1944:, were suspected of this sacrilege, and now their ill-fame has spread far; at Alexandria they were described to me as a people who defile the Kaaba. It is scarcely necessary to say that a Shi'a, as well as a Sunni, would look upon such an action with lively horror. The people of Meccah, however, like the Madani, have turned the circumstance to their own advantage, and make an occasional "avanie". Thus, nine or ten years ago, on the testimony of a boy who swore that he saw the inside of the Kaaba defiled by a Persian, they rose up, cruelly beat the schismatics, and carried them off to their peculiar quarter the Shamiyah, forbidding their ingress to the Kaaba. Indeed, till Mohammed Ali's time, the Persians rarely ventured upon a pilgrimage, and even now that man is happy who gets over it without a beating. The defilement of the Black Stone was probably the work of some Jew or Greek, who risked his life to gratify a furious bigotry." Note: Burton pointed out to the suspect as a "Jew or Greek". The "Greek" here is to be understood as a Christian, and not a Greek national
232:
by a violent blow, and then united again. It is very difficult to determine accurately the quality of this stone which has been worn to its present surface by the millions of touches and kisses it has received. It appeared to me like a lava, containing several small extraneous particles of a whitish and of a yellow substance. Its colour is now a deep reddish brown approaching to black. It is surrounded on all sides by a border composed of a substance which I took to be a close cement of pitch and gravel of a similar, but not quite the same, brownish colour. This border serves to support its detached pieces; it is two or three inches in breadth, and rises a little above the surface of the stone. Both the border and the stone itself are encircled by a silver band, broader below than above, and on the two sides, with a considerable swelling below, as if a part of the stone were hidden under it. The lower part of the border is studded with silver nails.
593:
438:, accompanied by a note saying "By command we took it, and by command we have brought it back." Its abduction and removal caused further damage, breaking the stone into seven pieces. Its abductor, Abu Tahir, is said to have met a terrible fate; according to Qutb al-Din, "the filthy Abu Tahir was afflicted with a gangrenous sore, his flesh was eaten away by worms, and he died a most terrible death." To protect the shattered stone, the custodians of the Kaaba commissioned a pair of Meccan goldsmiths to build a silver frame to surround it, and it has been enclosed in a similar frame ever since.
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29:
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combined to form the seven or eight fragments visible today. The Stone's exposed face measures about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) by 16 centimetres (6.3 in). Its original size is unclear and the recorded dimensions have changed considerably over time, as the pieces have been rearranged in their cement matrix on several occasions. In the 10th century, an observer described the Black Stone as being one
536:. In modern times, large crowds make it practically impossible for everyone to kiss the stone, so it is currently acceptable to point in the direction of the Stone on each of their seven circuits around the Kaaba. Some even say that the Stone is best considered simply as a marker, useful in keeping count of the ritual circumambulations that one has performed.
785:
A significant clue to its nature is provided by an account of the stone's recovery in 951 CE, after it had been stolen 21 years earlier. According to a chronicler, the stone was identified by its ability to float in water, which would rule out the Black Stone being an agate, a basalt lava, or a stony
253:
in 1817 and reported that it had a pitch-black exterior and a silver-grey, fine-grained interior in which tiny cubes of a bottle-green material were embedded. There are reportedly a few white or yellow spots on the face of the Stone, and it is officially described as being white with the exception of
244:
The colour appeared to me black and metallic, and the centre of the stone was sunk about two inches below the metallic circle. Round the sides was a reddish-brown cement, almost level with the metal, and sloping down to the middle of the stone. The band is now a massive arch of gold or silver gilt. I
231:
It is an irregular oval, about seven inches in diameter, with an undulated surface, composed of about a dozen smaller stones of different sizes and shapes, well joined together with a small quantity of cement, and perfectly well smoothed; it looks as if the whole had been broken into as many pieces
781:
imperial collection of minerals, published the first comprehensive analysis of the Black Stone in 1857, in which he favoured a meteoritic origin for the stone. Robert Dietz and John McHone proposed in 1974 that the Black Stone was actually an agate, judging from its physical attributes and a report
374:
tells how the clans of Mecca renovated the Kaaba following a major fire which had partly destroyed the structure. The Black Stone had been temporarily removed to facilitate the rebuilding work. The clans could not agree on which one of them should have the honour of setting the Black Stone back in
686:
Allah says in Quran that he created human beings from the progeny of Adam and made them witness over themselves and asked them, 'Am I not your creator?' Upon this, all of them confirmed it. Thus Allah wrote this confirmation. And this stone has a pair of eyes, ears and a tongue and it opened its
659:
According to some scholars, the Black Stone was the same stone that
Islamic tradition describes as greeting Muhammad before his prophethood. This led to a debate about whether the Black Stone's greeting comprised actual speech or merely a sound, and following that, whether the stone was a living
378:
They decided to wait for the next man to come through the gate and ask him to make the decision. That person was 35-year-old
Muhammad, five years before his prophethood. He asked the elders of the clans to bring him a cloth and put the Black Stone in its centre. Each of the clan leaders held the
146:
The Black Stone was originally a single piece of rock but today consists of several pieces that have been cemented together. They are surrounded by a silver frame which is fastened by silver nails to the Kaaba's outer wall. The fragments are themselves made up of smaller pieces which have been
551:
At the end of the second , I was granted one of those extraordinary moments which sometimes occur around the Black Stone. As I approached the Corner the large crowd was suddenly pushed back by a strong man who had just kissed the Black Stone. This push generated a backward current, creating a
693:, writing in 1911, commented on the practice that the pre-Islamic practice of venerating stones (including the Black Stone) arose not because such stones are "sacred for their own sake, but because of their relation to something holy and respected". The Indian Islamic scholar
129:
and many try to stop to kiss the Black Stone, emulating the kiss that
Islamic tradition records that it received from Muhammad. While the Black Stone is revered, Islamic theologians emphasize that it has no divine significance and that its importance is historical in nature.
477:
pointed out on the alleged "excrement action" that "it is scarcely necessary to say that a Shi'a, as well as a Sunni, would look upon such an action with lively horror", and that the real culprit was "some Jew or
Christian, who risked his life to gratify a furious bigotry".
674:(580–644) came to kiss the stone, he said in front of all assembled: "No doubt, I know that you are a stone and can neither harm anyone nor benefit anyone. Had I not seen Allah's Messenger kissing you, I would not have kissed you." In the hadith collection
335:, mountains, special rock formations, or distinctive trees. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane, and the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as an object as a link between heaven and earth.
110:. Since then, it has been broken into fragments and is now cemented into a silver frame in the side of the Kaaba. Its physical appearance is that of a fragmented dark rock, polished smooth by the hands of pilgrims. It has often been described as a
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desert 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) east of Mecca. A 2004 scientific analysis of the Wabar site suggests that the impact event happened much more recently than first thought and might have occurred within the last 200–300 years.
604:
One tradition holds that the Black Stone was placed by Adam in the original Kaaba. Muslims believe that the stone was originally pure and dazzling white, but has since turned black because of the sins of the people who touch it.
649:, before moving the mountain to Mecca. When Ibrahim took the Black Stone from Abu Qubays to build the Kaaba, the mountain asked Ibrahim to intercede with God so that it would not be returned to Khurasan and would stay in Mecca.
434:, the Stone was returned twenty-three years later, in 952. The Qarmatians held the Black Stone for ransom, and forced the Abbasids to pay a huge sum for its return. It was wrapped in a sack and thrown into the Friday Mosque of
323:
writers remark on the apparent similarity of the Black Stone and its frame to the external female genitalia. However, the silver frame was placed on the Black Stone to secure the fragments, after the original stone was broken.
742:) with eyes to see and a tongue to speak, and give evidence in favour of all who kissed it in true devotion, but speak out against whoever indulged in gossip or profane conversations during his circumambulation of the Kaaba".
723:, home of God). If a subject wants to testify to his loyalty, he has to go to the royal palace and conclude personally the pact of allegiance. The right hand of the invisible God must be visible symbolically. And that is the
733:
In recent years several literalist views of the Black Stone have emerged. A small minority accepts as literally true a hadith, usually taken as allegorical, which asserts that "the Stone will appear on the Day of
Judgement
356:, both meaning "the Merciful One" or "the Gracious One") was used for astral gods in Mecca and might have been associated with the Black Stone. Muhammad is said to have called the stone "the right hand of al-Rahman".
3897:
558:, put my hands on the Black Stone and kissed it. Thousands of silver lines sparkled, the Stone glistened, and something stirred deep inside me. A few seconds passed. Then I was pushed away by the guard.
707:), and for purpose. In fact one poses there one's hand to conclude the pact, and God obtains there our pact of allegiance and submission. In the quranic terminology, God is the king, and
308:
and was the subject of prophetic rebuke. The meteorite-origin theory of the Black Stone has seen it likened by some writers to the meteorite which was placed and worshipped in the Greek
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1590:
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The Stone has suffered repeated desecrations and damage over the course of time. It is said to have been struck and smashed to pieces by a stone fired from a catapult during the
645:
and was punished by being turned into a jewel – the Black Stone. God granted it the power of speech and placed it at the top of Abu Qubays, a mountain in the historic region of
288:
The Black Stone was held in reverence well before Islam. It had long been associated with the Kaaba, which was built in the pre-Islamic period and was a site of pilgrimage of
174:(the 'Yemeni Corner'), at a somewhat lower height than the Black Stone. The choice of the east corner may have had ritual significance; it faces the rain-bringing east wind (
690:
2610:
151:(46 cm or 18 in) long. By the early 17th century, it was recorded as measuring 140 by 122 cm (4 ft 7 in by 4 ft 0 in). According to
2219:
219:
The Black Stone was described by
European travellers to Arabia in the 19th- and early-20th centuries, who visited the Kaaba disguised as pilgrims. Swiss traveller
379:
corners of the cloth and carried the Black Stone to the right spot. Then, Muhammad set the stone in place, satisfying the honour of all of the clans. After his
1940:, Volume III: "In A.D. 1674 some wretch smeared the Black Stone with impurity, and every one who kissed it retired with a sullied beard. The Persians, says
327:
A "red stone" was associated with the deity of the south
Arabian city of Ghaiman, and there was a "white stone" in the Kaaba of al-Abalat (near the city of
2633:
1169:
383:
in 630, Muhammad is said to have ridden round the Kaaba seven times on his camel, touching the Black Stone with his stick in a gesture of reverence.
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Pilgrims jostle for a chance to kiss the Black Stone; if they are unable to kiss it, they can point towards it on each circuit with their right hand
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According to
Islamic belief, Muhammad is credited with setting the Black Stone in the current place in the wall of the Kaaba. A story found in
199:. The frames wore out over time due to the constant handling by pilgrims and were periodically replaced. Worn-out frames were brought back to
453:, someone allegedly smeared the Black Stone with excrement so that "every one who kissed it retired with a sullied beard". According to the
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mouth upon the order of Allah, who put that confirmation in it and ordered to witness it to all those worshippers who come for Hajj."
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634:– who in Muslim belief is an ancestor of Muhammad – to build a new temple, the Kaaba, into which the stone was to be embedded.
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The Black Stone has never been analysed with modern scientific techniques and its origins remain the subject of speculation.
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2450:
Catalogue of meteorites: with special reference to those represented in the collection of the
Natural History Museum, London
1678:
817:
suggests that it may be a pseudometeorite; in other words, a terrestrial rock mistakenly attributed to a meteoritic origin.
516:"God is Greatest." They perform this in the course of walking seven times around the Kaaba in a counterclockwise direction (
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2170:
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1917:
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1357:
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attempted to smash the Black Stone but was killed on the spot, having caused only slight damage. In 1674, according to
2329:"Über den schwarzen Stein der Kaaba zu Mekka, mitgetheilt aus den hinterlassenen Schriften des wirklichen Mitgliedens"
1281:
465:"have turned the circumstance to their own advantage" by assaulting, beating random Persians and forbidding them from
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2552:
2537:
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The
History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments
196:
1336:
1314:
508:, when pilgrims kiss the Black Stone, touch it with their hands or raise their hands towards it while repeating the
204:
3388:
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1257:
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2336:
Denkschriften der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien
1992:
1303:
1133:
Travels in Arabia, Comprehending an Account of Those Territories in Hedjaz which the Mohammedans Regard as Sacred
292:
who visited the shrine once a year to perform their pilgrimage. The Kaaba held 360 idols of the Meccan gods. The
249:
Ritter von Laurin, the Austrian consul-general in Egypt, was able to inspect a fragment of the Stone removed by
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1292:
1234:
814:
107:
1325:
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by an Arab geologist that the stone contained clearly discernible diffusion banding characteristic of agates.
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4615:
1173:
4923:
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3426:
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creature or an inanimate object. Whichever was the case, the stone was held to be a symbol of prophethood.
626:(Abraham) was said to have later found the Black Stone at the original site of Adam's altar when the angel
568:, are both often perfumed by the mosque's custodians. This can cause problems for pilgrims in the state of
20:
5778:
4029:
4020:
2714:
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away from Mecca. This failed, as pilgrims continued to venerate the spot where the Black Stone had been.
1883:
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proposed a different hypothesis in 1980. She suggested that the Black Stone may be a glass fragment, or
6311:
4245:
1806:
637:
Another tradition says that the Black Stone was originally an angel that had been placed by God in the
552:
momentary opening around the Black Stone as I came to it; I swiftly accepted the opportunity reciting,
4263:
1960:"Virtual Tawaf: A Velocity-Space-Based Solution for Simulating Heterogeneous Behavior in Dense Crowds"
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4200:
3028:
2328:
159:
reported it as being 76 cm (2 ft 6 in) long by 46 cm (1 ft 6 in) wide.
6227:
Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
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Journeys of the Muslim nation and the Christian church: exploring the mission of two communities
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50:
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times. According to Islamic tradition, it was set intact into the Kaaba's wall by the Islamic
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614:) is an expiation for sins." Adam's altar and the stone were said to have been lost during
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332:
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8:
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671:
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The nature of the Black Stone has been much debated. It has been described variously as
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5676:
5149:
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4547:
4369:
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2385:
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300:, while bowing, worshiping and praying to such sacred objects is also described in the
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2533:
2519:
2480:
2453:
2430:
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2282:
2198:
2166:
2119:
2071:
2046:
2019:
1967:
1913:
1837:
1810:
1774:
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1707:
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1617:
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1528:
1491:
1464:
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1110:
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described his experience of venerating the Black Stone during a pilgrimage to Mecca:
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415:). According to Ottoman historian Qutb al-Din, writing in 1857, the Qarmatian leader
392:
380:
370:
309:
272:
155:
in the 18th century, it was described as 110 cm (3 ft 7 in) high, and
100:
2364:
Thomsen, E. (1980). "New Light on the Origin of the Holy Black Stone of the Ka'ba".
1741:
Dairesi, Hırka-i Saadet; Aydın, Hilmi (2004). Uğurluel, Talha; Doğru, Ahmet (eds.).
208:
142:
The fragmented Black Stone as it appeared in the 1850s, front and side illustrations
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1964:
Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
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806:
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576:('consecration'), who are forbidden from using scented products and will require a
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The sacred trusts: Pavilion of the Sacred Relics, Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul
1670:
1490:. San Francisco: Consortium of Collective Consciousness Publishing. p. 165.
1195:
772:
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responded to Umar, saying, "This stone (Hajar Aswad) can indeed benefit and harm.
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65:
41:
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Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah – The Life of Muhammad Translated by A. Guillaume
638:
544:
524:), emulating the actions of Muhammad. At the end of each circuit, they perform
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412:
331:, south of Mecca). Worship at that time period was often associated with stone
192:
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3164:
2434:
2194:
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Scientific Development and Misconceptions Through the Ages: A Reference Guide
802:
675:
608:
According to a prophetic tradition, "Touching them both (the Black Stone and
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341:
336:
138:
85:
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4174:
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Another tradition holds that it was brought down to Earth by "an angel from
223:
visited Mecca in 1814, and provided a detailed description in his 1829 book
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3184:
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2853:
2836:
2728:
2655:
1398:
1231:"Arab Paganism. The roots of Islam. *al lah the Meccan (Muslim) pagan gods"
963:
813:
The meteoritic hypothesis is viewed by geologists as doubtful. The British
494:
245:
found the aperture in which the stone is, one span and three fingers broad.
89:
73:
4374:
3892:
3238:
2532:(The Sealed Nectar): Biography of the Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications.
19:
This article is about the Muslim object of reverence. For other uses, see
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801:, from the impact of a fragmented meteorite that fell 6,000 years ago at
619:
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in Mecca. The Black Stone is set into the eastern corner of the building.
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940:
Hedin, Christer (2010). "Muslim Pilgrimage as Education by Experience".
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The sacred trusts: Pavilion of the Sacred Relics, Topkapı Palace Museum
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263:
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The Black Stone is attached to the east corner of the Kaaba, known as
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1980:
1958:
Curtis, Sean; Guy, Stephen J.; Zafar, Basim; Manocha, Dinesh (2013).
798:
763:
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289:
111:
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2110:, vol. 1, pp. 460, 468. Quoted in translation by Francis E. Peters,
1429:
Eastern Definitions: A Short Encyclopedia of Religions of the Orient
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305:
276:
200:
191:
or cloth enveloping the Kaaba were for centuries maintained by the
103:
2401:"Luminescence dating of the Wabar meteorite craters, Saudi Arabia"
411:, who carried the Black Stone away to their base in Hajar (modern
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5237:
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5123:
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1986:
1352:(illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 209.
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627:
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298:
had a tradition of using unusual stones to mark places of worship
179:
28:
1703:
The Times of History: Universal Topics in Islamic Historiography
786:
meteorite, though it would be compatible with it being glass or
701:
he Prophet has named the (Black Stone) the "right hand of God" (
461:
of an unknown faith was suspected of sacrilege, where Sunnis of
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Grady, Monica M.; Graham, A.L. (2000). Grady, Monica M. (ed.).
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301:
297:
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170:('Stone of Felicity') is set into the Kaaba's opposite corner,
166:(the 'Corner of the Black Stone'). Another stone, known as the
81:
4915:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and
1081:
The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People
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3522:
3465:
3437:
3360:
3346:
3331:
3307:
3281:
3248:
3226:
3198:
3122:
3092:
3085:
3076:
3067:
2916:
2874:
2669:
2620:
2217:
1167:
829:
759:
755:
597:
571:
519:
462:
280:
148:
119:
96:
77:
69:
61:
2447:
2039:
Ham, Anthony; Shams, Martha Brekhus; Madden, Andrew (2004).
1157:. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts. p. 161.
5889:
5813:
5444:
5227:
4900:
4689:
4579:
4563:
4108:
3820:
3526:
3485:
3356:
3311:
3168:
3017:
2921:
1527:. Vermont: Inner Traditions Bear and Company. p. 134.
1154:
Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah
615:
466:
435:
125:
1027:. Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore USA. p. 351.
530:
and may approach the Black Stone to kiss it at the end of
6079:
5473:
5255:
2659:
2279:
Some religious aspects of Islam: a collection of articles
2244:
679:
2452:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 263.
1377:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Biblica. p. 205.
4750:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
1966:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 200.
641:
to guard Adam. The angel was absent when Adam ate the
502:
The Black Stone plays a central role in the ritual of
185:
The silver frame around the Black Stone and the black
1962:. In Ali, Saad; Nishino, Ko; Manocha, Dinesh (eds.).
1957:
32:
The Black Stone is seen through a portal in the Kaaba
5448:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
1611:
735:
724:
718:
712:
702:
609:
577:
569:
563:
553:
531:
525:
517:
509:
503:
95:
The stone was venerated at the Kaaba in pre-Islamic
55:
1576:
Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes]
1463:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 88–89.
867:. University of California Press. pp. 221–23.
2618:
1934:Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Meccah
1706:. Central European University Press. p. 105.
117:Muslim pilgrims circle the Kaaba as a part of the
1803:Mecca: a literary history of the Muslim Holy Land
1046:
1044:
562:The Black Stone and the Kaaba's opposite corner,
441:In the 11th century, a man allegedly sent by the
6268:
5058:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
3646:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
2272:
2270:
1764:
1762:
1525:The Yoni, Sacred Symbol of Female Creative Power
1136:. Henry Colburn, New Burlington Street. p.
457:Sunni belief, by the accusation of one boy, the
214:
2134:
1552:. University of California Press. p. 222.
1347:
283:clan elders lifting the Black Stone into place.
60:) is a rock set into the eastern corner of the
2038:
1405:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 108.
1123:
1041:
995:
584:(donation) as a penance if they touch either.
419:set the Black Stone up in his own mosque, the
2604:
2516:Classical Islam: A History 600 A.D.–1258 A.D.
2276:
2267:
1768:
1759:
469:until the ban was overturned by the order of
2718:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
2528:Sheikh Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarkpuri (2002).
2392:
2032:
1614:Classical Islam: A History 600 A.D.–1258 A.D
1397:
998:Meteorites: A Journey Through Space and Time
717:) and in the metropolis naturally a palace (
630:revealed it to him. Ibrahim ordered his son
403:using a silver ligament. In January 930, it
64:, the ancient building in the center of the
1573:Hassan, Ashraf (1991). Cenap Çakmak (ed.).
1084:. Cambridge University Press. p. 200.
1071:
1050:
203:, where they are still kept as part of the
5076:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
4390:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
4192:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
3570:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
2611:
2597:
2259:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2193:(First Vintage Books ed.). New York:
2191:The Silk Roads: A New History of the World
2045:. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 75.
1951:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1693:
1522:
1516:
1487:Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations
1258:"The Biblical Injunction Against Idolatry"
1255:
1144:
1129:
697:summed up the meaning of the Black Stone:
2937:
2575:Time Frame AD 600–800: The March of Islam
2424:
2185:
2148:
2146:
1828:
1826:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1636:
1616:. Aldine Publishing Company. p. 24.
1456:
1194:
1188:
953:
2398:
1907:
1720:
1372:
1077:
591:
587:
493:
485:
423:, with the intention of redirecting the
262:
257:
137:
27:
2363:
2326:
2320:
2306:. Uzima Publishing House. p. 161.
2245:ibn Abd-al-Malik al-Hindi, Ali (1998).
1987:The Saudi Arabia Information Resource.
1910:Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or Foes?
1729:
1403:Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space
991:
989:
912:
887:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
555:Bismillahi Allahu akbar wa lillahi-hamd
399:in 683. The fragments were rejoined by
133:
6269:
3900:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)
3786:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
3590:
2345:from the original on 19 September 2015
2143:
2065:
1860:. St. Martin's College. Archived from
1823:
1800:
1787:
1699:
1681:from the original on 15 September 2021
1572:
1450:
1170:"The Prophet of Islam – His Biography"
1161:
1150:
1021:Ali, Maulana Muhammad (25 July 2011).
1014:
711:in (his) realm there is a metropolis (
5668:
5256:Events, incidents, occasions or times
5254:
4643:
3979:
3635:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
3589:
3363:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
3144:
2644:
2631:
2592:
2472:
2301:
2090:Saying of the Prophet, Collection of
2013:
1547:
1104:
1057:. Rowman Altamira. pp. 245–246.
1051:Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003).
996:Bevan, Alex; De Laeter, John (2002).
942:Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis
939:
862:
745:
84:tradition, dates back to the time of
5587:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
4066:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
2016:Dawn in Madinah: A Pilgrim's Passage
1769:Al-A'zami, Muhammad Mustafa (2003).
1550:Cosmic Debris: Meteorites in History
1483:
1477:
1425:
1419:
1204:. Random House Publishing. pp.
1151:Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856).
986:
865:Cosmic Debris: Meteorites in History
847:
541:Dawn in Madinah: A Pilgrim's Passage
2218:University of Southern California.
1995:from the original on 21 August 2006
1168:University of Southern California.
1020:
906:
315:The Kaaba has been associated with
45:
16:Islamic relic at the Kaaba in Mecca
13:
2386:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1980.tb00176.x
2281:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 120–24.
2179:
2153:"Adam: a Study of Some Legends in
1773:. UK Islamic Academy. p. 24.
1130:Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig (1829).
892:. Lower Hutt, N.Z.: R. Eberhardt.
14:
6323:
5612:('Before the rising of the Sun')
2112:Muhammad and the Origins of Islam
2066:Glassé, Cyril (29 January 2003).
1836:, p. 245. Rowman Altamira, 2001.
1641:Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths
832:, direction in which Muslims pray
197:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
106:in 605 CE, five years before his
76:. It is revered by Muslims as an
5779:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
4215:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
2493:from the original on 5 July 2023
2165:(13). E.J. Brill: 113–74. 1993.
1593:from the original on 5 July 2023
1504:from the original on 5 July 2023
1373:Swartley, Keith E., ed. (2005).
1237:from the original on 5 July 2023
1228:
729:, the Black Stone in the Ka'bah.
5421:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
4826:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
4182:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
2856:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')
2508:
2466:
2441:
2405:Journal of Geophysical Research
2357:
2295:
2238:
2211:
2137:Jami' at-Tirmidhi: Book of Hajj
2135:ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi, Muhammad.
2128:
2097:
2084:
2059:
2018:. The Other Press. p. 21.
2007:
1926:
1901:
1876:
1846:
1663:
1630:
1605:
1566:
1541:
1432:. New York: Doubleday. p.
1391:
1375:Encountering the World of Islam
1366:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1308:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1249:
1222:
386:
178:) and the direction from which
4725:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
4618:at the time of Abraham and Lot
4082:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
3749:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
3241:(Joachim the father of Maryam)
2645:
2632:
2070:. AltaMira Press. p. 91.
1884:"Black Stone of Mecca (Islam)"
1098:
933:
881:
667:records that, when the second
481:
1:
4644:
2518:. Aldine Publishing Company.
2514:Grunebaum, G. E. von (1970).
2476:Meteorite: Nature and Culture
2338:(13). Erste Abtheilung: 1–5.
2068:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
1612:Grunebaum, G. E. von (1970).
1054:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
1000:. UNSW Pres. pp. 14–15.
836:
267:A 1315 illustration from the
215:Appearance of the Black Stone
5517:(The Afternoon or the Night)
5415:12 months: Four holy months
4967:('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
4560:(s) or People of the Injil)
3898:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel
3427:names and titles of Muhammad
3145:
2672:found in the Quran, such as
2558:Mohamed, Mamdouh N. (1996).
2327:Partsch, Paul Maria (1857).
2277:Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava (1981).
2139:. Vol. 2nd, Hadith 959.
1908:Keynoush, Banafsheh (2016).
1457:Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad (1955).
913:Mohamed, Mamdouh N. (1996).
841:
339:claims that the divine name
236:Visiting the Kaaba in 1853,
21:Black Stone (disambiguation)
7:
5286:(Flood of the Great Dam of
3607:Adam's immediate relatives
1858:Overview of World Religions
1801:Peters, Francis E. (1994).
823:
736:
725:
719:
713:
703:
610:
578:
570:
564:
554:
532:
526:
518:
510:
504:
430:According to the historian
359:
56:
10:
6328:
5493:('Remembrance', including
5139:(literally 'The Barrier')
4167:('Companions of the Wood')
4056:Companions of the Elephant
4005:People of the Burnt Garden
3980:
3369:('Companion of the Whale')
2965:('The Trustworthy Spirit')
2560:Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z
1807:Princeton University Press
1523:Camphausen, Rufus (1996).
1256:Rabinowitz, Louis (2008).
916:Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z
762:or—most popularly—a stony
691:Muhammad Labib al-Batanuni
349:and cognate to one of the
80:relic which, according to
18:
6222:
6181:
6109:
6032:
5993:
5942:
5908:
5872:
5845:
5767:
5760:('Mother of the Book(s)')
5675:
5669:
5664:
5630:
5464:
5435:
5404:
5386:(The Sabbath or Saturday)
5364:
5312:
5308:
5261:
5250:
5111:
5000:
4947:
4887:
4732:
4680:, literally 'The Garden')
4650:
4639:
4569:Qissis (Christian priest)
4485:
4421:
4348:
4272:
4103:
3990:
3986:
3975:
3907:
3843:
3774:
3713:
3600:
3596:
3585:
3544:
3495:
3398:
3157:
3153:
3140:
3103:
3060:
3015:
2867:
2798:
2696:
2689:
2685:
2651:
2640:
2627:
2619:People and things in the
1989:"The Holy City of Makkah"
1834:New Encyclopedia of Islam
1675:www.themitzvahproject.org
1637:Armstrong, Karen (1996).
1579:. ABC-CLIO. p. 262.
4616:Mesopotamian polytheists
4564:Ruhban (Christian monks)
4438:(People of the Verandah)
4315:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
4118:(literally 'The Romans')
4038:Companions of Noah's Ark
3955:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
3884:(Korah, cousin of Moses)
3804:Magicians of the Pharaoh
3706:(Muhammad's adopted son)
2998:(Angel of Death, Azrael)
2782:(fish or whale) of Jonah
2573:Time-Life Books (1988).
2399:Prescott, J. R. (2004).
2302:Shenk, David W. (2006).
2014:Iqbal, Muzaffar (2007).
1912:. Springer. p. 59.
1348:Robert E. Krebs (1999).
795:University of Copenhagen
793:Elsebeth Thomsen of the
451:Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
221:Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
6253:21.422500°N 39.826167°E
6099:Forbidden fruit of Adam
5569:('Decline of the Sun')
5457:(The Lesser Pilgrimage)
5187:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
4612:at the time of Muhammad
4586:Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
4043:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm
3939:the companion of Joshua
2773:(female ant) of Solomon
2163:Israel Oriental Studies
1888:Encyclopædia Britannica
1677:. The Mitzvah Project.
1548:Burke, John G. (1991).
1078:Al-Azmeh, Aziz (2017).
863:Burke, John G. (1991).
401:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
5711:(Scroll(s) of Abraham)
5703:(The Book of Muhammad)
5213:Cave of Seven Sleepers
5036:, literally 'Place of
4924:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah
4300:Companions of the Rass
4201:Companions of Muhammad
4047:Companions of the Cave
2982:Angel of the Trumpet (
2562:. Amana Publications.
2543:Elliott, Jeri (1992).
1938:Richard Francis Burton
1700:ʻAẓmah, ʻAzīz (2007).
1645:. A.A. Knopf. p.
1201:Islam: A Short History
964:10.30674/scripta.67366
919:. Amana Publications.
888:Elliott, Jeri (1992).
815:Natural History Museum
731:
678:, it is recorded that
601:
560:
499:
491:
475:Richard Francis Burton
284:
247:
238:Richard Francis Burton
234:
143:
33:
6302:Meteorites in culture
5952:(literally 'lamps'):
5865:statue) of Israelites
5798:(Casket of Shekhinah)
5300:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
5147:(Black Stone) &
4927:('The Blessed Place')
4395:Daughters of Muhammad
4385:Household of Muhammad
4361:Household of Abraham
4209:(literally 'Helpers')
3664:Disciples (including
3324:the son of Zechariah)
2913:(Honourable Scribes)
2901:Bearers of the Throne
2473:Golia, Maria (2015).
1426:Rice, Edward (1978).
1262:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1105:Aydın, Hilmi (2004).
1024:The Religion of Islam
777:, the curator of the
758:, a piece of natural
699:
595:
588:Meaning and symbolism
549:
497:
489:
447:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
347:names of God in Islam
266:
258:History and tradition
242:
229:
141:
31:
6258:21.422500; 39.826167
5732:(Scroll(s) of Moses)
5610:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams
5327:('the Confederates')
5315:military expeditions
5090:The Prophet's Mosque
5048:('The Sacred Grove')
4844:(Station of Abraham)
4659:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah
4335:('Companions of the
4134:(Sodom and Gomorrah)
4126:(Children of Israel)
3821:Moses' sister-in-law
3800:, who adopted Moses)
3743:, Qatafir or Qittin)
3722:Brothers (including
3468:He who spoke to God)
2791:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ
2763:sleepers of the cave
2731:) of the Abyssinians
2530:Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum
2426:10.1029/2003JE002136
1484:Tate, Karen (2006).
490:Black Stone in Kaaba
417:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
134:Physical description
46:ٱلْحَجَرُ ٱلْأَسْوَد
6277:Islamic pilgrimages
6249: /
5351:Expedition of Tabuk
5295:Farewell Pilgrimage
5045:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
4964:Munzalanm-Mubārakan
4783:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
4758:Iram of the Pillars
4061:People of al-Ukhdūd
4013:(Companions of the
3472:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh
2739:Domesticated donkey
2709:(cow) of Israelites
2545:Your Door to Arabia
2417:2004JGRE..109.1008P
2378:1980Metic..15...87T
2220:"Pilgrimage (Hajj)"
1809:. pp. 125–26.
890:Your Door to Arabia
695:Muhammad Hamidullah
672:Umar ibn al-Khattab
473:. The explorer Sir
351:Jewish names of God
296:of the Middle East
5806:Trumpet of Israfil
5552:('The Late-Night')
5419:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām
5165:(Cave of the Bull)
5150:Al-Hijr of Isma'il
5062:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām
4754:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād
4739:(excluding Madyan)
4662:('The Holy Land')
4610:Meccan polytheists
4548:People of the Book
4406:Household of Salih
4381:Household of Moses
4329:(people of Ṣāliḥ)
4030:Disciples of Jesus
4002:People of Paradise
3794:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim
3683:People of Solomon
3643:People of Abraham
3623:Believer of Ya-Sin
3591:People of Prophets
3289:(Jethro, Reuel or
3096:('Rebellious one')
2820:Beast of the Earth
2479:. Reaktion Books.
1671:"The Names of God"
746:Scientific origins
602:
500:
492:
285:
271:, inspired by the
157:Muhammad Ali Pasha
144:
123:ritual during the
34:
6312:Temple of Artemis
6232:
6231:
6218:
6217:
6191:(Water or fluid)
6177:
6176:
6164:Sidrat al-Muntahā
6008:(Garlic or wheat)
5938:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5602:('The Afternoon')
5593:('The Afternoon')
5523:('The Mornings')
5356:Conquest of Mecca
5341:Battle of Khaybar
5277:Event of Mubahala
5273:(Night of Decree)
5246:
5245:
5201:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn
5144:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad
5107:
5106:
5099:Salat (Synagogue)
5052:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā
4903:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan
4736:Arabian Peninsula
4711:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
4635:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4365:Brothers of Yūsuf
4236:Children of Ayyub
4229:Wife of Abu Lahab
4187:People of Fir'aun
4178:(People of Jonah)
4152:People of Shuaib
4138:People of Ibrahim
4071:People of Yathrib
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3946:Nebuchadnezzar II
3839:
3838:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3540:
3539:
3409:and Strong Will')
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3011:
3010:
2951:(Gabriel, chief)
2863:
2862:
2524:978-0-202-15016-1
2459:978-0-521-66303-8
2313:978-9966-855-21-3
2288:978-90-04-06329-7
2226:on 30 August 2006
2204:978-1-101-94633-6
2052:978-1-74059-667-1
2025:978-983-9154-92-4
1973:978-1-4614-8483-7
1816:978-0-691-03267-2
1780:978-1-872531-65-6
1752:978-1-932099-72-0
1713:978-963-7326-73-8
1656:978-0-679-43596-9
1623:978-0-202-15016-1
1586:978-1-61-069217-5
1559:978-0-520-07396-8
1534:978-0-89281-562-3
1497:978-1-888729-11-5
1470:978-0-19-636033-1
1443:978-0-385-08563-2
1215:978-0-8129-6618-3
1116:978-1-932099-72-0
1091:978-1-316-64155-2
1064:978-0-7591-0190-6
1034:978-1-934271-18-6
1007:978-0-86840-490-5
926:978-0-915957-54-5
899:978-0-473-01546-6
874:978-0-520-07396-8
726:al-Hajar al-Aswad
611:al-Rukn al-Yamani
565:al-Rukn al-Yamani
393:Umayyad Caliphate
381:Conquest of Mecca
371:Sirah Rasul Allah
310:Temple of Artemis
273:Sirah Rasul Allah
225:Travels in Arabia
195:in their role as
172:al-Rukn al-Yamani
57:al-Ḥajar al-Aswad
54:
6319:
6307:Hajj terminology
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6118:Plants of Sheba
6030:
6029:
5873:Of Noah's people
5843:
5842:
5811:
5810:
5802:Throne of Bilqis
5795:Tābūt as-Sakīnah
5736:Tablets of Stone
5666:
5665:
5649:First Pilgrimage
5465:Times for prayer
5408:Islamic calendar
5336:Battle of Hunayn
5310:
5309:
5252:
5251:
5191:Bayt al-Muqaddas
4730:
4729:
4641:
4640:
4400:Muhammad's wives
4375:Progeny of Imran
4257:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj
4159:People of Madyan
4101:
4100:
4090:
4089:
3988:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3711:
3710:
3677:Zechariah's wife
3661:People of Jesus
3650:Ishmael's mother
3598:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3396:
3395:
3337:Isrāʾīl (Israel)
3322:John the Baptist
3155:
3154:
3142:
3141:
2935:
2934:
2929:Munkar and Nakir
2694:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2222:. Archived from
2215:
2209:
2208:
2187:Frankopan, Peter
2183:
2177:
2176:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1955:
1949:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:on 28 April 2007
1850:
1844:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1745:. Tughra Books.
1738:
1727:
1726:Al-Azmeh, p. 219
1724:
1718:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1644:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1196:Armstrong, Karen
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1172:. Archived from
1165:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1109:. Tughra Books.
1102:
1096:
1095:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1018:
1012:
1011:
993:
984:
983:
957:
937:
931:
930:
910:
904:
903:
885:
879:
878:
860:
805:, a site in the
779:Austro-Hungarian
776:
741:
728:
722:
716:
710:
706:
685:
613:
583:
575:
567:
557:
535:
529:
523:
515:
507:
319:of Arabia. Some
294:Semitic cultures
269:Jami al-Tawarikh
168:Hajar as-Sa’adah
164:al-Rukn al-Aswad
108:first revelation
59:
49:
47:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6267:
6266:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6214:
6173:
6111:
6105:
6028:
5989:
5944:
5930:
5904:
5868:
5841:
5815:
5814:Mentioned idols
5809:
5771:
5769:
5763:
5708:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm
5671:
5652:
5643:Laylat al-Mabit
5626:
5578:('The Evening')
5567:Dulūk ash-Shams
5535:('The Morning')
5529:('The Morning')
5466:
5460:
5431:
5406:
5400:
5389:Days of battles
5360:
5314:
5304:
5265:Incident of Ifk
5257:
5242:
5233:Palestine River
5103:
5072:Masjid al-Dirar
5002:
4996:
4943:
4891:
4883:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4665:'Blessed' Land'
4646:
4623:
4487:
4481:
4462:Umayyad Dynasty
4423:
4409:
4370:Lot's daughters
4354:
4353:('People of the
4352:
4344:
4296:(people of Hud)
4282:
4268:
4260:(Gog and Magog)
4143:People of Ilyas
4096:
4094:
4088:
4021:Jesus' apostles
3998:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
3982:
3963:
3909:
3903:
3867:of Moses' time)
3835:
3811:Wise, pious man
3798:Wife of Pharaoh
3790:Imraʾat Firʿawn
3777:Aaron and Moses
3776:
3770:
3726:(Benjamin) and
3715:
3709:
3627:Family of Noah
3592:
3573:
3536:
3491:
3462:Mūsā Kalīmullāh
3408:
3406:
3404:
3394:
3320:ibn Zakariyyā (
3149:
3128:
3099:
3056:
3007:
2969:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus
2959:('The Spirit')
2933:
2911:Kirāman Kātibīn
2906:Harut and Marut
2883:Angels of Hell
2859:
2794:
2681:
2647:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2511:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2446:
2442:
2397:
2393:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2275:
2268:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2133:
2129:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1956:
1952:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1799:
1788:
1781:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1304:Isaiah 44:17–18
1302:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1229:Ezra, Eliyahu.
1227:
1223:
1216:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1176:on 23 July 2011
1166:
1162:
1149:
1145:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1019:
1015:
1008:
994:
987:
955:10.1.1.1017.315
938:
934:
927:
911:
907:
900:
886:
882:
875:
861:
848:
844:
839:
826:
770:
748:
708:
683:
643:forbidden fruit
622:and forgotten.
590:
484:
421:Masjid al-Dirar
389:
362:
317:fertility rites
286:
260:
217:
193:Ottoman Sultans
136:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6325:
6315:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6230:
6229:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6203:(River or sea)
6198:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6151:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6129:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6093:
6083:
6073:
6063:
6053:
6047:
6036:
6034:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5959:
5948:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5823:
5819:
5817:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5799:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5753:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5712:
5704:
5695:
5681:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5646:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5594:
5579:
5564:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5543:('The Night')
5538:
5537:
5536:
5530:
5518:
5499:('Praising'),
5470:
5468:
5467:or remembrance
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5449:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5412:
5410:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5346:Battle of Uhud
5343:
5338:
5333:
5331:Battle of Badr
5328:
5318:
5316:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5279:
5274:
5270:Laylat al-Qadr
5266:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5162:Ghār ath-Thawr
5158:
5153:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5074:
5069:
5059:
5049:
5027:
5022:
5015:
5006:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4985:('Township of
4980:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4954:
4952:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4913:Al-Wādil-Ayman
4907:Valley of Tuwa
4895:
4893:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4848:Safa and Marwa
4845:
4837:
4827:
4818:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4785:
4776:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4742:
4740:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4696:Door of Hittah
4693:
4681:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4531:
4519:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4499:
4496:Ahl al-Dhimmah
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4464:
4459:
4457:Iranian people
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4358:
4356:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4302:
4297:
4290:
4288:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4197:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad
4189:
4184:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah
4162:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4104:
4098:
4087:
4086:
4085:Nation of Noah
4083:
4077:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4018:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3937:Caleb or Kaleb
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3744:
3731:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3692:Queen of Sheba
3689:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3655:Isaac's mother
3652:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3604:
3602:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3568:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn
3565:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3520:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3496:Debatable ones
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3479:
3478:Friend of God)
3469:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3451:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3412:
3410:
3405:('Those of the
3393:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3325:
3315:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3252:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3192:
3182:
3172:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3073:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2991:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2963:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn
2945:
2943:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2755:
2742:
2732:
2719:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2571:
2556:
2541:
2526:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2486:978-1780235479
2485:
2465:
2458:
2440:
2411:(E1): E01008.
2391:
2356:
2319:
2312:
2294:
2287:
2266:
2237:
2210:
2203:
2197:. p. 75.
2189:(March 2017).
2178:
2172:978-9004099012
2171:
2142:
2127:
2104:Shaykh Tabarsi
2096:
2083:
2077:978-0759101906
2076:
2058:
2051:
2031:
2024:
2006:
1979:
1972:
1950:
1925:
1919:978-1137589392
1918:
1900:
1875:
1845:
1832:Cyril Glassé,
1822:
1815:
1786:
1779:
1758:
1751:
1728:
1719:
1712:
1692:
1662:
1655:
1629:
1622:
1604:
1585:
1565:
1558:
1540:
1533:
1515:
1496:
1476:
1469:
1449:
1442:
1418:
1412:978-0307792273
1411:
1390:
1384:978-1932805246
1383:
1365:
1359:978-0313302268
1358:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1285:
1282:Leviticus 26:1
1274:
1248:
1221:
1214:
1187:
1160:
1143:
1122:
1115:
1097:
1090:
1070:
1063:
1040:
1033:
1013:
1006:
985:
932:
925:
905:
898:
880:
873:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
833:
825:
822:
747:
744:
639:Garden of Eden
589:
586:
545:Muzaffar Iqbal
483:
480:
413:Eastern Arabia
397:siege of Mecca
388:
385:
361:
358:
261:
259:
256:
216:
213:
209:Topkapı Palace
135:
132:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6324:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6265:
6262:
6226:
6221:
6210:
6207:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6110:Bushes, trees
6108:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5941:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:Of Israelites
5844:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:(cult images)
5812:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5790:
5789:Staff of Musa
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5766:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5667:
5663:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5405:Months of the
5403:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5283:Sayl al-ʿArim
5280:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:(Mesopotamia)
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5066:Sacred Mosque
5063:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:or Tīh Desert
4890:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:Maqām Ibrāhīm
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4638:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4591:Rabbani/Rabbi
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4420:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4347:
4338:
4334:
4333:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr
4331:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4148:People of Nuh
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4091:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4011:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt
4009:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3974:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Bal'am/Balaam
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:not specified
3906:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Mary's mother
3670:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3631:Father Lamech
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3584:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:(Son of Mary)
3455:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:son of Jacob)
3380:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3303:son of David)
3302:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3084:(the (chief)
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2816:Dābbat al-Arḍ
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2761:(dog) of the
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2584:
2583:0-8094-6420-9
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:0-915957-54-X
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:0-473-01546-3
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:1-59144-071-8
2535:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2247:Kanz al-Ummal
2241:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2195:Vintage Books
2192:
2188:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2161:Literature".
2160:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2124:0-7914-1876-6
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2010:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:As quoted in
1929:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:"Qarmatiyyah"
1849:
1843:
1842:0-7591-0190-6
1839:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1337:Habakkuk 2:19
1333:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1315:Jeremiah 2:27
1311:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1278:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1003:
999:
992:
990:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
951:
947:
943:
936:
928:
922:
918:
917:
909:
901:
895:
891:
884:
876:
870:
866:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
846:
831:
828:
827:
821:
818:
816:
811:
808:
807:Rub' al Khali
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
783:
780:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
743:
740:
739:
730:
727:
721:
715:
705:
698:
696:
692:
688:
681:
677:
676:Kanz al-Ummal
673:
670:
666:
661:
657:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
606:
599:
594:
585:
582:
581:
574:
573:
566:
559:
556:
548:
546:
542:
537:
534:
528:
522:
521:
514:
513:
506:
496:
488:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
384:
382:
376:
373:
372:
367:
357:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
337:Aziz Al-Azmeh
334:
330:
325:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
255:
252:
246:
241:
239:
233:
228:
226:
222:
212:
210:
206:
205:sacred relics
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
140:
131:
128:
127:
122:
121:
115:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
52:
43:
39:
30:
26:
22:
6287:Sacred rocks
6244:39°49′34.2″E
6241:21°25′21.0″N
6234:
6224:
6208:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6153:
6143:
6131:
6121:
6095:In Paradise
6085:
6075:
6065:
6055:
6049:
6039:
6023:
6020:(Plant stem)
6017:
6011:
6005:
5999:
5994:Plant matter
5981:
5975:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5858:
5829:
5825:
5793:
5757:Umm al-Kitāb
5755:
5742:
5729:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā
5727:
5714:
5706:
5697:
5684:
5641:
5637:Ghadir Khumm
5621:('The Dawn')
5615:
5609:
5596:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5566:
5563:('The Noon')
5557:
5546:
5540:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5472:
5451:
5442:
5392:Days of Hajj
5380:
5377:(The Friday)
5371:
5323:
5281:
5268:
5236:Paradise of
5223:Jordan River
5218:Dār an-Nadwa
5217:
5199:
5161:
5156:Cave of Hira
5148:
5143:
5142:
5133:
5080:Masjid Qubāʾ
5079:
5061:
5051:
5043:
5029:
5017:
5009:
4983:Qaryat Yūnus
4982:
4972:
4962:
4922:
4912:
4898:
4889:Sinai Region
4871:Dam of Sheba
4866:
4854:
4839:
4829:
4820:
4805:
4787:
4765:
4753:
4745:
4715:
4710:
4700:
4683:
4670:
4657:
4575:
4553:
4544:Ahl al-Kitāb
4543:
4521:
4517:Zoroastrians
4513:
4508:disbelievers
4501:
4494:
4452:Banu Qurayza
4447:Banu Qaynuqa
4436:Ahl as-Suffa
4435:
4349:
4332:
4304:
4273:
4256:
4241:Sons of Adam
4196:
4172:
4164:
4155:
4129:
4123:Banī Isrāʾīl
4121:
4114:
4079:
4042:
4025:
4010:
3997:
3942:Luqman's son
3789:
3753:
3746:
3736:
3640:Luqman's son
3611:Martyred son
3503:Dhūl-Qarnain
3453:
3443:
3407:Perseverance
3399:
3377:ibn Ya‘qūb (
3367:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt
3366:
3355:('He of the
3352:
3265:Dhabih Ullah
3121:
3116:
3110:
3091:
3079:
3061:
3049:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3016:
2995:Malakul-Mawt
2993:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2939:
2910:
2891:
2868:
2847:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2758:
2754:) of Solomon
2745:
2734:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2673:
2574:
2559:
2544:
2515:
2509:Bibliography
2495:. Retrieved
2475:
2468:
2449:
2443:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2335:
2322:
2303:
2297:
2278:
2246:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:the original
2213:
2190:
2181:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2136:
2130:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2086:
2067:
2061:
2042:Saudi Arabia
2041:
2034:
2015:
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1982:
1963:
1953:
1945:
1928:
1909:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1887:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:the original
1857:
1848:
1833:
1802:
1770:
1742:
1722:
1702:
1695:
1685:15 September
1683:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1640:
1632:
1613:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1575:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1486:
1479:
1459:
1452:
1428:
1421:
1402:
1399:Isaac Asimov
1393:
1374:
1368:
1349:
1343:
1332:
1321:
1310:
1299:
1288:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1224:
1200:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:the original
1163:
1153:
1146:
1132:
1125:
1106:
1100:
1080:
1073:
1053:
1023:
1016:
997:
945:
941:
935:
915:
908:
889:
883:
864:
819:
812:
792:
784:
768:Paul Partsch
749:
732:
714:Umm al-Qurra
700:
689:
662:
658:
651:
636:
607:
603:
561:
550:
540:
538:
501:
471:Muhammad Ali
440:
429:
424:
420:
390:
387:Desecrations
377:
369:
363:
353:
345:(one of the
340:
326:
314:
287:
251:Muhammad Ali
248:
243:
240:noted that:
235:
230:
224:
218:
186:
184:
175:
171:
167:
163:
161:
145:
124:
118:
116:
94:
74:Saudi Arabia
66:Grand Mosque
37:
35:
25:
6256: /
6070:Pomegranate
5970:(The Earth)
5863:golden calf
5436:Pilgrimages
5169:Hudaybiyyah
5084:Quba Mosque
5038:Prostration
4989:,' that is
4950:Mesopotamia
4939:Mount Tabor
4935:Mount Sinai
4917:Mount Sinai
4867:ʿArim Sabaʾ
4605:Polytheists
4355:Household')
4350:Ahl al-Bayt
4307:(People of
4305:Qawm Tubbaʿ
4251:Wife of Lut
4246:Wife of Nuh
4097:or families
4095:ethnicities
3816:Moses' wife
3299:ibn Dāwūd (
3081:ash-Shayṭān
2973:Holy Spirit
2799:Non-related
2366:Meteoritics
771: [
704:yamin-Allah
539:Writing in
482:Ritual role
375:its place.
354:Ha'Rachaman
38:Black Stone
6271:Categories
5964:(Planets)
5958:(The Moon)
5909:Of Quraysh
5784:Noah's Ark
5677:Holy books
5521:Al-Ghuduww
5515:Al-ʿAshiyy
5479:Invocation
5471:Times for
5322:Battle of
5313:Battles or
4905:(The Holy
4771:(formerly
4718:(Mainland
4528:Hypocrites
4475:People of
4442:Banu Nadir
4422:Implicitly
4264:Son of Nuh
4222:People of
4156:Ahl Madyan
4131:Muʾtafikāt
4051:Al-Raqaim?
4026:Ḥawāriyyūn
3908:Implied or
3853:(possibly
3783:Egyptians
3775:People of
3733:Egyptians
3554:(Jeremiah)
3454:Ibn Maryam
3207:(Ezekiel?)
3046:(Asmodeus)
2940:Muqarrabun
2676:(Generous)
2646:Non-humans
2634:Characters
2497:30 October
2249:. Lebanon.
2116:SUNY Press
1942:Burckhardt
1597:30 October
1508:30 October
1326:Hosea 2:13
1293:Isaiah 2:9
1180:3 December
972:7814979907
837:References
754:stone, an
720:Bait-Allah
432:al-Juwayni
409:Qarmatians
405:was stolen
306:idolatrous
290:Nabataeans
254:the face.
6158:Date palm
6148:Palm tree
6136:Lote-tree
6112:or plants
6056:Qith-thāʾ
5984:(The Sun)
5982:Ash-Shams
5943:Celestial
5836:False god
5772:or beings
5770:of people
5752:of David)
5694:of Jesus)
5527:Al-Bukrah
5290:in Sheba)
5068:of Mecca)
5025:Monastery
5003:locations
5001:Religious
4958:Al-Jūdiyy
4651:Mentioned
4645:Locations
4558:Christian
4538:Believers
4523:Munāfiqūn
4486:Religious
4424:mentioned
4337:Stoneland
4213:Muhajirun
3991:Mentioned
3893:Abū Lahab
3888:As-Sāmirī
3878:(Goliath)
3844:Evil ones
3758:Zulaykhah
3714:People of
3601:Good ones
3401:Ulul-ʿAzm
3389:Zechariah
3385:Zakariyyā
3205:Dhūl-Kifl
3158:Mentioned
3004:(Michael)
2893:Zabāniyah
2870:Malāʾikah
2842:Honey bee
2435:0148-0227
2372:(1): 87.
2349:29 August
2255:cite book
2230:12 August
2094:, VII, 49
1999:12 August
980:191262972
950:CiteSeerX
842:Citations
799:impactite
764:meteorite
366:Ibn Ishaq
342:ar-Rahman
333:reverence
275:story of
112:meteorite
51:romanized
6146:(Tender
6126:Tamarisk
6060:Cucumber
5978:(Stars)
5956:Al-Qamar
5921:Al-ʿUzzā
5768:Objects
5582:Qabl al-
5533:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ
5396:Doomsday
5324:al-Aḥzāb
5014:(Church)
4747:Al-Aḥqāf
4685:Jahannam
4678:Paradise
4285:Bedouins
4080:Qawm Lūṭ
3922:Abu Bakr
3752:Wife of
3741:Potiphar
3724:Binyāmin
3444:Al-Masīḥ
3416:Muḥammad
3353:Dhūn-Nūn
3297:Sulaymān
3235:(Elijah)
3147:Prophets
3063:Shayāṭīn
3021:(Genies)
2849:Qaswarah
2830:Wild ass
2808:(Female
2806:ʿAnkabūt
2729:elephant
2491:Archived
2340:Archived
2118:, 1994.
2114:, p. 5.
1993:Archived
1679:Archived
1591:Archived
1502:Archived
1401:(2011).
1267:20 April
1235:Archived
1198:(2002).
824:See also
647:Khurasan
360:Muhammad
279:and the
277:Muhammad
201:Istanbul
176:al-qabul
104:Muhammad
6211:(Drink)
6197:(River)
6182:Liquids
6014:(Shoot)
6002:(Onion)
5962:Kawākib
5950:Maṣābīḥ
5895:Yaghūth
5631:Implied
5591:Al-Aṣīl
5541:Al-Layl
5425:Ramaḍān
5374:Jumuʿah
5238:Shaddad
5130:Arabia
5124:Antakya
5119:Antioch
5112:Implied
5056:Al-Aqsa
4991:Nineveh
4977:Babylon
4822:Ḥaraman
4792:(Hegra)
4789:Al-Ḥijr
4779:ʿArafāt
4773:Yathrib
4768:Madīnah
4598:Sabians
4534:Muslims
4503:Kāfirūn
4471:Khazraj
4322:Quraysh
4093:Tribes,
4015:Sabbath
3959:Shaddad
3932:Barṣīṣā
3865:Pharaoh
3861:Firʿawn
3558:Ṣamūʾīl
3545:Implied
3476:Abraham
3448:Messiah
3301:Solomon
3287:Shuʿayb
3259:Ishmael
3255:Ismāʿīl
3219:(Eber?)
3213:(Aaron)
3175:Al-Yasa
3112:Ghilmān
2988:Raphael
2984:Isrāfīl
2747:hud-hud
2697:Related
2690:Animals
2413:Bibcode
2374:Bibcode
2092:Tirmizi
1241:28 June
948:: 176.
738:Qiyamah
628:Jibrail
624:Ibrahim
580:kaffara
527:istilam
505:istilam
459:Persian
455:archaic
445:caliph
443:Fatimid
407:by the
321:New Age
207:in the
182:rises.
180:Canopus
153:Ali Bey
101:prophet
78:Islamic
53::
6282:Stones
6209:Sharāb
6169:Zaqqūm
6086:Zaytūn
6066:Rummān
6052:(Herb)
6044:Lentil
6033:Fruits
6026:(Seed)
5968:Al-Arḍ
5945:bodies
5916:Al-Lāt
5831:Ṭāghūt
5822:'Ansāb
5750:Psalms
5717:Tawrāt
5700:Qurʾān
5692:Gospel
5584:Ghurūb
5549:ʿIshāʾ
5508:Tasbīḥ
5502:Takbīr
5496:Taḥmīd
5288:Ma'rib
5208:Canaan
5195:'Ariha
5193:&
5034:Mosque
5030:Masjid
5019:Miḥrāb
4830:Kaʿbah
4824:Āminan
4816:Bakkah
4806:Makkah
4801:Ḥunayn
4733:In the
4705:Midian
4701:Madyan
4673:Jannah
4554:Naṣārā
4488:groups
4431:Amalek
4327:Thamūd
4115:Ar-Rūm
4075:Medina
3981:Groups
3951:Nimrod
3917:Abraha
3831:Sister
3826:Mother
3766:Mother
3728:Simeon
3716:Joseph
3697:Vizier
3687:Mother
3562:Samuel
3552:Irmiyā
3531:Gideon
3513:Maryam
3508:Luqmān
3425:Other
3379:Joseph
3328:Yaʿqūb
3239:ʿImrān
3179:Elisha
3117:Wildān
3104:Others
3068:Demons
3036:ʿIfrīt
3002:Mīkāil
2971:('The
2956:Ar-Rūḥ
2949:Jibrīl
2875:Angels
2810:spider
2770:namlah
2752:hoopoe
2706:baqara
2658:('The
2581:
2566:
2551:
2536:
2522:
2483:
2456:
2433:
2310:
2285:
2201:
2169:
2155:Tafsir
2122:
2108:Tafsir
2074:
2049:
2022:
1970:
1946:per se
1916:
1893:11 May
1840:
1813:
1777:
1749:
1710:
1653:
1620:
1583:
1556:
1531:
1494:
1467:
1440:
1409:
1381:
1356:
1212:
1113:
1088:
1061:
1031:
1004:
978:
970:
952:
923:
896:
871:
788:pumice
752:basalt
709:
684:
669:Caliph
665:hadith
654:heaven
632:Ismael
512:takbir
329:Tabala
302:Tanakh
281:Meccan
188:kiswah
82:Muslim
42:Arabic
6297:Kaaba
6225:Note:
6154:Nakhl
6144:Līnah
6090:Olive
6040:ʿAdas
6012:Shaṭʾ
6000:Baṣal
5976:Nujūm
5926:Manāt
5900:Yaʿūq
5885:Suwāʿ
5853:Baʿal
5748:(The
5745:Zabūr
5722:Torah
5720:(The
5690:(The
5687:Injīl
5670:Other
5575:Masāʾ
5490:Dhikr
5484:Ṣalāh
5474:Duʿāʾ
5454:Umrah
5230:River
5174:Ta'if
5136:Ḥijāz
5064:(The
5011:Bayʿa
4987:Jonah
4973:Bābil
4861:Sheba
4856:Sabaʾ
4834:Kaaba
4810:Mecca
4720:Egypt
4576:Yahūd
4514:Majūs
4309:Tubba
4280:Arabs
4275:Aʿrāb
4224:Mecca
4207:Anṣār
4175:Yūnus
4173:Qawm
3882:Qārūn
3876:Jālūt
3871:Hāmān
3855:Terah
3754:ʿAzīz
3747:Malik
3737:ʿAzīz
3666:Peter
3523:Ṭālūt
3466:Moses
3446:(The
3438:Jesus
3421:Aḥmad
3375:Yūsuf
3361:Whale
3347:Jonah
3343:Yūnus
3332:Jacob
3318:Yaḥyā
3308:Uzair
3291:Hobab
3282:Ṣāliḥ
3249:Isaac
3245:Isḥāq
3233:Ilyās
3227:Enoch
3223:Idrīs
3211:Hārūn
3199:David
3195:Dāwūd
3185:Ayyūb
3093:Mārid
3086:Devil
3077:Iblīs
3051:Qarīn
3043:Sakhr
2917:Raqib
2887:Mālik
2826:Ḥimār
2788:nāqat
2735:Ḥimār
2715:dhiʾb
2674:Karīm
2670:Allah
2666:Names
2656:Allāh
2621:Quran
2343:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2159:Hadit
1868:4 May
976:S2CID
830:Qibla
803:Wabar
775:]
760:glass
756:agate
620:Flood
598:Kaaba
572:ihram
533:tawaf
520:tawaf
463:Mecca
149:cubit
120:tawaf
97:pagan
70:Mecca
62:Kaaba
6292:Hajj
6201:Yamm
6195:Nahr
6132:Sidr
6122:Athl
6050:Baql
6024:Zarʿ
5890:Wadd
5880:Nasr
5859:ʿijl
5857:The
5828:and
5826:Jibt
5618:Fajr
5599:ʿAṣr
5560:Ẓuhr
5505:and
5487:and
5481:'),
5452:Al-ʿ
5445:Ḥajj
5383:Sabt
5365:Days
5293:The
5228:Nile
5183:Ayla
4879:Rass
4796:Badr
4781:and
4716:Miṣr
4690:Hell
4580:Jews
4477:Quba
4469:and
4109:Ajam
4049:and
3851:Āzar
3796:the
3704:Zayd
3616:Wife
3527:Saul
3517:Mary
3486:Noah
3434:ʿĪsā
3359:(or
3357:Fish
3312:Ezra
3169:Adam
3165:Ādam
3029:Jann
3018:Jinn
2922:Atid
2854:Lion
2837:Naḥl
2785:The
2776:The
2767:The
2759:kalb
2757:The
2744:The
2721:The
2712:The
2703:The
2579:ISBN
2564:ISBN
2549:ISBN
2534:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2499:2020
2481:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2431:ISSN
2351:2015
2308:ISBN
2283:ISBN
2261:link
2232:2006
2199:ISBN
2167:ISBN
2157:and
2120:ISBN
2072:ISBN
2047:ISBN
2020:ISBN
2001:2006
1968:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1895:2012
1870:2007
1838:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1687:2021
1651:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1599:2020
1581:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1510:2020
1492:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1269:2014
1243:2023
1210:ISBN
1182:2010
1111:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1002:ISBN
968:OCLC
921:ISBN
894:ISBN
869:ISBN
616:Noah
596:The
467:Hajj
436:Kufa
425:hajj
126:hajj
88:and
86:Adam
36:The
6189:Māʾ
6080:Fig
6076:Tīn
6018:Sūq
6006:Fūm
5743:Az-
5715:At-
5698:Al-
5685:Al-
5616:Al-
5597:Al-
5573:Al-
5558:Aẓ-
5547:Al-
5511:):
5443:Al-
5381:As-
5372:Al-
5134:Al-
5040:')
4948:In
4937:or
4901:Wād
4899:Al-
4766:Al-
4671:Al-
4467:Aus
4294:ʿĀd
4283:or
4073:or
3529:or
3482:Nūḥ
3276:Lot
3272:Lūṭ
3217:Hūd
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