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government. This led to the two prime ministers both representing separate dominions at the Paris Peace
Conference in 1919 and 1920 (Australian National University, 2017). While there was no constitutional changes during World War 1, the Imperial War Cabinet lead to a change of attitude that led to the granting of de jure independence for both countries in the Statute of Westminster in 1931 (Australian National University, 2017). This heightened sense of national identity that emerged in both Canada and Australia led to a third wave of Canadian immigrants into Australia. To show how paralleled Australia and Canada's World War 1 experiences were, these following statistics are given as a global rank and are according to NationMaster.com. In terms of allied mobilised personnel in World War 1 , Canada is 10th with 628,934 and Australia is 11th with 412,953. Furthermore, In terms of allied wounded in action in World War 1, Australia is 6th with 152,171 persons and Canada is 7th with 149,732 persons. Finally, in terms of deaths as a percentages of population, Australia is 11th with 1.38% of total population at the time and Canada is 12th with 0.92% of total population at the time.
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303:(High Commission of Canada, 2011). There were 154 prisoners that were sent to Australia (High Commission of Canada, 2011). Fifty eight of those were French Canadians that were sent to New South Wales without speaking English (High Commission of Canada, 2011). Of the convicts that settled in New South Wales, all were initially assigned as labourers and eventually allowed to be free settlers. These workers helped to build the foundation of Sydney's infrastructure that we still have today including Parramatta Road, Canada Bay, Exile Bay and a monument in Cabarita Park in Concord (High Commission of Canada, 2011).
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living in
Australia. Network Canada was started in 2002 as a social network for Canadian expats that lived in Sydney. Network Canada includes students and professionals from all continents and their hosted parties are sponsored by companies such as Canadian Club, Destination Canada and Hungry Jacks. The objective of Network Canada is for people to meet and network. In addition to events, Network Canada helps Canadian Australians settle into Sydney life by providing advice for different types of visas, immigration questions and general tips for a new Canadian Australian looking to live in Sydney.
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achievement compared to 15.7% of
Australian born Australians. The decreased educational achievement is only slight but is consistent throughout other education matrices. Canadian born Australians had the following percentages as their highest education level; 8.8% had completed up to year 10 and 8.4% had completed up to year 9 or below. This can be compared to Australian born Australians where 10.8% had completed up to year 10 and 8% had completed up to year 9 or below as their highest education level. (ABS, 2016)
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Australians have a slightly decreased level of education and it was found in Canada that “in schools with a high number of students who are visible minorities and
English language learners, the effects of standardized testing include a range of practices that reinforce inequity and increase social disparity”(Spencer, Delhi, & Ryan, 2012). Although this may also be apparent in some Australian schools, this could explain the slightly lower education levels of Canadian born Australians.
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trend can potentially be explained by the lack of opportunity for post-education training that workers in Canada are given by their employers. “Canada is categorized by the OECD as one of the “weak” countries for training and since it tends to be categorized as average or above for public support, this suggests that employer support is exceedingly weak by international standards. This has led to comments that
Canadian employers lack a training culture”(Benjamin, 2001).
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324:(Australian and New Zealand Army Corps). Canadian and Australian soldiers also fought side by side on the western front (Australian National University, 2017). Australians and Canadians fought together again in Passchendaele in late 1917 and launched the final allied offensives of 1918 in the east of Amiens which involved a spearhead of Australian soldiers and another of Canadian soldiers (Australian National University, 2017).
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Religion”. The most common religion was
Catholic in both 2011 and 2016 with 20% and 17.1% of Canadian born Australians identifying as Catholic in those years respectively. These changes in religion demography follow a similar trend with all Australian born Australians and non-Australian born Australians respectively (24.5% & 20.2% Non-Religious in 2011 compared to 33.3% & 26.7% in 2016) (ABS, 2016)
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America and from the United
Kingdom. According to the 2016 Australian Census, there were 43,049 Canadian born Australians in Australia in 2016, which is an increase from 38,871 persons according to the 2011 Australian Census. The number of immigrants stem from both countries being former British colonies and both being parliamentary democracies in the Westminster tradition (Collins, 2015).
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The
Canadian Way was started by a Canadian Australian, David Cost-Chretien. He spoke with many other Canadian Australians and started The Canadian Way after realising that there was a lot of demand for Canadian-based food in Australia. They sell lots of maple based products such as Maple syrup, Maple
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Network Canada is a professional & social networking group based in Sydney which is also known as the
Canadian Australian Network of Young Professionals. It is the largest network of North American young professionals living in Australia. They provide travel advice around Australia and advice for
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The Canada Club of
Victoria (CCV) has been running since its origins in 1940 and involves Canadian Australians from Melbourne and Regional Victoria. The Canadian Women's Club of Victoria was created in 1940, with the goal of helping Canadian women in Melbourne who were struggling with missing Canada
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On 4 August 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany. Both Canada and Australia's prime ministers accepted that their armies would join the imperial armies due to Australia and Canada being British Dominions at the time. Canada's opposition leader, Wilfrid Laurier said that Canada was “Ready, aye,
384:
OCanada is an online store based in the Sunshine Coast Queensland which sells food and general products all related to Canada. They order shipments from Canada of popular foods, beverages, clothing, souvenirs and recipes. They allow their customers to make requests and offers for products that they
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The CCV is a volunteer run social club for Canadian Australians or individuals with strong family ties to Canada. Their objective is to integrate Canadian and Australian culture through running events. The CCV host two main events each year which are Canada Day on the first of July and Thanksgiving
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After the second world war, the ‘skilled migration program’ developed by the Australian government allowed more Canadian immigrants to come to Australia if they had tertiary skills. This increased the number of Canadian Australians that immigrated to Australia and was also responsible for a general
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The Canadian and Australian governs called for an Imperial War cabinet in 1918 where the two prime ministers both represented their wounded and dead soldiers. Because Canada and Australia together played a pivotal role in the war, they had gained global influence which was recognised by the British
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and William Chaffe made multiple irrigation schemes throughout the Murray River (Museums Victoria, 2017). This allowed for water to be transported further away than before, which led to greater farming success and eventually the beginning of the dried fruit industry in South Australia and Victoria.
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Canadian Australians helped to develop the foundations of modern-day Australian society in the years during and after the gold rush. In 1854 Samuel McGowan created Australia's first telegraph line which stretched from Melbourne to Williamstown (Museums Victoria, 2017). Around the same time, George
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The second wave of Canadian Australians came in 1851 in search of gold (Museums Victoria, 2017). The Australian Gold Rush saw people from around the world flock to Australia in search of gold, which included hundreds of Canadians (Museums Victoria, 2017). They made an impact in the popular town of
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In 2016 the median weekly income for Canadian born Australians was $ 645 (personal), $ 1,570 (family) and $ 1,290 (household). This is slightly less than the figures for Australian born Australians, who had a median weekly income of $ 662 (personal), $ 1,734 (family) and $ 1,438 (household). This
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The education levels of Canadian Australian families as seen by the figures (ABS, 2016) above are quite similar. This may be because both Canada and Australia use standardised tests throughout primary and secondary school and similar tests are used for university admission. However, Canadian born
393:
The Canadian Way is a Canadian product store which is based in Hurstville, Sydney but is also online. Notably, they sell family owned Jakemans 100% Pure and Organic Maple Syrup and 100% wild caught seafood which is caught in Canada and shipped directly to Australia where it is afterwards given to
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There were many similarities of Australians and Canadians during World War 1. The Australian 1st Division was initially commanded by Canadian-educated Major-General Sir William Throsby Bridges. In 1915 the Canadian army was grouped together in divisions which followed the precedent of the ANZAC
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In 2016, 20.6% of Canadian born Australians aged 15 or over had a bachelor's degree or above as their highest educational achievement compared to 22% of Australian born Australians. Following a similar trend, 14.2% of Canadian born Australians had completed year 12 as their highest educational
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descent. It may also refer to Canadian immigrants and expatriates residing in Australia. According to statistics from 2006, there were as many as 21,000 Australians who have Canadian ancestors. Many Canadian Australians have immigrated from mainland Canada, as well as from the United States of
420:
According to the 2016 Australian Census and compared to the 2011 Australian Census, Canadian Australians that were born in Canada have had a decline in religious affiliation. In 2011, 36.7% fit within the census category of “No Religion” whereas in 2016, 45.3% identified as having “No
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as well as struggling with their husband's being away at war. Around this time, the Canadian Men's Club was formed with a business and network focused objective between Australian and Canada. In 1981, these two clubs joined together to create the present Canada Club of Victoria.
571:& Lester, Laurence. (2004). A Comparison of Australian and Canadian Immigration Policies and Labour Market Outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252056325_A_Comparison_of_Australian_and_Canadian_Immigration_Policies_and_Labour_Market_Outcomes.
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Ready” in relation to Canada going to war and Australia's then opposition leader and later prime minister, Andrew Fisher, similarly commented that Australia was committed ‘to the last man and the last shilling’ (Australian National University, 2017)
547:
Clarke, Andrew, and Mikal Skuterud. “Why Do Immigrant Workers in Australia Perform Better than Those in Canada? Is It the Immigrants or Their Labour Markets?” 14 Nov. 2013, Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne D'économique, vol. 46,
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Today, Canadian Australians still celebrate Canadian cultural events such as Canada Day (July 1) and Canadian Thanksgiving (the second Monday of October). Organisations such as the Canada Club help these traditional events to live on.
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Canada, Global Affairs. “History of Canada-Australia Relations.” GAC, High Commission of Canada, 17 Nov. 2011, www.canadainternational.gc.ca/australia-australie/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/history-histoire.aspx?lang=eng.
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Strategic Communication, P. (2017, June 8). Australian-Canadian parallel experiences during WWI. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/australian-canadian-parallel-experiences-during-wwi
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cookies and Maple Candy. They also sell a variety of Seafood such as Salmon and Caviar as well as popular unique Canadian food such as Motts Clamato Juice, Bits 'n Bites, Kraft Dinner and Triscuits.
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The first Canadian Australians were immigrants from both upper (now Ontario) and lower (now Quebec) mainland Canada who came to New South Wales and Tasmania because they were in exile during the
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Ballarat, where the ‘Canadian Gully’ was the name given to a gully after a Canadian gold miner found success and a large gold nugget was also named ‘The Canadian’ (Museums Victoria, 2017).
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Collins, Emmet. “Alternative Routes: Intergovernmental Relations in Canada and Australia.” Canadian Public Administration, vol. 58, no. 4, 2015, pp. 591–604.,
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Australian vs Canada Conflict Stats Compared. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2020, from https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/compare/Australia/Canada/Conflict
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www.networkcanada.com.au, N. (2015). Network Canada: Sydney Australia. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from http://www.networkcanada.com.au/
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Berry, A. (2001). Minimum Wages in Canada. Labor Market Policies in Canada and Latin America: Challenges of the New Millennium, 187–220.
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Victoria, Museums. “Canada.” Origins.museumvictoria.com.au, Creative Victoria, 2017, origins.museumsvictoria.com.au/countries/canada.
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currently do not provide to allow for changes in Canadian popular culture. They also have running specials and accept afterpay.
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on November 26. They also run a number of smaller social events for people to network and talk about Canada related topics.
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Betcha, B. (2014). About the club. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from http://www.canadianaustralianclub.com/abouttheclub
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Spencer, B. L., Delhi, K., & Ryan, J. (2012). Canadian Education. Canadian Education, Chapter 8, 132–140.
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Sam, Erin. (2020). Bringing Canada Down Under. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from https://ocanada.com.au/
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Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
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their retail partners or directly to people's houses.
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59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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513:Casey Dunning
511:
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501:Jaeman Salmon
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232:Protestantism
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1925:North Africa
1700:Anglo-Celtic
1253:Puerto Rican
1172:
902:
776:The Americas
758:Sierra Leone
693:
593:
590:
586:
576:
573:
567:
557:
546:
542:
539:
536:
526:
523:
520:Bibliography
507:Matt Dunning
477:Derek Muller
441:
432:
428:
419:
411:Demographics
405:
396:
392:
383:
369:
365:
362:
359:
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335:
326:
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318:
309:
305:
298:
270:) refers to
259:
258:
235:
227:
207:
199:
179:
171:
154:
149:
145:
131:Ethnic group
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2119:Indo-Fijian
1987:Palestinian
1921:Middle East
1847:Montenegrin
1623:Singaporean
1460:Indo-Fijian
1325:Bangladeshi
1320:Azerbaijani
1037:Cameroonian
908:New Zealand
483:Pamela Rabe
272:Australians
109:August 2023
2192:Categories
2131:Ni-Vanuatu
1862:Portuguese
1837:Macedonian
1832:Lithuanian
1747:Belarusian
1665:Vietnamese
1628:Sri Lankan
1492:Indonesian
1268:Venezuelan
1258:Salvadoran
1243:Paraguayan
1238:Panamanian
1223:Guatemalan
1218:Ecuadorian
1152:Zimbabwean
1117:Senegalese
982:Indigenous
918:See also:
685:References
489:Henry Ross
459:Jack Cowin
79:newspapers
1962:Jordanian
1912:Ukrainian
1852:Norwegian
1817:Icelandic
1812:Hungarian
1757:Bulgarian
1586:Pakistani
1576:Mongolian
1571:Maldivian
1549:Malaysian
1517:Sundanese
1396:Taiwanese
1384:Cantonese
1379:Hong Kong
1364:Cambodian
1337:Bhutanese
1263:Uruguayan
1208:Colombian
1198:Brazilian
1188:Argentine
1132:Tanzanian
1102:Mauritian
1052:Ethiopian
1042:Congolese
1032:Burundian
924:Canadians
903:Australia
841:Hong Kong
485:- actress
465:Luke Ford
438:Economics
425:Education
190:Languages
176:Melbourne
2088:Sudanese
2068:Mandaean
2034:Chaldean
2014:Assyrian
2007:Tunisian
1982:Moroccan
1972:Lebanese
1947:Egyptian
1942:Bahraini
1937:Algerian
1872:Romanian
1787:Estonian
1762:Croatian
1737:Austrian
1725:Scottish
1695:Albanian
1554:Bruneian
1524:Japanese
1512:Madurese
1507:Javanese
1502:Balinese
1497:Acehnese
1465:Malayali
1455:Gujarati
1440:Georgian
1435:Filipino
1315:Armenian
1275:Jamaican
1248:Peruvian
1228:Honduran
1193:Bolivian
1173:Canadian
1168:American
1161:Americas
1137:Togolese
1107:Nigerian
1092:Malawian
1087:Liberian
1067:Ghanaian
1057:Gabonese
1047:Eritrean
1027:Beninese
856:Pakistan
654:Caldoche
598:See also
416:Religion
356:Victoria
276:Canadian
218:Religion
184:Brisbane
146:Canadian
2107:Oceania
2093:Turkish
2063:Kurdish
2054:Israeli
2049:Iranian
1967:Kuwaiti
1952:Emirati
1902:Swedish
1897:Spanish
1892:Slovene
1882:Serbian
1877:Russian
1842:Maltese
1827:Latvian
1822:Italian
1797:Finnish
1767:Cypriot
1752:Bosnian
1742:Belgian
1710:English
1705:Cornish
1655:Turkmen
1606:Punjabi
1601:Pashtun
1559:Kadazan
1544:Laotian
1470:Punjabi
1450:Bengali
1418:Tibetan
1369:Chinese
1342:Burmese
1330:Bengali
1308:Pashtun
1233:Mexican
1203:Chilean
1147:Zambian
1142:Ugandan
1112:Rwandan
1077:Ivorian
1072:Guinean
1062:Gambian
1022:Angolan
896:Oceania
851:Lebanon
467:- actor
380:OCanada
295:History
240:Judaism
93:scholar
2163:Tongan
2153:Samoan
2126:Niuean
2114:Fijian
2098:Yezidi
2073:Nubian
2058:Jewish
2039:Darfur
2029:Coptic
2024:Berber
2002:Syrian
1997:Somali
1977:Libyan
1887:Slovak
1867:Romani
1857:Polish
1802:German
1792:French
1777:Danish
1687:Europe
1618:Pathan
1611:Sindhi
1596:Hazara
1591:Baloch
1581:Nepali
1539:Kyrgyz
1534:Korean
1529:Kazakh
1485:Telugu
1475:Sindhi
1445:Indian
1423:Uyghur
1303:Hazara
1298:Afghan
1097:Malian
1082:Kenyan
1014:Africa
882:France
875:Europe
861:Turkey
798:Mexico
783:Brazil
751:Africa
455:- chef
288:Sydney
264:French
236:·
234:
228:·
226:
208:·
206:
200:·
198:
182:
180:·
178:
174:
172:·
170:
168:Sydney
155:33,218
150:38,871
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
2141:Māori
2044:Dinka
1992:Saudi
1957:Iraqi
1907:Swiss
1807:Greek
1782:Dutch
1772:Czech
1730:Welsh
1715:Irish
1670:Hmong
1660:Uzbek
1645:Tatar
1640:Tajik
1633:Tamil
1564:Temoq
1480:Tamil
1411:Hoklo
1401:Hakka
1374:Hmong
1352:Karen
1213:Cuban
846:India
836:China
818:Métis
808:Cajun
793:Haiti
788:Chile
238:
230:
210:
202:
100:JSTOR
86:books
2177:and
2078:Nuer
2019:Bari
1932:Arab
1675:Mien
1650:Thai
1391:Mien
1347:Chin
1290:Asia
922:and
829:Asia
72:news
1923:and
1357:Mon
579:doi
560:doi
550:doi
529:doi
55:by
2194::
266::
2056:/
956:e
949:t
942:v
729:e
722:t
715:v
581::
562::
552::
531::
262:(
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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