Ukrainian language

1195: 4600: 740: 766:/pʲeˑtʃʲə̆/, /pʲiˑtʃʲ/ or similar). This raising and other phonological developments of the time, such as the merger of the Old East Slavic vowel phonemes и /i/ and ы /ɨ/ into the specifically Ukrainian phoneme /ɪ ~ e/, spelled with и (in the 13th/14th centuries), and the fricativisation of the Old East Slavic consonant г /g/, probably first to /ɣ/ (in the 13th century), with /ɦ/ as a reflex in Modern Ukrainian, did not happen in Russian. Only the fricativisation of Old East Slavic г /g/ occurred in Belarusian, where the present-day reflex is /ɣ/. 5086: 2572: 1558: 1207: 2899: 2676: 2277: 835: 2241: 1296: 2176: 10552: 4941: 4955: 10630: 4927: 27: 565: 2424: 6284:(e.g., Megalê Hellas, or Magna Graecia in Latin, for the Greek colonies in Italy). Whatever the conceptual underpinnings, the terms gained acceptance in ecclesiastical circles and entered the political sphere by the 1330s. <...> As a political designation "Little Rus"" faded with the demise of the Galician Principality (1340), but it continued to be important in the expanded battles over the Rus' metropolitanate. 4302: 7487: 7457: 3359: 2416: 7491: 7465: 5256:(Cambridge). pp. 145–146: "The three East Slavonic languages are very close to one another, with very high rates of mutual intelligibility...The separation of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian as distinct languages is relatively recent...Many Ukrainians in fact speak a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian, finding it difficult to keep the two languages apart..." 4631:

state of Kievan Rus', which occupied large parts of these three nations, led to the creation of the common classification known later as the East Slavic languages. The underlying theory of the grouping is their descent from a common ancestor. In modern times, Ukrainian, Russian, and Belarusian are usually listed by linguists as separate languages.

951:. For the following four centuries, the languages of the two regions evolved in relative isolation from each other. Direct written evidence of the existence of the Ukrainian language dates to the late 16th century. By the 16th century, a peculiar official language formed: a mixture of the liturgical standardised language of 4340:(1907–1909). Most of the spelling rules (practically based on phonetics – "write as you hear") used in Hrinchenko's dictionary are still valid. Hrinchenko's work became an informal spelling and model for Ukrainian writers and publications from 1907 until the creation of the first official Ukrainian spelling in 1918. 1315:. Local autonomy of both rule and language was a marked feature of Lithuanian rule. In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Old East Slavic became the language of the chancellery and gradually evolved into the Ruthenian language. Polish rule, which came later, was accompanied by a more assimilationist policy. By the 1569 1519:, which prohibited publication and importation of most Ukrainian-language books, public performances and lectures, and even banned the printing of Ukrainian texts accompanying musical scores. A period of leniency after 1905 was followed by another strict ban in 1914, which also affected Russian-occupied Galicia. 2340:, pursued a policy of defending Ukraine's interests within the Soviet Union. He proudly promoted the beauty of the Ukrainian language and developed plans to expand the role of Ukrainian in higher education. He was removed, however, after only a brief tenure, for being too lenient on Ukrainian nationalism. 4423:, in 11 volumes, contains 253,000 entries. Lexical card catalog of the Ukrainian Institute of Language Studies has six million cards. As mentioned at the top of the article, Ukrainian is most closely related lexically to Belarusian, and is also closer to Polish than to Russian (for example, можливість, 4375:

that unified as never before the Ukrainian and Russian languages. The letter ґ was removed from the alphabet, and Ukrainian scientific terminology was revised and harmonized with Russian-Ukrainian dictionaries (the Institute of Ukrainian Scientific Language was abolished in 1930). This version of the

2587:

The shift is believed to be caused mainly by an influx of migrants from western regions of Ukraine but also by some Kyivans opting to use the language they speak at home more widely in public settings. Public signs and announcements in Kyiv are displayed in Ukrainian. In southern and eastern Ukraine,

2556:

The Ukrainian literary language developed further when the Russian state banned the use of the Ukrainian language, prompting many of its writers to move to the western Ukrainian region of Galicia which was under more liberal Austrian rule; after the 1860s the majority of Ukrainian literary works were

2552:

Kotlyarevsky's work and that of another early writer using the Ukrainian vernacular language, Petro Artemovsky, used the southeastern dialect spoken in the Poltava, Kharkiv and southern Kyiven regions of the Russian Empire. This dialect would serve as the basis of the Ukrainian literary language when

2166:

Until the 1920s the urban population in Ukraine grew faster than the number of Ukrainian speakers. This implies that there was a (relative) decline in the use of Ukrainian language. For example, in Kyiv, the number of people stating that Ukrainian was their native language declined from 30.3% in 1874

4630:

languages are dialects of a single language or three separate languages was actively discussed, with the debate affected by linguistic and political factors. The political situation (Ukraine and Belarus being mainly part of the Russian Empire at the time) and the historical existence of the medieval

2883:

Oleksa Horbach's 1951 study of argots analyzed historical primary sources (argots of professionals, thugs, prisoners, homeless, school children, etc.) paying special attention to etymological features of argots, word formation and borrowing patterns depending on the source-language (Church Slavonic,

2304:

era which followed saw a policy of relatively lenient concessions to development of the languages at the local and republic level, though its results in Ukraine did not go nearly as far as those of the Soviet policy of Ukrainianization in the 1920s. Journals and encyclopedic publications advanced in

1424:

However, in the Russian Empire expressions of Ukrainian culture and especially language were repeatedly persecuted for fear that a self-aware Ukrainian nation would threaten the unity of the empire. In 1804 Ukrainian as a subject and language of instruction was banned from schools. In 1811, by order

1354:

occurred. Ukrainian culture and language flourished in the sixteenth and first half of the 17th century, when Ukraine was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, albeit in spite of being part of the PLC, not as a result. Among many schools established in that time, the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium (the

568: 6201:

Even though these areas, these countries are close to the imperial centers, Ireland and Algeria, their evolution has been an evolution driven in the 20th century by decolonization. And what I'm indicating here, of course, is that the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is in many ways similar –

2495:

The literary Ukrainian language, which was preceded by Old East Slavic literature, may be subdivided into two stages: during the 12th to 18th centuries what in Ukraine is referred to as "Old Ukrainian", but elsewhere, and in contemporary sources, is known as the Ruthenian language, and from the end

2445:

Since 1991, Ukrainian has been the official state language in Ukraine, and the state administration implemented government policies to broaden the use of Ukrainian. The educational system in Ukraine has been transformed over the first decade of independence from a system that is partly Ukrainian to

2312:

Yet, the 1958 school reform that allowed parents to choose the language of primary instruction for their children, unpopular among the circles of the national intelligentsia in parts of the USSR, meant that non-Russian languages would slowly give way to Russian in light of the pressures of survival

2158:

Although in the rural regions of the Ukrainian provinces, 80% of the inhabitants said that Ukrainian was their native language in the Census of 1897 (for which the results are given above), in the urban regions only 32.5% of the population claimed Ukrainian as their native language. For example, in

1384:

divided Ukraine between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. During the following century, both monarchies became increasingly intolerant of Ukrainian own cultural and political aspirations. Ukrainians found themselves in a colonial situation. The Russian centre adopted the

6283:

The reasons for choosing the terms remain obscure. They might simply have reflected that the Galician metropolitan had fewer eparchies than the Suzdal one, or they might have come about due to an ancient Greek practice of denoting the homeland as "minor" while the colonies were labelled as "major"

4857:

The three verbs became conflated in East Slavic due to morphological overlap, in particular of *iměti "to have" and *jati "to take" as exemplified in the Middle Ukrainian homonymic imut’ from both iměti (< *jĭměti) and jati (< *jęti). Analogous grammaticalization of the type take ("to take",

4411:

prepared by the Ukrainian National Commission on Spelling. The new edition brought to life some features of orthography in 1928, which were part of the Ukrainian orthographic tradition. At the same time, the commission was guided by the understanding that the language practice of Ukrainians in the

4351:

On 23 July 1925, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to organize a State Commission for the Organization of Ukrainian Spelling (State Spelling Commission). It included more than 20 academics from the USSR, who also expressed a desire to invite representatives of Western Ukraine:

2316:

Parents were usually free to choose the language of study of their children (except in few areas where attending the Ukrainian school might have required a long daily commute) and they often chose Russian, which reinforced the resulting Russification. In this sense, some analysts argue that it was

4399:

Today, despite the existence of the official spelling of the Ukrainian language, it is not the only spelling standard in use. Even in Ukraine itself, many publishers and publications use other versions of the spelling, which either tend to "skrypnykivka", or else differ from the official rules of

4383:

After the beginning of "perestroika", the issue of improving Ukrainian spelling became relevant again: the editing of the spelling code was started by the Orthographic Commission at the LMM of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The project was also discussed in the newly established Ukrainian Language

3399:

before World War I, and belonged to Poland between the World Wars. The language spoken by most of them is the Galician dialect of Ukrainian from the first half of the 20th century. Compared with modern Ukrainian, the vocabulary of Ukrainians outside Ukraine reflects less influence of Russian, but

1393:

for the language, an expression that originated in Byzantine Greek and may originally have meant "old, original, fundamental Russia", and had been in use since the 14th century. Ukrainian high culture went into a long period of steady decline. The Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was taken over by the Russian

788:

differed significantly from that of other dialects of Kievan Rus' during the 11th–12th century, but started becoming more similar to them around the 13th–15th centuries. The modern Russian language hence developed from the fusion of this Novgorod dialect and the common dialect spoken by the other

567: 2431:

are in Ukrainian. The evolution in their language followed the changes in the language policies in post-war Ukraine. Originally, all signs and voice announcements in the metro were in Ukrainian, but their language was changed to Russian in the early 1980s, at the height of Shcherbytsky's gradual

2324:

against the expansion of Russian language that contributed to the relative decline of Ukrainian in the 1970s and 1980s. According to this view, it was inevitable that successful careers required a good command of Russian, while knowledge of Ukrainian was not vital, so it was common for Ukrainian

1330:

Many Ukrainian nobles learned the Polish language and converted to Catholicism during that period in order to maintain their lofty aristocratic position. Lower classes were less affected because literacy was common only in the upper class and clergy. The latter were also under significant Polish

977:

language. Much of the influence of Poland on the development of the Ukrainian language has been attributed to this period and is reflected in multiple words and constructions used in everyday Ukrainian speech that were taken from Polish or Latin. Examples of Polish words adopted from this period

572: 571: 566: 1530:, where Ukrainian was widely used in education and official documents. The suppression by Russia hampered the literary development of the Ukrainian language in Dnipro Ukraine, but there was a constant exchange with Halychyna, and many works were published under Austria and smuggled to the east. 1072:

The accepted chronology of Ukrainian divides the language into Old Ukrainian, Middle Ukrainian, and Modern Ukrainian. Shevelov explains that much of this is based on the character of contemporary written sources, ultimately reflecting socio-historical developments, and he further subdivides the

1286:

Also according to Andrey Zaliznyak, the Novgorodian dialect differed significantly from that of other dialects of Kievan Rus during the 11th–12th century, but started becoming more similar to them around 13th–15th centuries. The modern Russian language hence developed from the fusion of this

812:

and others. According to this theory, the dialects of East Slavic tribes evolved gradually from the common Proto-Slavic language without any intermediate stages during the 6th through 9th centuries. The Ukrainian language was formed by convergence of tribal dialects, mostly due to an intensive

765:

vowel that would eventually disappear completely, for example Old East Slavic котъ /kɔtə/ > Ukrainian кіт /kit/ 'cat' (via transitional stages such as /koˑtə̆/, /kuˑt(ə̆)/, /kyˑt/ or similar) or Old East Slavic печь /pʲɛtʃʲə/ > Ukrainian піч /pitʃ/ 'oven' (via transitional stages such as

4174:; an apostrophe is also used. Ukrainian orthography is based on the phonemic principle, with one letter generally corresponding to one phoneme, although there are a number of exceptions. The orthography also has cases where the semantic, historical, and morphological principles are applied. 3106:, who settled in that area in the late 18th century. It was formed from a gradual mixture of Russian into Ukrainian. This dialect features the use of some Russian vocabulary along with some Russian grammar. There are three main variants, which have been grouped together according to location. 4359:

After almost a year of work in April 1926, the "Project of Ukrainian Spelling" was published to acquaint the general public with the new system. After several months of discussion and consideration of the project at the All-Ukrainian Spelling Conference (26 May – 6 June 1927), the Ukrainian

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Specific developments that led to a gradual change of the Old East Slavic vowel system into the system found in modern Ukrainian began approximately in the 12th/13th century (that is, still at the time of the Kievan Rus') with a lengthening and raising of the Old East Slavic mid vowels

2583:

worldwide, including 37.5 million in Ukraine in 2001 (77.8% of the total population at the time), the Ukrainian language is prevalent mainly in western and central Ukraine. In Kyiv, both Ukrainian and Russian are spoken, a notable shift from the recent past when the city was primarily

4347:

issued the "Main Rules of Ukrainian orthography", which, however, did not cover the entire scope of the language. On 17 May 1919, the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences approved the "Main Rules of Ukrainian Orthography", which became the basis for all subsequent revisions and amendments.

1476:. In a private letter from 1854, Taras Shevchenko lauds "our splendid Ukrainian language". Valuyev's decree from 1863 derides the "Little Russian" language throughout, but also mentions "the so-called Ukrainian language" once. In Galicia, the earliest applications of the term 3069:

regions of Russia. This dialect is formed from a gradual mixture of Russian and Ukrainian, with progressively more Russian in the northern and eastern parts of the region. Thus, there is no linguistic border between Russian and Ukrainian, and, thus, both grammar sets can be

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Some minor changes were made in the spelling of 1946 and 1959 (published the following year). It was connected with the document "The rules of Russian spelling and punctuation", published in 1956. From 1960 until 1990, the 1960 edition was the official standard.

2754: 2591:

In August 2022, a survey in Ukraine by Rating Group found that 85% said they speak Ukrainian or Ukrainian and Russian at home, 51% only Ukrainian, an increase from 61% and 44% in February 2014. In the same survey, 76% considered Ukrainian their native language

4837:, Ukrainian linguist A. Danylenko argues that Ukrainian differs from Romance in the choice of auxiliary, which should be interpreted as 'to take' and not 'to have.' He states that Late Common Slavic (LCS) had three verbs with the same Proto-Indo-European root 2436:

liberalization of the late 1980s, the signs were changed to bilingual. This was accompanied by bilingual voice announcements in the trains. In the early 1990s, both signs and voice announcements were changed again from bilingual to Ukrainian-only during the

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The modern Ukrainian alphabet is the result of a number of proposed alphabetic reforms from the 19th and early 20th centuries, in Ukraine under the Russian Empire, in Austrian Galicia, and later in Soviet Ukraine. A unified Ukrainian alphabet (the

3374:

All the countries neighbouring Ukraine (except for Hungary) historically have regions with a sizable Ukrainian population and therefore Ukrainian language speakers. Ukrainian is an official minority language in Belarus, Romania, and Moldova.

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In 1933, a spelling commission headed by Andrii Khvylia branded the Ukrainian orthography of 1928 as "nationalist", immediately stopped publishing any dictionaries, and without any discussion, in a very short time (five months), created a

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Mother tongue "refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census." More detailed language figures are to be reported in December 2007. Statistics Canada (2007).

3823: 4210:

The letter щ represents two consonants . The combination of with some of the vowels is also represented by a single letter ( = я, = є, or = ї, = ю), while = йо and the rare regional = йи are written using two letters. These

2637:

perform regularly in tours across Europe, Israel, North America and especially Russia. In countries with significant Ukrainian populations, bands singing in the Ukrainian language sometimes reach top places on the charts, such as

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published in Austrian Galicia. During this period Galician influences were adopted in the Ukrainian literary language, particularly with respect to vocabulary involving law, government, technology, science, and administration.

2549:. His book was published in vernacular Ukrainian in a satirical way to avoid being censored, and is the earliest known Ukrainian published book to survive through Imperial and, later, Soviet policies on the Ukrainian language. 776:

assumed the existence of the common spoken language of Eastern Slavs only in prehistoric times. According to their point of view, the diversification of the Old East Slavic language took place in the 8th or early 9th century.

1040:

than with Russian or Church Slavonic. By the mid-17th century, the linguistic divergence between the Ukrainian and Russian languages had become so significant that there was a need for translators during negotiations for the

4309:

Spelling search, which began in the late 18th century with the emergence of modern literary language, led to the emergence of several spelling options. In particular, there was the spelling system of Oleksii Pavlovskyi, the

2199:. However, practice was often a different story: Ukrainian always had to compete with Russian, and the attitudes of the Soviet leadership towards Ukrainian varied from encouragement and tolerance to de facto banishment. 2778: 2313:

and advancement. The gains of the past, already largely reversed by the Stalin era, were offset by the liberal attitude towards the requirement to study the local languages (the requirement to study Russian remained).

6866: 4638:. In 1897, 93% of Ukrainians were classified as peasants. As a result, the Ukrainian language was mostly vernacular and few earlier literary works from the period can be found. In the cities, Ukrainian coexisted with 4360:

orthography of 1928 was adopted in accordance with the RNC resolution of 6 September 1928. It went down in history as "Kharkiv" or "Skrypnik orthography" – from the place of creation, or from the surname of Skrypnyk.

1287:

Novgorodian dialect and the common dialect spoken by the other Kievan Rus, whereas the modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages developed from the dialects which did not differ from each other in a significant way.

2553:

it was developed by Shevchenko and Kulish in the mid 19th century. In order to raise its status from that of a dialect to that of a language, various elements from folklore and traditional styles were added to it.

888:

During the 13th century, when German settlers were invited to Ukraine by the princes of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, German words began to appear in the language spoken in Ukraine. Their influence would continue under

817:'s phonological studies, which argue that specific features were already recognizable in the southern dialects of Old East Slavic (seen as ancestors to Ukrainian) as far back as these varieties can be documented. 4824:

Unlike all other Slavic languages, Ukrainian has a synthetic future (also termed inflectional future) tense which developed through the erosion and cliticization of the verb "to have" (or possibly "to take"):

2453:, 67.5% of the country's population named Ukrainian as their native language (a 2.8% increase from 1989), while 29.6% named Russian (a 3.2% decrease). For many Ukrainians (of various ethnic origins), the term 5443:

Die ruthenische Schriftsprache bei Ivan Uževyč unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seines Gesprächsbuchs Rozmova/Besěda: Mit Wörterverzeichnis und Indizes zu seinem ruthenischen und kirchenslavischen Gesamtwerk

2352:, purged the local party, was fierce in suppressing dissent, and insisted Russian be spoken at all official functions, even at local levels. His policy of Russification was lessened only slightly after 1985. 1194: 2394:

The Russian language was the dominant vehicle, not just of government function, but of the media, commerce, and modernity itself. This was substantially less the case for western Ukraine, which escaped the

2973:

Oblasts. No linguistic border can be defined. The vocabulary approaches Russian as the language approaches the Russian Federation. Both Ukrainian and Russian grammar sets can be applied to this dialect.

2759: 4001:(following a vowel and preceding a consonant (cluster), either within a word or at a word boundary, it denotes the allophone , and like the off-glide in the English words "flow" and "cow", it forms a 569: 1241:. Russian theorists tend to amalgamate Rus' to the modern nation of Russia, and call this linguistic era Old Russian. However, according to Russian linguist Andrey Zaliznyak (2012), people from the 1394:

Empire. Most of the remaining Ukrainian schools also switched to Polish or Russian in the territories controlled by these respective countries, which was followed by a new wave of Polonization and

2210:

had rights to declare additional state languages within their jurisdictions. Still it was implicitly understood in the hopes of minority nations that Ukrainian would be used in the Ukrainian SSR,

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for the language. Many writers published works in the Romantic tradition of Europe demonstrating that Ukrainian was not merely a language of the village but suitable for literary pursuits.

1522:

For much of the 19th century the Austrian authorities demonstrated some preference for Polish culture, but the Ukrainians were relatively free to partake in their own cultural pursuits in

9553: 7626: 1569:

of 1897 the following picture emerged, with Ukrainian being the second most spoken language of the Russian Empire. According to the Imperial census's terminology, the Russian language (

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of the native nobility. Gradually the official language of Ukrainian provinces under Poland was changed to Polish, while the upper classes in the Russian part of Ukraine used Russian.

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Although Ukrainian still remained the native language for the majority in the nation on the eve of Ukrainian independence, a significant share of ethnic Ukrainians were russified. In

5737: 6768: 4749:

The Ukrainian language, in common with Czech, Slovak, Upper Sorbian, Belarusian and southern Russian dialects, has changed the Common Slavic "g" into an "h" sound (for example,

2730: 870:, the appearance of the voiced fricative γ/г (romanized "h"), in modern Ukrainian and some southern Russian dialects is explained by the assumption that it initially emerged in 5788:Эдельман Д. И. К происхождению ирано-славянских диахронических паралелей // Славянская языковая и этноязыковая системы в контакте с неславянским окружением. М., 2002. С. 76—77. 5297: 4456:

with the standard Russian language which is based on the dialect of Moscow. Many people intentionally do or do not use them, causing their language shift into what is known as

6905: 6858: 2588:

Russian is the prevalent language in most large and some small cities. According to the Ukrainian Census of 2001, 87.8% of people living in Ukraine were fluent in Ukrainian.

5148: 6565: 4901:

Vsi lyudy narodzhuyut'sya vil'nymy i rivnymy u svoyiy hidnosti ta pravakh. Vony nadileni rozumom i sovistyu i povynni diyaty u vidnoshenni odyn do odnoho v dusi braterstva.

5877:

Yaroslav Hrytsak. "On Sails and Gales, and Ships Driving in Various Directions: Post-Soviet Ukraine as a Test Case for the Meso-Area Concept". In: Kimitaka Matsuzato ed.

4794:, in which syllables may last different amounts of time, but there is perceived to be a fairly constant amount of time (on average) between consecutive stressed syllables. 2163:(then part of the Russian Empire), at the time the largest city in the territory of current Ukraine, only 5.6% of the population said Ukrainian was their native language. 7705: 4914:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

1319:

that formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a significant part of Ukrainian territory was moved from Lithuanian rule to Polish administration, resulting in cultural

4367:(about 40,000 words), agreed with the full spelling produced by the State Spelling Commission and approved by the People's Commissar for Education (6 September 1928). 2280:

While Russian was a de facto official language of the Soviet Union in all but formal name, all national languages were proclaimed equal. The name and denomination of

1541:

in 1918, Ukrainians were ready to openly develop a body of national literature, institute a Ukrainian-language educational system, and form an independent state (the

6355:"It was during this period that elites on both sides of the border began to apply the term Ukrainian to the varieties formerly called Ruthenian and Little Russian." 4646:

that evolved from Old Church Slavonic—and later Polish and Russian, both languages which were more often used in formal writing and communication during that time.

5648: 4884:Всі люди народжуються вільними і рівними у своїй гідності та правах. Вони наділені розумом і совістю і повинні діяти у відношенні один до одного в дусі братерства. 3411:, where many Ukrainians have migrated. Canada and the United States are also home to a large Ukrainian population. Broken up by country (to the nearest thousand): 2651: 1369:, was the most important. At that time languages were associated more with religions: Catholics spoke Polish, and members of the Orthodox church spoke Ruthenian. 1102:, mid-11th to 14th c., conventional end date 1387), elements of phonology are deduced from written texts mainly in Church Slavic. Part of broader Old East Slavic. 2853: 7580: 4223:

is used to indicate the hardness of the sound in the cases when normally the vowel would change the consonant to soft; in other words, it functions like the

2783: 6348: 6227: 2735: 3391:, the United States, and several countries of South America like Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. The founders of this population primarily emigrated from 5244:. (Routledge). pp. 60–121. p. 60: " distinction between dialect and language being blurred, there can be no unanimity on this issue in all instances..." 7518: 6141: 2459:

may not necessarily associate with the language they use more frequently. The overwhelming majority of ethnic Ukrainians consider the Ukrainian language

7595: 9437: 801: 797: 715:. By the 18th century, Ruthenian diverged into regional variants, and the modern Ukrainian language developed in the territory of present-day Ukraine. 5856: 2206:

in the Soviet Union until the very end when it was proclaimed in 1990 that Russian language was the all-Union state language and that the constituent

789:

Kievan Rus', whereas the modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages developed from dialects which did not differ from each other in a significant way.

5118: 9156: 5544: 5212: 7953: 2328:

The number of students in Russian-language in Ukraine schools was constantly increasing, from 14 percent in 1939 to more than 30 percent in 1962.

1335:. Most of the educational system was gradually Polonized. In Ruthenia, the language of administrative documents gradually shifted towards Polish. 4771:

The Ukrainian language, in common with Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, and Slovene, has simplified the Common Slavic

11356: 10736: 10588: 10272: 9484: 6451: 4622:

The separation of the East Slavic languages is considered to be relatively recent. In the 19th century, the question of whether the Ukrainian,

4388:). The new version was approved on 14 November 1989, and published in 1990. The main achievements were the restoration of the letter ґ and the 3767:

Ukrainian case endings are somewhat different from Old East Slavic, and the vocabulary includes a large overlay of Polish terminology. Russian

7618: 11371: 10844: 6737: 5591: 5170: 4678:

In the Russian language the vocative case has been almost entirely replaced by the nominative (except for a handful of vestigial forms, e.g.

963:. The influence of the latter gradually increased relative to the former two, as the nobility and rural large-landowning class, known as the 8242: 6930: 2858: 10160: 5723: 4975: 7749: 6112: 813:

migration of the population within the territory of today's Ukraine in later historical periods. This point of view was also supported by

10077: 6760: 6599: 5505: 8254: 6708: 3180:

along the southern side of the Carpathian Mountains, and in the southeast of modern Poland, along the northern sides of the Carpathians.

2446:

one that is overwhelmingly so. The government has also mandated a progressively increased role for Ukrainian in the media and commerce.

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p.97: "...а також і дльа неукрајінських читачів, котрим не можна давати книги на украјінськіј мові, поки не буде словника тіјејі мови."

4460:, where the meaning of some words mimicking Russian could be understood out of context rather than their literal meaning in Ukrainian. 1017:

words, particularly those involving military matters and steppe industry, being adopted into the Ukrainian language. Examples include

842: 7402:

Kokaisl, Petr; Štolfová, Andrea; Fajfrlíková, Pavla; Němcová, Veronika; Zychová, Jana; Cejpová, Irena; et al. (11 January 2023).

1139:, mid-16th to early 18th c., 1575–1720), represented by several vernacular language varieties as well as a version of Church Slavonic. 11314: 8178: 2300:

After the death of Stalin (1953), a general policy of relaxing the language policies of the past was implemented (1958 to 1963). The

6379: 9253: 8526: 6891: 2647: 11301:

In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.

8260: 7298: 7170: 6510: 6074: 6043: 5140: 4196:

in Soviet Ukraine. But the policy was reversed in the 1930s, and the Soviet Ukrainian orthography diverged from that used by the

2222:

in all parts of the Soviet Union and a special term, "a language of inter-ethnic communication", was coined to denote its status.

10014: 9602: 8060:

Nimchuk, Vasyl'. Періодизація як напрямок дослідження генези та історії української мови. Мовознавство. 1997.- Ч.6.-С.3–14; 1998.

6802: 6560: 5998:(in Ukrainian). Translated by Сергій Вакуленко; Andrii Danylenko. Kharkiv: Науковедение Видавництво «ACTA», Акта. p. 54–55. 5332: 647: 427: 91: 4318:(produced in Kyiv in the 1870s by a group of cultural figures led by linguist P. Zhytetskyi, which included and M. Drahomanov), 3460: 2481:

was approved by the parliament, formalizing rules governing the usage of the language and introducing penalties for violations.

9695: 9447: 9151: 7856:

Dialog der Sprachen, Dialog der Kulturen. Die Ukraine aus Globaler Sicht: V. Internationale Virtuelle Konferenz der Ukrainistik

7697: 3664: 3268:

Oblasts. Its distinguishing characteristics are the influence of Polish and the German vocabulary, which is reminiscent of the

3009:

in Belarus. The dialect spoken in Belarus uses Belarusian grammar and thus is considered by some to be a dialect of Belarusian.

2639: 2621:

Ukrainian has become popular in other countries through movies and songs performed in the Ukrainian language. The most popular

2579:

The use of the Ukrainian language is increasing after a long period of decline. Although there are almost fifty million ethnic

2361: 1410: 63: 5771:Майоров А.В. Великая Хорватия: Этногенез и ранняя история славян Прикарпатского региона. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петерб. ун-та, 2006. 4820:(під, 'under'). This also includes place names such as Lviv (Львів in Ukrainian), Lwów in Polish, and Львов (Lvov) in Russian. 4412:

second half of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century has already become part of the Ukrainian orthographic tradition.

1401:

During the 19th century, a revival of Ukrainian self-identification manifested in the literary classes of both Russian-Empire

8017: 7413: 7271: 6691: 6660: 6581: 5556: 5487: 4876: 2496:

of the 18th century to the present what in Ukraine is known as "Modern Ukrainian", but elsewhere is known as just Ukrainian.

2407:. And this region became the center of a hearty, if only partial, renaissance of the Ukrainian language during independence. 897:

Jews. Often such words involve trade or handicrafts. Examples of words of German or Yiddish origin spoken in Ukraine include

6622: 5415: 4689:

The Ukrainian language, in common with all Slavic languages other than Russian, Slovak and Slovene, has retained the Common

4599: 10231: 9702: 7644: 6966: 6536: 2325:

parents to send their children to Russian-language schools, even though Ukrainian-language schools were usually available.

1237:. Some theorists see an early Ukrainian stage in language development here, calling it Old Ruthenian; others term this era 431: 70: 9633: 9422: 9400: 6324: 6188: 3484: 1546: 1233:

880–1240) is the subject of some linguistic controversy, as the language of much of the literature was purely or heavily

796:

denies the existence of a common Old East Slavic language at any time in the past. Similar points of view were shared by

547: 44: 7380: 5640: 5540: 1028:

Because of the substantial number of loanwords from Polish, German, Czech and Latin, early modern vernacular Ukrainian (

10729: 10581: 10265: 9565: 9512: 9479: 9474: 9341: 9011: 6810: 5674: 970: 967:, was largely Polish-speaking. Documents soon took on many Polish characteristics superimposed on Ruthenian phonetics. 712: 8205: 8109: 4756:

The Ukrainian language, in common with some northern Russian and Croatian dialects, has transformed the Common Slavic

10837: 10236: 9758: 9582: 9326: 9029: 8166: 8143: 8132: 8099: 8079: 8050: 7999: 7989: 7354: 7328: 7248: 7222: 7196: 7144: 7059: 7033: 7007: 6003: 5959: 5776: 5700: 5612: 5585: 5409: 4968: 4797:

The Ukrainian language, in common with all modern Slavic languages other than Bulgarian and Macedonian, does not use

936: 651: 110: 7085: 5305: 2391:

there were no Ukrainian language schools and in Kyiv only a quarter of children went to Ukrainian language schools.

77: 10153: 9558: 8212: 7901:

Andrii Danylenko. "Is There Any Inflectional Future in East Slavic? A Case of Ukrainian against Romance Reopened."

6472: 6428: 6270: 5525: 5370: 3027:

Literary Ukrainian. It is spoken in the central part of Ukraine, primarily in the southern and eastern part of the

5820: 1083:, until the mid-11th century), with no extant written sources by speakers in Ukraine. Corresponding to aspects of 9865: 9331: 8384: 8327: 8221: 6345: 6215: 2523:. The earliest literary work in the Ukrainian language was recorded in 1798 when Kotlyarevsky, a playwright from 1272: 537: 4376:

spelling was approved by the resolution of the People's Commissar of Education of the USSR of 5 September 1933.

11366: 10358: 9925: 9915: 9390: 8303: 8195: 7867: 4693:

of the velars *k, *g and *x in front of the secondary vowel *ě of the dative and locative ending in the female

4619:

with high levels of mutual intelligibility. Ukrainian is considered to be most closely related to Belarusian.

2802: 1542: 59: 48: 7515: 6138: 5447: 5250:(Elsevier). p. 311, "In terms of immediate mutual intelligibility, the East Slavic zone is a single language." 11351: 10722: 10574: 10555: 10258: 9763: 9592: 9385: 6829: 4408: 4372: 4296: 4180: 3426:

Ukrainian is declaratively proclaimed as one of three official languages of the breakaway Moldovan region of

3077:

dialect is spoken in southern and southeastern Ukraine. This dialect was originally the main language of the

2285: 460: 6734:"About number and composition population of Kiev Region by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001" 2441:

campaign that followed Ukraine's independence. Since 2012 the signs have been in both Ukrainian and English.

478: 11304: 10830: 10413: 10407: 9877: 9835: 9809: 9673: 9663: 9587: 9432: 9417: 9246: 9146: 7698:"The Ministry of Education and Science explained why they changed the Ukrainian spelling. Law and Business" 6679: 5853: 5475: 4690: 875: 739: 252: 5954:. Historical Phonology of the Slavic Languages. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter. pp. 40–41. 3998: 3994: 3956: 3934: 3925:, which comes from northern dialects of Old East Slavic. The Ukrainian alphabet has the additional letter 3922: 3918: 3914: 3902: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3652: 3566: 1271:

principalities. At the same time as evidenced by contemporary chronicles, the ruling princes and kings of

435: 11346: 11341: 10425: 10146: 9787: 9570: 9494: 9141: 8769: 8336: 8071: 7923: 6167: 3982:

Another phonetic divergence between the Ukrainian and Russian languages is the pronunciation of Cyrillic

3500: 2466:

According to the official 2001 census data, 92.3% of Kyiv region population responded "Ukrainian" to the

2252: 1538: 1312: 1264: 727:. Even so, the language continued to see use throughout the country, and remained particularly strong in 422: 257: 4847:

a determined imperfective LCS *jęti: *jĭmǫ 'to take' (later superseded by numerous prefixed perfectives)

3771:'on the first floor' is in the locative (prepositional) case. The Ukrainian corresponding expression is 1432:

was arrested, exiled for ten years, and banned for political reasons from writing and painting. In 1862

11361: 11245: 10527: 10009: 9842: 9748: 9707: 9597: 9412: 9176: 8614: 7945: 7541: 6573: 4985: 4344: 3860: 3333:) region of Slovakia, as well as by some émigré communities, primarily in the United States of America. 2499:

Influential literary figures in the development of modern Ukrainian literature include the philosopher

2364:

was more fierce and thorough than in other parts of the Soviet Union. As a result, at the start of the

1872: 1311:

After the fall of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, Ukrainians mainly fell under the rule of Lithuania and then

1165:, from 1818), the vernacular recognized first in literature, and subsequently all other written genres. 5327: 4730:

The Ukrainian language, along with Russian and Belarusian, has changed the Common Slavic word-initial

10215: 9575: 9548: 8933: 8296: 5865: 4889: 4808:

in closed syllables, i.e., syllables ending in a consonant, in many cases corresponds to a Ukrainian

4269: 3456: 3353: 3345: 3133: 1268: 1148:, rest of the 18th c., 1720–1818), found in many mixed Ukrainian–Russian and Russian–Ukrainian texts. 1130:, 15th to mid-16th c., 1387–1575), analysis focuses on distinguishing Ukrainian and Belarusian texts. 304: 7674: 6448: 6401:"The Fate of the "Ruthenian or Little Russian" (Ukrainian) Language in Austrian Galicia (1772–1867)" 5085: 2710:

The 2010s saw a revival of Ukrainian cinema. The top Ukrainian-language films (by IMDb rating) are:

719:

saw the Ukrainian language banned as a subject from schools and as a language of instruction in the

11238: 11162: 11155: 9839: 9380: 9336: 8973: 8266:

The official Ukrainian Orthography (2012), published by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

6683: 5578:

Lexikon der Sprachen des europäischen Ostens (Wieser-Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens, vol. 10)

5517: 5479: 4654:

The Ukrainian language has the following similarities and differences with other Slavic languages:

4639: 4279: 3899: 3392: 3303: 2634: 2320: 1406: 948: 700: 520: 267: 6733: 5570: 5178: 11209: 11188: 11169: 11073: 10913: 10906: 10511: 10049: 9892: 9860: 9829: 9668: 9638: 9522: 9239: 9034: 8951: 8879: 8670: 8627: 8343: 8239: 7598:[Ukrainian is officially the co-official language of the municipality of Prudentópolis]. 6893:Сімнадцяте загальнонаціональне опитування: Ідентичність. Патріотизм. Цінності (17–18 серпня 2022) 6705:"About number and composition population of UKRAINE by All-Ukrainian population census 2001 data" 5259: 4995: 3595: 3580: 2450: 1210:

Percentage of people with Ukrainian as their native language according to 2001 census (by region)

620: 210: 37: 7836:

J. B. Rudnyckyj. (1963) . The Position of the Ukrainian Language among the Slavic languages. In

7756: 5266:

and Ukrainian languages was significant and that it could be compared to the difference between

84: 11202: 11195: 10951: 10323: 10318: 10084: 9920: 9870: 8871: 8804: 8799: 8764: 8723: 8494: 6365: 6116: 5513: 4608: 3296: 3265: 3155: 3147: 3129: 2536: 2349: 1512: 1056:

By the 18th century, Ruthenian had diverged into regional variants, developing into the modern

678: 659: 382: 215: 6675: 6596: 5502: 5471: 4850:

an indetermined imperfective LCS *jĭmati: jemljǫ 'to take' (which would not take any prefixes)

2567:

Law of Ukraine "On supporting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the State language"

2479:

law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language"

1549:). During this brief independent statehood the stature and use of Ukrainian greatly improved. 1283:"), and Galicia–Volhynia has alternately been called the Principality or Kingdom of Ruthenia. 11177: 10811: 10703: 10682: 10024: 9887: 9804: 9658: 9462: 9064: 9018: 8943: 8921: 8836: 8825: 8633: 8605: 8584: 8395: 8350: 8042: 6704: 5287: 5208: 4798: 4715:

The Ukrainian language, in common with Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, has developed the ending -

4616: 4452:

The standard Ukrainian language which is based on the Kyiv–Poltava dialect has a plethora of

4404: 4290: 4234: 3496: 3416: 2512: 2043: 1566: 1485: 1304: 1234: 1177: 1037: 671: 616: 526: 262: 225: 7435: 7110: 3319:

of the Bačka dialect is one of the official languages of the Serbian Autonomous Province of

11019: 10926: 10745: 10597: 10461: 10281: 10019: 9972: 9882: 9799: 9773: 9685: 9678: 9648: 9536: 9370: 9353: 9321: 9080: 8574: 8544: 8503: 8423: 8063: 6562:

Soviet Nationality Policy, Urban Growth, and Identity Change in the Ukrainian SSR 1923–1934

5015:

In standard written Slovak, the vocative case is still retained in some common words, like

4980: 4233:

The phonemes and do not have dedicated letters in the alphabet and are rendered with the

3103: 3078: 2836: 2490: 1373: 1260: 1042: 785: 3367: 1454:

that "there never has been, is not, and never can be a separate Little Russian language".

8: 11027: 10853: 10657: 10611: 10205: 10089: 9897: 9824: 9819: 9621: 9607: 9469: 9181: 9090: 8889: 8856: 8757: 8747: 8716: 8516: 8403: 8366: 8355: 8034: 6469:"XII. СКОРПІОНИ НА УКРАЇНСЬКЕ СЛОВО. Іван Огієнко. Історія української літературної мови" 5882: 5548: 4623: 3816: 3672: 3492: 3442: 3434: 3422:

Canada 200,525 (67,665 spoken at home in 2001, 148,000 spoken as "mother tongue" in 2001)

3191: 3146:

on the northern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in the extreme southern parts of the

2689:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2655: 2630: 2195:, the Ukrainian language held the formal position of the principal local language in the 2081: 2005: 1967: 1948: 1505: 1363: 1356: 1057: 952: 793: 663: 8175: 7082:"ІЗБОРНИК. Історія України IX-XVIII ст. Першоджерела та інтерпретації. Нульова сторінка" 6896:[Seventeenth National Survey: Identity. Patriotism. Values (17–18 August 2022)] 6385: 1461:

is known since 1187, it was not applied to the language until the mid-19th century. The

11232: 11068: 11012: 10966: 10775: 10393: 10363: 10300: 10210: 10188: 10113: 10072: 10004: 9907: 9852: 9768: 9743: 9721: 9517: 9442: 9271: 8752: 8689: 8664: 8511: 8477: 8472: 8432: 7405:

In the footsteps of the Rusyns in Europe: Ukraine, Slovakia, Serbia, Poland and Hungary

7302: 7166: 6506: 6420: 6262: 5879:

Emerging meso-areas in the former socialist countries: histories revived or improvised?

5362: 4960: 4863: 4197: 4049: 3864: 3695: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3588: 3562: 3515: 3408: 3388: 2953:

as well as in the adjacent areas of Russia, which include the southwestern part of the

2893: 2500: 2306: 2062: 1534: 1493: 1220: 1189: 1118: 1046: 956: 773: 704: 681: 667: 635: 611: 378: 337: 315: 299: 272: 144: 10402: 9166: 7687:(за нормами Українського правопису Всеукраїнської Академії Наук, Харків, 1929 р.) 5322: 5276:

Slaverna och världskriget. Reseminnen och intryck från Karpaterna till Balkan 1915–16.

4833:. Although the inflectional future (based on the verb 'to have') is characteristic of 762: 511: 11139: 11053: 10759: 10652: 10470: 10456: 10451: 10418: 10335: 10200: 10193: 9947: 9942: 9930: 9814: 9753: 9733: 9452: 9363: 9201: 9191: 9052: 8968: 8906: 8809: 8791: 8774: 8731: 8705: 8651: 8646: 8569: 8534: 8453: 8376: 8270: 8162: 8128: 8095: 8075: 8046: 8013: 7985: 7461: 7409: 6806: 6794: 6687: 6656: 6577: 6412: 5999: 5955: 5921: 5844: 5772: 5729: 5581: 5552: 5521: 5483: 5405: 5114: 4990: 4834: 4353: 3699: 3688: 3668: 3626: 3603: 3547: 3527: 3480: 3474: 3363: 3247: 3243: 3203: 3151: 3024: 2611: 2508: 2504: 2365: 2301: 1377: 1360: 1343: 1242: 940: 871: 769: 643: 342: 8553: 5111:"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)" 2571: 1169:

Ukraine annually marks the Day of Ukrainian Writing and Language on 9 November, the

543: 11279: 11269: 11217: 11149: 11134: 11114: 11083: 11001: 10946: 10941: 10931: 10867: 10790: 10616: 10486: 10122: 10094: 10039: 10034: 10029: 9848: 9358: 9346: 9186: 9122: 8926: 8640: 8591: 8579: 8564: 8443: 8438: 8319: 8265: 7859: 7596:"Língua Ucraniana é oficialmente a Língua Co-oficial do município de Prudentópolis" 7570:, edited by Ann Lencyk Pawliczko, University of Toronto Press: Toronto, pp. 443–454 6080: 6049: 6017: 5973: 5929: 5267: 5263: 4859: 4663: 4659: 4627: 4612: 4385: 4333: 3910: 3584: 3269: 3187: 2942: 2607: 2438: 2231: 2207: 1891: 1557: 1469: 1429: 1381: 1351: 1170: 1050: 1014: 781: 655: 220: 8240:

Dialects of Ukrainian Language / Narzecza Języka Ukraińskiego by Wł. Kuraszkiewicz

7816:(The Linguasphere Observatory), Volume Two, pg. 442: "53-AAA-e, Russkiy+Ukrainska" 7621:[Prudentópolis made the Ukrainian language official in the municipality]. 7275: 5762:в славянском языке // Проблемы индоевропейского языкознания. М., 1964. С. 115—121. 3438: 3173: 2288:. On this 1961 1 Rbl note, the Ukrainian for "one rouble", один карбованець ( 11284: 11264: 11222: 11144: 11129: 11119: 11093: 11040: 10981: 10976: 10961: 10956: 10936: 10900: 10890: 10785: 10780: 10662: 10466: 10430: 10398: 10373: 10368: 10330: 9999: 9937: 9643: 9395: 9206: 9004: 8963: 8956: 8710: 8700: 8675: 8658: 8448: 8416: 8371: 8361: 8246: 8225: 8199: 8182: 8147: 8113: 8007: 7684: 7522: 6956: 6626: 6607: 6603: 6569: 6455: 6352: 6145: 6066: 6035: 6009: 5991: 5965: 5947: 5860: 5509: 5399: 5395: 5310:

lexical distance Ukrainian-Polish: 26–35, Ukrainian-Bulgarian: 26–35, (...) 36–50

5271: 4946: 4723:

for "we walk"). In all cases, it resulted from lengthening of the Common Slavic -

4635: 4327: 4311: 4201: 4185: 4167: 4037: 3733: 3261: 3229: 3225: 3207: 3199: 3066: 3062: 3032: 2984: 2970: 2966: 2819: 2455: 1853: 1834: 1689: 1458: 1451: 1433: 1402: 1339: 1316: 1238: 1084: 960: 814: 728: 688: 674: 639: 333: 202: 192: 7640: 6532: 6090: 4188:) was officially established at a 1927 international Orthographic Conference in 4005:

with the preceding vowel). Native Russian speakers will pronounce the Ukrainian

3278:

is spoken in the border area between Ukraine and Poland in the San river valley.

1428:

In 1847 the Brotherhood of St Cyril and Methodius was terminated. The same year

1206: 11182: 11088: 11078: 11063: 11058: 11048: 11033: 10991: 10895: 10885: 10635: 10387: 10383: 10127: 10062: 9952: 9690: 9653: 9405: 9375: 9316: 9221: 9196: 8989: 8911: 8901: 8844: 8622: 8559: 8462: 8154: 6859:"Seventeenth National Survey: Identity. Patriotism. Values (17–18 August 2022)" 4932: 4893: 4207:

was banned in the Soviet Union from 1933 until the period of Glasnost in 1990.

4036:

Unlike Russian and most other modern Slavic languages, Ukrainian does not have

3396: 3316: 3285: 3095: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3036: 2954: 2898: 2643: 2622: 2520: 2474:) census question, compared with 88.4% in 1989, and 7.2% responded "Russian". 2419:

Fluency in Ukrainian (purple column) and Russian (blue column) in 1989 and 2001

2211: 2203: 2184: 2119: 1986: 1621: 1589: 1574: 1347: 1332: 1226: 1061: 1010: 720: 696: 624: 390: 326: 187: 165: 8140: 6346:

https://www.husj.harvard.edu/articles/the-battle-for-ukrainian-an-introduction

6318: 6182: 5696: 5177:. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Archived from 4230:

A consonant letter is doubled to indicate that the sound is doubled, or long.

2276: 838: 11335: 11227: 11124: 11006: 10986: 10921: 10687: 10667: 10491: 10481: 10377: 9489: 9171: 9161: 8861: 8737: 8482: 8408: 7727: 7376: 6648: 6416: 5925: 4667: 4389: 4193: 3741: 3676: 3615: 3551: 3169: 2337: 2281: 2219: 2196: 2138: 1584:

The following table shows the distribution of settlement by native language (

1578: 1447: 1395: 1346:

to Polish. As the Ukrainian language developed further, some borrowings from

1290: 1033: 716: 8275: 8006:

Jakubowski, A.; Miszczuk, A.; Kawałko, B.; Komornicki, T.; Szul, R. (2016).

6793:

Shevelov, George (1981). "Evolution of the Ukrainian Literary Language". In

6021: 6013: 5977: 5969: 5933: 5670: 3828:

The poem "Gleams of Thunderstorm" by Emma Andijewska being read in Ukrainian

11288: 11274: 10996: 10971: 8779: 8106: 7863: 6320:

The Making of Modern Ukraine. Class 22. Ukrainian Ideas in the 21st Century

6251:"The Development of a Little Russian Identity and Ukrainian Nationbuilding" 5733: 5503:

Purism and Language: A Study in Modem Ukrainian and Belorussian Nationalism

4453: 4315: 4275: 4257: 3783:

are common in dialect and poetry, and allowed by the standards bodies. The

3630: 3619: 3488: 3427: 3289:

is considered by Ukrainian linguists to be a dialect of Ukrainian as well:

3221: 3217: 3195: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2962: 2384:), Ukraine under Shcherbytsky was slower to liberalize than Russia itself. 1910: 1768: 1711: 1366: 1324: 1320: 1199: 809: 805: 724: 708: 7350: 7324: 7244: 7218: 7192: 7140: 7055: 7029: 7003: 6084: 6053: 5608: 5073: 3088:

dialect related to or based on the Steppe dialect is often referred to as

1295: 495: 309: 10475: 9301: 9108: 9095: 7814:

The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities

7081: 6070: 6039: 5609:"Григорій Півторак. Походження українців, росіян, білорусів та їхніх мов" 4319: 3728:

can re-appear when it is no longer located in a closed syllable, such as

3384: 3257: 3125: 3050: 3028: 2980: 2950: 2946: 2575:

Ukrainian language traffic sign for the Ivan Franko Museum in Kryvorivnia

2516: 2433: 2400: 2369: 1437: 867: 743:

A schematic depiction according to genetic studies by Alena Kushniarevich

692: 8849: 8009:

The EU's New Borderland: Cross-border relations and regional development

6468: 6424: 6266: 6250: 5366: 5350: 3272:

rule. Some of the distinct words used in this dialect can be found here.

2871: 2847: 2830: 2813: 2796: 2772: 2748: 2240: 2175: 935:

In the 13th century, eastern parts of Rus (including Moscow) came under

10714: 10566: 10250: 10067: 10057: 9992: 9457: 9306: 9291: 9045: 9024: 8916: 8124: 6400: 6302: 6184:

The Making of Modern Ukraine. Class 21. Comparative Russian Imperialism

5816: 5541:

Contested Tongues: Language Politics and Cultural Correction in Ukraine

5078: 4694: 4220: 3960: 3702: 3684: 3611: 3607: 3535: 3531: 3519: 3508: 3504: 2626: 2580: 2428: 2192: 1796: 1641: 1497: 1280: 859: 628: 175: 10822: 8218: 5201:"Русский союз Латвии будет сотрудничать с партией Социалистов Молдовы" 3039:, and Kyiv regions are considered to be close to "standard" Ukrainian. 10672: 10138: 9427: 9286: 9070: 8896: 8884: 6533:"Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей" 5909: 4791: 4790:

The Ukrainian language, in common with the most of Slavic ones, is a

4216: 4002: 3577: 3401: 3320: 3256:(Kresy) is considered to be the main Galician dialect, spoken in the 2884:

Russian, Czech, Polish, Romani, Greek, Romanian, Hungarian, German).

2528: 2404: 2396: 2215: 1594: 1523: 1462: 1173: 863: 855: 585: 581: 504: 488: 470: 452: 7851: 5175:

Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

5141:"National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic" 3712:

in syllables ending in a consonant, often correspond to a Ukrainian

3246:

of Ukraine. This dialect has some distinct vocabulary borrowed from

26: 10532: 9231: 9115: 9039: 8997: 8288: 8192: 8092:

The origin of Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians and their languages

8005: 6096: 5441: 4954: 4940: 4697:, resulting in the final sequences -cě, -zě, and -sě. For example, 4643: 3680: 3555: 3539: 3330: 3177: 3090: 2958: 2373: 1815: 1730: 1527: 1516: 964: 555: 414: 294: 6833: 3967:. For example, loanwords from English on public signs usually use 3233: 2423: 2179:

A Ukrainian-language poster reading "The social foundation of the

10537: 10435: 9987: 9982: 9967: 9962: 9262: 9102: 9058: 7401: 6449:

https://diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/7615/file.pdf

5634: 5632: 5630: 4457: 4447: 4212: 4189: 4171: 3779:

is the standard locative (prepositional) ending, but variants in

3349: 3312: 3143: 2925: 2642:(a band from Poland). Other notable Ukrainian-language bands are 2524: 2388: 1929: 1749: 1300: 894: 846: 820: 551: 406: 398: 394: 386: 374: 359: 155: 7619:"Prudentópolis tornou a Língua Ucraniana cooficial no Município" 6931:"Ми стоїмо біля витоків відродження українського кіно – Сумська" 2945:(excluding the southeastern districts), in the northern part of 2598:), up from 57% in July 2012, including 30% of Russian speakers. 9977: 9311: 5896:

On the Historical Beginnings of Eastern Slavic Europe: Readings

5472:

Eternal Russia: Yeltsin, Gorbachev, and the Mirage of Democracy

4301: 3656: 3570: 3543: 3433:

Ukrainian is widely spoken within the 400,000-strong (in 1994)

3366:

languages in the village of Valea Vișeului (Vyshivska Dolyna),

3308: 3165: 2545: 2540: 1442: 1425:

of the Russian government, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was closed.

1252:

until the 14th century; earlier Novgorodians reserved the term

1006: 890: 410: 402: 7915: 7890:

The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide

6676:

Eternal Russia:Yeltsin, Gorbachev, and the Mirage of Democracy

5627: 1338:

Polish has had heavy influences on Ukrainian (particularly in

854:

As a result of close Slavic contacts with the remnants of the

9296: 7535: 3917:. Russian speakers from Ukraine often use the soft Ukrainian 3507:

are common due to the free word order enabled by Ukrainian's

3358: 3121: 3099: 2659: 2305:

the Ukrainian language during the Khrushchev era, as well as

2160: 2100: 2024: 1660: 974: 973:

rule and education also involved significant exposure to the

7903:

Journal of the Slavic Research Center at Hokkaido University

7537: 6139:

Contours and Consequences of the Lexical Divide in Ukrainian

4009:

as , which is one way to tell the two groups apart. As with

3859:

A number of the consonants come in three forms: hard, soft (

839:

The Ukrainian language in the graffiti of St. Sophia of Kiev

707:, where it became an official language, before a process of 7982:

Contrastive Topology of the English and Ukrainian Languages

6992:. habilitation thesis, Ukrainian Free University in Munich. 6961: 6069:, "Standard Ukrainian", in Roman Senkus; Oleh Havrylyshyn; 6038:, "Ukrainian language", in Roman Senkus; Oleh Havrylyshyn; 5910:"On the dialectal basis of the Ruthenian literary language" 2180: 944: 7030:"Інтерактивна мапа говорів. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 6202:

in character, not in every context of those relationships.

5351:"The Ruthenian Language of Meletij Smotryc'kyj: Phonology" 4649: 3985: 3928: 2415: 1417:, as a self-appellation for the nation of Ukrainians, and 1291:

Under Lithuania/Poland, Muscovy/Russia and Austria-Hungary

930: 874:

and related eastern Iranian dialects, from earlier common

554:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

439: 7325:"Південно-західне наріччя. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 6107: 6105: 5806:(1963). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 490–500 4853:

an imperfective LCS *jĭměti: *jĭmamĭ 'to hold, own, have'

4666:, the Ukrainian language has preserved the Common Slavic 4322:(system of Yevhen Zhelekhovskyi (1886), enshrined in the 4224: 1472:'s book from 1849, listed there as a variant name of the 1446:

was discontinued. In 1863, the tsarist interior minister

1153:

Modern Ukrainian (MoU, from the very end of the 18th c.,

7193:"Південно-східне наріччя. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 7141:"Середньополіський говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 6805:(CIUS) Press (University of Alberta). pp. 221–225. 6728: 6726: 3124:

on the northern side of the Carpathian Mountains in the

1413:

in Kyiv applied an old word for the Cossack motherland,

6487: 5580:. Klagenfurt/Celovec: Wieser Verlag. pp. 535–549. 3132:

Oblasts. It can also be heard across the border in the

2593: 893:

not only through German colonists but also through the

601: 6102: 5817:"Лаврентій Зизаній. "Лексис". Синоніма славеноросская" 5802:

History of the Ukrainian Language. R. Smal-Stocky. In

3724:(під, 'under'). Thus, in the declension of nouns, the 2317:

not the "oppression" or "persecution", but rather the

7858:(in Ukrainian). München: Open Publishing LMU: 76–85. 7728:"Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови" 6723: 5697:"Юрій Шевельов. Історична фонологія української мови" 4705:

in Ukrainian. In Russian, the dative and locative of

4336:

used some corrections in the fundamental four-volume

2183:

is an unbreakable union of the workers, peasants and

10625: 8261:

Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Ukrainian language

8088:Походження українців, росіян, білорусів та їхніх мов 7882: 7840:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 445–448. 7793:Bernard Comrie and Greville G. Corbett, ed. 1993. 7562:

Oksana Boruszenko and Rev. Danyil Kozlinsky (1994).

7219:"Слобожанський говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 7004:"Діалект. Діалектизм. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 6625:. Legal-ussr.narod.ru. 24 April 1990. Archived from 5671:"Мова (В.В.Німчук). 1. Історія української культури" 4922: 4838: 4392:(in Soviet times it was optional and was called the 1577:'), what is known as Russian today (Великорусскій, ' 7916:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Ukrainian" 7852:"Ukrainian in prosodic typology of world languages" 7269:Viktor Zakharchenko, Folk songs of the Kuban, 1997 7167:"Maps of Belarus: Dialects on Belarusian territory" 5721: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 4237:дз and дж, respectively. is equivalent to English 4219:change a preceding consonant from hard to soft. An 2902:A map of Ukrainian dialects and subdialects (2005) 2484: 1581:'), and Belarusian (Бѣлорусскій, 'White Russian'). 654:. Comparisons are often made between Ukrainian and 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 8039:Literary Politics in the Soviet Ukraine, 1917–1934 7431:Население Российской Федерации по владению языками 7351:"Подільський говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 6411:(1/4), Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute: 103, 6213: 5849:Russian History in Biographies of its main figures 5278:. Albert Bonniers förlag, Stockholm, 1916, p. 145. 4314:(1837), Kulishivka (P. Kulish's spelling system), 658:, another East Slavic language, yet there is more 7105: 7103: 7056:"Північне наріччя. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 6214:Flier, Michael S.; Graziosi, Andrea (2017–2018). 5798: 5796: 5794: 5248:Classification and Index of the World's Languages 5240:Alexander M. Schenker. 1993. "Proto-Slavonic", 3329:is the Rusyn spoken in the Prešov (in Ukrainian: 2410: 1598:) that had more than 100,000 Ukrainian speakers. 1552: 1183: 11333: 8121:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language 7784:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pg. 518 6398: 5996:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language 5952:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language 5898:New York: Shevchenko Scientific Society, pg. 184 5725:A historical phonology of the Ukrainian language 5401:A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language 5298:"Lexical Distance Among the Languages of Europe" 5227: 4658:Like all Slavic languages with the exception of 8139:. Ukrainian translation is partially available 7245:"Степовий говір. Українська мова. Енциклопедія" 5990: 5946: 5536: 5534: 4634:The Ukrainians were predominantly peasants and 4603:Ethnographic Map of Slavic and Baltic Languages 3947: 3938: 1573:) was subdivided into Ukrainian (Малорусскій, ' 1561:Ukrainian speakers in the Russian Empire (1897) 1214: 1160: 1154: 1143: 1134: 1125: 1112: 1106: 1097: 1091: 1078: 922: 916: 910: 904: 898: 595: 131: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7538:"The Constitution of Transnistria, Article 12" 7100: 6366:"Розправа о язиці южноруськім і його наріччях" 6339: 5791: 5689: 5262:wrote in 1916 that the difference between the 4441: 3937:, which appears in a few native words such as 2336:The Communist Party leader from 1963 to 1972, 2218:, and so on. However, Russian was used as the 821:Origins and developments during medieval times 10838: 10730: 10582: 10266: 10154: 9247: 8304: 8280: 8206:Конституція України (Constitution of Ukraine) 7979: 7888:Bernd Kortmann, Johan van der Auwera (2011). 6824: 6822: 6386:"наш+прекрасний+український+язик the original 6150:Australian Slavonic and East European Studies 5907: 4312:spelling version of "Mermaid of the Dniester" 3407:Most of the countries where it is spoken are 1480:to the language were in the hyphenated names 943:, whereas the south-western areas (including 939:until their unification under the Tsardom of 7799:Bernard Comrie. 1992. "Slavic Languages", 7263: 6113:"The Polonization of the Ukrainian Nobility" 5531: 5498: 5496: 4976:Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression 4363:In 1929, Hryhorii Holoskevych published the 4170:, consisting of 33 letters, representing 38 3172:rests outside the borders of Ukraine in the 2292:), directly follows the Russian один рубль ( 2284:were listed in the languages of all fifteen 1077:Proto-Ukrainian (abbreviated PU, Ukrainian: 8012:. ISSN. Taylor & Francis. p. 272. 8000:"Різнотрактування історії української мови" 7819: 7568:Ukraine and Ukrainians Throughout the World 6788: 6786: 6761:"Parliament passes Ukrainian language bill" 6758: 6216:"The Battle for Ukrainian: An Introduction" 6079:, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 6048:, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 5390: 5388: 3499:. The canonical word order of Ukrainian is 3102:region in Russia by the descendants of the 2463:, including those who often speak Russian. 2355: 1342:). The southwestern Ukrainian dialects are 10845: 10831: 10737: 10723: 10589: 10575: 10273: 10259: 10161: 10147: 9254: 9240: 8311: 8297: 7895: 7780:Roland Sussex, Paul V. Cubberley. (2006). 7593: 7556: 6819: 6294: 6292: 5854:Knyaz Kostantin Konstantinovich Ostrozhsky 5467: 5465: 5171:"Implementation of the Charter in Hungary" 4662:, Belarusian, standard written Slovak and 3993:. While in standard Russian it represents 3748:in some cases when most of the cases have 2979:is spoken in the northwestern part of the 1511:A following ban on Ukrainian books led to 1504:appearing shortly thereafter (in 1878, by 8257:, cla.calpoly.edu (archived 3 March 2008) 7849: 7801:International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 7490:. Statistics Canada. 2001. Archived from 6653:The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine 6556: 6554: 5576:. In Okuka, Miloš; Krenn, Gerald (eds.). 5493: 5435: 5433: 5246:C.F. Voegelin and F.M. Voegelin. 1977. 4400:transmission of words of foreign origin. 3744:) (році). Similarly, some words can have 3339: 2949:, and in the southeastern portion of the 1275:and Kiev called themselves "people of Rus 734: 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 10744: 10596: 10280: 8161:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 8153: 8118: 8085: 6792: 6783: 6180: 6115:. Mywebpages.comcast.net. Archived from 5835: 5568: 5394: 5385: 5133: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 4598: 4421:The Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language 4300: 3997:, in many Ukrainian dialects it denotes 3820: 3357: 2897: 2570: 2422: 2414: 2275: 2174: 1556: 1294: 1205: 1193: 1117:, 15th to 18th c.), historically called 738: 563: 10852: 10241:Ukrainian Language and Information Fund 7946:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 6987: 6803:Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies 6592: 6590: 6301:, full text of the Valuyev circular on 6289: 6161: 6152:. Vol. 20, no. 1-2. 2006. pp. 140–147. 5462: 4650:Differences with other Slavic languages 3832:The Ukrainian language has six vowels, 3198:, and in the adjacent districts of the 3186:is spoken in the southern parts of the 3005:, and in the adjacent districts of the 2527:in southeastern Ukraine, published his 2360:The management of dissent by the local 1198:"Lenten Triodion" of Kiev Metropolitan 931:Developments under Poland and Lithuania 723:, and continued in various ways in the 648:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 623:spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the 548:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 428:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 11334: 10168: 9152:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony 8094:] (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Akademia. 8033: 7629:from the original on 25 February 2022. 7606:from the original on 25 February 2022. 6711:from the original on 24 September 2014 6647: 6551: 6493: 5439: 5430: 5418:from the original on 22 September 2023 5344: 5342: 5193: 3795:under the influence of the soft vowel 3031:. In addition, the dialects spoken in 2997:is spoken in the northern part of the 2348:The new party boss from 1972 to 1989, 2343: 1411:Brotherhood of Sts Cyril and Methodius 440:Potebnya Institute of Language Studies 10826: 10718: 10570: 10254: 10142: 9235: 8292: 8279: 8086:Pivtorak, Hryhoriy Petrovych (1998). 7616: 7121:from the original on 9 September 2020 7036:from the original on 19 February 2006 6969:from the original on 6 September 2016 6957:"IMDb – Data as for 17 November 2013" 6937:from the original on 27 December 2013 6886: 6884: 6853: 6851: 6623:"Law on Languages of Nations of USSR" 6431:from the original on 5 September 2023 6248: 6230:from the original on 5 September 2023 5703:from the original on 20 November 2022 5638: 5597:from the original on 23 October 2022. 5373:from the original on 11 February 2023 5092: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 4908:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4877:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4166:Ukrainian is written in a version of 3518:: masculine, feminine, neuter; nouns 3455:Cyrillic letters in this article are 3448: 3378: 3354:Languages of Moldova § Ukrainian 3346:Languages of Romania § Ukrainian 3293:Dolinian Rusyn or Subcarpathian Rusyn 3194:Oblasts, in the northern part of the 610: 530:(varieties: 53-AAA-eda to 53-AAA-edq) 143: 11372:Languages written in Cyrillic script 9261: 8318: 8193:All-Ukrainian population census 2001 8176:"What language is spoken in Ukraine" 7984:. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha Publishers. 7870:from the original on 19 January 2023 7647:from the original on 11 October 2017 7594:Tecnologia, Flize (6 October 2021). 7544:from the original on 5 February 2022 7383:from the original on 23 January 2011 7357:from the original on 1 November 2020 7331:from the original on 7 February 2012 7251:from the original on 1 November 2020 7225:from the original on 1 February 2021 7199:from the original on 1 February 2021 7147:from the original on 1 February 2021 7088:from the original on 1 February 2021 7062:from the original on 1 February 2021 7010:from the original on 1 November 2005 6869:from the original on 22 October 2022 6587: 6539:from the original on 4 February 2012 6131: 6065: 6034: 5615:from the original on 1 February 2012 5348: 5295: 4858:"to seize") > future is found in 4338:Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language 4260:may be used to denote vowel stress. 3383:Ukrainian is also spoken by a large 2961:), as well as in some places in the 2669: 2235: 1036:") had more lexical similarity with 982:(always; taken from old Polish word 580:A speaker of Ukrainian, recorded at 432:Institute for the Ukrainian Language 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 7583:(in Portuguese). 14 September 2021. 7536:Неофициальный сайт Президента ПМР. 7422: 7377:"Короткий словник львівської ґвари" 6911:from the original on 26 August 2022 6384:. 1954. p. 269. Archived from 6327:from the original on 21 August 2023 6137:Geoffrey Hull, Halyna Koscharsky. " 5823:from the original on 30 August 2009 5758:Абаев В. И. О происхождении фонемы 5339: 5294:(published in Ukrainian), cited in 4719:for first-person plurals in verbs ( 3415:Russia 1,129,838 (according to the 843:National Sanctuary "Sophia of Kiev" 761:when followed by a consonant and a 436:Ukrainian language-information fund 13: 9386:Revolution and War of Independence 7956:from the original on 16 March 2021 7708:from the original on 10 April 2021 7488:"Detailed Language Spoken at Home" 6904:. 23 August 2022. pp. 29–38. 6881: 6848: 6740:from the original on 11 April 2021 6316: 5651:from the original on 18 April 2020 5450:from the original on 26 March 2023 5335:from the original on 15 July 2015. 5060: 4384:Society. T. Shevchenko (headed by 4263: 2601: 2309:under Ukrainian SSR jurisdiction. 2271: 14: 11383: 10237:Potebnia Institute of Linguistics 8233: 7617:Maier, Mayara (21 October 2021). 6771:from the original on 8 March 2021 6475:from the original on 5 March 2012 5740:from the original on 29 June 2022 5677:from the original on 10 June 2019 5254:The Languages of the Soviet Union 4969:Bibliography of Ukrainian history 4615:. It is closely related to other 4607:Ukrainian has varying degrees of 4594: 3437:. It is the official language in 2987:and the northeastern part of the 2331: 1127:rannʼoserednʼoukrajinsʼkyj period 1073:Middle period into three phases: 652:Potebnia Institute of Linguistics 11315:Mass media by language of Russia 11310:Knowledge in languages of Russia 10628: 10551: 10550: 9703:Ukraine–European Union relations 9559:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine 9401:West Ukrainian People's Republic 8271:101languages.net – Ukrainian 101 7938: 7926:from the original on 9 July 2023 7908: 7843: 7806: 7173:from the original on 22 May 2012 6513:from the original on 17 May 2007 6381:Istorii͡a ukraïnsʹkoï literatury 6273:from the original on 27 May 2023 6191:from the original on 2 July 2023 6076:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine 6045:Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine 5994:(2002). Leonid Uschkalow (ed.). 5804:Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia. 5641:"About Russian Language History" 5639:Zaliznyak, Andrey Anatolyevich. 5151:from the original on 7 June 2012 5084: 5009: 4953: 4939: 4925: 4670:. When addressing one's sister ( 3963:, and is usually simply written 3905:, often transliterated as Latin 3708:The Old East Slavic and Russian 3675:. Pairs are usually formed by a 2674: 2654:from the United States, and the 2560: 2485:Literature and literary language 2239: 1547:West Ukrainian People's Republic 1327:Ukraine by the Polish nobility. 1145:piznoserednʼoukrajinsʼkyj period 833: 25: 10232:Institute of Ukrainian Language 8255:Ethnographic map of Europe 1914 7838:Ukraine: A concise Encyclopedia 7803:(Oxford). Vol. 3, pp. 452–456. 7787: 7774: 7742: 7720: 7690: 7668: 7659: 7633: 7610: 7587: 7573: 7529: 7506: 7480: 7450: 7408:. NOSTALGIE Praha. p. 57. 7395: 7369: 7343: 7317: 7291: 7237: 7211: 7185: 7159: 7133: 7074: 7048: 7022: 6996: 6981: 6949: 6923: 6752: 6697: 6669: 6641: 6615: 6525: 6499: 6461: 6442: 6392: 6372: 6358: 6310: 6242: 6207: 6181:Snyder, Timothy; Westad, Arne. 6174: 6155: 6059: 6028: 5984: 5940: 5901: 5888: 5871: 5809: 5782: 5765: 5752: 5715: 5663: 5601: 5562: 5446:. München: Verlag Otto Sagner. 4405:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 3001:, the northwestern part of the 990:(to promise; taken from Polish 36:needs additional citations for 11108:Languages with official status 9485:Annexation of Crimea by Russia 9342:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 9012:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin 8213:English translation (excerpts) 6655:. Penguin Books. p. 304. 5315: 5281: 5163: 4869: 4409:new version of the orthography 4284: 3959:appears almost exclusively in 2411:Independence in the modern era 1553:Speakers in the Russian Empire 1436:was exiled for seven years to 1333:Union with the Catholic Church 1279:" (in foreign sources called " 1184:History of the spoken language 994:) and from Latin (via Polish) 713:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 703:, the language developed into 1: 11357:Subject–verb–object languages 8057:(revised and updated edition) 7850:Oleksandr, Ishchenko (2016). 7665:Magocsi 1996, pp 567, 570–71. 6759:Oleg Sukhov (25 April 2019). 6507:"Вiртуальна Русь: Бібліотека" 6162:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). 5748:– via www.worldcat.org. 5296:Elms, Teresa (4 March 2008). 5053: 5031:– vocative, (English dad) vs 4415: 4365:Ukrainian Spelling Dictionary 4297:Ukrainian orthography of 2019 3698:), having developed from the 3435:Ukrainian community in Brazil 2692:Last update: 17 November 2013 2191:During the seven-decade-long 2170: 1230: 1124:Early Middle Ukrainian (EMU, 1067: 947:) were incorporated into the 687:Ukrainian is a descendant of 621:Indo-European language family 10183: 10015:Intangible Cultural Heritage 9433:Eastern Front (World War II) 9418:Ukrainian National Committee 9147:Slavic second palatalization 8119:Shevelov, George Y. (1979). 7434:(in Russian). Archived from 7301:. Harazd.net. Archived from 6799:Rethinking Ukrainian History 6249:Kohut, Zenon Eugene (1986). 5894:Nicholas Chirovsky. (1973). 5722:Shevelov, George Y. (1979). 5019:— vocative (English mum) vs 4829:(infinitive-future-1st sg.) 4691:Slavic second palatalization 4430:, "possibility", and Polish 4215:vowel letters and a special 4025:; Russians occasionally use 3810: 1694:incl. Ukraine & Belarus 1215:Rus' and Kingdom of Ruthenia 1142:Late Middle Ukrainian (LMU, 612:[ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐˈmɔʋɐ] 145:[ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐˈmɔʋɐ] 7: 9391:Ukrainian People's Republic 9142:Slavic first palatalization 8072:University of Toronto Press 7980:Korunets', Ilko V. (2003). 7750:"Лексикографічний Бюлетень" 7299:"Mapa ukrajinskich howoriv" 7288:, Retrieved 7 November 2007 6797:; Himka, John-Paul (eds.). 6168:University of Toronto Press 5404:. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 4918: 4442:False cognates with Russian 4434:, but Russian возможность, 4305:A Ukrainian keyboard layout 4043: 3395:, which used to be part of 3362:Sign in both Ukrainian and 3057:, and the northern part of 2887: 2594: 1543:Ukrainian People's Republic 1161: 1155: 1144: 1136:serednʼoukrajinsʼkyj period 1135: 1126: 1113: 1108:serednʼoukrajinsʼkyj period 1107: 1098: 1092: 1079: 1064:, and Ukrainian languages. 927:("master" or "craftsman"). 747: 691:, a language spoken in the 634:Written Ukrainian uses the 602: 10: 11388: 10528:Language policy in Ukraine 9413:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 7972: 7458:"Various Languages Spoken" 6574:Cambridge University Press 5881:. Slavic Research Center, 4986:Language policy in Ukraine 4966: 4839: 4445: 4294: 4288: 4273: 4267: 4047: 3814: 3803:is similarly mutable into 3791:(поверх) has mutated into 3691:in number and gender (but 3679:prefix and occasionally a 3472: 3468: 3461:scientific transliteration 3343: 3307:is spoken in northwestern 3240:(11) Pokuttia (Bukovinian) 2983:, in the northern part of 2891: 2605: 2564: 2488: 2229: 1539:collapse of Austro-Hungary 1355:predecessor of the modern 1218: 1187: 11299: 11257: 11107: 10876: 10860: 10804: 10768: 10752: 10696: 10645: 10623: 10604: 10546: 10520: 10504: 10444: 10351: 10344: 10311: 10288: 10224: 10176: 10107: 10048: 9906: 9795: 9786: 9729: 9720: 9629: 9620: 9544: 9535: 9505: 9279: 9270: 9215: 9132: 9079: 8988: 8942: 8934:Slavic dialects of Greece 8870: 8835: 8824: 8790: 8688: 8613: 8604: 8543: 8525: 8502: 8493: 8394: 8326: 8286: 8281:Links to related articles 8189:, 2003, 1., wumag.kiev.ua 6405:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 6399:Michael A. Moser (2017), 6255:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 6220:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 5866:Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski 5569:Schweier, Ulrich (2002). 5508:22 September 2023 at the 5355:Harvard Ukrainian Studies 5292:Metatheory of Linguistics 4270:Romanization of Ukrainian 4227:in the Russian alphabet. 3948: 3939: 3404:from the local language. 3387:population, particularly 3224:, as well as in parts of 3134:Subcarpathian Voivodeship 2919: South-western group 2913: South-eastern group 2878: 2683:This section needs to be 2665: 2646:from the United Kingdom, 2362:Ukrainian Communist Party 2225: 2202:Officially, there was no 1791: 1683: 1440:. The Ukrainian magazine 1093:davnʼoukrajinsʼkyj period 1053:, and the Russian state. 1005:Significant contact with 866:, lasting into the early 832: 827: 596: 534: 519: 502: 486: 468: 450: 445: 421: 365: 355:Official language in 353: 348: 323: 288: 245: 199: 181: 171: 161: 151: 139: 132: 130: 125: 9845:hybrid variant (2020-22) 9634:Administrative divisions 9337:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 8245:14 February 2010 at the 8146:20 November 2022 at the 7812:David Dalby. 1999/2000. 7683:22 December 2010 at the 7430: 6988:Horbach, Oleksa (1951). 6892: 6684:Harvard University Press 6602:11 February 2023 at the 6454:28 November 2022 at the 6351:5 September 2023 at the 5699:. Litopys.org.ua. 1979. 5518:Indiana University Press 5480:Harvard University Press 5349:Pugh, Stefan M. (1985). 5252:Bernard Comrie. 1981. 5002: 4674:) she is referred to as 4642:—a literary language of 4343:On 17 January 1918, the 4280:Ukrainian Latin alphabet 3900:voiced glottal fricative 3760:(nominative plural) but 3663:Ukrainian verbs come in 3304:Pannonian or Bačka Rusyn 2616: 2356:Gorbachev and perebudova 1545:, shortly joined by the 1323:and visible attempts to 1245:did not call themselves 1162:sučasna ukrajinsʼka mova 1080:protoukrajinsʼkyj period 949:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 862:population north of the 701:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 190:: 33 million (2024) 10512:Ukrainian Sign Language 10225:Regulatory institutions 9480:2014 pro-Russian unrest 8181:11 October 2017 at the 7521:5 December 2014 at the 7516:Canada at a Glance 2007 5440:Bunčić, Daniel (2006). 5328:Encyclopædia Britannica 4996:Ukrainian Sign Language 4738:, such as in the words 4345:Central Rada of Ukraine 4200:. The Ukrainian letter 4192:, during the period of 4055:The Ukrainian alphabet 4017:to render both English 3756:(nominative singular), 3644:: first, second, third; 2539:in Ukrainian, based on 1500:), with non-hyphenated 1474:Little Russian language 10085:Immigration to Ukraine 9759:Science and technology 9708:Ukraine–NATO relations 8127:: Carl Winter Verlag. 7864:10.5281/ZENODO.7548409 7795:The Slavonic Languages 7755:. 2004. Archived from 7464:. 2001. Archived from 6097:Jakubowski et al. 2016 6073:; et al. (eds.), 6042:; et al. (eds.), 5908:Daniel Bunčić (2015). 5242:The Slavonic Languages 4916: 4904: 4886: 4609:mutual intelligibility 4604: 4306: 4013:above, Ukrainians use 3913:equivalent of English 3829: 3775:(на першому поверсі). 3583:with nouns in gender, 3491:language. It exhibits 3371: 3340:Neighbouring countries 3297:Transcarpathian Oblast 3150:, and in parts of the 3148:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 2921: 2755:Тіні незабутих предків 2652:Ukrainian Village Band 2576: 2442: 2432:Russification. In the 2420: 2350:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky 2297: 2188: 2139:Brest-Litovsk district 1562: 1308: 1211: 1203: 1133:Middle Ukrainian (MU, 1099:davnʼoukrajinsʼka mova 923: 917: 911: 905: 899: 744: 735:Linguistic development 660:mutual intelligibility 588: 536:This article contains 383:Bosnia and Herzegovina 11367:East Slavic languages 10812:Russian Sign Language 10704:Russian Sign Language 9495:2022 Russian invasion 9463:Revolution of Dignity 9065:Taimyr Pidgin Russian 8208:, 1996, rada.kiev.ua 8198:11 March 2014 at the 8068:A History of Ukraine. 8043:Duke University Press 8041:. Durham and London: 7675:Голоскевич Григорій. 7540:. President-pmr.org. 6933:. 29 September 2013. 6801:. Edmonton, Alberta: 5859:3 August 2020 at the 5258:The Swedish linguist 5209:Latvian Russian Union 4912: 4898: 4882: 4792:stress-timed language 4617:East Slavic languages 4602: 4464:False friend samples 4326:by Smal-Stotskyi and 4304: 4291:Ukrainian orthography 3827: 3815:Further information: 3807:in final positions). 3485:nominative–accusative 3473:Further information: 3361: 3344:Further information: 3232:. It is also used in 3094:and is spoken by the 2977:(2) Central Polissian 2939:(3) Eastern Polissian 2901: 2574: 2565:Further information: 2513:Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky 2489:Further information: 2426: 2418: 2279: 2214:would be used in the 2178: 1622:Entire Russian Empire 1567:Russian Empire Census 1560: 1305:Peresopnytsia Gospels 1298: 1209: 1197: 1178:Nestor the Chronicler 1114:staroukrajinsʼka mova 1038:West Slavic languages 742: 579: 11352:Languages of Ukraine 10746:Languages of Moldova 10598:Languages of Belarus 10312:Indigenous languages 10282:Languages of Ukraine 9866:Freedom of the press 9603:World Heritage Sites 9598:Islands and sandbars 9371:Pereiaslav Agreement 9354:Zaporozhian Cossacks 9322:Principality of Kiev 8064:Magocsi, Paul Robert 8035:Luckyj, George S. N. 7905:, 2007. PP. 147–177. 7782:The Slavic languages 7564:Ukrainians in Brazil 7169:. Belarusguide.com. 6572:by George O. Liber, 6568:6 April 2023 at the 6388:on 4 September 2023. 6164:A History of Ukraine 5647:. Mumi-Trol School. 5323:"Ukrainian language" 5043:(God in English) vs 4981:Languages of Ukraine 4403:On 22 May 2019, the 4356:and Vasyl Simovych. 4245:, is equivalent to 3921:in place of Russian 3514:Nouns have one of 3 3400:often contains many 3254:(9) Upper Dniestrian 3104:Zaporozhian Cossacks 3079:Zaporozhian Cossacks 3061:, as well as in the 3023:is the basis of the 3021:(4) Middle Dnieprian 2933:Northern (Polissian) 2928:of Ukrainian exist. 2907: Northern group 2803:Тіні забутих предків 2491:Ukrainian literature 2427:Modern signs in the 1374:Pereiaslav Agreement 1043:Treaty of Pereyaslav 786:Old Novgorod dialect 617:East Slavic language 195:: 6.0 million (2024) 60:"Ukrainian language" 45:improve this article 16:East Slavic language 11305:Languages of Russia 10879:of federal subjects 10854:Languages of Russia 9470:Russo-Ukrainian War 9091:Pan-Slavic language 8890:Burgenland Croatian 8770:Marcho-Magdeburgian 8367:Old Church Slavonic 8224:14 May 2011 at the 8112:22 May 2011 at the 7762:on 27 December 2014 7677:Правописний словник 7278:on 26 February 2005 6299:Валуевский циркуляр 6144:16 May 2013 at the 5883:Hokkaido University 5549:Cornell Univ. Press 5396:Shevelov, George Y. 5181:on 27 February 2014 4465: 4256:As in Russian, the 4056: 3955:'button'. However, 3817:Ukrainian phonology 3764:(genitive plural). 2656:Kuban Cossack Choir 2631:Vopli Vidopliassova 2344:Shcherbytsky period 1712:Vistulan guberniyas 1609:Ukrainian speakers 1533:By the time of the 1506:Mykhailo Drahomanov 1490:Ruthenian-Ukrainian 1482:Ukrainian-Ruthenian 1357:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy 1331:pressure after the 1235:Old Church Slavonic 1090:Old Ukrainian (OU, 953:Old Church Slavonic 876:Proto-Indo-European 794:Stepan Smal-Stotsky 792:Ukrainian linguist 638:, a variant of the 367:Recognised minority 314:Among others, see: 253:Proto-Indo-European 11347:Ruthenian language 11342:Ukrainian language 10769:Minority languages 10646:Minority languages 10605:Official languages 10345:Minority languages 10289:Official languages 10170:Ukrainian language 9830:Swine flu pandemic 9764:Telecommunications 9554:Biosphere reserves 9443:Chernobyl disaster 9177:Illič-Svityč's law 9157:Monophthongization 8665:Camaldolese Slovak 8478:Canadian Ukrainian 8344:Up to Proto-Slavic 8337:Proto-Balto-Slavic 8202:, ukrcensus.gov.ua 8187:Welcome to Ukraine 8159:Ukraine: A History 7892:, Volume 2. p. 103 7494:on 2 February 2017 7353:. Litopys.org.ua. 7327:. Litopys.org.ua. 7247:. Litopys.org.ua. 7221:. Litopys.org.ua. 7195:. Litopys.org.ua. 7143:. Litopys.org.ua. 7084:. Litopys.org.ua. 7058:. Litopys.org.ua. 7032:. Litopys.org.ua. 7006:. Litopys.org.ua. 6865:. 23 August 2022. 6795:Rudnytsky, Ivan L. 6471:. Litopys.org.ua. 5819:. Litopys.org.ua. 5673:. Litopys.org.ua. 5611:. Litopys.org.ua. 5331:. 23 August 2023. 5274:. Jensen, Alfred. 5121:on 18 January 2012 4961:Linguistics portal 4605: 4463: 4307: 4054: 4050:Ukrainian alphabet 3830: 3773:na peršomu poversi 3449:Language structure 3379:Ukrainian diaspora 3372: 3276:(10) Upper Sannian 2995:(1) West Polissian 2922: 2894:Ukrainian dialects 2662:region in Russia. 2584:Russian-speaking. 2577: 2501:Hryhorii Skovoroda 2443: 2421: 2307:transfer of Crimea 2298: 2251:. You can help by 2189: 2167:to 16.6% in 1917. 1586:"по родному языку" 1563: 1535:Russian Revolution 1502:Ukrainian language 1494:Panteleimon Kulish 1466:Ukrainian language 1359:), founded by the 1309: 1221:Ruthenian language 1212: 1204: 1190:History of Ukraine 1105:Middle Ukrainian ( 1047:Bohdan Khmelnytsky 774:Aleksey Shakhmatov 745: 646:is studied by the 636:Ukrainian alphabet 589: 379:Russian Federation 338:Ukrainian alphabet 316:Ukrainian dialects 258:Proto-Balto-Slavic 11362:Ukrainian studies 11329: 11328: 11323: 11322: 11291: 11246:Southern Yukaghir 11239:Northern Yukaghir 10916: 10909: 10820: 10819: 10753:Official language 10712: 10711: 10564: 10563: 10500: 10499: 10248: 10247: 10136: 10135: 10103: 10102: 9878:Human trafficking 9836:COVID-19 pandemic 9810:Gender inequality 9782: 9781: 9716: 9715: 9674:Political parties 9664:Foreign relations 9616: 9615: 9531: 9530: 9453:Orange Revolution 9438:Volhynia massacre 9229: 9228: 9222:extinct languages 9053:Solombala English 8984: 8983: 8907:Prekmurje Slovene 8820: 8819: 8600: 8599: 8454:Doukhobor Russian 8377:Glagolitic script 8019:978-1-317-22431-0 7641:"Stechishin-1958" 7625:(in Portuguese). 7602:(in Portuguese). 7462:Statistics Canada 7415:978-80-908883-0-2 6692:978-0-674-26837-1 6662:978-0-141-98061-4 6612:, 26 October 1946 6582:978-0-521-41391-6 6496:, pp. 24–25. 6368:. 5 January 2024. 6323:. 4 minutes in. 6317:Snyder, Timothy. 6187:. 5 minutes in. 5845:Mykola Kostomarov 5557:978-0-8014-7279-4 5488:978-0-674-26837-1 5308:on 4 April 2017. 5215:on 18 August 2017 5115:Council of Europe 5082:(27th ed., 2024) 4991:Ukrainian Braille 4906:Article 1 of the 4892:of the text into 4874:Article 1 of the 4835:Romance languages 4592: 4591: 4436:vozmozhnostʹ 4354:Volodymyr Hnatiuk 4164: 4163: 4027:⟨у⟩ 4015:⟨в⟩ 4011:⟨г⟩ 4007:⟨в⟩ 3971:for both English 3969:⟨г⟩ 3965:⟨г⟩ 3896:⟨г⟩ 3825: 3475:Ukrainian grammar 3295:is spoken in the 3244:Chernivtsi Oblast 3242:is spoken in the 3204:Kirovohrad Oblast 3164:is spoken by the 3142:is spoken by the 3120:is spoken by the 2957:(the area around 2876: 2875: 2708: 2707: 2693: 2612:Cinema of Ukraine 2509:Mykola Kostomarov 2505:Ivan Kotlyarevsky 2397:artificial famine 2366:Mikhail Gorbachev 2290:odyn karbovanets` 2269: 2268: 2156: 2155: 1612:Russian speakers 1606:Total population 1378:Cossack Hetmanate 1243:Novgorod Republic 1013:resulted in many 971:Polish–Lithuanian 921:("furrier"), and 852: 851: 780:Russian linguist 770:Ahatanhel Krymsky 644:standard language 627:of a majority of 577: 562: 561: 544:rendering support 540:phonetic symbols. 423:Regulated by 343:Ukrainian Braille 305:Pokuttia-Bukovina 121: 120: 113: 95: 11379: 11283: 11280:Mongolian script 11270:Cyrillic Braille 11248: 11241: 11212: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11043: 11036: 11022: 11015: 10912: 10905: 10861:Federal language 10847: 10840: 10833: 10824: 10823: 10739: 10732: 10725: 10716: 10715: 10638: 10633: 10632: 10631: 10591: 10584: 10577: 10568: 10567: 10554: 10553: 10349: 10348: 10275: 10268: 10261: 10252: 10251: 10163: 10156: 10149: 10140: 10139: 10116: 10058:Ukrainian people 9793: 9792: 9739: 9727: 9726: 9627: 9626: 9571:Populated places 9542: 9541: 9347:Kiev Voivodeship 9332:Galicia–Volhynia 9277: 9276: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9233: 9232: 9123:Slavonic-Serbian 8974:Cieszyn Silesian 8845:Carpathian Rusyn 8833: 8832: 8611: 8610: 8500: 8499: 8385:Modern languages 8320:Slavic languages 8313: 8306: 8299: 8290: 8289: 8277: 8276: 8251: 8211: 8172: 8138: 8105: 8056: 8030: 8028: 8026: 7995: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7912: 7906: 7899: 7893: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7847: 7841: 7834: 7817: 7810: 7804: 7791: 7785: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7761: 7754: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7694: 7688: 7672: 7666: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7581:Bill 024/2021, 1 7577: 7571: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7533: 7527: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7295: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7274:. 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Archived from 5107: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5071: 5047: 5013: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4842: 4841: 4636:petits bourgeois 4613:Slavic languages 4535: 4506: 4466: 4462: 4428: 4386:Dmytro Pavlychko 4334:Borys Hrinchenko 4328:Theodore Gartner 4057: 4053: 4028: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3970: 3966: 3958: 3951: 3950: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3826: 3687:agrees with its 3489:satellite-framed 3370:commune, Romania 3270:Austro-Hungarian 2918: 2912: 2906: 2862: 2787: 2763: 2739: 2713: 2712: 2703: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2608:Music of Ukraine 2597: 2439:de-russification 2286:Soviet republics 2282:Soviet banknotes 2264: 2261: 2243: 2236: 2232:Ukrainianization 1615:Polish speakers 1601: 1537:of 1917 and the 1486:Paulin Święcicki 1470:Yakub Holovatsky 1430:Taras Shevchenko 1419:Ukrajins'ka mova 1389:for Ukraine and 1382:Alexis of Russia 1278: 1273:Galicia–Volhynia 1257: 1250: 1232: 1171:Eastern Orthodox 1164: 1158: 1147: 1138: 1129: 1116: 1110: 1101: 1095: 1082: 1051:Zaporozhian Host 926: 920: 914: 908: 902: 895:Yiddish-speaking 837: 836: 825: 824: 802:Vsevolod Hantsov 798:Yevhen Tymchenko 784:stated that the 782:Andrey Zaliznyak 668:lexical distance 614: 609: 605: 599: 598: 578: 515: Ukrainian 514: 498: 491: 482: 481: 473: 464: 463: 455: 369:language in 329: 275:(Old Ukrainian) 205: 147: 135: 134: 123: 122: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 11387: 11386: 11382: 11381: 11380: 11378: 11377: 11376: 11332: 11331: 11330: 11325: 11324: 11319: 11295: 11253: 11244: 11237: 11208: 11201: 11194: 11187: 11168: 11163:Southern Khanty 11161: 11156:Northern Khanty 11154: 11103: 11039: 11032: 11018: 11011: 10977:Karachay-Balkar 10878: 10877:State languages 10872: 10856: 10851: 10821: 10816: 10800: 10764: 10748: 10743: 10713: 10708: 10692: 10641: 10634: 10629: 10627: 10621: 10600: 10595: 10565: 10560: 10542: 10516: 10496: 10440: 10340: 10307: 10284: 10279: 10249: 10244: 10220: 10172: 10167: 10137: 10132: 10119: 10112: 10099: 10044: 9959:Cultural icons 9902: 9778: 9749:Stock exchanges 9737: 9712: 9696:Law enforcement 9612: 9566:Nature reserves 9527: 9501: 9396:Ukrainian State 9327:Mongol invasion 9266: 9260: 9230: 9225: 9211: 9134: 9128: 9082: 9075: 9005:Bohemian Romani 8990:Mixed languages 8980: 8957:Pannonian Rusyn 8938: 8880:Banat Bulgarian 8866: 8828: 8816: 8786: 8684: 8676:Pannonian Rusyn 8596: 8539: 8521: 8489: 8449:Alaskan Russian 8424:Old Novgorodian 8417:Old East Slavic 8390: 8372:Cyrillic script 8362:Church Slavonic 8322: 8317: 8282: 8249: 8247:Wayback Machine 8236: 8231: 8226:Wayback Machine 8215:, rada.kiev.ua. 8209: 8200:Wayback Machine 8183:Wayback Machine 8169: 8155:Subtelny, Orest 8148:Wayback Machine 8135: 8114:Wayback Machine 8107:Litopys.kiev.ua 8102: 8053: 8024: 8022: 8020: 7998:Lesyuk, Mykola 7992: 7975: 7970: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7944: 7943: 7939: 7929: 7927: 7914: 7913: 7909: 7900: 7896: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7871: 7848: 7844: 7835: 7820: 7811: 7807: 7798: 7792: 7788: 7779: 7775: 7765: 7763: 7759: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7726: 7725: 7721: 7711: 7709: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7685:Wayback Machine 7673: 7669: 7664: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7615: 7611: 7592: 7588: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7561: 7557: 7547: 7545: 7534: 7530: 7523:Wayback Machine 7511: 7507: 7497: 7495: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7471: 7469: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7441: 7439: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7423: 7416: 7400: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7305:on 4 April 2005 7297: 7296: 7292: 7281: 7279: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7254: 7252: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7228: 7226: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7176: 7174: 7165: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7148: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7124: 7122: 7109: 7108: 7101: 7091: 7089: 7080: 7079: 7075: 7065: 7063: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7013: 7011: 7002: 7001: 6997: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6897: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6857: 6856: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6836:on 2 March 2009 6828: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6791: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6757: 6753: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6731: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6698: 6680:Jonathan Steele 6674: 6670: 6663: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6604:Wayback Machine 6595: 6588: 6570:Wayback Machine 6559: 6552: 6542: 6540: 6531: 6530: 6526: 6516: 6514: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6492: 6488: 6478: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6456:Wayback Machine 6447: 6443: 6434: 6432: 6397: 6393: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6353:Wayback Machine 6344: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6297: 6290: 6276: 6274: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6212: 6208: 6194: 6192: 6179: 6175: 6160: 6156: 6146:Wayback Machine 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6064: 6060: 6033: 6029: 6006: 5992:George Shevelov 5989: 5985: 5962: 5948:George Shevelov 5945: 5941: 5914:Welt der Slaven 5906: 5902: 5893: 5889: 5876: 5872: 5861:Wayback Machine 5841: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5801: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5770: 5766: 5757: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5720: 5716: 5706: 5704: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5637: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5594: 5588: 5573: 5567: 5563: 5539: 5532: 5510:Wayback Machine 5501: 5494: 5476:Jonathan Steele 5470: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5438: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5412: 5393: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5347: 5340: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5286: 5282: 5257: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5154: 5152: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5093: 5083: 5072: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4971: 4959: 4952: 4947:Language portal 4945: 4938: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4872: 4701:(hand) becomes 4652: 4640:Church Slavonic 4597: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4559: 4552: 4545: 4533: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4504: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4450: 4444: 4426: 4418: 4394:accusative form 4390:accusative case 4352:Smal-Stotskyi, 4324:Russian Grammar 4299: 4293: 4287: 4282: 4272: 4266: 4264:Transliteration 4186:Mykola Skrypnyk 4052: 4046: 4038:final devoicing 4026: 4014: 4010: 4006: 3983: 3968: 3964: 3926: 3898:represents the 3895: 3867:, for example, 3821: 3819: 3813: 3769:na pervom etaže 3732:(рік, 'year') ( 3493:T–V distinction 3479:Ukrainian is a 3477: 3471: 3451: 3381: 3356: 3342: 3266:Ivano-Frankivsk 3208:Mykolaiv Oblast 3200:Cherkasy Oblast 3156:Transcarpathian 3130:Ivano-Frankivsk 2924:Several modern 2920: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2881: 2856: 2781: 2779:Звичайна справа 2757: 2733: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2625:bands, such as 2619: 2614: 2606:Main articles: 2604: 2602:Popular culture 2569: 2563: 2493: 2487: 2468:native language 2456:native language 2413: 2376:(Ukrainian for 2358: 2346: 2334: 2274: 2272:Khrushchev thaw 2265: 2259: 2256: 2249:needs expansion 2234: 2228: 2173: 1854:Don Host Oblast 1693: 1690:European Russia 1555: 1459:name of Ukraine 1434:Pavlo Chubynsky 1403:Dnieper Ukraine 1340:Western Ukraine 1317:Union of Lublin 1293: 1276: 1255: 1248: 1239:Old East Slavic 1223: 1217: 1192: 1186: 1156:sučasnyj period 1085:Old East Slavic 1070: 1002:(aim or goal). 998:(suddenly) and 933: 841: 834: 828:External videos 823: 815:George Shevelov 750: 737: 729:Western Ukraine 689:Old East Slavic 666:, and a closer 640:Cyrillic script 625:native language 607: 597:українська мова 564: 542:Without proper 529: 525:53-AAA-ed < 510: 494: 487: 477: 476: 469: 459: 458: 451: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 370: 368: 356: 349:Official status 341: 330: 325: 284: 268:Old East Slavic 248: 241: 206: 203:Language family 201: 191: 184: 183:Native speakers 133:українська мова 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11385: 11375: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11327: 11326: 11321: 11320: 11318: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11293: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11261: 11259: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11249: 11242: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11214: 11213: 11210:Southern Mansi 11206: 11199: 11192: 11189:Northern Mansi 11180: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11170:Eastern Khanty 11166: 11159: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11111: 11109: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11045: 11044: 11037: 11025: 11024: 11023: 11016: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10918: 10917: 10914:Southern Altai 10910: 10907:Northern Altai 10898: 10893: 10888: 10882: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10857: 10850: 10849: 10842: 10835: 10827: 10818: 10817: 10815: 10814: 10808: 10806: 10805:Sign languages 10802: 10801: 10799: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10772: 10770: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10756: 10754: 10750: 10749: 10742: 10741: 10734: 10727: 10719: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10700: 10698: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10649: 10647: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10636:Belarus portal 10624: 10622: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10608: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10594: 10593: 10586: 10579: 10571: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10558: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10514: 10508: 10506: 10505:Sign languages 10502: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10473: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10411: 10408:Southern Kresy 10405: 10396: 10391: 10381: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10355: 10353: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10292: 10290: 10286: 10285: 10278: 10277: 10270: 10263: 10255: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10242: 10239: 10234: 10228: 10226: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10197: 10196: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10173: 10166: 10165: 10158: 10151: 10143: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10130: 10125: 10118: 10117: 10109: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10054: 10052: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9918: 9912: 9910: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9868: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9846: 9833: 9827: 9822: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9796: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9630: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9568: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9551: 9549:National parks 9545: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9509: 9507: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9499: 9498: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9467: 9466: 9465: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9406:Makhnovshchina 9403: 9398: 9393: 9383: 9378: 9376:Russian Empire 9373: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: articles 9259: 9258: 9251: 9244: 9236: 9227: 9226: 9216: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9209: 9204: 9202:Van Wijk's law 9199: 9197:Ruki sound law 9194: 9192:Pedersen's law 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9138: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9119: 9112: 9105: 9100: 9099: 9098: 9087: 9085: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9068: 9061: 9056: 9049: 9042: 9037: 9035:Romano-Serbian 9032: 9027: 9022: 9015: 9008: 9000: 8994: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8966: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8952:Eastern Slovak 8948: 8946: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8893: 8892: 8882: 8876: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8853: 8852: 8841: 8839: 8830: 8826:Microlanguages 8822: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8812: 8802: 8796: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8742: 8741: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8708: 8697:East Lechitic 8694: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8678: 8671:Eastern Slovak 8668: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8652:White Croatian 8649: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8628:Biblical Czech 8619: 8617: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8560:Serbo-Croatian 8557: 8549: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8537: 8531: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8465: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8436: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8413: 8412: 8411: 8400: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8359: 8347: 8340: 8332: 8330: 8324: 8323: 8316: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8293: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8252: 8235: 8234:External links 8232: 8230: 8229: 8228:, demoscope.ru 8216: 8210:(in Ukrainian) 8203: 8190: 8173: 8167: 8151: 8133: 8116: 8100: 8083: 8061: 8058: 8051: 8031: 8018: 8003: 7996: 7990: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7950:United Nations 7937: 7907: 7894: 7881: 7842: 7818: 7805: 7786: 7773: 7741: 7719: 7689: 7667: 7658: 7632: 7609: 7586: 7572: 7566:(Chapter), in 7555: 7528: 7505: 7479: 7468:on 24 May 2016 7449: 7438:on 30 May 2012 7421: 7414: 7394: 7379:. Ji.lviv.ua. 7368: 7342: 7316: 7290: 7272:"Oocities.com" 7262: 7236: 7210: 7184: 7158: 7132: 7099: 7073: 7047: 7021: 6995: 6980: 6948: 6922: 6880: 6847: 6818: 6812:978-0920862124 6811: 6782: 6751: 6722: 6696: 6668: 6661: 6649:Plokhy, Serhii 6640: 6614: 6586: 6550: 6524: 6498: 6486: 6460: 6441: 6391: 6371: 6357: 6338: 6309: 6288: 6241: 6206: 6173: 6170:. p. 293. 6154: 6130: 6119:on 2 June 2002 6101: 6089: 6058: 6027: 6004: 5983: 5960: 5939: 5900: 5887: 5885:. 2005. p. 57. 5870: 5834: 5808: 5790: 5781: 5764: 5751: 5714: 5688: 5662: 5626: 5600: 5586: 5561: 5545:Laada Bilaniuk 5530: 5492: 5461: 5429: 5410: 5384: 5361:(1/2): 53–60. 5338: 5314: 5280: 5226: 5192: 5162: 5132: 5091: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5039:— nominative, 5023:— nominative, 5007: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4965: 4964: 4950: 4936: 4933:Ukraine portal 4920: 4917: 4894:Latin alphabet 4871: 4868: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4822: 4821: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4787:– she swept"). 4783:(for example, 4769: 4764:(for example, 4754: 4747: 4728: 4713: 4687: 4651: 4648: 4596: 4595:Classification 4593: 4590: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4443: 4440: 4417: 4414: 4289:Main article: 4286: 4283: 4268:Main article: 4265: 4262: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4048:Main article: 4045: 4042: 3812: 3809: 3752:, for example 3661: 3660: 3645: 3638: 3623: 3575: 3574: 3559: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3450: 3447: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3397:Austro-Hungary 3380: 3377: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3328: 3327:Pryashiv Rusyn 3324: 3317:Rusin language 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3286:Rusyn language 3281: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3237: 3215: 3211: 3185: 3181: 3163: 3159: 3141: 3137: 3119: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3096:Kuban Cossacks 3087: 3082: 3076: 3071: 3044: 3040: 3022: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3010: 2996: 2992: 2978: 2974: 2955:Bryansk Oblast 2940: 2934: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2892:Main article: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2706: 2705: 2682: 2680: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2644:The Ukrainians 2623:Ukrainian rock 2618: 2615: 2603: 2600: 2562: 2559: 2521:Lesia Ukrainka 2515:, Shevchenko, 2486: 2483: 2412: 2409: 2403:, and most of 2357: 2354: 2345: 2342: 2333: 2332:Shelest period 2330: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2246: 2244: 2227: 2224: 2204:state language 2185:intelligentsia 2172: 2169: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2101:Kuban Province 2097: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1873:Yekaterinoslav 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1592:governorates ( 1590:Russian Empire 1575:Little Russian 1554: 1551: 1450:proclaimed in 1391:Little Russian 1292: 1289: 1216: 1213: 1185: 1182: 1167: 1166: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1140: 1131: 1103: 1088: 1069: 1066: 1049:, head of the 932: 929: 850: 849: 830: 829: 822: 819: 749: 746: 736: 733: 721:Russian Empire 603:ukrainska mova 560: 559: 546:, you may see 532: 531: 523: 517: 516: 508: 500: 499: 492: 484: 483: 474: 466: 465: 456: 448: 447: 446:Language codes 443: 442: 425: 419: 418: 391:Czech Republic 373: 371: 366: 363: 362: 357: 354: 351: 350: 346: 345: 331: 327:Writing system 324: 321: 320: 319: 318: 312: 307: 302: 297: 290: 286: 285: 283: 282: 281: 280: 279: 278: 277: 276: 251: 249: 246: 243: 242: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 235: 234: 233: 209: 207: 200: 197: 196: 185: 182: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 166:Eastern Europe 163: 159: 158: 153: 152:Native to 149: 148: 141: 137: 136: 128: 127: 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11384: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11337: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11302: 11298: 11290: 11289:Kalmyk script 11286: 11285:Buryat script 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11262: 11260: 11256: 11247: 11243: 11240: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11211: 11207: 11204: 11203:Eastern Mansi 11200: 11197: 11196:Western Mansi 11193: 11190: 11186: 11185: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11160: 11157: 11153: 11152: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11042: 11038: 11035: 11031: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11010: 11009: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10952:Crimean Tatar 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10915: 10911: 10908: 10904: 10903: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10875: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10848: 10843: 10841: 10836: 10834: 10829: 10828: 10825: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10803: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10761: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10740: 10735: 10733: 10728: 10726: 10721: 10720: 10717: 10705: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10697:Sign language 10695: 10689: 10688:Baltic Romani 10686: 10684: 10683:West Polesian 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10668:Simple speech 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10626: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10592: 10587: 10585: 10580: 10578: 10573: 10572: 10569: 10557: 10549: 10548: 10545: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10519: 10513: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10503: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10443: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10415: 10412: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10389: 10385: 10382: 10379: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10350: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10320: 10319:Crimean Tatar 10317: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10302: 10299: 10298: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10287: 10283: 10276: 10271: 10269: 10264: 10262: 10257: 10256: 10253: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10164: 10159: 10157: 10152: 10150: 10145: 10144: 10141: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10111: 10110: 10106: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10047: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9905: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9862: 9859: 9854: 9850: 9847: 9844: 9841: 9837: 9834: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9785: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9719: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9631: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9619: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9560: 9557: 9556: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9546: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9504: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9490:War in Donbas 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9423:Ukrainian SSR 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9264: 9257: 9252: 9250: 9245: 9243: 9238: 9237: 9234: 9223: 9219: 9214: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9187:Meillet's law 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9124: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9113: 9111: 9110: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9054: 9050: 9048: 9047: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9009: 9007: 9006: 9003:20th century 9001: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8922:Slavomolisano 8920: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8887: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8862:West Polesian 8860: 8858: 8855: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8806: 8805:Lower Sorbian 8803: 8801: 8800:Upper Sorbian 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8789: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8765:West Lechitic 8763: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8749: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8735: 8734: 8733: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8724:Middle Polish 8721: 8719: 8718: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8687: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8590: 8586: 8585:Slavomolisano 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8555: 8554:Alpine Slavic 8551: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8542: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8484: 8483:Simple speech 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8425: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8409:Simple speech 8407: 8406: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8339: 8338: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8295: 8294: 8291: 8285: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8256: 8253: 8248: 8244: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8207: 8204: 8201: 8197: 8194: 8191: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8174: 8170: 8168:0-8020-5808-6 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8136: 8134:3-533-02787-2 8130: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8108: 8103: 8101:966-580-082-5 8097: 8093: 8089: 8084: 8081: 8080:0-8020-0830-5 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8054: 8052:0-8223-1099-6 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8021: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7991:966-7890-27-9 7987: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7941: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7904: 7898: 7891: 7885: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7815: 7809: 7802: 7796: 7790: 7783: 7777: 7758: 7751: 7745: 7729: 7723: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7678: 7671: 7662: 7646: 7643:. Wals.info. 7642: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7590: 7582: 7576: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7525: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7509: 7493: 7489: 7483: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7437: 7433: 7425: 7417: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7398: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7304: 7300: 7294: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7172: 7168: 7162: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7106: 7104: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7061: 7057: 7051: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7009: 7005: 6999: 6991: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6952: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6907: 6903: 6895: 6887: 6885: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6852: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6823: 6814: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6789: 6787: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6755: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6727: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6629:on 8 May 2016 6628: 6624: 6618: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6495: 6490: 6474: 6470: 6464: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6445: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6375: 6367: 6361: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6342: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6313: 6304: 6300: 6295: 6293: 6285: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6177: 6169: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6106: 6098: 6093: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6005:966-7021-62-9 6001: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5961:3-533-02786-4 5957: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5897: 5891: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5805: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5785: 5778: 5777:5-288-03948-8 5774: 5768: 5761: 5755: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5718: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5676: 5672: 5666: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5593: 5589: 5587:3-85129-510-2 5583: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5499: 5497: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5466: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5436: 5434: 5417: 5413: 5411:9783533027867 5407: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5343: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5318: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5288:K. Tyshchenko 5284: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5260:Alfred Jensen 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5059: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5012: 5008: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4962: 4956: 4951: 4948: 4942: 4937: 4934: 4923: 4915: 4911: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4880:in Ukrainian: 4879: 4878: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4804:Other Slavic 4803: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4668:vocative case 4665: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4601: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4528: 4526: 4521: 4519: 4514: 4512:to conjugate 4511: 4510: 4507: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4454:false friends 4449: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4298: 4292: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4261: 4259: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194:Ukrainization 4191: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4004: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3962: 3954: 3946:'sleigh' and 3945: 3930: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3892: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3787:of Ukrainian 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3677:prepositional 3674: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3439:Prudentópolis 3436: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3216:is spoken in 3213: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3184:(8) Podillian 3183: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3174:Prešov Region 3171: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144:Hutsul people 3139: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3045:is spoken in 3042: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2941:is spoken in 2938: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2900: 2895: 2885: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2702: 2686: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2650:from Canada, 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2596: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2573: 2568: 2561:Current usage 2558: 2554: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2477:In 2019, the 2475: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2417: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2338:Petro Shelest 2329: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2263: 2254: 2250: 2247:This section 2245: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2220:lingua franca 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2197:Ukrainian SSR 2194: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2025:City of Odesa 2023: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1588:) in 1897 in 1587: 1582: 1580: 1579:Great Russian 1576: 1572: 1568: 1559: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457:Although the 1455: 1453: 1449: 1448:Pyotr Valuyev 1445: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1405:and Austrian 1404: 1399: 1397: 1396:Russification 1392: 1388: 1387:Little Russia 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1299:Miniature of 1297: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1228: 1222: 1208: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1163: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1115: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1094: 1089: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1034:simple speech 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 972: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 928: 925: 919: 913: 907: 901: 896: 892: 886: 884: 880: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 848: 844: 840: 831: 826: 818: 816: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 790: 787: 783: 778: 775: 771: 767: 764: 760: 756: 741: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717:Russification 714: 711:began in the 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 685: 683: 680: 676: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 604: 593: 587: 583: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 539: 533: 528: 524: 522: 518: 513: 509: 507: 506: 501: 497: 493: 490: 485: 480: 475: 472: 467: 462: 457: 454: 449: 444: 441: 437: 433: 429: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 364: 361: 358: 352: 347: 344: 339: 335: 332: 328: 322: 317: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 287: 274: 271: 270: 269: 266: 265: 264: 261: 260: 259: 256: 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It is the 3906: 3893: 3858: 3831: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3707: 3692: 3673:imperfective 3665:aspect pairs 3662: 3635:mediopassive 3593: 3576: 3548:instrumental 3513: 3509:inflectional 3497:null-subject 3478: 3454: 3432: 3428:Transnistria 3425: 3406: 3382: 3373: 3311:and eastern 3214:(7) Volynian 3196:Odesa Oblast 3192:Khmelnytskyi 3166:Lemko people 3122:Boyko people 3112:Southwestern 3089: 3043:(5) Slobodan 3015:Southeastern 3007:Brest Region 3003:Rivne Oblast 2999:Volyn Oblast 2989:Rivne Oblast 2923: 2882: 2709: 2696: 2684: 2620: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2532: 2498: 2494: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2444: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2327: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2299: 2293: 2289: 2260:October 2023 2257: 2253:adding to it 2248: 2201: 2190: 2165: 2157: 1788:Subdivisions 1769:Central Asia 1665:108,811,626 1627:125,640,021 1593: 1585: 1583: 1570: 1564: 1532: 1521: 1513:Alexander II 1510: 1501: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1465: 1456: 1441: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1400: 1390: 1386: 1371: 1367:Peter Mogila 1364:Metropolitan 1344:transitional 1337: 1329: 1321:Polonization 1310: 1285: 1253: 1246: 1224: 1200:Petro Mohyla 1168: 1071: 1055: 1029: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 969: 934: 915:("market"), 887: 882: 878: 853: 810:Ivan Ohienko 806:Olena Kurylo 791: 779: 768: 758: 754: 751: 725:Soviet Union 709:Polonization 686: 679:South Slavic 633: 591: 590: 535: 521:Linguasphere 503: 263:Proto-Slavic 230: 216:Balto-Slavic 107: 98: 88: 81: 74: 67: 55: 43:Please help 38:verification 35: 18: 11064:Yakut/Sakha 10927:Azerbaijani 10462:Azerbaijani 10063:Rus' people 9926:Kievan Rus' 9317:Kievan Rus' 9302:Early Slavs 9182:Ivšić's law 9109:Army Slavic 9096:Interslavic 9081:Constructed 8944:West Slavic 8837:East Slavic 8606:West Slavic 8575:Montenegrin 8396:East Slavic 8250:(in Polish) 8219:1897 census 7920:unicode.org 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1823:2,095,579 1820:2,989,482 1801:1,935,412 1797:Bessarabia 1773:7,746,718 1760:4,423,803 1754:5,758,822 1741:1,829,793 1738:1,305,463 1735:9,289,364 1725:6,755,503 1716:9,402,253 1706:1,109,934 1674:6,475,780 1655:1,455,527 1652:8,825,733 1649:1,256,387 1636:7,931,307 1595:guberniyas 1515:'s secret 1498:Ivan Puluj 1492:(1871, by 1484:(1866, by 1452:his decree 1281:Ruthenians 1219:See also: 1188:See also: 1068:Chronology 1058:Belarusian 1045:, between 1021:(bag) and 937:Tatar rule 909:("pipe"), 903:("roof"), 664:Belarusian 629:Ukrainians 176:Ukrainians 101:April 2024 71:newspapers 11099:Ukrainian 11069:Tabasaran 10967:Kabardian 10796:Ukrainian 10776:Bulgarian 10678:Ukrainian 10673:Trasianka 10394:Hungarian 10364:Bulgarian 10296:Ukrainian 10206:Phonology 9916:Animation 9883:Languages 9832:(2009-10) 9800:Education 9774:Transport 9686:Judiciary 9679:Elections 9649:President 9588:Mountains 9537:Geography 9428:Holodomor 9364:Hetmanate 9287:Scythians 9220:indicate 9135:phonology 9083:languages 9071:Trasianka 8897:Kajkavian 8885:Chakavian 8810:Schleifer 8753:Kashubian 8535:Torlakian 8512:Bulgarian 8468:Ukrainian 8433:Ruthenian 8070:Toronto: 8037:(1990) . 6765:Kiev Post 6417:0363-5570 6331:27 August 6226:: 11–30. 6085:Q87193076 6054:Q87193076 6014:19736026M 5970:22276820M 5926:0043-2520 5779:. 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