Battle of Thiepval Ridge

186: 2215: 1276: 2585: 1740: 1161:'s intention to proceed with vigorous co-ordinated attacks by the Anglo-French armies, which became disjointed and declined in effectiveness during late September, at the same time as a revival occurred in the German defence. The British experimented with new techniques in gas warfare, machine-gun bombardment and tank–infantry co-operation. The German defenders on the Somme front struggled to withstand the preponderance of men and material fielded by the Anglo–French, despite reorganisation and substantial reinforcement of troops, artillery and aircraft from Verdun. September became the month most costly in casualties for the German armies on the Somme. 1390: 1876: 2698: 1478:, to the east of Thiepval, had become dangerously isolated, 350 yd (320 m) beyond any support trenches, connected only by a half-demolished trench. The losses incurred in its defence weakened the garrison in the area, for little corresponding gain. Beyond the south-west of Thiepval, the original German front position ran northwards to St Pierre Divion and the Ancre. The German garrisons were alerted that an attack was imminent on 22 September and German artillery began harassing fire on British trenches and supply dumps. The British assembly for the attack early on 26 September went undisturbed. 200: 157: 56: 2055: 1693: 171: 143: 1439: 2479:. The digging of British assembly trenches was seen before the attack, alerting the defenders and the first two waves of British infantry were shot down. A tank appeared from Authuille Wood leading a third wave, which collected survivors of the first two and came close to the German position, just as IR 180 companies on the south and west sides of the Thiepval defences, were attacked from behind by British bombers moving west. Some British troops reached 1357:

infantry to occupy were not bombarded sufficiently for destruction. Two changes were introduced into the artillery plan, gas shell was to be fired by 4 in (100 mm) mortars and the machine guns of both attacking corps, were arranged to fire overhead barrages into the gaps between the artillery barrage lines. The creeping barrage was to move at 100 yd (91 m) in three minutes, then at 100 yd (91 m) in two minutes, when

1198:, was less certain but did lay stress on the supports crossing the danger zone swiftly. Gough also used the evidence of a film of an attack on 18 September, to decide against infantry advancing in groups, because of their vulnerability to artillery and because German defences in the gaps between groups were unsuppressed, allowing them to cut off the forward infantry and stop the advance of supporting groups and troops on the flanks. 1267:

screen, which enabled supplies to be moved up and wounded to be brought down, with little German shelling. The division arranged a stratagem, whereby the assembly and Hindenburg trenches were to be left empty after the first waves had advanced and the reserve battalion held back, to avoid the German counter-barrage. As soon as the counter-barrage stopped the troops were to advance rapidly in small columns.

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troops moved forward before zero hour to avoid the German artillery and two tanks advanced from Caterpillar Copse. The advance through Thiepval went slowly, being held up by machine-gun fire from the château ruins, until a tank came up and suppressed the German machine-guns, before ditching a short time later. The infantry lost the barrage but fought on through the village until by

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and aircraft were brought from Verdun and XXXII Corps took over on the right of I Corps. The Sixth Army was to advance 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) close to the line Moislains–Le Transloy. Foch intervened on 25 September, to ensure that I Corps and XXXII Corps attacked north to Sailly-Saillisel, with V Corps as right flank guard. The big attacks on the afternoons of

2564:, which began on 1 October. Apart from here and at Sailly-Saillisel in the French Sixth Army area, Bazentin ridge had been captured, giving ground observation of the upper Ancre river and the spurs and valleys on the north bank. The British made better use of their artillery, while German artillery ammunition consumption in September rose to 1322:) and II Corps, each with two divisions in the attack. Three stages were set for the advance, with halts of ten minutes and one hour before the final advance. The Canadian Corps was to provide a flank guard on the right, by taking the German trenches on the spur north-west of Courcelette, the right of II Corps was to take 2553:

German accounts of the battle conclude that the break-ins north-west of Courcelette and just east of Thiepval led to the defeat. Lack of reserves forced the 7th Division to retreat in the east and the success of the British 11th Division allowed Thiepval to be outflanked from the right, with the loss

2279:, to hold the 1,700 yd (1,600 m) of the trench that the regiment was responsible for but they managed to stop the Canadian advance all afternoon, except for the loss of 200 yd (180 m) of the trench near the Courcelette–Grandcourt road. After dark the 7th Division withdrew south to 2009:

attacked at noon with the 11th Division on the left and reached Hessian Trench in places, which were lost and then regained during German shelling and counter-attacks. In the II Corps area, the 11th Division attacked Stuff Redoubt and Hessian Trench to the right, most of which were captured and touch

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Careful planning for the combined attack at Morval was necessary, due to the French Sixth Army advance diverging east and north-east. The new attack northwards to keep touch with the British, needed reinforcements of troops and artillery, which were taken from the Tenth Army further south. Artillery

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Trench at dark and then tried to bomb forward. The 54th Brigade attacked on a narrow 300 yd (270 m) front, with one battalion going through the village, a company advancing along the original German front line, with the other two battalions in support and reserve following on. The advanced

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on the left. Zero hour was set for the afternoon instead of dawn, because Maxse wanted only three hours of daylight for the consolidation on the final objective, so that most of the work would be done after dark, to avoid exposure to observed artillery fire. The Thiepval attack was to be followed by

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The battalion on the left had been delayed; German bombers counter-attacked the flank and were repulsed. The left battalion had formed up in no man's land to escape the German counter-barrage but had a harder fight to reach their objectives, taking until mid-afternoon to reach the second objective,

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After a German artillery bombardment on the 6th Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division all night and the morning of 27 September, patrols found that the Germans had withdrawn and the brigade advanced to the German practice trenches up Dyke Road, running north-east from Courcelette and occupied the rest of

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Redoubt, which overlooked the slope down to St Pierre Divion. It was emphasised that the Germans were to be driven off the crest, to deny the Germans observation towards Albert and gain observation over the Ancre valley. The German front line west of Thiepval was to be captured during the advance.

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and two battalions of infantry dug about 2,500 yd (1.4 mi; 2.3 km) of assembly and communication trenches and existing positions were also improved; supply dumps were prepared over four nights of digging. The road from Authuille to Thiepval was repaired and hidden behind a brushwood

2201:

Redoubt, the denial of air observation to the Germans became more important and eleven aircraft raided Lagnicourt aerodrome again, escorted by 11 Squadron and 60 Squadron. Many German aircraft were able to take off and attack the British aircraft as they returned, three German aircraft being shot

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after the beginning of British attacks. Jacob considered that the supporting lines played little part in the success of the attack and merely added to casualties. Jacob also advocated afternoon attacks, since the six made by his corps had succeeded and the two dawn attacks had failed. The Reserve

2224:

The 7th Division near Courcelette had all three regiments forward, with a battalion each in the front, support and reserve lines. The front trenches next to the Albert–Bapaume road were lost quickly, while Infantry Regiment 72 (IR 72) in the centre held its ground and the right-hand regiment was

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north of the Ancre, being used to fire on the German river crossings and trenches on the south bank from behind. II Corps artillery was to pay special attention the demoralisation of the German garrisons of the redoubts and Thiepval village, while certain German trenches intended for the British

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On 28 September, a cavalry patrol moved forward on the right of the 6th Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division at dawn but was quickly stopped by machine-gun fire. The brigade dug in facing north-east beyond the German practice trenches and a battalion advanced north up Courcelette Trench, meeting much

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After the Battle of Flers–Courcelette on 22 September, the Anglo-French armies tried to press their advantage with several smaller attacks in quick succession, rather than pause to regroup and give the German armies time to recover. Periodisation by historians has given discrete dates for the

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Redoubt held on, helped by an accurate counter-barrage falling 150 yd (140 m) beyond. A British artillery battery which tried to unlimber 1,000 yd (910 m) to the south-west, was knocked out with machine-gun fire. After another bombardment, the British resumed the attack at

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Thiepval Ridge was well fortified and the German defenders fought with great determination, while the British co-ordination of infantry and artillery declined after the first day, due to the confused nature of the fighting in the mazes of trenches, dugouts and shell-craters. The final British

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West of the Canadian Corps, II Corps attacked with the 11th and 18th (Eastern) divisions. The 11th Division advanced with two brigades. The 34th Brigade on the right attacked with two battalions; a bombing party attacking Mouquet Farm just before zero and then guarding the dugout exits. Both

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A preliminary operation to capture Mouquet Farm began on the evening of 24 September, when a company from the 11th Division reached the farm, before a German bombardment and a bombing attack covered by accurate machine-gun fire, forced the British back. The creeping barrage began prompt at

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Because of the significance that the positions at Thiepval as a first-day objective, which was not captured until almost three months later, the high ground on the point of the Thiepval Spur was selected to be the location of the Anglo-French memorial to the "missing of the Somme". The

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into a moonscape, while British aircraft machine-gunned the trench from 150 ft (46 m). A Canadian attack was repulsed and a second attempt at midnight was stopped with the help of reinforcements. The Canadians had pressed forward on both flanks and got round either side of

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and patrols from the 49th (West Riding) Division occupied parts of the German front line, then met the troops on the left of the 54th Brigade. Grenade skirmishes occurred intermittently during the night and a battalion from the 55th Brigade took over the front of the 54th Brigade.

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Trench, which by nightfall had taken the southern half of the redoubt. Canadian bombers assisted the capture of Hessian Trench and the division was relieved by the 25th Division overnight. A dawn counter-attack drove the 18th (Eastern) Division from the south and west sides of

1431:(Grandcourt Trench). The cellars under Thiepval Château had been extended into a complex of tunnels used as storehouses and shelters. A sunken road running up the middle of the village to the cemetery had been lined with dug-outs and in the original front-line to the west were 1253:

since August. Two divisional field artilleries were attached to the division and II Corps put a battery of 6 in (150 mm) howitzers and four tanks at the disposal of the divisional commander. On 21 September, the trenches south of Thiepval were taken over from the

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an attack astride the Ancre River. Orders for the capture of more objectives and to gain ground at every opportunity, were issued on 28 September and were intended to combine with the Fourth Army attacks planned for early October, which became known as the

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which failed. During the night, the four Canadian brigades engaged were relieved by the 4th and 8th brigades. In II Corps the 32nd Brigade took over on the right of the 11th Division, ready to take Stuff Redoubt and Hessian Trench at

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battalions got to the German support trench (first objective) although one of the supporting battalions was caught by the German counter-barrage at the British front-line. The right-hand battalion became bogged down fighting through

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The battle for Mouquet Farm continued; two attached tanks ditched nearby and the machine-guns from one tank were removed and the crew carried on as infantry. Reinforcements were sent forward (including a pioneer battalion) and at

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of the village and most of the garrison, the British advancing 1,000–2,000 yd (910–1,830 m) on the 6,000 yd (3.4 mi; 5.5 km) front attacked. The British pushed on in the next few days towards Stuff and

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the 6th Canadian Brigade advanced behind a creeping barrage with three battalions and two attached tanks, though a German counter-barrage kept the right-hand battalion in its trenches. Both tanks were lost early but the

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Redoubt, which lasted all day; the ground gained could not be held and the battalion later relieved troops in the captured German front system. On 30 September, the 11th Division resumed the attack on Stuff Redoubt at

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The 18th (Eastern) Division attacked with two battalions of the 53rd Brigade on the right from Nab Valley with a battalion following-on. The plan to avoid the German counter-barrage worked and the first objective, at

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British troops were photographed in Hessian Trench and air observers were able to report the capture of Thiepval, save for the north-west corner. Artillery observers in aircraft and observation balloons reported

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and the German front position had been crossed. Six of the eight tanks available were allotted to II Corps. Divisional reliefs were to be delayed to keep the attacking troops fresh, beginning on the night of

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the south side of the redoubt had been captured and linked with the troops in Midway Line to the right, as the left gained touch with mixed groups from the 54th Brigade. The west of the redoubt was taken by

3543:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: 1711:

which was just short of the ridge crest, linking with the left brigade later. The left brigade advanced with two reinforced battalions, which received machine-gun fire from the left flank but reached

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Infantry Regiment 180 (WIR 180) since 1914, which still contained many pre-war trained soldiers. The regiment had not been moved and was allowed to make its own arrangements, using Bapaume as a base.

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the advance resumed towards Hessian Trench, which was taken easily. Touch was gained with the right brigade but contact with the 11th Division on the left was not gained. The Canadians bombed down

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and Corps squadron air observers on contact patrol, watched the infantry advance behind the creeping barrage and enter Thiepval with two tanks, which prompted some German soldiers to run away. At

2231:(Fabeck Trench) in no man's land, which the British artillery planners had ignored, thinking that it was derelict. The Germans were quickly outflanked and the fifty survivors surrendered at 1685:

in the centre reached the German front line in ten minutes, while the left battalion was stopped by machine-gun fire from ahead and the left flank, except for a few troops on the right. At

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dropped a hundred and thirty-five 20-pound bombs on trenches, artillery and billets as III Brigade bombed Lagnicourt aerodrome despite poor visibility and attacked German kite balloons,

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in August but had less effect, much of the ammunition being used inefficiently on unobserved area bombardments, while defensive barrage fire was limited to three-minute periods; up to

1303:, directed the Reserve Army to attack towards Achiet le Grand and the Third Army to stand ready to attack at Gommecourt as a flank guard. Gough, ordered the attack for 26 September at 2712:

is dedicated to the men who were killed and whose bodies were never recovered, during the fighting in the vicinity from 1916 to 1918. The piers of the memorial bear the names of over

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in the second stage of the advance and Stuff Redoubt at the final objective on the crest of the ridge. On the left the corps was to take Thiepval in the second stage and then reach

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September took little ground in the face of very heavy German artillery fire. Fayolle concluded that an extensive artillery preparation would be needed before resuming the attack.

5294: 1419:. The German front position on the south face of Thiepval was about 300 yd (270 m) in front of the village; about 1,000 yd (910 m) back was the second line, 5309: 2754:

Anglo-French battles but there were considerable overlaps and continuity of operations, until the weather and supply difficulties in mid-November ended the battle. The British

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and were repulsed. Canadian troops advancing to the left began to threaten the left flank, as British troops got past on the right and then caused the survivors to withdraw to

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bombs. Two German aircraft were shot down and four damaged for the loss of one British aircraft over Bapaume but the faster German machines were able to avoid contact at will.

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was made the first line and ground still occupied in front of it was to be held by advanced posts. By early morning the new divisional front line had been established between

1425:("Stuff Trench" to the British and "Regina Trench" to the Canadians) about 1,000 yd (910 m) and another 1,000 yd (910 m) further back was the third line, 2386:, were overrun by British infantry, hardly any escaping. Dust and smoke from the artillery hung in the air during the afternoon and shrouded the British infantry advance to 2505:

a carrier pigeon arrived at the 26th Reserve Division headquarters, with a message that eighteen men were left in the I Battalion dug-out. The Thiepval garrison lost about

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the first objective. The 1st Canadian Division was counter-attacked at Kenora Trench in the early hours and was forced back until an attack re-occupied the trench. Around

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The 1st Canadian Division attacked with two brigades. The right brigade with two battalions advanced 400 yd (370 m) to Sudbury Trench and resumed the advance at

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IR 72 had both flanks in the air, when reinforcements from the support battalion made a defensive flank along the sunken part of the Courcelette–Miraumont road, south of

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The attack was postponed but one of the two battalions attacked and reached the south side of Stuff Redoubt. An hour later Hessian Trench to the west was captured and at

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a German bombing attack nearly retook the trench, until repulsed at the last moment; later the Canadians withdrew to the support trench and then made a counter-attack at

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in company with a 146th Brigade battalion of the 49th (West Riding) Division, in the original British front line west of Thiepval. All of Thiepval had been captured by

1727:

Trench and built a barricade, as machine-gun fire forced a slight withdrawal from the left part of Hessian Trench, a defensive flank being thrown back from Hessian to

1189:, advocated attacks by one line, to avoid supporting lines being caught in German counter-bombardments on the British front-line and no man's land, which usually fell 5391: 5028: 4852: 4192: 1979:

Trench to Midway Line, while an extra battalion attacked the redoubt and a battalion from the 54th Brigade attacked on the left, down to the original front line.

1963:

but the attack was delayed. A bombing attack into the rest of Stuff Redoubt gained ground but this was later abandoned. The 18th (Eastern) Division was to attack

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pits and blew up nine ammunition stores. Few German aircraft appeared but two were shot down and two damaged, one of the aircraft being shot down by a new

2360:. The defence of IR 153 on the outskirts of Thiepval collapsed when three tanks appeared, proving to be immune to machine-gun fire and hand-grenades. All 5936: 5701: 5456: 2770:

Air observers could identify troops from 700 ft (210 m) and in good light could distinguish occupied trenches from 2,000 ft (610 m).

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gained with the Canadians, while the attack on the redoubt failed. After battalion reliefs in the 18th (Eastern) Division, a bombing fight began around

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surrendered, after being attacked with smoke bombs. The 33rd Brigade on the left attacked from Nab Valley with two battalions, reached Joseph Trench at

5696: 5386: 5337: 5252: 2679:. In the Battle of the Ancre Heights, which began on 1 October, the final objectives of the Battle of Thiepval were reached; on 14 October the rest of 1942:

Trench behind a Stokes mortar barrage. Unit reliefs were completed quickly in the 54th Brigade on the left and the attack through Thiepval resumed at

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Redoubt was approached and touch was gained on the right with the 11th Division. Troops later reached the south-west corner of the redoubt and by

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Trench and Midway Line was mopped up by a reserve battalion which also reinforced Hessian Trench, repelling a German counter-attack on the right.

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against slight resistance. The advance was stopped by German machine-gun fire after another 250 yd (230 m) and the troops fell back to

900: 575: 1689:

the objective was captured from Twenty Road, westwards to the east end of Miraumont Road and held against two counter-attacks during the night.

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photographs were obtained and low reconnaissance observed the state of German trenches and wire. With the capture of Stuff Redoubt and most of

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The preliminary bombardment began on 23 September in poor visibility and mist rose morning and evening for the next few days. II Corps fired

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Redoubt and the old front line north-west to St Pierre Divion were held by Infantry Regiment 66. The support and reserve battalions were in

5441: 5371: 5010: 4222: 4133: 2446:, touch on the left being gained at the Grandcourt–Courcelette road with the right of the 7th Division and the right being extended to the 5465: 4356: 3810: 2729: 1910:

was stopped by machine-gun fire from Stuff Redoubt and Hessian Trench. The 32nd Brigade in reserve was ordered to continue the attack at

1412: 533: 176: 2143:

Next day British offensive patrols met numerous German formations in the morning, before heavy rain interrupted flying. Six aircraft of

1249:. Howell briefed the division on the local situation and recent experience which the unit commanders found helpful, having only been in 4033: 4363: 1296: 821: 1145:) in the west, which overlooked the German defences further north in the Ancre valley, the rising ground towards Beaumont-Hamel and 4015: 90: 5691: 3753: 5623: 5461: 5448: 5405: 5314: 5040: 4842: 4749: 4651: 4409: 4056: 1307:

to push the Germans off the high ground of the Thiepval Ridge, from Courcelette 6,000 yd (3.4 mi; 5.5 km) west to

5941: 5815: 5805: 5673: 1416: 1319: 2273:, (Hessian Trench) which fell when the front and support battalions of IR 26 were annihilated, few soldiers making it back to 5587: 5521: 5358: 5237: 4910: 3929: 3785: 3697: 3670: 3651: 3632: 3613: 3590: 3571: 3552: 3529: 3503: 3462: 3440: 3421: 3399: 3380: 1408: 2073:

made a number of low reconnaissance flights to observe the condition of the German wire and trenches before the attack. GHQ

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Trench was occupied westwards to the junction with Midway Line and eastwards to link with the Canadians. An advance due at

1255: 290: 3692:. Foreign Military Studies. Translated by Zabecki, D. T.; Biedekarken, D. J. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 5533: 4857: 4485: 3990: 1183: 543: 479: 5747: 5732: 5022: 4424: 4182: 1954:

German machine-gun fire from Regina Trench. Two more attempts were made in the afternoon and another in the evening at

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Redoubt to the north-west. The left brigade attacked eastwards during the morning, linked with the 34th Brigade and at

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except for the 250 yd (230 m) on the right. Touch was gained on the left with the 18th (Eastern) Division at

234: 17: 3724:. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery. 686: 5607: 5301: 5117: 4389: 3860: 2455:

Infantry Regiment 180 (IR 180) of the 26th Reserve Division held Thiepval with part of Reserve Infantry Regiment 77;

639: 4787: 3825: 2214: 1930:

the rest of Hessian Trench was occupied. The 53rd Brigade on the right of the 18th (Eastern) Division consolidated

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Trench, while others sheltered to the west of the redoubt. The left battalion was caught by machine-gun fire from

5858: 5663: 5643: 5430: 5366: 5189: 5058: 3962: 3882: 3820: 2485:(Bulgar Trench) behind Thiepval, where the support companies managed to stop the British moving further west. In 757: 469: 425: 283: 4523: 5956: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5638: 5332: 3977: 3952: 3850: 2191:, flown by a pilot of 60 Squadron. Poor weather grounded most aircraft on 29 September but next day was clear, 1216: 2395:

The German defence on either side was outflanked, on the left Mouquet Farm was surrounded (and held out until

5633: 5628: 5592: 5526: 5418: 5264: 4847: 4699: 4237: 4165: 4096: 3865: 3835: 3830: 3625:

Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

2800: 2324:(Mouquet Trench) to the Thiepval–Pozières road, with a company in Mouquet Farm and the support battalions in 1665: 1411:, from Courcelette westwards to Thiepval. The village was garrisoned by two regiments, one attached from the 1275: 1175: 1097: 779: 3748: 2584: 703: 5916: 5582: 5209: 5149: 5046: 4951: 4714: 4500: 4204: 4043: 3942: 3665:. The Official History of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Vol. I. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2203: 1950:

and touch gained with the 53rd Brigade, 146th Brigade being relieved by a 25th Division brigade overnight.

1404: 1400: 1120: 878: 708: 538: 5820: 5257: 5242: 5100: 5052: 4817: 4368: 4242: 4155: 4150: 3919: 3907: 3902: 2660: 2561: 1739: 1316: 1300: 1288: 1223: 1154: 1112: 1078: 1050: 1030: 863: 618: 491: 486: 217: 4429: 2618:

German losses are uncertain but September is considered to be the most costly month of the battle, with

720: 5800: 5757: 5034: 4792: 4777: 4679: 4548: 4116: 4028: 3985: 3498:. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 2718:"but to whom the fortunes of war denied the known and honoured burial given to their comrades in death" 1239: 1108: 1025: 1015: 993: 927: 843: 833: 806: 634: 1389: 5742: 5510: 5094: 5082: 4837: 4822: 4543: 4434: 4128: 4106: 3855: 3845: 3778: 1875: 1475: 1179: 1073: 1045: 1000: 983: 939: 853: 774: 730: 725: 513: 4689: 1157:(1 October – 11 November). Organisational difficulties and deteriorating weather frustrated General 376: 5951: 5717: 5204: 5194: 5123: 5076: 5064: 5004: 4812: 4807: 4729: 4138: 4111: 3815: 3758: 3541:

Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

2755: 2664: 2094:. Ground observers were able to engage six German batteries, while air observation allowed another 1870: 1353: 1285: 1040: 978: 954: 858: 784: 501: 496: 366: 5946: 5788: 5780: 5722: 5482: 5177: 4940: 4767: 4762: 4694: 4553: 4538: 4533: 4513: 4394: 4271: 1227: 1212: 1005: 966: 944: 794: 735: 661: 398: 354: 349: 324: 4734: 2106: 5555: 5279: 5214: 5070: 4797: 4724: 4674: 4659: 4641: 4614: 4528: 4495: 4160: 4121: 4101: 3912: 3805: 2676: 1020: 988: 949: 917: 848: 816: 789: 762: 671: 558: 452: 430: 408: 329: 3495:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

3433:

When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

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Two tanks advanced in support but quickly ditched as the battalions advanced again, reaching

1673: 1669: 1648:

artillery rounds. On the afternoon of 24 September a detachment of the Special Brigade fired

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German troops on the road, who were scattered by British heavy artillery. The squadrons of

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Military units after the first one mentioned in this section are French unless specified.

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British operations concluded on 30 September, with the capture of a large portion of the

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reaching Kenora Trench on the right which ran north-west back to Regina/Stuff Trench by

1415:; the ground from Thiepval to St Pierre Divion was held by a regiment detached from the 5837: 5752: 5111: 4975: 4957: 4922: 4886: 4719: 4684: 4636: 4621: 4508: 4459: 4298: 4257: 3937: 3712: 2675:

Redoubt, north of Thiepval, another first day objective which had been attacked by the

2070: 2066: 1836:

Trench on the right and the Pozières–St Pierre Divion road on the left, was reached in

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Redoubt; the south side was recaptured and the north side of the redoubt was taken at

644: 5870: 5864: 5825: 5727: 5560: 5143: 4998: 4981: 4782: 4604: 4584: 4419: 4404: 4334: 4322: 4023: 4000: 3947: 3725: 3693: 3666: 3647: 3628: 3609: 3586: 3567: 3548: 3525: 3499: 3493: 3480: 3458: 3436: 3417: 3395: 3376: 2804: 1692: 971: 912: 715: 570: 339: 2251:(Stuff Trench) and the rest joined Reserve Infantry Regiment 393 on the left flank. 4928: 4898: 4892: 4802: 4631: 4599: 4589: 4328: 4252: 4247: 4175: 3995: 3895: 3416:. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: Royal Artillery Institution. 2792: 2170: 2117: 1982:

Bulgar Trench was taken quickly but the Germans in Midway Line held out longer. By

1358: 1308: 1136: 1124: 873: 649: 437: 420: 238: 3743: 3583:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century

2173:. Another British aircraft was lost on an early morning railway reconnaissance by 5737: 5577: 4916: 4469: 4444: 4143: 4051: 3890: 3409: 1259: 1116: 1068: 740: 565: 242: 47: 2509:

casualties and the survivors rallied astride the Thiepval–Grandcourt road, from

5570: 5550: 5221: 4934: 4772: 4563: 4454: 4310: 4214: 4197: 3450: 2796: 2779:

By the beginning of the Battle of the Somme, the Imperial German Flying Corps (

2166: 1312: 1246: 1153:

objectives were not reached until a reorganisation of the Reserve Army and the

811: 681: 548: 229: 148: 1453: 5910: 5681: 4969: 4963: 4399: 4316: 4227: 3729: 3455:

Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army's Art of Attack 1916–18

2808: 2686: 2154: 1784:

Trench and the remnants of the support battalion advanced to reinforce them.

1242: 1158: 693: 225: 205: 105: 92: 3484: 1806:

Trench between Mouquet Farm and the east end of Thiepval where they dug in.

1381:

redoubts were to be captured by 29 September and Stuff Trench by 1 October.

5131: 4558: 3472: 2814: 2148: 1195: 1104: 221: 3602: 2576:

the German guns became unserviceable in battle due to mechanical failure.

5342: 5247: 4945: 4373: 3794: 3716: 3348: 2348:

from the Pozières road to the east edge of Thiepval with the supports in

2113: 2059: 1186: 1132: 2758:

continues the narrative to 30 September, despite dating the battle from

2225:

pushed back slowly, having managed to ambush the Canadians by occupying

2046:

retook the north face, up to the entrance to Stuff Trench on the right.

1438: 2614:

the men being wounded). Casualties in the 18th (Eastern) Division were

2188: 2136: 1516: 1444: 1219: 553: 2177:. On 28 September V Brigade aircraft reported the British advances at 5137: 4904: 2685:

Redoubt was captured and the Canadian Corps completed the capture of

2589:

Stretcher bearers during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge, September 1916

1231: 2825:), new specialist German fighter squadrons, formed from August 1916. 2098:

be bombarded. South of Miraumont a 4 Squadron air observer reported

1652:(gas) shells into Thiepval, which silenced German trench mortars by 5397: 2219:

Aerial photograph of Thiepval under bombardment, 1916 (IWM Q 63740)

2025:

with bombing parties advancing west along Hessian Trench and along

1250: 79: 3759:

Battle of Thiepval Ridge, 26–30 September 1916 at historyofwar.org

3690:

Lossberg's War: The World War I Memoirs of a German Chief of Staff

275: 3524:(Arms & Armour Press ed.). London: Weidenfeld Military. 3479:(repr. Cedric Chivers ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. 2235:

The Canadians pressed forward on both flanks and quickly overran

1462:

Redoubt guarded the first line between Courcelette and Thiepval,

1235: 3708:

1914–1918 (Berlin, Verlag Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn 1939)

1894:

which failed. In the II Corps area, the 11th Division found the

586: 1135:

in the east, near the Albert–Bapaume road, to Thiepval and the

162: 83: 3763: 3089: 3087: 3035: 3033: 3031: 1474:

redoubts anchored the west end of the first and second lines.

1238:

commanders reconnoitred the ground and a lecture was given by

5565: 3336: 2936: 2560:

redoubts, where the Germans were eventually dislodged in the

2131: 3182: 3180: 3167: 3165: 3544: 3099: 3084: 3072: 3028: 2124:

attacked a German divisional headquarters at Barastre with

3566:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood. 3276: 3228: 3192: 3140: 3138: 3062: 3060: 3018: 3016: 2989: 3646:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 3264: 3204: 3177: 3162: 2977: 2405:

was captured, IR 165 to the left being forced back along

1664:

On the right flank, the Canadian Corps attacked with the

1222:), moved south after three weeks' battle training in the 3324: 3252: 3150: 3123: 2847: 1772:

Redoubt and Midway Line, which ran from Mouquet Farm to

3394:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3135: 3057: 3045: 3013: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2895: 2871: 2859: 1280:

Schwaben Redoubt aerial photograph, 1916 (IWM HU 91107)

3375:(Littlehampton Book Services ed.). London: Dent. 3312: 2883: 1756:

Redoubt and most of the moppers-up were killed. About

1661:

on 26 September and the infantry began their advance.

27:

Battle on the Western Front during the First World War

3240: 3001: 2120:

and bombing grounded balloons with phosphorus bombs.

1744:

British Tank (male) Mark I, Somme, 25 September 1916.

3300: 3288: 3216: 2965: 2948: 2907: 2716:

soldiers, who were killed on the Somme battlefields

5932:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

3392:

Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

3111: 3749:Thiepval Memorial to the Missing at greatwar.co.uk 3601: 1717:Trench, taking the western part after a delay. At 1131:afterwards. The battle was fought on a front from 1778:Redoubt, north of Thiepval. A few troops reached 1394:Mouquet Farm before its destruction. (AWM J00181) 1206: 5908: 2807:and other older British and French designs. The 1880:Thiepval aerial photograph, 1916. (IWM HU 91108) 167: 4740:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 2306:to the east edge of Thiepval, with supports in 2169:, which shot down three and damaged one of the 1352:guns and howitzers were available, the guns of 1258:and work begun to prepare them for the attack. 2782:Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches 1119:. The attack was intended to benefit from the 3779: 2710:Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme 602: 291: 3564:The 18th (Eastern) Division in the Great War 2820: 2812: 2786: 2780: 2680: 2670: 2555: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2496: 2490: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2392:, where two reserve companies held them up. 2387: 2381: 2375: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2294:IR 93, 8th Division, held the defences from 2286: 2280: 2274: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2246: 2236: 2226: 2196: 2178: 2160: 2152: 2033: 2026: 2015: 1987: 1974: 1964: 1937: 1931: 1921: 1901: 1895: 1861:all but the north-west corner was captured. 1851: 1841: 1831: 1821: 1807: 1801: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1751: 1728: 1722: 1712: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1426: 1420: 1376: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1140: 5230: 3599: 3282: 3234: 2730:List of Canadian battles during World War I 2374:battalions of German troops in the area of 1226:area, joining II Corps on 8 September. All 5937:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 3786: 3772: 2005:On 29 September, the 8th Brigade from the 1399:The German front position was held by the 609: 595: 298: 284: 3711: 1270: 5927:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5029:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 3687: 3580: 3519: 3449: 3408: 3370: 3354: 3318: 3105: 3093: 3078: 3066: 3051: 3039: 3022: 2889: 2853: 2696: 2654: 2583: 2213: 2130: 2053: 1874: 1738: 1691: 1437: 1388: 1274: 1169: 182: 5922:Battles of World War I involving Canada 5406:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 3663:Canadian Airmen and the First World War 3641: 3585:(1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. 3561: 3430: 3198: 3007: 2995: 2918: 2901: 2865: 2318:. IR 165 continued the line west along 2202:down and one damaged for a loss of one 2183:Redoubt and directed artillery fire on 1920:a battalion began bombing forward from 14: 5909: 3718:Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919 3644:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 3622: 3246: 3210: 3186: 3171: 2983: 2702:Thiepval mémorial (silhouette floue) 1 2594:The 1st Canadian Division losses from 1384: 5359:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 4695:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 3767: 3538: 3491: 3471: 3389: 3342: 3330: 3306: 3294: 3270: 3258: 3222: 3156: 3129: 2971: 2959: 2942: 2930: 2877: 2254:At dusk the British artillery turned 1672:on the right, as flank guard and the 1096:was the first large offensive of the 590: 279: 5763:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 3660: 3144: 3117: 2530: 5692:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 4486:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3754:Thiepval Memorial at webmatters.net 3744:Thiepval Memorial FirstWorldWar.com 1443:Mouquet Farm Pozieres. (Painted by 1194:Army commander, Lieutenant-General 1174:Some debate had occurred among the 305: 24: 4425:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3681: 2209: 1864: 1491: 25: 5968: 3737: 3522:The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account 3357:, pp. 538–539, 545–546, 619. 2049: 1348:guns, howitzers and mortars with 616: 4788:Second Battle of the Piave River 4410:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2692: 2090:and identified the positions of 198: 184: 169: 155: 141: 54: 5859:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5059:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 3793: 3618:– via Archive Foundation. 2828: 2773: 2764: 2330:(Green Redoubt), (Midway Line) 1486: 5682:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 5541:Deportations from East Prussia 5338:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 3600:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). 2747: 2602:the 11th Division losses from 2086:German batteries in the first 1495: 1207:British offensive preparations 1178:staffs on attack tactics. The 13: 1: 5942:History of Somme (department) 5593:Ukrainian Canadian internment 3706:Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkriege 3373:Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches 3363: 2801:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12 2630: 2619: 2579: 2489:the British had also reached 2285:and east to cover Pys in the 2099: 1164: 5748:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5047:Estonian War of Independence 4715:Southern Palestine offensive 3688:Lossberg, Fritz von (2017). 2841: 2543: 7: 5702:USA against Austria-Hungary 5101:Turkish War of Independence 5053:Latvian War of Independence 4778:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 4369:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 3562:Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) . 2723: 2661:Capture of Schwaben Redoubt 2562:Battle of the Ancre Heights 2548: 1760:dug in on the right facing 1297:British Expeditionary Force 1256:49th (West Riding) Division 1155:Battle of the Ancre Heights 1079:Western Front tactics, 1917 10: 5973: 5785:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 5333:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 4793:Second Battle of the Marne 4680:Second battle of the Aisne 4549:Second Battle of Champagne 4390:German invasion of Belgium 3435:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 2658: 2623: 135,000 casualties. 2014:along the western edge of 1973:, the right brigade along 1936:Trench, then took part of 1868: 1452:Thiepval had been held by 1413:2nd Guard Reserve Division 1201: 320:Battles of the Somme, 1916 5891: 5850: 5771: 5710: 5672: 5616: 5605: 5566:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 5509: 5481: 5429: 5351: 5325: 5277: 5170: 5163: 5095:Irish War of Independence 4991: 4873: 4838:Armistice of Villa Giusti 4823:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 4748: 4650: 4577: 4478: 4435:First Battle of the Marne 4382: 4344: 4279: 4270: 4213: 4087: 4076: 4042: 4014: 3976: 3928: 3881: 3874: 3801: 3371:Boraston, J. H. (1979) . 2945:, pp. 412 & 420. 2636:by the Reserve Army from 2042:Another German attack at 1481: 626: 317: 261: 248: 211: 133: 62: 53: 41: 36: 5718:Constantinople Agreement 5011:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 4874:Co-belligerent conflicts 4843:Second Romanian campaign 4813:Third Transjordan attack 4524:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 4430:Battle of Grand Couronné 3623:Rogers, D., ed. (2010). 3345:, pp. 447–454, 465. 2740: 2665:Capture of Regina Trench 1871:Capture of Stuff Redoubt 1094:Battle of Thiepval Ridge 37:Battle of Thiepval Ridge 5781:Modus vivendi of Acroma 5733:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5041:Greater Poland Uprising 4941:National Protection War 4818:Meuse–Argonne offensive 4768:German spring offensive 4763:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4539:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 4514:Second Battle of Artois 4395:Battle of the Frontiers 3283:Prior & Wilson 2005 3235:Prior & Wilson 2005 2116:shooting down two with 1697:Night scene at Thiepval 1683:29th Canadian Battalion 1213:18th (Eastern) Division 967:German spring offensive 5806:Paris Peace Conference 5794:Ukraine–Central Powers 5588:Massacres of Albanians 5556:Late Ottoman genocides 5363:Bulgarian occupations 5071:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5035:Hungarian–Romanian War 4853:Naval Victory Bulletin 4848:Armistice with Germany 4798:Hundred Days Offensive 4725:Battle of La Malmaison 4675:Second battle of Arras 4642:Battle of Transylvania 4496:Second Battle of Ypres 4364:Sarajevo assassination 4253:South African Republic 3520:McCarthy, C. (1995) . 3492:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 2821: 2813: 2787: 2781: 2704: 2681: 2677:36th (Ulster) Division 2671: 2634: 10,000 captured 2591: 2556: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2497: 2491: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2256: 2247: 2237: 2227: 2221: 2197: 2179: 2161: 2153: 2147:were attacked by five 2140: 2063: 2034: 2027: 2016: 1988: 1975: 1965: 1938: 1932: 1922: 1902: 1896: 1882: 1852: 1842: 1832: 1822: 1816:and Hessian Trench by 1812:Trench was reached by 1808: 1802: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1752: 1746: 1729: 1723: 1713: 1699: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1449: 1427: 1421: 1396: 1377: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1282: 1271:British plan of attack 1141: 235:Crown Prince Rupprecht 212:Commanders and leaders 106:50.054528°N 2.688389°E 5957:September 1916 events 5816:Treaty of St. Germain 5789:Russia–Central Powers 5743:Sykes–Picot Agreement 5571:Pontic Greek genocide 5546:Destruction of Kalisz 5522:Eastern Mediterranean 5083:Polish–Lithuanian War 4865:Armistice of Belgrade 4828:Armistice of Salonica 4758:Operation Faustschlag 4705:Third Battle of Oituz 4627:Baranovichi offensive 4595:Lake Naroch offensive 4569:Battle of Robat Karim 4544:Vistula–Bug offensive 4519:Battles of the Isonzo 4450:First Battle of Ypres 3642:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 3581:Philpott, W. (2009). 3414:Western Front 1914–18 2799:which outclassed the 2791:) had received a few 2735:Ulster Tower Thiepval 2700: 2655:Subsequent operations 2587: 2241:(Zollern Trench). By 2217: 2134: 2057: 2007:3rd Canadian Division 1878: 1742: 1733:Trench and dug in by 1695: 1674:1st Canadian Division 1670:2nd Canadian Division 1441: 1409:26th Reserve Division 1392: 1373:Battle of Le Transloy 1278: 1170:Tactical developments 270:2,300–2,329 prisoners 262:Casualties and losses 5811:Treaty of Versailles 5527:Mount Lebanon famine 5442:in the United States 5410:Russian occupations 5124:Turkish–Armenian War 5065:Polish–Ukrainian War 5005:Ukrainian–Soviet War 4952:Central Asian Revolt 4735:Armistice of Focșani 4465:Battle of Sarikamish 4415:Battle of Tannenberg 3811:Military engagements 3661:Wise, S. F. (1981). 3627:. Solihull: Helion. 3431:Gliddon, G. (1987). 3273:, pp. 411, 422. 2300:Redoubt and part of 2267:and the east end of 1666:6th Canadian Brigade 1502:23–30 September 1916 1074:French Army mutinies 1069:1914 Christmas truce 839:Hohenzollern Redoubt 480:Butte de Warlencourt 70:26–28 September 1916 5917:Battle of the Somme 5878:They shall not pass 5801:Treaty of Bucharest 5758:Treaty of Bucharest 5697:USA against Germany 5674:Declarations of war 5378:German occupations 5291:British casualties 5150:Soviet–Georgian War 5077:Egyptian Revolution 5017:Armeno-Georgian War 4881:Somaliland campaign 4833:Armistice of Mudros 4710:Battle of Caporetto 4700:Battle of Mărășești 4670:Zimmermann telegram 4665:February Revolution 4610:Battle of the Somme 4534:Bug-Narew Offensive 4509:Battle of Gallipoli 4501:Sinking of the RMS 4293:Scramble for Africa 4287:Franco-Prussian War 3943:Sinai and Palestine 3713:Nicholson, G. W. L. 3539:Miles, W. (1992) . 3390:Duffy, C. (2007) . 3333:, pp. 417–420. 3261:, pp. 242–243. 3213:, pp. 130–131. 3201:, pp. 303–306. 3189:, pp. 127–129. 3174:, pp. 126–127. 3159:, pp. 293–296. 3147:, pp. 383–384. 3132:, pp. 291–293. 3108:, pp. 124–125. 3096:, pp. 123–124. 3081:, pp. 122–123. 3042:, pp. 119–120. 2998:, pp. 419–421. 2986:, pp. 124–125. 2933:, pp. 391–394. 2880:, pp. 391–393. 2760:26 to 28 September. 2638:14 to 30 September, 2428:. During the night 1504: 1385:German preparations 1109:Battle of the Somme 1063:Associated articles 780:Hartmannswillerkopf 640:Invasion of Belgium 523:Associated articles 111:50.054528; 2.688389 102: / 44:Battle of the Somme 5838:Treaty of Lausanne 5753:Paris Economy Pact 5687:UK against Germany 5617:Entry into the war 5583:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 5302:Ottoman casualties 5112:Franco-Turkish War 4992:Post-War conflicts 4976:Russian Revolution 4958:Invasion of Darfur 4923:Kelantan rebellion 4911:Kurdish rebellions 4887:Mexican Revolution 4720:October Revolution 4685:Kerensky offensive 4660:Capture of Baghdad 4637:Monastir offensive 4622:Brusilov offensive 4460:Battle of Kolubara 4299:Russo-Japanese War 3473:Gough, H. de la P. 2788:Die Fliegertruppen 2705: 2629:casualties of the 2592: 2495:and probed beyond 2291:(Below Position). 2222: 2141: 2064: 1883: 1747: 1700: 1496: 1450: 1397: 1317:Lieutenant-General 1293:Commander-in-chief 1283: 1184:Lieutenant-General 1102:Lieutenant General 18:Battle of Thiepval 5904: 5903: 5887: 5886: 5871:The Golden Virgin 5865:Mutilated victory 5846: 5845: 5826:Treaty of Trianon 5821:Treaty of Neuilly 5728:Damascus Protocol 5601: 5600: 5561:Armenian genocide 5518:Allied blockades 5490:Belgian refugees 5273: 5272: 5183:Strategic bombing 5159: 5158: 5144:Franco-Syrian War 5118:Greco-Turkish War 5106:Anglo-Turkish War 5089:Polish–Soviet War 5023:German Revolution 4999:Russian Civil War 4982:Finnish Civil War 4808:Battle of Megiddo 4783:Battle of Goychay 4730:Battle of Cambrai 4690:Battle of Mărăști 4605:Battle of Jutland 4585:Erzurum offensive 4440:Siege of Przemyśl 4420:Siege of Tsingtao 4405:Battle of Galicia 4335:Second Balkan War 4323:Italo-Turkish War 4280:Pre-War conflicts 4266: 4265: 4156:Portuguese Empire 4072: 4071: 4034:German New Guinea 4016:Asian and Pacific 3699:978-0-8131-6980-4 3672:978-0-8020-2379-7 3653:978-1-84415-269-8 3634:978-1-906033-76-7 3615:978-0-300-10694-7 3592:978-1-4087-0108-9 3573:978-1-84342-866-4 3554:978-0-901627-76-6 3531:978-1-85409-330-1 3505:978-1-84342-413-0 3464:978-0-300-06663-0 3442:978-0-947893-02-6 3423:978-1-870114-00-4 3401:978-0-7538-2202-9 3382:978-0-460-04371-7 2904:, pp. 79–83. 2868:, pp. 78–83. 2856:, pp. 75–76. 2805:Morane-Saulnier L 2625:The Germans lost 2531:French operations 2411:. The Germans in 2380:(Big Trench) and 2118:Le Prieur rockets 2107:IV and V Brigades 1638: 1637: 1503: 1428:Grandcourt Riegel 1366:on the right and 1262:field companies, 1240:Brigadier-General 1087: 1086: 913:Nivelle offensive 687:Trouée de Charmes 584: 583: 571:Thiepval Memorial 426:Flers–Courcelette 274: 273: 129: 128: 16:(Redirected from 5964: 5831:Treaty of Sèvres 5723:Treaty of London 5614: 5613: 5392:Northeast France 5323: 5322: 5295:Parliamentarians 5228: 5227: 5190:Chemical weapons 5168: 5167: 4929:Senussi campaign 4899:Muscat rebellion 4893:Maritz rebellion 4861: 4803:Vardar offensive 4632:Battle of Romani 4600:Battle of Asiago 4590:Battle of Verdun 4554:Kosovo offensive 4329:First Balkan War 4277: 4276: 4176:Russian Republic 4085: 4084: 3879: 3878: 3821:Economic history 3788: 3781: 3774: 3765: 3764: 3733: 3723: 3703: 3676: 3657: 3638: 3619: 3608:. London: Yale. 3607: 3596: 3577: 3558: 3535: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3488: 3468: 3457:. London: Yale. 3446: 3427: 3405: 3386: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3175: 3169: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3026: 3020: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2835: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2818: 2793:Halberstadt D.II 2790: 2784: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2756:Official History 2751: 2715: 2689:on 11 November. 2684: 2674: 2650: 2646: 2645:200 machine-guns 2643: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2539: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2342:and IR 153 held 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2259: 2250: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2230: 2200: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2164: 2158: 2127: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2024: 2019: 2013: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1986:the east end of 1985: 1978: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1957: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1889: 1860: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1800:and advanced to 1799: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1709: 1705: 1688: 1679: 1676:on the left. At 1660: 1655: 1651: 1650:500 lachrymatory 1647: 1643: 1505: 1501: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1380: 1369: 1365: 1351: 1347: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1309:Schwaben Redoubt 1306: 1295:(C-in-C) of the 1289:Sir Douglas Haig 1192: 1144: 1137:Schwaben Redoubt 1130: 1125:Battle of Morval 1026:St Quentin Canal 621: 611: 604: 597: 588: 587: 529:Hébuterne (1915) 492:Schwaben Redoubt 312: 310: 300: 293: 286: 277: 276: 239:Max von Gallwitz 204: 202: 201: 194: 190: 188: 187: 179: 175: 173: 172: 161: 159: 158: 147: 145: 144: 117: 116: 114: 113: 112: 107: 103: 100: 99: 98: 95: 64: 63: 58: 34: 33: 21: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5952:Battles in 1916 5907: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5883: 5842: 5774: 5767: 5738:Treaty of Darin 5706: 5668: 5624:Austria-Hungary 5610: 5597: 5578:Rape of Belgium 5505: 5477: 5425: 5419:Western Armenia 5414:Eastern Galicia 5347: 5321: 5285: 5284:Civilian impact 5283: 5269: 5226: 5155: 4987: 4917:Ovambo Uprising 4869: 4855: 4744: 4646: 4573: 4491:Battle of Łomża 4474: 4470:Christmas truce 4445:Race to the Sea 4378: 4340: 4262: 4233:Austria-Hungary 4209: 4144:Empire of Japan 4081: 4079: 4068: 4052:U-boat campaign 4038: 4010: 3972: 3924: 3870: 3851:Popular culture 3797: 3792: 3740: 3721: 3704:Translation of 3700: 3684: 3682:Further reading 3679: 3673: 3654: 3635: 3616: 3593: 3574: 3555: 3532: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3465: 3443: 3424: 3402: 3383: 3366: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3178: 3170: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3029: 3021: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2958: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2811:began to equip 2797:LFG Roland D.Is 2778: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2726: 2713: 2703: 2695: 2667: 2659:Main articles: 2657: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2604:26–30 September 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2551: 2546: 2537: 2533: 2506: 2502: 2486: 2464:Schwaben Riegel 2419: 2396: 2383:Schwaben Riegel 2370: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2351:Schwaben Riegel 2242: 2232: 2220: 2212: 2210:German 1st Army 2192: 2184: 2139: 2125: 2102: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2062: 2052: 2043: 2039: 2022: 2011: 1998: 1993: 1983: 1970: 1960: 1955: 1947: 1943: 1927: 1917: 1911: 1907: 1900:Redoubt empty. 1891: 1887: 1881: 1873: 1867: 1865:27–30 September 1858: 1847: 1837: 1817: 1813: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1757: 1745: 1734: 1718: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1686: 1677: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1549: 1512: 1500: 1494: 1492:23–26 September 1489: 1484: 1448: 1432: 1395: 1387: 1368:24/25 September 1367: 1364:22/23 September 1363: 1349: 1345: 1304: 1281: 1273: 1245:, the II Corps 1209: 1204: 1190: 1172: 1167: 1128: 1117:First World War 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1060: 864:Vimy Ridge 1916 741:Race to the Sea 709:1st St. Quentin 631: 622: 617: 615: 585: 580: 566:Leipzig Salient 534:Order of Battle 520: 313: 309:Somme Offensive 308: 306: 304: 243:Fritz von Below 241: 237: 228: 224: 220: 199: 197: 185: 183: 170: 168: 156: 154: 142: 140: 125:British victory 110: 108: 104: 101: 96: 93: 91: 89: 88: 87: 48:First World War 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5970: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5947:1916 in France 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5803: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5775: 5773:Peace treaties 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5659:United Kingdom 5656: 5651: 5649:Ottoman Empire 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5611: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5553: 5551:Sack of Dinant 5548: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5515: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5499:United Kingdom 5496: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5459: 5453:POW locations 5451: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5435: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5408: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5361: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5288: 5286: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5253:United Kingdom 5250: 5248:Ottoman Empire 5245: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5225: 5224: 5222:Trench warfare 5219: 5218: 5217: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5174: 5172: 5165: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4938: 4935:Volta-Bani War 4932: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4773:Zeebrugge Raid 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4564:Battle of Loos 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4455:Black Sea raid 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4357:Historiography 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4311:Bosnian Crisis 4308: 4305:Tangier Crisis 4302: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4281: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4238:Ottoman Empire 4235: 4230: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4215:Central Powers 4211: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4198:British Empire 4193:United Kingdom 4190: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4171:Russian Empire 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4089:Entente Powers 4082: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4057:North Atlantic 4048: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4020: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3982: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3968:Central Arabia 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3930:Middle Eastern 3926: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3831:Historiography 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3739: 3738:External links 3736: 3735: 3734: 3709: 3698: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3671: 3658: 3652: 3639: 3633: 3620: 3614: 3597: 3591: 3578: 3572: 3559: 3553: 3536: 3530: 3517: 3504: 3489: 3477:The Fifth Army 3469: 3463: 3447: 3441: 3428: 3422: 3406: 3400: 3387: 3381: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3309:, p. 149. 3299: 3297:, p. 242. 3287: 3285:, p. 258. 3275: 3263: 3251: 3249:, p. 131. 3239: 3237:, p. 358. 3227: 3225:, p. 390. 3215: 3203: 3191: 3176: 3161: 3149: 3134: 3122: 3120:, p. 382. 3110: 3098: 3083: 3071: 3069:, p. 123. 3056: 3054:, p. 122. 3044: 3027: 3025:, p. 119. 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2974:, p. 239. 2964: 2962:, p. 394. 2947: 2935: 2923: 2906: 2894: 2892:, p. 154. 2882: 2870: 2858: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2827: 2772: 2763: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2725: 2722: 2714:72,000 British 2701: 2694: 2691: 2656: 2653: 2612:70 per cent of 2596:1–30 September 2588: 2581: 2578: 2574:25 per cent of 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2532: 2529: 2476:Staufen Riegel 2443:Staufen Riegel 2431:Staufen Riegel 2402:Mouquet Riegel 2377:Grosser Riegel 2345:Grosser Riegel 2339:Staufen Riegel 2321:Mouquet Riegel 2315:Staufen Riegel 2303:Zollern Riegel 2282:Staufen Riegel 2276:Staufen Riegel 2264:Zollern Graben 2257:Zollern Graben 2248:Staufen Riegel 2238:Zollern Graben 2218: 2211: 2208: 2167:Oswald Boelcke 2135: 2058: 2051: 2050:Air operations 2048: 1879: 1869:Main article: 1866: 1863: 1743: 1696: 1644:artillery and 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1442: 1422:Staufen Riegel 1393: 1386: 1383: 1313:Canadian Corps 1279: 1272: 1269: 1260:Royal Engineer 1247:Chief of Staff 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1142:Schwaben-Feste 1127:, by starting 1123:attack in the 1107:), during the 1085: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1059: 1058: 1056:Lys and Escaut 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 997: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 936: 935: 930: 925: 920: 910: 903: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 825: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 803: 802: 792: 787: 785:Neuve Chapelle 782: 777: 766: 765: 760: 758:Winter actions 755: 754: 753: 748: 738: 733: 728: 723: 721:Grand Couronné 718: 713: 712: 711: 706: 701: 691: 690: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 659: 658: 657: 652: 647: 637: 627: 624: 623: 614: 613: 606: 599: 591: 582: 581: 579: 578: 573: 568: 563: 562: 561: 559:Hawthorn Ridge 556: 551: 541: 536: 531: 519: 518: 517: 516: 514:Beaumont-Hamel 506: 505: 504: 499: 494: 484: 483: 482: 477: 472: 462: 460:Thiepval Ridge 457: 456: 455: 450: 445: 435: 434: 433: 423: 418: 413: 412: 411: 401: 396: 395: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 367:Bazentin Ridge 364: 363: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 318: 315: 314: 303: 302: 295: 288: 280: 272: 271: 268: 264: 263: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 246: 245: 232: 230:Ferdinand Foch 214: 213: 209: 208: 195: 181: 180: 177:United Kingdom 165: 149:British Empire 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 78: 76: 72: 71: 68: 60: 59: 51: 50: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5969: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5664:United States 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5604: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5281: 5276: 5266: 5265:United States 5263: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5215:Convoy system 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210:Naval warfare 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4970:Kaocen revolt 4968: 4965: 4964:Easter Rising 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4529:Great Retreat 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4400:Battle of Cer 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4317:Agadir Crisis 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4205:United States 4203: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4122:French Empire 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4083: 4075: 4065: 4064:Mediterranean 4062: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4044:Naval warfare 4041: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3920:Italian Front 3918: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3908:Eastern Front 3906: 3904: 3903:Western Front 3901: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3861:Puppet states 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3685: 3674: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3606: 3605: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3507: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3356: 3355:Philpott 2009 3351: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3321:, p. 44. 3320: 3319:Boraston 1979 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3224: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3158: 3153: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3106:McCarthy 1995 3102: 3095: 3094:McCarthy 1995 3090: 3088: 3080: 3079:McCarthy 1995 3075: 3068: 3067:McCarthy 1995 3063: 3061: 3053: 3052:McCarthy 1995 3048: 3041: 3040:McCarthy 1995 3036: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3023:McCarthy 1995 3019: 3017: 3010:, p. 82. 3009: 3004: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2980: 2973: 2968: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2921:, p. 81. 2920: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2903: 2898: 2891: 2890:Farndale 1986 2886: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2854:Griffith 1996 2850: 2846: 2831: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2810: 2809:Albatros D.II 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2767: 2757: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2699: 2693:Commemoration 2690: 2688: 2687:Regina Trench 2683: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2586: 2577: 2563: 2558: 2541: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2499: 2493: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2393: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2249: 2239: 2229: 2228:Fabeck Graben 2216: 2207: 2205: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2155:Jagdstaffel 2 2150: 2146: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2126:64 x 20-pound 2123: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2056: 2047: 2036: 2029: 2018: 2008: 2003: 1990: 1980: 1977: 1967: 1951: 1940: 1934: 1924: 1914: 1904: 1898: 1877: 1872: 1862: 1854: 1844: 1834: 1827: 1824: 1810: 1804: 1785: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1754: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1715: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1499: 1498:Somme weather 1479: 1477: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1455: 1446: 1440: 1436: 1429: 1423: 1418: 1417:52nd Division 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1391: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1360: 1359:no man's land 1355: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1331:Zollern-Feste 1326: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1302: 1301:Western Front 1299:(BEF) on the 1298: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1277: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243:Philip Howell 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1217:Major-General 1214: 1199: 1197: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1162: 1160: 1159:Joseph Joffre 1156: 1150: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113:Western Front 1110: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1031:Meuse-Argonne 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 974: 970: 969: 968: 965: 964: 963: 962: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 945:Passchendaele 943: 941: 938: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 915: 914: 911: 909: 908: 904: 902: 899: 898: 897: 896: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 831: 830: 829: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 807:2nd Champagne 805: 801: 798: 797: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 775:1st Champagne 773: 772: 771: 770: 764: 761: 759: 756: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 696: 695: 694:Great Retreat 692: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 664: 663: 660: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 642: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 630: 625: 620: 619:Western Front 612: 607: 605: 600: 598: 593: 592: 589: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 545: 544:Mines, 1 July 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 526: 525: 524: 515: 512: 511: 510: 507: 503: 502:Regina Trench 500: 498: 497:Stuff Redoubt 495: 493: 490: 489: 488: 487:Ancre Heights 485: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 466: 463: 461: 458: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 440: 439: 436: 432: 429: 428: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 400: 399:Delville Wood 397: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 368: 365: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 326: 323: 322: 321: 316: 311: 301: 296: 294: 289: 287: 282: 281: 278: 269: 266: 265: 260: 256: 253: 252: 247: 244: 240: 236: 233: 231: 227: 226:Joseph Joffre 223: 219: 216: 215: 210: 207: 206:German Empire 196: 193: 178: 166: 164: 153: 152: 151: 150: 138: 137: 132: 124: 121: 120: 115: 85: 81: 77: 74: 73: 69: 66: 65: 61: 57: 52: 49: 45: 40: 35: 30: 19: 5876: 5869: 5857: 5464: / 5396: 5231:Conscription 5195:Cryptography 5132:Iraqi Revolt 4559:Siege of Kut 4502: 4080:participants 4029:German Samoa 3963:South Arabia 3717: 3705: 3689: 3662: 3643: 3624: 3603: 3582: 3563: 3540: 3521: 3509:. Retrieved 3494: 3476: 3454: 3451:Griffith, P. 3432: 3413: 3410:Farndale, M. 3391: 3372: 3350: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3218: 3206: 3199:Sheldon 2006 3194: 3152: 3125: 3113: 3101: 3074: 3047: 3008:Nichols 2004 3003: 2996:Gliddon 1987 2991: 2979: 2967: 2938: 2926: 2919:Nichols 2004 2902:Nichols 2004 2897: 2885: 2873: 2866:Nichols 2004 2861: 2849: 2830: 2815:Jagdstaffeln 2775: 2766: 2749: 2717: 2706: 2668: 2593: 2568:shells from 2552: 2534: 2518:Bulgaren Weg 2482:Bulgaren Weg 2454: 2394: 2293: 2253: 2223: 2149:Albatros D.I 2142: 2103: 1,000 2065: 2004: 1981: 1952: 1915: 1884: 1828: 1786: 1758:50 survivors 1748: 1701: 1663: 1646:45,000 heavy 1642:60,000 field 1639: 1497: 1487:Reserve Army 1476:Mouquet Farm 1468:(Stuff) and 1451: 1405:8th Division 1401:7th Division 1398: 1375:; Stuff and 1343: 1284: 1210: 1196:Hubert Gough 1176:Reserve Army 1173: 1151: 1105:Hubert Gough 1098:Reserve Army 1093: 1091: 1062: 1061: 1021:Saint-Mihiel 989:Belleau Wood 972: 960: 959: 950:La Malmaison 906: 894: 893: 859:Kink Salient 827: 826: 822:Gas: Wieltje 768: 767: 628: 522: 521: 459: 409:Mouquet Farm 355:La Boisselle 350:Contalmaison 319: 222:Hubert Gough 218:Douglas Haig 139: 134:Belligerents 86:and vicinity 42:Part of The 29: 5494:Netherlands 5471:Switzerland 5352:Occupations 5343:Spanish flu 5120:(1919–1922) 5114:(1918–1921) 5108:(1918–1923) 5097:(1919–1921) 5091:(1919–1921) 5085:(1919–1920) 5061:(1918–1920) 5055:(1918–1920) 5049:(1918–1920) 5031:(1918–1920) 5013:(1918–1920) 5007:(1917–1921) 5001:(1917–1921) 4948:(1916-1918) 4946:Arab Revolt 4937:(1915–1917) 4931:(1915–1917) 4919:(1914-1917) 4913:(1914–1917) 4907:(1914–1921) 4901:(1913–1920) 4889:(1910–1920) 4883:(1900–1920) 4856: [ 4374:July Crisis 4295:(1880–1914) 3958:Mesopotamia 3836:Home fronts 3795:World War I 3247:Rogers 2010 3211:Rogers 2010 3187:Rogers 2010 3172:Rogers 2010 2984:Rogers 2010 2640:along with 2627:2,300–2,329 2570:1.5 million 2566:4.1 million 2524:Grüne-Feste 2507:75 per cent 2492:Grüne-Feste 2470:Grüne-Feste 2449:Feste Grüne 2408:Grüne-Feste 2327:Grüne-Feste 2288:Below-Feste 2175:70 Squadron 2171:Martinsydes 2145:27 Squadron 2122:19 Squadron 2111:60 Squadron 2060:Nieuport 17 1969:Redoubt at 1838:12 minutes. 1678:12:35 p.m., 1454:Württemberg 1320:Julian Byng 1305:12:35 p.m., 1191:6–8 minutes 1187:Claud Jacob 1182:commander, 1133:Courcelette 1121:Fourth Army 1115:during the 1041:2nd Cambrai 879:Boar's Head 869:Mont Sorrel 576:Ancre, 1917 539:Boar's Head 465:Le Transloy 453:Gueudecourt 431:Martinpuich 377:Trônes Wood 257:3 divisions 254:6 divisions 109: / 97:2°41′18.2″E 94:50°3′16.3″N 5911:Categories 5711:Agreements 5511:War crimes 5387:Luxembourg 5280:Casualties 4151:Montenegro 3986:South West 3866:Technology 3856:Propaganda 3846:Opposition 3364:References 3343:Miles 1992 3331:Miles 1992 3307:Gough 1968 3295:Duffy 2007 3271:Miles 1992 3259:Duffy 2007 3223:Miles 1992 3157:Jones 2002 3130:Jones 2002 2972:Duffy 2007 2960:Miles 1992 2943:Miles 1992 2931:Miles 1992 2878:Miles 1992 2616:4,000 men. 2580:Casualties 2498:Hessen Weg 2487:30 minutes 2437:Hessen Weg 2425:Hessen Weg 2389:Hessen Weg 2357:Hessen Weg 2333:Hessen Weg 2309:Hessen Weg 2270:Hessen Weg 2233:12:55 p.m. 2189:Spad S.VII 2137:Airco DH.2 2071:7 Squadron 2067:4 Squadron 2023:4:00 p.m., 1994:5:00 p.m., 1984:2:30 p.m., 1948:11:00 a.m. 1944:5:45 a.m., 1928:3:00 p.m., 1908:10:00 a.m. 1859:2:30 p.m., 1846:Trench by 1798:12:45 p.m. 1794:56 Germans 1735:10:30 p.m. 1719:1:00 p.m., 1704:1:00 p.m., 1687:10:50 p.m. 1659:12:35 p.m. 1445:Fred Leist 1435:dug-outs. 1224:Third Army 1220:Ivor Maxse 1165:Background 854:Wulverghem 817:3rd Artois 795:2nd Artois 763:1st Artois 416:Guillemont 360:Gommecourt 5608:Diplomacy 5315:Olympians 5238:Australia 5205:Logistics 5138:Vlora War 5067:(1918–19) 5043:(1918–19) 5037:(1918–19) 5025:(1918–19) 4972:(1916–17) 4954:(1916–17) 4905:Zaian War 4895:(1914–15) 4615:first day 4503:Lusitania 4331:(1912–13) 4325:(1911–12) 4313:(1908–09) 4307:(1905–06) 4289:(1870–71) 4078:Principal 3938:Gallipoli 3841:Memorials 3826:Geography 3816:Aftermath 3730:557523890 3604:The Somme 3475:(1968) . 3453:(1996) . 3145:Wise 1981 3118:Wise 1981 2842:Footnotes 2651:mortars. 2649:40 trench 2544:Aftermath 2538:26 and 27 2512:Hohen Weg 2503:6:30 p.m. 2420:3:00 p.m. 2397:6:00 p.m. 2243:1:30 p.m. 2165:) led by 2114:Nieuports 2084:64 active 2079:1:10 p.m. 2044:9:00 p.m. 2040:4:00 p.m. 2012:7:30 a.m. 1999:8:00 p.m. 1971:1:00 p.m. 1961:6:00 p.m. 1956:8:30 p.m. 1918:9:00 p.m. 1912:3:00 p.m. 1892:2:00 a.m. 1888:6:00 p.m. 1848:1:15 p.m. 1818:4:00 p.m. 1814:1:30 p.m. 1792:the last 1790:5:30 p.m. 1708:2:40 p.m. 1654:5:00 p.m. 1350:570 field 1346:230 heavy 1311:, by the 1232:battalion 1036:5th Ypres 1016:2nd Somme 994:2nd Marne 984:3rd Aisne 933:The Hills 928:2nd Aisne 889:Fromelles 884:1st Somme 834:The Bluff 800:Hébuterne 790:2nd Ypres 751:1st Ypres 731:1st Aisne 726:1st Marne 699:Le Cateau 677:Charleroi 662:Frontiers 549:Lochnagar 392:High Wood 387:Fromelles 372:Longueval 335:Montauban 330:First day 5896:Category 5483:Refugees 5449:Italians 5438:Germans 5398:Ober Ost 5178:Aviation 4272:Timeline 4243:Bulgaria 4024:Tsingtao 4001:Togoland 3948:Caucasus 3883:European 3875:Theatres 3715:(1962). 3485:59766599 3412:(1986). 2724:See also 2682:Schwaben 2672:Schwaben 2642:27 guns, 2557:Schwaben 2549:Analysis 2458:Schwaben 2198:Schwaben 2180:Schwaben 2092:103 more 2088:24 hours 2035:Schwaben 2017:Schwaben 1989:Schwaben 1966:Schwaben 1939:Bulgaren 1833:Schwaben 1803:Schwaben 1775:Schwaben 1471:Schwaben 1433:144 deep 1407:and the 1378:Schwaben 1337:Schwaben 1328:Redoubt 1264:pioneers 1251:Flanders 1180:II Corps 1149:beyond. 1129:24 hours 1046:Courtrai 1001:Soissons 940:Messines 907:Alberich 716:Maubeuge 672:Ardennes 667:Lorraine 635:Moresnet 470:Eaucourt 448:Lesbœufs 404:Pozières 382:Ovillers 345:Fricourt 249:Strength 80:Thiepval 75:Location 5634:Germany 5534:Germany 5462:Germany 5382:Belgium 5367:Albania 5326:Disease 5306:Sports 5258:Ireland 5171:Warfare 5164:Aspects 4352:Origins 4345:Prelude 4248:Senussi 4228:Germany 4223:Leaders 4161:Romania 4102:Belgium 4097:Leaders 3996:Kamerun 3978:African 3913:Romania 3891:Balkans 3806:Outline 3511:3 April 2610:(about 2521:to the 2414:Zollern 2369:⁄ 2297:Zollern 2204:F.E. 2b 2193:500 air 2162:Jasta 2 2028:Zollern 1976:Zollern 1933:Zollern 1923:Zollern 1903:Zollern 1897:Zollern 1853:Zollern 1843:Zollern 1823:Zollern 1809:Zollern 1781:Zollern 1769:Zollern 1763:Zollern 1753:Zollern 1730:Zollern 1724:Zollern 1714:Zollern 1668:of the 1631:63°–41° 1617:61°–54° 1603:73°–54° 1589:72°–52° 1575:75°–54° 1561:73°–50° 1545:72°–45° 1531:66°–43° 1465:Staufen 1459:Zollern 1354:V Corps 1325:Zollern 1286:General 1236:brigade 1228:company 1202:Prelude 1111:on the 1011:Ailette 979:The Lys 973:Michael 955:Cambrai 849:Hulluch 844:St Eloi 736:Antwerp 475:Le Sars 443:Combles 46:of the 5654:Russia 5629:France 5457:Canada 5372:Serbia 5243:Canada 5200:Horses 5152:(1921) 5146:(1920) 5140:(1920) 5134:(1920) 5126:(1920) 5079:(1919) 5073:(1919) 5019:(1918) 4984:(1918) 4978:(1917) 4966:(1916) 4960:(1916) 4925:(1915) 4337:(1913) 4319:(1911) 4301:(1905) 4258:Darfur 4183:Serbia 4166:Russia 4129:Greece 4117:France 4107:Brazil 3953:Persia 3896:Serbia 3728: 3696: 3669: 3650: 3631: 3612: 3589: 3570: 3551: 3528: 3502: 3483: 3461: 3439: 3420: 3398: 3379: 2822:Jastas 2185:31 gun 1482:Battle 1344:About 1051:Sambre 1006:Amiens 874:Verdun 704:Étreux 650:Dinant 438:Morval 421:Ginchy 340:Mametz 325:Albert 267:12,500 203: 192:France 189: 174: 163:Canada 160: 146: 122:Result 84:France 5851:Other 5644:Japan 5639:Italy 5466:camps 5310:Rugby 4860:] 4139:Japan 4134:Italy 4112:China 4006:North 3722:(PDF) 2741:Notes 2608:3,615 2606:were 2600:6,254 2598:were 2501:. At 2096:22 to 1634:dull 1620:rain 1606:rain 1592:rain 1578:fine 1564:fine 1534:fine 1513:rain 1508:Date 1147:Serre 918:Arras 901:Ancre 655:Namur 645:Liège 554:Y Sap 509:Ancre 5431:POWs 4750:1918 4652:1917 4578:1916 4479:1915 4383:1914 4188:Siam 3991:East 3726:OCLC 3694:ISBN 3667:ISBN 3648:ISBN 3629:ISBN 3610:ISBN 3587:ISBN 3568:ISBN 3549:ISBN 3545:HMSO 3526:ISBN 3513:2016 3500:ISBN 3481:OCLC 3459:ISBN 3437:ISBN 3418:ISBN 3396:ISBN 3377:ISBN 2795:and 2663:and 2647:and 2515:and 2473:and 2440:and 2354:and 2336:and 2312:and 2075:Wing 2069:and 1550:sun 1548:mist 1234:and 1211:The 1092:The 961:1918 923:Vimy 895:1917 828:1916 812:Loos 769:1915 746:Yser 682:Mons 629:1914 67:Date 2399:). 2151:of 1586:0.1 1572:0.1 5913:: 4858:It 3547:. 3179:^ 3164:^ 3137:^ 3086:^ 3059:^ 3030:^ 3015:^ 2950:^ 2909:^ 2803:, 2720:. 2631:c. 2620:c. 2527:. 2467:, 2452:. 2206:. 2100:c. 1625:30 1614:17 1611:29 1597:28 1583:27 1569:26 1555:25 1539:24 1525:23 1517:°F 1511:mm 1447:.) 1403:, 1291:, 1230:, 82:, 5282:/ 3787:e 3780:t 3773:v 3732:. 3702:. 3675:. 3656:. 3637:. 3595:. 3576:. 3557:. 3534:. 3515:. 3487:. 3467:. 3445:. 3426:. 3404:. 3385:. 2819:( 2785:/ 2371:2 2367:1 2364:+ 2362:1 2159:( 1628:0 1600:1 1558:0 1542:0 1528:0 1315:( 1215:( 1139:( 1100:( 610:e 603:t 596:v 299:e 292:t 285:v 20:)

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Knowledge

Battle of Thiepval Ridge

Index