1064:
1307:
863:
22:
1205:
1014:
for expensive processing machinery, as the per unit cost of processing is greatly diminished. This economy of scale can be achieved best with tropical crops that are harvested continuously through the year, fully utilising the processing machinery. Examples of crops that are suitable to be processed
1006:
Plantation economies are factory-like, industrialised and centralised forms of agriculture, owned by large corporations or affluent owners. Under normal circumstances, plantation economies are not as efficient as small farm holdings, since there is immense difficulty in proper supervision of labour
1109:, one out of every four families in Virginia owned slaves. There were over 100 plantation owners who owned over 100 slaves. The number of slaves in the 15 States was just shy of 4 million in a total population of 12.4 million, and the percentage was 32% of the population.
1293:
In
Southeast Asia British and Dutch colonies established plantations to produce agricultural commodity products including tea, pepper and other spices, palm oil, coffee, and rubber. Large scale agricultural production continues in many areas.
1230:, and it needed a lot of materials to manufacture goods. Being the power center of the world at the time, they exploited the New World and Africa to industrialize. Africa supplied slaves for the plantations; the New World produced
1101:
for labor. In 1665, there were fewer than 500 Africans in
Virginia but by 1750, 85 percent of the 235,000 slaves lived in the Southern colonies, Virginia included. Africans made up 40 percent of the South's population.
1571:
1564:
1557:
1007:
over a large land area. When there are large distances between the plantations and their markets, processing can reduce the bulk of the crop and lower shipping costs.
1094:
1234:
for industries in Europe. Manufactured goods, of higher value, were then sold both to Africa and the New World. The system was largely run by
European merchants.
1450:
1609:
1362:
893:
1033:, plantations were concentrated in the South. These colonies included Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. They had good
1705:
1879:
1710:
1089:
became expensive. Some indentured servants were also leaving to start their own farms as land was widely available. Colonists tried to use
1063:
1798:
1049:
in the region made transportation easier. Each colony specialized in one or two crops, with
Virginia standing out in tobacco production.
990:
are also achieved when the distance to market is long. Plantation crops usually need processing immediately after harvesting. Sugarcane,
1773:
1341:, a gold coin or very light green bill with the national pound symbol. The currency is worth about one and one half U.S. dollar.
732:
886:
1823:
1818:
1538:
1430:
1090:
1833:
1791:
1700:
1813:
1725:
1497:
1382:
1164:
1067:
321:
1869:
1690:
1024:
879:
256:
1808:
1528:
40:
1854:
1828:
1803:
1786:
1474:
1781:
422:
867:
762:
482:
472:
1864:
1680:
1549:
792:
1318:
1685:
1859:
1730:
1106:
715:
643:
64:
998:
are most suited to plantations, while coconuts, rubber, and cotton are suitable to a lesser extent.
1469:
1078:
251:
1182:
817:
767:
648:
376:
246:
966:
827:
226:
1218:
1198:
822:
467:
157:
127:
112:
1193:
the figure approached one half. The total number of slave owners was 385,000 (including, in
1874:
1763:
1742:
1720:
1387:
1226:
was the final destination for the plantation produce. At this time, Europe was starting to
1181:
Fewer than one-third of
Southern families owned slaves at the peak of slavery prior to the
727:
535:
432:
396:
241:
174:
122:
8:
1737:
837:
782:
777:
710:
700:
386:
221:
1260:
1011:
987:
842:
673:
578:
197:
179:
169:
162:
1534:
1426:
1281:'s investigation of indigo workers' claims of exploitation led to the passage of the
1030:
695:
447:
427:
214:
207:
202:
36:
1530:
The Making of a
Periphery: How Island Southeast Asia Became a Mass Exporter of Labor
921:
crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called
1614:
1367:
1086:
1058:
688:
623:
608:
560:
550:
544:
517:
502:
273:
236:
31:
1758:
1597:
1357:
1201:), amounting to approximately 3.8% of the Southern and Border states population.
958:
914:
812:
772:
737:
633:
593:
588:
555:
401:
381:
371:
361:
346:
326:
261:
147:
72:
1345:
1338:
1278:
1223:
1190:
1098:
797:
613:
507:
351:
1848:
1592:
1227:
847:
832:
638:
628:
618:
603:
583:
512:
356:
278:
189:
152:
142:
132:
1579:
1505:
1231:
1010:
Large plantations producing large quantities of a good are able to achieve
722:
598:
462:
457:
452:
437:
391:
366:
341:
336:
283:
137:
1271:
in the 19th and 20th centuries. The indigo crop was grown for making blue
1695:
1637:
1377:
1372:
1186:
1148:
1132:
911:
787:
742:
705:
683:
678:
291:
266:
1306:
1649:
1272:
1243:
976:
971:
942:
922:
117:
85:
1659:
1282:
1252:
1248:
1194:
930:
918:
807:
331:
296:
231:
95:
90:
1046:
995:
184:
1664:
1264:
1082:
1071:
1042:
983:
946:
540:
316:
1344:
The currency for the New York was at the time of the colony the
1632:
938:
934:
926:
862:
668:
1093:
for labor, but they were susceptible to
European diseases and
1268:
1256:
962:
950:
1654:
1644:
1038:
1034:
954:
1348:. This currency was primarily used and made in the 1700s.
1285:
Agrarian Bill in 1917 by the
British colonial government.
1204:
991:
1580:
1247:
was a major crop cultivated during the 18th century, in
1610:Plantation complexes in the Southern United States
1449:"The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery".
1363:History of commercial tobacco in the United States
1212:
1037:and long growing seasons, ideal for crops such as
1846:
1706:Slave health on plantations in the United States
1452:Creating America: A History of the United States
1097:. The plantation owners then turned to enslaved
933:as a source of income. Prominent crops included
1458:(Textbook). McDougal Littell. pp. 119–123.
986:period, the more efficient plantations become.
1711:Treatment of the enslaved in the United States
1565:
887:
55:Economy based on agricultural mass production
1337:The currency for the Georgia colony was the
1001:
1572:
1558:
894:
880:
1203:
1062:
1018:
1847:
1425:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 14–15.
1880:Plantations (settlements or colonies)
1553:
1526:
1420:
1405:
1237:
1015:are sugar, sisal, palm oil, and tea.
1444:
1442:
1301:
15:
925:. Plantation economies rely on the
13:
1383:Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
14:
1891:
1498:"The Arrival of European Traders"
1439:
1288:
1025:Plantations in the American South
868:Business and economics portal
1305:
861:
20:
1213:Industrial Revolution in Europe
1520:
1490:
1462:
1414:
1399:
1:
1533:. Columbia University Press.
1527:Bosma, Ulbe (July 30, 2019).
1393:
1297:
763:Commons-based peer production
483:Socialism of the 21st century
1681:Slavery in the United States
7:
1351:
1275:in the pre-industrial age.
1113:Number of slaves by region
969:, and species in the genus
46:Proposed since August 2024.
29:It has been suggested that
10:
1896:
1686:Children of the plantation
1421:Paige, Jeffery M. (1978).
1406:Paige, Jeffery M. (1975).
1216:
1056:
1052:
1022:
1772:
1751:
1673:
1625:
1585:
1107:1840 United States Census
1070:in the British colony of
257:Socialist-oriented market
1870:Slavery in North America
1261:rebellion against France
1045:. The existence of many
1002:Conditions for formation
910:is an economy based on
1855:Agricultural economics
1209:
1199:free African Americans
1075:
1502:The Abolition Project
1219:Industrial Revolution
1207:
1124:Percent of population
1095:died in large numbers
1066:
1774:Lists of plantations
1743:Underground Railroad
1388:Tropical agriculture
1081:embraced the use of
1019:American plantations
982:The longer a crop's
793:Newly industrialized
536:Collective ownership
397:Vertical archipelago
39:into this article. (
1865:History of Virginia
1738:Fugitive slave laws
1508:on February 5, 2021
1470:"The Slaves' Story"
1423:Agrarian Revolution
1408:Agrarian Revolution
1114:
917:, usually of a few
778:Inclusive Democracy
1605:Plantation economy
1317:. You can help by
1238:Indigo plantations
1210:
1112:
1076:
1012:economies of scale
988:Economies of scale
975:, used to produce
908:plantation economy
716:Material balancing
198:Buddhist economics
1842:
1841:
1540:978-0-231-54790-1
1432:978-0-02-923550-8
1335:
1334:
1179:
1178:
1127:Total population
1105:According to the
1031:Thirteen Colonies
904:
903:
414:By regional model
208:Sabbath economics
53:
52:
48:
1887:
1860:Economic systems
1615:Plantation house
1574:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1504:. Archived from
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1368:History of sugar
1330:
1327:
1309:
1302:
1259:until the slave
1115:
1111:
1091:Native Americans
1087:indentured labor
1068:Sugar plantation
1059:Slave plantation
896:
889:
882:
866:
865:
624:Municipalization
609:Financialization
579:Collectivization
561:Social ownership
551:Private property
545:Common ownership
503:Common ownership
317:Closed (autarky)
274:State capitalism
252:Socialist market
237:Market socialist
73:Economic systems
60:
59:
44:
32:Slave plantation
24:
23:
16:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1768:
1759:Convict leasing
1747:
1669:
1621:
1598:Ancient planter
1581:
1578:
1548:
1541:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1358:Banana republic
1354:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1315:needs expansion
1300:
1291:
1263:that left them
1240:
1221:
1215:
1085:mainly because
1061:
1055:
1027:
1021:
1004:
915:mass production
900:
860:
853:
852:
818:Post-industrial
813:Post-capitalist
773:Hunter-gatherer
758:
750:
749:
664:
656:
655:
634:Nationalization
594:Demutualization
589:Corporatization
574:
566:
565:
556:State ownership
531:
523:
522:
498:
490:
489:
415:
407:
406:
377:Robinson Crusoe
312:
311:By coordination
304:
303:
288:Traditionalist
148:Neomercantilist
108:
100:
81:
56:
49:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:South Carolina
1821:
1819:North Carolina
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:Slave breeding
1698:
1693:
1688:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1587:
1586:The plantation
1583:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1519:
1489:
1461:
1438:
1431:
1413:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1346:New York pound
1339:pound sterling
1333:
1332:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1289:Southeast Asia
1287:
1279:Mahatma Gandhi
1267:by Europe and
1239:
1236:
1224:Western Europe
1217:Main article:
1214:
1211:
1191:South Carolina
1177:
1176:
1175:3.323 million
1173:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1159:4.165 million
1157:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1143:4.919 million
1141:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1057:Main article:
1054:
1051:
1023:Main article:
1020:
1017:
1003:
1000:
967:Red Sandalwood
902:
901:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
873:
872:
871:
870:
855:
854:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Resource-based
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
740:
735:
725:
720:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
693:
692:
691:
686:
681:
671:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
653:
652:
651:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
614:Liberalization
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
538:
532:
530:Property types
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
486:
485:
479:Latin America
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
442:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
294:
286:
281:
276:
271:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
219:
218:
217:
212:
211:
210:
200:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
115:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
99:
98:
93:
88:
82:
79:
76:
75:
69:
68:
54:
51:
50:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1892:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1834:West Virginia
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1764:Sharecropping
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:Interregional
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:Planter class
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1329:
1326:December 2017
1320:
1316:
1313:This section
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:industrialize
1225:
1220:
1208:Tobacco field
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Border States
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1008:
999:
997:
994:, sisal, and
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
909:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
856:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
823:Post-scarcity
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:Expeditionary
766:
764:
761:
760:
754:
753:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
724:
721:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
694:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
660:
659:
650:
647:
646:
645:
644:Socialization
642:
640:
639:Privatization
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Mutualization
627:
625:
622:
620:
619:Marketization
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:Expropriation
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:Communization
582:
580:
577:
576:
570:
569:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
546:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
494:
493:
484:
481:
480:
478:
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133:Laissez-faire
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18:
17:
1717:Slave trade
1691:Field slaves
1604:
1529:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:the original
1501:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1473:
1464:
1451:
1422:
1416:
1407:
1401:
1343:
1336:
1323:
1319:adding to it
1314:
1292:
1277:
1242:
1241:
1232:raw material
1222:
1180:
1104:
1077:
1028:
1009:
1005:
981:
970:
912:agricultural
907:
905:
802:
733:Peer-to-peer
728:Self-managed
663:Coordination
599:Deregulation
284:Distributist
138:Mercantilist
57:
45:
30:
1875:Plantations
1814:Mississippi
1752:Other labor
1696:House negro
1638:King Cotton
1378:Latifundium
1373:King Cotton
1187:Mississippi
1149:Upper South
1133:Lower South
923:plantations
838:Traditional
788:Manorialism
783:Information
757:Other types
743:Open access
706:Cybernetics
448:Anglo-Saxon
433:Singaporean
392:Underground
387:Subsistence
292:Corporatist
267:Syndicalist
227:Communalist
113:Associative
107:By ideology
80:Major types
1849:Categories
1626:Cash crops
1394:References
1298:Currencies
1273:indigo dye
1244:Indigofera
977:indigo dye
972:Indigofera
943:sugar cane
931:cash crops
843:Transition
803:Plantation
711:Indicative
573:Transition
423:East Asian
194:Religious
170:Democratic
143:Neoliberal
128:Democratic
118:Capitalist
86:Capitalism
1809:Louisiana
1660:Sugarcane
1512:March 26,
1482:March 24,
1475:Frontline
1283:Champaran
1265:embargoed
1253:Guatemala
1249:Venezuela
1195:Louisiana
1183:Civil War
1153:1,208,758
1137:2,312,352
1047:waterways
919:commodity
808:Plutonomy
689:Regulated
518:Voluntary
444:European
297:Feudalism
242:Mutualist
232:Communist
222:Socialist
203:Christian
123:Corporate
96:Communism
91:Socialism
1829:Virginia
1804:Kentucky
1726:Internal
1721:Atlantic
1352:See also
1099:Africans
1079:Planters
996:palm oil
696:Planning
347:Informal
332:Dirigist
185:Georgist
180:Feminist
65:a series
63:Part of
1799:Georgia
1787:Florida
1782:Alabama
1674:Slavery
1665:Tobacco
1197:, some
1169:432,586
1072:Antigua
1053:Slavery
1043:tobacco
1029:In the
984:harvest
947:tobacco
738:Sharing
701:In kind
649:Marxist
541:Commons
508:Private
497:Sectors
468:Rhenish
438:Keralan
428:Chinese
402:Virtual
382:Sharing
372:Planned
362:Natural
327:Digital
215:Islamic
175:Fascist
163:Welfare
41:Discuss
1650:Indigo
1633:Cotton
1537:
1429:
1121:Slaves
1118:Region
1083:slaves
1074:, 1823
939:rubber
935:cotton
927:export
798:Palace
674:Market
669:Barter
513:Public
473:Soviet
458:Nordic
453:German
419:Asian
352:Market
37:merged
1478:. PBS
1456:(PDF)
1269:India
1257:Haiti
1255:—and
1185:. In
963:sisal
959:kapok
848:World
833:Token
723:Price
463:Dutch
357:Mixed
262:State
190:Green
1792:Leon
1655:Rice
1645:Hemp
1535:ISBN
1514:2013
1484:2006
1427:ISBN
1189:and
1041:and
1039:rice
1035:soil
955:rice
951:figs
684:Open
679:Free
367:Open
342:Gift
337:Dual
1321:.
1172:13%
1156:29%
1140:47%
992:tea
929:of
35:be
1851::
1500:.
1472:.
1441:^
1251:,
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953:,
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543:(
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