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2049:’s population increased from just over 3 million to around 5.7 million people (as of 2019). Following their significant increase in population, Singapore then faced a significant decrease in agricultural land (from 25% allocated land in 1965 to less than 1% in 2014) making food production rates decline drastically. Due to the minimal amount of agricultural output, Singapore imports about 90% of their food. Singapore was rated as the top country in affordability, availability, quality, and safety. These conditions contribute to a high rate of food secure individuals, about 92.5% of the population have experienced no food security concerns. A challenge with this structure is that importing food leaves the country’s food supply chain vulnerable to price changes in the global food market from factors such as, disease (like Coronavirus) and climate change which can cause droughts and floods disrupting agriculture in countries like Thailand which Singapore relies on.
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Truly resilient agrifood systems must have a robust capacity to prevent, anticipate, absorb, adapt and transform in the face of any disruption, with the functional goal of ensuring food security and nutrition for all and decent livelihoods and incomes for agrifood systems' actors. Such resilience addresses all dimensions of food security, but focuses specifically on stability of access and sustainability, which ensure food security in both the short and the long term. Resilience-building involves preparing for disruptions, particularly those that cannot be anticipated, in particular through: diversity in domestic production, in imports, and in supply chains; robust food transport networks; and guaranteed continued access to food for all.
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assets of a household, including income, land, products of labor, inheritances, and gifts can determine a household's access to food. However, the ability to access sufficient food may not lead to the purchase of food over other materials and services. Demographics and education levels of members of the household as well as the gender of the household head determine the preferences of the household, which influences the type of food that is purchased. A household's access to adequate nutritious food may not assure adequate food intake for all household members, as intrahousehold food allocation may not sufficiently meet the requirements of each member of the household. The
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2075:, between a quarter and a third of households are food insecure. Following the COVID-19 lockdowns, child and household hunger have not decreased. In contrast, hunger has stabilized at a higher rate than pre-pandemic rates. This increase in hunger may be due to slow economic growth, low employment and a loss of government financial support following the pandemic. The social grants given by the government along with the child support grants, school food initiatives, and the Integrated Food Security and Nutrition Programme have all been influential in lowering the food insecurity rate particularly before the Coronavirus outbreak.
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compromise on the quality of their food to account for food shortages while 8 to 13% of
Yemenis admit to decreasing the number of meals they eat. The state of nutrition is most dire for vulnerable populations like children who face developmental issues like stunting or wasting as a result of malnutrition. Over 462,000 Yemeni children are severely acutely malnourished which increases their risk of disease. In a 2019 study, children with severe acute malnutrition were reported to have an increased rate of measles, diarrhea, fever, and cough when compared to non-severely acutely malnourished children.
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on farming so disruptions to their farming could increase their chances of economic instability and food insecurity. Many families report that lack of funds, disease, and lack of land, among other variables, are significant barriers to food security. In the wetlands system associated in Uganda, 93% of families are food insecure with 75% of inhabitants eating 2 meals and 8% eating only 1 meal a day. This was made worse by socioeconomic factors like disease (HIV/AIDS), poverty, and agricultural reasons like land degradation or management (regulation of food production using wetlands).
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245:(FIES) as a universally applicable experience-based food security measurement scale derived from the scale used in the United States. Thanks to the establishment of a global reference scale and the procedure needed to calibrate measures obtained in different countries, it is possible to use the FIES to produce cross-country comparable estimates of the prevalence of food insecurity in the population. Since 2015, the FIES has been adopted as the basis to compile one of the indicators included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) monitoring framework.
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well as the price of moving food to national and global markets. Around the world, few individuals or households are continuously self-reliant on food. This creates the need for a bartering, exchange, or cash economy to acquire food. The exchange of food requires efficient trading systems and market institutions, which can affect food security. Per capita world food supplies are more than adequate to provide food security to all, and thus food accessibility is a greater barrier to achieving food security.
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having recalculated the historic hunger series accordingly, it confirmed that the number of hungry people in the world, albeit lower than previously thought, had been slowly increasing since 2014. On broader measures, the SOFI report found that far more people suffered some form of food insecurity, with 3 billion or more unable to afford even the cheapest healthy diet. Nearly 2.37 billion people did not have access to adequate food in 2020 – an increase of 320 million people compared to 2019.
1857:, there are many options for consumption. Insects may provide a sustainable option for protein sources containing 13-77% protein by dry weight. The energy obtained by eating insects can be similar to other food sources like beef and chicken depending on what kind of insect is eaten. Insects may be a sustainable commercial farming option to support populations struggling with food security due to their nutrition and farming capacities, taking less room to cultivate than other protein sources.
2003:(DRC), about 33% of households are food insecure, and nearly 60% in eastern provinces. Millions of DRC inhabitants are living below the poverty line, contributing to this widespread hunger in the country that in some cases is so severe, that families can't afford to eat everyday. A study showed the correlation of food insecurity and its negative effects on at-risk HIV adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo, exacerbating the vulnerability of these populations even further.
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779:. Access to healthcare is another determinant of food utilization since the health of individuals controls how the food is metabolized. For example, intestinal parasites can take nutrients from the body and decrease food utilization. Sanitation can also decrease the occurrence and spread of diseases that can affect food utilization. Education about nutrition and food preparation can affect food utilization and improve this pillar of food security.
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Although Mexico has been expanding its food and nutrition programs that have been expected, and to some degree, have contributed to increases in health and nutrition, food security, particularly as it relates to obesity and malnutrition, still remains a relevant public health problem. Although food availability is not the issue, severe deficiencies in the accessibility of food contribute to insecurity.
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food insecurity are more likely to experience suicidal ideation, suicide planning and suicide attempts than those who are food-secure. This is more common in countries where food insecurity is less common, potentially because it indicates a reduced standard of living and low social standing within that country. Research has also found that food insecurity is linked to an increased risk of
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and utilization/adequacy. While availability (production and supply) and utilization/adequacy (nutritional status/ anthropometric measurement) are easier to estimate and therefore more popular, accessibility (the ability to acquire a sufficient quantity and quality of food) remains largely elusive. The factors influencing household food accessibility are often context-specific.
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high-protein foods that are not as accessible to them. This then results in unbalanced and unhealthy diets that contribute to poor health outcomes for these populations. Furthermore, many urban areas are forced to turn to mainly consume bushmeat as their primary source of protein, because they cannot afford to access other types of safer, healthier and even more legal options.
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lower incomes, single-income, and renting rather than owning their home. Food insecurity is more prevalent in households that receive social assistance, Employment
Insurance, and Worker's Compensation, as well as in pension-reliant homes. People who identified as Indigenous or Black also face higher rates of food insecurity than those who identify otherwise.
740:. Poverty can limit access to food, and can also increase how vulnerable an individual or household is to food price spikes. Access depends on whether the household has enough income to purchase food at prevailing prices or has sufficient land and other resources to grow its food. Households with enough resources can overcome unstable harvests and
1879:, improved nutrition and health, and activism. Today, a growing number of individuals and minority groups are embracing the Food Justice due to the perceived increase in hunger within nations such as the United States as well as the amplified effect of food insecurity on many minority communities, particularly the Black and Latino communities.
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definitions added demand and access issues to the definition. The first World Food Summit, held in 1996, stated that food security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."
316:(CSI) – assesses household behaviors and rates them based on a set of varied established behaviors on how households cope with food shortages. The methodology for this research is based on collecting data on a single question: "What do you do when you do not have enough food, and do not have enough money to buy food?"
287:(PoU). Beginning in the early 2010s, FAO incorporated more complex metrics into its calculations, including estimates of food losses in retail distribution for each country and the volatility in agri-food systems. Since 2016, it has also reported the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the FIES.
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has sought to ensure food security through its history. Yet, despite various efforts, Mexico continues to lack national food and nutrition strategies that secure food security for the people. As a large country of more than 100 million people, planning and executing social policies are complex tasks.
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to promote food security and eradicate hunger and poverty. In particular, the WFP provides food aid to refugees and to others experiencing food emergencies. It also seeks to improve nutrition and quality of life to the most vulnerable populations and promote self-reliance. An example of a WFP program
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In 2020, FAO deployed intense advocacy to make healthy diets affordable as a way to reduce global food insecurity and save vast sums in the process. The agency said that if healthy diets were to become the norm, almost all of the health costs that can currently be blamed on unhealthy diets (estimated
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can achieve food security. The resilience of agrifood systems refers to the capacity over time of agrifood systems, in the face of any disruption, to sustainably ensure availability of and access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for all, and sustain the livelihoods of agrifood systems' actors.
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has disrupted global food supplies. The conflict has severely impacted food supply chains with noteworthy effects on production, sourcing, manufacturing, processing, logistics, and significant shifts in demand among nations reliant on imports from
Ukraine. The European Union's imposition of sanctions
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Food security can be measured by the number of calories to digest per person per day, available on a household budget. In general, the objective of food security indicators and measurements is to capture some or all of the main components of food security in terms of food availability, accessibility,
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Poverty is closely associated with food insecurity but this relationship is not foolproof, in that not all people living below the poverty line experience food insecurity, and people who live above the poverty line can also experience food insecurity. Underlying factors of food insecurity relates to
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for
Australia regarding food security, as Australia already experiences extreme weather. Australia's history in biofuel production and use of fertilizers has reduced the quality of the land. Increased extreme weather is projected to affect crops, livestock, and soil quality. Wheat production, one of
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In 2012, the
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducted a survey measuring nutrition, which included food security. It was reported that 4% of Australian households were food insecure. 1.5% of those households were severely food insecure. Additionally, the Australian Institute of Family Studies
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showed that over 50 studies have shown that food insecurity is strongly associated with a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. For depression and anxiety, food-insecure individuals have almost a threefold risk increase compared to food-secure individuals. Adolescents experiencing
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Climate change is projected to negatively affect all four pillars of food security. It will affect how much food is available. It will also affect how easy food is to access through prices, food quality, and how stable the food system is. Climate change is already affecting the productivity of wheat
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The WHO states that three pillars that determine food security: food availability, food access, and food use and misuse. The FAO added a fourth pillar: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time. In 2009, the World Summit on Food
Security stated that the "four pillars of
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Close to 12 percent of the global population was severely food insecure in 2020, representing 928 million people -148 million more than in 2019. A variety of reasons lie behind the increase in hunger over the past few years. Slowdowns and downturns since the 2008-9 financial crisis have conspired to
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Uganda faces challenges associated with food security related to agricultural soil management, forest destruction, and anthropogenic pressure on the land. This is an issue as agriculture is the main form of food acquisition in places such as Tororo and Busia. In these areas the 90% of families rely
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intake which varies across age and sex. In a 2015 study, the caloric intake was higher in severely food insecure households however with fewer micronutrients indicating a shift towards less nutrient-dense food options. In addition to micronutrient deficiencies across all age groups, food insecurity
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In
Afghanistan, about 35.5% of households are food insecure (as of 2018). The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting in children under five years of age is also very high. In October 2021, more than half of Afghanistan's 39 million people faced an acute food shortage. On 11 November 2021,
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FAO urged governments to make nutrition a central plank of their agricultural policies, investment policies and social protection systems. It also called for measures to tackle food loss and waste, and to lower costs at every stage of food production, storage, transport, distribution and marketing.
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have potential effects on the four pillars of food security. However, the links between food loss and waste reduction and food security are complex, and positive outcomes are not always certain. Reaching acceptable levels of food security and nutrition inevitably implies certain levels of food loss
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will be living in areas of high water stress, which will likely displace anywhere between 24 million and 700 million people as conditions become increasingly unlivable. Because the majority of Africa remains dependent on an agricultural lifestyle and 80 to 90 percent of all families in rural Africa
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in West Africa. Stringent lockdowns, travel restrictions, and disruptions to labor forces resulted in bottlenecks affecting the production and distribution of goods. Notably, the food supply chain experienced significant disruptions as the pandemic strained logistics, labor availability, and demand
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The next pillar of food security is food utilization, which refers to the metabolism of food by individuals. Once the food is obtained by a household, a variety of factors affect the quantity and quality of food that reaches members of the household. To achieve food security, the food ingested must
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involves the storage, processing, transport, packaging, and marketing of food. Food-chain infrastructure and storage technologies on farms can also affect the amount of food wasted in the distribution process. Poor transport infrastructure can increase the price of supplying water and fertilizer as
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observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem." While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur. The 20th century has examples
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contributed to the food insecurity of the nation, in which chronic infant malnutrition was over 45% for children under 5 years old. The nation's lack of access to markets, limited financial means, and low levels of food production have been other contributors to their poor levels of food security.
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will receive $ 220 million to fund eight new projects, all of which is expected to benefit nearly a million children residing in food-insecure countries in Africa and East Asia. The USDA will also receive another $ 178 million for seven international development projects to support U.S. government
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Worldwide, the prevalence of child stunting was 21.3 percent in 2019, or 144 million children. Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and the
Caribbean have the largest rates of reduction in the prevalence of stunting and are the only subregions on track to achieve the 2025 and 2030 stunting targets. Between
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How the impacts on the different dimensions of food security play out and affect the food security of different population groups depends on where in the food supply chain the reduction in losses or waste takes place as well as on where nutritionally vulnerable and food-insecure people are located
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can pose serious risks to food security. Risks can be posed both directly by overexploitation of food fish and indirectly through overexploitation of the fish that those food fish depend on for survival. In 2022 the United
Nations called attention "considerably negative impact" on food security of
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Inequality in the distributions of assets, resources and income, compounded by the absence or scarcity of welfare provisions in the poorest of countries, is further undermining access to food. Nearly a tenth of the world population still lives on US$ 1.90 or less a day, with sub-Saharan Africa and
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was defined with an emphasis on supply; it was defined as the "availability at all times of adequate, nourishing, diverse, balanced and moderate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset the fluctuations in production and prices." Later
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Swinnen, Johan; and McDermott, John. 2020. COVID-19: Assessing impacts and policy responses for food and nutrition security. In COVID-19 and global food security, eds. Johan
Swinnen and John McDermott. Introduction, Chapter 1, Pp. 8–12. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute
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National Food Security Surveys are the main survey tool used by the USDA to measure food security in the United States. Based on respondents' answers to survey questions, the household can be placed on a continuum of food security defined by the USDA. This continuum has four categories: high food
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more effectively, and using supplemental and small-scale irrigation, hold the key to helping the greatest number of poor people. It has called for a new era of water investments and policies for upgrading rainfed agriculture that would go beyond controlling field-level soil and water to bring new
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and the World Food Summit Plan of Action. The Rome Declaration called for the members of the United Nations to work to halve the number of chronically undernourished people on the Earth by 2015. The Plan of Action set several targets for government and non-governmental organizations for achieving
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and waste. Maintaining buffers to ensure food stability requires a certain amount of food to be lost or wasted. At the same time, ensuring food safety involves discarding unsafe food, which then is counted as lost or wasted, while higher-quality diets tend to include more highly perishable foods.
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There are two distinct types of access to food: direct access, in which a household produces food using human and material resources, and economic access, in which a household purchases food produced elsewhere. Location can affect access to food and which type of access a family will rely on. The
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present evidence that the decades-long decline in hunger in the world, as measured by the number of undernourished (NoU), has ended. In the 2020 report, FAO used newly accessible data from China to revise the global NoU downwards to nearly 690 million, or 8.9 percent of the world population – but
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degrade social conditions, making undernourishment more prevalent. Structural imbalances and a lack of inclusive policies have combined with extreme weather events, altered environmental conditions, and the spread of pests and diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, triggering stubborn cycles of
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Food insecurity is highly prevalent in Yemen, with 60% of the population being affected by agricultural decline. The Integrated Security Phase Classification system places 53% of Yemenis as at risk (36%) or as an emergency (17%). Between 23 and 30% of Yemenis must change their choice of food and
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as of a 2017-2018 survey. Of the 57% of household affected by food insecurity in Nunavut, almost half of them are severely food insecure. These rates of food security equal 4.4 million people, of which 1.2 million were under the age of 18. Some common co-occurring conditions were households with
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pressure are other factors. Droughts result in crop failures and the loss of pasture for livestock. Loss and poor growth of livestock cause milk yield and meat production to decrease. The rate of soil erosion is 10–20 times higher than the rate of soil accumulation in agricultural areas that use
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Women play key roles in maintaining all four pillars of food security: as food producers and agricultural entrepreneurs; as decision-makers for the food and nutritional security of their households and communities and as "managers" of the stability of food supplies in times of economic hardship.
2126:. The questions asked are about anxiety that the household budget is inadequate to buy enough food, inadequacy in the quantity or quality of food eaten by adults and children in the household, and instances of reduced food intake or consequences of reduced food intake for adults and children. A
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Furthermore, the nation has an influx of imported food products that are often of poor nutritional quality, but are placed at competitive prices that the nation can afford. This results in the majority of households turning to cheaper, high-calorie food products over more healthy, unaffordable,
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The state of food insecurity in the DRC has been long prevalent, but worsened greatly following the Congolese Wars (1996–1998; 1998–2003). In 2002, about 80% of the population lived below the poverty line, and more than 90% of the rural population had no easy access to safe drinking water. This
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if the mother is malnourished and continues through approximately the third year of life. It leads to higher infant and child mortality, but at rates far lower than during famines. Once stunting has occurred, improved nutritional intake after the age of about two years is unable to reverse the
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in the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity grew even larger in the year of COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 SOFI report finds that in 2019 an estimated 29.9 percent of women aged between 15 and 49 years around the world were affected by anemia – now a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
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found that rates of food security varied significantly by race, class and education. In both kindergarten and third grade, 8% of the children were classified as food insecure, but only 5% of white children were food insecure, while 12% and 15% of black and Hispanic children were food insecure,
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Finally, there are increasing risks to institutional stability, persistent violence, and large-scale population relocation as a consequence of the conflicts. With the majority of them being hosted in developing nations, the number of displaced individuals between 2010 and 2018 increased by 70%
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and drought result in crop failure and decreased food availability. Civil conflicts can also decrease access to food. Instability in markets resulting in food-price spikes can cause transitory food insecurity. Other factors that can temporarily cause food insecurity are loss of employment or
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Chronic (or permanent) food insecurity is defined as the long-term, persistent lack of adequate food. In this case, households are constantly at risk of being unable to acquire food to meet the needs of all members. Chronic and transitory food insecurity are linked since the reoccurrence of
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on Russia has added complexity to trade relations. In Asia and the Pacific, many of those regions' countries depend on the importation of basic food staples such as wheat and also fertilizer, with nearly 1.1 billion lacking a healthy diet caused by poverty and ever-increasing food prices.
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Masika Musumari, Patou; Wouters, Edwin; Kalambayi Kayembe, Patrick; Kiumbu Nzita, Modeste; Mutindu Mbikayi, Samclide; Suguimoto, S. Pilar; Techasrivichien, Teeranee; Wellington Lukhele, Bhekumusa; El-saaidi, Christina; Piot, Peter; Ono-Kihara, Masako; Kihara, Masahiro (15 January 2014).
697:. Crop production can be affected by changes in rainfall and temperatures. The use of land, water, and energy to grow food often compete with other uses, which can affect food production. Land used for agriculture can be used for urbanization or lost to desertification, salinization or
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security, marginal food security, low food security, and very low food security. The continuum of food security ranges from households that consistently have access to nutritious food to households where at least one or more members routinely go without food due to economic reasons.
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Even before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, food prices were already at a record high. 82 million East Africans and 42 million West Africans faced acute food insecurity in 2021. By the end of 2022, more than 8 million Somalis were in need of food assistance. In February 2022, the
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1119:, for use in fertilizer production. The development of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer has significantly supported global population growth — it has been estimated that almost half the people on Earth are currently fed as a result of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use.
2221:, advocates for a multidimensional approach to food security challenges. This approach emphasizes the physical availability of food; the social, economic and physical access people have to food; and the nutrition, safety and cultural appropriateness or adequacy of food.
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freshwater sources through better local management of rainfall and runoff. Increased agricultural productivity enables farmers to grow more food, which translates into better diets and, under market conditions that offer a level playing field, into higher farm incomes.
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In 2023, the Global Report on Food Crises revealed that acute hunger affected approximately 282 million people across 59 countries, an increase of 24 million from the previous year. This rise in food insecurity was primarily driven by conflicts, economic shocks, and
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recommended that efforts to combat hunger and malnutrition should be the first priority for politicians and private sector philanthropists looking to maximize the effectiveness of aid spending. They put this ahead of other priorities, like the fight against
419:– it further found that already in the first year of the pandemic, the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) had increased 1.5 percentage points, reaching a level of around 9.9 percent. This is the mid-point of an estimate of 720 to 811 million people facing
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as safety nets to increase the purchasing power of households. FAO has stated that "approaches should be human rights-based, target the poor, promote gender equality, enhance long-term resilience and allow sustainable graduation out of poverty."
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for those extremely vulnerable to food insecurity will add $ 9 billion to their balance of payments pressures – in 2022 and 2023." This would deplete countries' foreign reserves as well as their capacity to pay for food and fertilizer imports."
1649:'s CAADP framework aiming to end hunger in Africa by 2025. It includes different interventions including support for improved food production, a strengthening of social protection and integration of the Right to Food into national legislation.
1032:(FAO) reported a 20% rise in food prices since February 2021. The war further pushed this increase to 40% in March 2022 but was reduced to 18% by January 2023. But the FAO warns that inflation of food prices will continue in many countries.
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food security are availability, access, utilization, and stability." Two additional pillars of food security were recommended in 2020 by the High-Level Panel of Experts for the Committee on World Food Security: agency and sustainability.
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Food stability refers to the ability to obtain food over time. Food insecurity can be transitory, seasonal, or chronic. In transitory food insecurity, food may be unavailable during certain periods of time. At the food production level,
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Food security could be increased by integrating alternative foods that can be grown in compact environments, that are resilient to pests and disease, and that do not require complex supply chains. Foods meeting these criteria include
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refers to the long-term ability of food systems to provide food security and nutrition in a way that does not compromise the economic, social, and environmental bases that generate food security and nutrition for future generations.
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both leads to and is a result of food insecurity. According to estimates, girls and women make up 60% of the world's chronically hungry and little progress has been made in ensuring the equal right to food for women enshrined in the
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Data from the 2021 FAO SOFI showed that in 2020, 22.0 percent (149.2 million) of children under 5 years of age were affected by stunting, 6.7 percent (45.4 million) were suffering from wasting and 5.7 percent (38.9 million) were
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The UN Millennium Development Goals were one of the initiatives aimed at achieving food security in the world. The first Millennium Development Goal states that the UN "is to eradicate extreme hunger and poverty" by 2015. The
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significantly impacted food security, with extreme weather events being primary drivers in 18 countries, affecting over 77 million people. The year marked the hottest on record, leading to severe climatic disturbances such as
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1920:(AIFS), reported that certain demographics are more vulnerable to being food insecure; such as indigenous, elderly, regional, and single-parent households. Financial issues were cited as the main cause of food insecurity.
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Africa and Asia account for more than nine out of ten of all children with stunting, more than nine out of ten children with wasting, and more than seven out of ten children who are affected by being overweight worldwide.
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damage. Severe malnutrition in early childhood often leads to defects in cognitive development. It, therefore, creates a disparity a between children who did not experience severe malnutrition and those who experience it.
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Famine and hunger are both rooted in food insecurity. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to famine and hunger; ensuring food security presupposes the elimination of that vulnerability.
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Several measurements have been developed to capture the access component of food security, with some notable examples developed by the USAID-funded Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) project. These include:
1347:: the baseline, SSP2, and SSP3, scenario of high global rivalry and conflict. The red and the orange lines show projections for SSP3 assuming high and low intensity of future emissions and the associated climate change.
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expressed concerns that the increased connections between markets and the complexity of food and economic systems could cause disruptions to food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically affecting the poor.
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study commissioned by the USDA criticized this measurement and the relationship of "food security" to hunger, adding "it is not clear whether hunger is appropriately identified as the end of the food security scale."
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Conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms and democracy and governance based on principles of accountability and transparency in public institutions and the rule of law are basic to reducing vulnerable members of
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evolved as a broader concept. In 1995, it was defined as "adequate nutritional status in terms of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals for all household members at all times." It is also related to the concepts of
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patterns. While progress in combating COVID-19 has provided some relief, the pandemic's lasting effects persist, including shifts in consumer behavior and the ongoing necessity for health and safety measures.
400:(SOFA) further estimates that an additional 1 billion people (mostly in lower- and upper-middle-income countries) are at risk of not affording a healthy diet if a shock were to reduce their income by a third.
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Zhong, Taiyang; Si, Zhenzhong; Crush, Jonathan; Scott, Steffanie; Huang, Xianjin (2019). "Achieving urban food security through a hybrid public-private food provisioning system: the case of Nanjing, China".
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By way of comparison, in one of the largest food producing countries in the world, the United States, approximately one out of six people are "food insecure," including 17 million children, according to the
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The concept of food security has evolved over time. The four pillars of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. In addition, there are two more dimensions that are important:
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1319:. These events disrupted agriculture, damaged crops, and decreased food availability, underlining the crucial need for urgent global action to adapt to and mitigate climate impacts to protect food sources.
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1567:(FAO) has proposed a "twin track" approach to fight food insecurity that combines sustainable development and short-term hunger relief. Development approaches include investing in rural markets and rural
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in 1996, is "when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life".
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Oldewage-Theron, Wilna H.; Dicks, Emsie G.; Napier, Carin E. (2006). "Poverty, household food insecurity and nutrition: Coping strategies in an informal settlement in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa".
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has been described as "critical for ensuring urban food security," particularly in Chinese cities. The influence of wet markets on urban food security includes food pricing and physical accessibility.
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of children. Once stunting has occurred, improved nutritional intake after the age of about two years is unable to reverse the damage. Severe malnutrition in early childhood often leads to defects in
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Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems
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997:, bread, pasta, flour, cooking oil, sugar, egg, chickpea and meat increased. Many factors have contributed to the ongoing world food crisis. These include supply chain disruptions due to the
174:(USDA), is a situation of "limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways."
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9361:
3418:
Maxwell, Daniel; Caldwell, Richard; Langworthy, Mark (1 December 2008). "Measuring food insecurity: Can an indicator based on localized coping behaviors be used to compare across contexts?".
5035:
2138:, or a condition in the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
7904:
7831:
808:
refers to the capacity of individuals or groups to make their own decisions about what foods they eat, what foods they produce, how that food is produced, processed, and distributed within
8608:
8578:
3906:
1607:
hunger target. The FAO credited growth in agricultural productivity and macroeconomic stability for the rapid economic growth in the 1990s that resulted in an increase in food security.
721:
1197:
was critical in supporting a larger population through the mid-1900s to now by increasing crop yields, it has also resulted in environmental degradation particularly through land use,
4884:
2236:
by 2030. Although there has been some progress, the world is not on track to achieve the global nutrition targets, including those on child stunting, wasting and overweight by 2030.
752:
adds that access to food must be available in socially acceptable ways, without, for example, resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies.
7961:"Food Insecurity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study"
7559:
2188:, in honour of the date FAO was founded in 1945. On this day, FAO hosts a variety of events at its headquarters in Rome and around the world, as well as seminars with UN officials.
4720:
2581:
9256:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In brief
9212:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In brief
7090:
9856:
7284:
3268:
1139:
and is predicted to spread rapidly through these regions and possibly further afield, potentially causing a wheat production disaster that would affect food security worldwide.
8522:
8492:
2301:
6301:
4945:
7019:
2412:
7065:
5982:
Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
4975:
6227:
5438:
5005:
1875:
is a multifaceted movement with relevance to the issue of food security. It has been described as a movement about social-economic and political problems in connection to
9118:
8327:
6830:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In Brief
3764:
NENA Regional Network on Nutrition-sensitive Food System. Empowering women and ensuring gender equality in agri-food systems to achieve better nutrition − Technical brief
3669:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In brief
2453:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all. In brief
1571:. In general, FAO proposes the use of public policies and programs that promote long-term economic growth that will benefit the poor. To obtain short-term food security,
6117:
IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems
5065:
2950:
1677:
1201:, and deforestation. Over-farming of agricultural land due to the Green Revolution has caused contamination and erosion of soil, and a reduction in biodiversity due to
5116:
2224:
Multiple different international agreements and mechanisms have been developed to address food security. The main global policy to reduce hunger and poverty is in the
1448:
Many countries experience ongoing food shortages and distribution problems. These result in chronic and often widespread hunger amongst significant numbers of people.
438:
At the global level, the prevalence of food insecurity at a moderate or severe level, and severe level only, is higher among women than men, magnified in rural areas.
1708:
and technology. Current agricultural yields are insufficient to feed the growing populations. Eventually, the rising agricultural productivity drives economic growth.
7138:
5375:
3985:
3477:
1053:
has stated that pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic risk undermining the efforts of humanitarian and food security organizations to maintain food security. The
8297:
5811:
5699:
4690:
4277:
Godfray, H. C. J.; Beddington, J. R.; Crute, I. R.; Haddad, L.; Lawrence, D.; Muir, J. F.; Pretty, J.; Robinson, S.; Thomas, S. M.; Toulmin, C. (28 January 2010).
1041:
6361:
3880:
812:, and their ability to engage in processes that shape food system policies and governance. This term shares similar values to those of another important concept,
7494:
5976:
Easterling, W.E., P.K. Aggarwal, P. Batima, K.M. Brander, L. Erda, S.M. Howden, A. Kirilenko, J. Morton, J.-F. Soussana, J. Schmidhuber and F.N. Tubiello, 2007:
5315:
4467:
3607:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
1785:
is the "Food For Assets" program in which participants work on new infrastructure, or learn new skills, that will increase food security, in exchange for food.
467:
Food insecurity in children can lead to developmental impairments and long term consequences such as weakened physical, intellectual and emotional development.
10447:
2218:
755:
The monetary value of global food exports multiplied by 4.4 in nominal terms between 2000 and 2021, from US$ 380 billion in 2000 to US$ 1.66 trillion in 2021.
5761:
1227:
has the largest number of water-stressed countries of any place on the globe, as of an estimated 800 million people who live in Africa, 300 million live in a
5200:
4157:
1956:
is correlated with higher rates of chronic disease biomarkers. In Canada, food insecurity is associated with worse mental health and higher mortality rates.
1281:
Food waste may be diverted for alternative human consumption when economic variables allow for it. In the 2019 edition of the State of Food and Agriculture,
568:
have been frequent in world history. Some have killed millions and substantially diminished the population of a large area. The most common causes have been
9096:
1127:
Diseases affecting livestock or crops can have devastating effects on food availability especially if there are no contingency plans in place. For example,
11521:
8040:
4906:
7443:
Rasul, Golam; Hussain, Abid; Mahapatra, Bidhubhusan; Dangol, Narendra (1 January 2018). "Food and nutrition security in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region".
6393:
Stunted growth in children from fetal life to adolescence: Risk factors, consequences and entry points for prevention – Cohort studies in rural Bangladesh
4793:
10040:
4819:
4507:
8711:
8351:"Food insecurity and its association with co-occurring postnatal depression, hazardous drinking, and suicidality among women in peri-urban South Africa"
5530:
3300:
1599:
FAO has noted that some countries have been successful in fighting food insecurity and decreasing the number of people suffering from undernourishment.
11457:
8874:
Dureab, Fekri; Al-Falahi, Eshraq; Ismail, Osan; Al-Marhali, Lina; Al Jawaldeh, Ayoub; Nuri, Nazmun Nahar; Safary, Elvis; Jahn, Albrecht (5 June 2019).
1693:
226:
4742:
1538:
strengthening food environments and changing consumer behaviour to promote dietary patterns with positive impacts on human health and the environment.
6121:
5585:
3841:
3181:
733:
701:
due to unsustainable agricultural practices. Crop production is not required for a country to achieve food security. Nations do not have to have the
310:– measures the experience of household food deprivation based on a set of predictable reactions, captured through a survey and summarized in a scale.
8741:
7663:
Gunasekera, Don; Tulloh, Catherine; Ford, Melanie; Heyhoe, Edwina (2008). "Climate change: Opportunities and challenges in Australian agriculture".
6684:
5912:"Global Report on Food Crises: Acute hunger remains persistently high in 59 countries with 1 in 5 people assessed in need of critical urgent action"
5619:
3809:"Global Report on Food Crises: Acute hunger remains persistently high in 59 countries with 1 in 5 people assessed in need of critical urgent action"
2868:
9953:
9924:
9368:
5027:
1972:
7896:
7162:"FACT SHEET: At United Nations General Assembly, President Biden Announces $ 2.9 Billion in Additional Funding to Strengthen Global Food Security"
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8574:
257:
9294:
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3902:
11482:
8803:
5406:
5091:
8194:"Technology innovations for food security in Singapore: A case study of future food systems for an increasingly natural resource-scarce world"
5292:
1619:
that are linked to unhealthy diets, the savings would be even greater (US$ 1.7 trillion, or over 70 percent of the total estimated for 2030).
10781:
9012:
2819:
1190:, overgrazing, and over-exploitation of vegetation for use. Approximately 40 percent of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded.
7933:
3203:
736:
noted that the causes of hunger and malnutrition are often not a scarcity of food but an inability to access available food, usually due to
70:. Food security includes resilience to future disruptions of food supply. Such a disruption could occur due to various risk factors such as
9928:
7532:
7253:
5984:, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 273-313.
4876:
4566:
Loring, Philip A.; Gerlach, S. Craig (2009). "Food, Culture, and Human Health in Alaska: An Integrative Health Approach to Food Security".
1054:
6567:
4625:
3233:
11394:
10472:
8552:
7112:
5428:
5262:
5108:
4712:
4854:
1583:. The use of conditional or unconditional food or cash transfers is another approach promoted by FAO. Conditional transfers may include
1205:
usage (as well as deforestation). Malnutrition rates and food insecurity could increase again as land and water resources are depleted.
1093:
transformed agriculture around the globe, world grain production increased by 250%. The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by
11141:
10385:
9509:
8251:"Food Insecurity Individual Experience: A Comparison of Economic and Social Characteristics of the Most Vulnerable Groups in the World"
7084:
2127:
1983:
Xi stressed that there should be a sense of crisis regarding food security. In 2020, China witnessed a rise in food prices, due to the
454:
were among the hardest hit, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to address and mitigate global hunger effectively.
7276:
5556:
8514:
8488:
6339:
3101:"Development of a universally applicable household food insecurity measurement tool: process, current status, and outstanding issues"
2588:
2297:
1749:
1398:
is expected to decrease by about 5%. Tropical and subtropical oceans are most affected, while there may be more fish in polar waters.
4937:
4132:"Letter dated 7 November 2003 from the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General"
10591:
10417:
10108:
9648:
9483:
7008:
2403:
1681:
7047:
6636:"Food Insecurity, Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors, and Country-Level Context: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Analysis"
4967:
2105:
report number 155 (ERS-155) estimates that 14.5 percent (17.6 million) of US households were food insecure at some point in 2012.
768:
affects food utilization, and can be affected by the preparation, processing, and cooking of food in the community and household.
2616:
Das, Sumonkanti; Hossain, Zakir; Nesa, Mossamet Kamrun (25 April 2009). "Levels and trends in child malnutrition in Bangladesh".
1757:
1631:
732:
Food access refers to the affordability and allocation of food, as well as the preferences of individuals and households. The UN
728:
are an important part of the solution to global food security because they are fairly low-maintenance and easy to raise and farm.
608:
undermining the food security of their nations. Mass starvation is frequently a weapon of war, as in the blockade of Germany in
171:
54:. The availability of food for people of any class and state, gender or religion is another element of food security. Similarly,
4997:
4383:
4359:
3640:
3537:
2338:
11091:
9840:
9074:
9041:
8319:
6634:
Steare, Thomas; Lewis, Gemma; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Pitman, Alexandra; Rose-Clarke, Kelly; Patalay, Praveetha (11 December 2023).
3786:
3452:
3100:
2968:
2784:
2537:
1584:
58:
food security is considered to exist when all the members of a family, at all times, have access to enough food for an active,
9184:
6424:
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Berkley, James A.; Bandsma, Robert H. J.; Kerac, Marko; Trehan, Indi; Briend, André (21 September 2017).
5057:
1939:
has monitored the level of food insecurity by province and territory. Rates of food insecurity in Canada ranged from 11.1% in
525:
The gap in food insecurity between men and women widened from 1.7 percentage points in 2019 to 4.3 percentage points in 2021.
298:– measures the degree of food insecurity (inaccessibility) in the household in the previous month on a discrete ordinal scale.
11614:
11510:
10044:
9536:
8949:
8675:
8034:
7560:"Australian Health Survey: Nutrition – State and Territory results, 2011–12 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
6930:
6916:
6870:
6845:
6805:
6765:
6725:
6540:
6497:
6400:
6249:
5889:
5256:
4550:
3967:
3780:
3733:
3684:
3626:
3578:
3523:
3204:"Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"
2468:
2374:
2205:
480:
respectively. In third grade, 13% of black and 11% of Hispanic children were food insecure compared to 5% of white children.
5728:
4184:
4130:
Herzegovina, Bosnia and; Moldova, Republic of; Federation, Russian; Arabia, Saudi; Republic, Syrian Arab (7 November 2003).
2746:
10075:
9561:
9162:
9140:
6952:
5784:
3871:, November 17, 2009. "America's Economic Pain Brings Hunger Pangs: USDA Report on Access to Food 'Unsettling,' Obama Says""
2925:
1927:
Australia's main food exports, is projected to decrease by 9.2% by 2030. Beef production is also expected to fall by 9.6%.
1486:
1351:
Climate change will affect agriculture and food production around the world. The reasons include the effects of elevated CO
1062:
849:
597:
106:
8631:
7130:
5995:
5367:
2055:
In 2019 the Singapore government launched the "30 by 30" program which aims to drastically reduce food insecurity through
1623:
Another FAO priority is for governments to secure better access to markets for small-scale producers of nutritious foods.
381:
to external shocks. In many low-income economies, debt has swollen to levels far exceeding GDP, eroding growth prospects.
11746:
10477:
8802:
Owino, Abraham Yeyo; Atuhaire, Leonard K.; Wesonga, Ronald; Nabugoomu, Fabian; Muwanga-Zaake, Elijah S. K. (3 May 2014).
4135:
2502:
1017:
during 2021 (which destroyed key American and European crops). Droughts were also a factor; in early 2022, some areas of
613:
609:
329:
The concentration and distribution of food insecurity in 2023 by severity differ greatly across the regions of the world.
8289:
7700:
7196:
4682:
3866:
3273:. Washington, D.C.: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. Archived from
2118:
Both children and adults were food insecure in 7.1 percent of households with children (2.7 million households) in 2018.
1630:
in 1996, aimed to renew a global commitment to the fight against hunger. The conference produced two key documents, the
11840:
11751:
11493:
11371:
11291:
11131:
11106:
10547:
9981:
9920:
9124:
The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses, In brief
6986:
2723:
2670:
1639:
1002:
708:
Because food consumers outnumber producers in every country, food must be distributed to different regions or nations.
8982:
5353:
965:. In 2022, the world experienced significant food price inflation along with major food shortages in several regions.
648:
Growth in food production has been greater than population growth. Food per person increased since 1961. Data source:
11835:
11040:
10369:
5883:
4456:
3241:. Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. Archived from
2694:
1564:
1282:
1078:
1029:
649:
408:
249:
238:
8804:"Determining Factors that Influence Household Food Insecurity in Uganda: A Case Study of Tororo and Busia Districts"
5229:
1826:. While unpalatable on their own to most people, such raw ingredients might be processed into more palatable foods.
230:
Globally and in every region except Oceania, the prevalence of food insecurity is higher among women than among men.
11820:
11721:
11419:
11376:
10616:
10123:
9895:
8681:
8449:"Food insecurity in South Africa: To what extent can social grants and consumption of wild foods eradicate hunger?"
7729:"Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2022. Toronto: Research to identify policy options to reduce food insecurity"
6900:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 – Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets
5753:
4108:
3504:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 – Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets
2000:
1324:
1148:
7347:
Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Amanda; Bawa, Michael; Keith, Regina; Twefik, Sundus; Tewfik, Ihab (31 December 2021).
5936:
Hasegawa, Tomoko; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Takahashi, Kiyoshi; Yokohata, Tokuta; Masui, Toshihiko (29 January 2016).
5192:
4161:
136:. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to hunger and famine. Chronic hunger and
82:
is the opposite of food security: a state where there is only limited or uncertain availability of suitable food.
11414:
11096:
11025:
10964:
10757:
10649:
10518:
10452:
10022:
9939:
9757:
9354:
9312:
8082:"The bushmeat market in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo: implications for conservation and food security"
4500:
Are Determinants of Rural and Urban Food Security and Nutritional Status Different? Some Insights from Mozambique
2041:
1745:
1045:
Global hunger remained virtually unchanged from 2021 to 2022 but is still far above pre-COVID-19-pandemic levels.
432:
8771:. Towards a food secure future: Ensuring food security for sustainable human development in Sub-Saharan Africa.
8021:
6302:"Food insecurity is driving women in Africa into sex work, increasing HIV risk Facebook Twitter Flipboard Email"
11336:
11234:
10769:
10467:
9828:
9822:
9556:
7728:
6232:
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
4777:
3718:
The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses, In brief
3270:
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v. 3)
2229:
1340:
775:, and whether food meets cultural preferences is important to utilization in terms of psychological and social
472:
412:
370:
put healthy diets out of reach for around 3 billion people, especially the poor, in every region of the world.
6272:
11656:
11580:
11559:
11527:
11404:
11331:
9783:
9752:
9272:
8703:
7223:
5522:
4498:
3309:
2225:
2135:
1980:
1344:
605:
416:
304:– measures the number of different food groups consumed over a specific reference period (24hrs/48hrs/7days).
1440:
1135:, which can cause up to 100% crop losses, is present in wheat fields in several countries in Africa and the
11316:
10584:
9679:
8349:
Dewing, Sarah; Tomlinson, Mark; le Roux, Ingrid M.; Chopra, Mickey; Tsai, Alexander C. (5 September 2013).
6283:
2808:
6108:
6034:
5578:
3834:
3153:
2052:
Singapore is implementing many different methods and techniques to increase internal agricultural output.
11706:
11691:
11641:
11424:
11356:
10732:
10492:
10482:
10395:
10301:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9331:
9102:
The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction, In brief
8733:
5977:
5611:
2947:
2859:
2084:
1923:
1604:
1424:
1006:
532:
The gender gap in accessing food increased from 2018 to 2019, particularly at moderate or severe levels.
6083:
3235:
Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for measurement of household food access: Indicator guide (v.2)
1951:
Food insecurity has been associated with a poorer quality of diet including a significant difference in
11830:
11773:
11756:
11726:
11681:
11636:
11126:
10747:
10626:
10364:
10017:
10001:
9962:
9845:
9694:
9674:
2662:
1789:
1753:
554:
8764:
7625:
2232:
sets globally agreed targets to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote
102:
in 1996 declared that "food should not be used as an instrument for political and economic pressure."
11761:
11741:
11671:
11607:
11326:
11121:
10959:
10611:
10274:
10098:
9423:
2123:
2102:
1697:
1556:
261:
94:. These six dimensions of food security are reinforced in conceptual and legal understandings of the
5398:
3930:
1752:
for its humanitarian assistance efforts around the world, along with $ 140 million for the agency's
1535:
tackling poverty and structural inequalities, ensuring interventions are pro-poor and inclusive; and
705:
required to produce crops to achieve food security, as seen in the examples of Japan and Singapore.
345:
11716:
11686:
11631:
11259:
11136:
11101:
10850:
10840:
10814:
10279:
10068:
9773:
9700:
9684:
8876:"An Overview on Acute Malnutrition and Food Insecurity among Children during the Conflict in Yemen"
5284:
2957:
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Food Policy Report. 26 pages. Washington. 1995
1888:
1616:
1232:
1224:
573:
489:
8080:
van Vliet, Nathalie; Nebesse, Casimir; Gambalemoke, Sylvestre; Akaibe, Dudu; Nasi, Robert (2012).
7602:
7348:
5867:
In Brief: The State of Food and Agriculture 2019 – Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction
2946:
QAgnes R. Quisumbing, Lynn R. Brown, Hilary Sims Feldstein, Lawrence James Haddad, Christine Peña
1452:
can respond to chronic hunger and malnutrition by decreasing body size, known in medical terms as
353:
11736:
11701:
11696:
11651:
11547:
11321:
11164:
10974:
10946:
10669:
10659:
10577:
10221:
9879:
9816:
9005:
7928:
2455:(2021 ed.). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. p. 5.
2233:
2021:
1580:
423:
in 2020 – as many as 161 million more than in 2019. The number had jumped by some 446 million in
9285:
9263:
9241:
9219:
9197:
9175:
9153:
9131:
9109:
9087:
9065:
7524:
7388:"Neighborhood Disparities in Access to Healthy Foods and Their Effects on Environmental Justice"
7245:
7131:"US announces $ 2.9B to fund global food security | 2022-09-21 | Agri-Pulse Communications, Inc"
7086:
Agriculture, Food Security, Nutrition, and the Millennium Development Goals: Annual Report Essay
5463:
Jagtap, S; Trollman, H; Trollman, F; Garcia-Garcia, G; Parra-López, C; et al. (July 2022).
4651:
3274:
1792:
was signed, the world's first legally binding international agreement on food aid. The May 2012
1473:. FAO warned that the figures could be even higher due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
673:
Food availability relates to the supply of food through production, distribution, and exchange.
11815:
11731:
11711:
11676:
11666:
11646:
11573:
11566:
11386:
11341:
11296:
11111:
11075:
11065:
10860:
10835:
10819:
10804:
10786:
10390:
10348:
10343:
10226:
10103:
9732:
9488:
4594:
3242:
2245:
617:
215:
8544:
7116:
6893:
6891:
5647:
5246:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
1700:, which is in turn key to increasing rural income and reducing food insecurity. They include:
366:
and hunger. In 2019, the high cost of healthy diets together with persistently high levels of
11661:
11464:
11409:
11366:
11249:
11224:
11189:
10865:
10457:
10321:
10160:
4850:
2260:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1369:
1359:
regimes are also factors. Increased frequency of extreme events and modified weed, pest, and
550:
279:
The SOFI report measures chronic hunger (or undernourishment) using two main indicators, the
178:
145:
7927:
7349:"Edible Insects: Sustainable nutrient-rich foods to tackle food insecurity and malnutrition"
6035:"Impact of climate change adaptation on food security: evidence from semi-arid lands, Kenya"
3298:
1523:
integrating humanitarian, development and peacebuilding policies in conflict-affected areas;
11600:
11429:
11399:
11351:
11346:
11269:
11174:
11070:
10893:
10752:
10737:
10712:
10697:
10654:
10487:
10442:
10410:
10405:
10331:
10306:
10262:
9541:
9478:
9453:
9428:
9377:
8838:
7972:
7452:
6888:
6204:
6049:
6007:
5949:
5552:
5329:
5143:"Surviving the storm: navigating the quadruple whammy impact on Europe's food supply chain"
4750:
4290:
3165:
3054:
2659:
The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100: Europe, America, and the Third World
2430:
2112:
11.1 percent (14.3 million) of U.S. households were food insecure at some time during 2018.
1908:
1829:
1793:
1777:
1769:
1705:
1615:
to reach US$ 1.3 trillion a year in 2030) could be offset; and that on the social costs of
1387:
1050:
865:
253:
8132:
7525:"Afghanistan Facing Famine: UN, World Bank, US Should Adjust Sanctions, Economic Policies"
6331:
6286:
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. p. 766.
6164:
6147:
5938:"Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment"
3335:
3130:
2998:
2364:"The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013. The multiple dimensions of food security"
50:
is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious
8:
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10903:
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10167:
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9901:
9850:
9810:
9778:
9546:
9418:
9298:
8162:
5662:
4065:"Economic Development, Drought, and Famines: Some Limitations of Dependency Explanations"
3875:
2967:
Webb, P; Coates, J.; Frongillo, E. A.; Rogers, B. L.; Swindale, A.; Bilinsky, P. (2006).
2275:
1519:
The FAO finds that there are six pathways to follow towards food systems transformation:
1286:
805:
211:
190:
transitory food security can make households more vulnerable to chronic food insecurity.
87:
8842:
7977:
7626:"Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change"
7456:
7044:
6660:
6635:
6585:"The association between food insecurity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic"
6053:
6011:
5953:
5333:
5314:
Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, MA; Galloway, J; Klimont, Z; Winiwarter, W (October 2008).
4335:
4294:
3169:
3058:
1657:
28:
11306:
11301:
10936:
10898:
10855:
10774:
10462:
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9463:
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8955:
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8383:
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7997:
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7420:
7387:
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6811:
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6731:
6611:
6584:
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6458:
6425:
6208:
6169:
6065:
5635:
5499:
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4617:
4438:
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4351:
4316:
4247:
4222:
4100:
4092:
4029:
3739:
3690:
3632:
3584:
3529:
3078:
2969:"Measuring household food insecurity: why it's so important and yet so difficult to do"
2922:
Agriculture, food and nutrition for Africa: a resource book for teachers of agriculture
2270:
1608:
1014:
966:
601:
7307:
3177:
1236:
rely upon producing their food, water scarcity translates to a loss of food security.
961:
During 2022 and 2023 there were food crises in several regions as indicated by rising
797:
insecurity can result from the regular pattern of growing seasons in food production.
764:
be safe and must be enough to meet the physiological requirements of each individual.
411:
had earlier warned that even without the pandemic, the world was off track to achieve
11515:
11498:
11469:
11264:
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10954:
10707:
10644:
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8959:
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8784:
8671:
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8429:
8388:
8370:
8270:
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8213:
8144:
8030:
8002:
7881:
7869:
7813:
7775:
7763:
7645:
7476:
7468:
7425:
7407:
7368:
7329:
7308:"Edible insects as a means to address global malnutrition and food insecurity issues"
6926:
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6841:
6815:
6801:
6775:
6761:
6735:
6721:
6665:
6651:
6616:
6550:
6536:
6507:
6493:
6463:
6445:
6406:
6396:
6245:
6212:
6069:
5879:
5674:
5612:"Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land"
5504:
5486:
5320:
5252:
5174:
4785:
4621:
4546:
4380:
4308:
4252:
4104:
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3743:
3729:
3694:
3680:
3636:
3622:
3588:
3574:
3533:
3519:
3400:
3354:
3154:"Food security measurement in a global context: The food insecurity experience scale"
3122:
3070:
2990:
2666:
2633:
2464:
2330:
2250:
2122:
Food insecurity is measured in the United States by questions in the Census Bureau's
1984:
1712:
1490:
1427:
cautioned in September 2022 that "the impact of increasing import costs for food and
1416:
Food insecurity can force individuals to undertake risky economic activities such as
1175:
998:
789:
709:
702:
506:
404:
367:
160:
99:
9326:
9037:
7826:
6173:
5349:
4442:
4355:
3931:"Individual, Family and Neighborhood Characteristics and Children's Food Insecurity"
3903:"Individual, Family and Neighborhood Characteristics and Children's Food Insecurity"
3445:
3082:
3030:
3013:
2778:
2686:
2533:
2208:
in 1948, and has since said that it is vital for the enjoyment of all other rights.
1635:
food security, at the individual, household, national, regional, and global levels.
11825:
11439:
11311:
11286:
11179:
11005:
10979:
10931:
10926:
10908:
10845:
10796:
10717:
10687:
10682:
10639:
10513:
10508:
10294:
10289:
10172:
10128:
9689:
9468:
9232:
8937:
8905:
8887:
8846:
8776:
8663:
8460:
8419:
8378:
8362:
8262:
8221:
8205:
8096:
7992:
7982:
7957:
7861:
7805:
7755:
7690:
7641:
7637:
7460:
7415:
7399:
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7319:
6904:
6898:
6833:
6793:
6753:
6713:
6655:
6647:
6606:
6596:
6528:
6485:
6453:
6437:
6235:
6200:
6159:
6091:
6057:
6015:
5957:
5871:
5494:
5476:
5337:
5164:
5154:
5141:
Jagtap, S; Trollman, H; Trollman, F; Garcia-Garcia, G; Martindale, W (April 2024).
4663:
4609:
4575:
4538:
4422:
4343:
4320:
4298:
4242:
4234:
4076:
4046:
4021:
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3511:
3427:
3392:
3350:
3173:
3112:
3062:
3025:
2980:
2744:
2625:
2456:
2115:
In 6.8 percent of households with children, only adults were food insecure in 2018.
1512:
1449:
1335:
Projected changes in average food availability (represented as calorie consumption
1316:
1274:
1198:
1194:
1183:
1166:
1090:
1082:
813:
338:
118:
9100:
8780:
8424:
8407:
7082:
6861:
6362:"Global Food Crisis Demands Support for People, Open Trade, Bigger Local Harvests"
6271:
Bezner Kerr, Rachel; Hasegawa, Toshihiro; Lasco, Rodel; Bhatt, Indra; et al.
5865:
5553:"The Earth Is Shrinking: Advancing Deserts and Rising Seas Squeezing Civilization"
5523:"Easing Food Crisis and Promoting Long-Term Food Security in Asia and the Pacific"
4613:
4532:
4188:
3965:
3431:
2753:
2363:
1394:, warming waters decrease the amount of fish in the ocean. Per degree of warming,
1269:
377:
High import and export dependence ratios are meanwhile making many countries more
11799:
11274:
11184:
11169:
11035:
11000:
10809:
10523:
10284:
9976:
9747:
9638:
9608:
9551:
7987:
7051:
6956:
6571:
5721:
5465:"The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Its Implications for the Global Food Supply Chains"
5233:
5095:
5028:"World food prices falling, and other economy stories you need to read this week"
4579:
4387:
3971:
3605:
3502:
2954:
2867:. Washington, D.D.: International Food Policy Research Institute. pp. 1–14.
2814:
1854:
1552:
1495:
1373:
1372:
it is 100 times higher. Climate change worsens this type of land degradation and
1365:
1170:
682:
674:
577:
541:
443:
8635:
7045:
Africa's Renewed Partnership to End Hunger by 2025. Accessed on 1 November 2015.
6225:
5088:
4347:
4336:"Japan's Food Security Problem: Increasing Self-sufficiency in Traditional Food"
2917:
2154:
households experienced food insecurity. This insecurity has negative effects on
1991:
that wiped out the country's crops, which made food security a priority for Xi.
1652:
11199:
11116:
11050:
11045:
10764:
10742:
10677:
10600:
10528:
9742:
9658:
9623:
9613:
9603:
9448:
8209:
7865:
7746:
Morales, Alfonso (June 2009). "Public Markets as Community Development Tools".
7364:
6601:
6146:
Vermeulen, Sonja J.; Campbell, Bruce M.; Ingram, John S.I. (21 November 2012).
6061:
5812:"Fish oil and fishmeal industry harming food security in west Africa, warns UN"
5225:
3396:
2197:
2185:
1834:
1740:
In September 2022, the United States announced a $ 2.9 billion contribution to
1642:
took place at the FAO's headquarters in Rome between November 16 and 18, 2009.
1568:
1532:
intervening along the food supply chains to lower the cost of nutritious foods;
1453:
1303:
1231:
environment. It is estimated that by 2030, 75 million to 250 million people in
1218:
1214:
1179:
824:
686:
678:
141:
114:
110:
91:
8851:
8826:
8465:
8448:
8366:
8320:"30 by 30: Boosting food security in land-scarce Singapore | ASEAN Today"
8266:
8163:"The double burden of malnutrition Case studies from six developing countries"
8101:
6410:
6240:
6095:
6019:
5962:
5937:
4743:"Sudanese demonstrate high commodity prices as police crackdown on protesters"
4667:
4276:
4131:
3382:
3336:"Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of "coping strategies""
2491:
1465:
2000 and 2019, the global prevalence of child stunting declined by one-third.
403:
The 2021 edition of the SOFI report estimated the hunger excess linked to the
109:
and disruptions in global food supplies for example due to war. There is also
11809:
11504:
11229:
11214:
11209:
11194:
11015:
10969:
10727:
10267:
10216:
9588:
9493:
9473:
9413:
8901:
8860:
8827:"Prevalence of household food insecurity in wetland adjacent areas of Uganda"
8788:
8474:
8433:
8374:
8274:
8217:
8148:
7873:
7817:
7809:
7767:
7759:
7682:
7649:
7472:
7411:
7403:
7372:
7333:
7192:
6564:
6449:
6187:
Carter, Colin; Cui, Xiaomeng; Ghanem, Dalia; Mérel, Pierre (5 October 2018).
5844:
5678:
5490:
5433:
5178:
4789:
4088:
3117:
2985:
2918:"The food system and factors affecting household food security and nutrition"
2745:
Gary Bickel; Mark Nord; Cristofer Price; William Hamilton; John Cook (2000).
2637:
2255:
2201:
1952:
1718:
1685:
1646:
1395:
1356:
1331:
1187:
1116:
892:
874:
794:
644:
378:
95:
9080:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief
8892:
8250:
7695:
7324:
6978:
6685:"Heightened food insecurity predicts a range of disordered eating behaviors"
6188:
4595:"Which aid initiatives strengthen food security? Lessons from Uttar Pradesh"
4303:
4278:
3066:
2715:
2559:
494:
11592:
11477:
10875:
10634:
10316:
9653:
9598:
9341:
9290:
9268:
9246:
9224:
9202:
9190:
International trade and the resilience of national agrifood systems
9180:
9158:
9136:
9114:
9092:
9070:
8974:
8919:
8392:
8235:
8006:
7480:
7429:
6669:
6620:
6467:
5816:
5508:
4683:"Economic protests challenge Iran's leaders as hopes for nuclear deal fade"
4312:
4256:
4238:
3404:
3299:
Ballard, Terri; Coates, Jennifer; Swindale, Anne; Deitchler, Megan (2011).
3266:
3126:
3074:
2994:
2966:
2654:
2072:
1417:
1228:
1094:
698:
633:
625:
585:
137:
9433:
7495:"'Countdown to catastrophe': half of Afghans face hunger this winter – UN"
6107:
Mbow, C.; Rosenzweig, C.; Barioni, L. G.; Benton, T.; et al. (2019).
5481:
4998:"Food prices jump 20.7% yr/yr to hit record high in Feb, U.N. agency says"
512:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
11787:
11060:
11055:
11020:
10883:
10199:
9931:
9408:
8406:
van der Berg, Servaas; Patel, Leila; Bridgman, Grace (3 September 2022).
7791:"Marketplaces: Prospects for Social, Economic, and Political Development"
6441:
5368:"Fears global energy crisis could lead to famine in vulnerable countries"
5221:
2629:
2093:
2060:
2056:
1846:
1838:
1823:
1587:, while unconditional transfers could include general food distribution,
1391:
1258:
1245:
1136:
1108:
1098:
1066:
1010:
962:
842:
809:
772:
765:
629:
621:
592:
499:
451:
333:
20:
9168:
Ensuring economic access to healthy diets during times of crisis
8825:
Yikii, Fred; Turyahabwe, Nelson; Bashaasha, Bernard (27 November 2017).
8657:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7346:
4877:"A world of hurt: 2021 climate disasters raise alarm over food security"
4096:
4064:
3417:
2534:"Rome Declaration on Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action"
2527:
2525:
2523:
1386:
catches are already decreasing because of global warming and changes in
78:, shipping disruptions, fuel shortages, economic instability, and wars.
11219:
11204:
11030:
11010:
10084:
9458:
9443:
9403:
5929:
5169:
5159:
5142:
4434:
4080:
3011:
2492:"Food security and nutrition: building a global narrative towards 2030"
2298:"Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security"
2265:
1976:
1965:
1600:
1576:
1470:
1428:
1336:
1102:
776:
741:
694:
518:
447:
67:
51:
9146:
Robust transport networks support agrifood systems' resilience
7897:"'Operation empty plate': Xi Jinping makes food waste his next target"
7624:
Lawrence, Geoffrey; Richards, Carol; Lyons, Kristen (1 January 2013).
7464:
5981:
5109:"Coronavirus and the 5 major threats it poses to global food security"
4813:
4811:
4227:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1529:
strengthening resilience of the most vulnerable to economic adversity;
105:
There are many causes of food insecurity. The most important ones are
11488:
11434:
10888:
10254:
9633:
8941:
7547:
6908:
6837:
6797:
6757:
6717:
6563:
Arenas, D.J., Thomas, A., Wang, J. et al. J GEN INTERN MED (2019) ||
6532:
6489:
5875:
4542:
4025:
3772:
3725:
3676:
3618:
3570:
3515:
2520:
2460:
2089:
2046:
1842:
1355:
in the atmosphere. Higher temperatures and altered precipitation and
1202:
1132:
994:
974:
690:
581:
546:
198:
55:
8765:"Social protection for enhanced food security in sub-Saharan Africa"
6525:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief
6482:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief
6219:
6139:
6076:
5341:
5020:
4990:
4899:
4869:
4842:
4735:
4426:
4221:
Gregory, P. J.; Ingram, J. S. I.; Brklacich, M. (29 November 2005).
4220:
3563:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief
917:
856:
193:
As of 2015, the concept of food security has mostly focused on food
11281:
10326:
10249:
10210:
9276:
9254:
9210:
9188:
9166:
9144:
9122:
9078:
8667:
6710:
International trade and the resilience of national agrifood systems
6189:"Identifying the Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture"
5609:
5462:
5140:
4808:
4705:
4674:
4015:
1849:(some of the insects in the picture) are just a few of the options.
1819:
1781:
1764:
1735:
1572:
1360:
1254:
1250:
1022:
194:
122:
37:
7683:"Climate change in Australia: agricultural impacts and adaptation"
7665:
Canberra, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
7277:"Maggots and kelp must be on the menu to curb global malnutrition"
5193:"World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers"
4820:"How The Russia-Ukraine War Has Compounded The Global Food Crisis"
4506:. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute.
4129:
3302:
Household Hunger Scale: Indicator Definition and Measurement Guide
11254:
10569:
9381:
9006:"Report submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the right to food"
8408:"Food insecurity in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM wave 5"
8079:
7386:
Hilmers, Angela; Hilmers, David C.; Dave, Jayna (24 April 2017).
7219:
6180:
5935:
4413:
Tweeten, Luther (1999). "The Economics of Global Food Security".
2531:
2411:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
1944:
1798:
1592:
1383:
1308:
1112:
927:
737:
569:
363:
71:
33:
9234:
NENA Regional Network on Nutrition-sensitive Food System
8133:"Characteristics of Urban Food insecurity: The Case of Kinshasa"
6790:
Ensuring economic access to healthy diets during times of crisis
5996:"Measuring economic impacts of drought: a review and discussion"
5994:
Ding, Ya; Hayes, Michael J.; Widhalm, Melissa (30 August 2011).
3045:
Barrett, C. B. (11 February 2010). "Measuring Food Insecurity".
1911:
has also issued multiple warnings of worsening food insecurity.
1547:
1435:
1142:
1097:
in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and
11794:
10918:
10231:
8873:
7083:
Joachim von Braun; M.S. Swaminathan; Mark W. Rosegrant (2003).
5696:"Conference on Water Scarcity in Africa: Issues and Challenges"
4907:"Extreme winter drought devastates crops in Spain and Portugal"
4713:"'We are going to die': Food shortages worsen Sri Lanka crisis"
3929:
Kimbro, Rachel T.; Denney, Justin T.; Panchang, Sarita (2012).
2151:
2027:
1988:
1940:
1936:
1904:
1666:
1662:
1277:
in Madison, Wisconsin, from two days of recovery from dumpsters
954:
883:
656:
588:'s communist economic policy resulting in 7–10 million deaths.
565:
424:
420:
265:
133:
129:
63:
59:
41:
9300:
World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023
8192:
Mok, Wai Kit; Tan, Yong Xing; Chen, Wei Ning (1 August 2020).
6750:
Robust transport networks support agrifood systems' resilience
6226:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ed. (2022),
1611:
were established through infrastructure development programs.
10053:
8808:
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research
8801:
7066:
A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture
6115:
6087:
5663:"Analysing the Impact of Green Revolution on the Environment"
2780:
Trade Reforms and Food Security: Conceptualizing the Linkages
1815:
1670:
1653:
Improving agricultural productivity to benefit the rural poor
1645:
FAO has also created a partnership that will act through the
1312:
1018:
990:
986:
978:
945:
936:
910:
349:
Number of severely food insecure people by region (2014–2018)
248:
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (
75:
11782:
8447:
Chakona, Gamuchirai; Shackleton, Charlie M. (1 March 2019).
8348:
6633:
5754:"Better Water Security Translates into Better Food Security"
5313:
5285:"Soaring fertilizer prices put global food security at risk"
5058:"UN World Food Program seeks funds to avert COVID-19 famine"
4848:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
125:
and disease outbreaks that can all lead to food insecurity.
8155:
7442:
6106:
5722:"Coping With Water Scarcity: Challenge of the 21st Century"
1802:
1678:
Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture
1627:
1128:
982:
970:
901:
749:
725:
591:
In the late 20th century the Nobel Prize-winning economist
558:
428:
9278:
The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview
8481:
7662:
6484:. Rome: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2020. p. 16.
6280:
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
5845:"The Food Waste Fiasco: You Have to See it to Believe it!"
4279:"Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People"
3835:"Child Food Insecurity: The Economic Impact on our Nation"
3565:. Rome: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2020. p. 12.
3094:
3092:
3012:
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael; Segall-Correa, Ana Maria (2008).
1768:
Fight Hunger: Walk the World campaign is a United Nations
8405:
6583:
Fang, Di; Thomsen, Michael R.; Nayga, Rodolfo M. (2021).
6527:. Rome: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2020. p. 8.
6423:
6270:
3510:. Rome: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2020. p. 7.
3151:
2834:
2155:
1741:
1588:
1085:
supported with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers
8824:
8065:
Vlassenroot, Koen; Raeymaekers, Timothy (January 2008).
7953:
7951:
6234:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–36,
4968:"Somalia faces worst famine in half a century, UN warns"
4492:
4490:
4488:
3986:"The Right to Food, Gender Equality and Economic Policy"
3974:, World Food Programme Gender Policy Report. Rome, 2009.
3308:. Washington DC: FANTA-2 Bridge, FHI 360. Archived from
3267:
Coates, Jennifer; Anne Swindale; Paula Bilinsky (2007).
3231:
2924:. Rome: Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department.
1907:
due to collapsed economy and broken banking system. The
1155:
256:), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (
11459:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
8545:"Food Security | Western North Carolina Vitality Index"
7590:
6145:
3089:
10448:
International Conference on Population and Development
9376:
8064:
6273:"Chapter 5: Food, Fibre, and other Ecosystem Products"
5610:
Ian Sample in science correspondent (30 August 2007).
5316:"How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world"
5147:
International Journal of Food Science & Technology
4534:
World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023
2108:
Data from 2018 about food security in the U.S. shows:
1182:
and a decline of agricultural yields. Other causes of
1025:
lost 60–80% of their crops due to widespread drought.
390:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World)
11771:
8290:"Singapore sets 30% goal for home-grown food by 2030"
7948:
7623:
4485:
2405:
Declaration of the World Food Summit on Food Security
660:
Growth of World Food Supply (caloric base) per capita
270:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World
62:
life. Individuals who are food-secure do not live in
16:
Measure of the availability and accessibility of food
8659:
Measuring Food Insecurity and Hunger: Phase 1 Report
6186:
3928:
3478:"SDG Goals: End poverty in all its forms everywhere"
3098:
2857:
2687:"Chapter 2. Food security: concepts and measurement"
8249:Grimaccia, Elena; Naccarato, Alessia (1 May 2019).
7837:
on 1 August 2021 – via Sociable City Network.
7727:Li, T.; Fafard, St-Germain AA; Tarasuk, V. (2023).
7274:
5396:
5215:
4938:"Hunger-struck Africa needs liquidity, debt relief"
2532:Food and Agriculture Organization (November 1996).
2335:
FAO Agricultural and Development Economics Division
1780:(WFP) is an agency of the United Nations that uses
8248:
7385:
6332:"Global Health Is the Best Investment We Can Make"
4017:The status of women in agrifood systems - Overview
2807:
1694:United States Agency for International Development
1591:or cash transfers. A third approach is the use of
1526:scaling up climate resilience across food systems;
1036:
457:
8446:
8067:Beyond relief: food security in protracted crises
7850:
7676:
7674:
6390:
4496:
4381:Food self-sufficiency rate fell below 40% in 2010
3919:JournalistsResource.org. Retrieved April 13, 2012
2752:. USDA Food and Nutrition Service. Archived from
1696:(USAID) proposes several key steps to increasing
734:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
11807:
8710:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
6955:. Fas.usda.gov. 22 February 2005. Archived from
6582:
5993:
4778:"Ukraine Invasion Threatens Global Wheat Supply"
2809:"Raj Patel: 'Food sovereignty' is next big idea"
2292:
2290:
2179:
1973:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
1178:often leads to a vicious cycle of exhaustion of
677:is determined by a variety of factors including
580:. One economic policy example of famine was the
407:at 30 million people by the end of the decade –
320:
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4592:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
1994:
1903:reported that Afghanistan is facing widespread
357:Food insecurity levels by region and sex (2022)
11483:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
8130:
7671:
7617:
7445:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
7078:
7076:
6863:The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012
6519:
6517:
6033:Ndiritu, S. Wagura; Muricho, Geoffrey (2021).
6032:
5860:
5858:
5458:
5456:
4158:"Hunger is a problem of poverty, not scarcity"
2615:
1506:
1501:
1407:
793:productivity, which can be caused by illness.
771:Nutritional values of the household determine
11608:
10585:
10069:
9947:
9362:
9342:Food Security Communications Toolkit from FAO
8287:
7926:Donnellon-May, Genevieve (12 February 2022).
7925:
6832:(2021 ed.). Rome: FAO. 2021. p. 7.
6384:
5089:https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_01
4680:
4565:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3663:
3661:
3600:
3598:
3152:Cafiero, Carlo; Viviani, S.; Nord, M (2018).
2287:
2042:Agriculture in Singapore § Food security
1729:
1436:Stunting and chronic nutritional deficiencies
1402:
1143:Disruption in global food supplies due to war
744:shortages and maintain their access to food.
385:between 2010 and 2018 to reach 70.8 million.
11622:
9289: This article incorporates text from a
9267: This article incorporates text from a
9259:, FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO, FAO.
9245: This article incorporates text from a
9223: This article incorporates text from a
9201: This article incorporates text from a
9179: This article incorporates text from a
9157: This article incorporates text from a
9135: This article incorporates text from a
9113: This article incorporates text from a
9091: This article incorporates text from a
9069: This article incorporates text from a
8934:FAO at 75 – Grow, nourish, sustain. Together
7591:"Understanding food insecurity in Australia"
6295:
6293:
5661:Tiwari, Prof Anil Kumar (9 September 2022).
5399:"Millions face famine as crop disease rages"
4393:
4263:
4203:
3014:"Food Insecurity measurement and indicators"
2911:
2909:
2747:"Guide to Measuring Household Food Security"
2653:
1924:Climate change may present future challenges
1603:is an example of a country that has met the
1055:International Food Policy Research Institute
831:
10473:United Nations world population conferences
9003:
7306:Tao, Jaynie; Li, Yao Olive (6 March 2018).
7073:
6822:
6514:
5855:
5453:
3990:Center for Women's Global Leadership (CWGL)
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2560:"1996 Summit on World Food Security Report"
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
1626:The World Summit on Food Security, held in
1111:is a major feedstock for the production of
639:
264:), and the United Nations Children's Fund (
128:The effects of food insecurity can include
11615:
11601:
11554:
10592:
10578:
10386:Population and housing censuses by country
10076:
10062:
9961:
9954:
9940:
9369:
9355:
9215:, FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, FAO.
8601:"USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics"
8575:"USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics"
8191:
7748:Journal of Planning Education and Research
6565:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05202-4
6152:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
5978:Chapter 5: Food, fibre and forest products
5842:
5667:International Journal of New Media Studies
5429:"Billions at risk from wheat super-blight"
3750:
3701:
3658:
3595:
2397:
2395:
2358:
2356:
2219:UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food
1065:in 2014 led to increases in the prices of
11494:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
9083:, 44, FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, .
8909:
8891:
8850:
8464:
8423:
8382:
8225:
8100:
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7976:
7846:
7844:
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7694:
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7323:
6659:
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6290:
6239:
6163:
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5498:
5480:
5168:
5158:
5106:
4302:
4246:
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3116:
3029:
2984:
2564:1996 Summit on World Food Security Report
1750:U.S. Agency for International Development
1480:
1325:Effects of climate change § Food security
1073:
374:southern Asia the regions most affected.
274:The State of Food Insecurity in the World
11522:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
10109:Estimates of historical world population
9649:Social determinants of health in poverty
9484:Social determinants of health in poverty
9293:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 (
8762:
7680:
5244:
3232:Swindale, A. & Bilinsky, P. (2006).
2886:
2477:
2191:
2088:
1860:
1828:
1763:
1748:in New York. $ 2 billion will go to the
1682:International Water Management Institute
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1439:
1330:
1268:
1122:
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1040:
916:
855:
720:
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545:
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352:
344:
332:
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10011:National (subject specific deprivation)
9925:Measurements and definitions of poverty
9030:
8198:Trends in Food Science & Technology
8137:African Review of Economics and Finance
7788:
7745:
7246:"Outcome – Copenhagen Consensus Center"
5809:
5782:
5397:Robin McKie; Xan Rice (22 April 2007).
4775:
4412:
4051:The Cambridge History of SouthEast Asia
3936:Journal of Applied Research on Children
3333:
3044:
2392:
2353:
2211:
1758:United States Department of Agriculture
1632:Rome Declaration on World Food Security
1456:or stunted growth. This process starts
1444:A child in Dolo Ado facing malnutrition
477:Journal of Applied Research on Children
172:United States Department of Agriculture
170:, on the other hand, as defined by the
11808:
11092:Corporate environmental responsibility
9841:Scottish index of multiple deprivation
9529:
9004:De Schutter, Olivier (December 2010).
8187:
8185:
8183:
7841:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7588:
7160:House, The White (21 September 2022).
6953:"World Food Summit: Basic Information"
6205:10.1146/annurev-resource-100517-022938
5690:
5688:
5660:
5533:from the original on 29 September 2022
4935:
4593:Petrikova Ivica, Hudson David (2017).
3482:The United Nations Statistics Division
2174:
2158:transmission and household stability.
1579:, or access to services could promote
1264:
296:Household Food Insecurity Access Scale
11596:
10573:
10057:
9935:
9537:Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
9350:
9044:from the original on 10 December 2019
8525:from the original on 23 December 2019
8495:from the original on 22 November 2019
8300:from the original on 25 December 2019
8112:from the original on 8 September 2018
8069:. Practical Action. pp. 157–168.
8019:
7305:
7287:from the original on 30 December 2021
7199:from the original on 17 December 2016
7159:
6989:from the original on 11 November 2021
6979:"Rome Declaration and Plan of Action"
6682:
6312:from the original on 12 December 2022
6165:10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608
6127:from the original on 27 November 2019
5785:"Overfishing threatens food security"
5591:from the original on 12 November 2020
5136:
5134:
5107:Programme, World Food (28 May 2020).
5038:from the original on 15 February 2023
4796:from the original on 24 February 2022
4649:
4513:from the original on 14 February 2020
4062:
3883:from the original on 10 November 2019
3847:from the original on 11 November 2019
3789:from the original on 17 December 2022
2805:
2708:
2649:
2647:
2611:
2609:
2582:"Food Security and Famine and Hunger"
2508:from the original on 20 December 2022
2499:High Level Panel of Experts Report 15
2380:from the original on 22 December 2018
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2304:from the original on 22 November 2019
1721:through education and improved health
1156:Environmental degradation and overuse
498:A Kenyan woman farmer at work in the
11465:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
10542:
9562:Social determinants of mental health
9271:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9205:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9183:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9161:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9139:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9117:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9095:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
9073:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
8744:from the original on 27 October 2022
8714:from the original on 26 October 2022
8611:from the original on 19 January 2020
8581:from the original on 19 January 2020
8330:from the original on 9 December 2019
7605:from the original on 15 January 2023
7340:
7256:from the original on 16 January 2013
7226:from the original on 29 January 2017
7172:from the original on 25 October 2022
7141:from the original on 25 October 2022
7025:from the original on 24 October 2018
6933:from the original on 8 February 2021
6372:from the original on 27 January 2023
6342:from the original on 27 January 2023
5843:Greenfield, Robin (6 October 2014).
5764:from the original on 5 February 2022
5441:from the original on 15 January 2023
5265:from the original on 15 January 2023
5119:from the original on 15 January 2023
5068:from the original on 23 October 2020
4978:from the original on 16 January 2023
4948:from the original on 16 January 2023
4681:Dehghanpisheh, Babak (27 May 2022).
4631:from the original on 25 October 2020
4333:
3996:from the original on 3 December 2013
3909:from the original on 29 October 2013
3458:from the original on 9 December 2017
3364:from the original on 15 January 2023
3184:from the original on 9 December 2022
2874:from the original on 3 February 2015
2822:from the original on 15 January 2023
2575:
2573:
2540:from the original on 8 February 2019
2418:from the original on 19 October 2018
1808:
1542:
1487:social determinants of mental health
1339:), population at risk of hunger and
1273:Food recovered by food waste critic
598:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
388:Recent editions of the SOFI report (
268:) collaborate every year to produce
10478:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
9982:Multiple Deprivation 2000 (IMD2000)
9929:Social responsibility organizations
8972:
8180:
7907:from the original on 13 August 2020
7894:
7715:
7570:from the original on 30 August 2022
7275:Lipscombe-Southwell, Alice (2021).
6876:from the original on 4 October 2018
6193:Annual Review of Resource Economics
5870:. Rome: FAO. 2023. pp. 15–16.
5810:McVeigh, Karen (10 February 2022).
5685:
5378:from the original on 9 January 2022
4525:
4473:from the original on 2 January 2023
4138:from the original on 3 January 2021
3947:from the original on 3 January 2020
3646:from the original on 4 January 2023
3543:from the original on 4 January 2023
2928:from the original on 2 October 2018
2915:
2787:from the original on 26 August 2010
2679:
2401:
2134:Food insecurity is recognized as a
1160:
836:
620:, and the blockade of Japan during
341:in 2010–12 (by region, in millions)
13:
11107:Environmental full-cost accounting
10599:
10041:Information graphics about poverty
8763:Devereux, Stephen (1 April 2016).
7789:Morales, Alfonso (February 2011).
7703:from the original on 16 April 2021
6395:. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
6299:
6000:Disaster Prevention and Management
5892:from the original on 29 April 2021
5824:from the original on 22 April 2022
5622:from the original on 29 April 2016
5203:from the original on 18 March 2020
5131:
4917:from the original on 10 March 2022
4849:United Nations Secretary-General.
4362:from the original on 12 March 2020
4223:"Climate change and food security"
4160:. 23 February 2010. Archived from
4111:from the original on 12 April 2022
4008:
3099:Swindale, A; Bilinsky, P. (2006).
2738:
2726:from the original on 28 April 2021
2644:
2606:
2579:
2316:
324:
260:), the World Health Organization (
14:
11852:
11041:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
10370:Population and Development Review
9306:
9018:from the original on 11 July 2019
9011:. United Nations. pp. 1–21.
8985:from the original on 17 June 2022
8629:USDA, Food Security Measurement.
8131:Lebailly, P.; Muteba, D. (2011).
7936:from the original on 8 March 2022
7392:American Journal of Public Health
6148:"Climate Change and Food Systems"
5734:from the original on 6 March 2015
5559:from the original on 21 June 2019
5008:from the original on 6 March 2022
4817:
4776:Swanson, Ana (24 February 2022).
4693:from the original on 10 June 2022
3178:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.065
2695:Food and Agriculture Organization
2570:
2142:economic factors such as income.
1565:Food and Agriculture Organization
1297:
1208:
1030:Food and Agriculture Organization
819:
650:Food and Agriculture Organization
398:The State of Food and Agriculture
302:Household Dietary Diversity Scale
11793:
11781:
11553:
11542:
11541:
11511:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
10554:
10553:
10541:
10418:Population concern organizations
10124:Projections of population growth
9896:Gender-related Development Index
9284:
9262:
9240:
9227:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA (
9218:
9196:
9174:
9152:
9130:
9108:
9086:
9064:
8997:
8966:
8926:
8867:
8818:
8795:
8756:
8726:
8696:
8684:from the original on 6 July 2008
8650:
8623:
8593:
8567:
8555:from the original on 18 May 2022
8537:
8507:
8440:
8399:
8342:
8312:
8281:
8242:
8124:
8073:
8058:
8046:from the original on 7 June 2020
8013:
7929:"China's Focus on Food Security"
7919:
7888:
7782:
7739:
7687:Australasian Agribusiness Review
7656:
7595:Child Family Community Australia
7582:
7535:from the original on 12 May 2022
7517:
7505:from the original on 9 June 2022
7487:
7436:
7379:
7299:
7268:
7238:
7211:
7184:
7153:
7123:
7105:
7064:Water for food, Water for life:
7056:
7037:
7001:
6971:
6945:
6854:
6782:
6742:
6702:
6676:
6652:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.018
6627:
6576:
6557:
6474:
6417:
6354:
6324:
6264:
6100:
6026:
5987:
5970:
5904:
5783:Gilbert, Helen (18 April 2019).
5409:from the original on 10 May 2019
5295:from the original on 25 May 2022
4936:Bavier, Joe (30 November 2022).
4887:from the original on 24 May 2022
4830:from the original on 17 May 2022
4757:from the original on 4 June 2022
4723:from the original on 9 June 2022
4568:Environmental Science and Policy
4415:Review of Agricultural Economics
3832:
2948:Women: The key to food security.
2341:from the original on 15 May 2012
2078:
2020:This section is an excerpt from
1323:This section is an excerpt from
850:World food crises (2022–present)
848:This section is an excerpt from
243:Food Insecurity Experience Scale
11097:Corporate social responsibility
11026:Ocean thermal energy conversion
10965:Community-supported agriculture
10650:Human impact on the environment
10519:Human impact on the environment
10453:Population Action International
8936:. Rome: FAO. 2020. p. 31.
8831:Agriculture & Food Security
8704:"Social Determinants of Health"
7217:
7190:
7093:from the original on 8 May 2013
7009:"World Summit on Food Security"
6430:Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
6426:"Severe childhood malnutrition"
5836:
5803:
5776:
5746:
5714:
5654:
5603:
5571:
5545:
5515:
5421:
5390:
5360:
5307:
5277:
5238:
5185:
5100:
5080:
5050:
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4929:
4857:from the original on 5 May 2022
4769:
4643:
4586:
4559:
4449:
4374:
4327:
4182:
4176:
4150:
4123:
4056:
4040:
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3959:
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3859:
3826:
3801:
3555:
3495:
3470:
3438:
3411:
3376:
3327:
3292:
3260:
3225:
3196:
3145:
3038:
3031:10.1590/s1415-52732008000500003
3005:
2960:
2940:
2806:Patel, Raj (20 November 2013).
2799:
2771:
2618:Asia-Pacific Population Journal
2096:about food insecurity in the US
2066:
1971:Calling food waste "shameful",
1744:of global food security at the
1684:(IWMI), managing rainwater and
1246:overexploitation of fish stocks
1037:Pandemics and disease outbreaks
668:
557:cut off India's main supply of
458:Vulnerable groups most affected
433:Latin America and the Caribbean
11337:Socially responsible marketing
10468:United Nations Population Fund
10083:
9970:National (general deprivation)
9829:Physical Quality of Life Index
9823:Multidimensional Poverty Index
8453:World Development Perspectives
8355:Journal of Affective Disorders
8288:Chang Ai-Lien (8 March 2019).
7798:Journal of Planning Literature
7642:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.12.005
6683:Dolan, Eric W. (30 May 2023).
4656:The Journal of Peasant Studies
4390:, Japan Times, August 12, 2011
2552:
2184:October 16 has been chosen as
1893:
1761:priorities on four continents.
1665:he has grown on his farm near
1485:Food insecurity is one of the
1341:disability-adjusted life years
1239:
1089:Between 1950 and 1984, as the
1003:2021–2023 global energy crisis
985:were most affected. Prices of
758:
584:(Great Famine) induced by the
475:in 2009. A 2012 study in the
473:U.S. Department of Agriculture
285:Prevalence of undernourishment
221:
1:
11528:Sustainable Development Goals
11332:Socially responsible business
9857:Progress out of Poverty Index
9784:Disability-adjusted life year
9753:Social determinants of health
8781:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.03.009
8425:10.1080/0376835X.2022.2062299
5579:"Chapter 4: Land Degradation"
5248:Green Energy: An A-to-Z Guide
4614:10.1080/09614524.2017.1285271
3984:Spieldoch, Alexandra (2011).
3432:10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.02.004
2858:Ecker and Breisinger (2012).
2281:
2226:Sustainable Development Goals
2180:Food security related UN days
1882:
1711:Securing property rights and
1640:World Summit on Food Security
1345:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
693:breeding and management; and
417:Sustainable Development Goals
337:Number of people affected by
321:Prevalence of food insecurity
252:), the World Food Programme (
151:
9680:Homeless Vulnerability Index
9332:Resources in other libraries
9295:license statement/permission
9273:license statement/permission
9251:license statement/permission
9229:license statement/permission
9207:license statement/permission
9185:license statement/permission
9163:license statement/permission
9141:license statement/permission
9119:license statement/permission
9097:license statement/permission
9075:license statement/permission
7988:10.1371/journal.pone.0085327
7895:Kuo, Lily (13 August 2020).
6640:Journal of Adolescent Health
4580:10.1016/j.envsci.2008.10.006
4497:Garrett, J; Ruel, M (1999).
4457:"The Right to Adequate Food"
3355:10.1016/0306-9192(96)00005-X
2136:social determinant of health
2128:National Academy of Sciences
2035:
2001:Democratic Republic of Congo
1995:Democratic Republic of Congo
1914:
782:
197:rather than the quality and
7:
11357:Sustainability organization
11142:Standards and certification
10733:Social return on investment
10493:World Population Foundation
10483:World Population Conference
10396:World population milestones
10023:Department of Environment's
8632:"Food Security Measurement"
8491:Economic Research Service.
8489:"Food Security in the U.S."
8412:Development Southern Africa
7250:www.copenhagenconsensus.com
5437:(2598): 6–7. 3 April 2007.
4881:Mongabay Environmental News
4464:United Nations Human Rights
4348:10.6084/m9.figshare.5220820
3334:Maxwell, Daniel G. (1996).
2239:
2206:Declaration of Human Rights
2085:Hunger in the United States
1680:, a major study led by the
1605:Millennium Development Goal
1507:Agrifood systems resilience
1502:Approaches to food security
1425:International Monetary Fund
1408:Social and economic impacts
1149:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1007:Russian invasion of Ukraine
574:greatest famines in history
462:
272:, or SOFI report (known as
10:
11857:
10782:Systemic change resistance
10365:Population and Environment
10018:Underprivileged area score
9846:Townsend deprivation index
9695:Genuine progress indicator
9675:Below Poverty Line (India)
9059:
8734:"What is Food Insecurity?"
8255:Social Indicators Research
8210:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.013
8029:. Earth Policy Institute.
7866:10.1007/s12571-019-00961-8
7681:Kingwell, Ross S. (2006).
7365:10.26596/wn.2021124176-189
7281:BBC Science Focus Magazine
6602:10.1186/s12889-021-10631-0
6391:Svefors, Pernilla (2018).
6228:"Summary for Policymakers"
6109:"Chapter 5: Food Security"
6062:10.1007/s10584-021-03180-3
4063:Torry, William I. (1986).
3397:10.1016/j.puhe.2006.02.009
2663:Cambridge University Press
2082:
2039:
2019:
1886:
1864:
1853:With over 2000 identified
1790:Food Assistance Convention
1754:Feed the Future Initiative
1733:
1730:Development aid activities
1563:Over the last decade, the
1403:Effects of food insecurity
1322:
1212:
1164:
847:
840:
606:People's Republic of China
555:Japanese conquest of Burma
539:
535:
487:
431:, and about 14 million in
18:
11841:Effects of climate change
11628:
11537:
11448:
11385:
11157:
11084:
10993:
10960:Climate-smart agriculture
10945:
10917:
10874:
10828:
10795:
10668:
10625:
10607:
10537:
10501:
10426:
10378:
10357:
10275:Human population planning
10240:
10186:
10137:
10099:Demographics of the world
10091:
10037:
10010:
9997:Deprivation 2010 (ID2010)
9992:Deprivation 2007 (ID2007)
9987:Deprivation 2004 (ID2004)
9969:
9921:Income inequality metrics
9914:
9888:
9872:
9865:
9803:
9766:
9725:
9718:
9667:
9581:
9574:
9557:Poverty and mental health
9522:
9502:
9424:Environmental degradation
9396:
9389:
9327:Resources in your library
8852:10.1186/s40066-017-0147-z
8466:10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.001
8367:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.040
8267:10.1007/s11205-018-1975-3
8102:10.1017/S0030605311000202
8023:Full Planet, Empty Plates
8020:Brown, Lester R. (2012).
7589:Bowden, Mitchell (2009).
6241:10.1017/9781009157964.001
6096:10.1017/9781009157988.001
6020:10.1108/09653561111161752
5963:10.1007/s10584-016-1606-4
5245:Mulvaney, Dustin (2011).
4668:10.1080/03066150903143079
4537:. FAO. 29 November 2023.
2145:
2124:Current Population Survey
2103:Economic Research Service
2014:
1930:
1698:agricultural productivity
1557:agricultural productivity
1489:. A recent comprehensive
832:Causes of food insecurity
800:
716:
517:At the global level, the
140:in childhood can lead to
121:, agricultural diseases,
11836:Food and the environment
11623:Food security by country
11102:Environmental accounting
10851:Sustainable architecture
10841:Environmental technology
10280:Compulsory sterilization
9774:India State Hunger Index
9701:Legatum Prosperity Index
9685:Misery index (economics)
8549:www.wncvitalityindex.org
8515:"USDA ERS – Measurement"
7810:10.1177/0885412210388040
7760:10.1177/0739456X08329471
7630:Journal of Rural Studies
7404:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300865
6336:European Investment Bank
6084:Summary for Policymakers
3105:The Journal of Nutrition
2973:The Journal of Nutrition
2861:The Food Security System
2165:
1959:
1889:Right to food by country
1617:greenhouse gas emissions
640:Pillars of food security
596:of governments, such as
490:Gender and food security
483:
281:Number of undernourished
201:of food. The concept of
19:Not to be confused with
11821:Sustainable food system
10975:Sustainable agriculture
10222:Malthusian growth model
9880:Feminization of poverty
9817:Human Development Index
8893:10.3390/children6060077
7696:10.22004/AG.ECON.126110
7312:Food Quality and Safety
7113:"USAID – Food Security"
7050:28 January 2020 at the
6284:Sixth Assessment Report
5849:www.robingreenfield.org
4851:"Highlight 04 May 2022"
4602:Development in Practice
4304:10.1126/science.1185383
3067:10.1126/science.1182768
2234:sustainable agriculture
2022:Food security in Mexico
1585:school feeding programs
1581:agricultural production
314:Coping Strategies Index
11518:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
11387:Sustainable management
11372:Urban drainage systems
11112:Environmental planning
11076:Water recycling shower
11066:Tidal stream generator
10861:Sustainable industries
10820:Sustainable population
10805:Demographic transition
10787:Tragedy of the commons
10349:Zero population growth
10344:Sustainable population
10268:Malthusian catastrophe
10227:Overshoot (population)
10104:Demographic transition
9963:Indices of Deprivation
9733:Disability and poverty
9489:Violence against women
8120:– via Cambridge.
5527:Asian Development Bank
5232:June 11, 2007, at the
4334:Lama, Pravhat (2017).
4239:10.1098/rstb.2005.1745
4053:Vol.II Part 1 pp139-40
3118:10.1093/jn/136.5.1449s
2986:10.1093/jn/136.5.1404S
2246:Agricultural economics
2097:
1981:Operation Empty Plate.
1850:
1773:
1673:
1560:
1481:Mental health outcomes
1445:
1390:. In combination with
1348:
1278:
1086:
1074:Fossil fuel dependence
1046:
958:
914:
729:
661:
653:
618:Battle of the Atlantic
562:
551:Bengali famine of 1943
503:
396:FAO's 2021 edition of
358:
350:
342:
330:
308:Household Hunger Scale
231:
216:nutritional deficiency
44:
11410:Humanistic capitalism
11225:Environmental finance
10866:Sustainable packaging
10458:Population Connection
10322:Mere addition paradox
10161:Physiological density
9552:psychological poverty
9510:Social Progress Index
9038:"Goal 2: Zero Hunger"
7325:10.1093/fqsafe/fyy001
7070:Earthscan/IWMI, 2007.
6368:. 30 September 2022.
5789:foodmanufacture.co.uk
5529:. 29 September 2022.
5482:10.3390/foods11142098
5251:. SAGE. p. 301.
2261:Nutritional economics
2192:Human rights approach
2092:
2083:Further information:
1909:UN World Food Program
1877:environmental justice
1873:Food Justice Movement
1867:Food Justice Movement
1861:Food Justice Movement
1832:
1767:
1660:
1550:
1443:
1334:
1272:
1131:, a lineage of wheat
1123:Agricultural diseases
1081:
1044:
920:
859:
841:Further information:
724:
659:
647:
549:
540:Further information:
497:
413:Zero Hunger or Goal 2
356:
348:
336:
328:
229:
179:World Food Conference
146:cognitive development
31:
11377:Urban infrastructure
11071:Water heat recycling
10894:Conservation biology
10738:Steady-state economy
10713:Micro-sustainability
10698:Ecological footprint
10655:Planetary boundaries
10488:World Population Day
10443:Church of Euthanasia
10332:Non-identity problem
10307:Political demography
10263:Human overpopulation
10045:Poverty-related maps
10039:Commons categories:
9758:Poverty and violence
9542:Learned helplessness
9479:Social vulnerability
9454:Relative deprivation
9429:Environmental racism
8740:. Feeding America®.
7531:. 11 November 2021.
6442:10.1038/nrdp.2017.67
5555:. Earth-policy.org.
5034:. 10 February 2023.
5032:World Economic Forum
4913:. 13 February 2022.
4751:Agence France-Presse
3767:. Cairo: FAO. 2023.
2630:10.18356/6ef1e09a-en
2212:United Nations Goals
2200:(UN) recognized the
1822:, and fungi-derived
1794:Copenhagen Consensus
1778:World Food Programme
1770:World Food Programme
1706:agricultural science
1661:A farmer holding up
1555:is used to increase
1380:and other staples.
1186:include for example
1051:World Food Programme
207:nutritional security
11478:Earth Summit (1992)
11132:Metrics and indices
10985:Sustainable fishery
10904:Holocene extinction
10723:Product stewardship
10693:Earth Overshoot Day
10337:Reproductive rights
10168:Population dynamics
10119:Population momentum
9902:Gender Parity Index
9851:Living Planet Index
9811:Human Poverty Index
9779:Global Hunger Index
9547:Psychological abuse
9419:Diseases of poverty
9297:). Text taken from
9275:). Text taken from
9253:). Text taken from
9231:). Text taken from
9209:). Text taken from
9187:). Text taken from
9165:). Text taken from
9143:). Text taken from
9121:). Text taken from
9099:). Text taken from
9077:). Text taken from
8843:2017AgFS....6...63Y
7978:2014PLoSO...985327M
7501:. 25 October 2021.
7457:2018JSFA...98..429R
7193:"Mission Statement"
7119:on 26 October 2004.
6869:. Rome: FAO. 2012.
6792:. Rome: FAO. 2021.
6752:. Rome: FAO. 2021.
6712:. Rome: FAO. 2021.
6054:2021ClCh..167...24N
6012:2011DisPM..20..434D
5954:2016ClCh..136..189H
5374:. 20 October 2021.
5334:2008NatGe...1..636E
5222:Eating Fossil Fuels
5064:. 13 October 2020.
4687:The Washington Post
4650:Patel, Raj (2009).
4295:2010Sci...327..812G
4233:(1463): 2139–2148.
4164:on 30 December 2019
4020:. Rome: FAO. 2023.
3876:The Washington Post
3869:The Washington Post
3720:. Rome: FAO. 2021.
3671:. Rome: FAO. 2021.
3613:. Rome: FAO. 2021.
3315:on 7 September 2012
3280:on 14 February 2020
3248:on 7 September 2012
3170:2018Meas..116..146C
3059:2010Sci...327..825B
3018:Revista de Nutrição
2657:(2004). "chpt. 3".
2276:Theories of famines
2230:Goal 2: Zero Hunger
2175:Society and culture
1964:The persistence of
1788:In April 2012, the
1746:UN General Assembly
1287:food loss and waste
1265:Food loss and waste
522:Indicator (2.2.3).
446:. Regions like the
212:nutrition education
10937:Sustainable energy
10899:Endangered species
10856:Sustainable design
10770:Consumer behaviour
10463:Population Matters
10178:Population pyramid
10156:Population density
10151:Population decline
9790:Global Peace Index
9594:Culture of poverty
9464:Social deprivation
9439:Governance failure
9105:, 24, FAO, FAO.
8324:www.aseantoday.com
7566:. 6 October 2015.
7529:Human Rights Watch
7135:www.agri-pulse.com
6959:on 4 February 2011
6570:2022-11-12 at the
5791:. Food Manufacture
5646:has generic name (
5160:10.1111/ijfs.17106
5094:2023-01-15 at the
4782:The New York Times
4652:"Food sovereignty"
4386:2012-04-26 at the
4081:10.1007/BF00213018
3970:2016-03-05 at the
3111:(5): 1449S–1452S.
2979:(5): 1404S–1408S.
2953:2023-01-15 at the
2759:on 4 November 2013
2594:on 21 October 2013
2271:Subsistence crisis
2098:
1901:Human Rights Watch
1851:
1835:insects are edible
1774:
1674:
1609:Irrigation systems
1589:emergency food aid
1561:
1446:
1388:biochemical cycles
1349:
1279:
1225:Sub-Saharan Africa
1087:
1047:
967:Sub-Saharan Africa
959:
915:
730:
689:, and management;
685:; crop selection,
662:
654:
602:Great Leap Forward
563:
504:
359:
351:
343:
331:
241:has developed the
232:
203:nutrition security
159:as defined by the
45:
11831:Urban agriculture
11769:
11768:
11590:
11589:
11516:Earth Summit 2002
11499:Lisbon Principles
11471:Our Common Future
11149:Sustainable yield
10955:Civic agriculture
10708:Green consumption
10645:Global governance
10567:
10566:
10438:7 Billion Actions
10312:Population ethics
10205:Carrying capacity
10114:Population growth
10051:
10050:
10031:
10030:
9910:
9909:
9835:Laeken indicators
9799:
9798:
9714:
9713:
9706:Poverty gap index
9644:Secondary poverty
9629:Poverty threshold
9619:Human trafficking
9570:
9569:
9518:
9517:
9313:Library resources
8973:Nations, United.
8951:978-92-5-133359-4
8677:978-0-309-09596-9
8662:. Nap.edu. 2005.
8638:on 7 January 2011
8326:. 21 March 2019.
8294:The Straits Times
8036:978-0-393-34415-8
7613:– via CFCA.
7465:10.1002/jsfa.8530
7220:"Food For Assets"
7062:Molden, D. (Ed).
6918:978-92-5-132901-6
6847:978-92-5-134634-1
6807:978-92-5-135331-8
6767:978-92-5-135333-2
6727:978-92-5-135332-5
6589:BMC Public Health
6542:978-92-5-132910-8
6499:978-92-5-132910-8
6402:978-91-513-0305-5
6251:978-1-009-15796-4
5758:New Security Beat
5321:Nature Geoscience
5258:978-1-4129-9677-8
5197:Our World in Data
4972:www.aljazeera.com
4883:. 4 August 2021.
4753:. 14 March 2022.
4552:978-92-5-138262-2
4289:(5967): 812–818.
3782:978-92-5-137438-2
3735:978-92-5-135208-3
3686:978-92-5-134634-1
3628:978-92-5-134325-8
3580:978-92-5-132910-8
3525:978-92-5-132901-6
3053:(5967): 825–828.
2783:. FAO, UN. 2003.
2470:978-92-5-134634-1
2251:Food price crisis
1985:COVID-19 outbreak
1809:Alternative diets
1713:access to finance
1676:According to the
1543:Approaches by FAO
1496:disordered eating
1491:systematic review
1450:Human populations
1176:Intensive farming
999:COVID-19 pandemic
921:Commodity prices
790:natural disasters
710:Food distribution
703:natural resources
572:and war, but the
507:Gender inequality
405:COVID-19 pandemic
368:income inequality
161:World Food Summit
100:World Food Summit
11848:
11798:
11797:
11786:
11785:
11777:
11617:
11610:
11603:
11594:
11593:
11557:
11556:
11545:
11544:
11489:Agenda 21 (1992)
11460:
11425:Natural resource
11312:Organic movement
11287:Impact investing
11006:Hydroelectricity
10980:Sustainable diet
10932:Renewable energy
10927:Carbon footprint
10909:Invasive species
10846:Natural building
10797:World population
10758:Marketing myopia
10718:Over-consumption
10688:Circular economy
10683:Anti-consumerism
10640:Environmentalism
10594:
10587:
10580:
10571:
10570:
10557:
10556:
10545:
10544:
10514:Green Revolution
10295:Two-child policy
10290:One-child policy
10213:
10173:Population model
10129:World population
10078:
10071:
10064:
10055:
10054:
9956:
9949:
9942:
9933:
9932:
9870:
9869:
9804:Complex measures
9723:
9722:
9690:Gini coefficient
9579:
9578:
9527:
9526:
9469:Social exclusion
9394:
9393:
9371:
9364:
9357:
9348:
9347:
9288:
9266:
9244:
9222:
9200:
9178:
9156:
9134:
9112:
9090:
9068:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9049:
9034:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9023:
9017:
9010:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8990:
8970:
8964:
8963:
8942:10.4060/cb1182en
8930:
8924:
8923:
8913:
8895:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8854:
8822:
8816:
8815:
8799:
8793:
8792:
8760:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8700:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8654:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8643:
8634:. Archived from
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8605:www.ers.usda.gov
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8571:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8519:www.ers.usda.gov
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8468:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8427:
8403:
8397:
8396:
8386:
8346:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8316:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8305:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8246:
8240:
8239:
8229:
8189:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8173:
8159:
8153:
8152:
8128:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8111:
8104:
8086:
8077:
8071:
8070:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8045:
8028:
8017:
8011:
8010:
8000:
7990:
7980:
7955:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7932:. The Diplomat.
7931:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7892:
7886:
7885:
7860:(5): 1071–1086.
7848:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7830:. Archived from
7829:
7795:
7786:
7780:
7779:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7724:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7698:
7678:
7669:
7668:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7621:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7556:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7423:
7398:(9): 1644–1654.
7383:
7377:
7376:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7327:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7242:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7215:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7157:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7146:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7115:. Archived from
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7080:
7071:
7060:
7054:
7041:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7024:
7013:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6949:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6909:10.4060/ca9692en
6895:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6868:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6838:10.4060/cb5409en
6826:
6820:
6819:
6798:10.4060/cb7661en
6786:
6780:
6779:
6758:10.4060/cb7663en
6746:
6740:
6739:
6718:10.4060/cb7662en
6706:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6663:
6631:
6625:
6624:
6614:
6604:
6580:
6574:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6533:10.4060/ca9699en
6521:
6512:
6511:
6490:10.4060/ca9699en
6478:
6472:
6471:
6461:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6277:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6243:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6167:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6126:
6113:
6104:
6098:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6039:
6030:
6024:
6023:
5991:
5985:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5876:10.4060/cc3657en
5862:
5853:
5852:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5760:. 8 April 2019.
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5726:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5698:. Archived from
5692:
5683:
5682:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5645:
5641:
5639:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5590:
5583:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5502:
5484:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5356:on 23 July 2010.
5352:. Archived from
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5242:
5236:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5172:
5162:
5153:(6): 3652–3666.
5138:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5104:
5098:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5004:. 5 March 2022.
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4818:Braun, Phillip.
4815:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4599:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4543:10.4060/cc8166en
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4505:
4494:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4461:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4410:
4391:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4340:IndraStra Global
4331:
4325:
4324:
4306:
4274:
4261:
4260:
4250:
4218:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4191:on 6 August 2004
4187:. Archived from
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4060:
4054:
4047:Nicholas Tarling
4044:
4038:
4037:
4026:10.4060/cc5060en
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3981:
3975:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3839:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3773:10.4060/cc3657en
3759:
3748:
3747:
3726:10.4060/cb7351en
3714:
3699:
3698:
3677:10.4060/cb5409en
3665:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3645:
3619:10.4060/cb4474en
3612:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3571:10.4060/ca9699en
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3516:10.4060/ca9692en
3509:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3340:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3208:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3129:. Archived from
3120:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3001:on 31 July 2013.
2997:. Archived from
2988:
2964:
2958:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2913:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2866:
2855:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2587:. Archived from
2586:
2580:Ayalew, Melaku.
2577:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2529:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2496:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2461:10.4060/cb5409en
2449:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2368:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2327:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2228:. In particular
2150:In 2022, 28% of
1513:agrifood systems
1368:. In areas with
1294:geographically.
1275:Robin Greenfield
1199:soil degradation
1195:Green Revolution
1184:land degradation
1167:Land degradation
1161:Land degradation
1091:Green Revolution
1083:World population
952:
943:
934:
925:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
866:Food Price Index
863:
837:High food prices
814:Food sovereignty
427:, 57 million in
339:undernourishment
119:land degradation
107:high food prices
11856:
11855:
11851:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11846:
11845:
11806:
11805:
11804:
11792:
11780:
11772:
11770:
11765:
11624:
11621:
11591:
11586:
11533:
11458:
11450:
11449:Agreements and
11444:
11381:
11185:Climate finance
11153:
11080:
11036:Reclaimed water
10989:
10941:
10913:
10870:
10824:
10810:Family planning
10791:
10664:
10621:
10603:
10598:
10568:
10563:
10533:
10497:
10431:
10429:
10422:
10374:
10353:
10302:Overconsumption
10285:Family planning
10242:
10236:
10209:
10193:
10190:
10182:
10144:
10141:
10133:
10087:
10082:
10052:
10047:
10033:
10032:
10027:
10006:
9965:
9960:
9906:
9884:
9861:
9795:
9762:
9748:Sex trafficking
9738:Food insecurity
9710:
9663:
9639:Precarious work
9609:Extreme poverty
9566:
9514:
9498:
9385:
9375:
9338:
9337:
9336:
9321:
9320:
9316:
9309:
9303:, FAO, FAO.
9281:, FAO, FAO.
9237:, FAO, FAO.
9193:, FAO, FAO.
9171:, FAO, FAO.
9149:, FAO, FAO.
9062:
9057:
9047:
9045:
9036:
9035:
9031:
9021:
9019:
9015:
9008:
9002:
8998:
8988:
8986:
8971:
8967:
8952:
8932:
8931:
8927:
8872:
8868:
8823:
8819:
8800:
8796:
8761:
8757:
8747:
8745:
8738:Hunger + Health
8732:
8731:
8727:
8717:
8715:
8702:
8701:
8697:
8687:
8685:
8678:
8656:
8655:
8651:
8641:
8639:
8630:
8628:
8624:
8614:
8612:
8599:
8598:
8594:
8584:
8582:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8558:
8556:
8543:
8542:
8538:
8528:
8526:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8487:
8486:
8482:
8445:
8441:
8404:
8400:
8347:
8343:
8333:
8331:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8303:
8301:
8286:
8282:
8247:
8243:
8190:
8181:
8171:
8169:
8161:
8160:
8156:
8129:
8125:
8115:
8113:
8109:
8084:
8078:
8074:
8063:
8059:
8049:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8026:
8018:
8014:
7956:
7949:
7939:
7937:
7924:
7920:
7910:
7908:
7893:
7889:
7849:
7842:
7834:
7793:
7787:
7783:
7744:
7740:
7725:
7716:
7706:
7704:
7679:
7672:
7661:
7657:
7622:
7618:
7608:
7606:
7587:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7558:
7557:
7548:
7538:
7536:
7523:
7522:
7518:
7508:
7506:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7441:
7437:
7384:
7380:
7353:World Nutrition
7345:
7341:
7304:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7273:
7269:
7259:
7257:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7229:
7227:
7216:
7212:
7202:
7200:
7189:
7185:
7175:
7173:
7166:The White House
7158:
7154:
7144:
7142:
7129:
7128:
7124:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7081:
7074:
7061:
7057:
7052:Wayback Machine
7042:
7038:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6962:
6960:
6951:
6950:
6946:
6936:
6934:
6919:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6855:
6848:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6808:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6768:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6728:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6693:
6691:
6681:
6677:
6632:
6628:
6581:
6577:
6572:Wayback Machine
6562:
6558:
6543:
6523:
6522:
6515:
6500:
6480:
6479:
6475:
6422:
6418:
6403:
6389:
6385:
6375:
6373:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6345:
6343:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6315:
6313:
6300:Bayram, Seyma.
6298:
6291:
6275:
6269:
6265:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6224:
6220:
6185:
6181:
6144:
6140:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6120:. p. 442.
6111:
6105:
6101:
6081:
6077:
6042:Climatic Change
6037:
6031:
6027:
5992:
5988:
5975:
5971:
5942:Climatic Change
5934:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5886:
5864:
5863:
5856:
5841:
5837:
5827:
5825:
5808:
5804:
5794:
5792:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5705:
5703:
5702:on 1 April 2016
5694:
5693:
5686:
5659:
5655:
5643:
5642:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5623:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5562:
5560:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5534:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5461:
5454:
5444:
5442:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5410:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5342:10.1038/ngeo325
5328:(10): 636–639.
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5268:
5266:
5259:
5243:
5239:
5234:Wayback Machine
5220:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5139:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5105:
5101:
5096:Wayback Machine
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5009:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4816:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4719:. 20 May 2022.
4711:
4710:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4675:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4597:
4591:
4587:
4564:
4560:
4553:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4495:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4427:10.2307/1349892
4411:
4394:
4388:Wayback Machine
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4332:
4328:
4275:
4264:
4219:
4204:
4194:
4192:
4185:"Food Security"
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4061:
4057:
4045:
4041:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3972:Wayback Machine
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3927:
3923:
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3815:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3783:
3761:
3760:
3751:
3736:
3716:
3715:
3702:
3687:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3629:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3581:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3526:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3416:
3412:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3133:on 31 July 2013
3097:
3090:
3043:
3039:
3010:
3006:
2965:
2961:
2955:Wayback Machine
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2914:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2815:Financial Times
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2716:"Food Security"
2714:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2652:
2645:
2614:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2530:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2471:
2451:
2450:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2331:"Food Security"
2329:
2328:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2242:
2214:
2194:
2182:
2177:
2168:
2148:
2087:
2081:
2069:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2017:
1997:
1962:
1933:
1917:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1869:
1863:
1833:Many different
1811:
1738:
1732:
1655:
1553:manure spreader
1545:
1509:
1504:
1483:
1438:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1382:In many areas,
1374:desertification
1366:no-till farming
1354:
1328:
1300:
1267:
1242:
1221:
1211:
1173:
1171:Desertification
1163:
1158:
1145:
1125:
1076:
1039:
1034:
1033:
957:
950:
948:
941:
939:
932:
930:
923:
913:
906:
904:
897:
895:
888:
886:
879:
877:
870:
868:
861:
853:
845:
839:
834:
822:
803:
785:
761:
719:
683:soil management
675:Food production
671:
642:
578:economic policy
576:were caused by
544:
542:List of famines
538:
492:
486:
465:
460:
444:extreme weather
323:
224:
168:Food insecurity
154:
80:Food insecurity
36:at a market in
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11854:
11844:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11803:
11802:
11790:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11747:United Kingdom
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11674:
11669:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11626:
11625:
11620:
11619:
11612:
11605:
11597:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11584:
11577:
11570:
11563:
11551:
11538:
11535:
11534:
11532:
11531:
11525:
11524:(Rio+20, 2012)
11519:
11513:
11508:
11502:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11480:
11475:
11467:
11462:
11454:
11452:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11391:
11389:
11383:
11382:
11380:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11284:
11279:
11278:
11277:
11272:
11270:Infrastructure
11267:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11200:Eco-capitalism
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11161:
11159:
11155:
11154:
11152:
11151:
11146:
11145:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11117:Sustainability
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11088:
11086:
11085:Accountability
11082:
11081:
11079:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10997:
10995:
10991:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10951:
10949:
10943:
10942:
10940:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10923:
10921:
10915:
10914:
10912:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10886:
10880:
10878:
10872:
10871:
10869:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10832:
10830:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10801:
10799:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10772:
10762:
10761:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10743:Sustainability
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10678:Anthropization
10674:
10672:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10631:
10629:
10623:
10622:
10620:
10619:
10614:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10601:Sustainability
10597:
10596:
10589:
10582:
10574:
10565:
10564:
10562:
10561:
10551:
10538:
10535:
10534:
10532:
10531:
10529:Sustainability
10526:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10505:
10503:
10502:Related topics
10499:
10498:
10496:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10434:
10432:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10420:
10415:
10414:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10393:
10391:Largest cities
10388:
10382:
10380:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10372:
10367:
10361:
10359:
10355:
10354:
10352:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10340:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10298:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10272:
10271:
10270:
10260:
10252:
10246:
10244:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10211:I = P × A × T
10207:
10202:
10196:
10194:
10187:
10184:
10183:
10181:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10164:
10163:
10153:
10147:
10145:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10095:
10093:
10089:
10088:
10081:
10080:
10073:
10066:
10058:
10049:
10048:
10038:
10035:
10034:
10029:
10028:
10026:
10025:
10020:
10014:
10012:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9973:
9971:
9967:
9966:
9959:
9958:
9951:
9944:
9936:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9911:
9908:
9907:
9905:
9904:
9899:
9892:
9890:
9886:
9885:
9883:
9882:
9876:
9874:
9867:
9863:
9862:
9860:
9859:
9854:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9832:
9826:
9820:
9814:
9807:
9805:
9801:
9800:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9793:
9787:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9764:
9763:
9761:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9743:Physical abuse
9740:
9735:
9729:
9727:
9720:
9716:
9715:
9712:
9711:
9709:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9671:
9669:
9665:
9664:
9662:
9661:
9659:Water scarcity
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9624:Income deficit
9621:
9616:
9614:Housing stress
9611:
9606:
9604:Energy poverty
9601:
9596:
9591:
9585:
9583:
9576:
9572:
9571:
9568:
9567:
9565:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9533:
9531:
9524:
9520:
9519:
9516:
9515:
9513:
9512:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9449:Mental illness
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9400:
9398:
9391:
9387:
9386:
9374:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9351:
9345:
9344:
9335:
9334:
9329:
9323:
9322:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9307:External links
9305:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9055:
9029:
8996:
8979:United Nations
8965:
8950:
8925:
8866:
8817:
8794:
8755:
8725:
8708:Healthy People
8695:
8676:
8668:10.17226/11227
8649:
8622:
8592:
8566:
8536:
8506:
8480:
8439:
8418:(5): 722–737.
8398:
8361:(2): 460–465.
8341:
8311:
8280:
8261:(1): 391–410.
8241:
8179:
8154:
8123:
8095:(2): 196–203.
8072:
8057:
8035:
8012:
7947:
7918:
7887:
7840:
7781:
7754:(4): 426–440.
7738:
7714:
7670:
7655:
7616:
7581:
7564:www.abs.gov.au
7546:
7516:
7486:
7451:(2): 429–438.
7435:
7378:
7359:(4): 176–189.
7339:
7298:
7267:
7237:
7210:
7183:
7152:
7122:
7104:
7072:
7055:
7036:
7000:
6970:
6944:
6917:
6887:
6853:
6846:
6821:
6806:
6781:
6766:
6741:
6726:
6701:
6675:
6646:(3): 545–555.
6626:
6575:
6556:
6541:
6513:
6498:
6473:
6416:
6401:
6383:
6353:
6323:
6289:
6263:
6250:
6218:
6199:(1): 361–380.
6179:
6158:(1): 195–222.
6138:
6099:
6075:
6025:
6006:(4): 434–446.
5986:
5969:
5948:(2): 189–202.
5928:
5903:
5884:
5854:
5835:
5802:
5775:
5745:
5713:
5684:
5653:
5602:
5570:
5544:
5514:
5452:
5420:
5389:
5359:
5306:
5291:. 6 May 2022.
5276:
5257:
5237:
5226:EnergyBulletin
5214:
5184:
5130:
5099:
5079:
5062:Deutsche Welle
5049:
5019:
4989:
4959:
4928:
4898:
4868:
4841:
4807:
4768:
4734:
4704:
4673:
4662:(3): 663–706.
4642:
4608:(2): 220–233.
4585:
4558:
4551:
4524:
4484:
4448:
4421:(2): 473–488.
4392:
4373:
4326:
4262:
4202:
4175:
4149:
4122:
4055:
4039:
4007:
3976:
3958:
3921:
3894:
3858:
3825:
3800:
3781:
3749:
3734:
3700:
3685:
3657:
3627:
3594:
3579:
3554:
3524:
3494:
3469:
3437:
3426:(6): 533–540.
3410:
3391:(9): 795–804.
3375:
3349:(3): 291–303.
3326:
3291:
3259:
3224:
3213:. January 2023
3211:United Nations
3195:
3144:
3088:
3037:
3004:
2959:
2939:
2885:
2833:
2798:
2770:
2737:
2707:
2678:
2672:978-0521004886
2671:
2643:
2605:
2569:
2551:
2519:
2501:: 7–11. 2020.
2476:
2469:
2429:
2391:
2352:
2315:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2213:
2210:
2198:United Nations
2193:
2190:
2186:World Food Day
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2147:
2144:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2080:
2077:
2068:
2065:
2037:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2013:
1996:
1993:
1961:
1958:
1932:
1929:
1916:
1913:
1895:
1892:
1884:
1881:
1865:Main article:
1862:
1859:
1855:edible insects
1810:
1807:
1734:Main article:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1654:
1651:
1569:infrastructure
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1482:
1479:
1437:
1434:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1352:
1329:
1321:
1304:climate change
1299:
1298:Climate change
1296:
1285:asserted that
1266:
1263:
1257:industries in
1241:
1238:
1229:water-stressed
1219:water security
1215:Water scarcity
1210:
1209:Water scarcity
1207:
1180:soil fertility
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1124:
1121:
1075:
1072:
1063:Ebola outbreak
1038:
1035:
949:
940:
931:
922:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
854:
846:
838:
835:
833:
830:
825:Sustainability
821:
820:Sustainability
818:
802:
799:
784:
781:
760:
757:
718:
715:
679:land ownership
670:
667:
641:
638:
537:
534:
488:Main article:
485:
482:
464:
461:
459:
456:
322:
319:
318:
317:
311:
305:
299:
283:(NoU) and the
223:
220:
157:Food security,
153:
150:
142:stunted growth
115:water scarcity
111:climate change
92:sustainability
32:Women selling
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11853:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11816:Food security
11814:
11813:
11811:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11752:United States
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11627:
11618:
11613:
11611:
11606:
11604:
11599:
11598:
11595:
11583:
11582:
11578:
11576:
11575:
11571:
11569:
11568:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11552:
11550:
11549:
11540:
11539:
11536:
11529:
11526:
11523:
11520:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11506:
11505:Earth Charter
11503:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11474:
11472:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11456:
11455:
11453:
11447:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11395:Environmental
11393:
11392:
11390:
11388:
11384:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11327:Refurbishment
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11317:Organizations
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11230:Green economy
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11215:Eco-socialism
11213:
11211:
11210:Eco-investing
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11195:Disinvestment
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11162:
11160:
11156:
11150:
11147:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11119:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11089:
11087:
11083:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11016:Marine energy
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10998:
10996:
10992:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10970:Cultured meat
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10952:
10950:
10948:
10944:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10920:
10916:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10881:
10879:
10877:
10873:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10827:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10798:
10794:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10767:
10766:
10763:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10745:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10728:Simple living
10726:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10671:
10667:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10632:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10609:
10606:
10602:
10595:
10590:
10588:
10583:
10581:
10576:
10575:
10572:
10560:
10552:
10550:
10549:
10540:
10539:
10536:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10509:Bennett's law
10507:
10506:
10504:
10500:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10430:organizations
10425:
10419:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10398:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10377:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10356:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10314:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10277:
10276:
10273:
10269:
10266:
10265:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10257:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10239:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10217:Kaya identity
10215:
10212:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10185:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10136:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10090:
10086:
10079:
10074:
10072:
10067:
10065:
10060:
10059:
10056:
10046:
10042:
10036:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10015:
10013:
10009:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9974:
9972:
9968:
9964:
9957:
9952:
9950:
9945:
9943:
9938:
9937:
9934:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9917:
9913:
9903:
9900:
9897:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9887:
9881:
9878:
9877:
9875:
9871:
9868:
9864:
9858:
9855:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9830:
9827:
9824:
9821:
9818:
9815:
9812:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9802:
9791:
9788:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9765:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9724:
9721:
9717:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9670:
9666:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9589:Asset poverty
9587:
9586:
9584:
9580:
9577:
9573:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9528:
9525:
9523:Psychological
9521:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9501:
9495:
9494:Vulnerability
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9474:Social stigma
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9414:Disadvantaged
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9395:
9392:
9388:
9383:
9379:
9372:
9367:
9365:
9360:
9358:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9343:
9340:
9339:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9324:
9319:
9318:Food security
9314:
9304:
9302:
9301:
9296:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9280:
9279:
9274:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9252:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9236:
9235:
9230:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9214:
9213:
9208:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9192:
9191:
9186:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9120:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9104:
9103:
9098:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9072:
9067:
9043:
9039:
9033:
9014:
9007:
9000:
8984:
8980:
8976:
8969:
8961:
8957:
8953:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8929:
8921:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8870:
8862:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8821:
8814:(1): 394–404.
8813:
8809:
8805:
8798:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8766:
8759:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8729:
8713:
8709:
8705:
8699:
8683:
8679:
8673:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8660:
8653:
8637:
8633:
8626:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8596:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8540:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8510:
8494:
8490:
8484:
8476:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8458:
8454:
8450:
8443:
8435:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8409:
8402:
8394:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8345:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8284:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8245:
8237:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8195:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8168:
8164:
8158:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8127:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8094:
8090:
8083:
8076:
8068:
8061:
8042:
8038:
8032:
8025:
8024:
8016:
8008:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7971:(1): e85327.
7970:
7966:
7962:
7954:
7952:
7935:
7930:
7922:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7891:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7854:Food Security
7847:
7845:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7792:
7785:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7742:
7734:
7730:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7689:. Volume 14.
7688:
7684:
7677:
7675:
7666:
7659:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7620:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7585:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7490:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7439:
7431:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7382:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7343:
7335:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7302:
7286:
7282:
7278:
7271:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7225:
7221:
7214:
7198:
7194:
7187:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7156:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7118:
7114:
7108:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7079:
7077:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7040:
7021:
7017:
7010:
7004:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6958:
6954:
6948:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6901:
6894:
6892:
6872:
6865:
6864:
6857:
6849:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6825:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6690:
6686:
6679:
6671:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6630:
6622:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6560:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6477:
6469:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6420:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6394:
6387:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6327:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6294:
6285:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6253:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6175:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6142:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6110:
6103:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6079:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5964:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5932:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5891:
5887:
5885:9789251374382
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5859:
5850:
5846:
5839:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5806:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5730:
5723:
5717:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5649:
5637:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5606:
5587:
5580:
5574:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5518:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5459:
5457:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5434:New Scientist
5430:
5424:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5393:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5310:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5218:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5137:
5135:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5083:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4812:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4574:(4): 466–78.
4573:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4528:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4011:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3925:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3454:
3447:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:Public Health
3379:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3311:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3244:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2340:
2337:. June 2006.
2336:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Food vs. fuel
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:Right to Food
2199:
2189:
2187:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2079:United States
2076:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2029:
2023:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1957:
1954:
1953:micronutrient
1949:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1844:
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1686:soil moisture
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1396:ocean biomass
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1357:transpiration
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11235:Construction
11158:Applications
10876:Biodiversity
10635:Anthropocene
10546:
10358:Publications
10317:Antinatalism
10255:
10232:World3 model
10092:Major topics
9919:Categories:
9737:
9654:Survival sex
9599:Debt bondage
9317:
9299:
9291:free content
9283:
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9269:free content
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9032:
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8636:the original
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5716:
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5616:The Guardian
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5573:
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5547:
5537:29 September
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5526:
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3833:Cook, John.
3828:
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3243:the original
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3131:the original
3108:
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3046:
3040:
3024:(5): 15–26.
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2976:
2972:
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2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2921:
2916:FAO (1997).
2876:. Retrieved
2860:
2824:. Retrieved
2813:
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2754:the original
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2719:
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2690:
2681:
2658:
2655:Robert Fogel
2624:(2): 51–78.
2621:
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2596:. Retrieved
2589:the original
2563:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2510:. Retrieved
2498:
2452:
2420:. Retrieved
2404:
2402:FAO (2009).
2382:. Retrieved
2370:
2343:. Retrieved
2334:
2306:. Retrieved
2223:
2215:
2195:
2183:
2169:
2160:
2149:
2140:
2133:
2121:
2107:
2099:
2073:South Africa
2070:
2067:South Africa
2054:
2051:
2045:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1970:
1963:
1950:
1935:Since 2005,
1934:
1922:
1918:
1900:
1897:
1870:
1852:
1847:bamboo worms
1839:Grasshoppers
1812:
1787:
1775:
1739:
1691:
1675:
1644:
1637:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1598:
1562:
1518:
1510:
1498:behaviors.
1484:
1475:
1467:
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1457:
1447:
1422:
1418:prostitution
1415:
1411:
1378:
1350:
1301:
1292:
1280:
1243:
1223:Regionally,
1222:
1192:
1174:
1146:
1126:
1107:
1095:fossil fuels
1088:
1067:staple foods
1060:
1048:
960:
823:
810:food systems
804:
786:
770:
762:
754:
746:
731:
707:
699:soil erosion
672:
669:Availability
663:
634:Nazi Germany
626:World War II
614:World War II
590:
586:Soviet Union
564:
531:
527:
524:
516:
505:
476:
469:
466:
440:
437:
402:
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284:
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269:
247:
242:
237:
233:
206:
202:
192:
188:
182:
177:At the 1974
176:
167:
166:
156:
155:
138:malnutrition
127:
104:
84:
79:
47:
46:
25:
11722:Philippines
11451:conferences
11322:Procurement
11265:Development
11165:Advertising
11127:Measurement
11061:Tidal power
11056:Small hydro
11021:Micro hydro
10884:Biosecurity
10836:Appropriate
10765:Sustainable
10748:Advertising
10670:Consumption
10660:Development
10241:Society and
10200:Biocapacity
9409:Child abuse
9378:Deprivation
9127:, FAO, .
8769:Food Policy
8642:28 November
8499:15 December
8204:: 155–168.
8172:24 November
8167:www.fao.org
7804:(1): 3–17.
7291:30 December
7230:26 November
7097:11 November
7043:FAO. 2015.
7029:29 December
6993:12 November
6983:www.fao.org
6316:13 December
6131:24 December
6048:(1–2): 24.
5644:|last=
5626:13 November
5595:27 November
5563:28 December
5413:13 November
5170:10481/91868
4366:20 November
4075:(1): 5–14.
3420:Food Policy
3343:Food Policy
3164:: 146–152.
3158:Measurement
2791:14 February
2730:30 November
2691:www.fao.org
2384:26 November
2308:23 February
2094:Infographic
2061:aquaculture
2057:hydroponics
1979:, launched
1966:wet markets
1894:Afghanistan
1824:mycoprotein
1772:initiative.
1742:aid efforts
1575:for seeds,
1392:overfishing
1259:West Africa
1240:Overfishing
1137:Middle East
1109:Natural gas
1099:hydrocarbon
963:food prices
843:Food prices
773:food choice
766:Food safety
759:Utilization
632:enacted by
630:Hunger Plan
628:and in the
622:World War I
610:World War I
593:Amartya Sen
500:Mount Kenya
452:South Sudan
222:Measurement
181:, the term
66:or fear of
21:Food safety
11810:Categories
11707:Mozambique
11692:Madagascar
11642:Bangladesh
11342:Sanitation
11297:Livelihood
11220:Ecovillage
11205:Eco-cities
11122:Accounting
11031:Pico hydro
11011:Hydropower
10829:Technology
10627:Principles
10428:Events and
10243:population
10189:Population
10140:Population
10085:Population
9459:Self-image
9444:Hikikomori
9404:Acting out
9384:indicators
9022:22 October
8748:27 October
8718:27 October
7707:15 January
7609:15 January
7539:15 January
7509:15 January
7260:20 October
7203:2 November
7176:25 October
7145:25 October
6880:15 October
6595:(1): 607.
6411:1038614749
6376:27 January
6346:27 January
5896:15 January
5382:15 January
5299:15 January
5269:15 January
5072:1 November
4747:Africanews
4717:Al Jazeera
4517:15 October
4477:15 January
4195:15 October
4142:15 January
4115:15 January
4069:GeoJournal
4000:1 December
3793:15 January
3650:15 January
3547:15 January
3462:2 November
3217:24 January
3188:15 January
2932:15 October
2878:15 October
2826:17 January
2763:1 November
2700:23 October
2598:21 October
2544:26 October
2512:15 January
2422:15 October
2282:References
2266:Peak wheat
2040:See also:
1977:Xi Jinping
1943:to 57% in
1887:See also:
1883:By country
1717:Enhancing
1601:Bangladesh
1577:fertilizer
1511:Resilient
1471:overweight
1429:fertilizer
1343:under two
1337:per capita
1317:hurricanes
1213:See also:
1193:While the
1165:See also:
1115:, via the
1103:irrigation
777:well-being
742:local food
695:harvesting
519:gender gap
448:Gaza Strip
379:vulnerable
152:Definition
68:starvation
11757:Venezuela
11727:Singapore
11682:Indonesia
11637:Australia
11435:Recycling
11430:Planetary
11420:Materials
11415:Landscape
11400:Fisheries
11367:Transport
11292:Landscape
11275:Marketing
11250:Gardening
11190:Community
11137:Reporting
11001:Footprint
10889:Biosphere
10524:Migration
10401:6 billion
9977:Carstairs
9889:Measures:
9767:Measures:
9668:Measures:
9634:Precariat
9503:Measures:
9434:Fushūgaku
8960:243674342
8902:2227-9067
8886:(6): 77.
8861:2048-7010
8837:(1): 63.
8789:0306-9192
8775:: 52–62.
8475:2452-2929
8459:: 87–94.
8434:0376-835X
8375:0165-0327
8275:1573-0921
8218:0924-2244
8149:2042-1478
7911:13 August
7882:199492034
7874:1876-4517
7818:0885-4122
7776:154349026
7768:0739-456X
7650:0743-0167
7636:: 30–39.
7574:30 August
7473:1097-0010
7412:0090-0036
7373:2041-9775
7334:2399-1399
7089:. IFPRI.
6927:239729231
6816:244571820
6776:244536912
6736:244572052
6551:243701058
6508:243701058
6450:2056-676X
6436:: 17067.
6213:158817046
6070:233890082
5679:2394-4331
5636:cite news
5491:2304-8158
5179:0950-5423
5087:(IFPRI).
4790:0362-4331
4635:19 August
4622:157237160
4105:153358508
4089:0343-2521
4034:258145984
3887:28 August
3744:244536830
3695:243180525
3637:241785130
3589:243701058
3534:239729231
3368:19 August
2720:ifpri.org
2638:1564-4278
2047:Singapore
2036:Singapore
1987:and mass
1915:Australia
1843:silkworms
1704:Boosting
1593:subsidies
1551:A liquid
1302:In 2023,
1203:pesticide
1133:stem rust
1015:heatwaves
995:oil seeds
975:Sri Lanka
783:Stability
691:livestock
681:and use;
582:Holodomor
199:nutrition
132:and even
123:pandemics
56:household
11800:Business
11762:Zimbabwe
11742:Tanzania
11672:Ethiopia
11548:Category
11347:Sourcing
11282:Greening
11175:Business
11051:Security
11046:Scarcity
10559:Category
10327:Natalism
10250:Eugenics
10002:Townsend
9719:Physical
9575:Economic
9249:work. (
9042:Archived
9013:Archived
8983:Archived
8920:31195654
8880:Children
8742:Archived
8712:Archived
8688:16 March
8682:Archived
8615:26 March
8609:Archived
8579:Archived
8553:Archived
8529:26 March
8523:Archived
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7020:Archived
7018:. 2009.
6987:Archived
6963:16 March
6931:Archived
6903:. 2020.
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6568:Archived
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6122:Archived
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5890:Archived
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5762:Archived
5738:18 March
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2240:See also
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1820:mealworm
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1736:Food aid
1725:society.
1638:Another
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