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contemporarily called "red brass." Modern-day experiments on stringing a Celtic harp include testing of more exotic and custom materials including copper alloys, silver, and gold. Other experiments include more easily obtainable materials, including softer iron, as well as yellow and red brass. The strings attach to a soundbox, typically carved from a single log, commonly of willow, although other woods, including alder and poplar, have been identified in extant harps. The Celtic harp also had a reinforced curved pillar and a substantial neck, flanked with thick brass cheek bands. The strings are plucked with long fingernails. This type of harp is also unique amongst single row triangular harps in that the first two strings tuned in the middle of the gamut were set to the same pitch.
36:
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played for Lord Neill
Campbell. The harper Manus McShire is mentioned in an account book covering the period 1688â1704. A harper called Neill Baine is mentioned in a letter dated 1702 from a servitor of Allan MacDonald of Clanranald. Angus McDonald, harper, received payment on the instructions of Menzies of Culdares on 19 June 1713, and the Marquis of Huntly's accounts record a payment to two harpers in 1714. Other harpers include Rory Dall Morison (who died
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423:. Pictish harps were strung from horsehair. The instruments apparently spread south to the Anglo Saxons who commonly used gut strings and then west to the Gaels of the Highlands and to Ireland. Exactly thirteen depictions of any triangular chordophone instrument from pre-11th-century Europe exist and twelve of them come from Scotland.
2057:
790:
The playing of the wire-strung harp has been described as extremely difficult. Because of the long-lasting resonance, the performer had to dampen strings which had just been played while new strings were being plucked, and this while playing rapidly. Contrary to conventional modern practice, the left
972:
The names of a number of the last harpers are recorded. The blind Duncan McIndeor, who died in 1694, was harper to
Campbell of Auchinbreck, but also frequented Edinburgh. A receipt for "two bolls of meall", dated 1683, is extant for another harper, also blind, named Patrick McErnace, who apparently
441:
Only two quadrangular instruments occur within the Irish context on the west coast of
Scotland and both carvings date two hundred years after the Pictish carvings. The first true representations of the Irish triangular harp do not appear till the late eleventh century in a reliquary and the twelfth
815:
During the medieval period, the wire-strung harp was in demand throughout the Gaelic territories, which stretched from the northern
Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland to the south of Ireland. The Gaelic worlds of Scotland and Ireland, however, while retaining close links, were already showing
1006:
419:, which, if actually a bridge, would make it the oldest surviving fragment of a western European stringed instrument (although images of Greek lyres are much older). The earliest descriptions of a European triangular framed harp, i.e. harps with a fore pillar, are found on carved 8th century
2029:
593:
Two experts in this field, John
Bannerman and Micheal Newton, agree that, by the 1500s, the most common Celtic harp strings are made of brass. Historical sources don't seem to mention the strings' gauge or materials, other than references to a very low-quality and simply-made brass, often
1596:
Also: Alasdair Ross discusses that all the
Scottish harp figures were copied from foreign drawings and not from life, in 'Harps of Their Owne Sorte'? A Reassessment of Pictish Chordophone Depictions "Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies" 36, Winter
791:
hand played the treble and the right the bass. It was said that a player should begin to learn the harp no later than the age of seven. The best modern players have shown, however, that reasonable competence may be achieved even at a later age.
1648:
Alasdair Ross discusses that all the
Scottish harp figures were copied from foreign drawings and not from life, in 'Harps of Their Owne Sorte'? A Reassessment of Pictish Chordophone Depictions "Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies" 36, Winter
491:
Scotland and Wales, the former by reason of her derivation, the latter from intercourse and affinity, seek with emulous endeavours to imitate
Ireland in music. Ireland uses and delights in but two instruments, the harp namely, and the
477:, somewhat contradicts himself. While admitting that the style of music originated in Ireland, he immediately added that, in "the opinion of many", the Scots and the Welsh had now surpassed them in that skill. Gerald refers to the
1013:
In the early 19th century, even as the old Gaelic harp tradition was dying out, a new harp was developed in
Ireland. It had gut strings and semitone mechanisms like an orchestral pedal harp, and was built and marketed by
847:
We may note as a remarkable fact that the descendants of
Protestant settlers, who had been at most for three generations in the country, seem to have been just as devoted to the Irish music of the harp as were the old Gaelic
207:
341:
438:, most likely a kind of lyre. Despite providing the earliest evidence of stringed instruments in Ireland, no records described what these instruments looked like, or how the cruit and tiompĂĄn differed from one another.
446:, the only other source outside Pictish Scotland to display a Triangular Chordophone instrument. The Utrecht Psalter was penned between 816 and 835 AD. However, Pictish Triangular Chordophone carvings found on the
574:, a wood not native to Scotland or Ireland. This theory has been refuted by Karen Loomis in her 2015 PhD thesis. All three are dated approximately to the 15th century and may have been made in
1559:
History Literature and music in Scotland 1700-1560 Russell Andrew McDonald 2002 University of Toronto Press, Arts Medieval Recent introduction from Scotland to Ireland of the triangular harp.
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997:
By the middle of the eighteenth century the "violer" (fiddle player) had replaced the harper, a consequence, perhaps, of the growing influence in the Gaelic world of Lowland Scots culture.
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Multorum autem opinione, hodie Scotia non-tantum magistram aequiparavit Hiberniam, verum etiam in musica peritia longe praevalet et praecellit. Unde et ibi quasi fontem artis jam requirunt
469:
The only thing to which I find that this people apply a commendable industry is playing upon musical instruments⊠they are incomparably more skilful than any other nation I have ever seen
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1380:
969:(harp player). Terms relating to theme and variation on the clĂ rsach and the bagpipe correlate to each other. Founders of bagpipe dynasties are also noted as clĂĄrsach players.
929:
shares the high status of the clĂ rsach. It would help supplant the harp, and may already have developed its own classical tradition in the form of the elaborate "great music" (
442:
century on stone and the earliest harps used in Ireland were quadrangular lyres as ecclesiastical instruments, One study suggests Pictish stone carvings may be copied from the
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227:
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Loomis, Karen A. , Organology of the Queen Mary and Lamont Harps, PhD thesis, under the supervision of Edwin van Beek and Darryl Martin, University of Edinburgh, 2015.
426:
The earliest Irish references to stringed instruments are from the 6th century, and players of such instruments were held in high regard by the nobility of the time.
852:
The function of the clĂ rsach in a Hebridean lordship, both as entertainment and as literary metaphor, is illustrated in the songs of MĂ iri Nic LeĂČid (Mary MacLeod) (
1528:
Scotland's Music: A History of the Traditional and Classical Music of Scotland from Early Times to the Present Day. John Purser (2007) Mainstream Publishing Group.
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1046:, with replicas being made and research being conducted into ancient playing techniques and terminology. A notable event in the revival of the Celtic harp is the
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date from 790 to 799 AD. and pre-date the document by up to forty years. Other Pictish sculptures also predate the Utrecht Psalter, namely the harper on the
769:(soundbox) was usually carved from a single piece of willow, hollowed out from behind. A panel of harder timber was carefully inserted to close the back.
957:
There is evidence that the musical tradition of the clĂ rsach may have influenced the use and repertoire of the bagpipe. The oral mnemonic system called
866:), a prominent Gaelic poet of her time. The chief is praised as one who is skilled in judging harp-playing, the theme of a story and the pith of sense:
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1668:
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and 'cruit' players should sit with the nobility at banquets and not with the common entertainers. Another stringed instrument from this era was the
1384:
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1702:
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2310:, an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on ClĂ rsach (cat. no. 68)
2030:"Carolan: the life, times and music of an Irish harper. 2 vols. i: pp. xv, 285; ii: pp. xiii, 200. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1958. 84s"
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came into use at an unknown date to indicate this pillar which would have supplied the bracing to withstand the tension of a wire-strung harp.
1754:
6367:
3136:
2337:
933:). An elegy to Sir Donald MacDonald of Clanranald, attributed to his widow in 1618, contains a very early reference to the bagpipe in a
1669:"The Nigg stone is dated before the Utrecht Psalter and cannot have influenced the Pictish carvers to copy harp figures from the Ross study"
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5000:
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Newton, Michael & Cheape, Hugh (n.d.) "The Keening of Women and the Roar of the Pipe: From ClĂĄrsach to Bagpipe, ca. 1600â1782".
746:
had a brass strap nailed to each side, pierced by tapered brass tuning pins. The treble end had a tenon which fitted into the top of the
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settlers in Ireland until the late 18th century, although their standing in society was greatly diminished with the introduction of the
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The music of harp and pipe is shown to be intrinsic to the splendour of the MacLeod court, along with wine in shining cups:
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2338:"Tears, Laughter, Magic" â An Interview with Master Celtic Harp Builder Timothy Habinski on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2007
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319:
1194:
Lanier, Sara C. (1999). "'It is new-strung and shan't be heard': Nationalism and Memory in the Irish Harp Tradition".
775:(string shoes) were usually made of brass and prevented the metal strings from cutting into the wood of the soundbox.
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is a description of Ireland from the Anglo-Norman point of view, praised Irish harp music (if little else), stating:
371:. This word may originally have described a different stringed instrument, being etymologically related to the Welsh
94:
49:
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1867:
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524:, dating from about 1500, shows one with a typically large soundbox, decorated with Gaelic designs. The Irish Saint
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may refer to the wooden toggle to which a string was fastened once it had emerged from its hole in the soundboard.
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An ChĂșirt Chruitireachta, International traditional harp course held annually in Termonfeckin Co. Louth, Ireland
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is contested. The first instrument associated with the harping tradition in the Gaelic world was known as a
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487:, but their identification with the harp is uncertain, and it is not known that he ever visited Scotland.
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35:
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A New History of Ireland, prehistoric and early history. Daibhi OCoinin (2005). Oxford University Press.
570:. The last two are examples of the small low-headed harp, and were long believed to have been made from
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294:-strung instrument requiring great skill and long practice to play, and was associated with the Gaelic
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Scotland, Insight Guides. Josephine Buchanan 2003, pp94 Published 2003 Langenscheidt Publishing Group.
1050:, which has been held annually since 1982 and includes both performances and instructional workshops.
1031:
and its soundbox was lighter. In the 1890s a similar new harp became popular in Scotland as part of a
585:, a blind, itinerant Irish harper and composer. At least 220 of his compositions survive to this day.
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Three of the four pre-16th-century authentic harps that survive today are of Gaelic provenance: the
435:
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Cathcart, Cynthia (Summer 2009). "Silver report: Precious metal strings on the wire-strung harp".
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1381:"'Europe's oldest stringed instrument' discovered on Scots island | Highlands & Islands"
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The Story of the Irish Harp its History and Influences Norah Joan Clark (2003) North Creek Press
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One of the largest and most complete collections of 17thâ18th century harp music is the work of
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Budgey, Andrea (2002). "Musical relations between Scotland and Ireland" McDonald, R. Andrew,
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Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Fall 1991). "ClĂĄirseach: The Lore of the Irish Harp".
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Giraldi Cambrensis opera: Giraldi Cambrensis Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica
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Early images of the clĂ rsach are not common in Scottish iconography, but a gravestone at
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John T. Koch Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 2006. Published ABC-CLIO, pp1276.
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signs of divergence in the sixteenth century in language, music and social structure.
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1671:. Strathclyde University : STAMS Pictish Stones Search Facility. Archived from
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A notched piece of wood which some have interpreted to be part of the bridge of an
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2316:â descriptions of several types of historical European harps (with sound samples)
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Historic wire-strung harps and harpers listed and described on wirestrungharp.com
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19:"Lap harp" redirects here. For other instruments referred to as a Lap harp, see
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The Clarsach Society/Comunn na Clarsaich, resource centre for the Scottish harp
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Celtic Music History and Criticism Kenneth Mathieson 2001 Backbeat books p192
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1133:. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966; reprinted by Lang Syne Publishers Ltd.,
758:; on a high-headed harp this tenon fitted into a mortice on the back of the
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with a triangular framed harp including a "T-Section" in the pillar. The
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1805 Irish penny depicting an Irish harp, long used as a national symbol.
101:
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2351:â Information on installing harp strings, harp string installation guide
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1755:"The Peculiar Case of Gerald of Wales Liking and Disliking Irish Music"
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399:, a board) was coined for the triangular frame harp which replaced the
128:
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2328:â learning to play the Celtic harp, tips and techniques, buying a harp
1176:
Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Summer 2003). "Strings of Gold".
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There is now, however, renewed interest in the wire-strung harp, or
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Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland
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4775:
4753:
4724:
4682:
4453:
4109:
3657:
3644:
3564:
3174:
2700:
2348:
2325:
2103:
2101:
828:
823:, and harpers enjoyed a high social status which was codified in
479:
2457:
2286:
1805:
Gerald of Wales, "Topographia Hibernica", 94; tr. John O'Meary,
1633:
614:
7042:
7035:
6880:
6813:
6672:
5529:
4498:
4420:
3915:
2741:
2418:
1834:
Cavan: History and Society (Edited by J. Cherry & B. Scott)
1510:
633:
The names of the components of the clĂĄirseach were as follows:
575:
2604:
2098:
1407:"Skye cave find western Europe's 'earliest string instrument'"
7092:
6662:
4770:
4694:
3407:
3346:
3291:
3271:
3256:
2912:
2814:
2438:
2359:
2331:
1652:
934:
529:
501:
372:
2264:
1658:
Snyder's Medieval Art, 2nd ed, p32. Luttikhuizen and Verkerk
2394:
528:
reliquary shrine dates from c.1100, and clearly shows King
412:
291:
243:
150:
145:
111:
6780:
3425:
2936:
2345:â using microphones and guitar amplifiers with folk harps
1254:
Ireland's Harp: The Shaping of Irish Identity c.1770â1880
1122:
Chadwick, Simon (November 2008). "The Early Irish Harp".
1067:
Bannerman, John (1991). "The ClĂ rsach and the ClĂ rsair".
610:) preserved in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
6209:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
1967:
Scottish Studies Vol. 30. The ClĂ rsach and the ClĂ rsair
754:
was morticed at the bass end to receive a tenon on the
1830:"The Breac MaodhĂłg: A unique medieval Irish reliquary"
1021:
The new harp was small and curved like the historical
622:(1734), a later example of a more characteristically "
1218:
The Breton Harp Anthology (Antologiezh Telenn Breizh)
1039:
388:
376:
261:
73:
5939:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2308:
Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.
1605:
1603:
1582:
Alasdair Ross, "Pictish Chordophone Depictions", in
363:
early history of the triangular frame harp in Europe
1366:John Bannerman, 'The ClĂ rsach and the ClĂ sair' in
6302:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
1600:
473:However, Gerald, who had a strong dislike of the
7386:
2322:â information on Celtic and other types of harps
1159:. London, UK: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.
405:, and that this coining was of Scottish origin.
7148:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
1256:. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin Press,
965:, is first mentioned in the 1226 obituary of a
588:
1860:"Early Gaelic Harp Info: old harps in museums"
1725:"Irish Music Before the Anglo-Norman Invasion"
1550:, Clarsach, p. 171. Harper Collins publishers.
1498:, Vol. 53, No. 828 (February 1912), pp. 89â92.
810:
463:Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica
415:dating to around 300 BC was discovered on the
5782:
4994:
3580:
3130:
2620:
2375:
2304:Web articles on Gaelic harp harmony and modes
1569:
1567:
1565:
1299:Sanger, Keith & Kinnaird, Alison (1992).
1271:, pp. 125â127. Indiana University Press.
1126:, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 521â532.
1531:
1494:The Origins of the Clairsach or Irish Harp.
1277:(1964). "The Morphology of the Irish Harp".
819:The harp was the aristocratic instrument of
271:
85:
5911:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
4230:
2005:. Early Gaelic Harp Info. 21 October 2002.
1695:"How the harp became the symbol of Ireland"
1180:, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 9â15.
1022:
566:, both in the National Museum of Scotland,
400:
394:
382:
366:
334:11th century depiction of a harpist on the
281:
251:
79:
67:
7334:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
5789:
5775:
5001:
4987:
3587:
3573:
3137:
3123:
2627:
2613:
2382:
2368:
1562:
1484:, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Apr. 1996), pp. 290â320.
1076:Literature and Music in Scotland: 700â1560
827:. The patronage of harpers was adopted by
2115:
2113:
1964:
7153:Association football in Northern Ireland
2356:Early Gaelic Harp site by Simon Chadwick
1949:
1004:
793:
613:
601:
352:
340:
329:
6349:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
4221:
4125:List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours
3144:
1435:
7387:
2221:– via Pdxclarsach.wordpress.com.
2110:
2060:from the original on 26 September 2021
1924:
1827:
1765:from the original on 21 September 2021
1735:from the original on 21 September 2021
1705:from the original on 21 September 2021
1621:from the original on 21 September 2021
1286:The Irish Harp: ClĂĄirseach na hĂireann
375:. It has been suggested that the word
306:products, and the coat of arms of the
6618:
6408:
6229:
5835:
5770:
5008:
4982:
3568:
3118:
2608:
2363:
2287:Edinburgh International Harp Festival
2237:Edinburgh International Harp Festival
2170:– via www.earlygaelicharp.info.
2162:from the original on 25 November 2019
1929:. Birlinn Limited. pp. 256â257.
1870:from the original on 11 November 2021
1840:from the original on 11 November 2021
1807:The History and Topography of Ireland
1417:from the original on 27 November 2019
1383:. News. 28 March 2012. Archived from
1048:Edinburgh International Harp Festival
843:, historian Donal O'Sullivan writes:
750:(soundbox). On a low-headed harp the
496:. Scotland uses three, the harp, the
2292:List of surviving early Gaelic harps
2243:from the original on 3 February 2022
2132:from the original on 31 October 2014
2027:
1988:Dwelly 1901â11, 1977, p. 206:
1362:
1360:
785:
457:The Norman-Welsh cleric and scholar
290:. In Ireland and Scotland, it was a
250:of northwest Europe. It is known as
3951:Other troubadours and trobairitz...
1178:The Historical Harp Society Journal
987:), and Murdoch MacDonald (who died
919:Is 'ga leigeadh an gnĂŹomh ĂČircheard
176:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
13:
6378:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
6153:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
5951:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
5796:
3594:
2334:â Celtic & Folk Harps in Wales
2265:Historical Harp Society of Ireland
2119:
2009:from the original on 19 April 2013
1546:J. Keay & Julia Keay. (2000):
1196:British Journal of Ethnomusicology
947:Mar ri farrum nan dĂŹsnean air clĂ r
14:
7431:
6163:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
2258:
1954:(4th ed.). pp. 521â532.
1828:Murray, Griffin (December 2014).
1548:Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland
1357:
961:, used for encoding and teaching
952:Rinn mi Ăšisdeachd aâd' bhaile...
50:Library of Trinity College Dublin
7368:
6332:Tallest buildings and structures
5750:
5741:
5740:
5276:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
4961:
4952:
4951:
2343:Celtic Harp Amplification Series
2028:Wall, Maureen (September 1959).
1584:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies
1327:FĂ©ile na gCruitirĂ, BĂ©al Feirste
1314:Watson, J. Carmichael, (1934).
1301:Tree of Strings â Crann nan Teud
1110:available via wirestrungharp.com
1062:The Irish and The Highland Harps
1060:Armstrong, Robert Bruce (1904).
1018:, a pedal harp maker in Dublin.
1009:A modern 'Celtic harp' in Canada
606:The medieval 'Queen Mary harp' (
325:
34:
3362:Duple / Quadruple-time
2634:
2225:
2213:from the original on 6 May 2012
2195:
2183:
2174:
2144:
2107:Newton & Cheape, pp. 77â78.
2085:
2072:
2021:
1995:
1982:
1973:
1958:
1943:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1852:
1821:
1812:
1799:
1790:
1777:
1747:
1717:
1687:
1661:
1642:
1576:
1553:
1540:
1522:
1482:The Anglo Saxon Harp, 'Spectrum
1252:O'Donnell, Mary Louise (2014).
1241:. Dublin, IE: Wolfhound Press,
1078:. University of Toronto Press,
1053:
802:photograph of the Irish harper
121:HornbostelâSachs classification
6168:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
3001:which exist in various meters.
2389:
1906:See Sanger & Kinnaird 1992
1783:Dimock 1867 (ed.), pp. 154â5:
1501:
1488:
1476:
1429:
1399:
1373:
1348:
1288:, 3rd ed. The Mercier Press,
1164:A History of Music in Scotland
1:
6230:
5019:List of Renaissance composers
3946:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
2152:"History (19th century)"
1443:The Oxford Companion to Music
1342:
1205:. Dublin: Four Courts Press,
1162:Farmer, Henry George (1947).
988:
981:
974:
860:
853:
597:
7395:Culture of medieval Scotland
7233:Northern Ireland flags issue
6409:
6184:List of conflicts in Ireland
5928:Southern Ireland (1921â1922)
1316:Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod
1182:available via annheymann.com
1131:The Bagpipe, Fiddle and Harp
589:Characteristics and function
430:from 700 AD stipulates that
347:Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth
7:
7415:National symbols of Ireland
7410:Medieval history of Ireland
6619:
6204:Gaelic clothing and fashion
5836:
3617:List of musical instruments
1699:The Irish Emigration Museum
1173:, vol. 26, no. 3.
1129:Collinson, Francis (1983).
1108:, no. 143, pp. 34â43.
1064:. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
811:Social function and decline
10:
7436:
5649:Petrus Phalesius the Elder
5464:English Virginalist School
1440:. In Alison Latham (ed.).
1279:The Galpin Society Journal
1237:Ă BrĂłgĂĄin, SĂ©amas (1998).
1225:available via academia.edu
1216:Le Govic, Tristan (2015).
1166:, p. 280. London, UK.
1071:, vol. 30 no. 3.
1027:or Irish harp, but it was
1000:
980:), Lachlan Dall (who died
883:Susbaint gach cĂšill nĂ duir
18:
7405:Irish musical instruments
7364:
7263:
7201:
7138:
7078:
6991:
6939:
6894:
6861:
6806:
6771:
6721:
6640:
6631:
6627:
6614:
6549:
6452:
6421:
6417:
6404:
6314:
6242:
6238:
6225:
6176:
5964:
5848:
5844:
5831:
5807:
5720:
5672:
5599:
5538:
5492:
5439:
5431:Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
5314:
5201:
5113:
5025:
5016:
4933:
4885:
4854:
4791:
4660:
4589:
4530:
4479:Matheus de Sancto Johanne
4474:Johannes Symonis Hasprois
4409:
4405:
4331:
4285:
4250:
4217:
4148:
4144:
4135:
4120:Galician-Portuguese lyric
4065:Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
3980:Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
3965:
3814:
3756:
3752:
3743:
3625:
3602:
3531:
3515:
3477:
3457:
3439:
3416:
3398:
3360:
3337:
3320:
3229:
3193:
3152:
3091:
3078:Fleadh Cheoil na hĂireann
3070:
3044:
3008:
2790:
2709:
2696:Traditional Irish singing
2683:
2642:
2556:
2520:
2482:
2475:
2447:
2408:
2401:
2128:. Last Scottish harpers.
2046:10.1017/S0021121400007847
1320:available via archive.org
1097:Caldwell, D.H., (1982).
608:ClĂ rsach na BanrĂŹgh MĂ iri
461:(c.1146 â c.1223), whose
226:
218:
213:
203:
193:
183:
172:
167:
142:
135:
119:
93:
63:
56:
33:
16:Celtic musical instrument
4509:Antonio Zacara da Teramo
3548:Donegal fiddle tradition
1965:Bannerman, John (1991).
1950:Chadwick, Simon (2008).
1925:Newton, Micheal (2009).
1864:www.earlygaelicharp.info
1586:, 36, 1998, esp. p. 41;
1436:Montagu, Jeremy (2002).
1203:Irish Harping, 1900â2010
208:Europe and North America
46:ClĂĄirseach Brian BĂłramha
7325:Prostitution (Republic)
5459:English Madrigal School
4035:Gillebert de Berneville
3612:List of music theorists
3544:Irish traditional music
3104:RTĂ Radio 1 Folk Awards
2655:Irish traditional music
2275:13 October 2016 at the
1818:Rimmer 1969, pp. 35â37.
1729:William H Grattan Flood
1448:Oxford University Press
1325:Yeats, GrĂĄinne (1980).
1267:Rensch, Roslyn (1989).
1033:Gaelic cultural revival
914:A' cur sĂ raidh air fĂŹon
637:Celtic harp components
556:Trinity College, Dublin
6194:List of Irish kingdoms
5301:TomĂĄs Luis de Victoria
5105:Oswald von Wolkenstein
4308:Gherardello da Firenze
3995:Le Chastelain de Couci
3788:Philippe le Chancelier
3277:Great Highland bagpipe
2937:Single and double jigs
1201:Lawlor, Helen (2012).
1187:19 August 2007 at the
1040:
1023:
1010:
942:Is iomadh sgal pĂŹobadh
927:great Highland bagpipe
899:Am bi gĂ irich nam pĂŹob
850:
839:. In his biography of
807:
630:
611:
514:
471:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
367:
358:
350:
338:
282:
272:
262:
252:
242:is a triangular frame
107:Composite chordophones
86:
80:
74:
68:
7301:Mass media (Republic)
7245:National coat of arms
6133:IRA Northern Campaign
5321:Transition to Baroque
5266:Pierre de Manchicourt
4617:Johannes de Garlandia
3931:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
3083:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
2180:Rimmer (1969), p. 67.
2120:Sanger, Keith (ed.).
1594:, (Cork, 1969) p. 17.
1318:. Blackie & Son.
1239:The Irish Harp Emblem
1230:25 April 2022 at the
1008:
909:Le deĂ rrsadh nam pĂŹos
904:Is nan clĂ rsach a rĂŹs
845:
797:
617:
605:
578:in western Scotland.
489:
467:
356:
344:
333:
7223:County coats of arms
7115:List of Irish people
6189:List of Irish tribes
6039:Cromwellian conquest
6025:Plantation of Ulster
5956:Ireland (since 1922)
5351:Girolamo Frescobaldi
5158:CristĂłbal de Morales
4938:Also music theorist*
4622:Johannes de Grocheio
4439:Conradus de Pistoria
4426:Philippus de Caserta
4375:Philippus de Caserta
4344:Antonello da Caserta
4293:Andreas de Florentia
4184:Guillaume de Machaut
3845:Bernart de Ventadorn
3830:Aimeric de Peguilhan
3773:Albertus Parisiensis
3723:Adam of Saint Victor
3683:Saint Martial school
3640:Notker the Stammerer
3554:Cape Breton fiddling
3352:Highland Schottische
3170:Gaelic psalm singing
3052:Cape Breton fiddling
2320:The Celtic Harp Page
2080:46 â CrĂČnan an Taibh
1952:The Early Irish Harp
1927:Warriors of the Word
1796:Budgey 2002, p. 209.
1761:. 14 December 2020.
1759:thegreatcoursesdaily
1615:earlygaelicharp.info
1284:Rimmer, Joan (1984)
1115:3 March 2011 at the
837:English class system
804:PĂĄdraig Dall Ă Beirn
48:) on display in the
7338:in Northern Ireland
7329:in Northern Ireland
7070:Legendary creatures
6983:Traditional singing
6819:Saint Patrick's Day
6454:Republic of Ireland
6383:Tourist attractions
6368:ROI–UK border
6353:of Northern Ireland
6306:in Northern Ireland
6138:IRA Border Campaign
6113:War of Independence
6083:Second Great Famine
6068:Act of Union (1800)
6020:Flight of the Earls
5877:Lordship of Ireland
5812:Republic of Ireland
5469:Florentine Camerata
5441:Composition schools
5100:Gaspar van Weerbeke
4549:Contenance angloise
4339:Bartolino da Padova
4238:Marchetto da Padova
4169:Magister Franciscus
4045:Guillaume le Vinier
4040:Gontier de Soignies
3985:Audefroi le Bastart
3871:Folquet de Marselha
3728:Wulfstan the Cantor
3718:Hildegard of Bingen
3688:Adémar de Chabannes
3673:Fulbert of Chartres
3635:Abbey of Saint Gall
3627:Early (before 1150)
3297:Scottish smallpipes
3146:Scottish folk music
3062:Scottish folk music
1979:Rimmer 1969, p. 54.
1888:Rimmer 1969, p. 35.
1675:on 26 December 2007
1611:"Early Gaelic Harp"
1368:Scottish Studies 30
703:tree or forepillar
638:
308:Republic of Ireland
246:traditional to the
222:2019 (14th session)
214:Inscription history
137:Related instruments
30:
7375:Ireland portal
6693:Skirts and kidneys
6199:List of High Kings
6118:Anglo-Irish Treaty
6058:First Great Famine
6043:Settlement of 1652
6015:Tyrone's Rebellion
6005:Desmond Rebellions
5894:Kingdom of Ireland
5664:Thomas Vautrollier
5644:Ottaviano Petrucci
5619:Pierre Attaingnant
5609:Hieronymus Andreae
5416:Michael Praetorius
5401:Claudio Monteverdi
5391:Giovanni de Macque
5386:Luzzasco Luzzaschi
5356:Alfonso Fontanelli
5246:Francisco Guerrero
5221:Antonio de CabezĂłn
5133:Thomas Crecquillon
5115:Middle (1470â1530)
5095:Johannes Tinctoris
5035:Alexander Agricola
4877:Neo-Medieval music
4867:Medieval folk rock
4647:Berno of Reichenau
4627:Iacobus de Ispania
4469:Petrus de Goscalch
4370:NiccolĂČ da Perugia
4365:Grazioso da Padova
4313:Lorenzo da Firenze
4273:Vincenzo da Rimini
4258:Giovanni da Cascia
4090:Other trouvĂšres...
4075:Perrin d'Angicourt
4025:Gautier de Dargies
4000:Chrétien de Troyes
3936:Raimon de Miravalh
3926:Raimbaut d'Aurenga
3546:(particularly the
3539:English folk music
3057:English folk music
2499:322.212 Chromatic
2483:322.21: w/o tuning
2122:"The final chords"
1915:See Caldwell 1982.
1269:Harps and Harpists
1011:
894:Gu Ă ros nach crĂŹon
877:Purpais gach sgĂšil
841:Turlough O'Carolan
808:
722:cruidhean nan teud
692:chest or soundbox
636:
631:
612:
583:Turlough O'Carolan
359:
351:
339:
28:
7420:Music of Scotland
7382:
7381:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7355:
6767:
6766:
6658:Bacon and cabbage
6610:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6477:Foreign relations
6400:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6327:Notable buildings
6221:
6220:
6217:
6216:
5764:
5763:
5361:Giovanni Gabrieli
5188:Philippe Verdelot
5085:Johannes Ockeghem
5027:Early (1400â1470)
5010:Renaissance music
4976:
4975:
4944:Renaissance music
4652:Aurelian of RĂ©ĂŽme
4637:Johannes de Muris
4607:Franco of Cologne
4585:
4584:
4567:Arnold de Lantins
4526:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4449:Johannes Cuvelier
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4360:Giovanni Mazzuoli
4355:Matteo da Perugia
4327:
4326:
4303:Francesco Landini
4281:
4280:
4263:Jacopo da Bologna
4246:
4245:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4200:Philippe de Vitry
4179:Jehan de Lescurel
4100:
4099:
4085:Raoul de Soissons
4030:Gautier d'Espinal
4020:Gautier de Coincy
3961:
3960:
3881:Giraut de Bornelh
3860:CerverĂ de Girona
3840:Arnaut de Mareuil
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3768:Notre-Dame school
3678:Heriger of Lobbes
3607:List of composers
3562:
3561:
3473:
3472:
3112:
3111:
2961:Hop and slip jigs
2752:Hammered dulcimer
2602:
2601:
2552:
2551:
2521:322.22: w/ tuning
2489:322.211 Diatonic
2471:
2470:
2326:My Harp's Delight
2207:Portland Clarsach
2156:Early Gaelic Harp
1936:978-1-84158-826-1
1461:978-0-19-866212-9
1413:. 28 March 2012.
1329:1972. Gael Linn,
1262:978-1-90635-986-7
1211:978-1-84682-367-1
1106:Folk Harp Journal
1101:. Edinburgh: NMS.
871:Tuigsear nan teud
786:Playing technique
740:
739:
236:
235:
163:
162:
58:String instrument
42:Brian Boru's harp
7427:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7050:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
6638:
6637:
6629:
6628:
6616:
6615:
6551:Northern Ireland
6529:
6519:
6509:
6419:
6418:
6406:
6405:
6240:
6239:
6227:
6226:
6103:Home Rule crisis
5933:Northern Ireland
5846:
5845:
5833:
5832:
5820:Northern Ireland
5791:
5784:
5777:
5768:
5767:
5754:
5744:
5743:
5624:Vittorio Baldini
5601:Music publishing
5376:Hans Leo Hassler
5331:Gregorio Allegri
5286:Cipriano de Rore
5261:Vicente Lusitano
5256:Orlando di Lasso
5211:Jacques Arcadelt
5178:Pierre de la Rue
5173:Josquin des Prez
5153:Clément Janequin
5148:Antoine de FĂ©vin
5138:Antonius Divitis
5080:Johannes Martini
5055:Guillaume Du Fay
5003:
4996:
4989:
4980:
4979:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4761:Liturgical drama
4528:
4527:
4435:
4432:Johannes Ciconia
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4385:Zacara da Teramo
4349:Johannes Ciconia
4329:
4328:
4319:Paolo da Firenze
4298:Donato da Cascia
4283:
4282:
4248:
4247:
4228:
4227:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4203:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4137:Late (1300â1400)
4080:Philippe de RĂ©mi
4010:Conon de BĂ©thune
3990:Blondel de Nesle
3975:Adam de la Halle
3963:
3962:
3901:Peire d'Alvernha
3812:
3811:
3799:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:High (1150â1300)
3734:Wipo of Burgundy
3699:
3669:
3661:
3652:Stephen of LiĂšge
3589:
3582:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3099:Gradam Ceoil TG4
3036:Pentatonic scale
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2691:Sean-nĂłs singing
2665:Music of Ireland
2629:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2480:
2479:
2406:
2405:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2349:Markwood Strings
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2199:
2193:
2192:Collinson (1983)
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2117:
2108:
2105:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2034:Donal O'Sullivan
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1969:. pp. 1â17.
1962:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1607:
1598:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1377:
1371:
1370:, 1991, pp. 3â4.
1364:
1355:
1352:
1303:. Kinmor Music,
1153:Dimock, James F.
1069:Scottish Studies
1045:
1026:
993:
990:
986:
985: 1721â1727
983:
979:
976:
865:
862:
858:
855:
639:
635:
512:
454:from c. 800 AD.
404:
398:
392:
386:
380:
370:
298:. It appears on
285:
275:
265:
255:
165:
164:
127:(manually tuned
89:
83:
77:
71:
38:
31:
27:
7435:
7434:
7430:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7378:
7369:
7367:
7352:
7320:outside Ireland
7291:Historic houses
7259:
7240:Irish Wolfhound
7211:Brighid's Cross
7197:
7168:Gaelic handball
7163:Gaelic football
7134:
7105:Hiberno-Normans
7074:
6987:
6935:
6890:
6871:Hiberno-English
6857:
6802:
6763:
6717:
6623:
6602:
6545:
6527:
6517:
6507:
6448:
6439:Ulster loyalism
6413:
6392:
6310:
6234:
6213:
6172:
6098:Dublin lock-out
6034:Confederate War
5985:Norman invasion
5972:Battles of Tara
5960:
5916:1801–1923
5904:1691–1800
5899:1536–1691
5887:1169–1536
5840:
5827:
5803:
5795:
5765:
5760:
5737:
5729:
5716:
5668:
5654:Girolamo Scotto
5639:Antonio Gardano
5595:
5534:
5488:
5435:
5426:Heinrich SchĂŒtz
5421:Philippe Rogier
5371:Orlando Gibbons
5323:
5319:
5310:
5306:Giaches de Wert
5296:Christopher Tye
5251:Claude Le Jeune
5241:Claude Goudimel
5236:Nicolas Gombert
5231:Andrea Gabrieli
5226:Jacobus Clemens
5197:
5193:Adrian Willaert
5123:Martin Agricola
5109:
5045:Antoine Busnois
5040:Gilles Binchois
5021:
5012:
5007:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4948:
4929:
4881:
4850:
4787:
4737:Gregorian chant
4656:
4642:Walter Odington
4602:Guido of Arezzo
4581:
4538:Johannes Alanus
4518:
4494:Jacob Senleches
4430:
4389:
4323:
4277:
4242:
4205:
4198:
4131:
4096:
3957:
3886:Guiraut Riquier
3865:Comtessa de Dia
3850:Bertran de Born
3818:
3802:
3796:Petrus de Cruce
3794:
3739:
3703:Notker Physicus
3694:
3664:
3656:
3621:
3598:
3593:
3563:
3558:
3527:
3516:Characteristics
3511:
3469:
3453:
3441:Triple compound
3435:
3412:
3394:
3356:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3262:ClĂ rsach (Harp)
3242:Acoustic guitar
3225:
3189:
3148:
3143:
3113:
3108:
3087:
3066:
3040:
3031:Mixolydian mode
3004:
2991:Non-dance tunes
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2705:
2679:
2638:
2633:
2603:
2598:
2548:
2516:
2467:
2443:
2397:
2388:
2314:Asni: harp lore
2277:Wayback Machine
2261:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2091:Watson (1934):
2090:
2086:
2078:Watson (1934),
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2040:(44): 341â343.
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1963:
1959:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:(London, 1982).
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1462:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1387:on 14 July 2012
1379:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1358:
1354:Le Govic, pp. 1
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1232:Wayback Machine
1189:Wayback Machine
1117:Wayback Machine
1056:
1029:strung with gut
1003:
991:
984:
977:
863:
856:
813:
788:
773:CrĂșite na dtĂ©ad
719:crĂșite na dtĂ©ad
645:Scottish Gaelic
600:
591:
552:Brian Boru Harp
542:Scottish Gaelic
526:MĂĄedĂłc of Ferns
513:
510:Gerald of Wales
508:
459:Gerald of Wales
444:Utrecht Psalter
428:Early Irish law
345:Harpist on the
328:
268:Scottish Gaelic
179:
126:
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7433:
7423:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7380:
7379:
7365:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7331:
7322:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7286:Heritage Sites
7283:
7278:
7273:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7225:
7220:
7213:
7207:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7110:Irish diaspora
7107:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7098:Gaelic Ireland
7090:
7084:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6997:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6958:
6951:
6945:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6867:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6841:
6839:Rose of Tralee
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6810:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6783:
6777:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6648:List of dishes
6644:
6642:
6635:
6625:
6624:
6612:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6564:D'Hondt method
6555:
6553:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6525:Seanad Ăireann
6521:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6415:
6414:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6318:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6265:Extreme points
6262:
6257:
6255:Climate change
6252:
6246:
6244:
6236:
6235:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6073:1803 Rebellion
6070:
6065:
6063:1798 Rebellion
6060:
6055:
6050:
6048:Williamite War
6045:
6036:
6030:1641 Rebellion
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6010:Spanish Armada
6007:
6002:
6000:Tudor conquest
5997:
5992:
5990:Bruce campaign
5987:
5982:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5936:
5935:(1921âpresent)
5930:
5925:
5923:Irish Republic
5920:
5919:
5918:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5882:800–1169
5873:Gaelic Ireland
5870:
5865:
5860:
5854:
5852:
5842:
5841:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5817:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5794:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5771:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5748:
5730:
5726:Medieval music
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5659:Tielman Susato
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5634:Valerio Dorico
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5474:Franco-Flemish
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5366:Carlo Gesualdo
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5336:Thomas Campion
5333:
5327:
5325:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5281:Costanzo Porta
5278:
5273:
5271:Hans Neusidler
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Costanzo Festa
5140:
5135:
5130:
5128:Antoine Brumel
5125:
5119:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5070:Heinrich Isaac
5067:
5062:
5060:John Dunstaple
5057:
5052:
5050:Loyset CompĂšre
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5006:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4983:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4959:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4872:Medieval metal
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4742:Pope Gregory I
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4612:Johannes Cotto
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4543:John Dunstaple
4540:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4504:Johannes Susay
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Gacian Reyneau
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4464:Martinus Fabri
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4428:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4332:3rd generation
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4286:2nd generation
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4251:1st generation
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4225:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4194:Jehan Vaillant
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4164:Denis Le Grant
4161:
4156:
4154:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4070:Moniot d'Arras
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4050:Guiot de Dijon
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:Peire Cardenal
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Gaucelm Faidit
3873:
3868:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3764:
3762:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3596:Medieval music
3592:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3418:Duple compound
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Highland Fling
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2782:Uilleann pipes
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2670:Sean-nĂłs dance
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2527:322.221 Lever
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2267:
2260:
2259:External links
2257:
2255:
2254:
2224:
2194:
2182:
2173:
2143:
2126:WireStrungHarp
2109:
2097:
2093:62 â An CrĂČnan
2084:
2071:
2020:
1994:
1981:
1972:
1957:
1942:
1935:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1851:
1820:
1811:
1798:
1789:
1776:
1746:
1716:
1686:
1660:
1651:
1641:
1632:
1599:
1592:The Irish Harp
1575:
1561:
1552:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1509:
1500:
1487:
1475:
1460:
1428:
1398:
1372:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1323:
1312:
1297:
1282:
1281:, no. 17.
1272:
1265:
1250:
1235:
1221:
1214:
1199:
1198:, vol. 8.
1192:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1150:
1147:978-0946264483
1127:
1120:
1102:
1095:
1092:978-0802036018
1072:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1002:
999:
955:
954:
949:
944:
923:
922:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
887:
886:
880:
874:
821:Gaelic Ireland
812:
809:
787:
784:
738:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
709:
705:
704:
701:
698:
694:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
661:
660:
657:
654:
650:
649:
646:
643:
599:
596:
590:
587:
506:
421:Pictish stones
349:, 14th century
327:
324:
320:United Kingdom
248:Celtic nations
234:
233:
232:Representative
230:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
173:
170:
169:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
148:
140:
139:
133:
132:
123:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
104:
97:
95:Classification
91:
90:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7432:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7377:
7376:
7363:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7343:Public houses
7341:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7262:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7200:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7137:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6617:
6613:
6599:
6598:Peace process
6596:
6594:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6548:
6542:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6528:(upper house)
6526:
6522:
6520:
6518:(lower house)
6516:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6434:Republicanism
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6148:Peace process
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6128:The Emergency
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Easter Rising
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Fenian Rising
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:Early history
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5792:
5787:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5733:Baroque music
5728:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Andrea Antico
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:Musical forms
5491:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Thomas Morley
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:Luca Marenzio
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5291:Thomas Tallis
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:John Taverner
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:Jacob Obrecht
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:British Isles
4797:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:Musical forms
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4577:W. de Wycombe
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Baude Cordier
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4412:Ars subtilior
4408:
4404:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:Maestro Piero
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:P. des Molins
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:Arnaut Daniel
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Peter Abelard
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3696:Odo of Arezzo
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:Related music
3530:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3185:Waulking song
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2844:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Bohemian harp
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:"Ann Heymann"
2198:
2191:
2186:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2008:
2004:
2003:"Irish Terms"
1998:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1497:
1496:Musical Times
1491:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1347:
1336:
1335:0-86233-025-4
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1309:0-95112-044-1
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1294:0-85342-151-X
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:0-86327-635-0
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1007:
998:
995:
970:
968:
964:
960:
959:canntaireachd
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
936:
932:
928:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
867:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
805:
801:
796:
792:
783:
781:
776:
774:
770:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
735:
732:
729:
728:
725:string shoes
724:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
663:
662:
658:
655:
652:
651:
647:
644:
641:
640:
634:
629:
625:
621:
620:Bunworth Harp
616:
609:
604:
595:
586:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
505:
503:
499:
495:
488:
486:
482:
481:
476:
470:
466:
464:
460:
455:
453:
452:Dupplin Cross
449:
445:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
411:
406:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
374:
369:
364:
355:
348:
343:
337:
336:Breac MaodhĂłg
332:
326:Early history
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
245:
241:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
209:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
178:
177:
171:
168:Irish harping
166:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
141:
138:
134:
130:
124:
122:
118:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
98:
96:
92:
88:
82:
76:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
26:
22:
7366:
7336: /
7327: /
7318: /
7296:Homelessness
7216:
7215:
7183:Road bowling
7178:Martial arts
7125:Ulster Scots
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7006:Mythological
6953:
6913:
6886:Ulster Scots
6846: /
6785:
6713:Three-in-One
6524:
6515:DĂĄil Ăireann
6514:
6504:
6462:Constitution
6351: /
6322:Architecture
6304: /
6177:Other topics
6158:Celtic Tiger
6143:The Troubles
6041: /
6032: /
5978: /
5974: /
5875: /
5863:Protohistory
5731:
5724:
5695:Architecture
5629:Jacob Bathen
5346:John Dowland
5216:William Byrd
5090:Leonel Power
4942:
4908:Architecture
4780:
4732:Geisslerlied
4710:Formes fixes
4632:Notker Labeo
4597:Anonymous IV
4572:Leonel Power
4557:Thomas Fabri
4547:
4410:
4231:Predecessors
4149:
4055:Jehan Bretel
3891:Jaufre Rudel
3757:
3666:Odo of Cluny
3322:Common forms
3261:
3252:Border pipes
3180:Puirt Ă beul
3160:Bothy ballad
3092:Music Awards
3071:Competitions
3016:Aeolian mode
2973:
2949:
2925:
2896:
2842:
2827:
2803:
2756:
2579:Multi-course
2535:
2510:Cross-strung
2476:322.2: Frame
2450:Angular harp
2302:Gaelic Modes
2245:. Retrieved
2236:
2233:"About EIHF"
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2125:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2064:24 September
2062:. Retrieved
2037:
2033:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
1997:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1769:21 September
1767:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1739:21 September
1737:. Retrieved
1728:
1719:
1709:21 September
1707:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1663:
1654:
1644:
1635:
1625:21 September
1623:. Retrieved
1614:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1441:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1410:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:the original
1375:
1367:
1350:
1326:
1315:
1300:
1285:
1278:
1275:Rimmer, Joan
1268:
1253:
1238:
1217:
1202:
1195:
1177:
1171:Ăire-Ireland
1170:
1163:
1156:
1130:
1123:
1105:
1098:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:Bibliography
1037:
1020:
1012:
996:
971:
966:
962:
958:
956:
951:
946:
941:
930:
924:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:
876:
870:
851:
846:
818:
814:
789:
780:fhorshnaidhm
779:
777:
772:
771:
766:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
741:
730:fhorshnaidhm
632:
607:
592:
580:
564:Lamont Harps
549:
544:
537:
515:
490:
484:
478:
475:Gaelic Irish
472:
468:
462:
456:
440:
425:
417:Isle of Skye
407:
360:
296:ruling class
240:Celtic harp
239:
237:
174:
102:Chordophones
45:
25:
7400:Frame harps
7316:Place names
7193:Rugby union
7088:Anglo-Irish
6973:Instruments
6829:The Twelfth
6793:Set dancing
6593:LGBT rights
6499:LGBT rights
6429:Nationalism
5995:Black Death
5685:Renaissance
5680:Early music
5576:Netherlands
5556:Elizabethan
5411:Jacopo Peri
5381:Alonso Lobo
5341:John Cooper
5203:Late (1530)
5163:Jean Mouton
5075:Jean Japart
5065:Walter Frye
4898:Middle Ages
4893:Early music
4855:Derivations
4688:Chansonnier
4060:Jehan Erart
4005:Colin Muset
3911:Peire Vidal
3759:Ars antiqua
3523:Scotch snap
3400:Triple-time
3312:Tin whistle
3282:Low whistle
3230:Instruments
3194:Folk dances
3026:Ionian mode
3021:Dorian mode
2884:Schottische
2777:Tin whistle
2772:Tenor banjo
2710:Instruments
2660:Irish dance
2636:Irish music
2536:Celtic harp
2411:Arched Harp
2402:322.1: Open
2332:Teifi Harps
2166:16 November
1844:13 February
1588:Joan Rimmer
1450:. pp.
1155:, (1867).
1124:Early Music
992: 1740
978: 1714
864: 1705
857: 1615
806:(1794-1863)
700:lĂ mh-chrann
628:County Cork
545:lĂ mh-chrann
522:Argyllshire
219:Inscription
64:Other names
29:Celtic harp
7389:Categories
7217:ClĂĄirseach
7120:Travellers
6978:Rock music
6961:Folk music
6896:Literature
6698:Soda bread
6581:Government
6508:parliament
6505:Oireachtas
6482:Government
6422:Ideologies
6053:Penal Laws
5944:since 1922
5858:Prehistory
5710:Philosophy
5705:Literature
5673:Background
5539:Traditions
5515:Magnificat
5505:Intermedio
5449:Burgundian
4923:Philosophy
4918:Literature
4886:Background
4792:Traditions
4159:F. Andrieu
4015:Gace Brulé
3855:Castelloza
3821:Trobairitz
3816:Troubadour
3708:St. Godric
3507:Pentatonic
3502:Mixolydian
3390:Strathspey
3370:Barn dance
3339:Duple-time
3307:Tenor drum
3165:Cornkister
2879:Strathspey
2854:Barn dance
2791:Tune types
2737:Concertina
2508:322.212.2
2502:322.212.1
2493:Paraguayan
2247:3 February
1874:15 January
1446:. London:
1421:24 January
1343:References
1139:0946264481
1084:0802036015
1024:clĂĄirseach
825:Brehon Law
760:lĂĄmhchrann
756:lĂĄmhchrann
697:lĂĄmhchrann
681:pin-board
624:Irish Harp
598:Components
560:Queen Mary
558:, and the
538:lamhchrann
500:, and the
448:Nigg Stone
384:clĂĄirseach
312:Montserrat
253:clĂĄirseach
129:frame harp
69:clĂĄirseach
7348:Squatting
7064:Fomorians
6993:Mythology
6863:Languages
6848:Halloween
6824:Bealtaine
6807:Festivals
6798:Stepdance
6703:Spice Bag
6688:Irish fry
6678:Colcannon
6653:Barmbrack
6576:Education
6534:President
6472:Education
6388:Transport
6363:Provinces
6285:Mountains
6260:Coastline
6232:Geography
6123:Civil War
6078:Tithe War
5525:Offertory
5454:Colorists
5316:Mannerism
4836:Lithuania
4700:Conductus
4590:Theorists
4562:Roy Henry
4489:Rodericus
4380:Sant Omer
4115:Minnesang
3302:Side drum
3247:Bass drum
3237:Accordion
3153:Folk song
3045:Relations
2717:Accordion
2684:Folk song
2675:Set dance
2217:9 October
2054:164169833
2013:9 October
1016:John Egan
937:setting:
925:Here the
848:families.
568:Edinburgh
194:Reference
156:harp lute
7306:Monastic
7271:Calendar
7255:Shamrock
7250:Red Hand
7188:Rounders
6853:Wren Day
6787:Sean-nĂłs
6739:Guinness
6683:Drisheen
6559:Assembly
6541:Taxation
6444:Unionism
6411:Politics
6344:Counties
6088:Land War
5980:Clontarf
5976:Glenmama
5850:Timeline
5746:Category
5723: â
5586:Portugal
5510:Madrigal
5484:Venetian
4957:Category
4862:Bardcore
4841:Portugal
4809:Scotland
4782:Planctus
4766:Madrigal
4705:Estampie
4668:Antiphon
4223:Trecento
4151:Ars nova
4110:Goliards
3967:TrouvĂšre
3941:Sordello
3921:Perdigon
3896:Marcabru
3449:Slip jig
3431:Two-step
3380:Hornpipe
3287:Melodeon
3211:Highland
2869:Hornpipe
2864:Highland
2767:Melodeon
2732:Bouzouki
2542:322.222
2448:322.12:
2409:322.11:
2273:Archived
2241:Archived
2211:Archived
2160:Archived
2130:Archived
2058:Archived
2007:Archived
1990:clĂ rsach
1868:Archived
1838:Archived
1763:Archived
1733:Archived
1703:Archived
1679:1 August
1619:Archived
1470:59376677
1415:Archived
1411:BBC News
1391:1 August
1228:Archived
1185:Archived
1113:Archived
1042:clĂ rsach
967:clĂ rsair
963:ceĂČl mĂČr
931:ceĂČl mĂČr
800:calotype
733:urshnaim
714:strings
648:English
572:hornbeam
507:â
498:tympanum
494:tympanum
485:tympanum
483:and the
410:Iron Age
378:clĂ rsach
318:and the
304:Guinness
263:clĂ rsach
75:clĂ rsach
21:Psaltery
7276:Castles
7203:Symbols
7173:Hurling
7158:Camogie
7057:Firbolg
7043:Immrama
7036:Echtrai
6966:session
6949:Ballads
6926:Theatre
6915:Gaeilge
6909:Fiction
6844:Samhain
6759:Whiskey
6633:Cuisine
6621:Culture
6571:Economy
6467:Economy
6275:Islands
6250:Climate
6243:Natural
5838:History
5798:Ireland
5736:â
5566:Germany
5546:British
4826:Germany
4804:England
4776:Organum
4754:Tydorel
4725:Virelai
4720:Rondeau
4715:Ballade
4683:Chanson
4459:Egidius
4454:Egardus
4174:Grimace
4105:Casella
3783:PĂ©rotin
3658:Hucbald
3645:Tuotilo
3487:Aeolian
3465:Marches
3216:Country
3201:CĂšilidh
3175:Lilting
2995:Marches
2908:Mazurka
2722:BodhrĂĄn
2701:Lilting
2650:CĂšilidh
2643:General
2564:African
2429:African
1322: .
1234: .
1220:Vol. II
1191: .
1119: .
1001:Revival
935:lairdly
833:British
736:toggle
626:" from
480:cythara
436:tiompĂĄn
302:coins,
188:Ireland
184:Country
125:322.221
7281:Cinema
7080:People
7029:Aos SĂ
7016:Ulster
7011:Fenian
7001:Cycles
6931:Triads
6921:Poetry
6904:Annals
6881:Shelta
6834:LĂșnasa
6814:Imbolc
6749:PoitĂn
6729:Coffee
6722:Drinks
6673:Coddle
6339:Cities
6290:Rivers
6280:Loughs
5965:Events
5823:topics
5815:topics
5801:topics
5756:Portal
5581:Poland
5561:France
5551:Cyprus
5530:Pavane
5324:c.1600
4967:Portal
4913:Poetry
4821:France
4816:Cyprus
4531:Others
4514:Trebor
4499:Solage
4421:Borlet
3916:Peirol
3819:&
3778:LĂ©onin
3497:Ionian
3492:Dorian
3458:Others
3267:Fiddle
3009:Scales
2981:dances
2957:dances
2933:dances
2904:dances
2850:dances
2811:dances
2762:Lambeg
2742:Fiddle
2594:Triple
2589:Europe
2584:Nordic
2504:Inline
2419:Adungu
2136:13 May
2052:
1933:
1468:
1458:
1438:"Harp"
1333:
1307:
1292:
1260:
1245:
1209:
1145:
1137:
1090:
1082:
829:Norman
711:teudan
667:cnagan
656:amhach
653:amhach
576:Argyll
518:Kiells
387:(from
316:Canada
278:Breton
273:telenn
204:Region
87:telenn
7311:Names
7264:Other
7228:Flags
7140:Sport
7093:Gaels
7021:Kings
6955:CĂ©ilĂ
6941:Music
6876:Irish
6773:Dance
6734:Cream
6668:Champ
6663:Boxty
6586:local
6487:local
6373:Towns
6358:Ports
6315:Human
6270:Fauna
5700:Dance
5591:Spain
5571:Italy
5500:Carol
5479:Roman
4846:Spain
4831:Italy
4771:Motet
4695:Chant
4678:Carol
4673:Canso
3479:Modes
3408:Waltz
3347:Polka
3327:metre
3292:Piano
3272:Flute
3257:Cello
3221:Sword
2985:Slide
2913:Waltz
2859:Fling
2815:Polka
2747:Flute
2727:Bones
2574:Kafir
2569:Greek
2557:Other
2544:Pedal
2463:Chang
2439:Saung
2424:Janzi
2395:Harps
2050:S2CID
798:1845
708:téada
670:pins
664:cnaga
659:neck
642:Irish
536:word
534:Irish
530:David
520:, in
502:crowd
432:bards
402:cruit
373:crwth
368:cruit
300:Irish
288:Welsh
283:telyn
258:Irish
198:01461
112:Harps
81:telyn
7130:Yola
6744:Mist
6708:Stew
6641:Food
6295:list
5520:Mass
5318:and
3385:Reel
3325:(by
3206:Dirk
2999:airs
2997:and
2874:Reel
2835:and
2757:Harp
2458:Ăeng
2249:2022
2219:2013
2168:2007
2138:2013
2066:2021
2015:2013
1931:ISBN
1876:2007
1846:2021
1771:2021
1741:2021
1711:2021
1681:2015
1649:1998
1627:2021
1597:1998
1466:OCLC
1456:ISBN
1423:2020
1393:2015
1331:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1080:ISBN
831:and
778:The
765:The
752:corr
744:corr
742:The
678:cĂČrr
675:corr
618:The
562:and
413:lyre
396:clĂĄr
390:clĂ r
361:The
292:wire
280:and
244:harp
238:The
228:List
151:lute
146:harp
6781:Jig
6754:Tea
6494:Law
5690:Art
4903:Art
4749:Lai
3426:Jig
2434:Pin
2391:322
2190:see
2042:doi
1452:564
994:).
767:com
748:com
689:com
686:com
554:in
540:or
286:in
276:in
266:in
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