411:. Some nations domestically use the terms interchangeably, though by the 20th century, nationality had commonly come to mean the status of belonging to a particular nation with no regard to the type of governance which established a relationship between the nation and its people. In law, nationality describes the relationship of a national to the state under international law and citizenship describes the relationship of a citizen within the state under domestic statutes. Different regulatory agencies monitor legal compliance for nationality and citizenship. A person in a country of which he or she is not a national is generally regarded by that country as a foreigner or
1068:. A person born outside of Ireland with entitlement to Irish nationality through a grandparent born in Ireland may pass that right on to her or his own children. To do so, however, that person must register her or his birth in Ireland's Foreign Births Register prior to the children's births. Irish law also automatically grants nationality at birth to any individual born abroad to a parent who was born in Ireland, without the need to register with the DFA prior to the granting of citizen's rights like holding an Irish passport.
1272:('by choice'), is given to some people of Spanish origins that, though not complying with the requisites to attain nationality through origin, are able to prove close ties to Spain; this option is given mainly to the children of people that have attained or recovered Spanish nationality after their birth, but it has age limits and one must exercise this choice prior turning 20 (in some countries, like Argentina, prior turning 23, as majority of age is attained at 21 there). Most of the
1193:, approved 29 August 2003, provided that all Philippine nationals who become nationals of another country shall be deemed not to have lost their Philippine nationality. It further states that natural-born Filipinos who have lost their Philippine nationality in this manner may repatriate by taking an oath of allegiance to the Republic, and that their children whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted, below 18 years of age, shall be deemed nationals of the Philippines.
4391:
1179:
eases this process for many Kola
Norwegians. These provisions are in general stricter than in some other countries giving "Right of return." In order to obtain a permit to immigrate and work in Norway a Kola Norwegian will have to prove an adequate connection to Norway such as having at least two grandparents from Norway. Citizenship will then be awarded according to regular rules. As of 2004 approximately 200 Kola Norwegians had moved back to Norway.
36:
1292:) which took effect in December 2008, introduced temporary two-year changes to current Spanish nationality laws. Those whose father or mother were born original Spaniards (regardless of their place of birth, whether they are still living, or whether they currently hold Spanish nationality) and those whose grandparents emigrated due to political or economic reasons will have the right to
1002:(PIO) is a person living outside of India and without Indian nationality, but of Indian origin up to four generations removed. It is available to persons of Indian origin anywhere in the world as long as they have never been nationals of Pakistan or of Bangladesh (a reservation excluding Muslims who joined Pakistan during or after the 1947 partition). This unusual type of
589:, namely on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See. It usually ceases upon cessation of the appointment. Citizenship is also extended to the spouse and children of a citizen, provided they are living together in the city. Anyone who loses Vatican citizenship and does not possess other citizenship automatically becomes an
1023:(OCI). Overseas nationality is not substantially different from PIO rights. Holding either PIO or OCI status does, however, facilitate access to full Indian citizenship. An OCI who has been registered for five years, for instance, need be resident for only one year in India before becoming a full national.
1212:
are eligible for nationality. The
Foreign Ministry has sent emissaries to countries around the world to urge the descendants of Russian emigrants to return home. The majority of these emigrants have returned from Ukraine, many of them young men looking for better education and job opportunities. The
1118:
recognize only the child of a Jewish mother as being Jewish. People who would be otherwise eligible for this law can be excluded if they can reasonably be considered to constitute a danger to the welfare of the state, have a criminal past, or are wanted fugitives in their countries with the exception
1109:
to and settle in Israel and obtain nationality, and obliges the
Israeli government to facilitate their immigration. Originally, the law applied to Jews only, until a 1970 amendment stated that the rights "are also vested in a child and a grandchild of a Jew, the spouse of a Jew, the spouse of a child
759:
is entitled "Acquisition of
Bulgarian Citizenship", the first section of which is entitled "Acquisition of Bulgarian Citizenship by Origin", and provides at article 9 that "ny person...whose descent from a Bulgarian citizen has been established by way of a court ruling shall be a Bulgarian citizen by
655:
Nevertheless, states' rights to determine who their nationals are is not absolute, and states must comply with their human rights obligations concerning the granting and loss of nationality. In particular, nationals must not be arbitrarily deprived of their nationality. The right to a nationality and
611:
Most states today allow for aliens to acquire a nationality via a process known as naturalization on the basis of long-term residence and other conditions. This process and the conditions it entails are detailed in the states' nationality laws. Some nationality laws have special provisions to make it
955:
qualify. To qualify for permanent residence permit, the persons in this group must have a basic knowledge of spoken and written
Finnish or Swedish. The knowledge is tested in pre-immigration training and in a subsequent language test. In addition, they must have a pre-arranged permanent residence in
530:
is the principle whereby the nationality of a person is dictated by their blood (i.e., parentage or ancestry). For instance, in Italy, nationality may be transmitted perpetually if one can find an
Italian ancestor up until the founding of the Italian state in their lineage. By contrast, other states
1326:
and nationals of other countries historically related to Spain (Portugal, Andorra, Philippines, and
Equatorial Guinea) also have a Right of Return: They can apply to Spanish nationality after 2 years of legal residence (the usual time is 10 years for most foreigners) and they have the right to keep
1178:
It was only after 1990 that many of the Kola
Norwegians again dared to emphasize their background. Only a few had been able to maintain a rusty knowledge of Norwegian. Some of them have migrated back to Norway. There are special provisions in the Norwegian rules of immigration and nationality which
917:
states that, under certain conditions, persons with "Finnish roots" or an otherwise "close connection to
Finland" may receive a residence permit in Finland without the requirement of any further grounds (e.g., work or studies). Receiving a residence permit depends on the directness and closeness of
566:
There has been a shift towards a principle that neither marriage nor dissolution of marriage automatically affecting the nationality of either spouse, nor of a change of nationality by one spouse during marriage automatically affecting the nationality of their spouse. However, in many jurisdictions
481:
is the principle, whereby birth on a country's territorial jurisdiction—e.g., land, or in some cases, vessel registered as being registered as under the jurisdiction of that country (aeroplanes, ships)—confers nationality of the country of birth to the child. In most countries, this originated from
1446:
who was residing in
Ukraine at the time of its declaration of independence and any stateless person living on the territory of Ukraine at the moment of its declaration of independence was granted nationality. Anyone born abroad to at least one parent with Ukrainian nationality, including permanent
1207:
Russia offers citizenship to individuals descended from Russian ancestors who can demonstrate an affinity for Russian culture and, preferably, speak Russian. Concern about Russia's shrinking population prompted the program. This has had a positive effect because this has not only reversed Russia's
786:
who were living abroad), and as such, practically all immigrants to China are ethnic Chinese, including many whose families lived outside of China for generations. The Chinese government encourages the return of Overseas Chinese with various incentives not available to others, such as "tax breaks,
865:
grants nationality—and thus the right of residence—to anyone whose parents are or were Czech nationals, unless the individual is also a national of a country that has a treaty with the Czech Republic barring dual nationality of the Czech Republic and that country. Moreover, people of Czech origin
1490:
Further provisions extended rights to stepchildren. The wording of this legislation refers to 'Citizenship', 'Naturalisation' and 'Residence', and at no point refers to any specific ethnicity or ethnic group. Announcing his support for right of return legislation in Britain, Member of Parliament
1276:
clauses do not confer original status (except those included in the Historical Memory Law), thus it can be lost, and, in case one possesses nationality other than those described below as historically related to Spain (e.g., United States), renounce their current nationality in front of Spanish
965:
Various phenomena throughout Greek history (e.g., the extensive colonization by classical Greek city states; the vast expansion of Greek culture in Hellenistic times; the large dominions at times held by the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire; and the energetic trading activity by Greeks under the
1370:
In November 2012, the Spanish government announced that it would eliminate the residency period for Sephardic Jews, and permit them to maintain dual nationality, on the condition that such naturalization applicants presented a certificate of their Sephardic status from the Federation of Jewish
1319:
Regardless of their place of birth, the adult children and grandchildren of original Spaniards (original Spaniards are those who, at the moment of their birth, were born to people who possessed Spanish citizenship) can also access Spanish nationality on softer terms than other foreigners: they
554:
The common practice within and among states at the beginning of the 20th century was that a woman should have the nationality of her husband; i.e., upon marrying a foreigner, the wife would automatically acquire the nationality of her husband and lose her previous nationality, often with the
1505:
affirmed the principles of the 1968 legislation, giving the right of immigration to the grandchildren of British nationals and nationals born in the Commonwealth nations. It was in effect long enough to enable the descendants of ethnic Britons to return to Britain from the former colonies.
512:
There is also an intersection between the principles, wherein only persons of a certain race or blood will acquire nationality at birth. For instance, in Liberia, African-born persons will acquire nationality while those of non-African origin will not be entitled to this privilege.
1447:
residents of Ukraine, is entitled to Ukrainian nationality. Children born within the territory of Ukraine to at least one Ukrainian parent, stateless persons with at least one Ukrainian grandparent, and children adopted by Ukrainian citizens are also eligible to become nationals.
886:, and was of a limited duration. The amendment was consistent with what the Czech Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs has identified as "the Czech government's policy principles regarding the resettlement of foreigners of Czech origin living abroad." A private fund, the
671:
It is for each State to determine under its own law who are its nationals. This law shall be recognised by other States in so far as it is consistent with international conventions, international custom, and the principles of law generally recognised with regard to
1523:, recognizing the right of settlement only for British nationals. It is notable that it was enacted after the contraction of the Empire was completed, and was offered to all substantial populations of descendants of ethnic Britons in the former colonies.
873:
to provide the Interior Ministry with the discretion to waive the usual five-year residency requirement for foreigners that had been resettled in the Czech Republic by 31 December 1994. This amendment was aimed particularly at several hundred ethnic
1320:
require just 1 year of legal residence, and they are exempted from work restrictions. This law in practice also benefits the great-grandchildren of emigrant Spaniards as long as their grandparents (born outside of Spain) are/were original Spaniards.
1170:
from approximately 1850 to the closure of the border in the 1920s. It is estimated that around 1000 Norwegians lived on the Kola peninsula in 1917. The Kola Norwegians were deported to or put in camps in other parts of Russia during the course of
504:
laws only operate generationally, such as in some Middle-Eastern countries, where a child born in the territory will only acquire nationality if the child's father (regardless of parental nationality) was born in the same territory. Sometimes
2206:
946:
who have been determined to be of Finnish nationality by Soviet or post-Soviet authorities; or who have at least one parent or two grandparents who have been determined to be of Finnish nationality in official documents (e.g., in their
893:
Foundation, worked with government authorities between 1995 and 2001 to effect this resettlement in the specific instance of Russian and Kazakh nationals of Czech origin, and had resettled approximately 750 such persons as of 2000.
951:). This group also includes all persons who were transferred to Finland between 1943 and 1943 from areas occupied by Germany and were subsequently returned to Soviet Union; or who served in the Finnish Defence Forces during the
1648:: In 2010, Hungary passed a law granting nationality and the right of return to descendants of Hungarians living mostly on the former territory of the Hungarian Kingdom and now residing in Hungary's neighbouring countries.
1495:
stated that, "All the great nations of the earth have what the Jews call a Diaspora," and affirmed that nations "special and residual obligation(s) toward them," which include recognizing their right to nationality.
2560:
976:"Foreign persons of Greek origin," who neither live in Greece, hold Greek nationality, or were necessarily born there may become Greek nationals by enlisting in Greece's military forces, under article 4 of the
684:
he manners in which States regulate matters bearing on nationality cannot today be deemed within their sole jurisdiction; are also circumscribed by their obligations to ensure the full protection of human
1467:, amending legislation passed in 1962, removed the right of entry from 200,000 south Asians long resident in British East Africa who had become the victims of the Africanization drive in newly independent
2756:
664:
2214:
2841:
1280:
In practice this renunciation has little practical effect, and in some cases no effect, as only renunciations made to one's own country's officials has an effect on the linked nationality. The
1558:
The explanatory comments of this section, when originally written in 1940, provided clarification that all citizens were nationals of the United States but not all nationals were citizens.
984:(Law 2130/1993). Anyone wishing to do so must present a number of documents, including "vailable written records...proving the Greek origin of the interested person and his ancestors."
1726:: Romania extends nationality to all former nationals, as well as to the children and grandchildren of those who have lost their Romanian nationality, regardless of ethnic background.
1147:. However, the Minister of Justice can waive the age and residence requirements if an applicant for naturalization has a special relationship to Japan, such as a Japanese parent.
1037:
Irish nationality law provides for acquisition on the basis of at least one Irish grandparent. Note that, for the purposes of Irish nationality law, a person born anywhere on the
791:
if they had two children while living abroad." The "rights and interests of returned overseas Chinese" are afforded special protection according to Articles 50 and 89(12) of the
2193:
720:(1995) provides that "individuals of Armenian origin shall acquire nationality of the Republic of Armenia through a simplified procedure." This provision is consistent with the
563:, as such cannot be provided to nationals under the jurisdiction of a foreign state of which they are also nationals; and men becoming subject to military service obligations.
3741:
3646:
2576:
2557:
3656:
3474:
809:
In April 2015, the Hong Kong Government announced a pilot scheme named "Admission Scheme for the Second Generation of Chinese Hong Kong Permanent Residents" (ASSG).
559:
married women, and sometimes married men as well. This led to a number of problems, such as: loss of the spouses' original nationality; spouses losing the right to
3781:
2524:
2329:
Immigration Department to implement pilot Admission Scheme for 2nd Generation of Chinese HK Permanent Residents & enhancements to talent admission arrangements
1983:
1110:
of a Jew and the spouse of a grandchild of a Jew." This resulted in several hundreds of thousands of persons qualifying for immigration to Israel (mainly from the
3771:
2751:
973:, including individuals and families whose ancestors have been resident in diaspora communities outside the modern state of Greece for centuries or millennia.
835:
have not ceded the claim on mainland China, the government does not consider the people in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau as Republic of China nationals.
2708:
1075:
may dispense with conditions of naturalisation to grant nationality to an applicant who "is of Irish descent or Irish associations," under section 15 of the
921:
According to the Immigration Service, people who may be granted a residence permit based on these conditions can be divided into the following three groups:
2089:
773:
2350:
1259:
is acquired through a predetermined period of legal residency in Spain. This distinction is important because Spanish nationality laws primarily follow
2026:
2733:
853:
do not automatically have the right of return, may be refused entry, removed or deported from Taiwan area, and an entry permit is needed before 2011.
1382:
decreed in 1924 that every Sephardi could claim Spanish nationality. This right was used by some refugees during the Second World War, including the
375:
3110:
2379:
403:, that defines the legal manner in which a national identity is acquired and how it may be lost. In international law, the legal means to acquire
2977:
1346:
in Northern Africa, the Spanish government has taken friendly measures towards the descendants of the Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 under the
1119:
of persecution victims. Jews who convert to another religion also lose the right of return. Since 1950 2,734,245 Jews have immigrated to Israel.
999:
3416:
1712:: On April 12, 2013, the Portuguese parliament approved unanimously an amendment to its nationality laws which would permit the descendants of
1492:
1316:
Spanish nationality without the requirement of residence in Spain. They also have the right to maintain any current nationality they possess.
2542:
632:
generally has the right to freely determine who it will recognise as its nationals and citizens. Such determinations may be made by custom,
4160:
910:
from the former Soviet Union who exercise this right, though American, Canadian, and Swedish nationals with Finnish ancestry are eligible.
2949:
2286:
4156:
2140:
1461:
conferred full and equal nationality and settlement rights in Britain on all 800 million subjects of the worldwide British Empire. The
831:
who are not nationals of the People's Republic of China, Chinese who were living abroad, and encourages their return. However, although
702:
populations, particularly those assumed to be living under precarious conditions. A non-exhaustive list of such countries laws follows.
500:
laws require lawful residence in the country before the authorities will observe this right, such as in Cambodia or Thailand. Sometimes
3461:
3020:
2628:
2491:
456:
Laws may be based on any one of these principles, but they commonly reflect a combination of all three principles. Generally speaking,
657:
969:
Recognizing this situation, Greece grants nationality to broad categories of people of ethnic Greek ancestry who are members of the
3470:
1700:, Article 52(5): "Anyone whose Polish origin has been confirmed in accordance with statute may settle permanently in Poland." (see
764:
provides that "ny person who is not a Bulgarian citizen may acquire Bulgarian citizenship...if he/she...is of a Bulgarian origin."
2886:
730:
in 1989, which declared, in article 4, that "Armenians living abroad are entitled to the citizenship of the Republic of Armenia."
1533:
1354:. The motivation for these measures was a desire to repair a perceived injustice, the need of a collaborative base of natives in
850:
2580:
1538:
4002:
3446:
3348:
3275:
2691:
722:
842:, however, they do not automatically have a right of return to Taiwan area if they don't have a household registration there.
100:
4164:
2897:
Pandora's Passport, Hungary extends citizenship beyond its borders, Slovakia retaliates," The Economist, June 5, 2010, p. 60.
2124:
1839:
698:
of favored ethnic groups. The laws in these countries appear to reflect a desire by governments to guarantee a safe haven to
368:
2460:
72:
2231:
1520:
1057:
677:
1006:
is an intermediate form of nationality in that it does not grant the full portfolio of rights enjoyed by Indian citizens.
3315:
2521:
1443:
4032:
3701:
3388:
1992:
1334:
origin also have the right to apply for nationality after a year of legal residency in Spain. Since the rediscovery of
649:
79:
918:
Finnish ancestry. If the ancestry dates back several generations, a residence permit cannot be granted on this basis.
4208:
4127:
3798:
1542:
1011:
119:
2358:
2069:
1868:
1779:
1463:
1079:. With rare exceptions the applicant must be resident in the island of Ireland before applying for naturalisation.
361:
53:
1296:
Spanish nationality. Until and while the Law of Historic Memory takes effect, the following laws will also apply:
1144:
407:
and formal membership in a nation are separated from the relationship between a national and the nation, known as
4255:
4137:
3896:
3250:
3090:
2055:
887:
160:
86:
17:
2601:
1412:
asked the three parliamentary groups that form the majority to support an amendment that would ease the way for
3285:
3265:
3165:
3013:
2668:
2424:
1383:
1072:
57:
1003:
490:
and subsequently codified into their own domestic laws, such as in the United States, Canada, Australia, etc.
4152:
3716:
3601:
3466:
3280:
3125:
2446:
2022:
1537:, the latest of a series of such Acts, establishes nationality law of the United States. This is codified in
1020:
543:
Some states automatically confer nationality on the basis of marriage. A prominent example of a country with
4022:
2011:
1253:
is (almost exclusively) acquired at the moment of birth, mainly to a Spanish parent, and can never be lost.
1208:
population decline but has also increased the birth rate. Officials estimate that 25 million members of the
68:
4373:
3726:
3686:
3451:
3085:
2728:
1737:
1516:
1511:
1457:
1139:) up to the third generation, which provides for long-term residence, unrestricted by occupation, but most
292:
1553:"a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States."
4243:
4198:
4117:
4112:
4092:
4037:
4027:
3992:
3721:
3641:
3576:
3373:
3260:
3210:
3080:
1831:
1713:
1339:
914:
804:
625:
260:
1056:
The entitlement to nationality of all people born on Ireland and its islands was stipulated by the 1922
4193:
4170:
4107:
4087:
4047:
3931:
3906:
3901:
3731:
3706:
3611:
3546:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3456:
3441:
3436:
3411:
3393:
3325:
3255:
3225:
3115:
2866:
846:
839:
486:
that all persons born on the King's land owed an allegiance to the King. This law was inherited by the
4062:
3946:
3921:
3876:
3871:
3821:
3746:
3696:
3671:
3666:
3636:
3591:
3581:
3541:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3406:
3383:
3358:
3295:
3215:
3140:
3105:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3006:
1687:
1413:
1105:, persons of Jewish ancestry up to at least one Jewish grandparent, and spouses of Jews the right to
1019:
make provision for an even newer form of Indian nationality, the holders of which are to be known as
935:, including those who have at least one parent or grandparent who has been a native Finnish national.
866:
might be granted the right to permanent residence (Czech origin is a reason worth of consideration).
818:
739:
727:
216:
2709:"España concederá la nacionalidad a todos los sefardíes con independencia de su lugar de residencia"
1053:
applies; thus, people born in Northern Ireland are entitled to both British and Irish nationality.)
4417:
4394:
4147:
4017:
4007:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3936:
3846:
3826:
3811:
3661:
3631:
3586:
3571:
3531:
3521:
3496:
3426:
3421:
3368:
3363:
3353:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3220:
3200:
3195:
3185:
3155:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3120:
3100:
3060:
3050:
2294:
1128:
745:
711:
641:
2328:
535:
transmission of nationality up to the registration of the second generation down the family line.
4122:
4102:
4067:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4012:
3956:
3951:
3911:
3891:
3886:
3851:
3831:
3816:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3676:
3651:
3626:
3616:
3596:
3506:
3431:
3320:
3310:
3245:
3180:
3170:
3160:
3150:
3095:
3055:
2539:
2172:
2116:
1747:
1611:
1471:
and wished to move to Britain. The act required "substantial connection" to Britain, defined as:
1202:
1061:
1050:
942:
or served in the Finnish army in 1939–1945. This group includes persons from areas of the former
926:
717:
46:
2164:
1482:
a parent or grandparent who became a national of the United Kingdom or its colonies by adoption;
4360:
4142:
4132:
4097:
3997:
3941:
3926:
3861:
3856:
3841:
3736:
3711:
3681:
3606:
3566:
3398:
3270:
3205:
3190:
3175:
1996:
1784:
1702:
1697:
1379:
1114:) but not being recognized as Jews by the Israeli religious authorities, which on the basis of
993:
2307:
1143:
cannot automatically acquire Japanese nationality, and must instead go through the process of
845:
Not all Republic of China nationals have a right of return to Taiwan area even if they hold a
4203:
3961:
3916:
3881:
3866:
3836:
3691:
3621:
3378:
2351:"Granting Nationality of the Czech Republic - Ministry of the interior of the Czech Republic"
1825:
1664:
1433:
1281:
1032:
966:
Ottomans) all tended to create Greek communities far beyond the boundaries of modern Greece.
906:
provides for persons who are of Finnish origin to receive permanent residence. It is usually
870:
640:(precedent), or a combination of either. In some cases, the determination may be governed by
297:
93:
2978:"Rolling Back History: The Romanian Policy of Restoration of Citizenship to Former Citizens"
2625:
1600:), and provides privileges by excluding them from certain conditions imposed on others. The
4324:
4297:
4188:
3751:
1501:
792:
211:
2602:
Provisions given in addition to the Norwegian law of Citizenship, point 3.8.4. (Norwegian)
2226:"Proposed Amendments to the Naturalization Provisions of the Constitution of Costa Rica."
1545:, in which section 101(a)(22) states that the term "national of the United States" means:
1133:
A special visa category exists exclusively for foreign descendants of Japanese emigrates (
8:
4314:
4233:
3776:
2954:
2688:
1717:
1420:. Such a measure might have benefited an indeterminate number of people, particularly in
1417:
1351:
1111:
890:
590:
567:
spouses can still obtain special and fast processing of applications for naturalisation.
560:
555:
reciprocal recognition by the other country. Legal provisions existed that automatically
322:
312:
250:
233:
2185:
4213:
2684:
2060:
1946:
1900:
1872:
1214:
576:
483:
342:
1387:
694:
The nationality laws of several countries have special provisions in them to simplify
656:
the prohibition against depriving one's nationality is codified in article 15 of the "
4355:
4307:
2485:
2440:
2210:
2120:
2081:
2073:
1991:. 7th Conference of American Republics, Montevideo, December 1933. Washington, D.C.:
1954:
1938:
1904:
1892:
1884:
1856:
1835:
1601:
1359:
1305:
1065:
948:
832:
332:
1754:, or ethnic Serbs residing abroad, may take up nationality upon written declaration.
4238:
2774:
2645:
1876:
1799:
1789:
1391:
1285:
1209:
1042:
952:
838:
Overseas ethnic Chinese can register as Republic of China national and apply for a
828:
788:
779:
337:
255:
238:
4319:
2760:
2737:
2695:
2632:
2613:
2564:
2546:
2528:
2467:
2018:
1804:
1764:
1733:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1156:
629:
396:
347:
317:
2626:
Article in Aftenposten givina some statistics on the Kola Norwegians (Norwegian)
1358:, and an attempt to attract the sympathy of wealthy European Sephardis like the
415:. A person who has no recognised nationality to any jurisdiction is regarded as
4350:
4250:
2928:
2907:
2829:
Immigration and the Nation-State; The United States, Germany and Great Britain,
2795:
Immigration and the Nation-State; The United States, Germany and Great Britain,
2779:
Immigration and the Nation-State; The United States, Germany and Great Britain,
2403:
2265:
2244:
1634:
1375:
1167:
1046:
970:
862:
783:
695:
606:
594:
556:
487:
448:
307:
223:
155:
2085:
1958:
1896:
1880:
4411:
4380:
4329:
4261:
3803:
2807:
2077:
1979:
1942:
1888:
1653:
1331:
1323:
1088:
907:
827:(officially the Republic of China) gives priority to returning Taiwanese and
752:
origin shall acquire Bulgarian nationality through a facilitated procedure."
633:
522:
440:
416:
206:
181:
168:
2207:
Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws
1416:. The proposal was originally made by IULV-CA, the Andalusian branch of the
665:
Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws
4276:
2950:"Descendants of Jews who fled persecution may claim Portuguese citizenship"
1769:
1574:(2002) states that permanent-residence term requirements may be waived for
1188:
1172:
943:
932:
582:
400:
135:
1485:
had acquired British Nationality under legislation passed in 1948 or 1964.
4334:
4292:
1774:
1575:
1399:
412:
408:
404:
285:
280:
271:
201:
192:
1950:
1926:
1409:
1160:
548:
302:
146:
2730:
Propuesta de IU sobre derecho preferente de moriscos a la nacionalidad
1927:"Married Women's Nationality in the International Context (1918–1935)"
1424:. However, the call went unheeded by the central Spanish authorities.
1615:
1604:
makes use of this to obtain dual nationality or to return to Croatia.
1406:
1378:
and the independent Balkanic states succeeding it. The government of
1343:
1217:
in 2014 triggered a mass exodus of ethnic Russians living in Crimea.
1135:
457:
2891:
1476:
birth or the birth of a parent or grandparent in the United Kingdom;
35:
4302:
4268:
2998:
1794:
1690:, Article 32(4): "Every Lithuanian person may settle in Lithuania."
1649:
1395:
1335:
956:
Finland, but the labour authorities assist in finding an apartment.
883:
749:
699:
680:" went further in limiting state's right to determine nationality:
637:
613:
473:
432:
228:
175:
2505:
1479:
a parent or grandparent who was Naturalised in the United Kingdom;
427:
Nationality law can be broadly categorized into three principles:
2753:
Piden la nacionalidad española para los descendientes de moriscos
1676:
1619:
1585:
1571:
1439:
1421:
1115:
1038:
879:
327:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2789:
2787:
2194:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1751:
1639:
1301:
1164:
1106:
1098:
939:
875:
824:
645:
139:
982:
Acquisition of Greek Nationality by Aliens of Greek Origin Law
689:
2867:"The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia – Riigi Teataja"
2812:
2784:
1629:
1468:
1394:. This decree was again put to use to receive some Jews from
1374:
Spanish diplomacy exercised protection over Sephardis of the
1937:(1: Gender and the Citizen). Paris: Éditions Belin: 73–94.
1102:
2842:"U.S. Citizenship Laws and Policy : Dual Nationality"
2380:"Permanent residence permit for persons with Czech origin"
1308:
and economic migrants) and their children are eligible to
778:
The immigration law of China gives priority to returning
392:
878:
which had been brought by the Czech government from the
2049:
2047:
1656:
citizens (10% of its population) objected vociferously.
496:
laws are not always absolute: sometimes countries with
2287:
China: Overseas, Rural, Taiwan | Immigration Laws #14
851:
those without a household registration in Taiwan area
2647:
Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003
2404:"Romové v České republice - cizinci ve vlastní zemi"
2044:
1857:"Global Birthright Citizenship Laws: How Inclusive?"
1855:Honohan, Iseult; Rougier, Nathalie (October 2018).
1225:There are three categories of Spanish nationality:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2146:(in Italian). Vatican City State. 22 February 2011
1997:Alexander Street Press: Women and Social Movements
1578:and descendants of ethnic Belarusians born abroad.
2056:"American Nationals and Interstitial Citizenship"
1263:including those relating to the right of return.
774:Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China
4409:
2887:Ghana, a place for African-Americans to resettle
2427:. Archived from the original on January 12, 2002
2425:"Ministerstvo práce a sociálních věcí – MPSV ČR"
2308:"CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA"
2010:Sawyer, Caroline; Wray, Helena (December 2014).
1750:provides that the descendants of emigrants from
2678:
1414:Morisco descendants to gain Spanish nationality
2340:- specifically "大陸地區人民因未具中華民國國民身分,亦無法以外國人身分報考"
1854:
1595:
1589:
3014:
2115:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath, West Sussex:
1924:
369:
4161:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
2831:Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, p.110
2797:Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, p.109
2781:Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, p.101
1515:differentiated between British nationality,
1041:is considered "Irish." (The island includes
619:
2669:A Sturdier Russia Beckons Its Children Home
2012:"Report on Citizenship Law: United Kingdom"
1077:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1986
690:Ethnic group-related provisions, by country
3021:
3007:
2808:http://www.britishcitizen.info/CIA1968.pdf
2141:"Law on citizenship, residence and access"
2133:
2009:
1827:Multiple Nationality And International Law
1073:Irish minister responsible for immigration
376:
362:
2650:, Chan Robles Law Library, 29 August 2003
2327:Government of Hong Kong. 28 April 2015. "
2167:. 2006. "Nationality Law." Pp. 476–92 in
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2186:Right to a Nationality and Statelessness
2110:
2053:
869:In 1995, the Czech Republic amended its
2234:. 19 January 1984. § 3, para. 32, p. 9.
1978:
1534:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
1521:British Dependent Territory Citizenship
1300:Natural-born Spanish emigrants (mainly
1163:who settled along the coastline of the
938:persons who either were evacuated from
760:origin." Separately, article 15 of the
14:
4410:
2558:Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005
2490:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1925:Guerry, Linda; Rundell, Ethan (2016).
1017:Citizenship (Amendment) Ordinance 2005
787:high salaries and exemptions from the
723:Declaration on Independence of Armenia
3002:
2169:Elgar Encyclopedia of Comparative Law
1442:law, anyone who was a citizen of the
658:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3028:
2975:
2232:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
2158:
2054:Villazor, Rose Cuison (March 2017).
1861:Netherlands International Law Review
1823:
1550:"a citizen of the United States;" or
1058:Constitution of the Irish Free State
678:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2291:Australia Immigration Visa Services
2092:from the original on March 22, 2020
1444:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
24:
2667:Levy, Clifford J. 21 March 2009. "
2113:Fransman's British Nationality Law
1993:Inter-American Commission of Women
1985:Report on the Nationality of Women
1561:
650:European Convention on Nationality
25:
4429:
2806:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968
1642:descent to settle in the country.
1450:
856:
616:populations to become nationals.
600:
538:
4390:
4389:
3111:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2908:"ICL - Lithuania - Constitution"
2540:Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003
2070:Fordham University School of Law
2032:from the original on 28 May 2019
1780:Citizenship Act (disambiguation)
1526:
1464:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968
1071:Separately from this right, the
1012:Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2003
516:
436:, or right by birth on the soil;
34:
4256:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
2982:Citizenship in Southeast Europe
2969:
2942:
2921:
2900:
2880:
2859:
2834:
2800:
2768:
2745:
2722:
2701:
2661:
2638:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2569:
2551:
2533:
2515:
2498:
2453:
2417:
2396:
2372:
2343:
2334:
2321:
2300:
2293:. June 2001. Archived from the
2279:
2266:"ICL - Bulgaria - Constitution"
2258:
2237:
2220:
2199:
2178:
2171:, edited by J. Smiths. p. 479.
1869:Springer Science+Business Media
1591:Zakon o hrvatskom državljanstvu
577:Vatican City § Citizenship
45:needs additional citations for
4093:Federated States of Micronesia
3457:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
2614:Norwegian terms of citizenship
2245:"ICL - Armenia - Constitution"
2104:
2003:
1972:
1918:
1848:
1817:
1716:in the 16th century to become
1182:
748:, Article 25(2): "A person of
570:
13:
1:
2929:"ICL - Poland - Constitution"
2023:European University Institute
1867:(3). The Hague, Netherlands:
1824:Boll, Alfred Michael (2007).
1810:
1738:eligible for dual nationality
1570:: The Citizenship Act of the
1064:, and reinforced by the 1998
581:Uniquely, citizenship of the
422:
4374:British Overseas Territories
2512:. Maahanmuuttovirasto. 2020.
1517:British Overseas Citizenship
1512:British Nationality Act 1981
1458:British Nationality Act 1948
798:
484:English common law tradition
444:, or right of the blood; and
7:
4244:Renunciation of citizenship
2510:Finnish Immigration Service
1832:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
1758:
1714:Jews expelled from Portugal
1652:, which has 500,000 ethnic
915:Finnish Immigration Service
805:Right of abode in Hong Kong
733:
509:will be restricted by age.
467:
10:
4434:
2635:Retrieved 11 December 2006
2616:Retrieved 11 December 2006
2604:Retrieved 11 December 2006
2577:"Inside The Jewish Agency"
2213:. 1930. Archived from the
1431:
1427:
1200:
1126:
1097:is legislation enacted by
1086:
1030:
1026:
1021:Overseas Citizens of India
991:
897:
847:Republic of China passport
840:Republic of China passport
816:
802:
771:
737:
709:
705:
604:
574:
520:
471:
4369:
4343:
4285:
4226:
4179:
4080:
3970:
3797:
3790:
3559:
3484:
3341:
3334:
3043:
3036:
2445:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2111:Fransman, Laurie (2011).
2068:(4). New York, New York:
1881:10.1007/s40802-018-0115-8
1688:Constitution of Lithuania
1638:law allows for people of
1618:is entitled to settle in
1196:
1150:
1082:
978:Code of Greek Citizenship
960:
819:Taiwanese nationality law
812:
757:Bulgarian Citizenship Act
740:Bulgarian nationality law
728:Supreme Soviet of Armenia
620:Limits to nationality law
458:countries in the Americas
161:Aboard aircraft and ships
3091:Central African Republic
1610:: Article 36 (3) of the
1543:Title 8 of the U.S. Code
1327:their birth nationality.
1290:Ley de Memoria Histórica
1220:
1129:Japanese nationality law
1122:
1101:in 1950, that gives all
987:
767:
746:Constitution of Bulgaria
712:Armenian nationality law
642:public international law
27:Law of a sovereign state
4189:Commonwealth of Nations
2173:Edward Elgar Publishing
2117:Bloomsbury Professional
1612:Constitution of Estonia
1588:'s law on nationality (
1203:Russian citizenship law
1062:Constitution of Ireland
1051:British nationality law
1045:, which is part of the
1000:Person of Indian Origin
823:The immigration law of
718:Constitution of Armenia
452:, or right of marriage.
4003:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1785:History of citizenship
1703:Polish nationality law
1698:Constitution of Poland
1596:
1590:
1380:Miguel Primo de Rivera
1371:Communities in Spain.
1350:and persecuted by the
1289:
1004:nationality by descent
994:Indian nationality law
4386:Partially recognized.
3251:São Tomé and Príncipe
2165:de Groot, Gerard-René
1982:(November 28, 1933).
1665:Iraqi nationality law
1594:) defines emigrants (
1434:Ukrainian citizenship
1405:In October 2006, the
1282:Historical Memory Law
1033:Irish nationality law
399:, and of each of its
298:Diplomatic protection
4325:Second-class citizen
4298:Multiple citizenship
3767:United Arab Emirates
3401:(Kingdom of Denmark)
2522:US Embassy in Athens
2217:on 26 December 2014.
1748:2004 nationality law
1746:: Article 23 of the
1502:Immigration Act 1971
1277:consular officials.
1266:The third category,
980:, as amended by the
793:Chinese Constitution
626:international custom
54:improve this article
4315:Permanent residency
4234:Loss of citizenship
4209:Caribbean Community
3462:Trinidad and Tobago
3447:St. Kitts and Nevis
3349:Antigua and Barbuda
2976:Dumbrava, Costica.
2955:The Times of Israel
2827:Joppke, Christian,
2793:Joppke, Christian,
1718:Portuguese citizens
1614:states that "Every
1572:Republic of Belarus
1352:Spanish Inquisition
1112:former Soviet Union
755:Chapter Two of the
593:as provided in the
561:consular assistance
531:may restrict their
323:Permanent residency
3389:Dominican Republic
2759:2009-05-18 at the
2736:2008-12-11 at the
2694:2007-01-22 at the
2685:Spanish Civil Code
2631:2008-06-14 at the
2563:2011-05-14 at the
2545:2006-04-25 at the
2527:2008-07-05 at the
2331:" (press release).
2297:on 28 August 2006.
2061:Fordham Law Review
1873:T.M.C. Asser Press
1576:ethnic Belarusians
949:internal passports
904:Finnish Aliens Act
716:Article 14 of the
663:Article 1 of the "
343:Identity cleansing
4405:
4404:
4379:Open border with
4222:
4221:
4076:
4075:
3555:
3554:
3475:US Virgin Islands
3402:
3126:Equatorial Guinea
2775:Joppke, Christian
2211:League of Nations
2126:978-1-84592-095-1
1841:978-90-04-14838-3
1602:Croatian diaspora
1306:Spanish Civil War
1066:Belfast Agreement
1039:island of Ireland
931:persons of other
927:Finnish nationals
833:Republic of China
744:According to the
386:
385:
333:Right to homeland
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Nationality law"
16:(Redirected from
4425:
4393:
4392:
4239:Denaturalization
4128:Papua New Guinea
4113:Marshall Islands
3795:
3794:
3400:
3339:
3338:
3041:
3040:
3030:Nationality laws
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2846:travel.state.gov
2838:
2832:
2825:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2705:
2699:
2682:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2642:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2579:. Archived from
2573:
2567:
2555:
2549:
2537:
2531:
2519:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2466:. Archived from
2465:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2357:. Archived from
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2228:Advisory Opinion
2224:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2016:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1821:
1800:Political asylum
1790:Dual nationality
1599:
1593:
1584:: Article 11 of
1392:Giorgio Perlasca
1338:Jews during the
1332:Sephardic Jewish
1238:('by residence')
1210:Russian diaspora
1043:Northern Ireland
953:Second World War
829:overseas Chinese
789:one-child policy
780:Overseas Chinese
726:, issued by the
378:
371:
364:
338:Voluntary return
251:Lost citizenship
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4418:Nationality law
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4365:
4339:
4320:Right of return
4281:
4218:
4181:
4175:
4138:Solomon Islands
4072:
4038:Northern Cyprus
4033:North Macedonia
3966:
3801:
3786:
3551:
3480:
3330:
3032:
3027:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2785:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2761:Wayback Machine
2750:
2746:
2740:
2738:Wayback Machine
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2696:Wayback Machine
2683:
2679:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2651:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2633:Wayback Machine
2624:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2583:on 15 July 2016
2575:
2574:
2570:
2565:Wayback Machine
2556:
2552:
2547:Wayback Machine
2538:
2534:
2529:Wayback Machine
2520:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2461:"Archived copy"
2459:
2458:
2454:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2204:
2200:
2183:
2179:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2052:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2019:Badia Fiesolana
2014:
2008:
2004:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1805:Human migration
1765:Immigration law
1761:
1734:Overseas Korean
1564:
1562:Other countries
1556:
1529:
1488:
1453:
1436:
1430:
1388:Ángel Sanz Briz
1364:Alhambra Decree
1362:of France. The
1356:Spanish Morocco
1348:Alhambra Decree
1324:Ibero-Americans
1261:iure sanguinis,
1223:
1205:
1199:
1185:
1157:Kola Norwegians
1153:
1131:
1125:
1091:
1085:
1035:
1029:
996:
990:
963:
900:
871:Nationality Law
859:
849:—specifically,
821:
815:
807:
801:
776:
770:
742:
736:
714:
708:
692:
630:sovereign state
622:
609:
603:
591:Italian citizen
579:
573:
541:
525:
519:
476:
470:
425:
397:sovereign state
389:Nationality law
382:
348:Right of return
293:Criminalization
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Citizenship law
15:
12:
11:
5:
4431:
4421:
4420:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4387:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:Naturalization
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4204:Nordic Council
4201:
4196:
4194:European Union
4191:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4157:American Samoa
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4068:United Kingdom
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3971:Rest of Europe
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Czech Republic
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3799:European Union
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Western Sahara
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Congo Republic
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2994:
2968:
2941:
2920:
2899:
2890:
2879:
2858:
2833:
2811:
2799:
2783:
2767:
2744:
2721:
2700:
2677:
2673:New York Times
2660:
2637:
2618:
2606:
2594:
2568:
2550:
2532:
2514:
2497:
2452:
2416:
2395:
2371:
2342:
2333:
2320:
2299:
2278:
2257:
2236:
2219:
2198:
2177:
2157:
2132:
2125:
2103:
2043:
2002:
1980:Stevens, Doris
1971:
1917:
1847:
1840:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1741:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1691:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1643:
1635:right of abode
1623:
1605:
1579:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1528:
1525:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1452:
1451:United Kingdom
1449:
1432:Main article:
1429:
1426:
1384:Hungarian Jews
1376:Ottoman Empire
1368:
1367:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1256:Por residencia
1246:
1245:
1239:
1236:por residencia
1233:
1222:
1219:
1201:Main article:
1198:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1168:Kola Peninsula
1152:
1149:
1145:naturalization
1127:Main article:
1124:
1121:
1087:Main article:
1084:
1081:
1047:United Kingdom
1031:Main article:
1028:
1025:
992:Main article:
989:
986:
971:Greek diaspora
962:
959:
958:
957:
936:
933:Finnish origin
929:
899:
896:
888:People In Need
863:Czech Republic
858:
857:Czech Republic
855:
817:Main article:
814:
811:
803:Main article:
800:
797:
784:ethnic Chinese
772:Main article:
769:
766:
738:Main article:
735:
732:
710:Main article:
707:
704:
696:naturalization
691:
688:
687:
686:
674:
673:
621:
618:
607:Naturalization
605:Main article:
602:
601:Naturalization
599:
595:Lateran Treaty
575:Main article:
572:
569:
545:jus matrimonii
540:
539:Jus matrimonii
537:
521:Main article:
518:
515:
472:Main article:
469:
466:
460:have a strong
454:
453:
449:jus matrimonii
445:
437:
424:
421:
384:
383:
381:
380:
373:
366:
358:
355:
354:
353:
352:
351:
350:
345:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
308:Foreign worker
305:
300:
295:
290:
289:
288:
275:
274:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
258:
248:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
224:Naturalization
221:
220:
219:
214:
209:
196:
195:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
172:
165:
164:
163:
150:
149:
143:
142:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4430:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4397:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4381:Schengen Area
4378:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:Statelessness
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4262:Ius sanguinis
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4215:
4214:African Union
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:organizations
4180:International
4178:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4153:United States
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Liechtenstein
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3804:Schengen Area
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3467:United States
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Guinea-Bissau
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2930:
2924:
2909:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2493:
2487:
2473:on 2006-04-10
2469:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2431:September 29,
2426:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2361:on 2012-09-10
2360:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2142:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:: 1673–1724.
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
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1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
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1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
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1715:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1699:
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1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
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1673:
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1641:
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1580:
1577:
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1569:
1566:
1565:
1559:
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1549:
1548:
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1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1527:United States
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:According to
1435:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1244:('by choice')
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Law of Return
1090:
1089:Law of Return
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:and the 1937
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
985:
983:
979:
974:
972:
967:
954:
950:
945:
941:
937:
934:
930:
928:
924:
923:
922:
919:
916:
911:
909:
908:Ingrian Finns
905:
895:
892:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
867:
864:
854:
852:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
820:
810:
806:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
775:
765:
763:
758:
753:
751:
747:
741:
731:
729:
725:
724:
719:
713:
703:
701:
697:
683:
682:
681:
679:
670:
669:
668:
666:
661:
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:statutory law
631:
627:
617:
615:
608:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
568:
564:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
536:
534:
533:jus sanguinis
529:
528:Jus sanguinis
524:
523:Jus sanguinis
517:Jus sanguinis
514:
510:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
485:
480:
475:
465:
463:
459:
451:
450:
446:
443:
442:
441:jus sanguinis
438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
428:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:jurisdictions
398:
394:
390:
379:
374:
372:
367:
365:
360:
359:
357:
356:
349:
346:
344:
341:
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65:Find sources:
59:
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48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4395:
4361:Soviet Union
4356:Ancient Rome
4351:Nazi Germany
4277:Repatriation
4267:
4260:
4227:By procedure
3762:Turkmenistan
3717:Saudi Arabia
3281:South Africa
3266:Sierra Leone
3071:Burkina Faso
3037:By continent
3029:
2985:. Retrieved
2981:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2902:
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2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2861:
2851:February 20,
2849:. Retrieved
2845:
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2794:
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2770:
2764:(in Spanish)
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2741:(in Spanish)
2729:
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2712:. Retrieved
2703:
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2672:
2663:
2652:, retrieved
2646:
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2609:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:the original
2571:
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2500:
2475:. Retrieved
2468:the original
2455:
2429:. Retrieved
2419:
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2398:
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2383:
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2359:the original
2354:
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2005:
1995:– via
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1964:December 19,
1962:. Retrieved
1934:
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136:Legal status
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107:
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83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4335:Travel visa
4293:Citizenship
4118:New Zealand
3962:Switzerland
3917:Netherlands
3727:South Korea
3707:Philippines
3687:North Korea
3567:Afghanistan
3471:Puerto Rico
3394:El Salvador
3286:South Sudan
3171:Ivory Coast
2987:25 November
2506:Remigration
2355:www.mvcr.cz
1875:: 337–357.
1775:Citizenship
1730:South Korea
1696:: From the
1686:: From the
1418:United Left
1400:Bosnian War
1398:during the
1342:of General
1215:Crimean War
1183:Philippines
612:easier for
587:jus officii
571:Jus officii
557:naturalised
409:citizenship
405:nationality
272:Immigration
202:Citizenship
193:Nationality
4048:San Marino
4028:Montenegro
3993:Azerbaijan
3907:Luxembourg
3772:Uzbekistan
3742:Tajikistan
3647:Kyrgyzstan
3642:Kazakhstan
3602:East Timor
3577:Bangladesh
3399:Greenland
3374:Costa Rica
3276:Somaliland
3261:Seychelles
3226:Mozambique
3211:Mauritania
3196:Madagascar
3151:The Gambia
3086:Cape Verde
2689:article 22
2654:2008-10-06
2477:2006-02-08
2409:7 February
2389:2017-04-25
2384:www.mzv.cz
2365:2016-11-16
2313:7 February
2271:7 February
2250:7 February
2086:8090930759
1959:7788119453
1897:1189243655
1830:. Leiden:
1811:References
1672:Kazakhstan
1539:Chapter 12
1410:Parliament
1407:Andalusian
1274:por opción
1269:por opción
1242:por opción
1161:Norwegians
882:region of
667:" states:
644:—e.g., by
549:Cape Verde
464:heritage.
423:Principles
303:Expatriate
156:Birthplace
147:Birthright
110:April 2019
80:newspapers
4286:By result
4088:Australia
3902:Lithuania
3732:Sri Lanka
3722:Singapore
3702:Palestine
3612:Indonesia
3547:Venezuela
3492:Argentina
3452:St. Lucia
3437:Nicaragua
3412:Guatemala
3216:Mauritius
2687:of 2002,
2230:OC 4/84.
2190:OHCHR.org
2078:0015-704X
1943:2554-3822
1905:149761560
1889:1741-6191
1684:Lithuania
1597:iseljenik
1440:Ukrainian
1386:saved by
1344:Juan Prim
1340:campaigns
1330:Those of
1314:de origen
1304:from the
1294:de origen
1250:De origen
1230:de origen
1141:nikkeijin
1136:nikkeijin
1107:immigrate
880:Ukrainian
799:Hong Kong
750:Bulgarian
417:stateless
261:renounced
4412:Category
4396:Category
4308:Internal
4303:Passport
4269:Ius soli
4199:Mercosur
4108:Kiribati
3947:Slovenia
3942:Slovakia
3932:Portugal
3822:Bulgaria
3752:Thailand
3697:Pakistan
3672:Mongolia
3667:Malaysia
3592:Cambodia
3537:Suriname
3527:Paraguay
3512:Colombia
3422:Honduras
3384:Dominica
3359:Barbados
3335:Americas
3326:Zimbabwe
3296:Tanzania
3141:Ethiopia
3136:Eswatini
3116:Djibouti
3081:Cameroon
3066:Botswana
2757:Archived
2734:Archived
2692:Archived
2629:Archived
2561:Archived
2543:Archived
2525:Archived
2486:cite web
2441:cite web
2295:original
2215:original
2096:March 9,
2090:Archived
2036:16 March
2027:Archived
1951:26242543
1910:16 March
1795:Passport
1759:See also
1710:Portugal
1650:Slovakia
1616:Estonian
1396:Sarajevo
1360:Pereiras
1336:Sephardi
1191:No. 9225
1049:, where
891:Czech TV
884:Volhynia
734:Bulgaria
700:diaspora
648:and the
646:treaties
638:case law
614:diaspora
547:laws is
507:jus soli
502:jus soli
498:jus soli
494:Jus soli
488:colonies
479:Jus soli
474:Jus soli
468:Jus soli
462:jus soli
433:jus soli
229:Ius Doni
212:multiple
176:Jus soli
4344:Defunct
4171:Vanuatu
4081:Oceania
4063:Ukraine
4018:Moldova
4008:Georgia
3998:Belarus
3988:Andorra
3983:Armenia
3978:Albania
3937:Romania
3882:Ireland
3877:Iceland
3872:Hungary
3862:Germany
3852:Finland
3847:Estonia
3842:Denmark
3827:Croatia
3817:Belgium
3812:Austria
3777:Vietnam
3677:Myanmar
3662:Lebanon
3572:Bahrain
3542:Uruguay
3517:Ecuador
3497:Bolivia
3427:Jamaica
3407:Grenada
3354:Bahamas
3306:Tunisia
3271:Somalia
3256:Senegal
3241:Nigeria
3231:Namibia
3221:Morocco
3186:Liberia
3181:Lesotho
3131:Eritrea
3101:Comoros
3076:Burundi
3051:Algeria
2961:15 July
2934:15 July
2913:15 July
2872:15 July
2714:15 July
2587:15 July
2150:31 July
1724:Romania
1677:Oralman
1646:Hungary
1640:African
1620:Estonia
1608:Estonia
1586:Croatia
1582:Croatia
1568:Belarus
1428:Ukraine
1422:Morocco
1310:recover
1286:Spanish
1165:Russian
1116:halakha
1027:Ireland
925:former
898:Finland
782:(i.e.,
706:Armenia
685:rights.
628:, each
391:is the
328:Refugee
313:Illegal
207:missing
140:persons
94:scholar
4148:Tuvalu
4058:Turkey
4053:Serbia
4043:Russia
4023:Monaco
4013:Kosovo
3957:Sweden
3927:Poland
3922:Norway
3892:Latvia
3867:Greece
3857:France
3832:Cyprus
3791:Europe
3757:Turkey
3747:Taiwan
3652:Kuwait
3637:Jordan
3627:Israel
3587:Brunei
3582:Bhutan
3522:Guyana
3502:Brazil
3442:Panama
3432:Mexico
3369:Canada
3364:Belize
3321:Zambia
3311:Uganda
3246:Rwanda
3201:Malawi
3161:Guinea
3056:Angola
3044:Africa
2123:
2084:
2076:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1838:
1752:Serbia
1744:Serbia
1736:" are
1694:Poland
1674:: see
1662:: see
1654:Magyar
1519:, and
1312:their
1302:exiles
1197:Russia
1151:Norway
1099:Israel
1083:Israel
961:Greece
940:Ingria
876:Czechs
825:Taiwan
813:Taiwan
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4143:Tonga
4133:Samoa
4123:Palau
4103:Nauru
3952:Spain
3912:Malta
3887:Italy
3782:Yemen
3737:Syria
3712:Qatar
3682:Nepal
3632:Japan
3607:India
3597:China
3507:Chile
3485:South
3417:Haiti
3342:North
3291:Sudan
3236:Niger
3191:Libya
3176:Kenya
3156:Ghana
3146:Gabon
3121:Egypt
3061:Benin
2471:(PDF)
2464:(PDF)
2144:(PDF)
2030:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1989:(PDF)
1947:JSTOR
1901:S2CID
1630:Ghana
1626:Ghana
1469:Kenya
1221:Spain
1159:were
1123:Japan
988:India
768:China
676:The "
413:alien
395:of a
286:Enemy
281:Alien
101:JSTOR
87:books
4165:Guam
4098:Fiji
3802:and
3692:Oman
3657:Laos
3622:Iraq
3617:Iran
3560:Asia
3532:Peru
3379:Cuba
3301:Togo
3206:Mali
3096:Chad
2989:2014
2963:2016
2936:2016
2915:2016
2874:2016
2853:2020
2716:2016
2589:2016
2492:link
2447:link
2433:2013
2411:2015
2315:2015
2273:2015
2252:2015
2152:2022
2121:ISBN
2098:2021
2082:OCLC
2074:ISSN
2038:2021
1966:2020
1955:OCLC
1939:ISSN
1931:Clio
1912:2021
1893:OCLC
1885:ISSN
1836:ISBN
1660:Iraq
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1499:The
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1390:and
1155:The
1103:Jews
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