610:
697: As his theoretical knowledge, clinical experience, understanding of suggestion and autosuggestion, and hypnotic skills expanded, it gradually developed into its final subject-centred versionâan intricate complex of (group) education, (group) hypnotherapy, (group) ego-strengthening, and (group) training in self-suggested pain control; and, following instruction in performing the prescribed self-administration ritual, the twice daily intentional and deliberate (individual) application of its unique formula, "Every day, in every way, Iâm getting better and better".
645: "Around 1903, CouĂ© recommended a new patent medicine, based on its promotional material, which effected an unexpected and immediate cure (Baudouin, 1920, p.90; Shrout, 1985, p.36). CouĂ© (the chemist) found â chemical analysis in his laboratory nothing in the medicine which by the remotest stretch of the imagination accounted for the resultsâ (Shrout, ibid.). CouĂ© (the hypnotist) concluded that it was cure by suggestion; but, rather than CouĂ© having cured him, the man had cured himself by
717:, although only to the extent that the idea is within the realm of possibility. For instance, a person without hands will not be able to make them grow back. However, if a person firmly believes that his or her asthma is disappearing, then this may actually happen, as far as the body is actually able to physically overcome or control the illness. On the other hand, thinking negatively about the illness (e.g. "I am not feeling well") will encourage both mind and body to accept this thought.
1263:" on the basis that the term "was applicable to a wider range of phenomena" (Noble, 1853, p.71; 1854, p.642). Carpenter and Braid immediately agreed with their friend and colleague, Noble; and from that time, Braid, who had earlier spoken of a "mono-ideo-motor principle of action", continuously spoke of a "mono-ideo-dynamic principle of action" being responsible for the generation of hypnotic phenomena (e.g., Braid, 1855, p.852).
519:(i.e., Sage, 1900a), which purported to disclose "secrets science that brings business and social success" and "the hidden mysteries of personal magnetism, hypnotism, magnetic healing, etc.". Deeply impressed by its contents, he purchased the French language version of the associated correspondence course (i.e., Sage, 1900b, and 1900c), created by stage hypnotist extraordinaire, "
667:... an instrument that we possess at birth, and with which we play unconsciously all our life, as a baby plays with its rattle. It is however a dangerous instrument; it can wound or even kill you if you handle it imprudently and unconsciously. It can on the contrary save your life when you know how to employ it consciously.
579:. He undertook an intense study, and was soon skilled enough to offer hypnotism alongside his pharmaceutical enterprise. In the context of LiĂ©beaultâs âhypnosisâ, Braidâs hypnotism, and CouĂ©âs (later) discoveries about autosuggestion, one must recognise the substantially different orientations of LiĂ©beaultâs "
635:. He noticed that, in specific cases, he could increase a medicine's efficacy by praising its effectiveness. He realized that, when compared with those to whom he said nothing, those to whom he praised the medicine had a noticeable improvement (this is suggestive of what would later be identified as a "
745:
Coué believed a patient's problems were likely to increase if his willpower and imagination opposed each other, something Coué referred to as "self-conflict." As the conflict intensifies, so does the problem i.e., the more the patient consciously wants to sleep, the more he becomes awake. The patient
671:
Although Coué never doubted pharmaceutical medicine, and still advocated its application, he also came to believe that one's mental state could positively affect, and even amplify, the pharmaceutical action of medication. He observed that those patients who used his mantra-like conscious suggestion,
736:
Coué noted that young children always applied his method perfectly, as they lacked the willpower that remained present among adults. When he instructed a child by saying "clasp your hands" and then "you can't pull them apart" the child would thus immediately follow his instructions and be unable to
704:
The Coué method centers on a routine repetition of this particular expression according to a specified ritual, in a given physical state, and in the absence of any sort of allied mental imagery, at the beginning and at the end of each day. Coué maintained that curing some of our troubles requires a
507:", of Nancy, with whom he studied in 1885 and 1886 (having taken leave from his business in Troyes). Following this training, "he dabbled with âhypnosisâ in Troyes in 1886, but soon discovered that their LiĂ©beault's techniques were hopeless, and abandoned âhypnosisâ altogether".
758:
patients of all sorts would come to visit him. The list of ailments included kidney problems, diabetes, memory loss, stammering, weakness, atrophy and all sorts of physical and mental illnesses. According to one of his journal entries (1916), he apparently cured a patient of a
705:
change in our subconscious/unconscious thought, which can only be achieved by using our imagination. Although stressing that he was not primarily a healer but one who taught others to heal themselves, Coué claimed to have affected organic changes through autosuggestion.
729:. For the method to work, the patient must refrain from making any independent judgment, meaning that he must not let his will impose its own views on positive ideas. Everything must thus be done to ensure that the positive "autosuggestive" idea is consciously
658:
Coué discovered that subjects could not be hypnotized against their will and, more importantly, that the effects of hypnotic suggestion waned when the subjects regained consciousness. He thus eventually developed the Coué method, and released his first book,
841:
Although, as Myga, Kuehn & Azanon (2022) observe, there has been very little research into autosuggestion, there have been a number of clinical trials supporting the efficacy-claims for autogenic training; and, along with other
676:; lit. 'Every day, from all points of view, I'm getting better and better') â in his view, replacing their "thought of illness" with a new "thought of cure", could augment their pharmaceutical regimen in an efficacious way.
1564:
1206:" ('a trick, or mechanical process'). Note that when Coué referred to his "trick", he was speaking of the mechanism, or "the secret", that was responsible for the approach's success (as in, say, "the trick to the
695: It tentatively began (c.1901) with very directive one-to-one hypnotic interventions, based upon the approaches and techniques that Coué had acquired from an American correspondence course.
1524:
Un Cours Par
Correspondance Sur Le Magnétisme Personnel, Hypnotisme, Mesmérisme, Calmånt Magnétique, Thérapeutiques Suggestives, Psycho-Thérapeutique, Etc, Etc. par X. LaMotte Sage, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D. (Edition
778:
Advocates of autosuggestion appeal to brief case histories published by Ămile CouĂ© describing his use of autohypnosis to cure, for example, enteritis and paralysis from spinal cord injury.
1168:
1572:, (unpublished manuscript), School of the History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
1532:
Cours Supérieur
Traitant du MagnĂ©tisme Personnel, de lâHypnotisme, de la ThĂ©rapeutique Suggestive, et de la GuĂ©rison pour le MagnĂ©tisme, par X. LaMotte Sage, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D.
601:
in 1901; and, in fact, in addition to, and (often) separate from, his auto-suggestive practices, Coué actively used Braid's hypnotism for the rest of his professional life.
811:
By contrast with the conceptualization driving CouĂ©'s auto-suggestive self-administration procedure â namely, that constant repetition creates a situation in which "
631:" â that, on his return to Troyes from his (1886â1886) interlude with LiĂ©beault and Bernheim, he made a practice of reassuring his clients by praising each remedy's
264:
467:, who had both B.A. and B.Sc. degrees before he was 21, graduated top of his class (with First Class Honours) with a degree in pharmacology from the prestigious
431:": which is a "natural phenomenon of our mental life ⊠which takes place without conscious effort with an intensity proportional to the keenness of attention".
693:
evolved over several decades of meticulous observation, theoretical speculation, in-the-field testing, incremental adjustment, and step-by-step transformation.
1010:"used a laborious, monotonous, 'sleep, sleep, sleep' hypnotic induction â thus, his inappropriate, misleading, and ambiguous term âhypnosisâ â to produce a â
860:(Schultz's co-author) was a firm believer that autogenic training was a powerful approach that should only be offered to patients by qualified professionals.
569:
Sage's course supplied the missing piece of the puzzle â namely, Braid-style hypnotic inductions â the solution for which had, up to that time, eluded CouĂ©:
455: (actions, volitions, desires, gestures, movements at the periphery or in the interior of the body, functional or organic modifications)."
623:
Coué was so deeply impressed by
Bernheim's concept of âsuggestive therapeuticsâ â in effect, "an imperfect re-branding of the âdominant ideaâ theory that
1602:
1589:
1576:
1383:
Conroy, M.S. (2014). The
Cosmetics Baron You've Never Heard Of: E. Virgil Neal and Tokalon (Third, Revised Edition). Englewood, CO: Altus History LLC.
689: Continuously, unjustly, and mistakenly trivialised as just a hand-clasp, some unwarranted optimism, and a âmantraâ, CouĂ©âs
819:", "which then, in its turn, generates the response" â the primary target of the entirely different self-administration procedure developed by
1048:
1035:
Given that Coué could read Latin and was fluent in both German and
English meant that an English language book presented no difficulty.
1481:
Elements of
Psychological Medicine: An Introduction to the Practical Study of Insanity Adapted for Students and Junior Practitioners
1101:" â "the whole of phenomena which result from the reciprocal actions of mind and matter upon each other" â see Braid (1855), p.855.
1407:. (âMastery of Oneâs Self through Conscious Autosuggestion: Formerly âSuggestion and its Applicationsââ) Emile CouĂ©, (Nancy), 1922.
910:
1488:
Noble, D. (1854). Three
Lectures on the Correlation of Psychology and Physiology: III. On Ideas, and Their Dynamic Influence,
129:
1364:
Suggestion and
Autosuggestion: A Psychological and Pedagogical Study Based on the Investigations made by the New Nancy School
746:
must thus abandon his willpower and instead put more focus on his imaginative power in order to fully succeed with his cure.
1513:
699: Yeates (2016c), p.55.
1417:
880:
96:
1544:
Westphal, C., & Laxenaire, M. (2012). Ămile CouĂ©: Amuseur ou PrĂ©curseur? (âĂmile CouĂ©: Entertainer or
Forerunnerâ),
815:", which, then, in its turn, "is converted into a corresponding ideomotor, ideosensory, or ideoaffective action, by the
1388:
370:
307:
1631:
1178:
609:
575: "CouĂ© immediately recognised that the courseâs Braid-style of hypnotism was ideal for
445: (sensations, mental images, dreams, visions, memories, opinions, and all intellectual phenomena)."
1457:
Myga, K.A., Kuehn, E., & Azanon, E. (2022), "Autosuggestion: A Cognitive
Process that Empowers your Brain?",
472:
663:(published in 1920 in England and two years later in the United States). He described autosuggestion itself as:
496:
284:
239:
1402:
327:
269:
1405:
La MaĂźtrise de soi-mĂȘme par l'autosuggestion consciente: Autrefois de la suggestion et de ses applications
1375:"On the Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and directing Muscular Movement, independently of Volition",
1060:
895:
890:
559:
1418:
Coué, E. (1922c). Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion. New York, NY: Malkan Publishing Company
1259:", restricted to motion alone, was far to too narrow a term, and he advocated the adoption of the term "
439:(1920, p. 41) made three further useful distinctions, based upon the sources from which they came:
1412:
Coué, E. (1922b). Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion. New York, NY: American Library Service
1370:
628:
1411:
1273:
Stetter F, Kupper S (March 2002). "Autogenic training: a meta-analysis of clinical outcome studies".
820:
800:
401:
in which individuals guide their own thoughts, feelings, or behavior. The technique is often used in
43:
1504:
Rapp, D. (1987). âBetter and Betterââ: CouĂ©ism as a Psychological Craze of the Twenties in England.
1475:
1250:
1207:
920:
830:
184:
1061:
p.399 of Medico-Legal Society of New York (1899), "Transactions: Annual Meeting, December 1899",
915:
870:
317:
1394:
CouĂ©, E. (1912). "De la suggestion et de ses applications" (âSuggestion and its Applicationsâ),
1219:
Wallechinsky, David. "Emile Coue (1857-1926) French Healer." The People's Almanac. 2nd Ed. 1975.
583:", which concentrated on imposing the coercive power of the operatorâs suggestion, and Braidâs "
468:
847:
363:
1487:
1156:
482:
1170:
Anxious in Love: How to Manage Your Anxiety, Reduce Conflict, and Reconnect with Your Partner
624:
159:
139:
795:
is an autosuggestion-centered relaxation technique influenced by the Coué method. In 1932,
1255:
945:
843:
332:
322:
249:
219:
149:
114:
1479:
1393:
1155:"Ămile CouĂ©." EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. 2008. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online. 26 Dec. 2008
8:
733:
by the patient, otherwise one may end up getting the opposite effect of what is desired.
154:
144:
91:
1361:
1298:
825:
792:
787:
500:
312:
274:
189:
124:
1626:
1384:
1339:
1290:
1174:
531:
356:
1302:
587:", which concentrated on activating the transformative power of the subjectâs mind."
1466:
1441:(âThe CouĂ© Method: History of a Twentieth Century Healing Practiceâ). Paris: Seuil.
1329:
1282:
563:
555:
554:), pharmaceutical manufacturer, parfumier, international businessman, confidant of
436:
289:
48:
1374:
1318:"[Development of Autogenic Training Clinical Effectiveness Scale (ATCES)]"
1396:
Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle et de Palethnologie de la Haute-Marne
1228:
1128:
For more on Brown and "dominant ideas", see Yeates (2005), and (2016b), pp.30-35.
955:
875:
464:
413:
394:
279:
169:
164:
119:
1444:
1549:
1470:
1045:
950:
900:
857:
637:
539:
450: (joy or sorrow, emotions, sentiments, tendencies, passions)."
387:
214:
199:
174:
58:
1286:
1110:
Baudouin (1920), pp.257-258; Orton (1955), p.48; Yeates (2016a, 2016b, 2016c).
1620:
925:
551:
402:
259:
254:
234:
224:
204:
194:
68:
63:
632:
521:
Professor Xenophon LaMotte Sage, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D., of Rochester, New York
471:
in Paris in 1882. Having spent an additional six months as an intern at the
1559:
1343:
1294:
905:
885:
726:
435:
In relation to Coué's group of "spontaneous auto-suggestions", his student
244:
229:
73:
53:
20:
1334:
1317:
930:
813:
a particular idea saturates the microcognitive environment of 'the mind'âŠ
543:
535:
492:
209:
1539:
Modern Scientific Hypnosis: From Ancient Mystery to Contemporary Science
1503:
1146:
Coué, E: "Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion", page 19, 1922
935:
851:
510:
476:
398:
391:
337:
179:
1594:(II): Hypnotism, Suggestion, Ego-Strengthening, and Autosuggestion",
940:
547:
134:
1420:. (A partial translation of Coué (1922a) by Archibald S. Van Orden).
653:
1414:. (A complete translation, by unknown translator, of Coué (1922a).)
1202:
Coué, E: "How to Practice Suggestion and Autosuggestion" page 45. "
767:
763:
672:"Every day, in every way, I'm getting better and better", (French:
488:
397:
at the beginning of the 20th century. It is a form of self-induced
29:
1439:
La Méthode Coué: Histoire d'une Pratique de Guérison au XXe SiÚcle
647:
continuously telling himself the same thing that Coué had told him
1316:
Ikezuki M, Miyauchi Y, Yamaguchi H, Koshikawa F (February 2002).
1315:
796:
483:"Hypnosis" à la Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim
760:
674:
Tous les jours, Ă tous points de vue, je vais de mieux en mieux
566:, and fugitive from justice, who moved to France in the 1920s.
342:
713:
Coué thus developed a method which relied on the belief that
806:
725:
Coué observed that the main obstacle to autosuggestion was
1609:
Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis
1596:
Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis
1583:
Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis
715:
any idea exclusively occupying the mind turns into reality
1193:
Brooks, C.H., "The practice of autosuggestion", p62, 1922
515:
In 1901, Coué sent to the United States for a free book,
1516:
Hypnotism as It is: A Book for Everybody (Sixth Edition)
1229:
Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion:Emile Coue
530:
In real life, Xenophon LaMotte Sage was none other than
416:
identified two very different types of self-suggestion:
1518:, New York State Publishing Company, (Rochester), 1900.
1377:
Royal Institution of Great Britain, (Proceedings), 1852
1167:
Daitch, Carolyn; Lorberbaum, Lissah (1 December 2012).
475:
in Paris, he returned to Troyes, where he worked as an
1447:
American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research
1210:
is âŠ"), he was not speaking of deceiving his subject.
16:
Psychological technique related to the placebo effect
1554:
Yankauer, A., The Therapeutic Mantra of Emile Coué,
1534:, New York Institute of Science, (Rochester), 1900.
1097:
For more on Braid's overarching conceptualization, "
833:, rather than (as Coué's did) to affect 'the mind'.
511:
Hypnotism Ă la James Braid and Xenophon LaMotte Sage
1527:, New York Institute of Science, (Rochester), 1900.
1445:Hamlat, S., "Autosuggestion: Theory and Practice",
1546:Annales MĂ©dico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique
1014:â (âspellboundâ) state" (Yeates, 2016a, pp.11-12).
453:"Instances belonging to the active or motor domain
1611:, Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp. 55â79.
1598:, Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp. 28â54.
1558:, Vol.42, No.4, (Summer 1999), pp. 489â495.
1427:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company.
836:
604:
443:"Instances belonging to the representative domain
1618:
1603:Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016c), "Ămile CouĂ© and his
1590:Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016b), "Ămile CouĂ© and his
1585:, Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp. 3â27.
1577:Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016a), "Ămile CouĂ© and his
1166:
1044:It is significant that the career of the French
1581:(I): The Chemist of Thought and Human Action",
803:developed and published on autogenic training.
424:": made by deliberate and conscious effort, and
1362:Baudouin, C. (Paul, E & Paul, C. trans.),
523:" (who had been admitted into the prestigious
1500:, Thorsons Publishers Limited, (London) 1955.
1272:
661:Self-Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion
364:
1231:. Psychomaster.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.
617:Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind
448:"Instances belonging to the affective domain
386:is a psychological technique related to the
1492:, Vol.3, No.81, (21 July 1854), pp.642-646.
1366:, George Allen & Unwin, (London), 1920.
408:
1149:
371:
357:
1425:My Method: Including American Impressions
1333:
854:â has replaced CouĂ©'s method in therapy.
807:Conceptual difference from Autosuggestion
1498:Hypnotism Made Practical (Tenth Edition)
1275:Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
766:as well as "violent pains in the head" (
708:
608:
1160:
654:The birth of "Conscious Autosuggestion"
593:Although he had abandoned Liébeault's "
1619:
1022:
1020:
781:
1556:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
1430:Coué, E., & Orton, J.L. (1924).
1379:, (12 March 1852), pp. 147â153.
993:See Yeates, 2016a, 2016b, and 2016c.
881:Hypnotic Ego-Strengthening Procedure
754:With his method, which Coué called "
534:(1868-1949), the multi-millionaire,
97:Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
1541:, (Wellingborough), Thorsons, 1985.
550:pioneer (he launched the career of
13:
1434:. London: T. Fisher Unwin Limited.
1017:
911:The SalpĂȘtriĂšre School of Hypnosis
679:
308:Hypnotherapy in the United Kingdom
14:
1643:
1483:, John Churchill, (London), 1853.
613:Brown's "Affections of the Mind",
1607:(III): Every Day in Every Way",
749:
740:
525:Medico-Legal Society of New York
1309:
1266:
1243:
1234:
1222:
1213:
1196:
1187:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1091:
1082:
817:ideodynamic principle of action
487:In 1885, his investigations of
473:Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital
1173:. New Harbinger Publications.
1073:
1054:
1051:also began with Sage's course.
1038:
1029:
996:
987:
978:
969:
837:Efficacy of Autogenic training
605:Suggestion and Auto-suggestion
597:" in 1886, he adopted Braid's
1:
1567:An Account of Thomas Brownâs
1550:doi=10.1016/j.amp.2011.12.001
1354:
459:
1569:Philosophy of the Human Mind
1253:suggested that Carpenter's "
1204:un truc ou procédé mécanique
962:
720:
503:, two leading exponents of "
328:Neuro-linguistic programming
19:For the computing term, see
7:
1565:Yeates, Lindsay B. (2005),
1490:Association Medical Journal
1459:Experimental Brain Research
1119:Yeates (2005), p. 119.
1006:, Liébeault and Bernheim's
891:Intrapersonal communication
863:
773:
560:Order of the Crown of Italy
429:spontaneous auto-suggestion
10:
1648:
1548:, 170(1), pp. 36â38.
1506:Studies in Popular Culture
1471:10.1007/s00221-021-06265-8
1079:See Conroy (2014), passim.
975:Baudouin (1920), pp.33-34.
785:
497:Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault
285:André Muller Weitzenhoffer
240:Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault
18:
1560:doi=10.1353/pbm.1999.0012
1432:Conscious Auto-Suggestion
1240:Yeates (2016b), pp.39,40.
1183:– via Google Books.
1002:As distinct from Braid's
821:Johannes Heinrich Schultz
422:reflective autosuggestion
44:Age regression in therapy
1632:Positive mental attitude
921:Self-fulfilling prophecy
831:autonomic nervous system
409:Typological distinctions
185:William Collins Engledue
115:Theodore Xenophon Barber
1530:Sage, X. LaM. (1900c).
1522:Sage, X. LaM. (1900b).
1514:Sage, X. LaM. (1900a).
1465:(2), pp. 381â394.
1437:Guillemain, H. (2010),
1287:10.1023/A:1014576505223
984:Yeates (2016a), pp.6-7.
916:Self-defeating prophecy
896:Mindâbody interventions
871:Behavioral confirmation
581:suggestive therapeutics
318:Hypnotic susceptibility
848:progressive relaxation
701:
669:
627:had appropriated from
620:
558:, Commandatore of the
1137:Yeates (2016c), p.63.
1088:Yeates (2016a), p.13.
844:relaxation techniques
737:unclasp their hands.
709:Underlying principles
687:
665:
612:
491:and the power of the
160:Robert Hanham Collyer
1453:(5), pp. 63-69.
1335:10.4992/jjpsy.72.475
1063:Medico-Legal Journal
1026:Yeates, 2016a, p.12.
946:Think aloud protocol
829:, was to affect the
615:as discussed in his
469:CollĂšge Sainte-Barbe
333:Posthypnotic amnesia
323:Ideomotor phenomenon
250:Martin Theodore Orne
220:Josephine R. Hilgard
150:William Joseph Bryan
577:mental therapeutics
479:from 1882 to 1910.
265:Marquis of Puységur
155:Jean-Martin Charcot
145:John Milne Bramwell
92:History of hypnosis
1403:Coué, E. (1922a).
826:Autogenic Training
793:Autogenic training
788:Autogenic training
782:Autogenic training
621:
517:Hypnotism as It is
501:Hippolyte Bernheim
313:Hypnotic induction
275:Theodore R. Sarbin
190:Milton H. Erickson
130:Alexandre Bertrand
125:Hippolyte Bernheim
1423:Coué, E. (1923).
1398:, 2(1), pp.25-46.
1322:Shinrigaku Kenkyu
1099:psycho-physiology
585:psycho-physiology
562:, Officer of the
532:Ewing Virgil Neal
381:
380:
1639:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1270:
1264:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1069:(3), pp.399-402.
1058:
1052:
1046:parapsychologist
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1015:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
801:Johannes Schultz
638:placebo response
564:Legion of Honour
437:Charles Baudouin
427:unintentional, "
373:
366:
359:
290:Michael D. Yapko
49:Animal magnetism
26:
25:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1371:Carpenter, W.B.
1357:
1352:
1351:
1314:
1310:
1271:
1267:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1059:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:Visual thinking
866:
839:
809:
790:
784:
776:
752:
743:
723:
711:
702:
698:
696:
694:
686:
685:La méthode Coué
682:
680:The Coué method
656:
614:
607:
513:
485:
462:
454:
449:
444:
411:
390:, developed by
377:
348:
347:
303:
295:
294:
280:Nicholas Spanos
170:John Bovee Dods
120:Deirdre Barrett
110:
102:
101:
87:
86:Origins/History
79:
78:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1614:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1574:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1537:Shrout, R.N.,
1535:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1473:
1455:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1389:978-0982631423
1381:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1308:
1265:
1242:
1233:
1221:
1212:
1195:
1186:
1179:
1159:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1053:
1037:
1028:
1016:
995:
986:
977:
967:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:
953:
951:Thomas theorem
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:Mind-wandering
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
865:
862:
858:Wolfgang Luthe
838:
835:
808:
805:
786:Main article:
783:
780:
775:
772:
751:
748:
742:
739:
722:
719:
710:
707:
684:
683:
681:
678:
655:
652:
651:
650:
606:
603:
591:
590:
589:
588:
512:
509:
484:
481:
461:
458:
457:
456:
451:
446:
433:
432:
425:
420:intentional, "
410:
407:
388:placebo effect
384:Autosuggestion
379:
378:
376:
375:
368:
361:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
304:
302:Related topics
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
215:Ernest Hilgard
212:
207:
202:
200:John Elliotson
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
175:Baron du Potet
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
66:
61:
59:Stage hypnosis
56:
51:
46:
40:
37:
36:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1644:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1508:,10(2), 17-36
1507:
1502:
1499:
1496:Orton, J.L.,
1495:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1328:(6): 475â81.
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1182:
1180:9781608822331
1176:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
990:
981:
972:
968:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Self-hypnosis
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
861:
859:
855:
853:
849:
845:
834:
832:
828:
827:
822:
818:
814:
804:
802:
799:psychiatrist
798:
794:
789:
779:
771:
769:
765:
762:
757:
750:Effectiveness
747:
741:Self-conflict
738:
734:
732:
728:
718:
716:
706:
700:
692:
677:
675:
668:
664:
662:
648:
644:
643:
642:
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
618:
611:
602:
600:
596:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
572:
571:
570:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Carl R. Byoir
549:
545:
542:, publisher,
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
452:
447:
442:
441:
440:
438:
430:
426:
423:
419:
418:
417:
415:
406:
404:
403:self-hypnosis
400:
396:
393:
389:
385:
374:
369:
367:
362:
360:
355:
354:
352:
351:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
299:
298:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
270:Andrew Salter
268:
266:
263:
261:
260:Morton Prince
258:
256:
255:Charles Poyen
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
235:Irving Kirsch
233:
231:
228:
226:
225:Clark L. Hull
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
205:Sigmund Freud
203:
201:
198:
196:
195:James Esdaile
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
106:
105:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
83:
82:
75:
72:
70:
69:Hypnoanalysis
67:
65:
64:Self-hypnosis
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
41:
35:
34:
31:
28:
27:
22:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1555:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1480:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1404:
1395:
1376:
1363:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1281:(1): 45â98.
1278:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1251:Daniel Noble
1245:
1236:
1224:
1215:
1203:
1198:
1189:
1169:
1162:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1049:Michel Moine
1040:
1031:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
989:
980:
971:
906:Nancy School
886:Inner critic
856:
840:
824:
816:
812:
810:
791:
777:
755:
753:
744:
735:
730:
724:
714:
712:
703:
690:
688:
673:
670:
666:
660:
657:
646:
636:
629:Thomas Brown
622:
616:
598:
594:
592:
584:
580:
576:
568:
536:calligrapher
529:
524:
520:
516:
514:
504:
486:
463:
434:
428:
421:
412:
383:
382:
245:Franz Mesmer
230:Pierre Janet
74:Hypnosurgery
54:Hypnotherapy
38:Applications
21:Autocomplete
1261:ideodynamic
931:Self-schema
823:, known as
544:advertising
495:began with
493:imagination
210:Erika Fromm
140:James Braid
109:Key figures
1621:Categories
1355:References
1256:ideo-motor
936:Suggestion
876:Ămile CouĂ©
852:meditation
846:â such as
527:in 1899).
477:apothecary
465:Ămile CouĂ©
460:Ămile CouĂ©
414:Ămile CouĂ©
399:suggestion
395:Ămile CouĂ©
392:pharmacist
338:Suggestion
180:Dave Elman
165:Ămile CouĂ©
1476:Noble, D.
1208:hook shot
1004:hypnotism
963:Footnotes
941:Telepathy
756:un truc,"
727:willpower
721:Willpower
599:hypnotism
556:Mussolini
548:marketing
540:hypnotist
489:hypnotism
135:Gil Boyne
1627:Hypnosis
1525:Revisée)
1344:11977841
1303:22876957
1295:12001885
1249:In 1853,
1008:hypnosis
864:See also
774:Evidence
768:migraine
764:prolapse
731:accepted
633:efficacy
595:hypnosis
505:hypnosis
30:Hypnosis
1605:Method
1592:Method
1579:Method
1387:
1342:
1301:
1293:
1177:
1012:charme
797:German
761:uterus
691:method
343:Trance
1299:S2CID
625:Braid
1385:ISBN
1340:PMID
1291:PMID
1175:ISBN
850:and
641:").
499:and
1467:doi
1463:240
1330:doi
1283:doi
770:).
1623::
1478:,
1461:,
1449:,
1373:,
1338:.
1326:72
1324:.
1320:.
1297:.
1289:.
1279:27
1277:.
1067:17
1065:,
1019:^
649:."
538:,
405:.
1510:.
1469::
1451:3
1346:.
1332::
1305:.
1285::
619:.
546:/
372:e
365:t
358:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.