August Revolution - Knowledge

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column from Yunnan. Vietnamese VNQDD fighters accompanied the Chinese soldiers. Ho Chi Minh ordered his DRV administration to set quotas for rice to give to the Chinese soldiers and rice was sold in Chinese currency in the red River delta. Lu Han occupied the French governor general's palace after ejecting the French staff under Sainteny. Chinese soldiers occupied northern Indochina north of the 16th parallel while the British under the South-East Asia Command of Lord Mountbatten occupied the south. Chiang Kai-shek deliberately withheld his crack and well trained soldiers from occupying Vietnam since he was going to use them to fight the Communists inside China and instead sent undisciplined warlord troops from Yunnan under Lu Han to occupy north Vietnam and Hanoi north of the 16th parallel to disarm and get Japanese troops to surrender.

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out and cheated the Allies by surrendering Indochina to Japan and that France had no right to return. Ho Chi Minh dumped the blame on Dong Minh Hoi and VNQDD for signing the agreement with France for returning its soldiers to Vietnam after he had to do it himself. Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh tried to organize welcome parades for Chinese soldiers in northern Vietnam and covered for instances of bad behavior by warlord soldiers, trying to reassure Vietnamese that the warlord troops of Lu Han were only there temporarily and that China supported Vietnam's independence. Viet Minh newspapers said that the same ancestors (huyết thống) and culture were shared by Vietnamese and Chinese and that the Chinese heroically fought Japan and changed in the

1921: 221: 210: 160: 254: 236: 175: 187: 1832:, triumphed over both the Communist Party's Democratic Front and the "bourgeois" Constitutionalists in elections to the colonial Cochinchina Council. Governor-General Brévié, who set the results aside, wrote to French Colonial Minister Mandel: "the Trotskyists under the leadership of Ta Thu Thau, want to take advantage of a possible war in order to win total liberation." The Stalinists, on the other hand, are "following the position of the Communist Party in France" and "will thus be loyal if war breaks out." 2193:, Ho Chi Minh's sense of urgency would grow causing him to ramp up preparations in order to proclaim a swift and decisive revolution following the official surrender of Japan in order to take the country before the French could return. In order to retain his leadership he knew that he had to demonstrate both legitimacy and strength and quickly called for a meeting between the Việt Minh and other Vietnamese nationalist political figures, on 13 August many delegates met at Tan Trao where they established the 2830:

incident in Kiến An district on 6 March 1946 after Hồ Đức Thành and Đào Văn Biểu, special commissioners sent from Hanoi by Ho's DRV examined the case. Ho Chi Minh appeased and granted numerous concessions to the Chinese soldiers to avoid the possibility of them clashing with the Viet Minh, with him ordering Vietnamese not to carry out anything against Chinese soldiers and pledging his life on his promise, hoping the Chinese would disarm the Japanese soldiers and finish their mission as fast as possible.

73: 2821:(Hsiao Wen) and the Kuomintang central government of China was disinterested in occupying Vietnam beyond the allotted time period and involving itself in the war between the Viet Minh and the French, the Yunnan warlord Lu Han held the opposite view and wanted to occupy Vietnam to prevent the French returning and establish a Chinese trusteeship of Vietnam under the principles of the Atlantic Charter with the aim of eventually preparing Vietnam for independence and blocking the French from returning. 2855:

Yunnan, China for sanctuary and aid from the Chinese Communists. A French reporter was told "We know what war always is, We understand your soldiers taking our animals, our jewelry, our Buddhas; it is normal. We are resigned to their raping our wives and our daughters; war has always been like that. But we object to being treated in the same way, not only our sons, but ourselves, old men and dignitaries that we are." by Vietnamese village notables. Vietnamese rape victims became "half insane".

2804:, to cross into Vietnam to accept the surrender of the Japanese 38th Army. The Chinese, unlike the British in the south, refused to prepare the way for an immediate French return; to maintain order in Hanoi and keep the city functioning, they allowed the Vietnamese Provisional Government to remain in control. With that breathing space, Hồ Chí Minh was able to maneuver against and then to eliminate his domestic rivals, thus strengthening Việt Minh control over northern Vietnamese politics. 2304:, the battle of Thái Nguyên was the event that officially "marked the liberation of Vietnam". During the battle itself only sporadic fighting broke out, as the Japanese were situated in an old French fort and the Americans were all, except for Major Thomas, away from the battle in an outside safehouse. On 25 August the final battle at Thái Nguyên ended with the Japanese surrendering agreeing to stay "confined to their post". This marked the liberation of the city of 2967: 2817:

soldiers were given two thirds by Ho Chi Minh. For 15 days elections were postponed by Ho Chi Minh in response to a demand by Chinese general Chen Xiuhe on 18 December 1945 so that the Chinese could get the Dong Minh Hoi and VNQDD to prepare. The Chinese left only in April–June 1946. Ho Chi Minh gave golden smoking paraphernalia and a golden opium pipe to the Chinese general Lu Han after gold week and purchased weapons with what was left of the proceeds.

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gunboats, and diplomats in the 19th century had set off repeated periods of resistance because of the loyalty of the Vietnamese people to the Nguyen monarchy and traditional Confucian values, which were completely in conflict with European, notably French, interests. From the beginning of the French occupation of Vietnam, thousands of poorly-armed Vietnamese reacted to foreign control with various rebellions, a major one being the

2881:. For their part, the French agreed to two provisions that they had no intention of honouring. French troops north of the 16th parallel were limited to 15,000 men for a period of five years, and a referendum was to be held on the issue of unifying the Vietnamese regions. The agreement entangled the French and Vietnamese in joint military operations and fruitless negotiations for several months. 2638:, Chairman of the Administrative Committee of Nam Bộ, stepped on the stage to call on the people to unite around Ho Chi Minh's government, raise vigilance against the colonisers in case they return to invade Vietnam again. The rally soon turned into an anti-French protest, in response the French started shooting at the protestors killing 47 and injuring more. 3859:"Quốc ấn của vua Bảo Đại lưu lạc ở Pháp? – 31/03/2011 – 06:25 – Sau khi Hoàng hậu Nam Phương qua đời (1963), quốc ấn Hoàng đế Chi Bửu nằm trong tay Hoàng thái tử Bảo Long. Khoảng năm 1982, sau ngày Bảo Đại làm giấy hôn thú với bà Monique Baudot (người Pháp), ông nhận lại chiếc ấn từ con trai mình. Từ đó, không còn thấy ai nhắc gì tới chiếc ấn này nữa" 1912:, to co-operate with Japan and to declare Vietnam independent of France. On 11 March 1945, Bảo Đại did just that by abrogating the Franco-Vietnamese Treaty of Protectorate of 1883. Vietnam's new "independence," however, rested on the government's willingness to co-operate with Japan and accept the Japanese military presence. 2378:" in Vietnam. Among his suggestions was not just to dissolve the cabinet but to abolish the Nguyễn dynasty altogether and ask for the Emperor to abdicate, in response Trần Trọng Kim got furious at Trần Đình Nam for daring to suggest that the Emperor should relinquish his position causing a heated debate between the two men. 3747:"How American Operatives Saved the Man Who Started the Vietnam War – Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh guerrilla fighters, led by future NVA General Vo Nguyen Giap, were allies of the Americans and given training by the OSS, the forerunner of the CIA, in an effort to defeat the Japanese during the waning days of World War II" 3968:"Cách mạng tháng Tám và sự ra đời của Chính phủ Lâm thời qua một số tư liệu, tài liệu lưu trữ (tiếp theo) – 08:47 am 17/08/2020 – Lượt xem: 603 – Bài viết trình bày đôi nét về cuộc Tổng khởi nghĩa giành chính quyền mùa thu Tháng Tám năm 1945, sự ra đời của Chính phủ Lâm thời nước Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hoà" 2530:

philosophy and of his vow that he would rather be only a citizen of an independent country than the puppet ruler of an enslaved country. He called on the members of the imperial family to support the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and that they should also work to preserve Vietnam’s

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indicating that the Việt Minh enjoyed "secret" support from the Allies. During the meeting Ho Chi Minh emphasised that for the revolution to be successful they would rapidly need to take power in order to be able to provide strong opposition when the Allied forces will occupy French Indochina. 3 days

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would choose the 40 most promising to give special training instructing them how to use American weapons and drilling them like American soldiers from 9 to 15 August. More weapons and ammunition were dropped near them during the third OSS aid drop on 10 August. Võ Nguyên Giáp wanted to make sure that

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On August 24 the Việt Minh declared a provisional administration, a Southern Administrative Committee, in Saigon. When, for the declared purpose of disarming the Japanese, the Việt Minh accommodated the landing and strategic positioning of British and British-Indian troops, the rival political groups

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arrived in Saigon on 13 September, they brought along a detachment of French troops. The acquiescence of British occupation forces in the south allowed the French to move rapidly to reassert control over the south of the country, where its economic interests were strongest, DRV authority was weakest

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In Saigon, the brutal reassertion of French authority under the protection of British, British-Indian and British-commandeered Japanese, forces triggered a general uprising on 23 September. But the various militias were not only hit hard by the newly disembarked French forces, as they fell back into

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had joined the Việt Minh despite Major Thomas having received clear orders to "sit tight until further orders" from the OSS. While the reasons for the battle of Thái Nguyên remain unclear, Bob Bergin speculates that the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) leaders wanted to test the combat capabilities

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On 16 August the first National People's Congress was formed and it consisted of delegates from all the different political parties that formed the Việt Minh, the first National People's Congress included various mass organisations and representatives of different ethnic groups and religious groups.

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In the north, Lê Trọng Nghĩa, who later became the head of the Intelligence Department for both the Communist Party and the military, said of events in Hanoi: 'The government did not hand over power or collapse, the Việt Minh made the decision to destroy what was there, the entire administration. We

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Tran Trong Kim's government had resigned earlier, on 13 August, yielding to Hồ Chí Minh's new Vietnamese Provisional Government. Later that month, Emperor Bảo Đại formally abdicated and turned over the imperial seal to the Việt Minh government. He was then offered a position as supreme advisor. On 2

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in 1926, it would grow to be the largest of the region's politically oriented religious entities, and in many ways the most powerful. More than a decade later, in 1939, Prophet Huynh Phu So introduced another politico-religious organization into southern Vietnam's anticolonial milieu by founding the

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It is generally agreed that French colonial rule was politically repressive and economically exploitative to the original inhabitants; therefore, the Vietnamese struggle against French colonialism was well established by World War II, being close to a century in progress. Incursions by missionaries,

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questioned Halberstam's claims as he provided no evidence, meanwhile Bergin estimated that perhaps only around 200 or so weapons had been given to the Việt Minh by the Americans during this period. Bergin noted that Ho Chi Minh learned from his own experiences that the Americans wouldn't supply him

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However, the Việt Minh was not the only political organization to anticipate an opportunity. In fact, after the brief storm of bullets of 9 March, political parties, groups, and associations were formed throughout Vietnam. In the south, because of the weak status of the communist movement, the Việt

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in northern Vietnam. The Việt Minh encouraged the creation of "national salvation associations" and adopted guerrilla warfare as the cornerstone of its revolutionary strategy. After the coup, the Japanese were content to control the large cities and leave the countryside to the Vietnamese. The Việt

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If the 9 March coup was a disaster for the French, it was an opportunity for Vietnamese nationalists. In fact, it marked a turning point in the Vietnamese revolution. Freed from French repression, which had continued unabated in the early phase of the Japanese occupation, Vietnamese revolutionaries

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After the Japanese removed the French from administrative control in Indochina, they made no attempt to impose their own direct control of the civilian administration. Concerned primarily with the defense of Vietnam against an Allied invasion, the Japanese were not interested in Vietnamese politics

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Ho Chi Minh went by many names during his rise to power, including Nguyen Tat Thanh "Nguyen Who Will Be Victorious," Nguyen O Phap "Nguyen Who Hates the French" and Nguyen Ai Quoc "Nguyen Who Loves His Country". The changes were used to further his cause of uniting the citizens and encouraging them

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was created at a later time. To justify their rule, the French claimed that it was their responsibility to help undeveloped regions in Asia become “civilized.” Without French intervention, they asserted, these places would remain backward, uncultured, and impoverished. In a view based more on solid

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Ho Chi Minh sent a cable on 17 October 1945 to American President Harry S. Truman calling on him, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Premier Stalin and Premier Attlee to go to the United Nations against France and demand France not be allowed to return to occupy Vietnam, accusing France of having sold

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this is contradicted by "a considerable of evidence" suggesting that the Allied forces supplied the Việt Minh with 5,000 weapons during the summer of 1945. According to both Communist and French accounts the Việt Minh's military numbered only around 5,000 at the time of the fall of Japan. As 5,000

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and so he turned to "the only source ," the Việt Minh. Patti was introduced to Ho Chi Minh by Colonel Austin Glass, the OSS expert in Indochina. Patti met Ho Chi Minh on the French Indochinese-Chinese border in late April 1945. Patti agreed to provide intelligence to the allies if he could have "a

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against the Japanese by establishing 7 war zones across Vietnam named after past heroes of Vietnam, calling for propaganda to explain to the people that their only way forward was violent resistance against the Japanese and exposing the Vietnamese puppet government that served them. The conference

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However, while the people celebrated their victory in the north, the Việt Minh faced various problems in the south, which was politically more diverse than the north. The Việt Minh had been unable to establish the same degree of control in the south as in the north. There were serious divisions in

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The devastation contributed to the crisis of authority in the country. Neither the French nor the Japanese took effective measures to alleviate the famine, and Kim's government could do nothing without Japanese consent. The misery and anger combined to foster a new interest in politics, especially

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General Lu Han's 200,000 Chinese soldiers occupied north Vietnam starting August 1945. 90,000 arrived by October, the 62nd army came on 26 September to Nam Dinh and Haiphong. Lang Son and Cao Bang were occupied by the Guangxi 62nd army corps and the red river region and Lai Cai were occupied by a

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The August Revolution was proclaimed to be successful, on 25 August 1945, President Hồ Chí Minh together with the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Trung ương Đảng) and the National Committee for the Liberation of the People (Ủy ban Dân tộc giải phóng) returned to Hanoi. The abdication of

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was able to purchase 3,000 rifles, 50 automatic rifles, 600 submachine guns, and 100 mortars of American manufacture. According to Fall the Vietnam People's Army also secured substantial French and Japanese stocks of firearms and other military equipment (31,000 rifles, 700 automatic weapons, 36

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had already given most of his weapons to the Việt Minh's Vietnamese-American Force, which became an issue when he received a message from Kunming, China that he was to return all OSS equipment to an American base stationed in China. However, by the time Thomas received this message both the Việt

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In the evening of 9 March 1945, the Japanese forces attacked the French in every center and removed the French from administrative control of Indochina. In less than 24 hours, the major part of the French armed forces throughout Indochina was put out of combat. The entire French colonial system,

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Starving Vietnamese were dying throughout northern Vietnam in 1945 due to the Japanese seizure of their crops by the time the Chinese came to disarm the Japanese and Vietnamese corpses were all throughout the streets of Hanoi and had to be cleaned up by students. While Chiang Kai-shek, Xiao Wen

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and the 3 OSS Special Operations teams in northern Tonkin to return to Kunming as soon as possible and that no further help should be given to the Việt Minh. Archimedes Patti hoped to quickly distance the Americans from both the French and the Việt Minh to avoid getting involved in the internal

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and Phu Lu, which caused 400 Vietnamese who were trained by the French to defect on 20 June 1948. Buddhist statues were looted and Vietnamese were robbed, raped and tortured by the French after the French crushed the Viet Minh in northern Vietnam in 1947–1948 forcing the Viet Minh to flee into

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and was attacked by western imperialists so it was "not the same as feudal China". Ho Chi Minh forbade his soldiers like Trần Huy Liệu in Phú Thọ from attacking Chinese soldiers and Ho Chi Minh even surrendered Vietnamese who attacked Chinese soldiers to be executed as punishment in the Ro-Nha

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on 15 August, the Việt Minh immediately launched the insurrection that they had already prepared for a long time. 'People's Revolutionary Committees' across the countryside took over administrative positions, often acting on their own initiative, and in the cities, the Japanese stood by as the

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Ho Chi Minh confiscated gold taels, jewelry and coins in September 1945 during "Gold Week" to give to Chinese forces occupying northern Vietnam. Rice to Cochinchina by the French in October 1945 were divided by Ho Chi Minh, and the northern Vietnamese only received one third while the Chinese

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During the war, the Japanese had forced many rice farmers to grow other crops. As a result, rice production decreased, especially in the north, where crops had often been supplemented in the past by shipments from the south. Now, however, Japanese troops consumed the surplus from the south or

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of France. A French military force entitled "Lambda" consisting of 6 men led by the French captain Castelnat parachuted 28 kilometers from Huế in order to try to prevent Emperor Bảo Đại from abdicating. However, they were captured by the Việt Minh as soon as their parachutes hit the ground.

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During the famine, the Việt Minh conducted raids on Japanese granaries and the rice storage facilities of Vietnamese landlords. In the long run, the Việt Minh thus increased popular support, highlighted the impotency of Kim's government and intensified popular feelings against the French and

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broke down over the issue of the fate of southern Vietnam. As talks failed to bring results, both sides began to prepare for a military solution. Provocations by both French and DRV troops led to the outbreak of full-scale guerrilla war on 19 December 1946. Nearly one year after the August

2279:(POW) matters, he was shocked to see the situation in Hanoi. Patti soon found himself having to calm down the French and was worried that the demonstrations in Hanoi could soon turn into bloody situations. Patti radioed the American military base in Kunming telling them to persuade the OSS 2903:

The preliminary accord was but the first step toward an intended overall and lasting agreement. Southern Vietnam's future political status had to be negotiated. From June to September 1946, Hồ Chí Minh met with French representatives in Vietnam and France to discuss that and other issues.

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On 8 August 1945, Hanoi's political situation became more and more heated due to the upheavals of the Second World War. The Japanese army suffered one defeat after another on allied fronts. During that time, the Việt Minh leadership instructed to conduct secret contacts with Khâm sai

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Minh, in particular, took advantage of the situation to strengthen their power. During the five months of the Japanese interlude, the Việt Minh carried out propaganda activities and organizational work in the Vietnamese countryside to prepare for the anticipated popular insurrection.

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Just as Hồ Chí Minh and the Việt Minh had begun to extend DRV control to all of Vietnam, the attention of his new government was shifting from internal matters to the arrival of Allied troops. At the Potsdam conference in July 1945, the Allies divided Indochina into two zones at the

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had an inventory of assets in the imperial Citadel to hand over to the Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The most valuable items were the historical pearl and ivory objects of the Nguyễn Emperors. These were stored in a large tunnel behind the

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independence. Both of these edicts made it clear that Emperor Bảo Đại's will to step aside on behalf of the new government in Hanoi. The edicts also contained the notion that he was unambiguously transmitting his mandate voluntarily rather than under any form of coercion.

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On 17 August 1945, the government of Trần Trọng Kim held a national rally, but because of the support of the people, the rally turned into a march in support of the Việt Minh forces. As the imperial government of Vietnam saw the success of the August Revolution minister

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although they also understood the desirability of a certain degree of administrative continuity. It was to their advantage to install a Vietnamese government that would acquiesce in the Japanese military presence. With that in mind, the Japanese persuaded the Vietnamese

2634:(near the Notre Dame Cathedral) waiting to hear President Ho Chi Minh read Declaration of Independence in Hanoi. But due to the bad weather and the level of technology at that time, Ho Chi Minh's proclamations to the nation did not reach the people attending the rally. 1766:

During the colonial period, the French (in their quest to civilize the people of South-East Asia) transformed Vietnamese society. Education and national industry were promoted, which had the unintended effect of stimulating the development of nationalist movements.

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with a sufficient amount of weapons if he asked for them and that an insufficient supply of weapons had always plagued the Việt Minh. The weapons supplied to them were supposed to have been used by the Vietnamese-American Force if the war would have continued.

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also called for training propagandists and having women spread military propaganda and target Japanese soldiers with Chinese language leaflets and Japanese language propaganda. The Việt Minh's Vietnamese Liberation Army published the "Resistance against Japan" (

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As southern Vietnam's disunited resistance forces struggled to push back French advances, Hồ Chí Minh and the DRV started to negotiate with France in the hope of preserving national independence and to avoid war. In March 1946, the two sides reached an accord.

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From March to August 1945, Vietnam enjoyed what was essentially "fake independence." In the aftermath of the coup, the Japanese most definitely wanted to minimize internal change in Indochina, which would have adversely affected their military objectives. The

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His alleged miracle cures, preaching, and carrying out acts of extreme charity for the poor made Prophet Huynh Phu So, by the end of 1939, attract tens of thousands of adherents to the new Hòa Hảo organization. The third politico-religious organization called

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However, in the north, the occupation period became the critical opportunity for the Việt Minh to consolidate and triumph over domestic rivals. On 20 August, Chiang Kai-shek gave orders for the Chinese First Front Army, under the command of General

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However, the status of southern Vietnam was the sticking point. The March accord, which called for a referendum to determine whether the south would rejoin the rest of the country or remain a separate French territory, left the fate of former

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It is said that during the ceremony the Bảo Đại Emperor said that he would rather "be a citizen of a free country than the Emperor of an enslaved country". At the end of the abdication ceremony it is reported that the crowd loudly exclaimed

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was a trained nurse he supplied Ho Chi Minh with the right medicine to let him recover from his illness. Though there is controversy if the Americans saved Ho Chi Minh from "an early grave" or if he would have recovered without their help.

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In September 1940, just months after France capitulated to Germany, Japanese troops took advantage of French weakness to station troops in northern Vietnam for the purpose of cutting off the supply route to the southern flank of the

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Marr, David G, Vietnam 1945: the Quest for Power, p. 458. According to Tran Van Rich's (unpublished) Memoirs, only Pham Ngoc Thach was sent to meet Terauchi and he was given swords and guns by the Marshal as recitatives of his

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from Japanese rule, after the battle ended Thái Nguyên erupted in celebrations and held an independence parade. From this point onwards the Americans completely disassociated themselves from engaging in the August Revolution.

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a compelling prequel to the modern nationalist movements of the 1930s. Although all of the rebellions failed without exception, they remained a powerful symbol of resistance and calling to better days in the local population.

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of the Vietnamese-American Joint Force and that they had hoped for an easy victory that would both psychologically and politically reenforce the legitimacy and strength of the Việt Minh. According to American historian

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came to the palace to receive the documents of resignation, Emperor Bảo Đại at first gave the declaration to Trần Huy Liệu, but Liệu then convinced the Emperor to hold a formal ceremony announcing his abdication.

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Chinese communist guerilla leader Chu Chia-pi came into northern Vietnam multiple times in 1945 and 1948 and helped the Viet Minh fight against the French from Yunnan. Other Chinese Communists, including general

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Minh failed to take the leadership of the movements during the preparation for insurrection. Several politico-religious organizations mentioned above rapidly expanded their power. In the early of summer 1945,

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Japanese. The Việt Minh succeeded in creating People's Revolutionary Committees all over the north. The committees were to take over local administration when the Việt Minh launched the general insurrection.

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his newly equipped forces would be witnessed by as many people as possible showcasing them to people who would cheer them on and welcome them as liberators. By the time of the Japanese surrender OSS Major

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suggested to Trần Trọng Kim to dissolve the government in favour of the Việt Minh in solidarity around the strongest and most enthusiastic organisation noting that this would disallow foreigners to play

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set an ultimatum of 12 hours for Bảo Đại to abdicate, otherwise they couldn't guarantee that he or his family would survive the August Revolution. Bảo Đại claimed that he had attempted to contact the

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Together with his edict declaring his abdication, Emperor Bảo Đại also promulgated an edict which was directed at the imperial family of the Nguyễn dynasty, reminding them of his attachment to the

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On the afternoon of the 19th, the Ambassador was 'invited' to attend a meeting with the leaders of Etsumei (Việt Minh) and participated in discussions with them, considered as official authorities.

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Vietnamese civilians were robbed, raped and killed by French soldiers in Saigon when they came back in August 1945. Vietnamese women were also raped in north Vietnam by the French like in Bảo Hà,

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with one being for the Việt Minh recruits, another one being for the OSS members, and another serving as a warehouse, infirmary, and radio centre. Chairman Ho referred to these barracks as the

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saying that there were urgent and confidential matters. At that time, the journalist Nguyễn Kỳ Nam was present because he was General Manager of the Ministry of Justice office in Huế of the

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converted it to fuel for military vehicles. Terrible flooding in the spring of 1945 added to the misery. Starving peasants flocked to the cities or died passively in the countryside.

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The abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại was officially announced on 25 August 1945. The imperial edict ending the Nguyễn dynasty was composed by Emperor Bảo Đại with the help of Prince

3702: 1735:), a large-scale Vietnamese insurgency between 1885 and 1889 against French colonial rule in favor of restoring the de facto, and not just de jure, power of the native dynasty. 2205:, who represented the Court of the Nguyễn dynasty in the North, asking him to side with the Việt Minh. Toại was puzzled by the Việt Minh's invitation to join their government. 1750: 5765: 3970:(in Vietnamese). Trung tâm Lưu trữ quốc gia I (National Archives Nr. 1, Hanoi) – Cục Văn thư và Lưu trữ nhà nước (State Records And Archives Management Department Of Việt Nam) 2350: 2233:", Ho Chi Minh asked the Vietnamese people to contribute their gold to the Việt Minh to be able to purchase more armaments from both the Imperial Japanese forces and Chiang's 481: 2421: 2148:

who apologised for their leader's absence as Ho Chi Minh was weak and dying suffering from "malaria, dengue fever, dysentery, or a combination of all three.", as OSS medic

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sweep through the South Pacific. A seaborne Allied landing in Indochina and an overland attack from China became real threats to the Japanese. In addition, an upsurge of

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In Hanoi on 15–20 April 1945 the Tonkin Revolutionary Military Conference of the Việt Minh issued a resolution that was reprinted on pages 1–4 on 25 August 1970 in the

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was the first of southern Vietnam's three most influential politico-religious organizations to emerge in the colonial era. Officially founded by colonial civil servant

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which had been in existence for almost 87 years, came tumbling down. Practically all French civil and military leaders were made prisoners, including Admiral Decoux.

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When OSS Indochina operations chief Archimedes Patti arrived in Hanoi on 21 August with an OSS team, and accompanied by a five-man French military team to handle

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Cabinet was, from all available evidence, a government only in name and ruled over no state in fact. Indochinese affairs were still in the hands of the Japanese.

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Instead of obtaining French recognition of Vietnamese "independence," Hồ Chí Minh agreed to his government being weakly identified as a "free state" within the

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In May 1941, Hồ Chí Minh formed the Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam), or Việt Minh for short, at the Eighth Plenum of the

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Emperor Bảo Đại further symbolised the end of the military government and the beginning of a civilian government for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

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begged for Bảo Đại to take shelter in the Imperial Tomb but he refused. Bảo Đại later received a second telegram from Hanoi asking for his abdication.

433: 2003:

The famine of 1945 was another issue of utmost importance during the Japanese interlude. The famine was caused by both artificial and natural factors.

474: 394: 389: 377: 365: 2397:), which was originally the policing department of Trần Trọng Kim's government but when the revolution broke out, it turned to support the Việt Minh. 2526: 1096: 2631: 4032: 2149: 1031: 3675: 2589:

Following his abdication former Emperor Bảo Đại accepted President Hồ Chí Minh's offer to become an advisor to the new Vietnamese government in

5245: 5062: 1480: 5356: 2099:) newspaper. They also called for the creation of a group called "Chinese and Vietnamese Allied against Japan" by sending leaflets to recruit 1856: 1695: 1269: 529: 438: 5821: 5701: 467: 4104: 2642:

the countryside they were also assailed by the Việt Minh, who hunted down and executed their leaders (among their victims, the Trotskyists

2222: 2076:

to influence the outcome of the people's uprising, and using our covert operatives within the puppet apparatus to collapse things within'.

5780: 2250:

artillery pieces, and 18 tanks) which were supposed to have been secured by the Chinese after the surrender of Japan, but were unable to.

2230: 1492: 5037: 3699: 1742:

Penitentiary, the largest penal institution in northern Tonkin. The extraordinary regional and social diversity of its force makes the

1341: 1191: 791: 5116:

Zinoman, Peter (February 2000). "Colonial Prisons and Anti-Colonial Resistance in French Indochina: The Thai Nguyen Rebellion, 1917".

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in March 1945, the French colonials were either unwilling or unable to assist him in establishing an American intelligence network in

1960: 5861: 5799: 5238: 2186: 2136:

and 3 French special operatives arrived by parachute at the Việt Minh headquarters at Kim Lung. The remaining six members of the OSS

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on 2 September 1945 with his quote “all men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights.”

5881: 5794: 3797: 3570:"Studies in Intelligence Vol. 62, No. 2 (Extracts, June 2018) – Old Man Ho – The OSS Role in Ho Chi Minh's Rise to Political Power" 1380: 1305: 1232: 491: 48: 3884: 127: 5437: 2209: 3746: 2734: 3895: 3891: 2103:

in Vietnam to their cause. The resolution called on forcing the French in Vietnam to recognise Vietnamese independence and for

1647: 579: 2706: 1662:. The August Revolution sought to create a unified regime for the entire country under the Việt Minh's rule. Việt Minh leader 5432: 5316: 5076: 5051: 5026: 5005: 4980: 4950: 1771: 1239: 1152: 1118: 1089: 524: 323: 282: 2538:

to representatives of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in ceremony. In this ceremony he handed over the

5331: 3121: 2904:

Unfortunately, almost immediately after the signing of the 6 March accord, relations began to deteriorate. Negotiations at

2259:

During the meeting the attendees were greeted by disciplined soldiers well-armed in uniform and at building photographs of

1793:

In the south, the anticolonial nationalist movement was more complicated than in the north due to political divisions. The

1395: 1353: 1186: 786: 2237:, within only a short amount of time people "from all walks of life" had contributed 370 kilograms of gold and 20,000,000 5886: 5427: 4067:"Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? Mùa thu năm trước Bảo tàng Lịch sử Việt Nam mang chuông sang gióng ở thủ đô Pháp" 3858: 3633:

Quoted by Lê Trọng Nghĩa, "Revolutionary People's Committees Launched in Hanoi After the August Revolutionary Uprising" (

2713: 1497: 1162: 895: 3937: 2550:") to the Communist government. The passing of the ceremonial seal and sword had been seen as symbolically "passing the 20: 5177: 5157: 4722: 4660: 4629: 4587: 4556: 4525: 4397: 4367: 4337: 4306: 4275: 4244: 4188: 3411: 3374: 3014: 2687: 1774:

in 1925. On 3 February 1930, a special conference was held in Hong Kong under the chairmanship of Hồ Chí Minh, and the

1157: 554: 5866: 5836: 4900: 4875: 4847: 4817: 3801: 2781: 2753: 2659: 1845: 917: 5589: 4078: 4074: 2980: 2720: 1920: 1841: 1082: 650: 505: 406: 306: 44: 3569: 2450: 3580: 3481: 1896:

returned to Paris at the head of the French Provisional Government in September 1944 added to Japanese concerns.

1715: 1407: 1026: 5215: 4861: 2483: 5851: 5826: 5513: 4892: 4839: 4801: 4691: 4579: 4494: 4462: 4454: 4428: 3047:

The Indochinese Communist Party's Unfinished Revolution of 1945 and the Origins of Vietnam's 30-Year Civil War.

2985: 2787:

The occupation period proved to be a great challenge for Ho Chi Minh and the ICP. When British forces from the

2691: 2621: 2037: 1334: 1324: 1019: 934: 2702: 5856: 5225: 4578:. From Indochina to Vietnam: Revolution and War in a Global Perspective. Vol. 6 (illustrated ed.). 4125: 4066: 3828: 1770:

In the north, the anticolonial nationalist movement was dominated by communism after Hồ Chí Minh created the

1646:

Within two weeks, forces under the Việt Minh had seized control of most rural villages and cities throughout

1524: 1249: 723: 549: 2437:

entered southern French Indochina after the surrender of Japan they became politically involved and imposed

2349:

on 12 August 1945 a Japanese general entered the city of Huế and asked to meet with the Minister of Justice

5720: 5584: 3220: 2189:

it would become clear that the Japanese were on the losing side and as American troops moved closer to the

2129: 1884:. By 1943, however, there were signs that the Japanese might lose the war. The United States had begun the 1723:

reality, French imperialism was driven by the demand for resources, namely raw materials and cheap labour.

1703: 1643:, was created in 1941 and designed to appeal to a wider population than what the communists could command. 1564: 1274: 1179: 1130: 758: 5708: 5397: 5291: 3576: 2234: 2073: 1949: 1779: 1728: 1719: 1707: 1640: 1429: 941: 748: 665: 574: 569: 5311: 5846: 5447: 4997: 4714: 4483:"9. Vietnam's Second Appeal to the United States: Cable to President Harry S Truman (October 17, 1945)" 4389: 2238: 1775: 1519: 1348: 1319: 1203: 1063: 990: 868: 843: 833: 803: 765: 700: 643: 5594: 5518: 3989: 2365:

to ask for an audience with the Emperor to ask for permission to deal with the Việt Minh's uprising.

5569: 5533: 5523: 5351: 5326: 5321: 3174: 2490: 1998: 1981:

leaders opened talks with the heads of other southern nationalist groups in the south, including the

1743: 1419: 838: 675: 338: 4795: 5841: 5629: 5103: 5043: 4420: 3899: 3471:

I. Documents from the August Revolution Resolution of the Tonkin Revolutionary Military Conference

2864: 2246: 1877: 1584: 1365: 1225: 1058: 880: 848: 738: 660: 542: 5468: 5341: 2107:'s France (Allied French) to recognise their independence and cooperate with them against Japan. 5579: 5493: 5376: 5346: 5068: 4236: 2680: 1881: 1550: 1370: 1046: 1041: 970: 690: 5528: 5498: 5478: 5301: 4485:. In Gettleman, Marvin E.; Franklin, Jane; Young, Marilyn Blatt; Franklin, Howard Bruce (eds.). 2847: 2382: 5876: 5381: 5296: 2874: 2788: 2727: 2354: 2168:, the Vietnamese-American Force. The Việt Minh supplied the OSS with 110 recruits of which the 1938: 1738:

In 1917, a band of political prisoners, common criminals and mutinous prison guards seized the

1414: 1125: 922: 853: 775: 743: 713: 708: 258: 60: 4708: 4615: 4573: 4448: 4383: 4357: 4230: 3718: 2145: 225: 5564: 5554: 5168:

Ho Chi Minh's Blueprint for Revolution: In the Words of Vietnamese Strategists and Operatives

5021:. Berkeley, California: Institution of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley. 4677: 4646: 4542: 4511: 4482: 4414: 4323: 4292: 4261: 3880: 3429:

Ho Chi Minh's Blueprint for Revolution, In the Words of Vietnamese Strategists and Operatives

2931: 2776:, attaching the southern zone to the Southeast Asia command and leaving the northern part to 2053: 1965: 1822: 1569: 1329: 1172: 958: 927: 875: 728: 718: 623: 5755: 5549: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 2941:") is a 1976 Vietnamese movie dramatized a rebellion in Hanoi during the August Revolution. 2586:. Phạm Khắc Hòe would organise the handover ceremony that was to be held on 30 August 1945. 2381:

On 23 August, the Việt Minh-led uprising in Huế won. The people directing the uprising were

1798: 5609: 5286: 5175:

Vu, Tuong (2014). "Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution".

5118: 4683: 4298: 2260: 1514: 1502: 1390: 1196: 1012: 823: 818: 796: 770: 608: 443: 428: 423: 418: 5574: 5559: 5473: 4886: 4825: 3933: 3824: 2457:

Un comité de patriotes représentant tous les partis et toutes les couches de la population

828: 8: 5508: 5371: 5336: 4863:

The Vietnamese Revolution of 1945: Roosevelt, Ho Chi Minh and de Gaulle in a World at War

4166: 4155: 4143: 3750: 3722: 3435: 2914: 2898: 2773: 1627:'the Total uprising to seize power in August'), was a revolution launched by the 1622: 1613: 1601: 1385: 1259: 685: 680: 133: 5634: 5614: 5503: 2851: 2493:

or Phạm Khắc Hòe. The latter drew a comparison with this situation and the fate of King

2072:

were bold. Approaching the Japanese, harnessing the energy around the popularity of the

1786:

in November 1945, it held a leading position in the Vietnamese anticolonial revolution.

72: 5831: 5732: 5604: 5422: 5417: 5194: 5143: 5135: 4965: 4297:. Uncovering the Past: Documentary Readers in American History (illustrated ed.). 3907: 3637:), printed in: 19-8: Revolution is Creativity, Vietnam Historical Science Association ( 3034: 2574:

to an independent Vietnam! Ten-thousand years to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam!).

2571: 2375: 2362: 2024: 1905: 1861:

Before 1945, France and Japan had uneasily ruled Vietnam together for over four years.

1711: 1543: 1536: 1475: 1465: 1439: 1291: 1213: 1036: 1002: 985: 890: 813: 517: 353: 5670: 5619: 5599: 5407: 4857: 3070: 3015:"Making Revolutionary Nationalism: Vietnam, America and the August Revolution of 1945" 2643: 1909: 1829: 1783: 240: 5412: 5306: 5281: 5147: 5072: 5047: 5022: 5001: 4976: 4960: 4946: 4932: 4921: 4896: 4871: 4843: 4833: 4813: 4718: 4687: 4679:

America at War Since 1945: Politics and Diplomacy in Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War

4656: 4625: 4611: 4593: 4583: 4552: 4521: 4490: 4458: 4424: 4393: 4363: 4353: 4333: 4302: 4271: 4240: 4184: 3407: 3370: 3117: 3038: 2647: 2551: 2506: 2479: 2413: 2322: 2104: 1925: 1893: 1778:

was then born. In October, following a Comintern directive, this name was changed to

1632: 1576: 1529: 1434: 1264: 1208: 1051: 1007: 910: 900: 808: 635: 589: 179: 27: 5650: 5488: 5230: 5039:

Cauldron of Resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s Southern Vietnam

3367:

In the ruins of empire : the Japanese surrender and the battle for postwar Asia

2517: 2028:

Vietnamese took control. On the morning of 19 August, the Việt Minh took control of

5696: 5198: 5186: 5127: 4910: 4805: 4780: 4444: 3990:

Mười lăm phút tiếp chuyện công dân Vĩnh Thụy sau ngày thoái vị ngôi vua (31-8-1945)

3941: 3832: 3604: 3046: 3026: 2797: 2627: 2305: 2217: 2185:

While in early August 1945 the end of the war still seemed far away, following the

2110: 2100: 2091: 1739: 1699: 1684: 1470: 1298: 1284: 1254: 1167: 1147: 995: 980: 905: 655: 630: 603: 562: 274: 5463: 2288:

at this point was already fighting alongside the Việt Minh against the Japanese.

2221:

weapons would have been a highly significant amount American intelligence scholar

263: 245: 5660: 5276: 4867: 4784: 4162: 4132: 4105:"Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng (p. 1)" 3706: 3676:"Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng (p. 4)" 2972: 2826: 2777: 2489:

It is not known who convinced Emperor Bảo Đại to abdicate, as it might have been

2471: 2464: 2276: 2242: 1811: 1636: 1400: 1375: 1244: 733: 695: 670: 613: 598: 584: 512: 333: 192: 3635:

Các Ủy ban nhân dân cách mạng ra mắt ở Hà Nội sau Khởi nghĩa Cách mạng tháng Tám

2272:

later the Việt Minh would successfully take Hanoi and most of northern Vietnam.

2197:, its first order was to commence a general military insurrection on 14 August. 2068:. They fired upon crowds demanding arms against a French colonial restoration. 5686: 5624: 4972: 4942: 4232:

Rice Wars in Colonial Vietnam: The Great Famine and the Viet Minh Road to Power

2990: 2958: 2434: 2386: 2264: 2190: 1885: 1458: 1312: 1220: 1142: 975: 885: 861: 618: 5190: 5131: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3030: 2542:(皇帝之寶) seal weighing around 10 kilograms and the jade-encrusted silver sword ( 2061: 2049: 1978: 1803: 5815: 5442: 5018:

Occupation and Revolution; China and the Vietnamese August Revolution of 1945

4791: 4597: 4138: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 2909: 2615: 2598: 2509:

within the Citadel of Huế. The next morning, when the representatives of the

2468: 2460: 2406: 2126: 2086: 1667: 1628: 965: 164: 139: 120: 78: 3961: 3959: 5402: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4022:

Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam, Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản, 1990, trang 186–188.

3782: 2886: 2878: 2301: 2160:

build a training camp for the Việt Minh, this training camp consisted of 3

2011:

among the younger generation, which the Việt Minh turned to its advantage.

1982: 1794: 1449: 1444: 1358: 459: 56: 4809: 4013:

Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam, Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản, 1990, trang 186–188

3738: 3492: 2534:

As a part of his official abdication, Emperor Bảo Đại personally gave his

2511:

Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

5691: 4478: 3956: 3800:. End of Empire – 100 Days in 1945 That Changed Asia and The World. (The 2438: 1986: 1953: 1818: 1663: 1135: 1106: 214: 52: 5655: 4047: 3221:

https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol3/no2/thau.html

2966: 2409:, the important symbolic act of the transfer of power was Field Marshal 1694:

All of Vietnam was under the French colonial regime from 1885 until the

16:

1945 uprising which resulted in the overthrow of the Vietnamese monarchy

4033:"Cách mạng tháng Tám thành công, nước Việt Nam Dân chủ cộng hòa ra đời" 3903: 3873: 3700:

Thực chất chính phủ Trần Trọng Kim và "lòng yêu nước" của ông thủ tướng

2694: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2482:

for help but that none of them answered. A young tutor of Crown Prince

2268: 2036:

September, Hồ Chí Minh declared independence for the newly established

1826: 5665: 5139: 4651:. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia (reprint ed.). 2284:

struggles going on Vietnam. However, this was already too late as the

2060:

turned out in force. On September 7 and 8, 1945, in the delta city of

4652: 4621: 4548: 4517: 4329: 4267: 4060: 3925: 3816: 3334: 2835: 2494: 2475: 2426: 2118: 1989:, to fight for and defend an independent Vietnam when the war ended. 1754: 1631:(League for the Independence of Vietnam formed in China) against the 1558: 2669: 2626:

On 2 September 1945, thousands of people from many provinces and in

2430:) and personal gun to Việt Minh representatives as a symbolic act. 4419:. Vietnam war era classics series (illustrated, reprint ed.). 4070: 2213: 2161: 2064:

the Committee had to rely on what had been the Japanese-auxiliary,

2045: 1889: 1825:. In April 1939, the United Workers and Peasants slate, led by the 951: 946: 5367:

Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

5261: 2611:

Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

2577:

On the afternoon of 27 August and the morning of 28 August 1945,

2535: 2263:

were prominently displayed next to portraits of Bolshevik leader

2114: 1651: 108: 4388:. Translated by Duiker, Claire (illustrated, reprint ed.). 2807: 2766: 3461:. JPRS. U.S. Joint Publications Research Service. pp. 1–7. 2905: 2801: 2554:

over to the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam".

2358: 1969: 1790:

to rebel. Ho Chi Minh means "Ho Who Aspires To Enlightenment".

1659: 3482:"Vietnam: A Television History; Interview with Carleton Swift" 2245:

later commented on the success of "Gold Week" saying that the

1074: 4062: 3798:"Bao Dai's abdication and the failure of an imperial project" 3772: 3770: 3768: 2590: 2410: 2330: 2044:

the independence movement in the south, where the Việt Minh,

2029: 1929: 1868: 1655: 1639:

in the latter half of August 1945. The Việt Minh, led by the

82: 3669: 3667: 3322: 2333:, the Japanese ambassador to Indochina in Hanoi confirmed: " 4098: 4096: 3709:, Tuần báo Văn Nghệ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh số 446, 29/4/2017 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3071:"Vo Nguyen Giap | Biography & Vietnam War | Britannica" 1835: 4489:(illustrated, revised ed.). Grove Press. p. 47. 3765: 3233:

In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary

2616:

Events in Saigon following the declaration of independence

2090:

journal. It called for a general uprising, resistance and

1915: 3938:"Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại (Kỳ 2)" 3931: 3829:"Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại (Kỳ 1)" 3822: 2841: 4210: 4093: 3644: 3618:

The Shadow Warriors: O.S.S. and the Origins of the C.I.A

3298: 3202:

Loren Goldner, "The Anti-Colonial Movement in Vietnam".

3175:"Le mouvement IVe Internationale en lndochine 1930-1939" 2357:

cabinet. He informed the minister that he had come from

2295:

against the Japanese. Earlier on 16 August 1945 the OSS

4773:] (in Vietnamese). Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản. 1990. 4743: 3310: 3154: 2389:. The uprising was contributed by the Frontline Youth ( 1761: 4617:

The Communist Road To Power In Vietnam: Second Edition

3346: 3262: 3238: 1714:, which were parts of Vietnam, and the newly acquired 5260: 4731: 3383: 3088: 2792:

and colonial forces were the most deeply entrenched.

2441:

in order to keep anti-colonial forces under control.

2182:

were on the road to Hanoi to proclaim a revolution.

4181:

Operation Masterdom: Britain's Secret War in Vietnam

3639:

Cách mạng là sáng tạo, Hội Khoa học Lịch sử Việt Nam

3406:. University of California Press. pp. 408–409. 3286: 3274: 3250: 3130: 2948: 1850: 1702:

including the three separately-ruled territories of

304: 3142: 2858: 2253: 1782:(ICP). Until the party was officially disbanded by 4964: 3852: 3850: 3116:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 123. 2291:From 20 to 25 August the Việt Minh engaged in the 3620:(Basic Books, 1983), quoted in Bartholomew-Feis, 2913:Revolution, the DRV and France were fighting the 2321:A pro-Việt Minh rally and parade in front of the 2032:, seizing northern Vietnam in the next few days. 5813: 4682:. Religious Studies; 39 (illustrated ed.). 4325:Britain in Vietnam: Prelude to Disaster, 1945–46 4126:Lâm ủy Hành chính Nam Bộ sau Cách mạng Tháng Tám 3744: 2444: 5872:Military history of Vietnam during World War II 4835:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946) 4575:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946) 4165:, Trường Bồi dưỡng Cán bộ Giáo dục Hà Nội. (in 3847: 3695: 3693: 3404:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946) 2140:would arrive by parachute on 29 July. When the 1698:of March 1945. In 1887, the French created the 19:For the 1983 military coup in Upper Volta, see 4102: 3795: 3673: 3607:, Da Nang Publishing House, 2008, pp. 301, 302 2996:Vietnamese resistance movement in World War II 2604: 5246: 4914:Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross 4450:Why Viet Nam?: Prelude to America's Albatross 3885:"Why the North Vietnamese Will Keep Fighting" 2808:Entry of Chinese troops into northern Vietnam 2767:Allied occupation and Việt Minh consolidation 2178:Minh's Vietnamese-American Force and the OSS 2156:In the first six days of August 1945 the OSS 1090: 475: 290: 5099:"Vietnamese August Revolution Reinterpreted" 3690: 1992: 489: 5165: 5092:. Worcester, and London: The Trinity Press. 2216:" to the Việt Minh but according to author 2066:Jeunesse d'Avant-Garde/Thanh Nien Tienphong 1618:Tổng khởi-nghĩa giành chính-quyền tháng Tám 5253: 5239: 4412: 4263:Armed Forces and Insurgents in Modern Asia 4178: 3567: 3001:Vietnam independence movements (1885-1945) 2241:for the purchasing of weaponry. Historian 1097: 1083: 482: 468: 444:US bombing of Saigon area and Cam Ranh Bay 297: 283: 65:Vietnam independence movements (1885-1945) 4884: 4856: 4675: 4487:Vietnam and America: A Documented History 3474: 3340: 3328: 3217:Ta Thu Thau: Vietnamese Trotskyist Leader 2784:to accept the surrender of the Japanese. 2754:Learn how and when to remove this message 2187:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 2079: 5357:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina 5213: 5154: 5014: 4749: 4648:China and the First Vietnam War, 1947–54 4509: 3721:, Đại tướng Lê Đức Anh, Tiền phong. (in 3459:Translations on North Vietnam, Volume 17 3352: 3268: 3244: 2400: 2316: 2122:line of communication with the allies." 1959: 1919: 1863: 1857:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina 1836:World War II and the Japanese occupation 1749: 1673: 439:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina 49:South-East Asian theatre of World War II 5166:Morris, Virginia; Hills, Clive (2018). 5115: 5085: 5060: 5035: 4765: 4737: 4644: 4540: 4321: 4259: 4216: 3965: 3879: 3776: 3719:Đại tướng Nguyễn Chí Thanh như tôi biết 3369:. New York: Random House. p. 108. 3364: 3304: 3160: 3136: 3094: 1916:Opportunity for Vietnamese nationalists 1821:, the Communists also contended with a 1689: 424:2nd US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard 419:1st US bombing of Saigon Naval Shipyard 5814: 4989: 4959: 4938:The Communist road to power in Vietnam 4931: 4610: 4352: 4290: 4179:Rosie, George; Borum, Bradley (1986). 3892:National Technical Information Service 3452: 3432:, McFarland & Co Inc, 2018, p. 93. 3389: 2892: 2842:French war crimes after the revolution 2505:on the night of 22 August 1945 at the 1945:had much greater freedom of movement. 1648:Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam 580:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse 5433:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League 5234: 5096: 5089:The Lost Revolution:Vietnam 1945-1965 4443: 4294:The Vietnam War: A Documentary Reader 3292: 3280: 3256: 3148: 3114:The World Transformed 1945 to Present 2920: 1772:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League 1678: 1078: 463: 324:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 278: 5822:Aftermath of World War II in Vietnam 4831: 4790: 4706: 4571: 4260:Roy, Kaushik; Saha, Sourish (2016). 4228: 3896:United States Department of Commerce 3856: 3401: 3316: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3012: 2692:adding citations to reliable sources 2663: 2593:. Hồ Chí Minh gave him the title of 2018: 1762:Development of nationalist movements 4727:. 2134 of Princeton Legacy Library. 4103:Nguyễn Văn Lục (30 November 2016). 3674:Nguyễn Văn Lục (27 December 2016). 3426:Morris, Virginia and Hills, Clive. 3235:. AK Press, Oakland CA, 2010, p. 16 3206:, Vol VI, No. 3, 1997, pp. 135–141. 3172: 2568:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa muôn năm! 2052:, other nationalist groups and the 13: 5178:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 5174: 5158:Vietnam: The Origins of Revolution 5126:(1). Modern Asian Studies: 57–98. 4920: 4477: 4413:Bui, Diem; Chanoff, David (1999). 3006: 2595:Conseiller suprême du gouvernement 378:Chinese bombing of Gia Lam airport 14: 5898: 5207: 4909: 4797:Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power 3802:Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 3745:Claude G. Berube (10 June 2009). 3100: 2312: 2212:claimed that it only gave "a few 1851:Japanese occupation and 1945 coup 1666:declared the independence of the 5862:Vietnamese independence movement 5282:Capture of the Citadel of Saigon 5226:"Music of the August Revolution" 5097:Huynh, Kim Khanh (August 1971). 4156:Kỉ niệm 66 năm Cách mạng Tháng 8 4079:Government of the United Kingdom 4075:British Broadcasting Corporation 2981:French Indochina in World War II 2965: 2951: 2859:6 March Franco-Vietnamese Accord 2668: 2340: 2254:Initial stages of the revolution 2208:According to later accounts the 1842:French Indochina in World War II 308:French Indochina in World War II 262: 252: 244: 234: 219: 208: 185: 173: 158: 71: 45:French Indochina in World War II 5882:1945 in international relations 4888:Vietnam 1946: How the War Began 4758: 4700: 4669: 4638: 4604: 4565: 4534: 4503: 4471: 4437: 4406: 4376: 4346: 4328:. Military History and Policy. 4315: 4284: 4253: 4222: 4197: 4172: 4149: 4119: 4061:Phạm Cao Phong (Gửi cho BBC từ 4025: 4016: 4007: 3994: 3982: 3728: 3712: 3627: 3610: 3594: 3581:Government of the United States 3465: 3420: 3395: 3358: 3225: 2679:needs additional citations for 2195:National Insurrection Committee 2113:stated that when he arrived in 1654:(then the capital of Vietnam), 1104: 395:1943 Chinese bombing of Vietnam 5155:McAlster, John T. Jr. (1966). 4893:University of California Press 4840:University of California Press 4802:University of California Press 4580:University of California Press 4455:University of California Press 4107:(in Vietnamese). DCVOnline.net 3861:(in Vietnamese). VietnamNet.vn 3678:(in Vietnamese). DCVOnline.net 3209: 3196: 3166: 3063: 2038:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1668:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 390:US bombing of Haiphong harbour 140:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1: 5721:French protectorate of Tonkin 4967:Vietnam: Nation in Revolution 4582:. pp. 269–271, 274–275. 2660:1947–1950 in French Indochina 2445:Abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại 2144:arrived they were greeted by 1892:sentiment in Indochina after 1846:1940–1946 in French Indochina 128:Abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại 21:1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état 5733:French colony of Cochinchina 5709:French protectorate of Annam 5292:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương 5064:Southeast Asia World History 5036:Chapman, Jessica M. (2013). 4710:Vietnam and China, 1938–1954 4541:Hearden, Patrick J. (2016). 3343:, pp. 312–315, 321–322. 3057: 2653: 2130:Office of Strategic Services 1966:Trotskyist League of Vietnam 1551:Manchuria and Northern Korea 7: 4993:A History of the Vietnamese 3577:Central Intelligence Agency 3365:Spector, Ronald H. (2007). 3051:Journal of Cold War Studies 2944: 2605:Declaration of independence 2235:National Revolutionary Army 2074:Democratic Party of Vietnam 1950:Indochinese Communist Party 1780:Indochinese Communist Party 1641:Indochinese Communist Party 1349:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 1306:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 10: 5903: 5887:August 1945 events in Asia 5448:Communist Party of Vietnam 5061:Lockard, Craig A. (2009). 4998:Cambridge University Press 4777:Le dragon d'Annam, Bao Dai 4771:Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam 4767:Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam 4715:Princeton University Press 4645:Calkins, Laura M. (2013). 4390:Cambridge University Press 4229:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2014). 3966:Tú Châu (17 August 2020). 2986:War in Vietnam (1945–1946) 2896: 2862: 2657: 2622:War in Vietnam (1945–1946) 2619: 2608: 2564:Việt Nam độc lập muôn năm! 2448: 2416:'s pledge on 22 August to 2267:and the Chinese Communist 2229:During an event known as " 2040:, headquartered in Hanoi. 1996: 1854: 1839: 1823:Trotskyist left opposition 1776:Vietnamese Communist Party 1682: 1498:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 1020:Burma campaign (1944–1945) 935:Burma campaign (1942–1943) 869:Japanese invasion of Burma 97:16 August – 30 August 1945 25: 18: 5789: 5748: 5679: 5643: 5542: 5456: 5390: 5352:1940 Cochinchina uprising 5322:1916 Cochinchina uprising 5269: 5191:10.1017/S0022463414000083 5170:. McFarland & Co Inc. 5132:10.1017/S0026749X00003590 4885:Tønnesson, Stein (2009). 4516:(4th, reprint ed.). 4513:Vietnam: Past and Present 3894:(NTIS), an agency of the 3112:Hunt, Michael H. (2016). 3045:Asselin, Pierre (2023). " 3031:10.1017/S0165115300005416 2584:Palace of Heavenly Purity 2132:(OSS) Special Operations 1999:Vietnamese famine of 1945 1993:Vietnamese famine of 1945 1732: 1114: 501: 339:1940 Cochinchina uprising 316: 201: 151: 89: 70: 42: 37: 5867:20th-century revolutions 5837:1945 in French Indochina 5104:Journal of Asian Studies 5086:Shaplen, Robert (1966). 5044:Cornell University Press 5015:Worthing, Peter (2001). 4975:: Frederick A. Praeger. 4676:Donaldson, Gary (1996). 4453:(illustrated ed.). 4421:Indiana University Press 4385:Ho Chi Minh: A Biography 4266:(illustrated ed.). 4237:Rowman & Littlefield 3705:27 February 2018 at the 3568:Bob Bergin (June 2018). 2865:Fontainebleau Agreements 2601:of Vietnam" but failed. 1585:Second Sino-Japanese War 1425:Estevan Point Lighthouse 1180:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 1131:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 493:South-East Asian Theater 429:US bombing of Phnom Penh 26:Not to be confused with 5428:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội 5377:Battle of Dien Bien Phu 5216:"The August Revolution" 5069:Oxford University Press 4911:Patti, Archimedes L. A. 4832:Marr, David G. (2013). 4572:Marr, David G. (2013). 4510:SarDesai, D.R. (2018). 4445:Patti, Archimedes L. A. 4322:Neville, Peter (2007). 4291:Miller, Edward (2016). 4004:, báo Quân đội nhân dân 3796:Nguyễn Thế Ánh (2002). 3622:The OSS and Ho Chi Minh 3402:Marr, David G. (2013). 1610:August General Uprising 1187:Japanese merchant raids 1027:Meiktila & Mandalay 5438:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng 5297:Pacification of Tonkin 5264:independence movements 4990:Taylor, K. W. (2013). 4707:Chen, King C. (2015). 4547:(4th, rev. ed.). 4416:In the Jaws of History 4065:) (4 September 2015). 3881:Jenkins, Brian Michael 3453:Truong, Chinh (1971). 3013:Mark, Bradley (1999). 2875:Indochinese Federation 2789:Southeast Asia Command 2329:In a telegram sent to 2326: 2080:Preparation and supply 2056:competed for control. 1973: 1933: 1872: 1758: 1617: 1605: 1486:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1330:Burma and India (1944) 1153:Gilberts and Marshalls 862:Burma, India and China 202:Commanders and leaders 61:Decolonization of Asia 5852:Communist revolutions 5827:Rebellions in Vietnam 5800:independence movement 4810:10.1525/9780520920392 4392:. 2007. p. 108. 4299:John Wiley & Sons 2838:, also did the same. 2620:Further information: 2455:The telegram sent by 2451:Abdication of Bảo Đại 2401:Events in Cochinchina 2391:Thanh niên tiền tuyến 2320: 2293:battle of Thái Nguyên 2247:Vietnam People's Army 2125:On 16 July 1945, the 1963: 1923: 1867: 1753: 1674:Historical background 1608:), also known as the 1396:Philippines (1944–45) 1354:Philippines (1941–42) 959:Burma campaign (1944) 624:Parit Sulong Massacre 407:Khai Phat and Na Ngan 329:1940 Bắc Sơn uprising 138:Establishment of the 5857:Communist rebellions 5327:Thái Nguyên uprising 5312:Yên Thế Insurrection 5287:Cochinchina Campaign 5119:Modern Asian Studies 5042:. Ithaca, New York: 4713:(reprint ed.). 4684:Greenwood Publishing 3988:Tạp chí Sông Hương, 3936:(3 September 2020). 3827:(2 September 2020). 3605:Archimedes L.A Patti 3182:Cahiers Leon Trotsky 2688:improve this article 2503:Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Cẩn 2484:Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Long 2393:, also known as the 2261:Claire Lee Chennault 2025:Japanese surrendered 1744:Thái Nguyên uprising 1696:Japanese coup d'état 1690:French colonial rule 1197:Homfreyganj massacre 824:Cocos Islands mutiny 797:Homfreyganj massacre 563:Malaya and Singapore 349:Battle of Phum Preav 5372:First Indochina War 5332:Bazin assassination 4925:Ho Chi Minh: A Life 4423:. pp. 39, 40. 4359:Ho Chi Minh: A Life 3779:, pp. 186–188. 3751:World History Group 3331:, pp. 292–293. 3319:, pp. 126–127. 2915:First Indochina War 2899:First Indochina War 2893:First Indochina War 2703:"August Revolution" 2395:Thanh niên Phan Anh 2210:American government 1606:Cách-mạng tháng Tám 792:Andaman and Nicobar 434:1945 Ba Tơ uprising 134:Vietnamese monarchy 132:Abolishment of the 85:, on 19 August 1945 5590:Nguyễn Thượng Hiền 5514:Nguyễn Thiện Thuật 5423:Tonkin Free School 4961:Duiker, William J. 4933:Duiker, William J. 4922:Duiker, William J. 4612:Duiker, William J. 4544:Tragedy of Vietnam 4362:. Hachette Books. 4354:Duiker, William J. 4161:2014-10-18 at the 4142:, 08/08/2011. (in 4131:2019-08-19 at the 3749:. HistoryNet.com ( 3616:Bradley F. Smith, 3486:openvault.wgbh.org 3075:www.britannica.com 2921:In popular culture 2572:Ten thousand years 2548:Sword of the State 2376:divide and conquer 2327: 2325:on 30 August 1945. 2175:Alison Kent Thomas 1974: 1934: 1932:on 17 August 1945. 1873: 1871:after 9 March 1945 1759: 1729:Cần Vương movement 1679:French colonialism 1544:Japanese surrender 1510:Naval bombardments 1440:Fire balloon bombs 1163:Volcano and Ryukyu 1158:Marianas and Palau 814:Easter Sunday Raid 354:Battle of Ko Chang 77:Occupation of the 5847:Conflicts in 1945 5809: 5808: 5534:Nguyễn Trung Trực 5469:Nguyễn Quang Bích 5413:Empire of Vietnam 5382:Geneva Conference 5362:August Revolution 5342:Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets 5307:Hanoi Poison Plot 5078:978-0-19-516075-8 5053:978-0-8014-5061-7 5028:978-1-55729-072-4 5007:978-0-521-87586-8 4996:. Cambridge, UK: 4982:978-0-86531-336-1 4952:978-0-89158-794-1 4219:, pp. 30–31. 4069:(in Vietnamese). 3940:(in Vietnamese). 3906:). 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Truman 2453: 2447: 2422:Phạm Ngọc Thạch 2403: 2351:Trịnh Đình Thảo 2343: 2315: 2277:prisoner-of-war 2256: 2243:Bernard B. Fall 2082: 2021: 2001: 1995: 1924:Meeting at the 1918: 1859: 1853: 1848: 1840:Main articles: 1838: 1764: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1676: 1637:Empire of Japan 1594: 1589: 1581: 1493:Mariana Islands 1366:Solomon Islands 1335:Burma (1944–45) 1325:Burma (1942–43) 1320:Burma (1941–42) 1313:Burma and India 1245:Franco-Thai War 1192:Andaman Islands 1119:Central Pacific 1110: 1105: 1103: 1073: 1068: 858: 839:11 January 1944 755: 676:Makassar Strait 640: 559: 539: 513:Franco-Thai War 497: 492: 490: 488: 458: 453: 344:Đô Lương mutiny 334:Franco-Thai War 312: 307: 305: 303: 269: 253: 251: 235: 233: 220: 218: 217: 209: 207: 197: 193:Empire of Japan 186: 184: 174: 172: 159: 157: 111: 98: 76: 53:Pacific Theater 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5900: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5771:Huỳnh Công Tấn 5768: 5763: 5758: 5756:Hoàng Cao Khải 5752: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5718: 5717: 5716: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5694: 5689: 5687:Albert Sarraut 5683: 5681: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5625:Phan Chu Trinh 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5605:Nguyễn An Ninh 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5509:Hoàng Hoa Thám 5506: 5501: 5496: 5494:Nguyễn Xuân Ôn 5491: 5489:Phan Xích Long 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5418:Nguyễn dynasty 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5337:Yên Bái mutiny 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5214:Truong Chinh. 5209: 5208:External links 5206: 5204: 5203: 5185:(2): 236–257. 5172: 5163: 5152: 5113: 5094: 5083: 5077: 5058: 5052: 5033: 5027: 5012: 5006: 4987: 4981: 4973:Westview Press 4957: 4951: 4943:Westview Press 4929: 4918: 4907: 4901: 4882: 4876: 4854: 4848: 4829: 4826:Paperback 1997 4818: 4792:Marr, David G. 4788: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4752:, p. 170. 4742: 4730: 4724:978-1400874903 4723: 4699: 4692: 4686:. p. 75. 4668: 4662:978-1134078479 4661: 4655:. p. 12. 4637: 4631:978-0429972546 4630: 4603: 4589:978-0520274150 4588: 4564: 4558:978-1315510842 4557: 4551:. p. 67. 4533: 4527:978-0429975196 4526: 4502: 4495: 4470: 4463: 4436: 4429: 4405: 4399:978-0521850629 4398: 4375: 4369:978-1401305611 4368: 4345: 4339:978-1134244768 4338: 4332:. p. 66. 4314: 4308:978-1405196789 4307: 4301:. p. 40. 4283: 4277:978-1317231936 4276: 4270:. p. 84. 4252: 4246:978-1442223035 4245: 4221: 4209: 4196: 4190:978-1851580002 4189: 4183:. Mainstream. 4171: 4148: 4118: 4092: 4046: 4024: 4015: 4006: 4002:U80 vẫn ấm lửa 3993: 3981: 3955: 3924: 3883:(March 1972). 3872: 3846: 3815: 3781: 3764: 3737: 3727: 3711: 3689: 3643: 3626: 3609: 3593: 3491: 3473: 3464: 3434: 3419: 3413:978-0520274150 3412: 3394: 3392:, p. 113. 3382: 3376:978-0375509155 3375: 3357: 3345: 3341:Tønnesson 2009 3333: 3329:Tønnesson 2009 3321: 3309: 3297: 3295:, p. 767. 3285: 3283:, p. 765. 3273: 3261: 3259:, p. 764. 3249: 3237: 3224: 3208: 3195: 3165: 3153: 3151:, p. 770. 3141: 3129: 3122: 3099: 3097:, p. 104. 3087: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3043: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2991:Indochina Wars 2988: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2962: 2959:Vietnam portal 2946: 2943: 2939:Star of August 2922: 2919: 2897:Main article: 2894: 2891: 2863:Main article: 2860: 2857: 2843: 2840: 2809: 2806: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2676: 2674: 2667: 2655: 2652: 2632:Norodom square 2617: 2614: 2609:Main article: 2606: 2603: 2478:, and General 2449:Main article: 2446: 2443: 2402: 2399: 2355:Trần Trọng Kim 2342: 2339: 2314: 2313:Hanoi uprising 2311: 2265:Vladimir Lenin 2255: 2252: 2166:Bo Doi Viet-My 2146:Võ Nguyên Giáp 2081: 2078: 2020: 2017: 1997:Main article: 1994: 1991: 1939:Trần Trọng Kim 1917: 1914: 1906:Nguyễn dynasty 1886:island-hopping 1855:Main article: 1852: 1849: 1837: 1834: 1763: 1760: 1691: 1688: 1683:Main article: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1562: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1522: 1520:South Sakhalin 1517: 1512: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1289: 1282: 1277: 1275:Malacca Strait 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1233:Southeast Asia 1229: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1143:Doolittle Raid 1140: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1102: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1079: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1059:Elephant Point 1056: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 999: 998: 993: 988: 983: 973: 968: 962: 961: 955: 954: 949: 944: 938: 937: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 914: 913: 908: 903: 893: 888: 883: 881:Sittang Bridge 878: 872: 871: 865: 864: 857: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 800: 799: 789: 784: 773: 768: 762: 761: 754: 753: 752: 751: 746: 741: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 647: 646: 639: 638: 633: 628: 627: 626: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 595: 594: 582: 577: 572: 566: 565: 558: 557: 552: 546: 545: 538: 537: 532: 527: 522: 521: 520: 509: 508: 502: 499: 498: 487: 486: 479: 472: 464: 455: 454: 452: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 410: 409: 398: 397: 392: 381: 380: 369: 368: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 317: 314: 313: 302: 301: 294: 287: 279: 271: 270: 268: 267: 259:Trần Trọng Kim 249: 230: 228: 226:Võ Nguyên Giáp 204: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 182: 169: 167: 154: 153: 149: 148: 145: 144: 143: 142: 136: 130: 117: 113: 112: 107: 105: 101: 100: 99:(2 weeks) 95: 87: 86: 68: 67: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5899: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5877:North Vietnam 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749:Collaborators 5747: 5739: 5738:Administrator 5736: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5726:Administrator 5724: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5714:Administrator 5712: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680:French rulers 5678: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 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3650: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3430: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3378: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3355:, p. 52. 3354: 3353:Worthing 2001 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3271:, p. 49. 3270: 3269:Worthing 2001 3265: 3258: 3253: 3247:, p. 47. 3246: 3245:Worthing 2001 3241: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3139:, p. 57. 3138: 3133: 3125: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3096: 3091: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3053:25 (1): 4–45. 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3010: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2963: 2960: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2927:Sao tháng Tám 2918: 2916: 2911: 2910:Fontainebleau 2907: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2774:16th parallel 2758: 2755: 2747: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2705: – 2704: 2700: 2699:Find sources: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2677:This section 2675: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2636:Trần Văn Giàu 2633: 2629: 2623: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2599:Souphanouvong 2596: 2592: 2587: 2585: 2580: 2579:Phạm Khắc Hòe 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2514:Trần Huy Liệu 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2469:Generalissimo 2466: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2418:Trần Văn Giàu 2415: 2412: 2408: 2407:Saigon-Cholon 2398: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2372: 2371:Trần Đình Nam 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2347:Nguyễn Kỳ Nam 2345:According to 2341:Events in Huế 2338: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2319: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2150:Paul Hoagland 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2077: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1878:China Theatre 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1847: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1819:Saigon region 1815: 1813: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1799:Ngô Văn Chiêu 1796: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1768: 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