186:
1670:
107:
82:
118:
89:
1376:
1804:
1431:
587:
540:
1278:
1654:
1165:
1185:
688:
5607:
4783:
1173:
1820:
1518:
1004:
6240:
5367:
4530:
6250:
5377:
4540:
605:
1157:
512:
1599:
Bur Dhab. After clashes Sheikh Bashir and his second-in-command, Alin Yusuf Ali, nicknamed
Qaybdiid, were killed. A third rebel was wounded and was captured along with two other rebels. The rest fled the fortifications and dispersed. On the British side the police general leading the British troops as well as a number of Indian and South African troops perished in the clashes, and a policeman was injured.
1315:
1568:
government came to a conclusion that another expedition against him would be useless; that they must build a railway, make roads and effectively occupy the whole of the protectorate, or else abandon the interior. The latter course was decided upon and during the first months of 1945, the advance posts were withdrawn and the
British administration confined to the coast town of
1422:" which ended in a long tail which hung down the back. A "chaplis" is typically a colourful sandal. A "kullah" is a type of cap. A "puggree" is typically a strip of cloth wound around the upper portion of a hat or helmet, particularly a pith helmet, and falling down from behind to act as a shade for the back of the neck.
1560:, where he distributed arms to half of his followers. On the evening of 3 July the group entered Burao and opened fire on the police guard of the central prison in the city, which was filled with prisoners arrested for previous demonstrations. The group also attacked the house of the district commissioner of
1598:
troops, led by police general James David, to fight against Sheikh Bashir and had intelligence plans to capture him alive. The
British authorities mobilized a police force, and eventually on 7 July found Sheikh Bashir and his unit in defensive positions behind their fortifications in the mountains of
1258:
through the maintenance of order in the coastal areas and protection of the caravan routes from the interior. Hence, the region's nickname of "Aden's butcher's shop". Colonial administration during this period did not extend administrative infrastructure beyond the coast, and contrasted with the more
1567:
The
British campaign against Sheikh Hamza troops proved abortive after several defeats as his forces kept on the move. No sooner had the expedition left the area, than the news travelled fast among the Somali nomads across the plain. The war had exposed the British administration to humiliation. The
1442:
Following the defeat of the
Dervish resistance, the two fundamental goals of British policy in British Somaliland were the preservation of stability and the economic self-sufficiency of the protectorate. The second goal remained particularly elusive because of local resistance to taxation that might
166:
1610:
The
British authorities was not finished with the rebels even after most of them had died and continued its counter-insurgency campaign. The authorities had quickly learned the names and identities of all the followers of Sheikh Bashir and tried to convince the locals to turn them in. When they
1756:
Until 1957, executive and legislative power were solely vested in the
Governor, although he had a non-statutory council to advise him. In 1947, a Protectorate Advisory Council was established on a tribal basis, with representatives of other communities and official members as well. In 1957, a
1704:
In April 1960, leaders of the two territories met in
Mogadishu and agreed to form a unitary state. An elected president was to be head of state. Full executive powers would be held by a prime minister answerable to an elected National Assembly of 123 members representing the two territories.
172:
1586:
and called on them to revolt and join the rebellion he led. The religious leaders as well as the people of
Erigavo heeded his call, and mobilized a substantial number of people armed with rifles and spears and staged a revolt. The British authorities responded rapidly and severely, sending
1253:
Generally, the
British did not have much interest in the resource-barren region. The stated purposes of the establishment of the protectorate were to "secure a supply market, check the traffic in slaves, and to exclude the interference of foreign powers." The British principally viewed the
174:
173:
160:
164:
165:
171:
170:
167:
161:
159:
168:
157:
156:
155:
154:
1443:
have been used to support the protectorate's administration. By the 1930s, the British presence had extended to other parts of British Somaliland. Growth in commercial trade motivated some livestock herders to subsequently leave the pastoral economy and settle in urban areas.
158:
169:
163:
162:
1356:
against Hassan and his followers. Employing the then-new technology of military aircraft, the British finally managed to quell Hassan's twenty-year-long struggle. The British tricked Hassan into preparing for an official visit, then launched bombing raids in the city of
1564:, Major Chambers, resulting in the death of Major Chamber's police guard before escaping to Bur Dhab, a strategic mountain south-east of Burao, where Sheikh Bashir's small unit occupied a fort and took up a defensive position in anticipation of a British counterattack.
1700:
stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then Somaliland protectorate. The Legislative Council of British Somaliland passed a resolution in April 1960 requesting independence. The legislative councils of the territory agreed to this proposal.
153:
1619:, the clan that Sheikh Bashir belonged to. The British authorities made the return of the livestock dependent on the turning over and arrest of the escaped rebels. The remaining rebels were subsequently found and arrested, and transported to the
1488:. During this period, the British rounded up soldiers and governmental officials to evacuate them from the territory through Berbera. In total, 7,000 people, including civilians, were evacuated. The Somalis serving in the
1337:
at the hands of the Dervishes. Hassan had already evaded several attempts to capture him. At Dul Madoba, his forces killed or wounded 57 members of the 110-man Constabulary unit, including the British commander, Colonel
2649:"Agreements and Exchanges of Letters between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Somaliland in connexion with the Attainment of Independence by Somaliland"
151:
1602:
Despite the death of Sheikh Hamza and his followers resistance against British authorities continued in Somaliland, especially in Erigavo where his death stirred further resistance in the town and the town of
185:
1484:, British Somaliland was invaded by Italy. The few British forces that were present attempted to defend the main road to Berbera, but were dislodged from their positions and retreated after losing the
152:
1757:
Legislative Council and an Executive Council were created. From 1959, there were elections to the Legislative Council. A new constitution was introduced in 1960, shortly before independence.
1402:
based in British Somaliland. It lasted from the early 20th century until 1944. The troopers of the Somaliland Camel Corps had a distinctive dress. It was based on the standard British Army
1307:, a Somali religious leader referred to colloquially by the British as the "Mad Mullah". Repeated military expeditions were unsuccessfully launched against Hassan and his Dervishes before
4832:
4517:
2011:"The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."
1575:
Sheikh Bashir settled many disputes among the tribes in the vicinity, which kept them from raiding each other. He was generally thought to settle disputes through the use of Islamic
2283:
1353:
2527:
6346:
4328:
1361:
where most of his troops were stationed, causing the mullah to retreat into the desert. Hassan and his Dervish supporters fled to the Ogaden, where Hassan died in 1921.
558:
526:
2678:
304:
2032:
106:
4768:
4662:
6351:
2736:
6336:
3187:
1658:
983:
1296:
Beginning in 1899, the British were forced to expend considerable human and military capital to contain a decades-long resistance movement mounted by the
6311:
1749:, and from 1905 onward (with the exception of a period of military administration until 1948 following the Italian invasion) it was administered by the
6326:
3901:
2205:
6341:
4702:
1736:
282:
6267:
4495:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
2420:
1742:
1723:, the old speaker of the Somaliland Assembly, as the first President of the new Republic of Somalia National Assembly, and also on that same day
1032:
17:
2021:
1587:
reinforcements to the town and opening fire on the armed mobs in two "local actions" as well as arresting minor religious leaders in the town.
2701:
2648:
1962:
4060:
1984:
1234:. The agreements dictated the protection of Somali rights and the maintenance of independence. The British garrisoned the protectorate from
1230:
clans establishing a protectorate. Many of these clans had signed the protection treaties with the British in response to Ethiopian Emperor
5592:
5022:
4488:
4471:
4349:
4576:
3940:
1936:
6331:
3630:
3624:
2729:
1677:, May 1960 in which it was decided that 26 June would be the day of Independence, and so signed on 12 May 1960. Somaliland Delegation:
2267:
5012:
3686:
2463:
989:
81:
5413:
2486:
1807:
Stamps of the Somaliland Protectorate, 1953 issue. Overprinted in 1957 and 1960 to mark events relating to the Legislative Council
6316:
5085:
2523:
1124:
2236:
1868:
4844:
4727:
4682:
3534:
1640:
1471:
971:
897:
393:
6321:
5078:
3895:
2722:
2149:
2097:
1777:" was proclaimed, with the local government regarding it as the successor to the former British Somaliland as well as to the
2441:
Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and sacrifice: famous regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. ISBN 81-7023-140-X, 75.
1607:
and lead to attacks on British colonial troops throughout the district and the seizing of arms from the rural constabulary.
5968:
4589:
4233:
3843:
3069:
2675:
1798:
1477:
1467:
200:
2203:
2062:
5724:
5678:
5562:
4173:
2955:
2843:
1025:
1897:
1492:
were given the choice of evacuation or disbandment; the majority chose to remain and were allowed to retain their arms.
6042:
5174:
3891:
2581:"'The Evils of Locust Bait': Popular Nationalism during the 1945 Anti-Locust Control Rebellion in Colonial Somaliland"
5426:
5336:
4053:
3246:
2316:
2277:
2122:
1865:"Somaliland Protectorate, communicated by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"
1500:
2337:
1712:. Five days later on 1 July 1960 Somaliland officially merged with the Trust Territory of Somaliland to create the
5197:
5114:
5095:
4871:
3926:
3913:
1773:, the area which formerly encompassed British Somaliland declared independence. In May 1991, the formation of the "
1406:
but included a knitted woollen pullover and drill patches on the shoulders. Shorts were worn with woollen socks on
94:
2612:
5545:
5273:
5169:
5007:
4732:
4569:
4142:
3873:
2714:
1669:
117:
5661:
5524:
5258:
5221:
5164:
4903:
4712:
4436:
3964:
3578:
3472:
3289:
2973:
1766:
1686:
1018:
953:
667:
319:
5978:
5963:
5919:
5827:
5695:
5514:
5268:
5263:
5238:
5119:
4246:
4010:
3761:
3202:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
3099:
3031:
1693:
In 1947, the entire budget for the administration of the British Somaliland protectorate was only Β£213,139.
6032:
5958:
5914:
5406:
5184:
5107:
5102:
5073:
4807:
4697:
4046:
3496:
3420:
3396:
3390:
2750:
1512:
903:
918:
855:
814:
6306:
6089:
6052:
6047:
6037:
5865:
5707:
5587:
5582:
5555:
5278:
4763:
4758:
4463:
4129:
2979:
2089:
1454:
Among military units in British Somaliland during the interwar period was a battalion of the Indian Army
2524:"Taariikhdii Halgamaa: Sheekh Bashiir Sh. Yuusuf. W/Q: Prof Yaxye Sheekh Caamir | Laashin iyo Hal-abuur"
697:
6153:
5027:
4997:
4782:
4672:
4562:
4201:
3978:
3952:
3849:
3618:
2412:
1770:
1648:
1495:
In March 1941, after a six-month Italian occupation, British forces recaptured the protectorate during
1108:
947:
885:
687:
776:
6106:
6065:
5990:
5985:
5631:
5499:
5341:
5154:
5124:
5032:
4492:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
4135:
4091:
3813:
3524:
3199:
3169:
2927:
1678:
1297:
1290:
1272:
873:
735:
377:
2694:
1952:
6136:
5068:
5017:
4722:
4316:
4024:
3971:
3879:
3837:
3801:
3755:
3370:
3019:
2961:
2659:
1304:
1282:
1099:
On 26 June 1960, British Somaliland was formally granted independence by the United Kingdom as the
965:
2695:"Somali State Conflict: Revisiting the Political Economy of the Somali Security State (1969-1991)"
1995:
6116:
6111:
6027:
5924:
5904:
5606:
5474:
5399:
5348:
5248:
5243:
5207:
5090:
5056:
5039:
5002:
4908:
4791:
4737:
4533:
4365:
4240:
4208:
4189:
3855:
3807:
3749:
3458:
3402:
2781:
2549:
Sheekh Caamir, Prof. Yaxye (11 January 2018). "Taariikhdii Halgamaa: Sheekh Bashiir Sh. Yuusuf".
1841:
1375:
88:
6022:
5929:
5326:
4976:
4687:
4004:
3985:
3861:
3825:
3597:
3585:
3484:
3364:
3352:
3240:
3195:
3183:
2817:
1991:
1782:
1774:
1489:
1395:
1379:
1370:
1346:
1231:
1128:
942:
801:
1541:
in the former British Somaliland protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by
5288:
5202:
5142:
4992:
4925:
4817:
4812:
4742:
4677:
4597:
4543:
4149:
3304:
3081:
3063:
2872:
2806:
1803:
1455:
1239:
891:
676:
480:
6221:
6126:
6075:
5973:
5936:
5909:
5615:
5494:
5484:
5331:
5179:
4652:
4454:
4272:
4185:
4119:
4097:
3998:
3958:
3867:
3831:
3769:
3694:
3382:
3117:
3111:
3105:
1496:
1430:
1334:
827:
563:
531:
406:
2460:
1926:
1277:
8:
6211:
6196:
6176:
6148:
5953:
5883:
5641:
5370:
5316:
5311:
5296:
5189:
4915:
4822:
4707:
4667:
3933:
3736:
3643:
3591:
3478:
3466:
3446:
3434:
3346:
3137:
3049:
1778:
1709:
1662:
1636:
1485:
1100:
1093:
1077:
930:
879:
704:
594:
576:
545:
419:
380:
1615:, under which the authorities seized and impounded a total of 6,000 camels owned by the
6168:
6070:
6010:
5899:
5636:
5504:
5489:
5434:
5253:
5159:
4179:
4161:
4101:
3992:
3718:
3680:
3656:
3637:
3528:
3001:
2967:
2866:
2849:
2775:
2604:
2480:
2269:
State Collapse and Post-conflict Development in Africa: The Case of Somalia (1960-2001)
1957:
1697:
1653:
1327:
1188:
136:
31:
1745:
as a dependency of the Government of India. From 1898 it was under the purview of the
6249:
6216:
6186:
6131:
6101:
5651:
5380:
5376:
5061:
4692:
4647:
4632:
4539:
4125:
3743:
3708:
3440:
3328:
3276:
3270:
3254:
3093:
3087:
3037:
3007:
2937:
2596:
2312:
2273:
2244:
2145:
2118:
2093:
1864:
1825:
1620:
1333:
On 9 August 1913, the Somaliland Camel Constabulary suffered a serious defeat at the
1132:
1008:
142:
1681:, Ahmed Haji Dualeh, Ali Garad Jama and Haji Ibrahim Nur. From the Colonial Office:
6243:
6206:
6201:
6158:
5550:
5537:
5469:
5459:
5321:
4496:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4341:
4252:
4220:
4107:
3907:
3819:
3604:
3130:
3123:
3025:
2910:
2858:
2588:
1339:
1089:
1085:
1081:
754:
275:
262:
2744:
1254:
protectorate as a source for supplies of meat for their British Indian outpost in
6143:
6121:
6057:
5817:
5802:
5646:
5479:
4881:
4876:
4849:
4827:
4642:
4449:
4226:
4155:
3946:
3885:
3724:
3408:
3310:
3013:
2682:
2467:
2306:
2209:
2139:
1750:
1713:
1644:
1260:
1247:
1164:
1140:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1073:
1053:
936:
821:
759:
517:
252:
59:
1708:
On 26 June 1960, the British Somaliland protectorate gained independence as the
1630:
6253:
6191:
5807:
5797:
5777:
5712:
5532:
5464:
5306:
4717:
4637:
4334:
4322:
4167:
3783:
3712:
3701:
3490:
3452:
3358:
3322:
3316:
3282:
2823:
2746:
2054:
1786:
1746:
1604:
1561:
1419:
1255:
1243:
1199:
1065:
959:
795:
789:
205:
1184:
6300:
6282:
6269:
5747:
4953:
4859:
4375:
4195:
3376:
3260:
2600:
2592:
2333:
1940:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 378β384.
1931:
1893:
1616:
1542:
1530:
1522:
1410:
and "chaplis", boots or bare feet. Equipment consisted of leather ammunition
1235:
1223:
5752:
5700:
5454:
5233:
4938:
4622:
4405:
4113:
3674:
3668:
3649:
3414:
3149:
3056:
2995:
2989:
2156:
Facing the Ethiopian threat, many Somali clans accepted British protection.
1595:
1481:
1415:
1399:
1061:
783:
742:
218:
208:
5845:
5782:
4522:
4018:
3919:
3730:
3334:
3234:
2949:
2943:
2200:
Unhappy Masses and the Challenge of Political Islam in the Horn of Africa
1720:
1682:
1503:
discontinued all resistance in British Somaliland by the autumn of 1943.
1403:
1308:
1207:
214:
2482:
Constructing colonial hegemony in the Somaliland protectorate, 1941-1960
1517:
1172:
6181:
5855:
5787:
5688:
5666:
5519:
5301:
4896:
4891:
4864:
4585:
3795:
3776:
3519:
3298:
2917:
2837:
2608:
2580:
1319:
1227:
1203:
1120:
1103:. Five days later, on 1 July 1960, the State of Somaliland voluntarily
1069:
977:
748:
642:
35:
4554:
5757:
5683:
5449:
4886:
4854:
4617:
4612:
4441:
3294:
3043:
2830:
1724:
1552:
On 2 July, Sheikh Hamza collected 25 of his followers in the town of
1529:
The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was an uprising by tribesmen of the
1411:
1211:
721:
715:
709:
5860:
5850:
5835:
5812:
5742:
5671:
5391:
4958:
4837:
4369:
4284:
3563:
3515:
3264:
3191:
3177:
3173:
3143:
2931:
2115:
The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy
1553:
1435:
1242:
colony until 1898. British Somaliland was then administered by the
1215:
1156:
648:
236:
2635:
Annual Colonial Office Report on the Somaliland Protectorate, 1948
1727:
was elected as the President of the newly formed Somali Republic.
1657:
Agreements and Exchanges of Letters between the Government of the
5840:
5422:
4278:
3611:
3571:
3164:
2921:
2880:
2169:
The State and Rural Transformation in Northern Somalia, 1884β1986
1925:
1583:
1582:
Sheikh Bashir sent a message to religious figures in the town of
1569:
1546:
1538:
1448:
1444:
1407:
1387:
1383:
1323:
1136:
837:
763:
632:
626:
229:
2334:"How the United States Reversed Its Policy on Bombing Civilians"
1398:, also referred to as the Somali Camel Corps, was a unit of the
5772:
5737:
4948:
4943:
4288:
3663:
3428:
3206:
2811:
2658:: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 26 June 1960. Archived from
2655:
1674:
1576:
1301:
1191:
841:
257:
2022:"Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule"
1665:
in connexion with the Attainment of Independence by Somaliland
1314:
5792:
5732:
5656:
4933:
4627:
3789:
3511:
2983:
1631:
Independence and union with the Trust Territory of Somaliland
1624:
1591:
1557:
1534:
1358:
1286:
1177:
833:
473:
1418:
and khaki drill uniforms. Other ranks wore a "kullah" with "
5941:
5767:
5762:
5044:
3340:
1219:
1985:"The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic"
1447:
also helped pay for British India's patrol of Somalia's
4663:
Postage stamps and postal history of British Somaliland
1673:
The Somaliland Protectorate Constitutional Conference,
1549:
religious leader belonging to the Yeesif sub-division.
2410:
2360:
The state and rural transformation in Northern Somalia
2223:
The state and rural transformation in Northern Somalia
2086:
Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience
1953:"The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia"
1349:
to assist in maintaining order in British Somaliland.
1072:. During its existence, the territory was bordered by
4394:
3527:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
2171:, Madison: 1989, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 31
1815:
1659:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
984:
Peace treaties of the Somaliland War of Independence
6347:
Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa
2566:
British Military Administration in Africa 1941β1947
2510:
British Military Administration in Africa 1941β1947
1556:and transported them on a lorry to the vicinity of
6298:
4703:List of colonial governors of British Somaliland
1737:List of colonial governors of British Somaliland
1741:Until 1898, Somaliland was administered by the
1506:
1425:
6352:States and territories disestablished in 1960
5407:
4570:
4054:
2730:
2548:
1781:. However, Somalilandβs independence remains
1300:resistance movement. The movement was led by
1151:
1088:). From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the
1026:
6337:1960 disestablishments in the British Empire
4489:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4472:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4350:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1579:and gathered around him a strong following.
1414:and a leather waist belt. The officers wore
51:
2444:
2117:. London: Haan Associates. pp. 34β35.
1168:Map of the British Somaliland Protectorate.
6312:States and territories established in 1884
5414:
5400:
4577:
4563:
4061:
4047:
2737:
2723:
2453:
2305:Jardine, Douglas James (15 October 2015).
2112:
2106:
1033:
1019:
184:
6327:1884 establishments in the British Empire
2234:
2055:"How Britain said farewell to its Empire"
1834:
1364:
5557:Ethiopian intervention (2006–2009)
3533:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
2265:
2141:Political Conflict on the Horn of Africa
1919:
1917:
1915:
1888:
1886:
1802:
1668:
1652:
1516:
1429:
1374:
1313:
1276:
1183:
1171:
1163:
1155:
442:137,270 km (53,000 sq mi)
4584:
2578:
2563:
2507:
2478:
2304:
1719:On 1 July 1960 the legislature elected
1259:interventionist colonial experience of
14:
6299:
4683:Italian invasion of British Somaliland
4518:Historical flags of the British Empire
4502:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
2707:from the original on 28 November 2020.
2411:Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, Thomas P.
2406:
2404:
2235:McConnell, Tristan (15 January 2009).
2137:
2083:
1641:Independence Day (State of Somaliland)
1472:Italian invasion of British Somaliland
27:British protectorate from 1884 to 1960
5395:
4558:
4393:
4305:
4042:
3551:
3223:
2898:
2794:
2718:
2615:from the original on 19 November 2021
1950:
1912:
1883:
1611:refused, the authorities invoked the
1590:The British administration recruited
5421:
2423:from the original on 29 October 2004
1923:
1900:from the original on 9 February 2006
1844:. Openlibrary.org. 1906. p. 178
1842:"Census of the British empire. 1901"
1799:Postage stamps of British Somaliland
1468:East African campaign (World War II)
1352:In 1920, the British launched their
6342:SomalilandβUnited Kingdom relations
4329:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
3172:. British Cameroons is now part of
2530:from the original on 18 August 2021
2401:
2035:from the original on 5 January 2014
1862:
1461:
1266:
24:
3188:unilaterally declared independence
2883:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
2542:
2472:
2340:from the original on 3 August 2023
2286:from the original on 3 August 2023
1944:
25:
6363:
6332:1960 disestablishments in Somalia
4395:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
4374:Occupied by Argentina during the
4306:
3552:
2113:Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M. (1996).
1994:. 1 February 2004. Archived from
1965:from the original on 27 June 2011
1871:from the original on 27 July 2021
1792:
1767:bloody civil war for independence
1345:In 1914, the British created the
1246:until 1905 and afterwards by the
6248:
6239:
6238:
5605:
5375:
5366:
5365:
4781:
4538:
4529:
4528:
3941:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2489:from the original on 2 June 2021
2331:
1818:
1002:
686:
603:
585:
556:
538:
524:
510:
149:
116:
105:
87:
80:
5525:Somaliland War of Independence
2687:
2669:
2641:
2627:
2572:
2557:
2516:
2501:
2435:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2352:
2325:
2298:
2259:
2228:
2215:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2161:
2131:
2065:from the original on 8 May 2019
1924:Cana, Frank Richardson (1911).
1613:Collective Punishment Ordinance
1326:showing British Somaliland and
1238:and administered it from their
18:British Somaliland Protectorate
6317:1884 establishments in Somalia
4437:Australian Antarctic Territory
3293:since 1965 (before as part of
3290:British Indian Ocean Territory
3176:, while Tanganyika is part of
2810:since 1960 (before as part of
2564:of Rodd, Lord Rennell (1948).
2508:of Rodd, Lord Rennell (1948).
2311:. Naval & Military Press.
2266:Mohamoud, Abdullah A. (2006).
2077:
2047:
2014:
1977:
1856:
1198:In the late 19th century, the
1125:unrecognised independent state
954:Somaliland War of Independence
13:
1:
5515:Trust Territory of Somaliland
1811:
1760:
6322:Former British protectorates
4698:1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion
2751:British Overseas Territories
1769:in the northern part of the
1689:, H. C. F. Wilks (Secretary)
1627:in northwestern Somaliland.
1513:1945 Sheikh Bashir rebellion
1507:1945 Sheikh Bashir rebellion
1499:. The final remnants of the
1426:British Somaliland 1920β1930
1180:clan in Hargeisa, Somaliland
1058:Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida
146:(1901β1940 & 1941β1952)
53:Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida
7:
4728:Declaration of Independence
4464:British Antarctic Territory
4174:Western Pacific Territories
4068:
2272:. Purdue University Press.
2090:University of Chicago Press
2031:. 26 June 1960. p. 6.
1951:Lacey, Marc (5 June 2006).
1730:
1476:In August 1940, during the
1202:signed agreements with the
972:Declaration of Independence
353:β’ Protection treaties
219:British colonial government
140:(1862β1901 & 1952β1960)
10:
6368:
4673:Somaliland campaign (1920)
4202:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
3619:British Arctic Territories
2899:
2795:
2413:"Ethiopia in World War II"
2138:Gorman, Robert F. (1981).
1796:
1771:Somali Democratic Republic
1734:
1649:Independence Day (Somalia)
1634:
1510:
1501:Italian guerrilla movement
1465:
1368:
1354:fifth and final expedition
1270:
1152:Treaties and establishment
1146:
1109:Trust Territory of Somalia
948:Somali Democratic Republic
190:British Somaliland in 1922
29:
6234:
6167:
6097:
6088:
6018:
6009:
5895:
5891:
5882:
5826:
5723:
5627:
5623:
5614:
5603:
5575:
5442:
5433:
5361:
5287:
5229:
5220:
5150:
5141:
4988:
4984:
4975:
4924:
4803:
4799:
4790:
4779:
4751:
4605:
4596:
4513:
4482:
4442:Commonwealth of Australia
4400:
4389:
4360:
4312:
4301:
4267:
4074:
4038:
3844:Newfoundland and Labrador
3558:
3547:
3525:League of Nations mandate
3506:
3230:
3219:
3200:Lancaster House Agreement
3170:League of Nations mandate
3159:
2905:
2894:
2801:
2790:
2757:
2681:28 September 2011 at the
2417:A Country Study: Ethiopia
2241:Virginia Quarterly Review
2084:Laitin, David D. (1977).
1679:Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal
1273:Dervish movement (Somali)
1160:Map of British Somaliland
990:Constitutional referendum
619:
489:
469:
465:
455:
451:
446:
438:
433:
429:
416:
403:
390:
374:
365:Somali coast protectorate
361:
351:
341:
337:
329:
325:
310:
295:
291:
281:
271:
245:
225:
195:
183:
131:
76:
69:
45:
34:or the de facto state of
5079:House of Representatives
3972:Turks and Caicos Islands
3279:(protectorate) 1907β1949
3224:
2854:(integrated into the UK)
2676:Somali Independence Week
2308:Mad Mullah of Somaliland
1743:British resident at Aden
1305:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
1283:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
1139:, regards itself as the
1127:that is internationally
30:Not to be confused with
5475:Sultanate of the Geledi
4738:2022 Waheen Market fire
4255:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
4080:18th and 19th centuries
3896:Queen Charlotte Islands
3856:North-Western Territory
3828:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
3431:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
3096:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
2782:Commonwealth of Nations
2466:9 November 2013 at the
2450:Playfair (1954), p. 178
2419:. Library of Congress.
2237:"The Invisible Country"
2144:. Praeger. p. 29.
1937:Encyclopædia Britannica
1621:Saad-ud-Din archipelago
1143:to British Somaliland.
1050:Somaliland Protectorate
904:Sheikh Bashir Rebellion
343:β’ British control
305:Frederick Mercer Hunter
221:(1 October 1898 onward)
47:Somaliland Protectorate
4688:Somaliland Camel Corps
4005:West Indies Federation
3194:) and continued as an
2780:Current member of the
2593:10.1093/past/174.1.184
2579:Mohamed, Jama (2002).
2479:Mohamed, Jama (1996).
2167:Samatar, Abdi Ismail
1992:University of Pretoria
1808:
1775:Republic of Somaliland
1690:
1666:
1661:and the Government of
1533:clan in the cities of
1526:
1521:Sheikh Bashir praying
1490:Somaliland Camel Corps
1439:
1396:Somaliland Camel Corps
1391:
1380:Somaliland Camel Corps
1371:Somaliland Camel Corps
1365:Somaliland Camel Corps
1347:Somaliland Camel Corps
1330:
1293:
1195:
1194:of the Warsangali clan
1181:
1169:
1161:
1057:
943:1961 revolt in Somalia
52:
4743:Outline of Somaliland
4678:1922 Burao Tax Revolt
3927:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3198:state until the 1979
2807:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2208:3 August 2023 at the
1806:
1735:Further information:
1672:
1656:
1520:
1478:East African campaign
1466:Further information:
1456:4th Bombay Grenadiers
1433:
1378:
1317:
1289:, the capital of his
1280:
1187:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1009:Somaliland portal
481:East African shilling
246:Common languages
213:(administered by the
6283:9.56056Β°N 44.05472Β°E
5564:(2009–present)
5495:Warsangali Sultanate
5485:Majeerteen Sultanate
4909:Sa'ad ad-Din Islands
4653:Habr Yunis Sultanate
4455:Realm of New Zealand
4453:(transferred to the
4440:(transferred to the
4273:Realm of New Zealand
3874:Prince Edward Island
3752:1671β1816, 1833β1960
2867:Malta (Protectorate)
2665:on 14 November 2020.
2568:. HMSO. p. 482.
2512:. HMSO. p. 481.
1497:Operation Appearance
1335:Battle of Dul Madoba
1119:. The government of
828:Habr Yunis Sultanate
564:Warsangali Sultanate
532:Habr Yunis Sultanate
217:1884-1898) and then
6279: /
5013:Diplomatic missions
4713:War of Independence
4708:State of Somaliland
4668:Somaliland campaign
4486:Since 2009 part of
4378:of AprilβJune 1982.
3965:Trinidad and Tobago
3579:Antigua and Barbuda
3479:Straits Settlements
2526:. 11 January 2018.
1779:State of Somaliland
1710:State of Somaliland
1637:State of Somaliland
1623:, off the coast of
1486:Battle of Tug Argan
1232:Menelik's Invasions
1101:State of Somaliland
1094:Italian East Africa
1078:French Somali Coast
931:State of Somaliland
886:Somaliland campaign
880:Somaliland campaign
762: •
755:Land of the Berbers
705:Caves in Somaliland
599:State of Somaliland
581:Italian East Africa
550:Italian East Africa
215:Government of India
6307:British Somaliland
5866:South West Somalia
5510:British Somaliland
5505:Italian Somaliland
5490:Sultanate of Hobyo
5198:Telecommunications
4658:British Somaliland
3638:Cape Breton Island
3529:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
3371:Unfederated States
3186:Southern Rhodesia
2776:Commonwealth realm
2585:Past & Present
2398:Samatar, pp. 52β53
2212:retrieved 10-03-27
2029:The New York Times
1958:The New York Times
1927:"Somaliland"
1809:
1698:British Government
1691:
1667:
1527:
1440:
1392:
1331:
1328:Italian Somaliland
1294:
1196:
1189:Mohamoud Ali Shire
1182:
1170:
1162:
1046:British Somaliland
868:British Somaliland
840: •
836: •
802:EthiopianβAdal war
137:God Save the Queen
32:Italian Somaliland
6288:9.56056; 44.05472
6262:
6261:
6230:
6229:
6084:
6083:
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5969:Political parties
5959:Political history
5915:Foreign relations
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5652:Guardafui Channel
5601:
5600:
5540:(1986–1992)
5527:(1981–1991)
5389:
5388:
5357:
5356:
5216:
5215:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5086:Political parties
5062:Somaliland Police
5008:Foreign relations
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4777:
4776:
4723:National Movement
4693:Somaliland Scouts
4648:Battle of Berbera
4633:Sultanate of Ifat
4552:
4551:
4509:
4508:
4385:
4384:
4317:Providence Island
4297:
4296:
4262:
4261:
4130:Western Australia
4098:Van Diemen's Land
4034:
4033:
4011:Associated States
3709:Columbia District
3543:
3542:
3397:Manila and Cavite
3215:
3214:
3094:Southern Rhodesia
3088:South-West Africa
3038:Northern Rhodesia
2950:Cape of Good Hope
2890:
2889:
2770:Current territory
2485:(Thesis thesis).
2202:, Somalia Online
2151:978-0-03-059471-7
2099:978-0-226-46791-7
1863:Kingdom, United.
1826:Somaliland portal
1765:In 1991, after a
1696:In May 1960, the
1133:autonomous region
1048:, officially the
1043:
1042:
923:
919:Modern Somaliland
860:
859:(1884–1960)
660:
659:
615:
614:
611:
610:
569:
568:
407:British recapture
312:β’ 1959β1960
297:β’ 1884β1888
175:
143:God Save the King
99:Bottom: 1952β1960
16:(Redirected from
6359:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6252:
6242:
6241:
6095:
6094:
6061:
6048:Mineral industry
6038:Economic history
6016:
6015:
5949:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5609:
5565:
5558:
5541:
5528:
5500:Dervish movement
5460:Walashma dynasty
5440:
5439:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5393:
5392:
5379:
5369:
5368:
5269:Independence Day
5227:
5226:
5193:
5148:
5147:
5052:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4785:
4603:
4602:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4542:
4532:
4531:
4497:Antarctic Treaty
4458:
4445:
4430:Falkland Islands
4422:Tristan da Cunha
4414:Ascension Island
4391:
4390:
4342:Falkland Islands
4303:
4302:
4271:Now part of the
4143:Pitcairn Islands
4108:Auckland Islands
4077:
4076:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4025:Windward Islands
3979:Vancouver Island
3756:MassachusettsBay
3625:British Columbia
3549:
3548:
3365:Federated States
3221:
3220:
3131:Tristan da Cunha
3100:Southern Nigeria
3032:Northern Nigeria
2911:Ascension Island
2896:
2895:
2855:
2792:
2791:
2766:Former territory
2763:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2587:(174): 184β216.
2576:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2476:
2470:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2408:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2336:. The Humanist.
2332:Ross, Sherwood.
2329:
2323:
2322:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2243:. Archived from
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:. 23 July 2010.
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2001:on 25 March 2009
2000:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1462:Italian invasion
1340:Richard Corfield
1291:Dervish movement
1285:'s main fort in
1267:Dervish uprising
1092:and was part of
1086:Italian Ethiopia
1035:
1028:
1021:
1007:
1006:
1005:
921:
898:Italian invasion
892:Burao Tax Revolt
874:Dervish movement
858:
724:(5,000~3,500 BC)
690:
680:
662:
661:
653:
637:
607:
606:
589:
588:
573:
572:
560:
559:
542:
541:
528:
527:
514:
513:
507:
506:
491:
490:
483:
394:Italian invasion
366:
315:
300:
241:
234:
211:
188:
177:
176:
120:
109:
91:
84:
64:
63:
55:
43:
42:
21:
6367:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6297:
6296:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6258:
6226:
6163:
6154:Public holidays
6080:
6059:
5997:
5943:
5870:
5822:
5818:Woqooyi Galbeed
5803:Middle Shebelle
5719:
5679:Mountain ranges
5647:Greater Somalia
5610:
5597:
5571:
5563:
5556:
5539:
5526:
5480:Isaaq Sultanate
5429:
5420:
5390:
5385:
5353:
5283:
5264:Public holidays
5239:National emblem
5212:
5191:
5129:
5074:House of Elders
5046:
4963:
4920:
4850:Golis Mountains
4845:Mountain ranges
4828:Greater Somalia
4786:
4773:
4747:
4643:Isaaq Sultanate
4592:
4583:
4553:
4548:
4505:
4478:
4452:
4450:Ross Dependency
4439:
4396:
4381:
4356:
4308:
4293:
4263:
4258:
4214:
4209:Solomon Islands
4156:North Australia
4136:South Australia
4092:New South Wales
4070:
4067:
4030:
3750:Leeward Islands
3554:
3539:
3502:
3409:Muscat and Oman
3226:
3211:
3155:
2901:
2886:
2853:
2797:
2786:
2761:
2753:
2743:
2713:
2712:
2704:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2683:Wayback Machine
2674:
2670:
2662:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2577:
2573:
2562:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2468:Wayback Machine
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2280:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2247:on 13 June 2010
2233:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2210:Wayback Machine
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1949:
1945:
1922:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1801:
1795:
1763:
1751:Colonial Office
1739:
1733:
1714:Somali Republic
1651:
1645:Somali Republic
1635:Main articles:
1633:
1515:
1509:
1474:
1464:
1428:
1373:
1367:
1281:Aerial view of
1275:
1269:
1261:Italian Somalia
1248:Colonial Office
1176:Sultans of the
1154:
1149:
1141:successor state
1117:Somali Republic
1113:Italian Somalia
1074:Italian Somalia
1039:
1003:
1001:
996:
995:
937:Somali Republic
926:
925:
920:
910:
909:
863:
862:
857:
856:Colonial period
847:
846:
822:Isaaq Sultanate
817:
807:
806:
784:Kingdom of Adal
779:
769:
768:
738:
728:
727:
700:
678:
671:
656:
645:
638:
629:
604:
598:
586:
580:
557:
549:
539:
525:
518:Isaaq Sultanate
511:
484:
479:
478:
476:
458:
422:
409:
396:
383:
367:
364:
354:
344:
316:
313:
301:
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267:
239:
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204:
191:
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150:
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6114:
6109:
6107:Child marriage
6104:
6098:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6076:Transportation
6073:
6068:
6066:Communications
6063:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5986:Prime Minister
5983:
5982:
5981:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5939:
5934:
5933:
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5922:
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5907:
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5880:
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5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5808:Lower Shebelle
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
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5735:
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5727:
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5720:
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5716:
5715:
5713:Bajuni Islands
5705:
5704:
5703:
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5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5560:
5548:
5543:
5535:
5533:Isaaq genocide
5530:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5465:Adal Sultanate
5462:
5457:
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5446:
5444:
5437:
5431:
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5404:
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5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5103:Vice-President
5100:
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4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4733:Border dispute
4730:
4725:
4720:
4718:Isaaq genocide
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4638:Adal Sultanate
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4582:
4581:
4574:
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4493:
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4398:
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4387:
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4380:
4379:
4372:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4323:Willoughbyland
4320:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4298:
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4291:
4281:
4275:
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4230:
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4205:
4199:
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4177:
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4139:
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4123:
4117:
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4105:
4095:
4088:
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4081:
4075:
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4066:
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4058:
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4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3986:Virgin Islands
3982:
3976:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3953:South Carolina
3950:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3850:North Carolina
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3784:Mosquito Coast
3781:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3753:
3747:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3713:Oregon Country
3706:
3702:Cayman Islands
3698:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3660:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3634:
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3608:
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3575:
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3540:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3522:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3491:Trucial States
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3184:Self-governing
3181:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2956:Central Africa
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2847:
2844:Ionian Islands
2841:
2835:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2747:British Empire
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2686:
2668:
2640:
2626:
2571:
2556:
2541:
2515:
2500:
2471:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2400:
2391:
2389:Samatar, p. 46
2382:
2380:Samatar, p. 45
2373:
2364:
2351:
2324:
2317:
2297:
2278:
2258:
2227:
2214:
2191:
2189:Samatar, p. 32
2182:
2173:
2160:
2150:
2130:
2123:
2105:
2098:
2076:
2046:
2025:(fee required)
2013:
1976:
1943:
1932:Chisholm, Hugh
1911:
1882:
1855:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1813:
1810:
1797:Main article:
1794:
1793:Postage stamps
1791:
1789:member state.
1787:United Nations
1762:
1759:
1747:Foreign Office
1732:
1729:
1632:
1629:
1562:Burao District
1511:Main article:
1508:
1505:
1463:
1460:
1427:
1424:
1369:Main article:
1366:
1363:
1271:Main article:
1268:
1265:
1244:Foreign Office
1200:United Kingdom
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1115:) to form the
1066:United Kingdom
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1011:
998:
997:
994:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
960:Isaaq genocide
957:
951:
945:
940:
934:
927:
917:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
864:
854:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
831:
830:(18th-19th c.)
825:
824:(17th-19th c.)
818:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
799:
798:(15th-16th c.)
796:Adal Sultanate
793:
792:(12th-15th c.)
790:Ifat Sultanate
787:
780:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
757:
752:
746:
745:(2500~2000 BC)
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
696:
695:
692:
691:
683:
682:
673:
672:
665:
658:
657:
655:
654:
623:
621:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
601:
591:
590:
583:
570:
567:
566:
561:
553:
552:
543:
535:
534:
529:
521:
520:
515:
503:
502:
497:
487:
486:
471:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
417:
414:
413:
410:
404:
401:
400:
397:
391:
388:
387:
384:
375:
372:
371:
368:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
311:
308:
307:
302:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
266:
265:
260:
255:
249:
247:
243:
242:
227:
223:
222:
197:
193:
192:
189:
181:
180:
148:
147:
129:
128:
115:
111:
104:
103:
97:Top: 1903β1950
93:
86:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
67:
66:
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6364:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6295:
6292:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6245:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6137:Mental health
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6008:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
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5734:
5731:
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5722:
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5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
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5694:
5690:
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5685:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5608:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Ajuran Empire
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5279:Supreme Court
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Ogo Mountains
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4784:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4392:
4388:
4377:
4376:Falklands War
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4307:South America
4304:
4300:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:Union Islands
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:Rupert's Land
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:Paulet affair
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3814:New Hampshire
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3802:New Brunswick
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3553:North America
3550:
3546:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3473:South Vietnam
3471:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2703:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2644:
2637:. p. 31.
2636:
2630:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2511:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2371:Mollo, p. 139
2368:
2361:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2318:9781781519820
2314:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2279:9781557534132
2275:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2186:
2180:Samatar p. 31
2177:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2124:1-874209-91-X
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2092:. p. 8.
2091:
2087:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2017:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1816:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1596:South African
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:Sheikh Bashir
1540:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1523:Sunnah prayer
1519:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:Customs taxes
1437:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:British India
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:(temporarily
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1000:
999:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
966:Peace process
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
924:
914:
913:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
861:
851:
850:
843:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
816:
811:
810:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:(9th-12th c.)
785:
782:
781:
778:
773:
772:
765:
761:
758:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
737:
732:
731:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
699:
694:
693:
689:
685:
684:
681:
675:
674:
669:
664:
663:
651:
650:
644:
641:
635:
634:
628:
625:
624:
622:
620:Today part of
618:
602:
600:
597:
593:
592:
584:
582:
579:
575:
574:
571:
565:
562:
555:
554:
551:
548:
544:
537:
536:
533:
530:
523:
522:
519:
516:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
488:
482:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
454:
450:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
424:
421:
415:
411:
408:
402:
399:3 August 1940
398:
395:
389:
385:
382:
379:
373:
369:
360:
356:
350:
346:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
309:
306:
303:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
248:
244:
238:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
210:
207:
202:
198:
194:
187:
182:
144:
138:
134:
130:
119:
108:
100:
90:
83:
75:
68:
61:
54:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6264:
6177:Architecture
6117:Demographics
6112:Coat of arms
6053:Oil industry
6028:Central Bank
5945:
5925:Human rights
5905:Constitution
5509:
5455:Land of Punt
5297:Architecture
5274:Calling code
5244:Demographics
5160:Central Bank
5048:
5028:Human rights
4998:Constitution
4939:Maroodi Jeex
4657:
4623:Land of Punt
4487:
4470:
4462:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4406:Saint Helena
4404:
4348:
4340:
4190:Cook Islands
4141:
4114:New Hebrides
4083:20th century
3999:West Florida
3984:
3970:
3902:Rhode Island
3880:Pennsylvania
3838:Newfoundland
3775:
3700:
3650:East Florida
3621:16th c.β1880
3610:
3562:
3459:Crown Colony
3447:Pulo Condore
3421:Crown Colony
3415:North Borneo
3288:
3247:Protectorate
3196:unrecognised
3190:in 1965 (as
3129:
3082:South Africa
3075:
3070:Sierra Leone
3057:Saint Helena
3055:
3050:Orange River
2928:Bechuanaland
2909:
2829:
2805:
2769:
2749:and Current
2689:
2671:
2660:the original
2643:
2634:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2584:
2574:
2565:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2518:
2509:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2481:
2474:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2416:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2359:
2354:
2344:11 September
2342:. Retrieved
2327:
2307:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2268:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2240:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2140:
2133:
2114:
2108:
2085:
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2058:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2028:
2016:
2003:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1935:
1902:. Retrieved
1873:. Retrieved
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1836:
1783:unrecognised
1764:
1755:
1740:
1718:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1692:
1612:
1609:
1601:
1589:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1551:
1528:
1494:
1482:World War II
1475:
1453:
1441:
1416:pith helmets
1400:British Army
1393:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1318:1911 map of
1295:
1252:
1197:
1111:(the former
1098:
1062:protectorate
1049:
1045:
1044:
922:(since 1960)
867:
815:Early modern
743:Land of Punt
647:
639:
631:
595:
577:
546:
500:Succeeded by
499:
494:
457:β’ 1904
425:26 June 1960
420:Independence
412:8 April 1941
370:20 July 1887
320:Douglas Hall
233:(until 1941)
199:Self-ruling
132:
114:(1903β1950)
40:
6286: /
6023:Agriculture
5930:LGBT rights
5846:Hirshabelle
5783:Middle Juba
5155:Agriculture
5125:Visa policy
4523:Anglosphere
4241:New Zealand
4150:New Zealand
4019:West Jersey
3934:Saint Lucia
3920:Saint Kitts
3914:Saint Croix
3894:1763β1791*
3862:Nova Scotia
3808:New England
3764:, 1691β1776
3731:East Jersey
3719:Connecticut
3598:Bay Islands
3485:Transjordan
3403:Mesopotamia
3241:Afghanistan
3235:Aden Colony
3020:Niger Coast
2986:) 1874β1957
2962:East Africa
2944:Cape Colony
2934:) 1884β1966
2924:) 1868β1966
2088:. Chicago:
1848:26 December
1721:Haji Bashir
1683:Ian Macleod
1404:khaki drill
1309:World War I
986:(1991-1997)
962:(1982-1990)
956:(1981-1991)
950:(1969-1991)
939:(1960-1969)
882:(1901-1910)
876:(1884-1920)
870:(1884-1960)
777:Middle Ages
712:(10,000 BC)
677:History of
495:Preceded by
485:(1941β1962)
477:(1884β1941)
240:(from 1941)
124:(1952β1960)
6301:Categories
6274:44Β°03β²17β³E
6271:09Β°33β²38β³N
6197:Literature
6060:(currency)
5964:Parliament
5920:Government
5856:Somaliland
5788:Lower Juba
5689:Buur Dhaab
5667:Iskushuban
5662:Waterfalls
5538:Rebellion
5520:Ogaden War
5443:Chronology
5312:Literature
5192:(currency)
5069:Parliament
5018:Government
4897:Dul Madoba
4892:Buur Dhaab
4865:Buur Dhaab
4833:Waterfalls
4606:Chronology
4586:Somaliland
4475:since 1908
4467:since 1908
4433:since 1833
4425:since 1816
4417:since 1815
4409:since 1658
4366:department
4353:since 1908
4345:since 1833
4146:since 1838
4126:Swan River
4120:Queensland
4007:1958β1962
3989:since 1666
3975:since 1799
3826:New Jersey
3796:New Albion
3780:since 1632
3777:Montserrat
3758:1629β1691
3705:since 1670
3627:1858β1866
3615:since 1619
3567:since 1650
3520:Bangladesh
3455:1841β1946
3417:1882β1963
3383:Federation
3361:1819β1826
3299:Seychelles
3243:1839β1842
3134:since 1816
3118:Tanganyika
3076:Somaliland
3064:Seychelles
3060:since 1658
2980:Gold Coast
2974:The Gambia
2918:Basutoland
2914:since 1815
2869:1800β1813
2859:Free State
2852:1542β1800
2838:Heligoland
2834:since 1713
2427:11 January
2290:25 October
2005:2 February
1969:2 February
1904:25 January
1812:References
1761:Somaliland
1687:D. B. Hall
1663:Somaliland
1617:Habr Je'lo
1531:Habr Je'lo
1434:Market in
1320:Somaliland
1228:Warsangeli
1224:Habr Je'lo
1204:Gadabuursi
1129:recognised
1121:Somaliland
1070:Somaliland
1068:in modern
1060:), was a
978:Somaliland
749:Macrobians
718:(5,000 BC)
698:Prehistory
679:Somaliland
643:Somaliland
447:Population
209:Protection
201:sultanates
36:Somaliland
6222:Languages
6127:Education
6058:Shilling
6033:Companies
5974:President
5937:Judiciary
5910:Elections
5758:Galguduud
5696:Mountains
5684:Cal Madow
5616:Geography
5551:Civil War
5450:Laas Geel
5349:Languages
5249:Education
5208:Transport
5190:Shilling
5170:Companies
5115:Ministers
5091:President
5040:Judiciary
5023:Embassies
5003:Elections
4887:Cal Madow
4877:Shimbiris
4872:Mountains
4855:Cal Madow
4792:Geography
4618:Dhambalin
4613:Laas Geel
4459:1841β1947
4446:1841β1933
4337:1831β1966
4331:1670β1688
4325:1651β1667
4319:1631β1641
4249:1914β1962
4243:1907β1947
4236:1901β1942
4234:Australia
4229:1900β1974
4223:1900β1970
4211:1893β1978
4204:1892β1979
4198:1889β1948
4192:1888β1901
4186:Rarotonga
4182:1884β1902
4176:1877β1976
4170:1874β1970
4164:1851β1901
4158:1846β1847
4152:1841β1907
4138:1836β1901
4132:1829β1901
4122:1824β1901
4116:1824β1980
4110:1807β1863
4104:1803β1901
4094:1788β1901
4027:1833β1960
4021:1674β1702
4013:1967β1983
4001:1763β1783
3995:1607β1776
3981:1849β1866
3967:1889β1962
3961:1862β1863
3955:1712β1776
3949:1635β1644
3943:1627β1979
3936:1605β1979
3929:1882β1983
3922:1623β1983
3916:1625β1650
3910:1670β1870
3904:1636β1776
3898:1853β1863
3888:1620β1691
3882:1681β1776
3876:1763β1873
3864:1713β1867
3858:1859β1870
3852:1712β1776
3846:1583β1907
3840:1907β1949
3834:1664β1776
3822:1637β1662
3820:New Haven
3816:1680β1776
3810:1686β1689
3804:1784β1867
3792:1628β1983
3786:1655β1860
3772:1632β1776
3746:1655β1962
3739:1733β1776
3733:1674β1702
3727:1701β1776
3721:1636β1776
3715:1818β1846
3697:1663β1712
3689:1867β1931
3683:1841β1867
3677:1791β1841
3671:1791β1841
3659:1762β1974
3652:1763β1783
3646:1763β1978
3640:1754β1820
3631:1866β1871
3607:1871β1981
3600:1643β1860
3594:1624β1966
3588:1670β1973
3581:1860β1981
3574:1632β1860
3499:1898β1930
3493:1892β1971
3487:1921β1946
3481:1826β1946
3475:1945β1946
3469:1946β1963
3467:Singapore
3461:1946β1963
3449:1702β1705
3443:1786β1946
3437:1923β1948
3435:Palestine
3423:1946β1963
3411:1891β1971
3405:1920β1932
3399:1762β1764
3393:1796β1965
3385:1948β1957
3379:1946β1948
3373:1885β1946
3367:1895β1946
3355:1848β1946
3349:1918β1961
3343:1811β1816
3337:1858β1947
3331:1841β1997
3329:Hong Kong
3325:1878β1960
3319:1795β1948
3313:1888β1984
3307:1824β1948
3295:Mauritius
3285:1874β1963
3273:1757β1947
3267:1812β1824
3257:1685β1824
3255:Bencoolen
3249:1879β1919
3237:1839β1967
3152:1887β1897
3146:1890β1963
3140:1890β1962
3126:1900β1910
3124:Transvaal
3120:1922β1961
3114:1899β1956
3108:1893β1968
3106:Swaziland
3102:1900β1914
3090:1915β1931
3084:1910β1931
3078:1884β1960
3072:1792β1961
3066:1903β1976
3052:1900β1910
3046:1891β1964
3044:Nyasaland
3040:1924β1964
3034:1900β1914
3028:1914β1960
3022:1884β1900
3016:1856β1910
3010:1810β1968
3008:Mauritius
3004:1807β1808
2998:1862β1906
2992:1920β1963
2976:1816β1965
2970:1882β1922
2964:1895β1920
2958:1891β1907
2952:1806β1910
2946:1795β1803
2940:1919β1961
2938:Cameroons
2875:1813β1964
2861:1921β1931
2846:1809β1864
2840:1807β1890
2831:Gibraltar
2826:1878β1960
2820:1794β1796
2774:*Current
2601:0031-2746
2358:Samatar,
2221:Samatar,
2198:Samatar,
1894:"Somalia"
1725:Aden Adde
1412:bandolier
1212:Habr Awal
1107:with the
1082:Abyssinia
722:Dhaymoole
716:Dhambalin
710:Laas Gaal
386:1900β1920
381:rebellion
272:Religion
72:1941β1960
70:1884β1940
6244:Category
6212:Religion
6149:Polygamy
6122:Diaspora
5954:Military
5884:Politics
5861:Puntland
5851:Jubaland
5836:Galmudug
5813:Togdheer
5743:Banaadir
5672:Lamadaya
5642:Wildlife
5588:Military
5583:Maritime
5576:By topic
5427:articles
5371:Category
5327:Religion
5165:Airports
5057:Military
4977:Politics
4959:Togdheer
4838:Lamadaya
4823:Wildlife
4764:Military
4759:Maritime
4752:By topic
4590:articles
4534:Category
4370:Colombia
4285:Kiribati
4162:Victoria
4102:Tasmania
3993:Virginia
3959:Stickeen
3947:Saybrook
3886:Plymouth
3832:New York
3770:Maryland
3762:Province
3725:Delaware
3695:Carolina
3687:Dominion
3681:Province
3644:Dominica
3592:Barbados
3564:Anguilla
3535:disputed
3516:Pakistan
3391:Maldives
3265:Billiton
3192:Rhodesia
3178:Tanzania
3174:Cameroon
3150:Zululand
3144:Zanzibar
2932:Botswana
2702:Archived
2700:. 2019.
2679:Archived
2613:Archived
2528:Archived
2487:Archived
2464:Archived
2459:Wavell,
2421:Archived
2338:Archived
2284:Archived
2251:27 March
2206:Archived
2063:Archived
2059:BBC News
2033:Archived
1963:Archived
1898:Archived
1869:Archived
1731:Politics
1554:Wadamago
1436:Hargeisa
1390:in 1913.
1382:between
1216:Garhajis
1090:Italians
751:(525 BC)
668:a series
666:Part of
649:de facto
470:Currency
283:Governor
237:Hargeisa
6192:Cuisine
6169:Culture
6090:Society
6071:Tourism
6011:Economy
5900:Cabinet
5841:Khatumo
5725:Regions
5637:Climate
5435:History
5423:Somalia
5307:Cuisine
5289:Culture
5259:Library
5222:Society
5203:Tourism
5143:Economy
4993:Cabinet
4926:Regions
4904:Islands
4818:Geology
4813:Climate
4598:History
4525:culture
4279:Vanuatu
4069:Oceania
3744:Jamaica
3737:Georgia
3657:Grenada
3612:Bermuda
3586:Bahamas
3572:Antigua
3453:Sarawak
3165:Namibia
3026:Nigeria
3002:Madeira
2922:Lesotho
2881:Minorca
2850:Ireland
2818:Corsica
2745:Former
2609:3600720
2551:Laashin
2461:p. 2724
2362:, p. 39
2069:20 June
2039:20 June
1934:(ed.).
1875:27 July
1785:by any
1584:Erigavo
1570:Berbera
1539:Erigavo
1451:Coast.
1449:Red Sea
1420:puggree
1408:puttees
1388:Odweyne
1384:Berbera
1324:Somalia
1298:Dervish
1147:History
1137:Somalia
1064:of the
838:Berbera
764:Mosylon
736:Ancient
633:de jure
627:Somalia
461:153,018
418:β’
405:β’
392:β’
378:Dervish
376:β’
363:β’
330:History
299:(first)
263:English
230:Berbera
226:Capital
206:British
133:Anthem:
6254:Portal
6217:Sports
6187:Cinema
6132:Health
6102:Anthem
5828:States
5773:Sanaag
5738:Bakool
5708:Island
5701:Bahaya
5632:Cities
5593:Postal
5546:Piracy
5425:
5381:Portal
5332:Sports
5234:Anthem
5180:Energy
5120:Mayors
4949:Sanaag
4944:Saaxil
4808:Cities
4769:Postal
4588:
4544:Portal
4364:Now a
4335:Guiana
4289:Tuvalu
3892:Quebec
3664:Canada
3605:Belize
3497:Weihai
3441:Penang
3429:Padang
3359:Malaya
3353:Labuan
3347:Kuwait
3323:Cyprus
3317:Ceylon
3311:Brunei
3283:Borneo
3277:Bhutan
3271:Bengal
3207:Zambia
3138:Uganda
2900:Africa
2873:Colony
2824:Cyprus
2812:Cyprus
2796:Europe
2762:Legend
2656:London
2619:2 June
2607:
2599:
2534:31 May
2493:2 June
2315:
2276:
2148:
2121:
2096:
1675:London
1647:, and
1605:Badhan
1592:Indian
1577:Sharia
1547:Somali
1525:, 1920
1302:Sayyid
1192:Sultan
1131:as an
1105:united
1054:Somali
992:(2001)
980:(1991)
974:(1991)
968:(1991)
933:(1960)
906:(1945)
900:(1941)
894:(1922)
888:(1920)
842:Bulhar
670:on the
333:
314:(last)
287:
258:Arabic
253:Somali
203:under
196:Status
135:
60:Somali
56:
6207:Music
6202:Media
6159:Women
5798:Nugal
5793:Mudug
5778:Hiran
5733:Awdal
5657:Hafun
5342:Games
5322:Music
5317:Media
5185:Ports
4934:Awdal
4916:Caves
4882:Golis
4628:Malao
4287:and *
4253:Nauru
4247:Samoa
4221:Tonga
4180:Papua
3790:Nevis
3675:Upper
3669:Lower
3512:India
3377:Union
3335:India
3305:Burma
3261:Banka
3112:Sudan
3014:Natal
2996:Lagos
2990:Kenya
2984:Ghana
2968:Egypt
2705:(PDF)
2698:(PDF)
2663:(PDF)
2652:(PDF)
2605:JSTOR
2225:p. 42
1999:(PDF)
1988:(PDF)
1930:. In
1625:Zeila
1558:Burao
1535:Burao
1359:Taleh
1287:Taleh
1178:Isaaq
1123:, an
834:Zeila
760:Malao
596:1960:
578:1940:
547:1941:
474:Rupee
276:Islam
122:Badge
112:Badge
6144:Flag
5991:List
5979:List
5946:Xeer
5942:Law
5768:Sool
5763:Gedo
5748:Bari
5337:Team
5254:Flag
5108:List
5096:List
5049:Xeer
5045:Law
5033:LGBT
4954:Sool
4283:Now
4277:Now
4227:Niue
4168:Fiji
3870:1843
3798:1579
3518:and
3510:Now
3341:Java
3297:and
3263:and
3225:Asia
3205:Now
3163:Now
2621:2021
2597:ISSN
2536:2021
2495:2021
2429:2014
2346:2014
2313:ISBN
2292:2020
2274:ISBN
2253:2010
2146:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2071:2018
2041:2008
2007:2010
1971:2010
1906:2011
1877:2021
1850:2013
1594:and
1545:, a
1537:and
1470:and
1394:The
1386:and
1322:and
1256:Aden
1236:Aden
1226:and
1220:Arap
1208:Issa
1080:and
439:1904
434:Area
357:1886
347:1884
95:Flag
6182:Art
6043:EEZ
5753:Bay
5302:Art
5175:EEZ
4368:of
2589:doi
1480:in
1135:of
6303::
3514:,
2654:.
2611:.
2603:.
2595:.
2583:.
2415:.
2403:^
2282:.
2239:.
2154:.
2057:.
2027:.
1990:.
1961:.
1955:.
1914:^
1896:.
1885:^
1867:.
1753:.
1716:.
1685:,
1643:,
1639:,
1572:.
1458:.
1342:.
1311:.
1263:.
1250:.
1218:,
1214:,
1210:,
1206:,
1096:.
1076:,
1056::
5948:)
5944:(
5415:e
5408:t
5401:v
5051:)
5047:(
4578:e
4571:t
4564:v
4499:.
4457:)
4444:)
4239:*
4232:*
4207:*
4188:/
4128:/
4100:/
4062:e
4055:t
4048:v
3939:*
3932:*
3925:*
3742:*
3711:/
3662:*
3655:*
3603:*
3584:*
3577:*
3570:*
3301:)
3180:.
2982:(
2930:(
2920:(
2814:)
2738:e
2731:t
2724:v
2623:.
2591::
2553:.
2538:.
2497:.
2431:.
2348:.
2321:.
2294:.
2255:.
2127:.
2102:.
2073:.
2043:.
2009:.
1973:.
1908:.
1879:.
1852:.
1438:.
1222:,
1052:(
1034:e
1027:t
1020:v
652:)
646:(
640:β
636:)
630:(
62:)
58:(
38:.
20:)
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