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545:"All slave-keepers that keep the innocent in bondage : apostates pretending to lay claim to the pure & holy Christian religion, of what congregation so ever, but especially in their ministers, by whose example the filthy leprosy and apostacy is spread far and near : it is a notorious sin which many of the true Friends of Christ and his pure truth, called Quakers, has been for many years and still are concern'd to write and bear testimony against as a practice so gross & hurtful to religion, and destructive to government beyond what words can set forth, or can be declared of by men or angels, and yet lived in by ministers and magistrates in America"
359:
401:, a polemic against slavery, and sold it for two shillings a copy, twenty shillings a dozen. He regularly visited in Lay's later years, after Lay had become a hermit. Franklin then owned a slave by the name of Joseph and by 1750 he owned two more slaves, Peter and Jemima. Lay pressed him for his justification: "With What Right?" In April 1757, Franklin drafted his new will in which he promised Peter and Jemima that they would be freed after his death.
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stood outside a Quaker meeting in winter wearing no coat and at least one foot bare and in the snow. When a passerby expressed concern for his health, he said that slaves were made to work outdoors in winter dressed as he was. On another occasion, he kidnapped the child of slaveholders temporarily, to show them how
Africans felt when their relatives were sold overseas.
339:
society, Lay was committed to a lifestyle of almost complete self-sustenance after his beloved wife died. Dwelling in the
Pennsylvania countryside in a cave with outside entryway attached, Lay farmed fruit trees, and spun the flax he grew into clothing for himself. Inside the cave he stowed his library: two hundred books of theology, biography, history, and poetry.
433:, in 1759. His legacy continued to inspire the abolitionist movement for generations; throughout the early and mid-19th century, it was common for abolitionist Quakers to keep pictures of Lay in their homes. Benjamin Lay was buried in Abington Friends Meeting's burial ground in a grave whose exact location is unknown, but next to the meeting house and adjacent to
772:
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Friends
Miscellany. Being a Collection of Essays and Fragments, Biographical Religious Epistolary, Narrative and Historical. Designed for the Promotion of Piety and Virtue to Preserve in Remembrance the Characters and Views of Exemplary Individuals, and to Rescue from Oblivion Those Manuscripts, Left
338:
Lay created his own clothes to boycott all commodities produced by the exploitation of others, including animals. He refused to use the wool of sheep and only wore flax-made garments. Refusing to participate in what he described in his tracts as a degraded, hypocritical, tyrannical, and even demonic
366:
He first began advocating for the abolition of slavery when, in
Barbados, he saw an enslaved man commit suicide rather than be hit again by his owner. His passionate enmity of slavery was partially fueled by his Quaker beliefs. Lay made several dramatic demonstrations against the practice. He once
253:. Lay developed a hostile relationship with American Quakers, many of whom owned slaves. He would frequently disrupt Quaker meetings with flamboyant demonstrations to protest against their involvement in slavery. Lay died in early 1759, and his anti-slavery views would go on to inspire successive
467:
Four Quaker meetings disowned Lay for his inconvenient campaigning. In 2018, Southern East Anglia Area
Meeting, part of Britain Yearly Meeting, became the last of the four to "undisown" him. The others were Abington Monthly Meeting and Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in the US and North London Area
1234:
An
American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, containing an Account of the Lives, Characters, and Writings of the most eminent Persons in North America from its first settlement, and a summary of the History of the several colonies and of the United
1453:
479:
1246:
Biographical
Catalogue, being an Account of the Lives of Friends and others whose Portraits are in the London Friends' Institute. Also descriptive Notices of Friends' Schools and Institutions of which the Gallery contains
230:, who was also a Quaker and shared his humanitarian and abolitionist beliefs. Operating a small farm which produced fruit, flax and wool, he refused to consume any product made from slave labour and lived a frugal,
280:
as a merchant. Soon, his abolitionist principles, fueled by his Quaker radicalism, made him unpopular with those fellow residents who profited from slavery and human trafficking. In 1731, Lay emigrated to the
1324:
Cyclopaedia of
American literature embracing personal and critical notices of authors, and selections from their writings, from the earliest period to the present day, with Portraits, Autographs, and other
412:
to paint a portrait of
Benjamin Lay (portrayed above). This portrait was known in the 18th century, but disappeared until it was sold at auction in 1977 for four dollars, restored by conservators at the
917:
273:. After working as a farmhand and shepherd, later as an apprentice glove-maker, Lay ran away to London and became a sailor at age 21. He later returned to England and married Sarah Smith by 1718.
793:
He made honey a staple of his diet ... he ate only fruits and vegetables, drank only milk and water; he was a strict vegetarian and very nearly a vegan two centuries before the word was invented.
464:
erected an historical marker in
Abington commemorating Lay. On April 21, 2018, Abington Friends Meeting unveiled a grave marker for Benjamin and Sarah Lay in its graveyard.
335:. Honey was a staple of his diet, he never killed the bees. He also grew potatoes, radishes and squash. His favourite meal was "turnips boiled, and afterwards roasted".
378:
of Quakers, dressed as a soldier, he concluded a diatribe against slavery, quoting the Bible saying that all men should be equal under God, by plunging a sword into a
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that had ravaged his garden. He had nailed its body parts to the corners of his garden. He felt remorse over the incident and after reading the works of
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As a vegetarian; he ate fruits, honey and vegetables, and drank only milk and water. He planted apple, peach and walnut trees and managed a large
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He published over 200 pamphlets, most of which were impassioned polemics against various social institutions of the time, particularly slavery,
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Memoirs of the lives of Benjamin Lay and Ralph Sandiford, two of the earliest public advocates for the emancipation of the enslaved Africans
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declared himself a vegetarian and recommended a quiet rural life based on "harmony and unity" with the world. Lay came to view a divine
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301:, at a time when Quakers were not yet organized in opposition to slavery. On one occasion Lay carried an animal bladder filled with red
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1297:"Certificate for Benjamin Lay from Colchester Monthly Meeting, dated 12mo. 4, 1731, and addressed to Philadelphia Monthly Meeting".
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Lay was also a prolific writer, writing books and pamphlets which advocated for the abolition of slavery. His 1737 book
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1386:"Aberrations in the Body and in the Body Politic: The Eighteenth-Century Life of Benjamin Lay, Disabled Abolitionist"
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203:. While working as a merchant, his shock at the brutal treatment of slaves in Barbados led Lay to develop lifelong
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Jenkintown encampment, protesters symbolically rechristened the Jenkintown Town Square as "Benjamin Lay Plaza".
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1063:"The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist by Marcus Rediker"
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1095:"The Fearless Benjamin Lay the Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist by Marcus Rediker"
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521:, one of Benjamin Lay's influences; in the Williams painting, Lay is holding a copy of one of Tryon's works
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Beck, W.; Wells, W.F.; Chalkley, H.G. (1888). "Benjamin Lay. Born 1677—died 1759—aged eighty-two years".
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Historical marker for Benjamin Lay placed by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission near the
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with a protruding chest, and his arms were as long as his legs. Lay became a vegetarian after killing a
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Duyckinck, Evert Augustus; Duyckinck, George Long (1856). "Biographical Anecdote of Benjamin Lay".
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159:(January 26, 1682 – February 8, 1759) was an English-born writer, farmer and activist. Born in
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The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist
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The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist
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The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist
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The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist
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The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist
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Lay stood barely over four feet tall, referring to himself as "Little Benjamin". He was a
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Hardy, Rebecca (December 7, 2018). "Benjamin Lay 'undisowned' by four Meetings".
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242:, Lay was roughly four feet tall, and referred to himself as "Little Benjamin".
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1411:
1216:"Account of the life of Benjamin Lay, one of the early antislavery advocates"
472:
325:
231:
1472:
Rosier, Paul (1999). "Benjamin Lay". In Garraty, John; Carnes, Mark (eds.).
1402:
1385:
978:"Cast out by the Quakers, Abington's abolitionist dwarf finally has his day"
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888:
Let This Voice Be Heard: Anthony Benezet, Father of Atlantic Abolitionism
488:
1497:"Benjamin Lay (1681–1759) of Colchester, London, Barbados, Philadelphia"
692:"The "Quaker Comet" Was the Greatest Abolitionist You've Never Heard Of"
637:"The 'Quaker Comet' Was the Greatest Abolitionist You've Never Heard Of"
297:. In Abington, he was one of the earliest and most zealous opponents of
207:, which were reinforced by his humanitarian ideals and Quaker beliefs.
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Kashatus, William C. (1985). "Abington's Fiery Little Abolitionist".
544:
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235:
192:
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1688:
1512:
Rush, Benjamin (1815). "Biographical Anecdotes of Benjamin Lay".
298:
266:
168:
160:
51:
1274:
Bernet, Claus (2001). "Benjamin Lay". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
3885:
2913:
2746:
2726:
2640:
2635:
2546:
1618:
Cole, Wilford P. (1968). "Henry Dawkins and the Quaker Comet".
1548:"A Paradise for All: The relentless radicalism of Benjamin Lay"
1442:
Perry, Marvin (1985). "Benjamin Lay". In Whitman, Alden (ed.).
332:
184:
180:
1527:
Dear friends and bretheren. 25 short biographies of Quaker men
574:"You'll Never Be as Radical as This 18th-Century Quaker Dwarf"
504:
All Slave-Keepers That Keep the Innocent in Bondage, Apostates
399:
All Slave Keepers That keep the Innocent in Bondage, Apostates
247:
All Slave-Keepers That Keep the Innocent in Bondage: Apostates
4558:
2731:
2701:
2630:
2625:
1282:(in German). Vol. 19. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 875–880.
1276:
379:
176:
164:
55:
2751:
2696:
2652:
2573:
1607:"The Story of Benjamin Lay (includes physical description)"
1514:
The Annual Monitor, or, New Letter-Case and Memorandum Book
1299:
The Friend: A Religious, Literary and Miscellaneous Journal
1220:
The Friend: A Religious, Literary and Miscellaneous Journal
1657:
1580:
1126:"5 of the Best Introductory U.S. Disability History Books"
249:
was one of the first abolitionist works published in the
3111:
An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty
1583:
contains an online edition of Benjamin Lay's 1738 book,
836:
A Place at the Table: Struggles for Equality in America
234:
lifestyle, which continued after Sarah died in 1735. A
1328:. Vol. I. Philadelphia: Rutter. pp. 279–280.
1226:(23, 25–29): 180, 196, 204–05, 212, 220, 229–30. 1856.
3143:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1333:
Hunt, John (1833). Comly, John; Comly, Isaac (eds.).
1313:
Memoir of Benjamin Lay, Compiled from Various Sources
324:
presence of God in all living things. He opposed the
1278:
Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
389:
1592:"Benjamin Lay: The Quaker dwarf who fought slavery"
265:Benjamin Lay was born in 1682 to Quaker parents in
1320:
1275:
305:juice under his coat in order to stage a protest.
1525:Skidmore, Gil (2000). "Benjamin Lay. 1683–1759".
1242:
943:"Grave Marker Unveiling – Benjamin and Sarah Lay"
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
5028:
1423:. Vol. I. Wilmington. 1998. pp. 31–33.
1250:. London: Friends' Institute. pp. 418–422.
689:
549:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
2220:
1501:The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society
1263:The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society
949:. Archived from the original on April 22, 2018
716:
685:
683:
676:. Vol. 32. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
2869:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
2206:
1673:
1476:. Vol. XIII. New York. pp. 305–307.
1273:
915:
832:
803:
801:
591:
589:
462:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
362:Condemnation of slavery by Benjamin Lay, 1737
810:These Truths: A History of the United States
16:English-born writer and activist (1682–1759)
826:
680:
5102:British emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
2213:
2199:
1680:
1666:
1539:Pioneers in Freedom: Adventures in Courage
1486:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1446:. New York: H.W. Wilson. pp. 514–515.
1433:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1396:(3). The Ohio State University Libraries.
1384:Kogan, Nathaniel Smith (August 22, 2016).
1316:. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society.
1157:"Benjamin Lay: The Radical "Quaker Comet""
798:
625:
586:
404:As a gift to her husband, Franklin's wife
386:juice, which spattered over those nearby.
31:
3407:Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows
3231:Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian
1971:Friends Committee on National Legislation
1533:
1401:
1373:Old York Road Historical Society Bulletin
1238:(2nd ed.). Boston. pp. 518–519.
839:. Oxford University Press. pp. 33–.
3057:World Esperantist Vegetarian Association
1986:Friends World Committee for Consultation
1966:Evangelical Friends Church International
1524:
1494:
1370:
1340:by Them Which May be Useful to Survivors
1123:
660:Archbold, William Arthur Jobson (1892).
659:
507:. Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin. 1737.
494:
447:
357:
3644:You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment
2094:Businesses, organizations and charities
1529:. Reading: Sowle Press. pp. 19–21.
1450:
1136:from the original on September 25, 2022
1105:from the original on September 25, 2022
1075:from the original on September 25, 2022
1015:"Slavery 'blood' protester re-embraced"
881:
767:
735:
631:
595:
568:
110: 1718; died 1735)
5029:
3082:List of vegetarian and vegan companies
1545:
1471:
1360:Journal of Friends' Historical Society
1192:from the original on February 23, 2016
975:
807:
5137:Political activists from Pennsylvania
5072:American anti–death penalty activists
3199:Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses
2859:Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme
2194:
1661:
1589:
1441:
1383:
1346:. Philadelphia: J. Richards: 274–276.
1309:
1230:
1154:
1012:
1003:
5157:American activists with disabilities
5092:British anti–death penalty activists
4805:Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
4392:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1617:
1562:
1511:
1421:Pennsylvania Biographical Dictionary
1350:
1332:
1124:Lapointe, Grace (December 9, 2020).
871:(28). Philadelphia: 220. March 1856.
1996:Quaker Council for European Affairs
1604:
1310:Child, Lydia Maria Francis (1842).
1155:Wills, Matthew (November 6, 2017).
424:
13:
5167:American writers with disabilities
5052:18th-century American male writers
3135:Reasons for not Eating Animal Food
1941:American Friends Service Committee
1569:. Philadelphia: Solomon W. Conrad.
1541:. Chicago: Reilly & Lee Books.
1208:
976:Holmes, Kristin (April 19, 2018).
382:containing a bladder of blood-red
171:family, he initially underwent an
14:
5183:
5147:People from colonial Pennsylvania
5082:American male non-fiction writers
5057:18th-century English male writers
3103:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
2997:North American Vegetarian Society
1956:Central Yearly Meeting of Friends
1574:
475:, London, UK is named after him.
390:Friendship with Benjamin Franklin
346:, the prison system, the moneyed
5162:English people with disabilities
4820:Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro
2950:Christian Vegetarian Association
2016:World Gathering of Young Friends
1590:Rigby, Nic (February 10, 2018).
893:University of Pennsylvania Press
673:Dictionary of National Biography
525:List of abolitionist forerunners
5107:English vegetarianism activists
3359:Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone
2001:Quaker Peace and Social Witness
1495:Rowntree, C. Brightwen (1936).
1174:
1148:
1117:
1087:
1055:
1030:
1013:Rigby, Nic (December 2, 2018).
997:
935:
916:Katishi Maake (April 2, 2018).
909:
875:
853:
483:is a book about Lay written by
417:, and subsequently sold to the
353:
107:
4952:Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
3303:Moosewood Collective Cookbooks
3042:Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
3027:Toronto Vegetarian Association
2970:International Vegetarian Union
861:"Early Anti-Slavery Advocates"
812:. W. W. Norton & Company.
761:
653:
562:
537:
210:Lay subsequently moved to the
124:Pennsylvania Historical Marker
1:
5172:18th-century American farmers
5097:British emigrants to Barbados
4967:Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
4891:Food for Thought (restaurant)
3484:Diet for a New America (film)
3263:The Benefits of Vegetarianism
3127:A Vindication of Natural Diet
2894:Vegan Prisoners Support Group
1585:All Slave-Keepers: Apostates!
1546:Taylor, Astra (Spring 2023).
1419:"Lay, Benjamin (1677–1759)".
530:
454:Abington Friends meetinghouse
3311:The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook
2531:Seventh-day Adventist Church
2006:Quaker United Nations Office
1390:Disability Studies Quarterly
441:. In 2012, during the brief
293:neighborhood), and later in
187:. In 1718, Lay moved to the
7:
4936:The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel
3351:The Sexual Politics of Meat
2469:Environmental vegetarianism
2324:Environmental vegetarianism
1687:
1474:American National Biography
1353:"Anecdotes of Benjamin Lay"
512:
376:Philadelphia Yearly Meeting
10:
5188:
3447:Making a Stand for Animals
3223:Fifty Years of Food Reform
2965:Hare Krishna Food for Life
2879:Vegan Awareness Foundation
1976:Friends General Conference
708:: CS1 maint: url-status (
37:A 1750 portrait of Lay by
4944:
4878:
4797:
4529:
4102:Maximilian Bircher-Benner
4019:
3713:
3700:
3654:
3540:Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead
3465:
3431:The End of Animal Farming
3415:The Vegan Studies Project
3090:
3074:
2960:French Vegetarian Society
2955:European Vegetarian Union
2945:Boston Vegetarian Society
2927:
2829:
2815:
2596:
2512:
2439:
2432:
2382:
2309:
2291:Vegan organic agriculture
2239:
2232:
2086:
2055:
2024:
1923:
1695:
1535:Stevenson, Janet Marshall
1335:"Notices of Benjamin Lay"
1186:National Portrait Gallery
967:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
471:The Benjamin Lay room at
419:National Portrait Gallery
150:
146:
138:
130:
121:
117:
91:
83:
62:
45:
30:
23:
4860:The Sound Lounge, London
4835:Little Pine (restaurant)
4719:Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
4217:Narasinh Narayan Godbole
3391:The Bloodless Revolution
3032:Vegetarian Federal Union
2847:Food Empowerment Project
2690:List of meat substitutes
1457:. Boston: Beacon Press.
1451:Rediker, Marcus (2017).
690:Rediker, Marcus (2017).
439:Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
283:Province of Pennsylvania
212:Province of Pennsylvania
134:Benjamin Lay (1682–1759)
87:Sailor, merchant, farmer
4982:Plant-based action plan
4729:Satchidananda Saraswati
4574:Tabitha Brown (actress)
3383:Livestock's Long Shadow
3287:Diet for a Small Planet
3191:Shelley's Vegetarianism
3002:Order of the Golden Age
2489:Replaceability argument
2359:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid
2344:Lacto-ovo vegetarianism
2249:Animal-free agriculture
2011:Szechwan Yearly Meeting
1900:John Greenleaf Whittier
1581:https://benjaminlay.org
1403:10.18061/dsq.v36i3.5135
1231:Allan, William (1832).
922:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
601:"Chapter 1: Early Life"
435:Abington Friends School
397:had printed Lay's book
260:
205:abolitionist principles
179:before running away to
5142:People from Colchester
5067:American abolitionists
4362:Francis William Newman
4262:Martin Luther Holbrook
3343:Diet for a New America
3295:The Vegetarian Epicure
3183:What is Vegetarianism?
2940:Bible Christian Church
2842:Beauty Without Cruelty
2837:American Vegan Society
2319:Economic vegetarianism
1981:Friends United Meeting
1951:Britain Yearly Meeting
1654:Text on Lay (13 pages)
1563:Vaux, Roberts (1815).
833:Maria Fleming (2001).
491:on September 1, 2017.
457:
431:Abington, Pennsylvania
372:Burlington, New Jersey
363:
276:In 1718, Lay moved to
255:American abolitionists
195:, which operated on a
183:and finding work as a
5117:English abolitionists
5077:American pamphleteers
4704:Isa Chandra Moskowitz
4457:Russell Thacher Trall
4422:Johan Lindström Saxon
4117:Lucius Duncan Bulkley
3423:Animal (De)liberation
3207:Why I Am a Vegetarian
2474:Ethics of eating meat
1946:A Quaker Action Group
808:Lepore, Jill (2008).
771:(September 5, 2017).
739:(September 5, 2017).
663:"Lay, Benjamin"
599:(September 5, 2017).
495:Selected publications
451:
429:Benjamin Lay died in
361:
216:British North America
5152:People with dwarfism
5127:English pamphleteers
5112:Quaker abolitionists
5062:18th-century Quakers
5047:17th-century Quakers
4840:Moosewood Restaurant
4694:Moosewood Collective
4609:Crescent Dragonwagon
4517:Kathleen Keen Zolber
4177:James Elmslie Duncan
4037:Bertrand P. Allinson
3271:Living the Good Life
3159:Fruits and Farinacea
3062:World Vegetarian Day
3012:ProVeg International
2400:Fictional characters
1961:Conservative Friends
1890:Mary Coffin Starbuck
1621:Winterthur Portfolio
747:. pp. 114–116.
468:Meeting in Britain.
289:(in what is now the
285:, settling first in
4957:List of vegan media
4886:Cranks (restaurant)
4689:Joanne Lee Molinaro
4659:Frances Moore Lappé
4447:William O. Stephens
4442:Ernest Lester Smith
4432:Richard H. Schwartz
4417:Henry Stephens Salt
4407:Ulma Doyle Register
4337:Harry Willis Miller
4317:Alice Garrett Marsh
4272:John Harvey Kellogg
3926:James E. McWilliams
3691:The Animals' Agenda
2673:Microbial cellulose
2648:Gelatin substitutes
2611:Chicken fillet roll
2339:Lacto vegetarianism
2180:ASFC Nobel nominees
2042:Integrity ("Truth")
1725:Kenneth E. Boulding
1351:Hunt, John (1925).
1269:(1/2): 60–61. 1926.
947:Abingtonmeeting.org
572:(August 12, 2017).
421:in Washington, DC.
350:Quaker elite, etc.
271:Colchester, England
222:before settling in
4911:New Riverside Cafe
4901:Lentil as Anything
4879:Former restaurants
4815:Crossroads Kitchen
4744:Alicia Silverstone
4679:Hetty Lui McKinnon
4629:Carol Lee Flinders
4487:Severin Wielobycki
4192:Charles W. Forward
4047:Charles R. Attwood
3821:Caldwell Esselstyn
3327:Moosewood Cookbook
3175:The Ethics of Diet
3037:Vegetarian Society
3007:ProVeg Deutschland
2119:Book of Discipline
2115:Faith and Practice
1830:Zephaniah Kingsley
1785:Joseph John Gurney
1552:Lapham's Quarterly
1444:American Reformers
885:(August 9, 2010).
635:(September 2017).
579:The New York Times
458:
364:
344:capital punishment
328:in all instances.
197:plantation economy
142:September 22, 2018
5122:English activists
5024:
5023:
4825:Greens Restaurant
4709:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
4579:Suzy Amis Cameron
4569:Edward Espe Brown
4564:Martha Brotherton
4525:
4524:
4462:Frederick Towgood
4427:James Scholefield
4367:R. E. O'Callaghan
4197:Michael Allen Fox
4172:Daniel Dombrowski
4077:George Bedborough
4062:Horace A. Barrows
4027:Phyllis B. Acosta
3921:John A. McDougall
3876:Avery Yale Kamila
3826:Gary L. Francione
3781:T. Colin Campbell
3731:Suzanne M. Babich
3628:The Game Changers
3572:Live and Let Live
3556:Forks Over Knives
3516:Peaceable Kingdom
3508:Post Punk Kitchen
3492:A Cow at My Table
3439:Vegetable Kingdom
3167:The Pleasure Boat
3151:Nature's Own Book
3119:Vegetable Cookery
3070:
3069:
2899:The Vegan Society
2712:Nutritional yeast
2592:
2591:
2428:
2427:
2349:Ovo vegetarianism
2296:Vegan school meal
2188:
2187:
1991:Nontheist Quakers
1464:978-0-8070-3592-4
1071:. June 26, 2017.
1068:Publishers Weekly
846:978-0-19-515036-0
788:978-0-8070-3592-4
754:978-0-8070-3592-4
618:978-0-8070-3592-4
487:and published by
415:Winterthur Museum
395:Benjamin Franklin
251:Thirteen Colonies
154:
153:
79:, British America
5179:
5087:American Quakers
4997:Planetary health
4987:Sustainable diet
4977:Plant-based diet
4916:Nix (restaurant)
4830:Hiltl Restaurant
4779:Umberto Veronesi
4749:Hannah Sunderani
4724:Mathew Pritchard
4684:Tracye McQuirter
4594:Chloe Coscarelli
4532:cookbook authors
4477:Emil Weilshäuser
4347:Reuben D. Mussey
4327:William Metcalfe
4252:Philippe Hecquet
4167:Daniël de Clercq
4067:Geoffrey Barstow
4011:Sophie Zaïkowska
3901:Thomas Lepeltier
3856:A. Breeze Harper
3811:George Dornbusch
3776:Jodey Castricano
3711:
3710:
3677:Vegetarian Times
3620:Eating You Alive
3588:PlantPure Nation
3476:The Animals Film
3319:Laurel's Kitchen
3255:A Fleshless Diet
3017:ProVeg Nederland
2827:
2826:
2772:Vegetarian bacon
2685:Meat alternative
2437:
2436:
2237:
2236:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2191:
1875:Robert Pleasants
1710:Susan B. Anthony
1682:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1614:
1613:on May 11, 2010.
1609:. Archived from
1601:
1570:
1559:
1542:
1530:
1521:
1508:
1491:
1485:
1477:
1468:
1447:
1438:
1432:
1424:
1415:
1405:
1380:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1329:
1317:
1306:
1293:
1281:
1270:
1260:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1101:. July 1, 2017.
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1009:
1001:
995:
992:
990:
988:
972:
966:
958:
956:
954:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
907:
906:
883:Jackson, Maurice
879:
873:
872:
857:
851:
850:
830:
824:
823:
805:
796:
795:
765:
759:
758:
733:
714:
713:
707:
699:
687:
678:
677:
665:
657:
651:
650:
629:
623:
622:
593:
584:
583:
566:
560:
559:
557:
555:
541:
508:
425:Death and legacy
410:William Williams
240:protruding chest
111:
109:
69:
66:February 8, 1759
49:January 26, 1682
39:William Williams
35:
21:
20:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5132:English Quakers
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
4940:
4931:The Hollow Reed
4921:Penny Cafeteria
4896:InSpiral Lounge
4874:
4793:
4739:Miyoko Schinner
4669:Linda McCartney
4664:Deborah Madison
4634:Alexis Gauthier
4549:Carleigh Bodrug
4531:
4521:
4507:Jon Wynne-Tyson
4492:Howard Williams
4372:Josiah Oldfield
4342:J. Howard Moore
4332:Eli Peck Miller
4292:W. R. C. Latson
4282:Daniel H. Kress
4222:Jeremiah Hacker
4182:Eknath Easwaran
4162:Lenna F. Cooper
4112:Ernest Bonnejoy
4072:Sidney H. Beard
4042:Thomas Allinson
4015:
4001:Corey Lee Wrenn
3996:Kim A. Williams
3766:Will Bulsiewicz
3741:Neal D. Barnard
3706:
3704:
3702:
3696:
3650:
3596:What the Health
3467:Films and shows
3461:
3367:The China Study
3239:The Meat Fetish
3094:
3092:
3086:
3066:
2985:Meatless Monday
2923:
2919:World Vegan Day
2819:
2811:
2782:Vegetarian mark
2598:
2588:
2508:
2424:
2378:
2305:
2228:
2219:
2189:
2184:
2130:Holy Experiment
2109:Decision Making
2082:
2051:
2020:
1936:Monthly Meeting
1919:
1910:Jon Wynne-Tyson
1825:Thomas R. Kelly
1720:Anthony Benezet
1691:
1686:
1577:
1479:
1478:
1465:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1355:
1296:
1290:
1258:
1254:
1214:
1211:
1209:Further reading
1206:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1038:"Meeting Rooms"
1036:
1035:
1031:
1019:
1017:
1002:
998:
986:
984:
960:
959:
952:
950:
941:
940:
936:
926:
924:
914:
910:
903:
880:
876:
859:
858:
854:
847:
831:
827:
820:
806:
799:
789:
781:. p. 115.
769:Rediker, Marcus
766:
762:
755:
737:Rediker, Marcus
734:
717:
701:
700:
688:
681:
658:
654:
633:Rediker, Marcus
630:
626:
619:
597:Rediker, Marcus
594:
587:
570:Rediker, Marcus
567:
563:
553:
551:
543:
542:
538:
533:
515:
501:
497:
427:
392:
356:
263:
228:Sarah Smith Lay
126:
113:
105:
101:
98:
71:
67:
50:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5185:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5014:Pollotarianism
5011:
5009:Pescetarianism
5004:Flexitarianism
5001:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4699:Charity Morgan
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Mary McCartney
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4649:Madhur Jaffrey
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4482:Ellen G. White
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:Elmer McCollum
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4302:Susan M. Levin
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4267:Isaac Jennings
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:William Harvey
4244:
4239:
4237:Alexander Haig
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Mahatma Gandhi
4209:
4204:
4202:Peter Foxcroft
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:Antonio Cocchi
4149:
4147:Henry S. Clubb
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:Eduard Baltzer
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:William Alcott
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3986:Sunaura Taylor
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Vesanto Melina
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3896:Maxwell G. Lee
3893:
3888:
3883:
3881:Michael Klaper
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:Michael Greger
3848:
3846:Lewis Gompertz
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3771:Georges Butaud
3768:
3763:
3758:
3756:Yves Bonnardel
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Martin Balluch
3733:
3728:
3726:Carol J. Adams
3723:
3717:
3715:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3500:Meet Your Meat
3496:
3488:
3480:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3399:Eating Animals
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3247:The New Ethics
3243:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2980:Meat-free days
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Vegan Outreach
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2824:
2813:
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2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2616:Coconut burger
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Pythagoreanism
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Animal welfare
2451:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2254:Black veganism
2251:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2145:Meeting houses
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Yearly Meeting
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Herbert Hoover
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:Susanna Corder
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1730:Howard Brinton
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Robert Barclay
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1634:10.1086/495772
1615:
1605:Bankard, Bob.
1602:
1587:
1576:
1575:External links
1573:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1543:
1531:
1522:
1509:
1492:
1469:
1463:
1448:
1439:
1416:
1381:
1368:
1348:
1330:
1318:
1307:
1294:
1288:
1271:
1256:"Benjamin Lay"
1252:
1240:
1228:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1182:"Benjamin Lay"
1173:
1147:
1116:
1099:Kirkus Reviews
1086:
1054:
1029:
1027:
1026:
996:
994:
993:
934:
908:
901:
895:. p. 49.
874:
852:
845:
825:
819:978-0393635249
818:
797:
787:
760:
753:
715:
679:
652:
624:
617:
585:
561:
535:
534:
532:
529:
528:
527:
522:
514:
511:
510:
509:
496:
493:
485:Marcus Rediker
426:
423:
391:
388:
374:, at the 1738
355:
352:
262:
259:
226:with his wife
189:British colony
173:apprenticeship
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
103:
99:
96:
95:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
70:(aged 77)
64:
60:
59:
47:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5184:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
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5158:
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5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
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5035:
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5032:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Juice fasting
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Veggie Galaxy
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
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4828:
4826:
4823:
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4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Lauren Toyota
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Mollie Katzen
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:Rip Esselstyn
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:Sue Donaldson
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
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4567:
4565:
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4560:
4557:
4555:
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4537:
4536:
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4528:
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4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Alan Stoddard
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:James Simpson
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Rollo Russell
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:James Rachels
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:Cyril V. Pink
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:Scott Nearing
4355:
4353:
4352:Helen Nearing
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:Andrew Linzey
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4287:William Lambe
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
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4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Walter Hadwen
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
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4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
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4160:
4158:
4157:Edwin Collier
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:George Cheyne
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:J. L. Buttner
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
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4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Richard Twine
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:David Sztybel
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:David Olivier
3949:
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3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
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3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Valéry Giroux
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
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3749:
3747:
3746:David Benatar
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:Elisa Aaltola
3719:
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3712:
3709:
3699:
3693:
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3601:
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3561:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:A Sacred Duty
3529:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3510:
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3505:
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3501:
3497:
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3432:
3428:
3425:
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3417:
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3409:
3408:
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3396:
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3388:
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3332:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
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3308:
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3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3281:
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3276:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
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3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3249:
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3244:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:Figs or Pigs?
3212:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3168:
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3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:(3rd century)
3105:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3060:
3058:
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3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
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3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
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2991:
2988:
2986:
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2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
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2956:
2953:
2951:
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2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Our Hen House
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2807:Veggie burger
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
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2750:
2748:
2745:
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2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
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2650:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
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2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
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2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
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2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
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2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Animal rights
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Organizations
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
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2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
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2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2311:Vegetarianism
2308:
2302:
2301:Vegan studies
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:Straight edge
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Fruitarianism
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:vegetarianism
2223:
2216:
2211:
2209:
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2150:Perfectionism
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2135:Homosexuality
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1895:Jessamyn West
1893:
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1885:Bayard Rustin
1883:
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1878:
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1871:
1868:
1866:
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1861:
1860:Parker Palmer
1858:
1856:
1855:Richard Nixon
1853:
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1848:
1846:
1845:Lucretia Mott
1843:
1841:
1840:Dave Matthews
1838:
1836:
1833:
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1828:
1826:
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1810:Henry Hodgkin
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1790:Ruth Harrison
1788:
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1780:Elizabeth Fry
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1770:Margaret Fell
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1705:William Allen
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1326:
1325:Illustrations
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1308:
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1300:
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1289:3-88309-089-1
1285:
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1247:Illustrations
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1213:
1212:
1191:
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1140:September 25,
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1109:September 25,
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1079:September 25,
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1043:
1042:Friends House
1039:
1033:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1000:
983:
979:
974:
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970:
964:
948:
944:
938:
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919:
912:
904:
902:9780812221268
898:
894:
890:
889:
884:
878:
870:
866:
862:
856:
848:
842:
838:
837:
829:
821:
815:
811:
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802:
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790:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
764:
756:
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
711:
705:
697:
693:
686:
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674:
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628:
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520:
517:
516:
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505:
499:
498:
492:
490:
486:
482:
481:
476:
474:
473:Friends House
469:
465:
463:
460:In 2018, the
455:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
422:
420:
416:
411:
408:commissioned
407:
402:
400:
396:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
360:
351:
349:
345:
340:
336:
334:
329:
327:
326:death penalty
323:
319:
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311:
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296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
274:
272:
268:
258:
256:
252:
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233:
229:
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217:
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208:
206:
202:
199:dependent on
198:
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186:
182:
178:
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170:
166:
162:
158:
149:
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141:
137:
133:
131:Official name
129:
125:
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116:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4926:Pink Peacock
4906:Minerva Café
4870:Veggie Grill
4855:Souley Vegan
4850:Slutty Vegan
4789:Alan Wakeman
4764:Haile Thomas
4754:Bryant Terry
4644:Richa Hingle
4639:Dick Gregory
4544:Mayim Bialik
4512:Tzachi Zamir
4467:Sidney Trist
4312:Clair Linzey
4132:Job Caudwell
4107:George Black
4052:William Axon
4006:Laura Wright
3976:Peter Singer
3971:Jérôme Segal
3961:Emelia Quinn
3956:David Pearce
3941:David Nibert
3936:Gemma Newman
3916:Reed Mangels
3906:Howard Lyman
3831:Joel Fuhrman
3806:Alan Desmond
3791:Brenda Davis
3761:Will Bonsall
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3642:
3636:Maa Ka Doodh
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3375:Skinny Bitch
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3335:Fit for Life
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3052:Viva! Health
3047:Veggie Pride
2935:Alcott House
2874:Plamil Foods
2851:
2792:Sausage roll
2668:Konjac jelly
2621:Coconut milk
2527:Christianity
2479:Meat paradox
2464:Deep ecology
2269:Raw veganism
2233:Perspectives
2140:Inward light
2118:
2114:
1915:John Woolman
1870:William Penn
1850:James Nayler
1835:Benjamin Lay
1834:
1800:Edward Hicks
1765:Joshua Evans
1735:John Cadbury
1625:
1619:
1611:the original
1595:
1584:
1565:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1526:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1473:
1452:
1443:
1420:
1393:
1389:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1343:
1338:
1323:
1312:
1305:: 135. 1879.
1302:
1298:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1245:
1233:
1223:
1219:
1194:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1129:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1098:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1066:
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1018:. Retrieved
1005:
999:
985:. Retrieved
982:The Inquirer
981:
951:. Retrieved
946:
937:
925:. Retrieved
921:
911:
887:
877:
868:
864:
855:
835:
828:
809:
792:
779:Beacon Press
773:
763:
745:Beacon Press
740:
695:
671:
655:
646:
640:
627:
609:Beacon Press
604:
577:
564:
552:. Retrieved
548:
539:
519:Thomas Tryon
503:
478:
477:
470:
466:
459:
428:
406:Deborah Read
403:
398:
393:
369:
365:
354:Abolitionism
348:Pennsylvania
341:
337:
330:
318:Thomas Tyron
307:
287:Philadelphia
275:
264:
246:
244:
220:Philadelphia
218:, living in
209:
201:slave labour
157:Benjamin Lay
156:
155:
77:Pennsylvania
68:(1759-02-08)
25:Benjamin Lay
18:
5042:1759 deaths
5037:1682 births
4798:Restaurants
4759:Anna Thomas
4734:Derek Sarno
4614:Rose Elliot
4599:Yamuna Devi
4554:Gypsy Boots
4502:W. A. Sibly
4497:Frank Wokes
4377:Dean Ornish
4277:Norman Kerr
4257:Brian Hines
4242:Edward Hare
4227:John Haddon
4207:Greta Gaard
4137:James Clark
4127:Paul Carton
4092:Ragnar Berg
4087:Robert Bell
4082:Ernest Bell
3946:Jack Norris
3891:Renan Larue
3866:Melanie Joy
3861:Oscar Horta
3836:Kristi Funk
3816:Mylan Engel
3801:Jan Deckers
3796:Garth Davis
3786:Robert Cook
3751:Steven Best
3703:activists,
3701:Academics,
3511:(2003–2005)
3279:Ten Talents
2990:Friday Fast
2717:Plant cream
2658:Carrageenan
2606:Agave syrup
2494:Sentientism
2484:Nonviolence
2420:Vegan media
2415:Restaurants
2390:Vegetarians
2364:Ecofeminism
2025:Testimonies
1905:John Wilbur
1820:Rufus Jones
1805:Elias Hicks
1745:Anne Conway
1740:Levi Coffin
1697:Individuals
1161:JSTOR Daily
696:Smithsonian
668:Lee, Sidney
642:Smithsonian
554:December 1,
489:Verso Books
322:pantheistic
97:Sarah Smith
5031:Categories
4992:Low-carbon
4972:Vegaphobia
4810:Cinnaholic
4784:Nisha Vora
4714:Gaz Oakley
4624:Toni Fiore
4589:Pinky Cole
4584:Hannah Che
4539:Nava Atlas
4397:Rod Preece
4382:Felix Ortt
4187:T. Forster
4097:Rynn Berry
4020:Vegetarian
3911:Al-Ma'arri
3707:physicians
3663:Naked Food
3580:Cowspiracy
3524:Earthlings
3455:Meat Atlas
2975:Jewish Veg
2928:Vegetarian
2904:Veganmania
2884:Vegan flag
2767:Vegetables
2742:Soy yogurt
2722:Plant milk
2504:Tirukkuṟaḷ
2499:Speciesism
2374:By country
2334:Orthopathy
2047:Simplicity
1880:Betsy Ross
1865:Alice Paul
1795:Carl Heath
1775:George Fox
1760:Judi Dench
1755:James Dean
1047:January 3,
1006:The Friend
865:The Friend
531:References
232:vegetarian
177:glovemaker
139:Designated
84:Occupation
4530:Chefs and
4297:Elmer Lee
3966:Tom Regan
3871:Joel Kahn
3705:authors,
3655:Magazines
3564:Vegucated
3075:Companies
2909:Veganuary
2707:Mock duck
2599:and drink
2574:Rastafari
2514:Religious
2405:Festivals
2369:Nutrition
2286:Nutrition
2056:By region
1650:162270807
1628:: 34–46.
1482:cite book
1429:cite book
1412:2159-8371
1196:March 21,
1166:March 22,
1130:Book Riot
384:pokeberry
314:groundhog
310:hunchback
303:pokeberry
236:hunchback
58:, England
4774:Jeeca Uy
4472:Valluvar
3612:Dominion
3458:(annual)
3095:journals
3093:reports,
3022:Swissveg
2853:Go Vegan
2757:Tofurkey
2537:Hinduism
2522:Buddhism
2279:Hardline
2241:Veganism
2222:Veganism
2165:Tapestry
2037:Equality
1597:BBC News
1537:(1969).
1379:: 35–39.
1366:: 72–75.
1190:Archived
1134:Archived
1103:Archived
1073:Archived
963:cite web
927:April 3,
704:cite web
513:See also
295:Abington
278:Barbados
224:Abington
193:Barbados
73:Abington
4945:Related
4845:Purezza
3684:VegNews
3604:Carnage
3548:Planeat
2787:Sausage
2777:Hot dog
2663:Gulaman
2641:legumes
2636:cereals
2579:Sikhism
2564:Judaism
2559:Jainism
2542:Sattvic
2459:Carnism
2441:Secular
2354:Cuisine
2329:History
2264:History
2170:Wedding
2160:Schools
2125:History
2099:Science
1689:Quakers
1642:1180484
1520:. York.
1507:: 3–19.
1020:May 31,
987:May 19,
953:May 19,
670:(ed.).
299:slavery
269:, near
267:Copford
238:with a
167:into a
161:Copford
112:
104:
100:
52:Copford
3886:Aph Ko
3647:(2024)
3639:(2023)
3631:(2018)
3623:(2018)
3615:(2018)
3607:(2017)
3599:(2017)
3591:(2015)
3583:(2014)
3575:(2013)
3567:(2011)
3559:(2011)
3551:(2010)
3543:(2010)
3535:(2007)
3527:(2005)
3519:(2004)
3503:(2002)
3495:(1998)
3487:(1991)
3479:(1981)
3450:(2022)
3442:(2020)
3434:(2018)
3426:(2016)
3418:(2015)
3410:(2009)
3402:(2009)
3394:(2006)
3386:(2006)
3378:(2005)
3370:(2005)
3362:(1997)
3354:(1990)
3346:(1987)
3338:(1985)
3330:(1977)
3322:(1976)
3314:(1975)
3306:(1973)
3298:(1972)
3290:(1971)
3282:(1968)
3274:(1954)
3266:(1927)
3258:(1910)
3250:(1907)
3242:(1904)
3234:(1903)
3226:(1898)
3218:(1896)
3210:(1895)
3202:(1892)
3194:(1891)
3186:(1886)
3178:(1883)
3170:(1845)
3162:(1845)
3154:(1835)
3146:(1824)
3138:(1814)
3130:(1813)
3122:(1812)
3114:(1802)
3091:Books,
2914:Veganz
2822:events
2817:Groups
2762:Cheese
2747:Tempeh
2737:Seitan
2727:Quinoa
2680:Jambon
2631:Grains
2626:Fruits
2584:Taoism
2547:Ahimsa
2433:Ethics
2395:Vegans
2078:Africa
2073:Europe
1924:Groups
1648:
1640:
1505:XXXIII
1461:
1410:
1286:
1235:States
899:
843:
816:
785:
751:
615:
500:Book:
443:Occupy
333:apiary
185:sailor
181:London
169:Quaker
92:Spouse
4559:BOSH!
3714:Vegan
3670:Satya
2830:Vegan
2732:Quorn
2702:Mochi
2554:Islam
2383:Lists
2175:Women
2155:Query
2104:Clerk
2087:Other
2032:Peace
1646:S2CID
1638:JSTOR
1356:(PDF)
1267:XXIII
1259:(PDF)
666:. In
380:Bible
291:Olney
175:as a
165:Essex
106:(
102:
56:Essex
2820:and
2802:Wine
2797:Beer
2752:Tofu
2697:Miso
2653:Agar
2597:Food
2224:and
1558:(1).
1488:link
1459:ISBN
1435:link
1408:ISSN
1364:XXII
1303:LIII
1284:ISBN
1224:XXIX
1198:2021
1168:2021
1142:2022
1111:2022
1081:2022
1049:2023
1022:2019
989:2018
969:link
955:2018
929:2018
897:ISBN
869:XXIX
841:ISBN
814:ISBN
783:ISBN
749:ISBN
710:link
649:(5).
613:ISBN
556:2023
261:Life
63:Died
46:Born
2117:or
1630:doi
1398:doi
1377:XLV
1344:VII
437:in
370:In
214:in
191:of
5033::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
