114:. Gruenewald (1982) commented on Freud's discoveries and stated that Freud recognised that hypnosis can be used as a way to revive memories whilst the patient is in a trance-like state. Freud's work on hypnosis assisted with his finding on the Principle of Transference. He discovered that during the process of hypnosis, there is an encounter between the past and present version of the individual undergoing hypnosis. Both Freud and Breuer carried out hypnosis treatments, by hypnotizing women, in order to have a better understanding of hypnoanalysis. However, due to the “
17:
184:
the treatment was short and the trauma took place recently during adulthood. Later on in 1949, Walkins put forward his “in-and-out” method. In order to help patients (with war shocks and traumas), Walkins would take the patient out of their hypnotic state 12-15 times within one session that lasts roughly an hour long. Walkins carried out this new method of hypnosis as it would help the patient integrate the
267:
similar ideas to connect older events, an affect bridge helps the client remember an older memory by recalling other memories that have the same associated emotion. Some patients have reported that when they regress to a memory from much earlier in life, that they feel their body returns to its correct chronological age. This can cause them to feel young and small.
143: was the first to realise that during Hypnosis, patients usually had more than one traumatic event that caused their psyche to be weakened. This made psychologists realise that the human mind repressed traumatic memories from the consciousness to prevent hysteria. When Hypnosis was used alongside understanding past traumas,
266:
in therapy patients. It can be used for direct recall or in more indirect ways that involve other therapeutic approaches such as drawing and free writing. A technique used in hypnoanalysis called the "affect bridge" differs from treatment during regular psychoanalysis. Whereas psychoanalysis may use
183:
clinic of the Army general hospital, Buckley (1950) noticed that 9 of 22 cases of head trauma with an “alteration of consciousness” were treated using hypnosis for a time period of 1 to 15 weeks and the treatments were successful. The use of hypnosis to cure war traumas was particularly effective as
275:
Hypnosis treatments can cause unwanted side effects, although rare, some patients experience adverse reactions to hypnosis either straight after the treatment or a few days later. Side effects when undergoing hypnosis therapy include: being anxious of the process when being induced, having trouble
138:
due to war shocks (Hadfield, 1920; Brown, 1921). Hypnosis was a frequently used treatment during the time period of the War, as many people had traumatic war experiences, the army hospitals were under a significant amount of pressure so each patient needed to be treated quickly.
151:(1937) explained that for some patients when undergoing hypnosis, they can become unconscious whilst reliving experiences that were traumatic, In 1941, Kubie discovered that during hypnosis, it is possible to alter existing memories.
74:, who claimed that he invented the term to describe the use of hypnosis to retrieve memories, particularly among patients who have amnesia. Other authors who contributed to its development include psychoanalyst
300:
and hysterical disorders, using hypnosis as a form of therapy is not recommended as they may become agitated. Patients may fall asleep during treatments if they do not rest well beforehand.
86:
is particularly noted for her collaboration with Daniel Brown and
Michael Nash, which produced their works detailing the benefits of hypnoanalysis in the 1980s and 1990s.
102: by 1985. Breuer discovered that hypnosis could be used, as a form of therapy, to help a hysterical patient to recall the events that caused their
204:
or verbal repetition. When undergoing hypnoanalysis, patients are usually more open to changes as they are put in a trance-like state of relaxation.
20:
A hypnotic regression session, where the patient is relieving anxiety by experiencing memories without negative mentions being attached to them.
67:
409:
Campbell, Robert Jean; M.D, Director Gracie Square
Hospital and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Robert Jean Campbell (2004).
836:
809:
782:
755:
624:
597:
570:
543:
470:
445:
393:
642:"Hysteria and depression: the frequency and significance of hysterical personality features in hospitalized depressed women"
501:
420:
340:
276:
awakening from their dream-like state and possible time distortions. More general side effects for patients include:
130:. Before WWI, hypnosis was mainly used to revive experiences that were either repressed or forgotten
118:” aspect of hypnosis, Freud's wife became jealous therefore, Freud discontinued his work on hypnoanalysis.
106:. Following from this, both Freud and Breuer laid down the fundamental ideologies for psychotherapy today,
318:
111:
140:
163:. The patient would firstly be hypnotised and given “protective suggestions” and in order to prevent
297:
356:
Zindel, J. Philip (14 October 2015). "Hypnoanalyse ". In
Revenstorf, Dirk; Peter, Burkhard (eds.).
228:
936:
493:
410:
134:. However, during WWI, hypnosis began to be used in other ways for example, for patients with
487:
332:
826:
799:
772:
745:
614:
587:
560:
533:
131:
200:
Hypnosis is usually carried out with the help of a therapist using the technique of either
168:
8:
687:
Tasca, Cecilia; Rapetti, Mariangela; Carta, Mauro
Giovanni; Fadda, Bianca (2012-10-19).
721:
688:
219:. Other conditions that use hypnosis as treatment include: pain control (pains such as
208:
148:
941:
912:
877:
869:
832:
805:
778:
751:
726:
708:
669:
661:
620:
593:
566:
539:
497:
466:
441:
416:
389:
336:
904:
861:
716:
700:
653:
381:
263:
212:
185:
48:
16:
895:
M.D, Edith
Klemperer (1954-04-01). "Changes of the body image in hypnoanalysis".
385:
377:
180:
164:
704:
489:
Integrating
Hypnosis with Psychotherapy: The Legacy of Buddhism and Neuroscience
463:
Integrating
Hypnosis with Psychotherapy: The Legacy of Buddhism and Neuroscience
70:
first used to describe the hypnotic state. The term hypnoanalysis was coined by
852:
Watkins, John G. (1971-01-01). "The affect bridge: A hypnoanalytic technique".
328:
71:
51:
32:
908:
865:
115:
930:
916:
873:
712:
665:
216:
189:
99:
95:
75:
36:
730:
641:
289:
256:
232:
201:
172:
171:. This became the procedure that future therapists began to follow. During
160:
881:
673:
657:
127:
83:
79:
369:
277:
255:
and can be used to ease the side effects for cancer treatments such as
236:
224:
293:
285:
252:
248:
144:
107:
44:
281:
240:
176:
103:
28:
373:
244:
135:
365:
362:
324:
220:
40:
262:
Hypnoanalysis is often used with the intention of uncovering
207:
Hypnosis in modern-day is usually used to reduce a patient's
94:
Hypnosis in the framework of psychotherapy was used by
438:
Medical
Hypnosis - Volume I - The Principles of Hypnotherapy
159:
Erickson and Kubie (1941) used hypnosis as a cure for acute
854:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
126:
The term hypno-analysis was first used by Hadfield during
415:. New York: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 317.
686:
147:
would be produced, this was useful during treatment.
801:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
774:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
747:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
689:"Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health"
616:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
589:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
562:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
535:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
519:
The Handbook of Brief Psychotherapy by Hypnoanalysis
358:
Hypnose in Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizin
693:
Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health
175:, the use of hypnosis as a treatment for war for
928:
412:Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, Eight Edition
897:Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
639:
408:
720:
62:Hypnoanalysis is derived from the prefix
465:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 11.
235:), changing unhealthy behaviors such as
167:, the treatment would be followed up by
15:
851:
824:
640:Lazare, A.; Klerman, G. L. (May 1968).
435:
316:
215:before they undergo procedures such as
929:
355:
43:state induced by hypnosis to effect a
798:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
771:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
744:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
613:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
586:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
559:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
532:Ph.D, John A. Scott Sr (2011-03-18).
516:
485:
460:
797:
770:
743:
612:
585:
558:
531:
894:
13:
646:The American Journal of Psychiatry
68:Étienne Félix d'Henin de Cuvillers
14:
953:
825:Wolberg, Lewis R. (2013-10-02).
888:
845:
818:
791:
764:
737:
680:
633:
606:
579:
154:
552:
525:
510:
479:
454:
429:
402:
349:
310:
121:
1:
521:. AuthorHouse. pp. 3–10.
303:
132:(Ambrose & Newbold, 1985)
39:. It attempts to utilize the
386:10.1007/978-3-642-54577-1_24
47:understanding of a person's
7:
705:10.2174/1745017901208010110
10:
958:
436:Wolberg, Lewis R. (2013).
57:
27:is the technique of using
909:10.1080/00207145408409948
866:10.1080/00207147108407148
831:. Butterworth-Heinemann.
486:Araoz, Daniel L. (2012).
461:Araoz, Daniel L. (2012).
270:
229:irritable bowel syndrome
112:Mechanisms of Repression
89:
78:and German psychologist
517:Scott, John. A (2011).
317:Wolberg, Lewis (1946).
179:became popular. In the
195:
21:
658:10.1176/ajp.124.8S.48
161:hysterical depression
72:James Arthur Hadfield
19:
380:. pp. 297–304.
292:. For patients with
288:and the creation of
169:posthypnotic amnesia
652:(11): Suppl:48–56.
364:] (in German).
298:clinical depression
66:, which the French
31:in the practice of
440:. Read Books Ltd.
264:repressed memories
22:
838:978-1-4831-9546-9
811:978-1-4567-1791-9
784:978-1-4567-1791-9
757:978-1-4567-1791-9
626:978-1-4567-1791-9
599:978-1-4567-1791-9
572:978-1-4567-1791-9
545:978-1-4567-1791-9
472:978-0-7864-9071-4
447:978-1-4733-9173-4
395:978-3-642-54576-4
949:
921:
920:
892:
886:
885:
849:
843:
842:
822:
816:
815:
804:. Author House.
795:
789:
788:
777:. Author House.
768:
762:
761:
750:. Author House.
741:
735:
734:
724:
684:
678:
677:
637:
631:
630:
619:. Author House.
610:
604:
603:
592:. Author House.
583:
577:
576:
565:. Author House.
556:
550:
549:
538:. Author House.
529:
523:
522:
514:
508:
507:
483:
477:
476:
458:
452:
451:
433:
427:
426:
406:
400:
399:
353:
347:
346:
314:
251:associated with
181:neuropsychiatric
108:Cathartic Method
957:
956:
952:
951:
950:
948:
947:
946:
927:
926:
925:
924:
893:
889:
850:
846:
839:
823:
819:
812:
796:
792:
785:
769:
765:
758:
742:
738:
685:
681:
638:
634:
627:
611:
607:
600:
584:
580:
573:
557:
553:
546:
530:
526:
515:
511:
504:
484:
480:
473:
459:
455:
448:
434:
430:
423:
407:
403:
396:
354:
350:
343:
315:
311:
306:
273:
198:
157:
124:
92:
60:
12:
11:
5:
955:
945:
944:
939:
937:Psychoanalysis
923:
922:
903:(2): 157–162.
887:
844:
837:
817:
810:
790:
783:
763:
756:
736:
679:
632:
625:
605:
598:
578:
571:
551:
544:
524:
509:
502:
496:. p. 11.
478:
471:
453:
446:
428:
421:
401:
394:
348:
341:
329:United Kingdom
308:
307:
305:
302:
290:false memories
272:
269:
197:
194:
156:
153:
123:
120:
91:
88:
59:
56:
52:psychodynamics
33:psychoanalysis
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
954:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
840:
834:
830:
829:
828:Hypnoanalysis
821:
813:
807:
803:
802:
794:
786:
780:
776:
775:
767:
759:
753:
749:
748:
740:
732:
728:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
683:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
636:
628:
622:
618:
617:
609:
601:
595:
591:
590:
582:
574:
568:
564:
563:
555:
547:
541:
537:
536:
528:
520:
513:
505:
503:9780786490714
499:
495:
491:
490:
482:
474:
468:
464:
457:
449:
443:
439:
432:
424:
422:0-19-515221-2
418:
414:
413:
405:
397:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
352:
344:
342:9781483195469
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
320:Hypnoanalysis
313:
309:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
268:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:breast biopsy
214:
210:
205:
203:
202:mental images
193:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
152:
150:
146:
142:
137:
133:
129:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
87:
85:
81:
77:
76:Lewis Wolberg
73:
69:
65:
55:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:psychotherapy
34:
30:
26:
25:Hypnoanalysis
18:
900:
896:
890:
860:(1): 21–27.
857:
853:
847:
827:
820:
800:
793:
773:
766:
746:
739:
696:
692:
682:
649:
645:
635:
615:
608:
588:
581:
561:
554:
534:
527:
518:
512:
488:
481:
462:
456:
437:
431:
411:
404:
361:
357:
351:
319:
312:
280:, distress,
274:
261:
257:chemotherapy
233:fibromyalgia
206:
199:
173:World War II
158:
155:World War II
125:
93:
63:
61:
24:
23:
699:: 110–119.
249:hot flashes
186:unconscious
128:World War I
122:World War I
80:Erika Fromm
49:unconscious
931:Categories
370:Heidelberg
304:References
278:drowsiness
237:overeating
225:childbirth
917:0095-988X
874:0020-7144
713:1745-0179
666:0002-953X
494:McFarland
333:Heinemann
294:psychosis
286:dizziness
282:headaches
253:menopause
190:conscious
145:catharsis
116:libidinal
45:conscious
942:Hypnosis
731:23115576
378:Springer
241:insomnia
177:neuroses
149:Erickson
104:hysteria
29:hypnosis
882:5100851
722:3480686
674:5656769
374:Germany
245:smoking
213:anxiety
211:and/or
136:amnesia
58:History
915:
880:
872:
835:
808:
781:
754:
729:
719:
711:
672:
664:
623:
596:
569:
542:
500:
469:
444:
419:
392:
366:Berlin
339:
325:London
221:cancer
209:stress
192:mind.
100:Breuer
41:trance
360:[
271:Risks
165:guilt
141:Brown
96:Freud
90:Freud
84:Fromm
64:hypno
913:ISSN
878:PMID
870:ISSN
833:ISBN
806:ISBN
779:ISBN
752:ISBN
727:PMID
709:ISSN
670:PMID
662:ISSN
621:ISBN
594:ISBN
567:ISBN
540:ISBN
498:ISBN
467:ISBN
442:ISBN
417:ISBN
390:ISBN
337:ISBN
243:and
231:and
188:and
110:and
98:and
35:and
905:doi
862:doi
717:PMC
701:doi
654:doi
650:124
382:doi
196:Use
82:.
933::
911:.
899:.
876:.
868:.
858:19
856:.
725:.
715:.
707:.
695:.
691:.
668:.
660:.
648:.
644:.
492:.
388:.
376::
372:,
335:.
331::
327:,
323:.
296:,
284:,
259:.
247:,
239:,
227:,
223:,
54:.
919:.
907::
901:2
884:.
864::
841:.
814:.
787:.
760:.
733:.
703::
697:8
676:.
656::
629:.
602:.
575:.
548:.
506:.
475:.
450:.
425:.
398:.
384::
368:/
345:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
