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65%, and for the Near East and North Africa 75%. Most countries in the world depend primarily on rainfed agriculture for their grain food. Despite large strides made in improving productivity and environmental conditions in many developing countries, a great number of poor families in Africa and Asia still face poverty, hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition where rainfed agriculture is the main agricultural activity. These problems are exacerbated by adverse biophysical growing conditions and the poor socioeconomic infrastructure in many areas in the
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The importance of rainfed agriculture varies regionally, but it produces most food for poor communities in developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 95% of the farmed land is rainfed, while the corresponding figure for Latin
America is almost 90%, for South Asia about 60%, for East Asia
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ecosystems), where rainfed agriculture is the dominant source of food and where water constitutes a key limiting factor to crop growth. Of the 850 million undernourished people in the world, essentially all live in poor, developing countries, which predominantly are located in tropical regions.
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Since the late 1960s, agricultural land use has expanded by 20–25%, which has contributed to approximately 30% of the overall grain production growth during the period. The remaining yield outputs originated from intensification through yield increases per unit land area. However, the regional
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is believed to hold the key to helping the greatest number of poor people. It called for a new era of water investments and policies for upgrading rainfed agriculture that would go beyond controlling field-level soil and water to bring new freshwater sources through better local management of
189:. The SAT is the home to 38% of the developing countries’ poor, 75% of whom live in rural areas. Over 45% of the world's hungry and more than 70% of its malnourished children live in the SAT.
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210:, compared with 3.1 hectare for irrigated yields, and increase in production from rainfed agriculture has mainly originated from land expansion.
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in part because of the dependencies on rainfed agriculture in developing economies. Moreover, because of
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Levels of productivity, particularly in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, are low due to
314:"Climate response of rainfed versus irrigated farms: the bias of farm heterogeneity in irrigation"
255:"Climate response of rainfed versus irrigated farms: the bias of farm heterogeneity in irrigation"
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has identified the ‘hot spot’ countries in the world suffering from the largest prevalence of
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Harnessing dividends from drylands : innovative scaling up with soil nutrients
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for water. It provides much of the food consumed by poor communities in
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Rainfed agriculture is distinguished in most of the literature from
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Research
Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy (2018).
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A Comprehensive
Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture
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148:. A major study into water use by agriculture, known as the
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Comprehensive
Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture
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There is a strong correlation between poverty, hunger and
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Vanschoenwinkel, Janka; Van Passel, Steven (2018-03-01).
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Vanschoenwinkel, Janka; Van Passel, Steven (2018-03-01).
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more effectively and using supplemental and small-scale
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84:. As farmers become more aware of and develop better
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206:, rainfed grain yields are on average 1.5
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241:International Water Management Institute
154:International Water Management Institute
16:Type of farming that uses rain for water
427:Raju, K. V.; Wani, S. P., eds. (2013).
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65:, climate change is expected to make
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106:UN Millennium Development Project
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44:Near East and North Africa
339:10.1007/s10584-018-2141-2
280:10.1007/s10584-018-2141-2
489:10.2499/9780896292970_08
468:Ramankutty et al., 2002
187:semi-arid tropics (SAT)
516:Cite journal requires
405:Earthscan/IWMI, 2007.
152:, coordinated by the
74:irrigated agriculture
204:developing countries
116:in the world (i.e.,
32:developing countries
547:Agriculture by type
330:2018ClCh..147..225V
271:2018ClCh..147..225V
20:Rainfed agriculture
508:has generic name (
482:. Washington, DC.
36:sub-Saharan Africa
397:Molden, D. (Ed).
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130:degraded soils
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134:evaporation
82:groundwater
536:Categories
349:1942/25432
290:1942/25432
226:References
174:irrigation
78:freshwater
52:South Asia
459:FAO, 2002
447:958281358
379:SEI, 2005
358:1573-1480
299:1573-1480
200:irrigated
48:East Asia
46:, 65% in
38:, 90% in
214:See also
138:droughts
28:rainfall
415:FAOSTAT
326:Bibcode
267:Bibcode
208:hectare
162:poverty
118:savanna
98:poverty
24:farming
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417:, 2005
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179:runoff
164:, and
158:hunger
142:floods
122:steppe
104:. The
166:water
522:help
510:help
443:OCLC
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