403:
185:
156:
councils became guardians for their areas, with poor law elections being limited to urban areas. At the same time, property qualifications were abolished, plural voting was ended and women were able to become guardians. The term of office of a guardian was increased to three years, with all guardians
192:
A similar system of Poor Law to that in
England and Wales was introduced to Ireland in 1838, with boards of guardians elected by rate-payers. The Irish system differed from that in England and Wales, as the civil parish was not used as the basis for the election of guardians. In their place
113:
was accepted as a candidate for the
Kensington Board of Guardians, and was successful. Her election was upheld, although there was much opposition. She was disqualified after winning a further election in 1879 as she was moving house on the election day and so it was uncertain whether she
220:
Under the reformed system introduced in
Scotland in 1845, relief of the poor was the responsibility of parochial boards appointed in each civil parish, and boards of guardians were not formed. Adjacent parishes could form "combinations", however, to administer workhouses.
92:
in the union was represented by at least one guardian, with those with larger populations or special circumstances having two or more. The exact constitution of each board was determined by the Poor Law
Commissioners.
201:. The ratio of elected to ex officio guardians was to be at least three to one, with an election to be held among the qualified magistrates for ex officio positions if their number exceeded the limit.
659:
320:
165:
a chairman, vice-chairman and up to two additional members from outside their own body, provided that they were qualified to be a guardian in a like manner to the elected members.
68:, or by the common consent of the parishes. Once a union was established it could not be dissolved or merged with a neighbouring union without the consent of its board.
533:
85:
to cast their vote in their absence. Where property was held by a corporation or company, its governing body could nominate an officer to cast its vote or votes.
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270:
239:
646:
517:
707:
603:
583:
717:
356:
81:. Depending on the value of the property held, an elector could cast from one to three votes. Electors could nominate
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421:
727:
679:
636:
543:
392:
758:
538:
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446:
173:
45:
753:
669:
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626:
568:
169:
149:
119:
236:
748:
172:, when their powers and responsibilities passed to local and national government bodies, including
109:
It was long unclear whether women were permitted to win election to boards of guardians. In 1875,
654:
402:
621:
349:
329:
321:
Poor Law Unions and their records: The
Establishment of the Poor Law System (Ask About Ireland)
208:
in 1925, being replaced by County Boards of Health. Guardians continued to exist until 1948 in
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was the first woman to be elected to the board and served until she moved to London in 1904.
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451:
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97:
49:
8:
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502:
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53:
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382:
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Guardians were subject to annual elections. In addition to the elected guardians, any
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512:
275:
209:
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130:
110:
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Following the partition of the island in 1922 the guardians were abolished in the
712:
426:
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334:
243:
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588:
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558:
497:
153:
61:
33:
742:
481:
89:
82:
507:
476:
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established under the old poor law, following the recommendations of the
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technically met the property ownership requirements at that moment. In
102:
553:
471:
162:
78:
73:
57:
198:
29:
161:
or nominated board members. Boards were, however, permitted to
71:
Each board was composed of guardians elected by the owners and
24:
184:
64:
consisting of a group of parishes, either by order of the
256:
Ladies Elect: Women in
English Local Government 1865-1914
100:
residing in a parish of the union was entitled to be an
364:
237:Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, s.38 (workhouses.org)
168:Boards of guardians were abolished in 1930 by the
152:altered the system; members of newly established
740:
310:1838 Irish Poor Law Act, Sections XXIII and XXIV
350:
274:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
16:Bodies that administered Poor Law in the UK
518:Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor
357:
343:
183:
44:Boards of guardians were created by the
708:Timeline of the English Poor Law system
271:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
741:
338:
280:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.111922
248:
261:
197:were formed by the agglomeration of
77:occupiers of land liable to pay the
39:
133:c. 55), boards of guardians became
13:
718:List of poor law unions in England
330:Streamlining the Work of the Board
14:
770:
300:Local Government Act 1894 , s. 20
723:List of poor law unions in Wales
574:Outdoor Relief Prohibitory Order
401:
188:Workhouse ruin near Cahirciveen.
703:Historiography of the Poor Laws
697:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
632:Huddersfield workhouse scandal
422:Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494
365:Poor laws of the British Isles
314:
303:
294:
230:
28:authorities that administered
1:
728:List of Irish poor law unions
224:
680:National Assistance Act 1948
544:Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1845
288:UK public library membership
174:public assistance committees
7:
539:Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
457:Relief of the Poor Act 1782
447:Relief of the Poor Act 1696
215:
46:Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
10:
775:
660:Royal Commission (1905–09)
179:
135:rural sanitary authorities
688:
645:
627:Andover workhouse scandal
602:
569:Outdoor Labour Test Order
526:
490:
414:
399:
370:
170:Local Government Act 1929
150:Local Government Act 1894
137:for all areas outside a
655:Liberal welfare reforms
637:Union Chargeability Act
534:Royal commission (1832)
48:, replacing the parish
622:Local Government Board
371:Poor laws by territory
189:
127:Public Health Act 1875
56:. Boards administered
647:Decline and abolition
242:June 4, 2011, at the
187:
50:overseers of the poor
467:Overseer of the poor
452:Poor Relief Act 1722
442:Poor Relief Act 1662
437:Poor Relief Act 1601
432:Poor Relief Act 1597
98:justice of the peace
612:Poor Law Commission
462:House of correction
195:electoral divisions
66:Poor Law Commission
54:Poor Law Commission
36:from 1835 to 1930.
20:Boards of guardians
759:Scottish Poor Laws
604:Changes after 1834
594:Scottish poorhouse
564:Board of guardians
408:Nantwich workhouse
190:
754:English Poor Laws
736:
735:
409:
378:England and Wales
286:(Subscription or
268:"Mason, Bertha".
254:Patricia Hollis,
139:municipal borough
131:38 & 39 Vict.
116:Ashton-under-Lyne
60:within a defined
40:England and Wales
766:
675:Interwar poverty
549:Less eligibility
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210:Northern Ireland
206:Irish Free State
157:elected, and no
111:Martha Merington
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749:Irish Poor Laws
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713:Poor Relief Act
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670:Minority Report
665:Majority Report
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579:Poor law unions
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427:Tudor poor laws
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154:rural district
62:poor law union
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34:United Kingdom
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527:New Poor Law
503:Speenhamland
482:Buttock mail
415:Old Poor Law
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120:Bertha Mason
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90:civil parish
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43:
23:
19:
18:
508:Labour Rate
477:Poor relief
393:Isle of Man
143:local board
743:Categories
584:Opposition
290:required.)
225:References
159:ex officio
106:guardian.
103:ex officio
58:workhouses
554:Workhouse
513:Roundsman
472:Poor rate
199:townlands
79:poor rate
74:bona fide
383:Scotland
240:Archived
216:Scotland
30:Poor Law
388:Ireland
180:Ireland
125:By the
83:proxies
32:in the
284:
163:co-opt
25:ad hoc
689:Other
258:, p.8
88:Each
22:were
148:The
276:doi
745::
212:.
176:.
145:.
118:,
358:e
351:t
344:v
282:.
278::
129:(
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