229:
775:
approximately 200 metres from where
Colonel Bagosora was holding a meeting of military officers. The peacekeepers were murdered over the course of several hours by military personnel. During his testimony, Colonel Bagosora admitted attending to the scene while the murders were in progress, although claiming he could do nothing to stop the killings. As anticipated, the death of the ten Belgian peacekeepers prompted the withdrawal of most peacekeeping troops from Rwanda, effectively clearing the way for slaughter.
803:
312:
767:. Bagosora responded that she was incapable of governing the nation. A few hours later, Madame Agathe was murdered with her husband by members of the Presidential Guard and the army. After Bagosora's failed attempt to have the military take over the role of government, the group proceeded to pick a provisional government. The interim government was a multiparty group, but all came from the hardliner sections of their respective parties.
849:. In ruling that life imprisonment was the appropriate sentence for Bagosora the three trial judges concurred that "The toll of human suffering was immense as a result of crimes which could have only occurred with his orders and authorisation." The tribunal court stated that Bagosora had been "the highest authority in the Rwandan Defense Ministry, with authority over the military" in the aftermath of the
744:, that would operate in every commune in the country. These groups were to act in concert with the local police, militias, and military authorities. Bagosora was also responsible for distributing arms and machetes throughout Rwanda. Between January 1993 and March 1994, Rwanda imported more than 500,000 machetes, twice the number imported in previous years.
763:, the UN commander was invited, and arrived to find the senior leadership of the Rwandan army. Dallaire rejected Bagosora's proposal of having the military take control of the political situation until they could hand it over to the politicians and he reminded him that Rwanda still had a government headed by Prime Minister
774:
broadcast incitements to murder. Trucks began arriving to pick up scores of bodies. On the morning of 7 April, ten
Belgian peacekeepers who had been guarding Prime Minister Agathe and who were witnesses to the government troops laying siege to her residence were disarmed and taken to Camp Kigali,
829:
During his trial further evidence was submitted that in 1991 he and other co-accused helped to draft a document where they referred to the Tutsi ethnic group as the "principal enemy" which was widely distributed in the army. They were also accused of supporting the media outlets responsible for
872:
In the end result at trial, Bagosora was convicted of 10 counts of eight different crimes, including genocide, two counts of murder (one for
Rwandans and one for peacekeepers), Extermination, Rape, Persecution, Other Inhumane Acts, two counts of Violence to Life (one for Rwandans and one for
853:. The court ruled that Bagosora was responsible for the murders of Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, the ten Belgian peacekeepers who had been guarding the Prime Minister at Camp Kigali, the president of the Constitutional Court Joseph Kavaruganda, and three major opposition leaders,
793:
supported by millions of dollars in international aid, the Hutu Power leaders were able to hold regular planning meetings and to recruit new members." With
Bagosora actively involved, they rebuilt their military structures with the purpose of wiping out the Tutsi population.
826:, to face thirteen counts of eleven different international crimes, based on the laws of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The joint trial with three other senior military officers charged as co-conspirators opened on 2 April 2002.
869:. However, the trial court held there was a reasonable doubt that events prior to 6 April could only be explained by Bagosora conspiring with others, so he was therefore acquitted on a charge of conspiracy to commit genocide prior to 7 April 1994.
751:
by two missiles fired from the ground. The plane crashed, killing everyone on board. The position of the
American and Rwandan governments is that the missiles were fired from the Kanombe barracks, which were controlled by the Presidential Guard,
1552:
125:
1547:
725:
in August 1993, he never supported them. He is widely cited as saying, in the context of the Arusha
Accords, that he was returning to Rwanda to "prepare for the apocalypse", but that is apocryphal.
44:
442:
833:
On 18 December 2008, the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda found Bagosora and two other senior Rwandan army officers, Major Aloys Ntabakuze and Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva, guilty of
662:(chief of staff) in the Ministry of Defence in June 1992. Despite officially retiring from the military on 23 September 1993, he retained this post until fleeing the country in July 1994.
967:
778:
Over the next 100 days, people were being killed at an astonishing rate. The number of dead in the genocide varies from 500,000 to more than 1,000,000 people, depending on the source.
1035:
850:
748:
382:
830:
spreading hate messages and making lists of victims. The trial wrapped up on 1 June 2007, after five years, with
Colonel Théoneste Bagosora still maintaining his innocence.
1532:
503:
1542:
648:
753:
770:
Massacres began all over the country. Many prominent Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed right away, their names and addresses having been on lists.
613:
1537:
771:
514:
480:
1527:
556:
671:
It seems that, in as much as there was a general organizer of the whole operation, this distinction has to go to
Colonel Théoneste Bagosora.
913:
759:
After the assassination, Colonel
Bagosora along with Colonel Rwagafilita gathered supporters and convened a meeting of a Crisis Committee.
730:
508:
1557:
296:(ICTR). In 2011, the sentence was reduced to 35 years' imprisonment on appeal. He was due to be imprisoned until he was 89. According to
658:
On 29 April 1970, he was promoted to the rank of captain. He became a full colonel in October 1989. He was appointed to the position of
1492:
815:
447:
293:
1391:
1015:
585:
1274:
904:
606:
403:
1562:
1248:
938:
580:
288:(16 August 1941 – 25 September 2021) was a Rwandan military officer. He was chiefly known for his key role in the 1994
747:
At about 8:15 pm on the evening of 6 April 1994, President Habyarimana was flying back to Kigali after a meeting when
1465:
1450:
1435:
1418:
948:
688:
599:
1572:
408:
319:
1091:
810:
Bagosora later moved to Cameroon with several other Hutu Power leaders. It was there that he was detained with
356:
300:, Bagosora was "the chief organizer of the killings". On 25 September 2021, he died in a prison hospital in
806:
Pages of Théoneste Bagosora's diary of February 1993 showing elements of a program of "civil self-defence"
1366:
790:
540:
1567:
1522:
733:, reported that Bagosora told him that the only way to solve Rwanda's problems was to get rid of the
329:
1322:
636:
69:
17:
1117:
838:
722:
498:
165:
940:
The Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law: Origin, Development and Practice
917:
861:. In addition, the court found Bagosora guilty of orchestrating the mass killings of Tutsis in
1472:
1232:
697:
522:
1349:
1301:
1144:
764:
418:
873:
peacekeepers) as well as Outrages Upon Personal Dignity. He was serving his sentence in the
1517:
1512:
1507:
246:
8:
1443:
The Lion, The Fox and The Eagle: A Story of Generals and Justice in Rwanda and Yugoslavia
1426:
896:
1327:
891:
881:. On 1 April 2021, his request for parole was denied. Bagosora died five months later.
711:
647:
with the rank of second lieutenant. In 1982, he graduated with a commendation from the
423:
366:
1397:
1011:
811:
297:
1461:
1446:
1431:
1414:
1027:
944:
846:
684:
371:
361:
351:
273:
179:
1124:. No. 950. Joint Publications Research Service. 5 October 1970. pp. 59–60.
909:
760:
676:
43:
1252:
854:
632:
562:
413:
337:
289:
115:
65:
968:"Théoneste Bagosora, considéré comme le «cerveau» du génocide au Rwanda, est mort"
1057:
993:
858:
740:
Bagosora was responsible for establishing paramilitary "self-defense" units, the
550:
655:(Superior Military School) in Kigali and as commander of Kanombe military camp.
1488:
895:, a historical drama about the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, Bagosora is portrayed by
1553:
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by international courts and tribunals
1501:
1031:
802:
651:
in France. During his military career, he served as second-in-command of the
463:
73:
545:
453:
311:
1023:
741:
726:
468:
715:
376:
169:
155:
756:. News of the President's death was broadcast and the killings began.
874:
842:
1402:
834:
823:
161:
135:
1548:
People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
785:
army in response to the genocide, Bagosora fled into neighbouring
1279:
1092:"Théoneste Bagosora, a Mastermind of Rwanda Genocide, Dies at 80"
866:
474:
862:
819:
644:
234:
91:
729:, a Belgian officer, who served as Kigali sector commander in
700:, the president of Rwanda from 1973 to 1994. He was linked to
1411:
Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda
1058:"Rwanda genocide 'kingpin' Théoneste Bagosora dies in prison"
786:
782:
734:
706:
458:
1477:
Melvern, Linda: Conspiracy to Murder. Verso Paperback 2006)
878:
301:
95:
1471:
Rice, Xan. "Rwanda Genocide Trial Finishes After 5 Years"
292:
for which he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the
1020:
Violence de masse et Résistance – Réseau de recherche
1249:"Planner of Rwandan massacres convicted of genocide"
714:, the president's wife, who was at the nexus of the
1533:
Rwandan people convicted of crimes against humanity
721:Although he was present at the negotiations of the
1275:"Rwanda's Bagosora sentenced to life for genocide"
696:Bagosora was born in the same northern region as
1543:Rwandan prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
1499:
1348:Paragraph 2258, Chapter V: "Verdict", page 568,
1323:"Rwandan Officer Found Guilty of 1994 Genocide"
908:, a dramatisation of Canadian military officer
814:in 1996. In 1997, he first appeared before the
649:Institut des hautes études de défense nationale
304:, where he was being treated for heart issues.
1118:"National Guard Officer Appointments Reported"
683:, New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
607:
914:United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
1154:
916:, Bagosora is portrayed by Burundian actor
912:'s book about his time as commander of the
631:Bagosora was born in Giciye in what is now
1493:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
1010:
816:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
614:
600:
294:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
145:Pasteur Musabe (Brother, murdered in 1999)
42:
1489:Bagosora et al. (Military I) (ICTR-98-41)
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1004:
1458:The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide
1367:"UNIRMCT: No Early Release for Bagosora"
1320:
1272:
1246:
801:
681:The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide
639:, Rwanda. In 1964 he graduated from the
626:
1460:, New York: Columbia University Press.
1266:
1090:Dahir, Abdi Latif (27 September 2021).
962:
960:
937:Zeidy, Mohamed El (17 September 2008).
665:
14:
1538:Rwandan people convicted of war crimes
1500:
1316:
1314:
1247:Chhatbar, Sukhdev (18 December 2008).
1076:
851:assassination of President Habyarimana
1089:
1038:from the original on 19 November 2018
936:
884:
1528:Rwandan people convicted of genocide
1398:Rwandan genocide suspect snubs trial
1321:Polgreen, Lydia (18 December 2008).
1300:Paragraph 2266, part 3.1, page 571,
1273:Nyakuiru, Frank (18 December 2008).
957:
27:Rwandan military officer (1941–2021)
1392:Amended Indictment against Bagosora
1311:
994:"Rwandan genocide sentence reduced"
182:; commuted to 35 years imprisonment
24:
1558:Rwandan people convicted of murder
1474:, Guardian Unlimited, 1 June 2007.
1240:
1122:Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa
25:
1584:
1482:
1354:The Prosecutor v. Bagosora et al.
1306:The Prosecutor v. Bagosora et al.
1149:The Prosecutor v. Bagosora et al.
320:Nyamata Genocide Memorial Centre
310:
227:
1394:, from the ICTR, 12 August 1999
1359:
1342:
1294:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1016:"Rwanda: the state of Research"
754:but that conclusion is disputed
448:International Criminal Tribunal
1137:
1128:
1110:
1050:
986:
974:(in French). 25 September 2021
930:
357:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
13:
1:
923:
857:, Frederic Nzamurambaho, and
797:
1563:People from Nyabihu District
7:
10:
1589:
1424:Meredith, Martin. (2005).
905:Shake Hands with the Devil
710:, a group associated with
653:École supérieure militaire
541:Great Lakes refugee crisis
385:Habyarimana and Ntaryamira
1456:Prunier, Gérard. (1995).
1409:Dallaire, Roméo. (2003).
781:Upon the interference of
279:
269:
261:
253:
240:
222:
217:
213:
209:
199:
191:
186:
175:
153:
149:
141:
131:
121:
110:
102:
80:
50:
41:
34:
889:In the 2005 film by HBO
789:. "Fed and protected in
1573:Politicide perpetrators
1445:, Random House Canada.
1413:, Random House Canada.
839:crimes against humanity
504:International community
499:Rwandan Patriotic Front
166:Crimes against humanity
1430:, London: Free Press.
1350:Judgement and Sentence
1302:Judgement and Sentence
1145:Judgement and Sentence
918:Michel-Ange Nzojibwami
807:
694:
643:(Officers' School) in
509:United Nations Mission
1356:Case no. ICTR-98-41-T
1308:Case no. ICTR-98-41-T
1169:Meredith 2005:500–501
1151:Case no. ICTR-98-41-T
845:and sentenced him to
805:
765:Agathe Uwilingiyimana
704:, known later as the
669:
627:Early life and career
523:Opération "Turquoise"
464:Impuzamugambi militia
419:Musha Church massacre
254:Years of service
1441:Off, Carol. (2000).
1352:, 18 December 2008,
1304:, 18 December 2008,
1214:Prunier 1995:232–233
1147:, 18 December 2008,
772:Radio Mille Collines
749:his plane was struck
666:Role in the genocide
660:directeur du cabinet
317:Human skulls at the
247:Rwandan Armed Forces
1427:The State of Africa
1064:. 25 September 2021
1000:. 14 December 2011.
897:Abby Mukiibi Nkaaga
698:Juvénal Habyarimana
641:École des officiers
515:UN Security Council
469:Interahamwe militia
436:Parties responsible
1328:The New York Times
1234:Guardian Unlimited
1096:The New York Times
892:Sometimes in April
885:In popular culture
859:Landoald Ndasingwa
808:
712:Agathe Habyarimana
557:Massacres of Hutus
424:Nyarubuye massacre
367:Rwandan Revolution
286:Théoneste Bagosora
36:Théoneste Bagosora
1205:Dallaire 2003:245
1196:Dallaire 2003:222
1178:Meredith 2005:507
902:In the 2007 film
847:life imprisonment
702:le Clan de Madame
624:
623:
372:Rwandan Civil War
362:Kingdom of Rwanda
352:History of Rwanda
283:
282:
274:Rwandan Civil War
180:Life imprisonment
114:Organiser of the
84:25 September 2021
16:(Redirected from
1580:
1568:Rwandan genocide
1523:Rwandan soldiers
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1318:
1309:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1253:Associated Press
1244:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1141:
1135:
1134:Prunier 1995:167
1132:
1126:
1125:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1014:(25 June 2018).
1012:Lemarchand, René
1008:
1002:
1001:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
964:
955:
954:
934:
855:Faustin Rucogoza
692:
637:Western Province
633:Nyabihu District
616:
609:
602:
563:Second Congo War
414:Gikondo massacre
383:Assassination of
338:Rwandan genocide
322:
314:
307:
306:
290:Rwandan genocide
242:
233:
231:
230:
201:Date apprehended
176:Criminal penalty
158:
116:Rwandan genocide
87:
70:Western Province
66:Nyabihu District
60:
58:
46:
32:
31:
21:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1480:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1319:
1312:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1009:
1005:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
966:
965:
958:
951:
935:
931:
926:
887:
812:André Ntagerura
800:
693:
675:
668:
629:
620:
591:
590:
576:
568:
567:
551:First Congo War
536:
528:
527:
519:
516:
494:
486:
485:
450:
446:
443:People indicted
437:
429:
428:
399:
391:
390:
387:
384:
347:
323:
318:
316:
298:René Lemarchand
228:
226:
218:Military career
202:
195:500,000–800,000
168:
164:
154:
132:Criminal status
122:Political party
98:
89:
85:
76:
62:
56:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1483:External links
1481:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1454:
1439:
1422:
1407:
1406:, 2 April 2002
1395:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1373:. 2 April 2021
1358:
1341:
1310:
1293:
1265:
1239:
1236:, June 1, 2007
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1187:Off 2000:48–49
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1136:
1127:
1109:
1075:
1049:
1003:
985:
956:
949:
928:
927:
925:
922:
910:Roméo Dallaire
886:
883:
799:
796:
761:Roméo Dallaire
723:Arusha Accords
677:Gérard Prunier
673:
667:
664:
628:
625:
622:
621:
619:
618:
611:
604:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
583:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
560:
553:
548:
543:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
520:
517:Resolution 935
513:
511:
506:
501:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
441:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
404:Initial events
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
381:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
325:
324:
315:
281:
280:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
244:
238:
237:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
184:
183:
177:
173:
172:
159:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
112:
111:Known for
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
90:
88:(aged 80)
82:
78:
77:
63:
61:16 August 1941
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1585:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:0-231-10408-1
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:0-679-31049-5
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:0-7432-6842-3
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1419:0-679-31171-8
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1143:Pages 50–53,
1140:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
999:
995:
989:
973:
969:
963:
961:
952:
950:9789047431480
946:
942:
941:
933:
929:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:
900:
898:
894:
893:
882:
880:
876:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
804:
795:
792:
791:refugee camps
788:
784:
779:
776:
773:
768:
766:
762:
757:
755:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
708:
703:
699:
690:
689:0-231-10408-1
686:
682:
678:
672:
663:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
617:
612:
610:
605:
603:
598:
597:
595:
594:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
572:
571:
564:
561:
558:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
532:
531:
524:
521:
518:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
490:
489:
482:
479:
477:
476:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
449:
444:
440:
439:
433:
432:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
395:
394:
386:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
343:
342:
339:
336:
335:
331:
327:
326:
321:
313:
309:
308:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
278:
275:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
239:
236:
225:
221:
216:
212:
208:
205:11 March 1996
204:
198:
194:
190:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
157:
156:Conviction(s)
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
83:
79:
75:
74:Rwanda-Urundi
71:
67:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1457:
1442:
1425:
1410:
1401:
1375:. Retrieved
1370:
1361:
1353:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1326:
1305:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1278:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1242:
1233:
1228:
1223:Off 2000:248
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1098:. p. D8
1095:
1068:26 September
1066:. Retrieved
1061:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1019:
1006:
997:
988:
978:25 September
976:. Retrieved
971:
939:
932:
903:
901:
890:
888:
871:
832:
828:
809:
780:
777:
769:
758:
746:
739:
720:
705:
701:
695:
680:
670:
659:
657:
652:
640:
630:
581:Bibliography
546:Gacaca court
473:
454:Genocidaires
285:
284:
270:Battles/wars
86:(2021-09-25)
29:
1518:Hutu people
1513:2021 deaths
1508:1941 births
1491:, from the
1334:19 December
1286:19 December
1258:19 December
1160:Off 2000:48
1042:13 December
1024:Sciences Po
742:Interahamwe
727:Luc Marchal
586:Filmography
103:Nationality
1502:Categories
1102:31 October
924:References
877:prison in
843:war crimes
818:(ICTR) in
798:ICTR trial
718:ideology.
716:Hutu Power
481:RTLM radio
409:Chronology
377:Hutu Power
346:Background
223:Allegiance
170:War crimes
57:1941-08-16
1032:1961-9898
875:Koulikoro
575:Resources
535:Aftermath
257:1964–1994
142:Parent(s)
1403:BBC News
1371:KT PRESS
1062:BBC News
1036:Archived
998:BBC News
835:genocide
824:Tanzania
674:—
493:Response
330:a series
328:Part of
241:Service/
162:Genocide
136:Deceased
64:Giciye,
18:Bagosora
1377:2 April
1280:Reuters
867:Gisenyi
475:Kangura
265:Colonel
192:Victims
187:Details
106:Rwandan
1464:
1449:
1434:
1417:
1030:
947:
863:Kigali
820:Arusha
731:UNAMIR
687:
645:Kigali
445:by the
398:Events
332:on the
243:branch
235:Rwanda
232:
92:Bamako
787:Zaire
783:Tutsi
735:Tutsi
707:akazu
459:Akazu
249:(FAR)
1462:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1379:2021
1336:2008
1288:2008
1260:2008
1104:2021
1070:2021
1044:2018
1028:ISSN
980:2021
945:ISBN
879:Mali
865:and
841:and
685:ISBN
302:Mali
262:Rank
126:MRND
96:Mali
81:Died
51:Born
972:RFI
1504::
1400:,
1369:.
1325:.
1313:^
1277:.
1251:.
1120:.
1094:.
1078:^
1060:.
1034:.
1026:.
1022:.
1018:.
996:.
970:.
959:^
943:.
920:.
899:.
837:,
822:,
737:.
679:,
635:,
94:,
72:,
68:,
1468:.
1453:.
1438:.
1421:.
1381:.
1338:.
1290:.
1262:.
1106:.
1072:.
1046:.
982:.
953:.
691:.
615:e
608:t
601:v
559:)
555:(
59:)
55:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
