1044:
893:, and a survivor. She was one of those ordered to march to the ravine, to be forced to undress and then be shot. Jumping before being shot and falling on other bodies, she played dead in a pile of corpses. She held perfectly still while the Nazis continued to shoot the wounded or gasping victims. Although the SS had covered the mass grave with earth, she eventually climbed through the soil and escaped. Since it was dark, she had to avoid the torches of the Nazis finishing off the remaining victims still alive, wounded, and gasping in the grave. She was one of the very few survivors of the massacre and later related her story to Kuznetsov. At least 29 survivors are known.
818:. Atop the stones were piled a layer of wood and then a layer of bodies, and so on until the pyre was as high as a two-story house. Vilkis said that approximately 1,500 bodies were burned in each operation of the furnace and each funeral pyre took two nights and one day to burn completely. The cremation went on for 40 days, and then the prisoners, who by this time included 341 men, were ordered to build another furnace. Since this was the last furnace and there were no more bodies, the prisoners it was for them. They made a break but only a dozen out of more than 200 survived the bullets of the Nazi machine guns.
715:
793:
3057:
865:
999:) were tried in Kyiv over their roles in the massacre and other atrocities. Twelve of them were sentenced to death (Fritz Beckenhof, Karl Burckhardt, Georg Heinisch, Wilhelm Hellerforth, Hans Isenmann, Emil Jogschat, Emil Knoll, Willi Meier, Paul von Scheer, Eckart Hans von Tschammer und Osten, Georg Truckenbrod, and Oskar Walliser). The other three received prison sentences. Those condemned to death were publicly hanged in the town square of Kyiv on 29 January 1946.
49:
1052:
1394:
lobby after the meeting I stopped some of these men and demanded, 'How dare you use the word "yid?" Don't you know it's a very offensive term, an insult to the Jewish nation?' 'Here in the
Western Ukraine it's just the opposite,' they explained. 'We call ourselves yids' ... Apparently what they said was true. If you go back to Ukrainian literature ... you'll see that 'yid' isn't used derisively or insultingly."
590:
946:
1393:
in his memoirs: "I remember that once we invited
Ukrainians, Jews and Poles ... to a meeting at the Lvov opera house. It struck me as very strange to hear the Jewish speakers at the meeting refer to themselves as 'yids.' 'We yids hereby declare ourselves in favour of such-and-such.' Out in the
1060:
Memorials were not explicitly forbidden, but successive Soviet leaders preferred instead to emphasise the wide-ranging origins of those murdered at the site. This meant that both Jewish and Roma peoples were not specifically memorialised at the Babi Yar site until the Soviet Union collapsed. Indeed,
742:
Mass executions at Babi Yar continued until the Nazis evacuated the city of Kyiv. On 10 January 1942 about 100 captured Soviet sailors were executed there after being forced to disinter and cremate the bodies of previous victims. In addition, Babi Yar became a place of execution of residents of five
653:
The difficulties resulting from such a large scale action—in particular concerning the seizure—were overcome in Kiev by requesting the Jewish population through wall posters to move. Although only a participation of approximately 5,000 to 6,000 Jews had been expected at first, more than 30,000 Jews
1146:
Maybe, say, this Babi Yar was also a test for Hitler. If on 29 September and 30 September 1941 Babi Yar may happen and the world did not react seriously, dramatically, abnormally, maybe this was a good test for him. So a few weeks later in
January 1942, near Berlin in Wannsee, a convention can be
854:
In the two years that followed, Ukrainians, Russians, Gypsies and people of all nationalities were murdered in Babi Yar. The belief that Babi Yar is an exclusively Jewish grave is wrong... It is an international grave. Nobody will ever determine how many and what nationalities are buried there,
662:
I watched what happened when the Jews—men, women and children—arrived. The
Ukrainians led them past a number of different places where one after the other they had to give up their luggage, then their coats, shoes and over-garments and also underwear. They also had to leave their valuables in a
1725:"Бабин Яр: масове убивство і пам′ять про нього. Матеріали міжнародної наукової конференції 24–25 жовтня 2011 р., м. Київ / В. Нахманович, А. Подольський, М. Тяглий. Український центр вивчення історії Голокосту; Громадський комітет для вшанування пам'яті жертв Бабиного Яру. – К., 2012. – 256 с."
1059:
After the war, specifically Jewish and Roma commemoration efforts encountered difficulty because of the Soviet Union's emphasis on secular remembrances honoring all nationalities of the Soviet Union, so memorials (including at Babi Yar) would generally refer to "peaceful victims of fascism."
1727:[Babyn Yar: mass murder and memory. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference October 24–25, 2011, Kyiv / V. Nakhmanovych, A. Podolsky, M. Tyagly. Ukrainian Center for Holocaust History Studies; Public Committee to Commemorate the Victims of Babyn Yar. K., 2012. 256 p.]
3148:
1414:. Thus, it is more accurate to describe these people as "Ukrainian speakers". A German policeman who guarded Babi Yar testified in 1965 that "the Jews were guarded by Wehrmacht units and by a Hamburg Police Battalion, which, as far as I can remember, carried the number 303."
575:
All Yids of the city of Kiev and its vicinity must appear on Monday, 29 September, by 8 o'clock in the morning at the corner of Mel'nikova and
Dokterivskaya streets (near the Viis'kove cemetery). Bring documents, money and valuables, and also warm clothing, linen, etc.
1009:
of
Ukraine at the time, was tried and sentenced to death by a Polish court for his atrocities in occupied Poland. However, he was never tried for his crimes in occupied Ukraine. His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and he died in prison in 1986.
900:
and other Jewish organisations started a project to identify and name the Babi Yar victims. However, so far, only 10% have been identified. Yad Vashem has recorded the names of around 3,000 Jews murdered at Babi Yar, as well as those of some 7,000 Jews from
937:. The bodies were exhumed, burned and the ashes scattered over farmland in the vicinity. Several hundred prisoners of war from the Syrets concentration camp were forced to build funeral pyres out of Jewish gravestones and exhume the bodies for cremation.
702:'s Operational Situation Report, 33,771 Jews from Kyiv and its suburbs were systematically shot dead by machine-gun fire at Babi Yar on 29 and 30 September 1941. The money, valuables, underwear, and clothing of the murdered were turned over to the local
362:, carried out the orders. Sonderkommando 4a and the 45th Battalion of the German Order Police conducted the shootings. Servicemen of the 303rd Battalion of the German Order Police at this time guarded the outer perimeter of the execution site.
1857:
722:
In the months that followed, thousands more were seized and taken to Babi Yar where they were shot. It is estimated that more than 100,000 residents of Kyiv of all ethnic groups, mostly civilians, were murdered by the Nazis there during
808:, who were taken to the ravines. On August 19 these men were ordered to disinter all the bodies in the ravine. The Germans meanwhile took a party to a nearby Jewish cemetery whence marble headstones were brought to Babii Yar [
3218:"WORLD HOLOCAUST FORUM | Past Events | International Forum 'Let My People Live!', September 27, 2006 | Message of the UN Secretary-General delivered by Mr. Francis O'Donnell, UN Resident Coordinator in Ukraine"
692: ... I saw these marksmen stand on layers of corpses and shoot one after the other ... The marksman would walk across the bodies of the executed Jews to the next Jew, who had meanwhile lain down, and shoot him.
681:
Once undressed, they were led into the ravine which was about 150 metres long and 30 metres wide and a good 15 metres deep ... When they reached the bottom of the ravine they were seized by members of the
631:-SS battalion, and a platoon of the No. 9 police battalion. These units were reinforced by police battalions Nos. 45 and 303, by units of the Ukrainian auxiliary police, and supported by local collaborators.
637:
4a and the 45th
Battalion of the German Order Police conducted the shootings. Servicemen of the 303rd Battalion of the German Order Police at this time guarded the outer perimeter of the execution site.
1706:[The tragedy of Babyn Yar through the prism of archival documents of the Security Service of Ukraine / Т.О. Evstafieva // Archives of Ukraine. 2011. № 5. 137–158. Bibliography: 76 titles. ukr.]
1043:
3578:
1846:
493:
C. The mass murder was to be carried out by units under the command of Rasch and Blobel, who were ultimately responsible for many atrocities in Soviet
Ukraine during the summer and autumn of 1941.
1142:. Rabbi Lau pointed out that if the world had reacted to the massacre of Babi Yar, perhaps the Holocaust might never have happened. Implying that this impunity emboldened Hitler, Lau speculated:
1569:
1021:. After a 14 month trial, seven were convicted and sentenced to prison terms ranging between four and fifteen years. In 1971, three more former German police officials were put on trial in
663:
designated place. There was a special pile for each article of clothing. It all happened very quickly and anyone who hesitated was kicked or pushed by the
Ukrainians to keep them moving.
4986:
765:
Upon the Soviet liberation of Kyiv in 1943, Soviet officials led
Western journalists to the site of the massacres and allowed them to interview survivors. Among the journalists were
2803:[From the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission on the Destruction and Atrocities Committed by the German-Fascist Invaders in the City of Kyiv]. Archived from
2428:
1536:
1196:
factories without sufficient drainage over the course of ten years. The dam collapsed after it was hit by a heavy rainstorm, resulting in a mudslide that swept away the low-lying
804:
However, even more incredible was the action taken by the Nazis between August 19 and September 28 last. Vilkis said that in the middle of August the SS mobilized a party of 100
365:
The massacre was the largest mass-murder by the Nazi regime during the campaign against the Soviet Union, and it has been called "the largest single massacre in the history of
688:
and made to lie down on top of Jews who had already been shot ... The corpses were literally in layers. A police marksman came along and shot each Jew in the neck with a
579:
Any Yids who do not follow this order and are found elsewhere will be shot. Any civilians who enter the dwellings left by Yids and appropriate the things in them will be shot.
1147:
held with a decision, a final solution to the Jewish problem ... Maybe if the very action had been a serious one, a dramatic one, in September 1941 here in Ukraine, the
3571:
1328:
450:, met at Rear Headquarters Army Group South. There, they decided to exterminate the Jews of Kyiv, claiming that it was retaliation for the explosions. Also present were SS-
409:
in origin and means "gully" or "ravine". Over several centuries, the site was used for various purposes, including military camps and at least two cemeteries, including an
1346:
1215:
4790:
431:(the NKVD) caused extensive damage in the city, and on 24 September an explosion rocked Rear Headquarters Army Group South. Two days later, on 26 September, Maj. Gen.
5837:
1075:
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, several memorials were erected on the site and elsewhere. The events also formed a part of literature. Babi Yar is located in
3564:
1704:"Трагедія Бабиного Яру крізь призму архівних документів Служби безпеки України / Т.О. Євстаф'єва // Архіви України. 2011. № 5. С. 137–158. Бібліогр.: 76 назв. укр"
3587:
5533:
4012:
5720:
395:
The Babi Yar (Babyn Yar) ravine was first mentioned in historical accounts in 1401, in connection to the sale of it by "baba" (an old woman) who was also the
5137:
4052:
2259:
8099:
5640:
3458:
6349:
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5252:
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fire, there was no chance to escape. All were driven down a corridor of soldiers, in groups of ten, and then shot. A truck driver described the scene.
3173:
1577:
1435:
1333:
5076:
5032:
2890:
2505:
2477:
1410:
Ukrainians" there has only been one documented Ukrainian speaker at Babi Yar, and that was Second Lieutenant Joseph Muller, an ethnic German from
871:
on the witness stand, 24 January 1946, at a Kyiv war-crimes trial of fifteen members of the German police responsible for the occupied Kyiv region
4783:
1341:
3217:
3199:
3122:
2040:
6877:
5711:
2944:
6960:
5161:
3096:
673:
The crowd was large enough that most of the victims could not have known what was happening until it was too late; by the time they heard the
4398:
2801:"Из Сообщения Чрезвычайной Государственной Комиссии о Разрушениях и зверствах, Совершенных Немецко – Фашистскими Захватчиками в Городе Киеве"
3261:
3243:
3070:
7074:
2161:
1371:
The order was posted in German, Ukrainian, and in the largest letters, Russian. In only the Russian version is the defamatory word "zhid" (
3499:
3288:
1064:'s 1961 poem on Babi Yar begins "Nad Babim Yarom pamyatnikov nyet" ("Over Babi Yar there are no monuments"); it is also the first line of
236:
was also located in the area. Massacres occurred at Babi Yar from 29 September 1941 to 6 November 1943, when Soviet forces liberated Kyiv.
8134:
4090:
3418:
2066:
Prusin, Alexander V. (Spring 2007). "A Community of Violence: The SiPo/SD and Its Role in the Nazi Terror System in Generalbezirk Kiew".
880:
2702:
2420:
654:
arrived who, until the very moment of their execution, still believed in their resettlement, thanks to an extremely clever organization.
84:
6252:
5052:
4776:
4752:
4005:
2581:
4880:
696:
In the evening, the Germans undermined the wall of the ravine and buried the people under the thick layers of earth. According to the
4323:
835:
claimed that approximately 100,000 corpses were lying in Babi Yar; he made this estimate using documents which were published by the
2109:
1972:
7121:
4872:
4057:
1088:
842:
In a recently published letter to the Israeli journalist, writer, and translator Shlomo Even-Shoshan which was dated 17 May 1965,
747:
were gassed and then dumped into the ravine. Thousands of other Ukrainians were murdered at Babi Yar. Ukrainian poet and activist
8069:
3009:
2048:
3326:
8129:
8094:
7656:
6245:
6123:
4956:
3463:
2356:
1305:
980:
was also indicted in the Einsatzgruppen Trial but his case was discontinued for health reasons, and he died in prison in 1948.
960:
In the aftermath of the war, several SS commanders who had planned and supervised the massacre were arrested and put on trial.
805:
706:
and to the Nazi administration of the city. Wounded victims were buried alive in the ravine along with the rest of the bodies.
2678:
2450:
2317:
8139:
8054:
7827:
7608:
6741:
3998:
3298:
2871:
1933:
1684:
1519:
305:. It is estimated that a total of between 100,000 and 150,000 people were murdered at Babi Yar during the German occupation.
2920:
2919:[Reuben Stein, who miraculously escaped from the place of execution: "Probably, I really died there, in Babi Yar"].
1782:
1459:
1257:
658:
According to the testimony of a truck driver named Hofer, victims were ordered to undress and were beaten if they resisted:
7905:
6893:
6814:
6483:
6079:
4963:
4021:
374:
1491:
8114:
8104:
7822:
5949:
4628:
3971:
3692:
3262:"The Secretary-General message commemorating the 65th anniversary of the tragedy of Babi Yar - United Nations in Ukraine"
3174:"Rabbi Lau's Statement at the International Forum 'Let My People Live!', Kyiv, September 27, 2006; World Holocaust Forum"
77:
4911:
3540:
3443:
3359:
6586:
2771:
2753:
2555:
1546:
1247:
1038:
427:
Axis forces, mainly German, occupied Kyiv on 19 September 1941. Between 20 and 28 September, explosives planted by the
5851:
4213:
2800:
1923:
8079:
8044:
6885:
6634:
6627:
6333:
3907:
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3019:
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2917:"Рувим Штейн, чудом спасшийся с места казни: "Наверное, я настоящий умер там, в Бабьем Яре" Янина Соколовская (Киев)"
2618:
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2293:
2222:
1954:
1890:
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335:
175:
1703:
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6861:
6762:
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6570:
6223:
6216:
5551:
4978:
766:
8124:
8084:
8003:
6980:
6869:
6130:
4083:
3200:"Message of Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General, delivered by Francis O'Donnell, UN Resident Coordinator in Ukraine"
2251:
1289:
1284:
1273:
1095:
5645:
2720:
8119:
7769:
6670:
6499:
6467:
6295:
6209:
4681:
1614:
1315:
1262:
1069:
836:
5942:
3524:
2625:
827:
Estimates of the total number of people who were murdered at Babi Yar during the Nazi occupation vary. At the
6917:
6909:
6822:
5336:
4572:
4481:
2527:
2499:
1944:
6412:
2833:
2454:
1509:
7938:
7454:
7114:
6776:
6554:
6475:
6451:
5921:
5024:
4592:
4536:
3177:
2830:
1445:
1279:
890:
282:
6102:
5413:
1673:
The tragedy of Babi Yar in German documents. – Dnepropetrovsk: Center "Tkuma"; PE "Lira LTD", 2011. 140 p.
293:. The first and best documented of the massacres took place on 29–30 September 1941, in which some 33,771
7644:
7614:
7500:
7279:
6901:
6317:
6202:
4712:
4602:
4288:
2902:
2887:
1633:
1351:
1221:
1209:
1200:
neighborhood and several other areas. The death toll was estimated to be between 1,500 and 2,000 people.
1163:
965:
953:
552:
7429:
7194:
4283:
1724:
1665:Трагедия Бабьего Яра в немецких документах. Днепропетровск: Центр «Ткума»; ЧП «Лира ЛТД», 2011. – 140 с.
545:
C and Police Battalion 45, commanded by Major Besser, conducted the massacre, supported by members of a
8089:
7862:
7804:
7674:
7660:
7577:
6748:
6698:
6507:
6325:
6259:
6036:
5716:
5292:
4856:
4698:
4597:
4470:
4140:
4076:
1660:
1299:
353:
171:
7897:
7687:
7648:
7334:
7314:
6933:
6806:
6769:
6691:
6372:
5220:
4829:
4587:
4551:
3221:
3203:
2052:
797:
728:
233:
191:
31:
17:
3290:Куренівська трагедія 13 березня 1961 р. у Києві: причини, обставини, наслідки. Документи і матеріали
2941:
1541:. The Shoah in Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization. Indiana University Press. p. 303.
8064:
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7915:
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7715:
7652:
7184:
6941:
6925:
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6578:
6562:
6029:
5695:
5129:
4757:
4649:
4623:
4475:
4408:
4155:
4130:
4125:
4099:
1411:
1267:
996:
964:, the overall commander of the SS unit responsible for the massacre, was sentenced to death by the
839:
which the Soviets set up in order to investigate Nazi crimes after the liberation of Kyiv in 1943.
7374:
3556:
8059:
7874:
7842:
7761:
7249:
7107:
6853:
5914:
4160:
4150:
4145:
4135:
3887:
3605:
3360:"What Happened at Babi Yar, the Ukrainian Holocaust Site Reportedly Struck by a Russian Missile?"
3265:
3247:
1609:(in German) (revised ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. pp. 115–128.
1237:
917:
Before the Nazis retreated from Kyiv ahead of the Soviet offensive of 1944, they were ordered by
410:
349:
167:
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7404:
5779:
5360:
4258:
3304:
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of Ukraine hosted a major commemoration of the 65th anniversary in 2006, attended by Presidents
758:, were murdered there on 21 February 1942. Also murdered in 1941 were Ukrainian activist writer
714:
8034:
8008:
7973:
7394:
7319:
7031:
6996:
6798:
6734:
6404:
6022:
5750:
5679:
5509:
5453:
5193:
5062:
4864:
3716:
3509:
3495:
1252:
6755:
3514:
2214:
2208:
2000:
668:
Michael Berenbaum: "Statement of Truck-Driver Hofer describing the murder of Jews at Babi Yar"
508:
C commanded by Blobel, under the general command of Friedrich Jeckeln. This unit consisted of
7978:
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6968:
6530:
6420:
6109:
6072:
5986:
5276:
5121:
5040:
4994:
4949:
4927:
4733:
4518:
4460:
4303:
2970:
2699:
2395:
792:
609:
On 29 and 30 September 1941, the Nazis and their collaborators murdered approximately 33,771
422:
5525:
5493:
2577:
925:, who had been in control of the mass murders in Babi Yar two years earlier, supervised the
568:
worked together with the SS and SD to plan and execute the mass-murder of the Jews of Kyiv.
7988:
7953:
7850:
6428:
6388:
6273:
5935:
5663:
5655:
5540:
5517:
5445:
5353:
5324:
5316:
5268:
5212:
4837:
4671:
4546:
4528:
4455:
4418:
4273:
3926:
3149:"Babi Yar and the Nazi Genocide of Roma: Memory Narratives and Memory Practices in Ukraine"
2286:
Die Ermordung der europäischen Juden: Eine umfassende Dokumentation der Holocaust 1941–1945
1919:
1842:
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1160:
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969:
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565:
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447:
370:
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2648:"Next to Babi Yar: The Syrets Concentration Camp and the Evolution of Nazi Terror in Kiev"
1025:. The vast majority of the perpetrators were never tried for their roles in the massacre.
438:
319:
8:
7882:
7679:
7536:
7399:
7234:
7164:
6459:
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4047:
3931:
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1976:
1641:
1323:
1319:
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because 90% of the corpses were burned, their ashes were scattered in ravines and fields.
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453:
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3648:
3331:
2091:
1747:
1440:
1242:
1179:
1148:
1034:
934:
771:
731:
was also built in the area, which was notorious for its cruelty and execution of three
598:
519:
258:
218:
7419:
7379:
7099:
1115:
1017:. In 1967, 11 men were charged for participating in the massacre in a German court in
8029:
7856:
7784:
7779:
7593:
7414:
7384:
7369:
7159:
7024:
7017:
7010:
6677:
6195:
6166:
5105:
5051:
4919:
4888:
4705:
4643:
4218:
3990:
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3036:
3015:
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2016:
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1809:
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1758:
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1515:
1390:
1103:
1099:
1047:
Ukrainian postage stamp, released on the 70th anniversary of the massacre in Babi Yar
981:
926:
876:
843:
584:
Order posted in Kyiv in Russian, Ukrainian, and German on or around 26 September 1941
511:
443:
343:
323:
138:
6065:
4768:
2353:
8109:
7933:
7887:
7789:
7639:
7359:
7299:
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3613:
3434:
3432:"Babi Yar in the mirror of science, or the map of Bermuda Triangle", an article in
3097:"Three Ex-nazis, Charged with Organizing Massacre of Jews at Babi Yar, Go on Trial"
2670:
2321:
2075:
1801:
1224:
the site was struck by Russian forces while they were trying to destroy the nearby
1139:
1014:
973:
828:
594:
379:
246:
7723:
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6116:
5886:
1123:
476:
7983:
7832:
7601:
7526:
7459:
7424:
7304:
7199:
7137:
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6380:
5907:
5893:
5793:
5671:
5603:
5421:
5308:
5169:
5090:
4726:
4638:
4633:
4361:
4278:
4042:
3528:
3503:
3385:
3123:"80 years after Babi Yar, lawyer seeks trial for last living alleged perpetrator"
3071:"7 Ex-nazis, Including Babi Yar Murderers, Sentenced to Prison for 1941 Killings"
3041:
2948:
2916:
2894:
2837:
2706:
2629:
2360:
2281:
1817:
1495:
1463:
1309:
1005:
886:
868:
755:
736:
644:
602:
406:
402:
384:
298:
54:
7993:
7214:
4308:
57:
being used by Germany to cover the mass grave after the massacre, 1 October 1941
7998:
7666:
7505:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7449:
7349:
7324:
7229:
7131:
7045:
7003:
6705:
6173:
6000:
5844:
5815:
5703:
5596:
5485:
5469:
5069:
4556:
4450:
4382:
4351:
4331:
4253:
4228:
4203:
2204:
1488:
992:
was arrested by US authorities but committed suicide while in custody in 1947.
689:
488:
162:
5872:
2303:
308:
The decision to murder all the Jews in Kyiv was made by the military governor
8023:
7948:
7928:
7817:
7733:
7569:
7475:
7444:
7329:
7219:
7204:
6159:
5963:
5858:
5757:
5734:
5632:
5568:
5429:
5260:
4676:
4582:
4523:
4423:
4413:
4263:
4193:
4188:
4115:
3941:
2087:
1813:
1742:
1602:
1225:
989:
918:
906:
703:
432:
366:
314:
302:
229:
150:
99:
86:
7364:
5561:
2996:
The Nuremberg SS-Einsatzgruppen Trial, 1945–1958: Atrocity, Law, and History
2775:
2757:
2551:
864:
847:
397:
7943:
7751:
7728:
7621:
7495:
7434:
7409:
7389:
7344:
7284:
6546:
4541:
4293:
4238:
4068:
4032:
3011:
Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front: Reassessing the Great Patriotic War
2804:
2541:
Yury Shapoval, "The Defection of Anatoly Kuznetsov", День, 18 January 2005.
2318:"Statement of Truck-Driver Hofer describing the murder of Jews at Babi Yar"
1854:
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
1489:
Life is not to be sold for a few pieces of silver: The life of Olena Teliha
1107:
1065:
815:
748:
724:
310:
290:
286:
278:
2210:
The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War
625:
C, consisting of SD and SiPo men, the third company of the Special Duties
605:
translation ordering all Kyivan Jews to assemble for supposed resettlement
413:
cemetery and a Jewish cemetery. The latter was officially closed in 1937.
7354:
7309:
7289:
7224:
5589:
5228:
4183:
2859:
2079:
1778:
1131:
961:
949:
922:
832:
759:
732:
674:
613:
civilians at Babi Yar. The order to murder the Jews of Kyiv was given to
458:
146:
3534:
3045:
2023:, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, this edition 2006, pp. 97–98.
7812:
7239:
7209:
5582:
5575:
5501:
5145:
4268:
4233:
4208:
3817:
3489:
3479:
2610:
1805:
1156:
1119:
1084:
1022:
1000:
985:
977:
897:
776:
482:
331:
207:
100,000–150,000 Jews, Soviet prisoners of war and Romani on later dates
142:
297:
were murdered. Other victims of massacres at the site included Soviet
7439:
3780:
2647:
1197:
1080:
1018:
752:
525:
369:" to that particular date. It is only surpassed overall by the later
358:
181:
2772:"Шоа. Информационно-аналитический портал - Бабий Яр - сентябрь 1941"
2421:"Yad Vashem tries to name Babi Yar victims, but only 10% identified"
5300:
4799:
3759:
3586:
3520:
2622:
1783:"From Berlin to Babi Yar. The Nazi War Against the Jews, 1941–1944"
1570:"Holocaust in Kiev and the Tragedy of Babi Yar | www.yadvashem.org"
1185:
1135:
995:
In January 1946, 15 former members of the German police (including
785:
780:
127:
3476:
The Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Beginnings of Mass Murder
1389:) in Ukrainian was at the time not defamatory at all, as noted by
1159:, Secretary-General of the United Nations, by his representative,
1051:
48:
1167:
1127:
984:
was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in the
270:
589:
5900:
4803:
1111:
1013:
Two additional perpetrators were given prison sentences at the
266:
6979:
945:
1925:
War of Annihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front
1193:
1166:, who added a Hebrew prayer O'seh Shalom, from the Mourners'
1094:, between Kyrylivska, Melnykov, and Olena Teliha streets and
5550:
3202:. Worldholocaustforum.org. 27 September 2006. Archived from
1347:
Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion
1228:. The attack resulted in the death of at least five people.
1216:
Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion
789:
what he had been told by one of the survivors, Efim Vilkis:
4807:
3865:
3591:
3327:"Russians attack Babyn Yar Holocaust massacre site in Kyiv"
2621:. An excerpt of the article is available at Ada Holtzman, "
1189:
1076:
902:
610:
428:
294:
274:
3386:"Babyn Yar: Anger as Kyiv's Holocaust memorial is damaged"
3293:. Institute of Ukrainian History NAN Ukraine. p. 18.
2951:
Yad Vashem. Shoa Resource Centre. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
2613:, Sifriat Hapoalim, New York: Macmillan, 1990. 4 volumes.
1377:) used for Jews. The respectful Russian word is "yevrey" (
1184:
In the spring of 1961, Babi Yar was the site of a massive
5335:
2864:
The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialisation
2451:"Бабин Яр: два дні – два роки – двадцяте століття /ДЕНЬ/"
810:
1460:"Zionism and Israel – Encyclopedic Dictionary: Babi Yar"
7129:
3287:
Smoliy, V. A.; Goryak, G. V.; Danilenko, V. M. (2012).
1634:"Military Tribunal Volume IV "The Einsatzgruppen Case""
1607:
Die Wehrmacht: Feindbilder, Vernichtungskrieg, Legenden
4020:
2914:
2857:
571:
On 26 September 1941, the following order was posted:
533:
battalion, and a platoon of the 9th Police Battalion.
4798:
3286:
988:, sentenced to death, and hanged on 3 February 1946.
822:
204:
33,771 Jews in initial two-day massacre (29 survived)
3459:
Bibliography of the Soviet Union during World War II
2288:(in German). Munich and Zurich: Piper. p. 123.
2740:Нюрнбергский процесс, т. III. M., 1958. с. 220–221.
1155:In 2006, a message was also delivered on behalf of
5534:Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
3898:Monument to the Crew of Tarashchanets Armour Train
3464:Bibliography of Ukrainian history § Holocaust
2962:
2387:
1992:
1746:
373:of more than 50,000 Jews (committed by German and
2241:, Judgment, at page 426, quoting exhibit NO-3157.
1534:
496:The implementation of the order was entrusted to
8021:
3351:
1188:. An earthen dam in the ravine was used to hold
524:(SiPo), the third company of the Special Duties
317:, the Police Commander for Army Group South, SS-
3377:
2842:
2508:. Archived from the original on 12 January 2010
2480:. Archived from the original on 12 January 2010
2110:"The Holocaust Chronicle: Massacre at Babi Yar"
1384:
1342:Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers
6878:Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
3246:. Un.org.ua. 27 September 2006. Archived from
2662:
2419:Barkat, Amiram; et al. (September 2006).
2012:
2010:
1946:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War
1943:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2001).
416:
7115:
4848:
4784:
4084:
4006:
3684:Manor House of the Murashko Family of Artists
3572:
3521:Babi Yar: Killing Ravine of Kyiv Jewry – WWII
2738:
2737:Materials of the Nuremberg Trial in Russian:
2623:Babi Yar: Killing Ravine of Kiev Jewry – WWII
2552:"Бабин яр – Бабий яр – Babij jar – Babyn jar"
1942:
1841:
1741:
1698:
1696:
1402:
1400:
1378:
1372:
718:Luftwaffe aerial photograph of Babi Yar, 1943
228:Possibly the largest two-day massacre during
4098:
3673:Grave of Cossack Officers Iskra and Kochubei
3406:
2915:Соколовская (Sokolovskaya), Янина (Yanina).
2721:"Blood at Babii Yar – Kiev's Atrocity Story"
2343:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 138–139.
1850:(PDF file, direct download 7.91 MB complete)
1514:. University of Toronto Press. p. 633.
1354:(landform and Nazi massacre site in Poland]]
912:
697:
683:
642:
632:
626:
620:
614:
554:
546:
540:
534:
526:
517:
509:
503:
497:
486:
474:
468:
462:
451:
436:
8100:Massacres of Ukrainians during World War II
4443:
3419:Babi Yar: A Document in the Form of a Novel
3146:
2969:. New York: Saturday Review Press. p.
2394:. New York: Saturday Review Press. p.
2190:. Vol. 1. Macmillan. pp. 133–136.
2007:
8075:Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Ukraine
7122:
7108:
5053:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
4791:
4777:
4753:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
4091:
4077:
4013:
3999:
3579:
3565:
3383:
3357:
3055:
2998:. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
2601:
2599:
2199:
2197:
1990:
1719:
1717:
1693:
1397:
1192:pulp which had been pumped from the local
1151:would have come to a different end, maybe.
47:
3717:Oleksandr Dovzhenko National Film Studios
3244:"Full text with post-script by O'Donnell"
3176:. Worldholocaustforum.org. Archived from
2658:(3): 431–459 – via Oxford Academic.
2412:
2335:
2280:
1949:. Harvard University Press. p. 141.
1654:
1652:
1528:
921:to conceal their atrocities in the East.
743:Gypsy camps. Patients of the Ivan Pavlov
6790:
4873:Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
3486:Marking 70 Years to Operation Barbarossa
2960:
2866:. Indiana University Press. p. 12.
2823:
2385:
2141:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
1928:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 95.
1918:
1895:
1835:
1628:
1626:
1483:
1481:
1050:
1042:
944:
863:
791:
713:
588:
390:
7075:Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus
4682:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
3588:National landmarks of cultural heritage
2851:
2817:Нюрнбергский Процесс. Документ СССР-9.
2751:
2645:
2596:
2203:
2194:
2049:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1714:
1658:
1507:
1433:
1203:
814:] to form the foundation of a huge
277:and a site of massacres carried out by
14:
8022:
3791:Church Foundation of Fedoriv Monastery
3697:Mykhailo Hrushevsky House of Residence
2418:
2213:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p.
2185:
2147:"Babi Yar: The tragedy of Kiev's Jews"
2102:
2065:
1902:"Remembering the Kyiv Inferno, 1941".
1649:
1306:In Memoriam to the Martyrs of Babi Yar
7609:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
7103:
6742:Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
4772:
4399:Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations
4072:
3994:
3740:Building of the First Private Museum
3560:
3147:Kotljarchuk, Andrej (30 April 2022).
2923:from the original on 17 February 2008
2718:
2262:from the original on 18 February 2015
2167:from the original on 28 November 2007
2026:
1883:"Vulytsi Kyeva" (The Streets of Kyiv)
1881:Anatoliy Kudrytsky, editor-in-chief,
1777:
1771:
1749:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
1659:Kruglov, Aleksandr Iosifovič (2011).
1623:
1601:
1501:
1478:
1452:
875:One of the most often-cited parts of
6894:Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
6484:Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack
3751:Taras Shevchenko House of Residence
3748:Kyiv Museum of Russian Arts Building
3656:Taras Shevchenko National University
3632:Taras Shevchenko House of Residence
3384:Wertheimer, Tiffany (3 March 2022).
3358:Veidlinger, Jeffrey (8 March 2022).
2993:
2831:"The Defection of Anatoly Kuznetsov"
2681:from the original on 29 October 2013
2584:from the original on 19 January 2012
2354:Operational Situation Report No. 101
1863:from the original on 19 October 2013
1753:. Harvard University Press. p.
1597:
1595:
1365:
1358:
709:
6619:
6151:
5742:
4629:Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph
3606:Mikhail Bulgakov House of Residence
2899:Heritage: Civilization and the Jews
2888:A Survivor of the Babi Yar Massacre
2668:
2639:
2506:"«Бабин Яр»: доля тексту та автора"
2478:"'Бабин Яр': доля тексту та автора"
1856:. Penguin Books. pp. 135–142.
735:football players who played in the
564:under the command of Field Marshal
24:
8135:World War II sites of Nazi Germany
4022:National Historic Reserves in Kyiv
3670:Vincent Chvojka House of Residence
3621:Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology
3515:The Massacre at Babi Yar Near Kyiv
3452:
3014:. Pen and Sword. 19 January 2020.
2935:
2609:, Israel Gutman, editor in chief,
1999:. New York: Bantam Books. p.
1875:
1248:Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center
1039:Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center
972:. He was hanged on 7 June 1951 at
823:Number of people who were murdered
593:Notice dated 28 September 1941 in
25:
8151:
6886:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
6635:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
6628:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
3870:Yurkovytsia Settlement and Burial
3726:Lesya Ukrainka House of Residence
3723:Mykola Lysenko House of Residence
3547:, 15 August 2002 (a reprint from
3469:
2709:by Jennifer Rosenberg (about.com)
2558:from the original on 8 March 2012
2475:Юрій Шаповал (27 February 2009),
2457:from the original on 5 April 2005
2453:. day.kyiv.ua. 28 November 2007.
1790:Journal of Religion & Society
1592:
783:. Downs described in a report to
6862:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
6763:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
6685:Matza restaurant suicide bombing
2431:from the original on 23 May 2011
1434:Hoffman, Avi (23 October 2011).
551:-SS battalion. Contrary to the "
435:, the military governor, and SS-
27:Ravine and massacre site in Kyiv
8004:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
6981:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
6080:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
4881:Jewish revolt against Heraclius
3892:Monument to Mykhailo Hrushevsky
3319:
3280:
3236:
3192:
3166:
3140:
3115:
3089:
3063:
3028:
3002:
2987:
2954:
2908:
2880:
2793:
2745:
2731:
2719:Downs, Bill (6 December 1943).
2712:
2693:
2570:
2544:
2535:
2469:
2443:
2379:
2366:
2347:
2310:
2274:
2244:
2231:
2179:
2135:
2059:
1984:
1981:The Holocaust Chronicle. p. 270
1965:
1910:
1735:
1498:", Ukrainian Youth Association.
1290:Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs
1285:Mass graves in the Soviet Union
933:was carried out earlier in all
929:in eliminating its traces. The
8070:Holocaust locations in Ukraine
7770:Burning of the Riga synagogues
6671:Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
6500:Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
5510:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
3840:Kyrylivska Archaeological Site
3693:Column of the Magdeburg Rights
3416:), trans. David Floyd (1970),
3335:. 1 March 2022. Archived from
2652:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
2252:"The dark secrets of Babi Yar"
2068:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
1562:
1427:
1406:While the witness referred to
1322:, which includes a setting of
1263:History of the Jews in Ukraine
1028:
837:Extraordinary State Commission
751:and her husband, and renowned
13:
1:
8130:World War II sites in Ukraine
8095:Massacres in the Soviet Union
6918:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
6587:Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
4573:Bogdanovka concentration camp
3904:Monument to Alexander Pushkin
3862:Fine court of Prince Vsevolod
3843:Theotokos Church Foundations
2994:Earl, Hilary Camille (2009).
2965:Six Presidents, Too Many Wars
2754:""Babi Yar – September 1941""
2607:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
2390:Six Presidents, Too Many Wars
2372:Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
2237:Nuremberg Military Tribunal,
2188:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
1508:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996).
762:, his sister, and his staff.
405:Monastery. The word "yar" is
342:C, along with the aid of the
8140:Historic reserves in Ukraine
8055:Eastern Front (World War II)
6870:Jerusalem synagogue massacre
6777:Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
6555:Dizengoff Street bus bombing
4987:Massacres at London and York
4593:Vapniarka concentration camp
3895:Monument to Taras Shevchenko
3854:Foundations of Stone Church
3794:St.George Church Foundations
3788:Foundation and Wall Remnants
3743:Bohdan and Varvara Khanenkos
3649:Building of Pedagogic Museum
3643:National Academy of Sciences
3610:Darnytsia concentration camp
3541:"History. Geography. Memory"
2605:Shmuel Spector, "Babi Yar,"
2363:(einsatzgruppenarchives.com)
1885:, Ukrainska Entsyklopediya,
1421:
1280:List of massacres in Ukraine
1220:On 1 March 2022, during the
859:
387:with 42,000–43,000 victims.
371:October 1941 Odessa massacre
7:
7615:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
7280:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
6318:Night of the Murdered Poets
4713:She Paid the Ultimate Price
4603:Janowska concentration camp
4121:Related articles by country
3908:Bohdan Khmelnytsky Monument
3851:Settlement at Shchekavytsia
3837:City of Izyaslav Svyatopolk
3805:St.Irina Church Foundations
2905:). Gilbert (1985): 204–205.
2646:Aristov, Stanislav (2015).
1991:Khrushchev, Nikita (1971).
1574:historical-background3.html
1231:
1222:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1210:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1173:
1079:at the juncture of today's
966:Subsequent Nuremberg Trials
954:subsequent Nuremberg trials
831:in 1946, Soviet prosecutor
796:A barbed wire fence of the
417:Massacres of September 1941
10:
8156:
8115:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
8105:Nazi war crimes in Ukraine
7675:Lithuanian Security Police
6749:Davidka Square bus bombing
6460:Antwerp summer camp attack
6334:Shafrir synagogue shooting
6037:Operation Harvest Festival
5146:Massacre of the Assumption
4699:Luboml: My Heart Remembers
4598:Pechora concentration camp
4482:Ukrainian People's Militia
4471:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
3972:Cathedral of St. Alexander
3912:Monument to Mykola Shchors
3901:Monument to Lesya Ukrainka
3708:Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
3510:In-depth study on Babi Yar
3506:) (history1900s.about.com)
1535:Karel C. Berkhoff (2008).
1300:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
1213:
1207:
1177:
1032:
846:commented on the Babi Yar
420:
354:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
172:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
29:
7966:
7914:
7896:
7873:
7841:
7803:
7760:
7742:
7714:
7707:
7631:
7578:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
7561:
7554:
7514:
7468:
7263:
7173:
7152:
7145:
6952:
6837:
6815:Tel Aviv shawarma bombing
6770:Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
6726:
6692:Hebrew University bombing
6648:
6612:
6605:
6522:
6443:
6413:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
6373:Avivim school bus bombing
6364:
6309:
6296:Menarsha synagogue attack
6287:
6260:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
6237:
6187:
6144:
6094:
6050:
6014:
5978:
5829:
5807:
5771:
5733:
5405:
5398:
5204:
5016:
5009:
4938:
4903:
4821:
4814:
4743:
4690:
4664:
4616:
4588:Syrets concentration camp
4565:
4552:Pripyat Marshes massacres
4494:
4436:
4391:
4375:
4322:
4176:
4169:
4106:
4028:
3964:
3919:
3888:Prince Volodymyr Monument
3880:
3823:Old Ruthenian Settlement
3768:
3737:Memorial of Militsiya Men
3629:Konstantin Ushinsky Grave
3626:Kyiv Theological Seminary
3598:
3407:General and cited sources
2843:
2836:January 13, 2009, at the
2739:
2526:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2498:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2154:Brandeis Graduate Journal
1385:
1379:
1373:
940:
913:Concealment of the crimes
905:who were murdered during
798:Syrets concentration camp
729:Syrets concentration camp
649:reported two days later:
262:
250:
234:Syrets concentration camp
224:
214:
197:
192:Syrets concentration camp
187:
157:
134:
123:
115:
72:
62:
46:
41:
32:Babi Yar (disambiguation)
8080:Jewish Ukrainian history
8045:1941 in the Soviet Union
7828:Ninth Fort November 1941
7430:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
7185:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
6942:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing
6926:Poway synagogue shooting
6823:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
6657:Ghriba synagogue bombing
6579:Island of Peace massacre
6030:Kielce cemetery massacre
4758:Transnistria Governorate
4650:The Last Jew in Vinnitsa
4476:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
4409:Hermann Friedrich Graebe
4284:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
4100:The Holocaust in Ukraine
3952:Zvirynets Fortifications
3527:30 December 2012 at the
2554:. 1000years.uazone.net.
2341:Witness to the Holocaust
1843:Browning, Christopher R.
1268:The Holocaust in Ukraine
1164:Francis Martin O'Donnell
473:C, and his superior, SS-
7250:Franz Walter Stahlecker
6476:Vienna synagogue attack
6452:Paris synagogue bombing
5696:The Bloody Day in Jaffa
3955:Vasylkiv Fortifications
3942:Hospital Fortifications
3543:by Tatyana Yevstafyeva
2961:Lawrence, Bill (1972).
2947:8 November 2015 at the
2386:Lawrence, Bill (1972).
2359:7 December 2006 at the
2186:Gutman, Israel (1990).
2114:The Holocaust Chronicle
1436:"A Museum for Babi Yar"
1238:Antisemitism in Ukraine
350:Order Police battalions
168:Order Police battalions
8125:World War II massacres
8085:Mass graves in Ukraine
8009:Einsatzgruppen reports
7974:List of Einsatzgruppen
7823:Kaunas 29 October 1941
7320:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
6799:Beersheba bus bombings
6405:Kiryat Shmona massacre
6326:Scorpion Pass massacre
6023:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
5454:Second Kishinev pogrom
5194:Portuguese Inquisition
4838:2nd Alexandrian pogrom
2675:Occupation of the East
2376:, Judgment, at p. 430.
2045:Holocaust Encyclopedia
1253:Consequences of Nazism
1153:
1056:
1048:
957:
872:
857:
820:
800:
719:
698:
694:
684:
671:
656:
643:
633:
627:
621:
615:
606:
587:
555:
547:
541:
535:
527:
518:
510:
504:
498:
487:
475:
469:
463:
452:
437:
338:4a as the sub-unit of
8120:September 1941 events
7906:Kremnička and Nemecká
7375:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
6699:Rishon LeZion bombing
6421:Coastal Road massacre
5422:First Kishinev pogrom
5213:Chmielnicki massacres
5122:Schaffhausen Massacre
5041:Armleder persecutions
4995:Rintfleisch massacres
4734:Word of the Righteous
4519:Bila Tserkva massacre
4461:Police Regiment South
4304:Hans Graf von Sponeck
3946:Citadel with Bastions
3732:Park "Vichnoyi Slavy"
3661:Nikolai Vatutin Grave
3496:Babi Yar: Mass Murder
3422:, Jonathan Cape Ltd.
3127:www.timesofisrael.com
2532:Літакцент, 2007-2009.
1920:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
1796:. The Kripke Center,
1214:Further information:
1144:
1096:St. Cyril's Monastery
1054:
1046:
948:
879:'s documentary novel
867:
852:
806:Russian war prisoners
802:
795:
717:
679:
660:
651:
641:The commander of the
592:
573:
423:Battle of Kiev (1941)
391:Historical background
219:On site and elsewhere
100:50.47139°N 30.44889°E
7989:Einsatzgruppen trial
7851:Operation Tannenberg
7532:Antanas Impulevičius
7405:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
6934:Jersey City shooting
6807:Ashdod Port bombings
6389:Lod Airport massacre
6350:Purge of Polish Jews
6274:Kfar Etzion massacre
5780:Częstochowa massacre
5541:1920 Nebi Musa riots
5361:Fourth Odessa pogrom
5317:Second Odessa pogrom
4672:Einsatzgruppen trial
4456:Nachtigall Battalion
4419:Klymentiy Sheptytsky
4274:Walter von Reichenau
4259:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
3927:Andriyivskyy Descent
3667:Monitor Zhelezniakov
3664:Lukianivske Cemetery
3618:Manor House Complex
3502:21 July 2006 at the
3364:Smithsonian Magazine
3307:on 28 September 2017
3156:Nationalities Papers
2778:on 29 September 2007
2760:on 29 September 2007
2752:Kremenetsky, Iosif.
2705:11 June 2007 at the
2634:We Remember! Shalom!
2374:Einsatzgruppen trial
2239:Einsatzgruppen trial
1995:Khrushchev Remembers
1906:. 25 September 2016.
1511:A History of Ukraine
1487:Ludmyla Yurchenko, "
1383:). The word "zhyd" (
1295:Operation Barbarossa
1258:Genocides in history
1204:2022 Russian bombing
1161:Resident Coordinator
970:Einsatzgruppen Trial
889:, an actress of the
885:is the testimony of
745:Psychiatric Hospital
566:Walter von Reichenau
448:SS and Police Leader
429:Soviet secret police
383:of November 1943 in
119:29–30 September 1941
30:For other uses, see
7939:Kamianets-Podilskyi
7883:Gully of Petrushino
7400:Gustav Adolf Nosske
7235:Friedrich Panzinger
7165:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
6756:Café Hillel bombing
6124:Tripolitania pogrom
5922:Kamianets-Podilskyi
5446:Fifth Odessa pogrom
5384:1898 Algerian riots
5325:Third Odessa pogrom
5269:First Odessa pogrom
5154:Spanish Inquisition
5130:Moroccan revolution
5010:14th – 19th century
4940:Rhineland massacres
4656:Deutsche Volksliste
4537:Kamianets-Podilskyi
4249:Hans von Obstfelder
4244:Gustav Adolf Nosske
4224:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
4053:Lukianivka Cemetery
4048:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
3679:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
3640:Presidium Building
3550:The Jewish Observer
2669:ARC (9 July 2006).
2578:"Kiev and Babi Yar"
2041:"Kiev and Babi Yar"
2021:The World Must Know
1979:on 29 October 2013.
1973:"1941: Mass Murder"
1847:"Arrival in Poland"
1642:Library of Congress
1466:on 27 December 2014
1324:Yevgeny Yevtushenko
1320:Dmitri Shostakovich
1062:Yevgeny Yevtushenko
935:extermination camps
891:Kyiv Puppet Theatre
96: /
7586:Sicherheitspolizei
7542:Algirdas Klimaitis
7340:Friedrich Buchardt
7255:Bruno Streckenbach
6854:Burgas bus bombing
6539:Crown Heights riot
6492:Ras Burqa massacre
6203:Haifa Oil Refinery
6059:Ardeatine massacre
5994:Dzyatlava massacre
5414:Częstochowa pogrom
5025:Shepherds' Crusade
4830:Alexandrian pogrom
4815:1st – 13th century
4720:The Lemberg Mosaic
4367:Petro Zakhvalynsky
4264:Paul Otto Radomski
3979:Sahaidachny Street
3976:Residential House
3831:Church Foundations
3808:Kytayiv Settlement
3797:Palace Foundation
3517:(historyplace.com)
3332:The Jerusalem Post
2893:2008-03-14 at the
2848:, 18 January 2005.
2807:on 6 December 2007
2677:. Deathcamps.org.
2671:"The KZ in Syrets"
2628:2012-12-30 at the
2337:Berenbaum, Michael
2258:. 2 October 1998.
2143:Khiterer, Victoria
2123:on 29 October 2013
2080:10.1093/hgs/dcm001
2055:on 3 January 2007.
2017:Berenbaum, Michael
1494:2007-08-14 at the
1441:The Jerusalem Post
1243:Babi Yar in poetry
1180:Kurenivka mudslide
1149:Wannsee Conference
1057:
1055:The ravine in 2003
1049:
1035:Babi Yar memorials
958:
873:
801:
772:The New York Times
720:
607:
553:myth of the clean
520:Sicherheitspolizei
411:Orthodox Christian
105:50.47139; 30.44889
8090:Massacres in 1941
8017:
8016:
7962:
7961:
7857:Intelligenzaktion
7703:
7702:
7694:Ypatingasis būrys
7594:Sicherheitsdienst
7550:
7549:
7415:Martin Sandberger
7385:Walter Kutschmann
7370:Friedrich Jeckeln
7160:Reinhard Heydrich
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7069:
7068:
6910:Halamish stabbing
6902:Tel Aviv shooting
6833:
6832:
6786:
6785:
6722:
6721:
6678:Passover massacre
6644:
6643:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6563:Beit Lid massacre
6518:
6517:
6439:
6438:
6429:Nahariya massacre
6360:
6359:
6305:
6304:
6283:
6282:
6233:
6232:
6196:Fajja bus attacks
6183:
6182:
6140:
6139:
6090:
6089:
6046:
6045:
6010:
6009:
5974:
5973:
5825:
5824:
5803:
5802:
5767:
5766:
5751:Tiberias massacre
5680:Constantine riots
5627:
5626:
5552:Russian Civil War
5394:
5393:
5370:
5369:
5106:Brussels massacre
5100:
5099:
5005:
5004:
4973:
4972:
4899:
4898:
4889:Battle of Khaybar
4865:Bar Kokhba revolt
4766:
4765:
4706:No Place on Earth
4644:Sonderaktion 1005
4530:Durchgangsstrasse
4490:
4489:
4432:
4431:
4219:Friedrich Jeckeln
4066:
4065:
3988:
3987:
3785:City of Volodymyr
3776:Bourgogne Theatre
3729:Memorial Complex
3713:Building Complex
3705:Building Complex
3676:Building Complex
3653:Building Complex
3440:The Mirror Weekly
3414:Anatoly Kuznetsov
3300:978-966-02-6392-5
3077:. 3 December 1968
3037:Babi Yar. Context
2873:978-0-253-35084-8
2700:Babi Yar (Page 2)
1935:978-0-7425-4481-9
1798:Towson University
1686:978-966-383-346-0
1538:Babi Yar Massacre
1521:978-0-8020-7820-9
1391:Nikita Khrushchev
1359:Explanatory notes
1104:Viktor Yushchenko
1100:Orange Revolution
982:Friedrich Jeckeln
927:Sonderaktion 1005
877:Anatoly Kuznetsov
844:Anatoly Kuznetsov
710:Further massacres
512:Sicherheitsdienst
444:Friedrich Jeckeln
439:Obergruppenführer
324:Friedrich Jeckeln
320:Obergruppenführer
301:, communists and
281:'s forces during
240:
239:
139:Friedrich Jeckeln
16:(Redirected from
8147:
7888:Zmievskaya Balka
7818:Kaunas June 1941
7775:Dünamünde Action
7712:
7711:
7640:Schutzmannschaft
7559:
7558:
7360:Erich Isselhorst
7300:Wolfgang Birkner
7295:Ernst Biberstein
7267:Einsatzkommandos
7245:Heinrich Seetzen
7190:Walther Bierkamp
7150:
7149:
7138:Einsatzkommandos
7124:
7117:
7110:
7101:
7100:
7086:
7083:Dagestan attacks
7078:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6969:Beersheba attack
6964:
6945:
6937:
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6897:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6849:
6826:
6818:
6810:
6802:
6788:
6787:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6724:
6723:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6646:
6645:
6637:
6630:
6617:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6590:
6582:
6574:
6566:
6558:
6550:
6542:
6534:
6531:Cairo bus attack
6520:
6519:
6511:
6503:
6495:
6487:
6479:
6471:
6463:
6455:
6441:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6408:
6400:
6397:Ma'alot massacre
6392:
6384:
6376:
6362:
6361:
6353:
6345:
6337:
6329:
6321:
6307:
6306:
6298:
6285:
6284:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6235:
6234:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6185:
6184:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6149:
6148:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6110:Topoľčany pogrom
6105:
6103:Deutsch Schützen
6092:
6091:
6083:
6075:
6073:Sărmașu massacre
6068:
6061:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6012:
6011:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5987:Dünamünde Action
5976:
5975:
5967:
5959:
5952:
5950:Kaunas (October)
5945:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5805:
5804:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5769:
5768:
5760:
5753:
5740:
5739:
5726:
5724:
5707:
5699:
5691:
5683:
5675:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5649:
5636:
5633:Zavirtcha pogrom
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5481:
5473:
5465:
5462:Białystok pogrom
5457:
5449:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5403:
5402:
5387:
5379:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5253:Algiers massacre
5248:
5240:
5237:Massacre of Uman
5232:
5224:
5216:
5197:
5189:
5181:
5173:
5165:
5157:
5149:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5014:
5013:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4928:Granada massacre
4923:
4915:
4912:Córdoba massacre
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4857:The Great Revolt
4846:
4845:
4841:
4833:
4819:
4818:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4749:
4624:Graebe affidavit
4578:Drohobycz Ghetto
4466:Schutzmannschaft
4441:
4440:
4404:Aleksei Glagolev
4357:Hryhoriy Vasiura
4347:Vladimir Katriuk
4342:Anatoliy Kabayda
4337:Feodor Fedorenko
4314:Dieter Wisliceny
4299:Heinrich Seetzen
4214:Günther Herrmann
4199:Hermann Fegelein
4174:
4173:
4122:
4112:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3811:City of Yaroslav
3701:Askoldova Mohyla
3635:Vyshhorod Street
3614:Baikove Cemetery
3581:
3574:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3546:
3448:
3444:available online
3435:Dzerkalo Tyzhnia
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3303:. Archived from
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:on 15 March 2012
3264:. Archived from
3259:
3257:
3255:
3250:on 15 March 2012
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3224:on 11 March 2012
3220:. Archived from
3215:
3213:
3211:
3206:on 11 March 2012
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2968:
2958:
2952:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2912:
2906:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2774:. Archived from
2769:
2767:
2765:
2756:. Archived from
2749:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2710:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2643:
2637:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2503:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2393:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2320:. Archived from
2314:
2308:
2307:
2282:Longerich, Peter
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2151:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2116:. Archived from
2106:
2100:
2099:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2051:. Archived from
2037:
2024:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1975:. Archived from
1969:
1963:
1960:
1939:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1851:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1816:. Archived from
1787:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1752:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1580:on 4 August 2019
1576:. Archived from
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1462:. Archived from
1456:
1450:
1449:
1448:on 26 June 2013.
1444:. Archived from
1431:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1337:
1140:Yisrael Meir Lau
1015:Nuremberg Trials
974:Landsberg Prison
829:Nuremberg trials
701:
687:
669:
648:
636:
630:
624:
618:
585:
558:
550:
544:
538:
530:
523:
515:
507:
501:
492:
480:
472:
466:
457:
454:Standartenführer
442:
380:Aktion Erntefest
299:prisoners of war
264:
252:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
65:
51:
39:
38:
21:
8155:
8154:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8065:Execution sites
8050:1941 in Ukraine
8040:1941 in Judaism
8020:
8019:
8018:
8013:
7984:Commissar Order
7958:
7910:
7892:
7869:
7837:
7799:
7795:Liepāja (Šķēde)
7756:
7738:
7699:
7627:
7602:Ordnungspolizei
7546:
7527:Herberts Cukurs
7510:
7464:
7460:Udo von Woyrsch
7425:Hermann Schaper
7420:Emanuel Schäfer
7395:Josef Meisinger
7380:Wolfgang Kügler
7305:Helmut Bischoff
7272:Sonderkommandos
7270:
7265:
7259:
7200:Erich Ehrlinger
7175:
7169:
7141:
7128:
7098:
7089:
7081:
7073:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6975:
6967:
6959:
6948:
6940:
6932:
6924:
6916:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6852:
6844:
6829:
6821:
6813:
6805:
6797:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6593:
6585:
6577:
6569:
6561:
6553:
6545:
6537:
6529:
6514:
6506:
6498:
6490:
6482:
6474:
6468:Antwerp bombing
6466:
6458:
6450:
6435:
6427:
6419:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6387:
6381:Munich massacre
6379:
6371:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6316:
6301:
6294:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6086:
6078:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5970:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5821:
5814:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5729:
5714:
5710:
5702:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5672:Campbell pogrom
5670:
5664:Hebron massacre
5662:
5654:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5524:
5516:
5508:
5500:
5492:
5484:
5476:
5468:
5460:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5430:Zablotov pogrom
5428:
5420:
5412:
5390:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5309:Damascus affair
5307:
5299:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5267:
5259:
5251:
5243:
5235:
5227:
5219:
5211:
5200:
5192:
5184:
5176:
5170:Lisbon massacre
5168:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5104:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5001:
4993:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4910:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4810:
4797:
4767:
4762:
4747:
4739:
4727:The White Hotel
4686:
4660:
4639:Generalplan Ost
4634:Katzmann Report
4612:
4608:Priest's Grotto
4561:
4547:Odessa massacre
4486:
4428:
4387:
4371:
4362:Petro Voinovsky
4318:
4279:Walter Schimana
4165:
4120:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4067:
4062:
4043:Bykivnia Graves
4024:
4019:
3989:
3984:
3960:
3949:Lysohirsky Fort
3915:
3876:
3814:Zvirynets Caves
3764:
3754:Shevchenko Lane
3594:
3585:
3544:
3537:(berdichev.org)
3529:Wayback Machine
3504:Wayback Machine
3472:
3455:
3453:Further reading
3446:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3339:on 1 March 2022
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3301:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3180:on 20 June 2013
3172:
3171:
3167:
3151:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3042:Sergey Loznitsa
3040:2021, director
3033:
3029:
3022:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2959:
2955:
2949:Wayback Machine
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2913:
2909:
2895:Wayback Machine
2885:
2881:
2874:
2856:
2852:
2838:Wayback Machine
2829:Yury Shapoval,
2828:
2824:
2818:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2763:
2761:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2732:
2717:
2713:
2707:Wayback Machine
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2663:
2644:
2640:
2630:Wayback Machine
2604:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2367:
2361:Wayback Machine
2352:
2348:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2296:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2205:Gilbert, Martin
2202:
2195:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2149:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2064:
2060:
2039:
2038:
2027:
2015:
2008:
1989:
1985:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1936:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1849:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1823:on 5 March 2009
1820:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1676:
1657:
1650:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1600:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1496:Wayback Machine
1486:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1352:Valley of Death
1331:
1316:Symphony No. 13
1310:Dmitri Klebanov
1304:Symphony No. 1
1274:The Kindly Ones
1234:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1182:
1176:
1116:Filip Vujanović
1070:Symphony No. 13
1041:
1033:Main articles:
1031:
1006:Reichskommissar
1003:, who had been
943:
915:
887:Dina Pronicheva
869:Dina Pronicheva
862:
825:
756:Mykhailo Teliha
712:
670:
667:
645:Einsatzkommando
586:
583:
485:, commander of
461:, commander of
425:
419:
393:
385:occupied Poland
375:Romanian troops
210:
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
63:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8153:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8060:Einsatzgruppen
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7999:Korherr Report
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7979:The Black Book
7976:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7920:
7918:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7890:
7885:
7879:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7860:
7853:
7847:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7766:
7764:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7720:
7718:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7697:
7690:
7685:
7677:
7672:
7664:
7635:
7633:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7618:
7611:
7606:
7598:
7590:
7582:
7574:
7565:
7563:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7539:
7537:Konrāds Kalējs
7534:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7506:Albert Widmann
7503:
7501:Heinz Schubert
7498:
7493:
7491:Emil Haussmann
7488:
7486:Joachim Hamann
7483:
7481:Lothar Fendler
7478:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7450:Eduard Strauch
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7350:Gerhard Flesch
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7325:Otto Bradfisch
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7230:Otto Ohlendorf
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7179:
7177:Einsatzgruppen
7174:Commanders of
7171:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7156:
7154:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7132:Einsatzgruppen
7127:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7104:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7079:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6985:
6983:
6974:
6973:
6965:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6938:
6930:
6922:
6914:
6906:
6898:
6890:
6882:
6874:
6866:
6858:
6850:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6819:
6811:
6803:
6794:
6792:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6709:
6706:Matzuva attack
6702:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6652:
6650:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6631:
6623:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6583:
6575:
6571:Purim massacre
6567:
6559:
6551:
6543:
6535:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6508:Purim stabbing
6504:
6496:
6488:
6480:
6472:
6464:
6456:
6447:
6445:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6368:
6366:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6346:
6342:Tripoli pogrom
6338:
6330:
6322:
6313:
6311:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6291:
6289:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6270:
6267:Cairo bombings
6263:
6256:
6249:
6241:
6239:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6191:
6189:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6155:
6153:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6098:
6096:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6076:
6069:
6066:Luduș massacre
6062:
6054:
6052:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6018:
6016:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6001:Sarny massacre
5997:
5990:
5982:
5980:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5833:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5816:Dorohoi pogrom
5811:
5809:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5787:Dynów massacre
5783:
5775:
5773:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5754:
5746:
5744:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5708:
5704:Przytyk pogrom
5700:
5692:
5688:Thrace pogroms
5684:
5676:
5668:
5660:
5656:Safed massacre
5652:
5637:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5557:
5555:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5522:
5514:
5506:
5498:
5490:
5482:
5474:
5470:Siedlce pogrom
5466:
5458:
5450:
5442:
5434:
5426:
5418:
5409:
5407:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5380:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5342:
5340:
5337:Russian Empire
5330:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5293:Safed massacre
5289:
5281:
5273:
5265:
5257:
5249:
5245:Tétouan pogrom
5241:
5233:
5225:
5221:Safed massacre
5217:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5138:Cordoba pogrom
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5058:
5056:
5046:
5045:
5037:
5033:Navarre pogrom
5029:
5020:
5018:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4945:
4943:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4852:
4850:
4849:Jewish revolts
4843:
4842:
4834:
4825:
4823:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4557:Sarny massacre
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4451:Einsatzgruppen
4447:
4445:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4383:Tatiana Markus
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4352:Vasyl Meleshko
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:John Demjanjuk
4328:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4289:Heinz Schubert
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4254:Otto Ohlendorf
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4229:Fritz Katzmann
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4204:Lothar Fendler
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4058:Sophia of Kyiv
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3938:Kyiv Fortress
3936:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3921:
3920:Urban planning
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3881:Monumental art
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3859:
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3849:
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3847:
3846:Klov Monastery
3841:
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3471:
3470:External links
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3447:(in Ukrainian)
3442:), July 2005,
3430:
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2324:on 6 June 2007
2309:
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2284:, ed. (1989).
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2006:
1983:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1940:
1934:
1909:
1894:
1874:
1834:
1770:
1763:
1734:
1713:
1692:
1685:
1648:
1622:
1615:
1603:Wette, Wolfram
1591:
1561:
1548:978-0253001597
1547:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1477:
1451:
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1233:
1230:
1208:Main article:
1205:
1202:
1178:Main article:
1175:
1172:
1030:
1027:
942:
939:
914:
911:
861:
858:
824:
821:
737:Match of Death
711:
708:
704:ethnic Germans
690:submachine gun
665:
634:Sonderkommando
616:Sonderkommando
581:
536:Sonderkommando
499:Sonderkommando
464:Sonderkommando
418:
415:
392:
389:
356:backed by the
336:Sonderkommando
238:
237:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
205:
201:
199:
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177:Sonderkommando
163:Einsatzgruppen
159:
155:
154:
136:
132:
131:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
80:, Soviet Union
74:
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52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
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2:
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8035:1940s in Kyiv
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8010:
8007:
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8000:
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7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
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7969:
7965:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7949:Mizocz Ghetto
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7929:Drobytsky Yar
7927:
7925:
7922:
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7917:
7913:
7907:
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7741:
7735:
7734:Slutsk Affair
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7724:Łachwa Ghetto
7722:
7721:
7719:
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7713:
7710:
7706:
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7570:Schutzstaffel
7567:
7566:
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7560:
7557:
7553:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7522:Viktors Arājs
7520:
7519:
7517:
7515:Collaborators
7513:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7476:August Becker
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:Other members
7467:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7445:Eugen Steimle
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
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7356:
7353:
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7338:
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7331:
7330:Werner Braune
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
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7301:
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7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7268:
7264:Commanders of
7262:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7220:Erich Naumann
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7205:Wilhelm Fuchs
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
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7072:
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7054:
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7047:
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7040:
7036:
7033:
7032:Netiv HaAsara
7029:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6997:Ein HaShlosha
6994:
6991:
6987:
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6984:
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6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6846:Itamar attack
6843:
6842:
6840:
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6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6796:
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6757:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6714:
6713:Hebron ambush
6710:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6664:Hadera attack
6661:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6622:
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6157:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6117:Kraków pogrom
6114:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5965:
5964:The Holocaust
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5943:Švenčionėliai
5940:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5859:Kaunas (June)
5856:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5795:
5794:Silc massacre
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5759:
5758:Kristallnacht
5755:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5642:
5641:Oradea pogrom
5638:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5518:Kielce pogrom
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5478:Shiraz pogrom
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5285:Hebron pogrom
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5261:Hep-Hep riots
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5178:Hebron pogrom
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5008:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Kharkov Trial
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:Mizocz Ghetto
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:Drobytsky Yar
4522:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:Organizations
4435:
4425:
4424:Yurii Sokolov
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Omelyan Kovch
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4324:Collaborators
4321:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Kurt Eberhard
4192:
4190:
4189:Werner Braune
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4116:The Holocaust
4114:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4071:
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3861:
3857:Yurkiv Street
3856:
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3531:) (zchor.org)
3530:
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3428:0-671-45135-9
3425:
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3391:
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3179:
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3169:
3162:(3): 452–453.
3161:
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3128:
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3118:
3102:
3098:
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3076:
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3021:9781526742278
3017:
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2980:9780841501430
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2858:Ray Brandon;
2854:
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2624:
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2619:0-02-896090-4
2616:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2583:
2580:. Ushmm.org.
2579:
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2295:9783492110600
2291:
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2257:
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2247:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2224:0-03-062416-9
2220:
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2054:
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2046:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1956:0-674-00680-1
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1916:
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1905:
1898:
1892:
1891:5-88500-070-0
1888:
1884:
1878:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:(1992–1998).
1844:
1838:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1774:
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1764:9780674022133
1760:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1743:Wolfram Wette
1738:
1726:
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1705:
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1235:
1229:
1227:
1226:Kyiv TV Tower
1223:
1217:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1162:
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1129:
1125:
1124:Stjepan Mesić
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
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1097:
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1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
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1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
990:Kurt Eberhard
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
955:
951:
947:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:Wilhelm Koppe
910:
908:
907:the Holocaust
904:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
883:
878:
870:
866:
856:
851:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
819:
817:
813:
812:
807:
799:
794:
790:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
773:
768:
767:Bill Lawrence
763:
761:
757:
754:
750:
746:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
716:
707:
705:
700:
699:Einsatzgruppe
693:
691:
686:
685:Schutzpolizei
678:
676:
664:
659:
655:
650:
647:
646:
639:
635:
629:
623:
622:Einsatzgruppe
617:
612:
604:
600:
596:
591:
580:
577:
572:
569:
567:
563:
559:
557:
549:
543:
542:Einsatzgruppe
537:
532:
529:
522:
521:
514:
513:
506:
505:Einsatzgruppe
500:
494:
491:
490:
489:Einsatzgruppe
484:
479:
478:
477:Brigadeführer
471:
470:Einsatzgruppe
465:
460:
456:
455:
449:
445:
441:
440:
434:
433:Kurt Eberhard
430:
424:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
388:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
367:the Holocaust
363:
361:
360:
355:
351:
347:
346:
341:
340:Einsatzgruppe
337:
333:
329:
328:Einsatzgruppe
325:
322:
321:
316:
315:Kurt Eberhard
313:
312:
306:
304:
303:Romani people
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
260:
256:
248:
244:
235:
231:
230:the Holocaust
227:
223:
220:
217:
213:
206:
203:
202:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
165:
164:
160:
158:Organizations
156:
152:
151:Kurt Eberhard
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:, mass murder
129:
126:
124:Incident type
122:
118:
114:
109:
79:
78:Ukrainian SSR
75:
71:
67:
64:Also known as
61:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7994:Jäger Report
7944:Lviv pogroms
7923:
7863:
7855:
7752:Kalevi-Liiva
7729:Minsk Ghetto
7692:
7681:Rollkommando
7680:
7668:
7638:
7622:Sonderdienst
7620:
7613:
7600:
7592:
7584:
7581: (RSHA)
7576:
7568:
7496:Felix Landau
7455:Martin Weiss
7435:Erwin Schulz
7410:Walter Rauff
7390:Rudolf Lange
7345:Ernst Damzog
7335:Karl Brunner
7315:Walter Blume
7285:Gerhard Bast
7271:
7266:
7215:Bruno Müller
7176:
7136:
7130:
6961:Israel riots
6953:2020–present
6606:21st century
6547:AMIA bombing
6131:Cairo pogrom
5928:
5712:Brest pogrom
5502:Skver pogrom
5399:20th century
5376:Corfu pogrom
5277:Tzfat pogrom
5186:Safed pogrom
5162:Arles pogrom
5114:1391 pogroms
4979:Ham massacre
4920:Fez massacre
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4691:Books, films
4648:
4542:Lviv pogroms
4529:
4506:
4444:Perpetrators
4309:Otto Wächter
4294:Erwin Schulz
4239:Felix Landau
4177:Perpetrators
4111:Main article
4037:
4033:Ancient Kyiv
3965:Architecture
3932:Zamkova Hora
3800:Irene Street
3687:
3548:
3545:(in Russian)
3439:
3433:
3417:
3412:A. Anatoli (
3395:30 September
3393:. Retrieved
3389:
3379:
3369:30 September
3367:. Retrieved
3363:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:the original
3330:
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3305:the original
3289:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:the original
3252:. Retrieved
3248:the original
3238:
3226:. Retrieved
3222:the original
3208:. Retrieved
3204:the original
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:the original
3168:
3159:
3155:
3142:
3130:. Retrieved
3126:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3103:. 7 May 1971
3100:
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3074:
3065:
3046:
3035:
3034:Documentary
3030:
3010:
3004:
2995:
2989:
2964:
2956:
2942:Aktion 1005.
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2910:
2898:
2882:
2863:
2853:
2841:
2825:
2819:(in Russian)
2809:. Retrieved
2805:the original
2795:
2789:(in Russian)
2780:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2762:. Retrieved
2758:the original
2747:
2733:
2724:
2714:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2674:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2633:
2606:
2586:. Retrieved
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2510:. Retrieved
2482:. Retrieved
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2424:
2414:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2349:
2340:
2326:. Retrieved
2322:the original
2312:
2285:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2209:
2187:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2157:
2153:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2118:the original
2113:
2104:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2053:the original
2044:
2020:
1994:
1986:
1977:the original
1967:
1945:
1924:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1882:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1853:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1818:the original
1793:
1789:
1779:Lower, Wendy
1773:
1748:
1737:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1640:
1606:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:the original
1573:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1537:
1530:
1510:
1503:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:the original
1454:
1446:the original
1439:
1429:
1367:
1327:
1272:
1219:
1183:
1154:
1145:
1108:Moshe Katsav
1102:, President
1098:. After the
1074:
1066:Shostakovich
1058:
1012:
1004:
994:
959:
956:, March 1948
930:
916:
895:
881:
874:
853:
841:
826:
816:funeral pyre
809:
803:
784:
770:
764:
749:Olena Teliha
741:
725:World War II
721:
695:
680:
672:
661:
657:
652:
640:
608:
578:
574:
570:
495:
426:
396:
394:
378:
364:
357:
344:
339:
330:C Commander
327:
318:
311:Generalmajor
309:
307:
291:World War II
287:Soviet Union
285:against the
283:its campaign
279:Nazi Germany
254:
242:
241:
176:
161:
135:Perpetrators
36:
7785:Pogulianski
7355:Ludwig Hahn
7310:Paul Blobel
7290:Rudolf Batz
7225:Arthur Nebe
7195:Horst Böhme
6310:1950s–1960s
6082:(1944–1945)
5966:(1941–1945)
5715: [
5644: [
5554:(1918–1920)
5526:Lwów pogrom
5494:Lwów pogrom
5438:Kiev pogrom
5339:(1881–1884)
5229:Mawza Exile
5215:(1648–1657)
5055:(1348–1350)
5043:(1336–1339)
4989:(1189–1190)
4184:Paul Blobel
3820:Foundations
3769:Archaeology
3311:20 December
3228:15 December
3101:www.jta.org
3075:www.jta.org
2927:17 February
2860:Wendy Lower
2127:17 December
1806:10504/64569
1554:23 February
1470:26 December
1332: [
1132:Chief Rabbi
1029:Remembrance
997:Paul Scheer
962:Paul Blobel
950:Paul Blobel
923:Paul Blobel
833:Lev Smirnov
760:Ivan Rohach
733:Dynamo Kyiv
675:machine gun
459:Paul Blobel
147:Paul Blobel
103: /
8024:Categories
7813:Ninth Fort
7657:Lithuanian
7645:Belarusian
7632:Non-German
7365:Karl Jäger
7240:Otto Rasch
7210:Heinz Jost
6167:Kunmadaras
5576:Justingrad
5084:Strasbourg
4269:Otto Rasch
4234:Erich Koch
4209:Hans Frank
3818:Lach Gates
3490:Yad Vashem
3480:Yad Vashem
3272:1 December
2685:28 October
2611:Yad Vashem
2304:1198514341
2171:20 January
2121:(web site)
1671:Kruglov A.
1663:Круглов А.
1616:3596156459
1157:Kofi Annan
1120:Montenegro
1085:Lukianivka
1023:Regensburg
1001:Erich Koch
986:Riga Trial
978:Otto Rasch
898:Yad Vashem
777:Bill Downs
562:Sixth Army
483:Otto Rasch
421:See also:
398:cantiniere
377:), and by
332:Otto Rasch
326:, and the
153:and others
143:Otto Rasch
91:30°26′56″E
88:50°28′17″N
7934:Drohobycz
7864:AB-Aktion
7805:Lithuania
7661:Ukrainian
7440:Franz Six
6838:2010–2019
6791:2004–2009
6613:2000–2009
6145:1946–1999
5866:Szczuczyn
5838:Bucharest
5735:1938–1945
5611:Proskurov
5569:Radomyshl
5486:The Tritl
5406:1900–1937
5205:1600–1899
5017:1300–1599
4904:1000–1299
4883:(614–617)
4875:(351–352)
4867:(132–136)
4800:Massacres
4512:memorials
4502:Artemivsk
4141:Lithuania
3834:Berestove
3781:Vydubychi
2811:29 August
2512:28 August
2484:28 August
2334:Cited in
2328:9 January
2256:Kyiv Post
2096:146390847
2088:1476-7937
1904:Kyiv Post
1814:1522-5658
1679:. Ткума.
1422:Citations
1198:Kurenivka
1092:districts
1081:Kurenivka
1019:Darmstadt
896:In 2006,
860:Survivors
753:bandurist
599:Ukrainian
556:Wehrmacht
516:(SD) and
403:Dominican
359:Wehrmacht
352:with the
271:Ukrainian
259:Ukrainian
255:Babyn Yar
215:Memorials
182:Wehrmacht
68:Babyn Yar
18:Babyn Yar
8030:Babi Yar
7924:Babi Yar
7898:Slovakia
7669:Kommando
7649:Estonian
7153:Director
7025:Nahal Oz
7018:Kissufim
7011:Kfar Aza
6735:Istanbul
5929:Babi Yar
5894:Jedwabne
5301:Allahdad
4891:(628 CE)
4806:against
4748:See also
4617:Evidence
4507:Babi Yar
4392:Rescuers
4038:Babi Yar
3760:Bykivnia
3688:Babi Yar
3535:Babi Yar
3525:Archived
3500:Archived
3390:BBC News
3047:Babi Yar
2945:Archived
2921:Archived
2891:Archived
2862:(2008).
2834:Archived
2725:Newsweek
2703:Archived
2679:Archived
2626:Archived
2582:Archived
2556:Archived
2522:cite web
2494:cite web
2455:Archived
2435:3 August
2429:Archived
2357:Archived
2339:(1997).
2266:14 March
2260:Archived
2207:(1985).
2162:Archived
2160:: 1–16.
2145:(2004).
2074:: 1–30.
1922:(2006).
1858:Archived
1781:(2007).
1745:(2006).
1605:(2005).
1584:1 August
1492:Archived
1329:Babi Yar
1326:'s poem
1232:See also
1186:mudslide
1174:Mudslide
1136:Tel Aviv
882:Babi Yar
848:atrocity
786:Newsweek
666:—
582:—
273:capital
263:Бабин Яр
251:Бабий Яр
243:Babi Yar
128:Genocide
73:Location
42:Babi Yar
8110:Ravines
7967:Records
7916:Ukraine
7790:Rumbula
7780:Jelgava
7744:Estonia
7716:Belarus
7653:Latvian
7060:Yakhini
6928:(2019)
6253:Djerada
6246:Tripoli
6174:Miskolc
5957:Rumbula
5915:Tykocin
5845:Antwerp
5706:(1936)
5590:Zviahel
4859:(66–73)
4804:pogroms
4376:Victims
4156:Romania
4131:Estonia
4126:Belarus
3873:Uhorske
3599:History
3492:website
3488:on the
3482:website
3478:on the
3343:1 March
3254:7 March
3210:7 March
3184:7 March
3132:1 March
3107:1 March
3081:1 March
2588:7 March
2562:7 March
2461:7 March
2425:Haaretz
1412:Galicia
1168:Kaddish
1128:Croatia
968:in the
952:at the
595:Russian
560:", the
401:in the
269:in the
265:) is a
247:Russian
198:Victims
53:Soviet
7875:Russia
7843:Poland
7833:Ponary
7762:Latvia
7708:Crimes
7683:Hamann
7667:Arajs
7605:(Orpo)
7589:(SiPo)
7562:German
7555:Groups
7146:People
7085:(2024)
7077:(2023)
7039:Nir Oz
6990:Be'eri
6971:(2022)
6963:(2021)
6944:(2019)
6936:(2019)
6920:(2018)
6912:(2017)
6904:(2016)
6896:(2015)
6888:(2014)
6880:(2014)
6872:(2014)
6864:(2012)
6856:(2012)
6848:(2011)
6825:(2008)
6817:(2006)
6809:(2004)
6801:(2004)
6589:(1997)
6581:(1997)
6573:(1996)
6565:(1995)
6557:(1994)
6549:(1994)
6541:(1991)
6533:(1990)
6510:(1989)
6502:(1986)
6494:(1985)
6486:(1982)
6478:(1981)
6470:(1981)
6462:(1980)
6454:(1980)
6431:(1979)
6423:(1978)
6415:(1975)
6407:(1974)
6399:(1974)
6391:(1972)
6383:(1972)
6375:(1970)
6352:(1968)
6344:(1967)
6336:(1956)
6328:(1954)
6320:(1952)
6224:Manama
6217:Aleppo
6160:Kielce
5936:Odessa
5908:Ponary
5901:Farhud
5887:Wąsosz
5725:(1937)
5698:(1936)
5690:(1934)
5682:(1934)
5674:(1931)
5666:(1929)
5658:(1929)
5650:(1927)
5635:(1921)
5604:Fastov
5528:(1918)
5520:(1918)
5512:(1917)
5504:(1917)
5496:(1914)
5488:(1912)
5480:(1910)
5472:(1906)
5464:(1906)
5456:(1905)
5448:(1905)
5440:(1905)
5432:(1903)
5424:(1903)
5416:(1902)
5386:(1898)
5378:(1891)
5354:Warsaw
5327:(1871)
5319:(1859)
5311:(1840)
5303:(1839)
5295:(1838)
5287:(1834)
5279:(1834)
5271:(1821)
5263:(1819)
5255:(1805)
5247:(1790)
5239:(1768)
5231:(1679)
5223:(1660)
5196:(1536)
5188:(1517)
5180:(1517)
5172:(1506)
5164:(1484)
5156:(1478)
5148:(1474)
5140:(1473)
5132:(1465)
5124:(1401)
5116:(1391)
5108:(1370)
5091:Zurich
5077:Speyer
5063:Erfurt
5035:(1328)
5027:(1320)
4997:(1298)
4981:(1143)
4964:Mainz
4957:Speyer
4942:(1096)
4930:(1066)
4922:(1033)
4914:(1013)
4665:Trials
4566:Places
4495:Events
4170:People
4161:Russia
4151:Poland
4146:Norway
4136:Latvia
3426:
3297:
3054:
3018:
2977:
2870:
2782:16 May
2764:16 May
2617:
2402:
2302:
2292:
2221:
2094:
2086:
1953:
1932:
1889:
1867:24 May
1827:24 May
1812:
1761:
1683:
1675:]
1613:
1545:
1518:
1312:(1945)
1138:Rabbi
1112:Israel
1089:Syrets
941:Trials
931:Aktion
727:. The
628:Waffen
619:4a of
611:Jewish
603:German
548:Waffen
539:4a of
528:Waffen
502:4a of
467:4a of
446:, the
407:Turkic
267:ravine
76:Kyiv,
7954:Odesa
7053:Re'im
7046:Nirim
7004:Holit
6523:1990s
6444:1980s
6365:1970s
5852:Gabès
5723:]
5648:]
5597:Pinsk
5583:Skver
5070:Basel
4950:Worms
4822:1–999
4478:(UPA)
3826:Nyvky
3152:(PDF)
2727:: 22.
2165:(PDF)
2150:(PDF)
2092:S2CID
1861:(PDF)
1821:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1729:(PDF)
1708:(PDF)
1677:(PDF)
1668:[
1637:(PDF)
1380:еврей
1336:]
1194:brick
601:with
253:) or
225:Notes
7597:(SD)
7573:(SS)
7135:and
6727:2003
6649:2002
6620:2001
6288:1949
6238:1948
6210:Aden
6188:1947
6152:1946
6095:1945
6051:1944
6015:1943
5979:1942
5880:Lviv
5873:Iași
5830:1941
5808:1940
5772:1939
5743:1938
5618:Kiev
5562:Lida
5347:Kiev
4840:(66)
4832:(38)
4808:Jews
3866:Klov
3592:Kyiv
3424:ISBN
3397:2022
3371:2022
3345:2022
3313:2017
3295:ISBN
3274:2010
3256:2012
3230:2010
3212:2012
3186:2012
3134:2022
3109:2022
3083:2022
3052:IMDb
3016:ISBN
2975:ISBN
2929:2008
2868:ISBN
2844:День
2813:2007
2784:2007
2766:2007
2687:2013
2615:ISBN
2590:2012
2564:2012
2528:link
2514:2010
2500:link
2486:2010
2463:2012
2437:2010
2400:ISBN
2330:2006
2300:OCLC
2290:ISBN
2268:2018
2219:ISBN
2173:2008
2129:2007
2084:ISSN
1951:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1869:2013
1829:2013
1810:ISSN
1759:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1586:2019
1556:2013
1543:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1472:2014
1190:loam
1130:and
1087:and
1077:Kyiv
1037:and
903:Kyiv
775:and
481:Dr.
348:and
295:Jews
275:Kyiv
188:Camp
180:4a,
116:Date
55:POWs
7688:TDA
4802:or
3590:in
3050:at
2903:PBS
2897:,"
2632:",
2215:202
2076:doi
2001:145
1802:hdl
1755:112
1408:"he
1386:жид
1374:жид
1318:by
1308:by
1134:of
1126:of
1118:of
1110:of
1068:'s
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781:CBS
779:of
769:of
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