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find suitable landing points, discover
Italian defensive preparations and find potential landing grounds for their aircraft. With fire support from the cruisers and destroyers, the invasion force was to land on beaches between reefs to the east and west of Berbera, create a bridgehead and then re-occupy the protectorate. The air photographs obtained were an incomplete set and the Navy considered that towing vessels from Aden was risky because the tows could part and delay the voyage. In poor visibility finding Berbera could not be guaranteed and approaching an unsurveyed, hostile and dark shore at night, then finding gaps in the reefs wide enough to tow through the lighters was a gamble. The importance of Berbera to the British offensive against Italian Somaliland and Ethiopia was such that the risks were accepted. On the three nights before the landings, the RAF bombed the big Italian base at
1404:, the former commander of the Somaliland Camel Corps was appointed Military Governor. The Italians had abandoned Zeila on 18 March and a retired Somali police inspector uncovered a hidden British flag, raised it and began to collect abandoned Italian arms and equipment. On 23 March a Somaliland police officer landed and recalled the local police. The Somaliland Camel Corps had been disbanded after the British evacuation and by the time British returned to the headquarters in Burao on 18 April, 80 per cent of the former members had made their way to Berbera. On 4 May a company of the corps began a mission to suppress a Mijjertein raiding party, the rest of the corps conducting disarmament operations with a motley of captured Italian weapons and equipment.
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1339:, from whence two armoured cars drove to Berbera along the road from Hargeisa and joined with the Aden Striking Force. The Italian 70th Colonial Brigade became one of the many units of the Italian colonial forces in the AOI that had begun to desert en masse. When Bertello was captured in Western Abyssinia, he claimed that his brigade had "melted away". On 21 March, Lieutenant-General
1376:. Within the week, the 11th African Division was receiving supplies through Berbera, shortening by 500 mi (805 km) its supply line. In 2016, Andrew Stewart, in "The First Victory..." wrote that the British ascribed the success of Appearance to the extent of the preparations and training. He speculated that the use of ships as floating piers might have influenced the use of
1335:, cutting the road to Harar, the Italian line of retreat from the protectorate. On 19 March, Brigadier Buchanan and a staff officer arrived by air at Berbera to take command of Bucforce, a temporary name for the 2nd South African Infantry Brigade, most of which had sailed from Mombasa on 16 March and was due on 22 March. On 20 March, a party of Nigerian troops reached
799:
and the plan to re-capture
British Somaliland was intended to create a much closer supply route from Berbera for the southern invasion force. The port was rudimentary but improvements could quickly be effected. Aosta, the Italian commander of the AOI was convinced by February that an invasion of the colony was imminent.
1431:, demand for labour increased; payment in wages and in food acted as an economic stimulus and local businessmen immediately made use of the sea traffic to and from Berbera; a return to normal conditions did not occur Zeila and Boramo, near the border with French Somaliland, due to the need to blockade the pro-
789:
concocted
Operation Camilla, a deception to mislead the Italians about the transfer of troops to Sudan. The operation was intended to convince the Italians that the troops movements were part of a plan to invade British Somaliland in February 1941 and then advance on Harar. Wavell wrote in a document
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drastically weakened the
British strategic position in the Middle East and East Africa. The closure of the Mediterranean to British sea traffic left only the 13,000 mi (21,000 km) voyage around Africa, to supply the British forces in the Middle East. On the eve of the Italian declaration of
1417:
Many of the buildings in
Berbera had been damaged, government stations demolished and the civilian wireless and telephone networks were out of action. Army signals units had to carry civilian administration messages until the infrastructure had been restored. The economy of the protectorate had been
1269:
The sun was just peeping over the eastern skyline we came under rifle fire...when to our utter amazement we saw the
Italian enemy leaping out of their trenches and racing towards transport vehicles....The vehicles started up and the entire enemy column high-tailed in a great cloud of yellowish grey
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A diversion to the east of
Berbera was engaged by sixty members of the garrison but the landing party suffered only one Somali soldier killed and a British officer wounded. A wireless message sent to London that "The British flag flies again over Berbera" but the invaders had forgotten to bring one
798:
The document purported
Operation Canvas, the invasion of Italian Somaliland and Ethiopia from Kenya, to be a diversion; it was sent to the local commanders in East Africa using means by which the British expected it to leak to the Italians. The main invasion from Kenya required a huge supply effort
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skirmished with the
Italians as they advanced and the central column attacked Hargeisa with infantry and light tanks covered by artillery and air attacks. A Rhodesian infantry company blocking the road retreated, after knocking out three light tanks, while the main British force slowly retired from
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departed; air cover continued until 20 March). The Shaad and customs piers had been damaged but could be repaired with local materials; demolitions at the power station and refrigerating plant required assistance from Aden to make them operational. The water supply was about to be blown up but the
548:
provided Force D, comprising two cruisers, two destroyers and a collection of adapted troop transports. To deceive the
Italians in Ethiopia about British intentions in East Africa, Operation Camilla was leaked, suggesting that troop movements to Sudan were for an invasion of British Somaliland and
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was bracketed by three 4-inch shells but the landing was carried out without loss against scant opposition. The 2nd Punjab Regiment landed and advanced through the 15th Punjab towards the town, as a party of the 15th Punjab moved inland to cut the coast road. All of the troops involved got ashore
958:
Training began in January, ships were converted to carry troops, two of the lighters, designed by the Sea Transport Officer, Aden, Commander Vernon were to be used as floating piers, fitted with ramps to ease the unloading of the MT, including armoured cars. The RAF flew reconnaissance sorties to
780:
After the retreat to Aden, the British established Military Mission No. 106 (Hamilton's Mission) to conduct sabotage and subversion operations in occupied British Somaliland. The former Senior Administrative Officer of the protectorate, Reginald Smith, made several secret journeys to the land to
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The Italian garrison made a precipitate retreat back to Ethiopia and local troops deserted en masse. In a few days, Berbera was developed to receive troops and supplies for the operations against Ethiopia, reducing the supply distance to the fighting front by 500 mi (805 km). A British
727:
took place from 11 to 15 August. The Italians had achieved air superiority by 6 August and the defenders held the gap against Italian attacks for 72 hours, eventually running out of ammunition. Italian artillery superiority led to the defenders gradually being overwhelmed. By the time that the
1246:
Anticipating a British landing, the Duke of Aosta, the Viceroy of the AOI, had agreed to the evacuation of the protectorate. On 14 March the Italian garrison began to evacuate the territory and the 17th Colonial Brigade retired to Dire Dawa. The 70th Colonial Brigade remained, except for its
794:...the loss of British Somaliland has always rankled bitterly between my government and myself. I got a rocket from the government and nearly lost my job at the time.... I have orders to recapture it as soon as resources are available and am most anxious to remove this blot on my reputation.
1422:
were available. There was little food in the territory but the livestock herd had increased since 1939 and had suffered little from the Italians. The fall of Addis Ababa restored confidence, internal trade resumed and by the autumn the export trade had revived. Once Berbera replaced
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on 16 March. The British and Indian troops suffered few casualties and over 100 prisoners were taken. Due to a mistake, the Aden Pioneers, who were unarmed, had been ordered to attack with the Punjabis and their commander, Captain S. J. H. Harrison wrote later,
1211:
During the disembarkations shells burst among the tows and ships offshore, thought to be from four to six 4-inch guns and some ineffectual machine-gun fire; the 6-inch, 4-inch and pom-poms of the bombardment ships silenced the Italian artillery.
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although the reconnaissance photographs had shown this to be the harder of the two to find. The delay led to apprehension by Colonel Pollock and Captain Hickling (the captain of Glasgow) that the landing might occur in daylight.
722:
The main Italian force advanced in the centre from Hargeisa along the road to Berbera, only slightly delayed by road demolitions and improvised land mines. British troops in advanced positions were withdrawn on 10 August and the
1171:. The fisherman said that Italians still occupied the town but some had left by lorry that night; there were Italians near the Berbera Light. The Somali was sent to find the gap in the reefs but Vernon found it at
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stopped and launched a motor boat and skiff for Commander Vernon to use to find the gap in the reef off the western beach. The gap was hard to find and there was a delay of 63 minutes in landing the first tows.
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The landing force was well established ashore with adequate stores and rations, local water being available. Air reconnaissance reported the hinterland to be deserted (naval protection ended on 18 March when
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on the border, from where two armoured cars captured Hargeisa, linking up with the forces at Berbera. The combined force they moved on to occupy the colony, meeting virtually no resistance.
1187:. The fire from the 4-inch main armament was that used for E-boat attack, with half the shells bursting on impact and the other half bursting 50 ft (15 m) over the target, until
694:(Boorama). The Italian invasion force moved in three widely dispersed columns, co-ordinated by wireless and liaison aircraft. The main (central) Italian column advanced from the region of
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1316:
600:
became a threat to the British and French holds on their colonies in East Africa. Italian forces in Eritrea endangered British sea routes along the coast of East Africa, to the
340:
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troops in Italian service and their Italian officers and NCOs retreated from Berbera towards Hargeisa. The first wave, comprising the 15th Punjab Regiment, was carried by
1347:, visited to congratulate the victors, to make arrangements for the expansion of the port facilities and announce the establishment of a British military administration.
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occupation troops prevented it. Mining of the aerodrome had been carried out and the RAF was informed. The landing force sent 43 Italian prisoners of war to Aden in
975:
but only 10 nmi (12 mi; 19 km) out, tows parted, some wrapping around the ships' propellers. To keep to the schedule a quick change of plan was made;
333:
1898:. Official History of the Indian Armed Forces In the Second World War (online ed.). Delhi: Combined Inter-Services Historical Section (India & Pakistan).
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1331:(Brava), south of Mogadishu in Italian Somaliland. On 25 February the division departed Mogadishu and on 17 March, patrols of the 3rd (Nigerian) Brigade reached
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had been sent to command the forces in British Somaliland and on 14 August, judged that the situation at Tug Argan was irretrievable and was instructed by the
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Force D was unloading; the special motor transport pier consisting of the two modified lighters was assembled at the spit and motor transport unloaded from
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and M.L. 109 were to land the 1/2 and 3/15 Punjab at Main Beach, 2 nmi (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) west of Berbera Light covered by a bombardment from
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that a diversionary operation would come from Kenya in the south. In Operation Canvas, the real invasion plan, Kenya was the base for the main invasion.
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and M.L. 109 moved forward at 20 kn (23 mph; 37 km/h) towards Berbera Light and to find the gaps in the reefs off the landing beaches.
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2008:. US title: A Genius for Deception: How Cunning Helped the British Win Two World Wars, Oxford University Press, New York. London: Faber & Faber.
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arrived by sea from Kenya, the third battalion arriving two weeks later, after making a road march with the brigade transport. On 8 April, Brigadier
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which would be showing a red light out to sea. During the approach lights were seen ashore from vehicles on the Hargeisa Road, bound for Berbera. At
247:
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The Abyssinian Campaigns: The Official Story of the Conquest of Italian East Africa. (Issued for the War Office by The Ministry of Information)
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commander, Brigadier-General Arturo Bertello who passed through Dire Dawa just before it was captured. When the naval bombardment began, about
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with the three tugs and six lighters in tow, were about midway between Aden and Berbera, moving at 6 kn (6.9 mph; 11 km/h).
840:(1895–1947), which had fought in the colony during the Italian invasion, a Somali commando detachment and the 1401/1402 (Aden) Companies,
4957:
4024:
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3880:
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3125:
1926:]. Oscar Mondadori; Oscar storia, 33, 41, 44 (in Italian) (ebook ed.). Milano: Italians in East Africa The Fall of the Empire.
1053:, which carried the (mostly Somali) 200-man Commando of Force G (R) who were to make the subsidiary landing east of Berbera, covered by
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had taken place seven months previously, in August 1940. The British had withdrawn from the protectorate after a delaying action at the
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and had to borrow it from a resident. RAF fighters provided a standing patrol on the day of the invasion and for the next four days.
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Tows moved through the gaps to the eastern and western beaches, success signals coming from at the western beach was made at
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to tow. The naval ships went ahead to make rendezvous 10 nmi (12 mi; 19 km) north of the Berbera Light at
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711:(Saylac), not far from French Somaliland and then slowly advanced the 150 mi (240 km) down the coast road to
670:
Map showing the Italian invasion of the British Somaliland Protectorate (3–19 August 1940) and adjacent territories of
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on 17 March some aircraft were heard and a barrage was fired; no further Italian aircraft were seen during the day.
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and the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940, had repercussions among British leaders. It led Prime Minister
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greatly harmed by the war, internal trade had stopped, there were no regular shipping services with Aden and only
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wrote that the port was quickly prepared, despite a shortage of lighters, no electric lights, the heat and the
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The second echelon ships had arrived by the time that Berbera fell and tugs checked the harbour for mines with
728:
northern Italian column reached Bulhar, the defence of the Tug Argan gap had begun to collapse. Major-General
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on 16 March, the Berbera Light was seen on a bearing 186° at 3 nmi (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) distance.
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1971:
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2072:] (in German). Translated by Masters, D. (2nd rev. ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
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According to a contemporary account, on 20 March, a small motorised column of Nigerian troops occupied
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Dust Clouds in the Middle East: The Air War for East Africa, Iran, Syria, Iran and Madagascar, 1940–42
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to withdraw from the protectorate (Wavell was in Britain). The garrison retreated to Berbera and by
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1967:
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525:, the British commander in the Middle East, which culminated in Wavell's sacking on 20 June 1941.
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Topographical map of post-war Somalia, the former protectorate of British Somaliland to the north
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1980:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (4th ed.).
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938:, carrying troops and towing three tugs and six lighters. The second wave of Force D comprised
848:(MT) would be transported 140 nmi (160 mi; 260 km) across the Gulf of Aden. The
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on the morning of 19 August; Italian forces entered Berbera that evening. The British suffered
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1947:. South African Forces, World War II. Vol. I (online ed.). Cape Town, SA: Purnell.
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After the Italian garrison fled, a prisoner of war camp was built, eventually big enough for
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British Military Administration of Occupied Territories in Africa during the Years 1941–1947
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624:(British Kenya) were vulnerable to attacks from the AOI. The collapse in France and the
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on the day of the landings, as the hospital ship Karapara which was not needed. About
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on 15 March. The second echelon sailed an hour later and rendezvoused as planned. At
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18 August, most of the contingent had been evacuated to Aden, with the HQ sailing in
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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
1057:. The ships were to close on the coast at 12 kn (14 mph; 22 km/h).
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military administration was imposed on the protectorate, the local police and the
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before dawn. Little opposition was met with ashore and the town was captured by
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2208:(2nd. pbk. Grafton Books , London ed.). London: Oxford University Press.
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Force D was to conduct the voyage in two parts, the advanced part comprising
820:) to re-capture Berbera and expand it into a bridgehead sufficient to supply
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the town. On the same day, the northern invasion column captured the port of
203:
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to accommodate Italian prisoners taken in the region. Two battalions of the
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troops had crossed the Ethiopian–British Somaliland frontier at Biyad, near
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Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
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the signal "Land, follow Glasgow's boats" was given and four minutes later
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588:, Italian military forces commanded by the viceroy and governor general of
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mainly engaged trenches near the Berbera Light and west of the aerodrome.
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were re-established, civilians were disarmed and the economy was revived.
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On 3 August 1940, British reconnaissance aircraft discovered that about
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Official Despatch: Operations in East Africa November 1940 – July 1941
2049:(repr. Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut ed.). London: HMSO.
719:(Bulaxaar), about 50 mi (80 km) from Berbera, on 17 August.
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in Aden trained for a prospective invasion of British Somaliland. The
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The First Victory: The Second World War and the East Africa Campaign
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in Italian Ethiopia, crossed the border south of Borama and reached
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Battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom
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Air War East Africa 1940–1941: The RAF Versus the Italian Air Force
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began to bombard the main beach with H.E. from its 4-inch guns and
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were to contribute Force D (Captain Harold Hickling), the cruisers
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601:
47:
2006:
Churchill's Wizards: The British Genius for Deception, 1914–1945
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The Italian occupation had lasted seven months; in the British
1332:
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906:, R.I.N.), the troop transports S.S. Beaconsfield and Tuna and
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in British Kenya, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and British Somaliland.
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Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship
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The British made use of such resources as were available to
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1981:
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Military history of British Somaliland during World War II
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received the order to begin landing on the eastern beach.
513:. This withdrawal, after the disastrous conclusion of the
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separated from the force and made for the eastern beach;
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On 10 June 1940, when Italy declared war on Britain and
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1691:
1525:
1513:
1498:
2922:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1920:
Gli italiani in Africa Orientale La caduta dell'Impero
1706:
1220:
concentrated on the defences to the east of the town.
1790:
1718:
1667:
1655:
1549:
1151:
found their gap in the reef off the eastern beach at
2167:
An Improvised War: The Ethiopian Campaign, 1940–1941
1778:
1730:
1845:
1537:
1482:List of British military equipment of World War II
2241:
2189:Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence
1451:Reinforcements later increased this to a peak of
528:British, Empire and Commonwealth forces from the
5553:
2063:
1619:
1599:
1583:
556:at Berbera on 16 March 1941, taking the port by
552:Force D and the Aden Striking Force conducted a
1924:Italians in East Africa: The Fall of the Empire
971:On 14 March the first echelon departed Aden at
1487:List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
1372:(autumn wind) blowing sand and increasing the
176:
2276:
2064:Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992) .
1255:which towed a tug and barge for the landing.
828:of the Aden Striking Force, comprising the 1/
638:
629:war, the Italian colonies in East Africa had
589:
341:
2191:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus.
1892:Collins, D. J. E. (1964). Prasad, B. (ed.).
573:
633:members of the armed forces and police and
2283:
2269:
1241:Photograph of the Berbera landscape (2012)
1167:a Somali fisherman in a canoe rowed up to
348:
334:
2183:
1319:had been placed under the command of the
1917:
1700:
1406:
1159:The landing at the eastern beach due at
769:
2203:
2086:
1891:
1839:
1811:
1760:
1748:
1724:
1712:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1634:
1607:
1567:
1555:
1531:
1519:
1507:
991:on 16 March according to the plan. The
950:and M.L. 109, all transporting troops.
194:
5554:
4130:
4108:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2246:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation.
2222:
2164:
2134:
2003:
1587:
1571:
1412:Dhow sailing in the Indian Ocean, 2009
842:Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps Group
580:Italian conquest of British Somaliland
507:Italian conquest of British Somaliland
279:Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps Group
4979:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4411:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4057:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4013:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3118:Rape during the occupation of Germany
2264:
2022:
1944:East African and Abyssinian Campaigns
1940:
1784:
1736:
1603:
1543:
1118:were to arrive off the west beach at
781:glean information. In Cairo, General
359:East African campaign of World War II
329:
5562:East African campaign (World War II)
4101:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3133:Rape during the liberation of France
2242:Sutherland, J.; Canwell, D. (2009).
2144:. London Gazette. pp. 3527–3599
2105:
2041:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1815:
1796:
1387:
765:
46:Indian soldiers at the Recapture of
1270:dust...southwards...to Hargeisa....
734:General Officer Commanding-in-Chief
652:
13:
4327:German invasion of the Netherlands
2607:Weather events during World War II
2158:
14:
5603:
4958:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2066:Chronik des Seekrieges, 1939–1945
5518:
2290:
1230:
659:
596:(AOI, Italian East Africa), the
493:(16 March – 8 April 1941) was a
212:
196:
178:
165:
151:
40:
1895:The Royal Indian Navy 1939–1945
1458:
1317:22nd East African Brigade Group
1313:1st South African Brigade Group
979:left the tugs and lighters for
953:
499:British Somaliland Protectorate
5205:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2915:Territorial changes of Germany
2823:Indonesian National Revolution
1445:
521:to lose confidence in General
283:70th Colonial Infantry Brigade
1:
4605:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4556:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4320:German invasion of Luxembourg
2701:Mediterranean and Middle East
1884:
1327:. The division advanced from
1001:was sent from Aden to assist
894:, Royal Indian Navy trawlers
568:
4512:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4201:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3519:Independent State of Croatia
1620:Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992
1600:Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992
1584:Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992
1492:
1350:
1325:3rd (Nigerian) Brigade Group
1207:and at the eastern beach at
277:1401/1402 (Aden) Companies,
244:Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
7:
5496:End of World War II in Asia
5336:Western invasion of Germany
4843:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4820:Second Battle of El Alamein
4390:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4362:Battle of the Mediterranean
4215:Italian invasion of Albania
2389:Air warfare of World War II
2135:Wavell, A. (10 July 1946).
1475:
1355:
1077:
1072:
645:. In July, the British had
10:
5608:
5567:1941 in British Somaliland
5422:Naval bombardment of Japan
4790:First Battle of El Alamein
4709:Battle of Christmas Island
4654:Japanese invasion of Burma
4418:Italian invasion of Greece
4334:German invasion of Belgium
4306:German invasion of Denmark
4279:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
4148:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2412:Comparative military ranks
1223:
852:, comprising ships of the
802:
730:Alfred Reade Godwin-Austen
577:
275:Somali commando detachment
5511:
5343:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5283:
5274:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
5011:
4898:Allied invasion of Sicily
4852:
4758:Aleutian Islands campaign
4730:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4677:
4668:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4563:Second Battle of Changsha
4468:German invasion of Greece
4436:
4313:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
4288:
4226:
4121:
4002:
3728:
3638:
3486:
3189:
3180:
2938:
2763:
2655:North and Central Pacific
2616:
2378:
2371:
2298:
2091:. Yale University Press.
1570:, pp. 116, 137–138;
1398:2nd South African Brigade
1199:bombarded the beach from
966:
886:, the auxiliary cruisers
626:Armistice of 22 June 1940
592:Africa Orientale Italiana
574:Strategic situation, 1940
404:British Somaliland (1941)
377:British Somaliland (1940)
367:
317:
312:
308:Colonial infantry brigade
287:
253:
228:
143:
54:
39:
27:
22:
4935:Allied invasion of Italy
4912:Solomon Islands campaign
4661:Third Battle of Changsha
4258:First Battle of Changsha
4164:Second Sino-Japanese War
3104:German military brothels
2970:United States war crimes
2165:Glover, Michael (1987).
2087:Stewart, Andrew (2016).
1438:
5357:Second Guangxi campaign
5212:Philippines (1944–1945)
4716:Battle of the Coral Sea
4619:Fall of the Philippines
4265:Battle of South Guangxi
4171:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3577:Italian Social Republic
2227:. London: Grub Street.
1970:; et al. (1957) .
1321:11th (African) Division
807:
62:16 March – 8 April 1941
4942:Armistice of Cassibile
4744:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4695:Battle of the Java Sea
4598:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4498:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4491:Battle of South Shanxi
4461:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4244:Battle of the Atlantic
3858:Korean Liberation Army
3571:(until September 1943)
3528:(until September 1944)
3506:(until September 1944)
1918:Del Boca, A. (2001) .
1414:
1272:
796:
777:
759:wounded; the Italians
704:Somaliland Camel Corps
639:
590:
563:Somaliland Camel Corps
501:against troops of the
229:Commanders and leaders
5106:Second Battle of Guam
5002:Bengal famine of 1943
4972:Second Battle of Kiev
4928:Battle of the Dnieper
4633:Battle of Wake Island
4505:East African campaign
4447:Battle of South Henan
4092:atrocities by Germans
3865:Korean Volunteer Army
2846:Occupation of Germany
2600:Music in World War II
2204:Mockler, A. (1987) .
2027:. London: Brassey's.
2023:Raugh, H. E. (1993).
1410:
1267:
1163:was also delayed; at
1122:and drop anchor near
792:
773:
738:Henry Maitland Wilson
637:Ethiopian and Somali
313:Casualties and losses
268:11th African Division
30:East African Campaign
5392:Surrender of Germany
4870:Battle of West Hubei
4827:Guadalcanal campaign
4797:Battle of Stalingrad
4723:Battle of Madagascar
3497:Albania protectorate
3284:(formerly Swaziland)
2993:Wehrmacht war crimes
2809:Expulsion of Germans
2593:Art and World War II
2491:British contribution
2440:Governments in exile
2206:Haile Selassie's War
2004:Rankin, N. (2009) .
1828:Playfair et al. 1957
1814:, pp. 138–140;
1773:Playfair et al. 1957
1652:, pp. 139, 138.
930:and the cargo ships
834:15th Punjab Regiment
610:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
491:Operation Appearance
301:2 auxiliary cruisers
272:15th Punjab Regiment
132:Re-establishment of
23:Operation Appearance
5482:Potsdam Declaration
5371:Italy (Spring 1945)
5134:Liberation of Paris
4591:Siege of Sevastopol
3609:(until August 1944)
3512:Wang Jingwei regime
3334:from September 1943
3294:from September 1944
3232:from September 1944
3092:Romanian war crimes
3083:Persecution of Jews
3069:Croatian war crimes
3039:Japanese war crimes
2853:Occupation of Japan
2802:First Indochina War
2514:Military production
2426:Declarations of war
2223:Shores, C. (1996).
1878:, pp. 180–182.
1866:, pp. 180–181.
1842:, pp. 139–140.
1775:, pp. 416–418.
1751:, pp. 138–140.
1574:, pp. 316–317.
1343:, commander of the
838:British Indian Army
830:2nd Punjab Regiment
814:British Forces Aden
787:Middle East Command
725:Battle of Tug Argan
511:Battle of Tug Argan
467:East Indies Station
441:Associated articles
264:2nd Punjab Regiment
260:1st Punjab Regiment
220:Italian East Africa
99: /
76:Italian East Africa
72:Somalia Governorate
5475:Surrender of Japan
5308:Battle of Iwo Jima
5157:Belgrade offensive
4570:Siege of Leningrad
4454:Battle of Shanggao
4383:British Somaliland
4348:Dunkirk evacuation
4299:Norwegian campaign
4237:Invasion of Poland
4064:Japanese prisoners
3032:Italian war crimes
2963:British war crimes
2878:Soviet occupations
2662:South-West Pacific
2549:Allied cooperation
2507:Military equipment
2185:Mackenzie, Compton
1968:Playfair, I. S. O.
1941:Orpen, N. (1968).
1763:, pp. 50, 49.
1415:
1345:East African Force
1185:2-pounder pom-poms
816:(Air Vice-Marshal
778:
680:Italian Somaliland
618:British Somaliland
134:British Somaliland
81:British Somaliland
5592:April 1941 events
5587:March 1941 events
5572:Conflicts in 1941
5549:
5548:
5507:
5506:
5350:Battle of Okinawa
5249:Burma (1944–1945)
5083:Mariana and Palau
4863:Tunisian campaign
4688:Fall of Singapore
4612:Fall of Hong Kong
4355:Battle of Britain
4208:Operation Himmler
4117:
4116:
3781:Dutch East Indies
3424:Southern Rhodesia
3176:
3175:
3076:Genocide of Serbs
2979:German war crimes
2956:Soviet war crimes
2949:Allied war crimes
2795:Division of Korea
2774:Chinese Civil War
2572:Strategic bombing
2484:Manhattan Project
2253:978-1-84468-804-3
2176:978-0-85052-241-9
2098:978-0-300-20855-9
2015:978-0-19-538704-9
1933:978-88-04-46946-9
1799:, pp. 90–91.
1688:, pp. 47–48.
1637:, pp. 46–47.
1534:, pp. 77–94.
1522:, pp. 71–77.
1510:, pp. 48–70.
1388:Subsequent events
1382:Normandy landings
1378:Mulberry harbours
1366:I. S. O. Playfair
1364:volume I (1957),
873:, the destroyers
858:Royal Indian Navy
850:East Indies Fleet
766:Operation Camilla
761:2,052 casualties.
702:on 5 August. The
672:French Somaliland
635:199,973 Eritrean,
614:French Somaliland
546:Far Eastern Fleet
519:Winston Churchill
485:
484:
472:East Africa Force
389:French Somaliland
324:
323:
139:
138:
5599:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5525:World portal
5523:
5522:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5385:Prague offensive
5380:
5378:Battle of Berlin
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5322:Vienna offensive
5317:
5310:
5303:
5301:Battle of Manila
5296:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5251:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5175:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5085:
5078:
5069:
5060:
5051:
5044:
5042:Korsun–Cherkassy
5037:
5026:
5004:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4884:Bombing of Gorky
4879:
4872:
4865:
4845:
4838:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4751:Battle of Midway
4746:
4739:
4737:Battle of Gazala
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4647:Battle of Borneo
4642:
4640:Malayan campaign
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4584:Bombing of Gorky
4579:
4577:Battle of Moscow
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4429:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4341:Battle of France
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4194:Munich Agreement
4189:
4182:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4150:
4143:
4128:
4127:
4110:
4103:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4079:Soviet prisoners
4073:
4066:
4059:
4050:
4043:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4019:German prisoners
4015:
3995:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3557:
3555:French Indochina
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3479:
3470:
3463:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3402:from August 1944
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3285:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3187:
3186:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3128:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3046:Nanjing Massacre
3041:
3034:
3025:
3023:Nuremberg trials
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2756:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2627:Asia and Pacific
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2556:Mulberry harbour
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2391:
2376:
2375:
2364:
2357:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2238:
2219:
2200:
2180:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2102:
2083:
2060:
2038:
2019:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1972:Butler, J. R. M.
1963:
1961:
1959:
1937:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1809:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1597:
1591:
1590:, p. 3,529.
1581:
1575:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1395:
1362:official history
1311:On 11 March the
1307:
1293:
1285:
1263:
1250:
1234:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1129:
1121:
1085:
1016:
1012:
990:
974:
909:
827:
823:
783:Archibald Wavell
762:
758:
754:
743:
689:
676:Italian Ethiopia
663:
653:Italian invasion
648:
644:
636:
632:
595:
559:
523:Archibald Wavell
515:Battle of France
462:Desert Air Force
457:Red Sea Flotilla
362:
360:
350:
343:
336:
327:
326:
235:Archibald Wavell
222:
218:
216:
215:
206:
202:
200:
199:
188:
184:
182:
181:
170:
169:
157:
155:
154:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
103:9.550°N 44.067°E
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
56:
55:
44:
34:Second World War
20:
19:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5517:
5515:
5503:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5441:
5436:Atomic bombings
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5279:
5272:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5194:
5185:
5178:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5139:
5132:
5127:Eastern Romania
5125:
5120:Warsaw Uprising
5118:
5113:Tannenberg Line
5111:
5104:
5099:Western Ukraine
5097:
5088:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5029:
5020:
5007:
5000:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4891:Battle of Kursk
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4848:
4841:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4779:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4702:St Nazaire Raid
4700:
4693:
4686:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4526:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4484:Anglo-Iraqi War
4482:
4475:Battle of Crete
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4432:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4404:Eastern Romania
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4222:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4146:
4139:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4090:
4083:
4078:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4046:
4039:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4011:
3998:
3991:
3982:
3975:
3970:
3965:Western Ukraine
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3909:Northeast China
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3615:Slovak Republic
3613:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3586:Empire of Japan
3584:
3575:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3495:
3482:
3475:
3466:
3459:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3288:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3172:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3131:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3098:Sexual violence
3097:
3090:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2821:
2816:Greek Civil War
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2759:
2752:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2641:South-East Asia
2639:
2632:
2625:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2500:Military awards
2498:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2387:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2254:
2235:
2216:
2177:
2161:
2159:Further reading
2156:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2125:
2123:
2099:
2080:
2057:
2035:
2016:
1994:
1992:
1957:
1955:
1934:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:, p. 178;
1598:
1594:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1455:in East Africa.
1452:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1413:
1393:
1390:
1358:
1353:
1341:Alan Cunningham
1305:
1291:
1283:
1261:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1127:
1119:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1014:
1010:
988:
972:
969:
956:
907:
846:motor transport
825:
821:
810:
805:
776:
768:
760:
756:
752:
741:
687:
684:
683:
682:
669:
664:
655:
646:
634:
630:
582:
576:
571:
557:
497:landing in the
488:
487:
486:
481:
477:Order of battle
438:
363:
358:
356:
354:
319:
304:
302:
300:
298:
296:
294:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
248:Arturo Bertello
246:
237:
213:
211:
210:
197:
195:
179:
177:
164:
152:
150:
128:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
84:
78:
45:
12:
11:
5:
5605:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5455:
5452:South Sakhalin
5448:
5447:
5446:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5252:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5192:
5183:
5176:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4931:
4924:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4877:Battle of Attu
4873:
4866:
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4839:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4626:Battle of Guam
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4549:Battle of Kiev
4545:
4538:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4136:
4134:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4060:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:United Kingdom
4044:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4016:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:British Empire
3445:United Kingdom
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3261:Czechoslovakia
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3158:Rape of Manila
3154:
3147:
3140:
3129:
3114:
3107:
3095:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3035:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3010:
2996:
2989:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2929:United Nations
2925:
2918:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2788:Decolonization
2784:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2734:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2461:United Kingdom
2457:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2307:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2239:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2201:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2132:
2103:
2097:
2084:
2078:
2061:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2001:
1964:
1938:
1932:
1915:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1854:, p. 177.
1844:
1832:
1830:, p. 418.
1820:
1818:, p. 177.
1801:
1789:
1787:, p. 227.
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1739:, p. 178.
1729:
1717:
1715:, p. 138.
1705:
1703:, p. 506.
1690:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1639:
1624:
1612:
1602:, p. 54;
1592:
1586:, p. 54;
1576:
1560:
1558:, p. 116.
1548:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1457:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1411:
1389:
1386:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1323:, joining the
1280:Oropesa sweeps
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1201:4:25–4:35 a.m.
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
968:
965:
955:
952:
822:15,000 troops.
809:
806:
804:
801:
774:
767:
764:
666:
665:
658:
657:
656:
654:
651:
631:91,203 Italian
578:Main article:
575:
572:
570:
567:
530:United Kingdom
483:
482:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
385:
384:
374:
368:
365:
364:
353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
322:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
295:attached units
290:
289:
285:
284:
281:
256:
255:
254:Units involved
251:
250:
241:
231:
230:
226:
225:
224:
223:
191:
190:
189:
174:
159:United Kingdom
146:
145:
141:
140:
137:
136:
130:
124:
123:
122:Allied victory
120:
116:
115:
70:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
37:
36:
25:
24:
18:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5604:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:Kuril Islands
5456:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:Syrmian Front
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:Market Garden
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5031:Monte Cassino
5028:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4397:Baltic states
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:United States
4038:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:Quốc dân Đảng
3974:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:Liechtenstein
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:United States
3458:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3151:Comfort women
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3135: /
3134:
3130:
3127:
3124: /
3123:
3120: /
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:Camp brothels
3108:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:The Holocaust
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:forced labour
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:Marshall Plan
2836:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2692:Eastern Front
2689:
2686:
2685:Western Front
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:Puppet states
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:Naval history
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2468:United States
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2234:1-898697-37-X
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2215:0-586-07204-7
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:. L. Cooper.
2168:
2163:
2162:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2079:1-55750-105-X
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2056:0-8371-4319-5
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2034:0-08-040983-0
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1727:, p. 49.
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1701:Del Boca 2001
1697:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1676:, p. 47.
1675:
1670:
1664:, p. 46.
1663:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1622:, p. 55.
1621:
1616:
1610:, p. 46.
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1546:, p. 82.
1545:
1540:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1461:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1402:Arthur Chater
1399:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1298:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:, along with
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
986:
982:
978:
964:
963:in Ethiopia.
962:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
878:
872:
871:
866:
865:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
819:
815:
800:
795:
791:
788:
784:
772:
763:
750:
749:
739:
735:
731:
726:
720:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
681:
677:
673:
668:
662:
650:
643:
642:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:Duke of Aosta
594:
593:
587:
581:
566:
564:
555:
554:beach landing
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:British India
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
442:
435:
434:Guerrilla war
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
361:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
331:
328:
316:
311:
307:
292:
291:
286:
282:
280:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
245:
242:
240:
236:
233:
232:
227:
221:
209:
208:
207:
205:
192:
187:
175:
173:
172:British India
168:
163:
162:
161:
160:
148:
147:
142:
135:
131:
126:
125:
121:
118:
117:
112:
108:9.550; 44.067
82:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:, March 1941.
49:
43:
38:
35:
31:
26:
21:
16:
5533:Bibliography
5516:
5329:Project Hula
5294:Vistula–Oder
5263:
5196:
5187:
5171:
5141:
5090:
5074:
5065:
5056:
5022:
4919:
4834:
4810:
4780:
4531:
4424:
4369:North Africa
4071:Soviet Union
4025:Soviet Union
3951:Soviet Union
3719:Vatican City
3629:Vichy France
3534:German Reich
3431:Soviet Union
3417:South Africa
3410:Sierra Leone
3363:Newfoundland
3182:Participants
3165:Marocchinate
2869:
2860:
2830:
2708:North Africa
2669:Indian Ocean
2528:Nazi plunder
2419:Cryptography
2292:World War II
2243:
2224:
2205:
2188:
2166:
2146:. Retrieved
2137:
2124:. Retrieved
2107:
2088:
2069:
2065:
2046:
2024:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1976:
1956:. Retrieved
1943:
1923:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1894:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1840:Stewart 2016
1835:
1823:
1812:Stewart 2016
1792:
1780:
1768:
1761:Collins 1964
1756:
1749:Stewart 2016
1744:
1732:
1725:Collins 1964
1720:
1713:Stewart 2016
1708:
1686:Collins 1964
1681:
1674:Collins 1964
1669:
1662:Collins 1964
1657:
1650:Stewart 2016
1635:Collins 1964
1615:
1608:Collins 1964
1595:
1579:
1568:Stewart 2016
1563:
1556:Stewart 2016
1551:
1539:
1532:Stewart 2016
1527:
1520:Stewart 2016
1515:
1508:Stewart 2016
1460:
1447:
1416:
1391:
1369:
1359:
1310:
1301:
1296:
1288:Beaconsfield
1287:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1249:1,500 Somali
1245:
1217:
1213:
1196:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:on 16 March
1081:
1066:
1063:Beaconsfield
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:on 16 March
1006:
1003:Beaconsfield
1002:
997:
984:
981:Beaconsfield
980:
976:
970:
957:
954:Preparations
947:
943:
939:
935:
932:Beaconsfield
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
902:(Lieutenant
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
876:
869:
863:
811:
797:
793:
779:
747:
736:Middle East
721:
685:
622:Kenya Colony
583:
551:
542:South Africa
527:
503:Italian Army
490:
489:
447:Gideon Force
440:
439:
403:
305:2 transports
299:2 destroyers
293:2 battalions
193:
186:South Africa
149:
144:Belligerents
28:Part of The
15:
5264:Bodenplatte
5150:Gothic Line
4376:West Africa
3923:Philippines
3902:Netherlands
3767:Czech lands
3705:Switzerland
3649:Afghanistan
3600:Philippines
3468:Puerto Rico
3384:Philippines
3370:New Zealand
3356:Netherlands
3309:Free France
3060:Prosecution
2861:Osoaviakhim
2731:West Africa
2715:East Africa
2362:Conferences
1995:3 September
1588:Wavell 1946
1572:Rankin 2009
1453:254,000 men
904:HMS Choudri
818:Ranald Reid
785:, GOC-in-C
755:killed and
688:400 Italian
394:Convoy BN 7
239:Ranald Reid
127:Territorial
106: /
5556:Categories
5364:West Hunan
5197:Pointblank
4533:Silver Fox
4519:Summer War
4272:Winter War
4251:Phoney War
4032:Azerbaijan
3993:Yugoslavia
3888:Luxembourg
3730:Resistance
3477:Yugoslavia
3342:Luxembourg
3144:Sook Ching
2940:War crimes
2542:Technology
2535:Opposition
2477:Lend-Lease
2454:Australian
2447:Home front
2405:Blitzkrieg
2355:Casualties
2346:Commanders
2318:Operations
2111:. London:
1958:10 October
1885:References
1785:Orpen 1968
1737:Raugh 1993
1604:Raugh 1993
1544:Raugh 1993
1466:Tug Wajale
1394:5,000 men,
1337:Tug Wajale
973:10:45 p.m.
854:Royal Navy
746:HMAS
647:47,000 men
606:Suez Canal
569:Background
558:10:00 a.m.
424:Culqualber
419:Amba Alagi
303:2 trawlers
297:2 cruisers
79:(Occupied
5429:Manchuria
5315:Indochina
5091:Bagration
4542:Lithuania
4187:Anschluss
3984:Viet Minh
3881:Lithuania
3823:Hong Kong
3593:Manchukuo
3548:Azad Hind
3207:Australia
3007:Aftermath
2870:Paperclip
2765:Aftermath
2565:Total war
2433:Diplomacy
2396:In Europe
2148:9 October
2121:162657275
2045:(1970) .
1990:494123451
1953:499914466
1876:Rodd 1970
1864:Rodd 1970
1852:Rodd 1970
1816:Rodd 1970
1797:Abys 1942
1493:Footnotes
1425:Mogadishu
1351:Aftermath
1306:5:33 a.m.
1292:6:00 p.m.
1284:2:00 p.m.
1262:9:20 a.m.
1209:5:26 a.m.
1205:4:48 a.m.
1189:4:20 a.m.
1177:4:13 a.m.
1173:3:58 a.m.
1165:3:26 a.m.
1161:3:30 a.m.
1153:3:00 a.m.
1128:2:03 a.m.
1120:2:30 a.m.
1112:Netravati
1084:1:01 a.m.
1035:Netravati
1015:1:00 a.m.
1011:3:30 p.m.
996:HMS
989:1:00 a.m.
961:Dire Dawa
928:Netravati
896:Netravati
875:HMS
862:HMS
826:3,000 men
742:2:00 p.m.
715:, taking
538:Australia
452:Arbegnoch
382:Tug Argan
320:1 wounded
5540:Category
5489:document
5399:document
5256:Ardennes
5240:Budapest
5188:Crossbow
5066:Overlord
4905:Smolensk
4123:Timeline
3958:Slovakia
3944:Thailand
3795:Ethiopia
3760:Bulgaria
3684:Portugal
3622:Thailand
3504:Bulgaria
3282:Eswatini
3275:Ethiopia
3228:Bulgaria
3053:Unit 731
3014:Response
2831:Keelhaul
2781:Cold War
2754:Americas
2745:timeline
2738:Atlantic
2618:Theaters
2197:59637091
2187:(1951).
2126:17 April
2115:. 1942.
2043:Rodd, F.
1909:24 March
1476:See also
1435:regime.
1429:entrepôt
1356:Analysis
1315:and the
1218:Kandahar
1197:Kandahar
1193:Kingston
1149:Kingston
1145:Kandahar
1136:Kingston
1132:Kandahar
1108:Chakdina
1104:Chantala
1096:Kingston
1092:Kandahar
1078:Landings
1073:Invasion
1059:Shoreham
1055:Kandahar
1051:Kingston
1047:Kandahar
1031:Chakdina
1027:Chantala
998:Shoreham
977:Kandahar
948:Kingston
920:Chakdina
916:Chantala
912:Kandahar
892:Chantala
888:Chakdina
877:Kandahar
856:and the
844:and 150
700:Hargeisa
604:and the
318:1 killed
288:Strength
67:Location
5466:Shumshu
5233:Hungary
5180:Estonia
5164:Lapland
5142:Dragoon
5075:Neptune
5057:Ichi-Go
5023:Tempest
4965:Changde
4920:Cottage
4812:Jubilee
4528:Finland
4426:Compass
4132:Prelude
4085:Finland
3971:Vietnam
3937:Romania
3809:Germany
3788:Estonia
3774:Denmark
3753:Belgium
3746:Austria
3739:Albania
3670:Ireland
3656:Andorra
3640:Neutral
3607:Romania
3541:Hungary
3526:Finland
3398:Romania
3290:Finland
3268:Denmark
3214:Belgium
3200:Algeria
2906:Romania
2892:Hungary
2648:Pacific
2372:General
2326:Leaders
2311:Battles
2304:Outline
1974:(ed.).
1904:4079794
1380:in the
1302:Parvati
1297:Glasgow
1257:Parvati
1253:Parvati
1224:Berbera
1214:Glasgow
1181:Glasgow
1169:Glasgow
1140:Glasgow
1124:Glasgow
1116:Parvati
1100:Caledon
1088:Glasgow
1043:Glasgow
1039:Parvati
1023:Caledon
1019:Glasgow
944:Caledon
940:Glasgow
924:Parvati
908:ML 109.
900:Parvati
883:Kipling
870:Caledon
864:Glasgow
836:of the
803:Prelude
757:222 men
713:Berbera
602:Red Sea
495:British
399:Agordat
129:changes
94:44°04′E
91:09°33′N
48:Berbera
32:of the
5443:Debate
5415:Taipei
5408:Borneo
4986:Tarawa
4180:Europe
4141:Africa
3930:Poland
3916:Norway
3895:Malaya
3874:Latvia
3816:Greece
3802:France
3698:Sweden
3663:Bhutan
3391:Poland
3377:Norway
3349:Mexico
3316:Greece
3302:France
3240:Canada
3221:Brazil
3191:Allies
3137:Serbia
3126:Poland
2899:Poland
2885:Baltic
2678:Europe
2380:Topics
2332:Allied
2250:
2231:
2212:
2195:
2173:
2119:
2095:
2076:
2053:
2031:
2012:
1988:
1951:
1930:
1902:
1427:as an
1370:Kharif
1333:Jijiga
1329:Barawa
967:Voyage
832:and 3/
824:About
790:that,
753:38 men
748:Hobart
717:Bulhar
692:Borama
641:ascari
586:France
505:. The
429:Gondar
217:
201:
183:
156:
119:Result
5219:Leyte
5049:Narva
5035:Anzio
4993:Makin
4951:Burma
4835:Torch
4804:Rzhev
4765:Kiska
3851:Korea
3837:Japan
3830:Italy
3712:Tibet
3691:Spain
3569:Italy
3330:Italy
3323:India
3247:China
3122:Japan
2722:Italy
2634:China
2586:Women
2142:(PDF)
2068:[
1922:[
1439:Notes
1433:Vichy
1420:dhows
1282:. By
1191:when
993:sloop
709:Zeila
696:Harar
409:Keren
372:Sudan
204:Italy
5285:1945
5013:1944
4854:1943
4782:Blue
4772:Attu
4679:1942
4438:1941
4290:1940
4228:1939
4157:Asia
4004:POWs
3844:Jews
3562:Iraq
3488:Axis
3438:Tuva
3254:Cuba
2339:Axis
2248:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2193:OCLC
2171:ISBN
2150:2019
2128:2019
2117:OCLC
2113:HMSO
2093:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2029:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1997:2015
1986:OCLC
1982:HMSO
1960:2019
1949:OCLC
1928:ISBN
1911:2020
1900:OCLC
1374:surf
1147:and
1134:and
1114:and
1067:Tuna
1049:and
1007:Tuna
1005:and
985:Tuna
983:and
936:Tuna
934:and
898:and
890:and
880:and
867:and
808:Plan
678:and
620:and
540:and
414:Saïo
59:Date
1290:by
1175:At
1082:At
1009:by
5558::
5033:/
1984:.
1804:^
1693:^
1642:^
1627:^
1500:^
1384:.
1110:,
1106:,
1102:,
1094:,
1090:,
1065:,
1061:,
1037:,
1033:,
1029:,
1025:,
1021:,
946:,
942:,
926:,
922:,
918:,
914:,
674:,
616:,
612:,
608:.
536:,
532:,
74:,
4536:)
4530:(
3404:)
3400:(
3336:)
3332:(
3296:)
3292:(
3234:)
3230:(
2284:e
2277:t
2270:v
2256:.
2237:.
2218:.
2199:.
2179:.
2152:.
2130:.
2101:.
2082:.
2059:.
2037:.
2018:.
1999:.
1962:.
1936:.
1913:.
349:e
342:t
335:v
83:)
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