562:
253:. Certified First Responder courses in Canada are separated into either "First Responder" or "Emergency Medical Responder" level courses. "First Responder" level courses are between 40 and 60 hours in length and is considered the minimum level of training for crews providing medical standby at events, as well as for employment with some private stable transport companies that provide inter-hospital transfer for patients in need of a bed, but are stable and do not require advanced medical care. "Emergency Medical Responder" level courses meet the Paramedic Association of Canada's National Occupational Competency Profile, and those who receive certification at this level can work for
502:, and use other pieces of lifesaving equipment to assist ambulance crews, and maintain patient stability whilst professional crews are in attendance. Responders have no special dispensation to break the rules of the road whilst attending calls. Under the Road Traffic Act and various other UK traffic law, correct and permitted use of Blue Lights on a vehicle does not allow the driver to cross solid white lines to overtake, but does allow the driver to treat a red light as a 'Give Way' sign. Out of all the Ambulance trusts in the UK, a handful have CFR schemes with dedicated cars, and these are not given blue lights as CFR's do not undergo blue light training.
454:
261:
2059:
528:(D.O.T.) recognized a gap between the typical eight hours training required for providing advanced first aid (as taught by the Red Cross) and the 180 hours typical of an EMT-Basic program. Also, some rural communities could not afford the comprehensive training and highly experienced instructors required for a full EMT-Basic course. The First Responder training program began in 1979 as an outgrowth of the "Crash Injury Management" course.
2071:
32:
124:
578:, oral airway, nasal airway, supplemental oxygen administration, suctioning, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), use of an automated external defibrillator (AED), manual stabilization of fractures, and assisting in the administration of basic medications such as epinephrine auto-injectors, oral glucose, and inhalers. They are also trained in packaging, moving and transporting patients.
189:, police, fire) and medically trained telecommunication operators who provide pre-arrival medical instructions as trained Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMD). Many police officers and firefighters are required to receive training as certified first responders. Advanced medical care is typically provided by EMS, although some police officers and firefighters also train to become
134:
306:
employed by
Volunteer Fire Departments, Campus Response Teams, and others who are required to perform Emergency Medical Response as part of their duties all have a Duty to Act. While Certified First Responders in general are not required to render aid to injured/ill persons, those who work in the aforementioned areas can be accused of and prosecuted for
414:
acts as the approving body for
Emergency Medical Responder certification and provides the training curriculum. Guidelines for EMRs are published in the Emergency Medical Operation Manual for First Responder Units. Certification only lasts for two 2 years and requires refresher training to maintain.
310:
if they fail to respond when notified of a medical emergency, if their care does not meet the standard to which they were trained, or their care exceeds their scope of practice and causes harm to the patient. As with all medically trained and certified persons, Certified First
Responders are immune
305:
in jurisdictions where they are enacted, in some cases they have a Duty To Act for example, Ontario. Certified First
Responders who are providing medical coverage to events (such as Red Cross, St. John Ambulance's Patient Care Divisions and private event medical companies), as well as those who are
531:
In 1995 the D.O.T. issued a manual for an intermediate level of training called "First
Responder." This training can be completed in twenty-four to sixty hours. Importantly, this training can be conducted by an EMT-Basic with some field experience—which is a resource available "in-house" for many
418:
Rescue clubs and ambulance foundations most often serve communities with volunteers to respond to emergencies with ambulances and other rescue resources. Most foundations and clubs request volunteers to acquire at least the
Emergency Medical Responder level of training. Most EMR level units use
603:
standards 1006 and 1670 state that all "rescuers" must have medical training to perform any technical rescue operation, including cutting the vehicle itself during an extrication. Therefore, in most all rescue environments, whether it is an EMS or Fire
Department that runs the rescue, the actual
590:
Skillwise, a certified first responder in the US is often trained and allowed to do most of what an emergency medical technician is allowed to. Some exceptions in some jurisdictions include insertion of King airways or combi-tubes, traction splinting, and administration of nebulized albuterol.
586:
First
Responders can serve as secondary providers with some volunteer EMS services. An Emergency Medical Responder can be seen either as an advanced first aid provider, or as a limited provider of emergency medical care when more advanced providers have not yet arrived or are not available.
419:
pickup trucks with elevated caps to respond to emergencies. These vehicles usually are marked with the association name and seal along with lighting and sirens. Units at this level act as the first arriving responders, and must do much to stabilize the scene for other units, such as
569:
First
Responders in the US can either provide initial emergency care first on the scene (police/fire department/search and rescue) or support Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics. The skills allowed at this level are very similar to an EMT's including bleeding control,
423:(ALS), to arrive. EMR units often transport patients to medical treatment facilities especially for basic level patients and when ALS units are unavailable. EMRs coordinate with firefighters, police, and other medical professionals in emergency situations.
550:" has largely replaced the term "Certified First Responder" or "Medical First Responder" beginning in 2012. "Emergency Medical Responder" or "EMR" is an EMS certification level recognized by the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians.
399:(Thailand) First Responder is a certification most commonly achieved by local volunteers. This certification is referred to as Emergency Medical Responder or EMR. EMRs can provide emergency care for vehicle collisions, trauma,
656:
Many people who do not fall into the earlier mentioned categories seek out or receive this type of training because they are likely to be first on the scene of a medical emergency, or because they work far from medical help.
490:
The total number of calls received within these locations must be significant enough for training to take place, ensuring motivation of the group members and that their contribution would have a valued, significant effect on
435:. These are typically estate cars, MPVs or 4x4s, are liveried with high-visibility ambulance markings, and fitted with blue flashing lights and sirens. These vehicles are generally single-crewed, by a
403:, birthing, and other emergencies. EMRs must maintain their certification through a foundation, club, association, or government agency. The next level of certification in emergency response is
410:
Training for EMR level must be done through an approved training. Most provincial hospitals provide training or are directly connected with teaching the training. EMR is a 50-hour course. The
785:
461:
A Community First
Responder Scheme is made up of groups of volunteers who, within the community in which they live or work, have been trained to attend emergency calls received by the
648:
personnel. Many first responders have location specific training such as water rescue or mountain rescue and must take advanced courses to be certified (i.e. lifeguard).
363:. The arrival of first responders is thus the most common result of an emergency call. In addition, in France there exists a network of first responder associations, as
293:
all provide First Responder level emergency medical care, in some cases as a support to existing services, and in others as the primary emergency response organization.
636:
require a valid CFR-D (Certified First Responder - Defibrillation) certification. The first responder level of emergency medical training is also often required for
536:
who do not have the resources for full EMT training. The first responder training is intended to fill the gap between First Aid and Emergency Medical Technician.
487:
Towns or villages where it is challenging for an emergency ambulance to arrive at scene within 8 minutes – this is usually in the more rural areas of the county.
1123:
42:
1895:
1013:. National Fire Protection Association (2008 ed.). Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. 2007. pp. 1006-13 through 1006-15
1899:
977:
1915:
1659:
927:
2021:
1910:
690:
Designated industrial workers in a large facility (industrial plant) or at a remote site (fish-packing plant, commercial vessel, oil rig)
561:
103:
75:
1887:
1905:
1116:
948:
1925:
1595:
860:. The Canadian Red Cross Society (1 ed.). 2 Quebec St, Suite 107, Guelph, ON: The StayWell Health Company. 2008. p. 7.
311:
to successful prosecution if assistance was given in good faith up to, and not beyond, the limits of certification and training.
250:
82:
1935:
1775:
624:
The first responder training is considered a bare minimum for emergency service workers who may be sent out in response to an
2096:
1201:
908:
865:
826:
1930:
1747:
600:
89:
2015:
1945:
1920:
1437:
1109:
1088:
This US organization also certifies Certified First Responders, who will soon be known as Emergency Medical Responders.
71:
726:
525:
1050:. National Fire Protection Association (2009 ed.). National Fire Protection Association. 2008. pp. 1670–12
61:
1770:
1712:
1652:
1503:
495:
178:
2009:
1949:
1722:
1997:
1991:
431:
In the United Kingdom, most statutory NHS ambulance services deploy paid first responders who drive dedicated
2074:
1979:
1962:
1482:
633:
571:
158:
2101:
2003:
1985:
1968:
1717:
1590:
1196:
1186:
881:
747:
359:
who have been specially trained acting with emergency protocols; these nurses are the French equivalent of
344:
246:
190:
181:(AED) usage. The term "certified first responder" is not to be confused with "first responder", which is a
162:
2062:
1645:
1384:
1302:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1191:
1163:
821:. The Canadian Red Cross Society (1 ed.). Guelph, ON: The StayWell Health Company. 2008. p. 9.
742:
547:
513:
432:
379:) or others. These CFR volunteers are allowed to supervise massive outside meetings, student gatherings,
232:
20:
153:. Certified individuals should have received much more instruction than someone who is trained in basic
1687:
1487:
1475:
1132:
1068:
1031:
885:
842:
186:
146:
96:
533:
453:
448:
254:
161:(CPR) but they are not necessarily a substitute for more advanced emergency medical care rendered by
137:
Volunteer firefighters trained as medical first responders extricate and treat a car accident victim.
50:
1242:
1181:
57:
1045:
1008:
984:
473:, providing potentially life-saving treatment and first aid until an emergency ambulance arrives.
133:
1470:
1430:
477:
466:
462:
368:
46:
924:
1702:
1616:
1307:
765:
268:
and fire departments assist paramedics during an exercise outside Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
2043:
1814:
1787:
1528:
1153:
483:, when looking at the locations for Responder Groups, take the following into consideration:
420:
1820:
1697:
1682:
1626:
1533:
1269:
1232:
698:
290:
260:
8:
1799:
1793:
1781:
1518:
1404:
1211:
604:
rescuers who cut the vehicle and run the extrication scene or perform any rescue such as
396:
278:
956:
1973:
1877:
1668:
1621:
1423:
1394:
1322:
1148:
1085:
1062:
1047:
NFPA 1670 Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents
1025:
875:
836:
609:
540:
302:
282:
265:
242:
1872:
1707:
1692:
1465:
1460:
1399:
1379:
1363:
1353:
1294:
904:
861:
822:
704:
645:
605:
470:
150:
439:. This differs from most ambulances in the UK, which usually have two crew members.
1289:
1216:
693:
364:
494:
Community first responders are members of the community who are trained to use an
1559:
1389:
1332:
1317:
1279:
931:
637:
543:
conducts a course titled "Emergency Medical Response" that fits this definition.
324:
286:
219:
938:, National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians, Columbus, Ohio, Fall 2011.
1804:
1766:
1755:
1564:
1549:
1508:
925:
Your Transition Plan: From First Responder to Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
675:
625:
575:
145:
is a person who has completed a course and received certification in providing
2090:
1732:
1523:
1249:
1101:
711:
237:
Many options are available in order to become a certified First Responder in
612:, etc., are Emergency Medical Responders, Emergency Medical Technicians, or
185:
term referring to the first medically trained responder to arrive on scene (
1727:
1358:
1312:
1176:
1143:
1096:
757:
664:
641:
629:
411:
335:
company (relative emergency at home), or by a medical team that includes a
182:
1862:
1826:
670:
553:
By 2015, most states recognize the level of Emergency Medical Responder.
384:
289:, Campus Emergency Response Teams, few private medical services, and the
2038:
1847:
1761:
1254:
898:
721:
685:
307:
60:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
383:. These volunteers have followed the same special rescuer training as
1957:
1842:
1809:
1637:
1569:
1446:
1327:
1237:
1206:
1010:
NFPA 1006 Standards for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualifications
752:
716:
613:
480:
436:
404:
360:
336:
332:
323:, pre-hospital care is performed either by first responders from the
194:
170:
166:
154:
955:. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. Archived from
1867:
1857:
1852:
1611:
1337:
1513:
786:"National Occupational Competency Profile For Paramedics - Final"
681:
301:
While all Certified First Responders in Canada are covered under
1737:
1554:
499:
320:
238:
628:. It is almost always required for professional and volunteer
356:
340:
16:
Person who provides pre-hospital care for medical emergencies
1415:
901:
Emergency Medical Operation Manual for First Responder Units
296:
1091:
565:
Emergency responders are tested during a training exercise.
348:
400:
174:
660:
Some of these non-traditional first responders include:
355:, ISP), is only a recent evolution and is performed by
412:
National Institute for Emergency Medicine of Thailand
241:. Courses are offered by many sources including the
978:"National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians"
457:
Scottish Ambulance Service "First responder" vehicle
442:
1086:
National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians.
651:
351:"). The intermediate scale, the firefighter nurse (
377:Fédération Française de Sauvetage et de Secourisme
331:, in most emergency situations) or from a private
2088:
899:Emergency Medical Institute of Thailand (2010).
387:(PSE 1 and PSE 2, in all 70 hours of training).
1896:International Federation for Emergency Medicine
619:
616:, as most every rescue has a patient involved.
1900:International Conference on Emergency Medicine
1131:
169:. First responders typically provide advanced
56:Please review the contents of the article and
1653:
1431:
1117:
1916:Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians
762:National First Responders Organization (USA)
2022:Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient
1911:Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
1660:
1646:
1438:
1424:
1124:
1110:
903:. Bangkok: N P Press Limited Partnership.
1097:National Institute for Emergency Medicine
581:
297:Limitations on Certified First Responders
1906:American College of Emergency Physicians
560:
452:
259:
132:
1926:European Society for Emergency Medicine
1596:Wilderness emergency medical technician
729:(CERT) members (varies by jurisdiction)
632:. For example, all firefighters of the
2089:
1936:American Academy of Emergency Medicine
1667:
812:
810:
1641:
1419:
1202:Advanced emergency medical technician
1105:
1931:Asian Society for Emergency Medicine
601:National Fire Protection Association
556:
25:
2016:Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics
1921:Royal College of Emergency Medicine
949:"Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)"
807:
13:
405:Emergency Medical Technician Basic
14:
2113:
1079:
795:. Paramedic Association of Canada
727:Community Emergency Response Team
526:U.S. Department of Transportation
443:Community First Responder Schemes
426:
2069:
2058:
2057:
1713:International emergency medicine
1504:Automated external defibrillator
684:, childcare workers, and school
652:Non-traditional first responders
506:
496:automated external defibrillator
179:automated external defibrillator
122:
30:
2070:
2010:Pediatric Advanced Life Support
1723:Pre-hospital emergency medicine
19:For the more current term, see
1998:Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns
1992:Neonatal Resuscitation Program
1038:
1001:
970:
941:
917:
892:
849:
778:
251:Department of National Defence
200:
58:add the appropriate references
1:
1980:Advanced cardiac life support
1963:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1483:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1445:
771:
634:New York City Fire Department
572:positive pressure ventilation
191:emergency medical technicians
163:emergency medical technicians
159:cardiopulmonary resuscitation
2097:Emergency medical responders
2004:Pediatric basic life support
1986:Advanced trauma life support
1969:Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
1718:Pediatric emergency medicine
1591:Emergency medical technician
1197:Emergency medical technician
1187:Emergency medical dispatcher
748:Emergency medical technician
620:Traditional first responders
345:emergency medical technician
7:
1385:Critical emergency medicine
1303:Kendrick extrication device
1275:Nontransporting EMS vehicle
1265:Light horse field ambulance
1192:Emergency medical responder
743:Emergency medical responder
736:
548:Emergency Medical Responder
514:Emergency Medical Responder
390:
272:
233:Emergency medical responder
207:Emergency Medical Responder
72:"Certified first responder"
43:reliable medical references
21:Emergency medical responder
10:
2118:
1688:Emergency medical services
1488:Emergency bleeding control
1133:Emergency medical services
534:volunteer fire departments
519:
446:
255:Emergency Medical Services
230:
18:
2052:
2031:
1944:
1886:
1835:
1746:
1675:
1604:
1586:Certified first responder
1578:
1542:
1496:
1453:
1372:
1346:
1288:
1225:
1172:Certified first responder
1162:
1139:
1092:UK First Responder Scheme
594:
449:Community first responder
367:(Croix-rouge française),
314:
226:
211:Emergency First Responder
143:certified first responder
49:or relies too heavily on
1863:Epinephrine / Adrenaline
1182:Emergency care assistant
880:: CS1 maint: location (
478:Welsh Ambulance Services
353:infirmier sapeur-pompier
285:Patient Care Divisions,
467:National Health Service
433:rapid response vehicles
369:French Civil Protection
215:Medical First Responder
1067:: CS1 maint: others (
1030:: CS1 maint: others (
841:: CS1 maint: others (
766:Outdoor Emergency Care
710:Campus Responders and
582:Skills and limitations
566:
458:
269:
264:First Responders from
138:
2044:Injury Severity Score
1815:Nasopharyngeal airway
1788:Intraosseous infusion
1529:Nasopharyngeal airway
1154:Advanced life support
884:) CS1 maint: others (
858:Emergency Care Manual
819:Emergency Care Manual
564:
456:
421:Advanced Life Support
263:
136:
1821:Oropharyngeal airway
1698:Emergency psychiatry
1683:Emergency department
1534:Oropharyngeal airway
1270:Motorcycle ambulance
1233:Air medical services
699:Emergency management
546:In the US the term "
291:Canadian Coast Guard
2102:Medical credentials
1800:Tracheal intubation
1794:Intravenous therapy
1627:Wilderness medicine
1405:Wilderness medicine
1212:Emergency physician
397:Kingdom of Thailand
303:Good Samaritan laws
279:Canadian Ski Patrol
257:in some provinces.
151:medical emergencies
1974:Basic life support
1878:Sodium bicarbonate
1676:Emergency medicine
1669:Emergency medicine
1622:Good Samaritan law
1395:Emergency medicine
1323:Spinal precautions
1149:Basic life support
930:2016-09-09 at the
610:swift water rescue
567:
541:American Red Cross
459:
283:St. John Ambulance
270:
266:St. John Ambulance
247:St. John Ambulance
243:Canadian Red Cross
139:
2084:
2083:
1873:Magnesium sulfate
1782:Electrocardiogram
1708:Medical emergency
1693:Emergency nursing
1635:
1634:
1466:Airway management
1461:Abdominal thrusts
1413:
1412:
1400:Military medicine
1380:Aviation medicine
1364:Search and rescue
1354:Ambulance station
910:978-974-49606-7-2
867:978-1-58480-404-8
828:978-1-58480-404-8
705:Search and rescue
694:Security Officers
646:search and rescue
557:Scope of practice
471:Ambulance Service
373:Protection civile
147:pre-hospital care
131:
130:
107:
2109:
2073:
2072:
2061:
2060:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1290:Casualty lifting
1217:Medical director
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
983:. Archived from
982:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
945:
939:
921:
915:
914:
896:
890:
889:
879:
871:
853:
847:
846:
840:
832:
814:
805:
804:
802:
800:
790:
782:
365:French Red Cross
329:sapeurs-pompiers
287:Fire Departments
126:
125:
117:
114:
108:
106:
65:
34:
33:
26:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2048:
2032:Scoring systems
2027:
1940:
1882:
1831:
1742:
1671:
1666:
1636:
1631:
1600:
1574:
1538:
1492:
1449:
1444:
1414:
1409:
1390:Diving medicine
1368:
1342:
1333:Vacuum mattress
1318:Scoop stretcher
1292:
1284:
1280:Water ambulance
1260:Combination car
1221:
1158:
1135:
1130:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1002:
993:
991:
987:
980:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
947:
946:
942:
932:Wayback Machine
922:
918:
911:
897:
893:
873:
872:
868:
855:
854:
850:
834:
833:
829:
816:
815:
808:
798:
796:
788:
784:
783:
779:
774:
739:
654:
644:personnel, and
638:police officers
622:
597:
584:
559:
522:
509:
451:
445:
429:
393:
325:fire department
317:
299:
275:
235:
229:
220:First Responder
205:Also called an
203:
127:
123:
118:
112:
109:
66:
55:
51:primary sources
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
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1903:
1892:
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1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1805:Laryngeal tube
1802:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:Defibrillation
1764:
1759:
1756:Bag valve mask
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
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1665:
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1642:
1633:
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1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1579:Certifications
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Bag valve mask
1506:
1500:
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39:This article
37:
28:
27:
22:
2068:
2056:
1950:Life support
1728:Major trauma
1585:
1359:Rescue squad
1313:Spinal board
1177:Combat medic
1171:
1144:Paramedicine
1052:. Retrieved
1046:
1040:
1015:. Retrieved
1009:
1003:
992:. Retrieved
985:the original
972:
961:. Retrieved
957:the original
952:
943:
936:The Registry
935:
919:
900:
894:
857:
851:
818:
797:. Retrieved
793:paramedic.ca
792:
780:
758:Rescue squad
671:Park rangers
659:
655:
642:rescue squad
630:firefighters
623:
606:rope rescues
598:
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173:level care,
142:
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110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
47:verification
40:
1827:Pocket mask
1703:Golden hour
1617:Golden hour
686:bus drivers
201:Terminology
41:needs more
2091:Categories
2039:NACA score
1848:Amiodarone
1762:Chest tube
1454:Techniques
1255:Blood bike
1054:2009-11-18
1017:2009-11-18
994:2014-08-21
963:2014-03-07
772:References
717:Lifeguards
614:Paramedics
361:paramedics
308:negligence
249:, and the
231:See also:
195:paramedics
167:paramedics
83:newspapers
1958:First aid
1843:Adenosine
1810:Combitube
1784:(ECG/EKG)
1748:Equipment
1543:Mnemonics
1497:Equipment
1447:First aid
1328:Stretcher
1238:Ambulance
1207:Paramedic
1063:cite book
1026:cite book
953:nremt.org
876:cite book
837:cite book
753:Paramedic
707:personnel
701:personnel
491:patients.
481:NHS Trust
437:paramedic
407:(EMT-B).
381:et cetera
375:), FFSS (
347:(called "
337:physician
333:ambulance
171:first aid
155:first aid
2063:Category
2024:(CCrISP)
1868:Naloxone
1858:Dopamine
1853:Atropine
1612:Bleeding
1519:Dressing
1476:Advanced
1338:Weevac 6
1295:movement
1226:Vehicles
928:Archived
737:See also
682:Teachers
391:Thailand
273:Examples
113:May 2014
2075:Outline
2000:(ACoRN)
1946:Courses
1514:Bandage
1243:history
799:7 March
678:workers
676:Utility
574:with a
520:History
498:, give
395:In the
343:and an
183:generic
97:scholar
62:removed
2018:(ALSO)
2012:(PALS)
2006:(PBLS)
1988:(ATLS)
1982:(ACLS)
1738:Triage
1605:Topics
1565:SAMPLE
1555:OPQRST
1308:Litter
1164:People
907:
864:
825:
667:Divers
595:Rescue
500:oxygen
357:nurses
321:France
315:France
245:, and
239:Canada
227:Canada
177:, and
99:
92:
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1994:(NRP)
1976:(BLS)
1965:(CPR)
1836:Drugs
1823:(OPA)
1817:(NPA)
1758:(BVM)
1471:Basic
1347:Other
988:(PDF)
981:(PDF)
856:"1".
817:"1".
789:(PDF)
665:SCUBA
341:nurse
217:, or
104:JSTOR
90:books
1796:(IV)
1790:(IO)
1570:SOAP
1560:RICE
1293:and
1069:link
1032:link
905:ISBN
886:link
882:link
862:ISBN
843:link
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801:2014
599:The
539:The
524:The
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476:The
349:SMUR
339:, a
277:The
165:and
157:and
149:for
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608:or
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319:In
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