriculture Organization
3861:agricultural wastewater treatment
3379:Satellite temperature measurement
2984:forestry for carbon sequestration
2270:History of climate change science
790:Schmitt, Talia (April 27, 2016).
780:
744:
669:
654:Food and Agriculture Organization
306:
237:Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
116:has been criticized as a form of
3814:
3605:
3593:
3582:
3581:
3569:
3230:Climate Change Performance Index
2609:Destruction of cultural heritage
1892:Service, SME News (2023-07-18).
1649:from the original on 2016-04-07.
1616:from the original on 2020-10-21.
1553:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00176.x
776:– via www.theguardian.com.
740:from the original on 2016-03-31.
315:This section is an excerpt from
242:This section is an excerpt from
168:This section is an excerpt from
3942:List of energy storage projects
3866:industrial wastewater treatment
3719:Environmental impact assessment
3689:Environmental impact assessment
3369:Instrumental temperature record
3320:Sustainable Development Goal 13
2002:
1910:
1898:Sustainability Middle East News
1885:
1860:
1836:
1812:
1787:
1762:
1679:
1667:
1653:
1635:
1620:
1568:
1472:
1407:Global Ecology and Conservation
1394:
1365:
1338:
1325:
1292:
1266:
1231:
1217:
1198:
1168:
1131:
1064:
1046:
1021:
962:
935:
802:from the original on 2016-04-28
551:Four areas of focus relate to:
273:. On the demand side, limiting
4143:Climate change and agriculture
3437:Climate variability and change
2787:
2473:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
1661:"Sustainability Pathways: FAQ"
861:
814:
726:
702:
211:from the soil and accelerated
66:. Thirdly, they try to reduce
1:
3547:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
3082:Climate emergency declaration
2027:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.044
2015:Journal of Cleaner Production
1252:10.1080/21553769.2015.1063550
1109:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61753-0
948:. Earthscan. pp. 67–68.
906:Chemical Engineering Progress
629:
469:Monitoring and Assessment of
350:Sustainable forest management
297:
163:Increasing climate resilience
146:
123:
36:climate resilient agriculture
3530:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
2756:Middle East and North Africa
2087:
1867:National, The (2023-05-11).
1359:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.010
839:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101805
572:
52:resilience to climate change
7:
3724:Environmental impact design
2254:
1428:10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.002
684:"Climate-Smart Agriculture"
649:"Climate-Smart Agriculture"
612:
10:
4164:
4082:High-performance buildings
3364:Global surface temperature
3255:Popular culture depictions
3167:Ecosystem-based adaptation
2897:Carbon capture and storage
2819:Carbon offsets and credits
2135:
1970:10.1038/s41598-022-18601-1
1732:10.1007/s00267-022-01782-w
1213:– via www.wired.com.
975:Frontiers in Plant Science
595:environmental implications
486:
398:
395:Gender-responsive approach
314:
241:
167:
46:methods to respond to the
4148:Climate change adaptation
4077:Heat recovery ventilation
4062:Environmental remediation
3987:
3890:
3823:
3812:
3679:Climate smart agriculture
3661:
3576:Climate change portal
3563:
3502:
3469:Extreme event attribution
3387:
3356:
3352:
3341:
3285:
3220:
3142:
3092:School Strike for Climate
3064:
3060:
3046:
3015:
2971:Climate-smart agriculture
2932:
2889:
2799:
2795:
2782:
2706:
2564:
2511:
2354:
2350:
2337:
2260:
2249:
2178:
2147:
2143:
2130:
2113:Climate change adaptation
2108:Climate change mitigation
2103:Effects of climate change
2093:
2082:
1240:Frontiers in Life Science
591:environmental stewardship
401:Climate change and gender
114:climate-smart agriculture
84:effects of climate change
56:agricultural productivity
32:Climate-smart agriculture
4067:Glass in green buildings
4011:sustainable architecture
3655:Environmental technology
3479:Global warming potential
3286:International agreements
2933:Preserving and enhancing
2372:Arctic methane emissions
2294:Years in climate change
2201:Greenhouse gas emissions
2098:Causes of climate change
1720:Environmental Management
548:in global food systems.
471:Greenhouse Gas Emissions
3510:Climate change scenario
3162:Disaster risk reduction
2814:Carbon emission trading
2624:U.S. insurance industry
2599:Civilizational collapse
2446:sea surface temperature
1540:Natural Resources Forum
988:10.3389/fpls.2019.00004
916:: 40–44. Archived from
459:Climate Risk Management
366:is done, using organic
291:methanotrophic bacteria
4057:Environmental movement
3754:Sustainability science
3744:Public interest design
3669:Appropriate technology
3503:Research and modelling
3187:Nature-based solutions
3007:Nature-based solutions
2949:Carbon dioxide removal
2866:Fossil fuel divestment
2851:Climate risk insurance
2761:Small island countries
2377:Arctic sea ice decline
1799:Horizon-europe.gouv.fr
827:Ecological Informatics
541:
413:
255:
201:seasonal precipitation
101:, boundary trees, and
28:
3936:hydrogen technologies
3850:Solid waste treatment
3464:Earth's energy budget
3347:Background and theory
3235:Climate crisis (term)
2907:Fossil fuel phase-out
2801:Economics and finance
2766:by individual country
2708:By country and region
2683:Security and conflict
2678:Psychological impacts
2362:Abrupt climate change
2285:Charles David Keeling
2118:By country and region
1848:www.aimforclimate.org
1687:"European Green Deal"
872:. Cham, Switzerland:
656:of the United Nations
535:
487:Further information:
408:
338:soil's organic matter
253:
22:
4138:Climate action plans
4107:Water heat recycling
4037:Efficient energy use
4027:Conservation biology
3964:Sustainable lighting
3900:Efficient energy use
3714:Environmental Design
3684:Environmental design
3293:Glasgow Climate Pact
2954:Carbon sequestration
2524:Mass mortality event
1691:climate.ec.europa.eu
1335:4 : pp 351-365.
581:are actually acting
465:Gender mainstreaming
426:developing countries
344:capacity and reduce
342:soil water retention
333:carbon sequestration
120:for big businesses.
42:. Firstly, they use
4092:Nature conservation
4087:Land rehabilitation
4042:Energy conservation
3931:carbon-neutral fuel
3839:dispersion modeling
3432:Climate sensitivity
3207:The Adaptation Fund
2663:Infectious diseases
2565:Social and economic
1962:2022NatSR..1215064C
1820:"Beatles • Beatles"
1497:2021NYASA1505..102A
1455:www.carboncycle.org
1419:2015GEcoC...3..654N
1280:. 30 September 2021
1180:www.genomecanada.ca
1103:(9706): 2016–2025.
1060:. 16 November 2020.
495:European Green Deal
489:European Green Deal
483:European Green Deal
418:gender inequalities
178:Rainfed agriculture
3910:Energy development
3892:Sustainable energy
3881:water purification
3845:Industrial ecology
3003:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
2975:Forest management
2959:Direct air capture
2924:Sustainable energy
2881:Net zero emissions
2876:Low-carbon economy
2871:Green Climate Fund
2658:Indigenous peoples
2556:Plant biodiversity
2344:Effects and issues
1950:Scientific Reports
1774:cinea.ec.europa.eu
1505:10.1111/nyas.14690
923:on 1 December 2008
546:net-zero emissions
542:
414:
256:
50:(this also builds
29:
23:A local farmer in
4115:
4114:
3952:commercialization
3621:
3620:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3494:Radiative forcing
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3157:Adaptive capacity
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
2902:Energy transition
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2493:Tropical cyclones
2419:Urban heat island
2333:
2332:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2206:Carbon accounting
2160:Greenhouse effect
2126:
2125:
1844:"AIM for Climate"
1387:978-92-5-109374-0
1347:Livestock Science
1305:Can. J. Anim. Sci
1299:Boadi, D (2004).
1186:on 10 August 2019
1143:Our World in Data
1076:Our World in Data
955:978-1-85383-926-9
883:978-3-319-61193-8
478:Major initiatives
287:meat alternatives
279:plant-based diets
220:drought tolerance
141:agri-food systems
4155:
4052:Energy recycling
3973:electric vehicle
3947:Renewable energy
3921:alternative fuel
3871:sewage treatment
3855:Waste management
3818:
3709:Energy recycling
3704:Electric vehicle
3674:Clean technology
3648:
3641:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3609:
3608:
3597:
3596:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3537:Paleoclimatology
3354:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3104:Ecological grief
3087:Climate movement
3062:
3061:
3048:
3047:
3028:Plant-based diet
2919:Renewable energy
2797:
2796:
2784:
2783:
2619:Economic impacts
2546:Invasive species
2402:Coastal flooding
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2275:Svante Arrhenius
2251:
2250:
2221:from agriculture
2211:Carbon footprint
2196:Greenhouse gases
2145:
2144:
2132:
2131:
2084:
2083:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1726:(6): 1111–1127.
1711:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1457:. Archived from
1447:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1205:Airhart, Ellen.
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1172:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1008:
990:
966:
960:
959:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
922:
903:
894:
888:
887:
865:
859:
858:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
787:
778:
777:
775:
774:
751:
742:
741:
730:
724:
723:
721:
720:
715:
706:
700:
699:
697:
696:
680:
667:
666:
664:
663:
645:
435:Monitoring tools
283:milk substitutes
97:crop varieties,
64:world population
4163:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4072:Green computing
4047:Energy recovery
3983:
3915:Energy recovery
3905:Electrification
3886:
3832:Air pollution (
3819:
3810:
3657:
3652:
3622:
3617:
3570:
3568:
3551:
3498:
3489:Orbital forcing
3383:
3348:
3329:
3303:Paris Agreement
3281:
3277:Warming stripes
3216:
3182:Managed retreat
3177:Loss and damage
3138:
3072:Business action
3056:
3034:
3011:
2934:
2928:
2885:
2846:Climate finance
2791:
2770:
2702:
2560:
2536:Extinction risk
2512:Flora and fauna
2507:
2468:Permafrost thaw
2463:Ozone depletion
2392:Extreme weather
2346:
2329:
2256:
2237:
2174:
2139:
2122:
2089:
2078:
2073:
2043:
2042:
2007:
2003:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1580:ccafs.cgiar.org
1574:
1573:
1569:
1532:
1528:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1318:10.4141/a03-109
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1022:
967:
963:
956:
940:
936:
926:
924:
920:
901:
895:
891:
884:
866:
862:
819:
815:
805:
803:
796:Pulitzer Center
788:
781:
772:
770:
752:
745:
732:
731:
727:
718:
716:
713:
707:
703:
694:
692:
682:
681:
670:
661:
659:
647:
646:
637:
632:
615:
575:
539:
530:
509:
491:
485:
480:
437:
422:discriminations
403:
397:
392:
391:
374:, working with
320:
309:
300:
295:
294:
247:
239:
234:
233:
205:Moisture stress
173:
165:
149:
126:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4161:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3978:hybrid vehicle
3975:
3969:Transportation
3966:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3749:Sustainability
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Green building
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:Eco-innovation
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3442:Cloud feedback
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3300:
3298:Kyoto Protocol
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3250:Media coverage
3247:
3242:
3240:Climate spiral
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3129:Public opinion
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3079:
3077:Climate action
3074:
3068:
3066:
3058:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2989:REDD and REDD+
2986:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2966:Carbon farming
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2698:Water security
2695:
2693:Water scarcity
2690:
2688:Urban flooding
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Forest dieback
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Sea level rise
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2451:stratification
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Carbon leakage
2213:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2155:Climate system
2151:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2080:
2079:
2076:Climate change
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2001:
1933:
1909:
1884:
1859:
1835:
1811:
1786:
1761:
1703:
1693:. 14 July 2021
1678:
1666:
1652:
1634:
1619:
1592:
1567:
1546:(2): 116–130.
1526:
1491:(1): 102–117.
1471:
1442:
1393:
1386:
1364:
1353:(1–3): 47–56.
1337:
1324:
1311:(3): 319–335.
1291:
1265:
1246:(4): 371–378.
1230:
1216:
1197:
1167:
1154:
1130:
1087:
1063:
1045:
1020:
961:
954:
934:
889:
882:
876:. p. 13.
860:
813:
779:
743:
725:
701:
668:
634:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
621:
614:
611:
574:
571:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
537:
529:
526:
508:
505:
500:Horizon Europe
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
467:
462:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
436:
433:
396:
393:
388:bamboo farming
362:and livestock
324:Carbon farming
321:
317:Carbon farming
313:
308:
307:Carbon farming
305:
299:
296:
248:
240:
238:
235:
230:water security
174:
166:
164:
161:
148:
145:
125:
122:
72:carbon farming
62:for a growing
58:and to ensure
40:climate change
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4160:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:Food security
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
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4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4021:New Classical
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3976:
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3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
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3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:refurbishment
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:Sustainable (
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Green vehicle
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Ecotechnology
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
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3672:
3670:
3667:
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3566:
3565:
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3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:Climate model
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:Cloud forcing
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
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3408:
3406:
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3401:
3398:
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3377:
3375:
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3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3340:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3222:Communication
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Vulnerability
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Flood control
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
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3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
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3083:
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3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
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3063:
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3055:
3049:
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3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:reforestation
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:afforestation
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
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2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Nuclear power
2912:
2908:
2905:
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2900:
2898:
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2888:
2882:
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2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Carbon budget
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
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2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2646:Mental health
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2582:United States
2580:
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2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
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2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
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2520:
2517:
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2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
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2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:deoxygenation
2434:
2432:
2431:acidification
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
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2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:from wetlands
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Deforestation
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
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2101:
2099:
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2077:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1899:
1895:
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1498:
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1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1461:on 2021-05-21
1460:
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864:
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828:
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797:
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691:
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657:
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625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
610:
607:
605:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:climate-smart
570:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
547:
534:
525:
522:
517:
515:
504:
501:
496:
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472:
468:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
441:
440:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
412:
407:
402:
389:
385:
384:reforestation
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
318:
312:
304:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:supply chains
267:
265:
261:
252:
245:
231:
227:
225:
221:
216:
214:
213:transpiration
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
194:soil moisture
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
160:
158:
153:
144:
142:
137:
135:
134:GHG emissions
131:
121:
119:
115:
110:
106:
104:
100:
96:
95:heat tolerant
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:food security
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
4097:Permaculture
4016:New Urbanism
3988:Conservation
3780:food systems
3765:architecture
3610:
3598:
3586:
3567:
3400:Carbon cycle
3357:Measurements
3052:Society and
2970:
2936:carbon sinks
2841:Climate debt
2831:Carbon price
2653:Human rights
2483:Season creep
2441:heat content
2367:Anoxic event
2280:James Hansen
2018:
2014:
2004:
1956:(1): 15064.
1953:
1949:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1873:The National
1872:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:
1814:
1803:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1778:. Retrieved
1776:. 2024-04-03
1773:
1764:
1723:
1719:
1695:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1676:ec.europa.eu
1669:
1655:
1637:
1622:
1584:. Retrieved
1582:. 2013-06-18
1579:
1570:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:the original
1454:
1445:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1373:
1367:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:The Guardian
1277:
1268:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1219:
1210:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1179:
1170:
1157:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1133:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1037:. Retrieved
1035:. 2010-09-06
1032:
1023:
978:
974:
964:
944:
937:
925:. Retrieved
918:the original
909:
905:
892:
869:
863:
830:
826:
816:
804:. Retrieved
795:
771:. Retrieved
760:The Guardian
759:
728:
717:. Retrieved
704:
693:. Retrieved
687:
660:. Retrieved
658:. 2019-06-19
652:
624:Agroindustry
608:
603:The Guardian
601:
599:
582:
578:
576:
567:
550:
543:
518:
516:in Glasgow.
510:
492:
438:
430:
415:
331:
322:
310:
301:
257:
217:
198:
175:
154:
150:
138:
127:
118:greenwashing
113:
111:
107:
88:
35:
31:
30:
4032:Ecoforestry
3790:procurement
3775:development
3760:agriculture
3427:Carbon sink
3405:atmospheric
3270:video games
2944:Blue carbon
2572:Agriculture
2551:Marine life
2498:Water cycle
2456:temperature
2191:Fossil fuel
1801:(in French)
1413:: 654–663.
927:29 February
540:equivalents
380:terra preta
260:monogastric
209:evaporation
186:evaporation
132:and reduce
91:heat stress
4122:Categories
4001:insulation
3994:Building (
3957:transition
3800:technology
3785:industries
3459:Cryosphere
3420:permafrost
3192:Resilience
3144:Adaptation
3119:Litigation
3109:Governance
3054:adaptation
2836:Carbon tax
2789:Mitigation
2726:Antarctica
2614:Disability
1927:2023-08-13
1903:2023-08-13
1878:2023-08-13
1853:2023-08-13
1829:2024-06-10
1805:2024-06-18
1780:2024-06-10
1697:2023-08-13
1586:2023-08-14
1465:2018-04-27
1284:1 December
1165:. Nairobi.
1148:2023-04-14
1097:The Lancet
1081:2023-07-20
1039:2023-02-08
833:: 101805.
773:2019-07-26
719:2022-06-04
695:2019-07-26
689:World Bank
662:2019-07-26
630:References
399:See also:
346:fertilizer
298:Strategies
275:food waste
147:Objectives
130:resilience
124:Definition
44:adaptation
34:(CSA) (or
4102:Recycling
3825:Pollution
3805:transport
3474:Feedbacks
3245:Education
2746:Caribbean
2741:Australia
2668:Migration
2631:Fisheries
2577:Livestock
2503:Wildfires
2409:Heat wave
2035:0959-6526
1978:2045-2322
1756:255941160
1740:1432-1009
1562:1477-8947
1521:238202676
1513:0077-8923
1437:2351-9894
997:1664-462X
855:252148026
847:1574-9541
768:0261-3077
587:greenwash
573:Criticism
524:learning
112:The term
82:) to the
76:livestock
3600:Glossary
3588:Category
3410:biologic
3124:Politics
3016:Personal
2721:Americas
2589:Children
2355:Physical
2148:Overview
2088:Overview
2021:: 9–21.
1996:36065006
1748:36648532
1647:Archived
1611:Archived
1260:89217740
1190:2 August
1117:19942280
1015:30774638
874:Springer
800:Archived
738:Archived
613:See also
600:In 2014
264:ruminant
224:abundant
182:rainfall
99:mulching
4006:natural
3926:biofuel
3859:Water (
3834:control
3662:General
3415:oceanic
3265:fiction
3114:Justice
3065:Society
2673:Poverty
2387:Drought
2255:History
2179:Sources
1987:9442557
1958:Bibcode
1824:Beatles
1493:Bibcode
1415:Bibcode
1125:6318195
1033:Reuters
1006:6367218
806:24 July
376:biochar
372:compost
364:grazing
360:tillage
25:Myanmar
3919:Fuel (
3770:design
3395:Albedo
3388:Theory
3099:Denial
2890:Energy
2751:Europe
2731:Arctic
2716:Africa
2641:Health
2636:Gender
2594:Cities
2519:Biomes
2426:Oceans
2414:Marine
2137:Causes
2033:
1994:
1984:
1976:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1560:
1519:
1511:
1435:
1384:
1333:Animal
1258:
1123:
1115:
1013:
1003:
995:
952:
880:
853:
845:
766:
514:COP-26
192:, and
190:runoff
3996:green
3612:Index
3374:Proxy
3134:Women
2604:Crime
2531:Birds
2397:Flood
1922:CGIAR
1752:S2CID
1614:(PDF)
1607:(PDF)
1517:S2CID
1378:(PDF)
1256:S2CID
1211:Wired
1121:S2CID
981:: 4.
921:(PDF)
912:(2).
902:(PDF)
851:S2CID
714:(PDF)
583:smart
521:CGIAR
461:(CRM)
368:mulch
348:use.
80:crops
3197:Risk
2736:Asia
2323:2024
2318:2023
2313:2022
2308:2021
2303:2020
2298:2019
2031:ISSN
1992:PMID
1974:ISSN
1744:PMID
1736:ISSN
1558:ISSN
1509:ISSN
1489:1505
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