Abdication of Bảo Đại

1516: 1431: 33: 3484: 1645: 1738: 1595:, China when he received the following telegram: "Sire, everything is fine here, take your time. Besides, you will be very useful to us by staying in China. Don't worry, as soon as it's time to come back, I'll let you know. Rest well for the tasks ahead. Brotherly kisses. Signed: Hồ Chí Minh." which contradicts the other account. As all of his clothes and documents were on the plane he remarked on Hồ Chí Minh being deceitful and was fortunate enough to meet a French-speaking Chinese man in Western clothes whom he met at the airport that allowed him to stay at his place after they bonded over both having studied in Paris. Bảo Đại stayed for months with his new friend and reported spent around six months in Chongqing where he met with notable Vietnamese politicians like 686: 1422:"In the opinion of many people, it is necessary to melt all the gold and silver taken over from the Nguyễn dynasty to increase the budget to serve the resistance." (Theo ý kiến của nhiều người, cần nấu chảy toàn bộ số vàng bạc tiếp quản từ triều Nguyễn để tăng ngân lượng phục vụ kháng chiến). In response Hồ Chí Minh asked: "If one day we unify the entire country, what evidence will exist to confirm that we have a tradition of several thousand years of civilisation?" (Nếu một ngày nào đó thống nhất đất nước, chúng ta lấy bằng chứng gì để khẳng định chúng ta có truyền thống mấy ngàn năm văn hiến?). This decision ensured the preservation of Nguyễn dynasty treasures into the present day. 3477: 3081:"Cặp Ấn Kiếm Của Vua Bảo Đại Giờ Ở Đâu? Chiều ngày 30/8/1945 tại Quảng trường Ngọ Môn (Huế), trong lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại, nhà sử học Trần Huy Liệu thay mặt phái đoàn đại diện Chính phủ VNDCCH đón nhận cặp ấn kiếm từ vị vua cuối cùng trong lịch sử Việt Nam. - Ngay hôm sau, đoàn mang quốc ấn và quốc kiếm đưa về Hà Nội. Kể từ ngày ấy, người dân Việt Nam ai cũng nghĩ quốc ấn và quốc kiếm đã được cơ quan có trách nhiệm gìn giữ như những bảo vật quốc gia khác. Không ngờ, sau ngày Toàn quốc kháng chiến, cặp ấn kiếm lịch sử này lại rơi vào tay người Pháp" 2110:"Hàng năm vào ngày 20 tháng Chạp Âm lịch, triều đình tiến hành lễ Phất Thức. Phất thức là mở hầm lấy tất cả các thức ra để kiểm điểm và quét bụi bặm, lau chùi thật sạch rồi lại cất vào hầm khoá lại. Làm những việc này các quan từ nhị phẩm trở lên mới được dự lễ Phất thức và phải tự mình làm lấy mọi việc, đưa ra, cất vào, dọn dẹp lau chùi. Trong dịp lễ Phất thức tháng Chạp năm Giáp Thân (tháng Giêng năm 1945), tôi đã theo dõi sát việc kiểm điểm và các bản kiểm kê đều được làm lại bằng chữ Quốc ngữ chứ không phải bằng chữ Hán như trước." Đó là một việc." 1832:(Flight of the Dragon - Royal / Imperial art of Vietnam). At this exhibition the sword had the description "Bien que la forme de cette épée soit française, le décor associé des dragons aux motifs traditionnels du Vietnam impérial - 'Hình dạng của thanh kiếm này giống kiếm của người Pháp, nhưng cách trang trí chạm khắc hình rồng theo mô-típ truyền thống của hoàng gia Việt Nam" (Although the shape of this sword is French, the decorations of the sword feature dragons which are a traditional motif of Imperial Vietnam). 3031:"Bảo tàng cổ vật cung đình Huế, ngắm Kim ấn và Kim sách - 23/04/2016 - 1306 view. Sáng 23/4, Bảo tàng Cổ vật Cung đình Huế diễn ra lễ khai mạc triển lãm "Bảo vật hoàng cung: Kim ấn và kim sách thời Nguyễn". Đây là hoạt động khởi đầu tuần lễ kích cầu du lịch Di sản Huế và chào mừng Festival Huế 2016. Tham dự có Phó Bí thư Tỉnh ủy, Chủ tịch UBND tỉnh Nguyễn Văn Cao; Phó Chủ tịch UBND tỉnh Nguyễn Dung. Các hiện vật nói trên được Bảo tàng lịch sử Quốc gia cho Bảo tàng Cổ vật Cung đình Huế mượn trưng bày đến 23/6/2016" 1362:"Possession of the "Mandate of Heaven" guarantees eventual victory, just as the Communist interpretation of history guarantees the inevitable victory of the Communists. Since Vietnamese Communists believe they have the "Mandate of Heaven," they must believe they will win. To accept defeat would be to accept that the "Mandate of Heaven" does not work; it would compromise the philosophy upon which Hanoi's leaders have based their entire lives." 218: 1539:(Supreme-councilor of the government), but Bảo Đại understood that this position was one that could have easily resulted in his death if he ever stepped out of line. In his memoirs Bảo Đại noted that the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam held weekly meetings that usually last from 09:00 to 13:00, he stated that during these meetings President Hồ Chí Minh just sits and watches others without speaking. He noted a time when 3470: 66: 1081:— Thứ hai: Trẫm yêu cầu tân chính phủ lấy tình huynh đệ đối xử với các đảng phái, các phe nhóm, các đoàn thể đã chiến đấu cho nền độc lập của đất nước, mặc dù không theo cùng đường hướng dân chủ của mặt trận, như vậy có thể giúp cho họ được tham gia vào sự kiến thiết đất nước, và chứng tỏ rằng tân chế độ đã được xây dựng trên tình đoàn kết dứt khoát của toàn thể nhân dân. 2180:) with more than 300 documents, images and artifacts about the August Revolution leading to the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Several photographs at the exhibition depicted soldiers in French-style uniforms holding the ceremonial items of the abdication, these photographs have descriptions that allude to them being of the abdication ceremony, but 2975:"Cổ vật cung đình Huế: Kho báu khổng lồ một thời vàng son-Kỳ 3: Cô đô Huế 'sạch bóng' Kim Ngọc Bảo Tỷ - Tại Huế, toàn bộ các ấn quý bằng vàng, bạc, ngọc hay còn gọi là Kim Ngọc Bảo Tỷ đến nay không còn một chiếc nào. Có lẽ thật sự đây là điều đáng tiếc nhất khi xuất xứ những chiếc ấn quý đó đều từ Huế mà ra. Có hơn 100 chiếc ấn quý báu với nhiều công năng" 2804:"Quốc ấn của vua Bảo Đại lưu lạc ở Pháp? - 31/03/2011 - 06:25 - Sau khi Hoàng hậu Nam Phương qua đời (1963), quốc ấn Hoàng đế Chi Bửu nằm trong tay Hoàng thái tử Bảo Long. Khoảng năm 1982, sau ngày Bảo Đại làm giấy hôn thú với bà Monique Baudot (người Pháp), ông nhận lại chiếc ấn từ con trai mình. Từ đó, không còn thấy ai nhắc gì tới chiếc ấn này nữa" 2156:(Hồi ký Nguyễn Hữu Đang), Nguyễn Hữu Đang described the blade as being gold. Of its three sheaths, the widest was two inches thick and it contains sharp claws like rice leaves. The sheaths are carved meticulously describing the hand of the craftsman as the quintessence of fine art work. Nguyễn Hữu Đang described the blade as coming from fairy tale. 1460:, Hanoi, French General François Jean Antonin Gonzalez de Linarès solemnly held a ceremony to hand over the seals and swords to the Chief of State Bảo Đại. The intent of the ceremony by the French was the symbolic return of the Emperor as "the Emperor left, the Emperor returned". Photographs of this event were published in the French magazine 1885:). On 25 August 1945 Bảo Đại met with the delegates and embarrassed them multiple times causing them to deliberate together on multiple occasions. Emperor Bảo Đại spoke of Trần Huy Liệu, the head of the delegation and vice chairman of the Committee, as being "a skinny man that looked pathetic, wearing dark glasses to hide his squinting eyes ( 1019:- Second: I ask the new government to treat the parties, groups, and unions that have fought for the country's independence, although not following the same democratic direction, in this way, they can participate in the construction of the country, and prove that the new regime has been built on the decisive solidarity of the entire people. 573:"In response to the gentlemen's call, I am ready to resign. In the time of making decisions for the nation, to be united is vital and to be divided is a death sentence. I am willing to sacrifice everything for solidarity to be realised and I expect the leaders of this committee to come to Huế as soon as possible for the transfer of power." 492:Điện tín này được ký bởi "Ủy ban Nhân dân Cứu quốc đại diện mọi đảng phái và mọi tầng lớp nhân dân". Nhưng không có tên ai. Tôi không biết ai là những thủ lãnh …Đã đến lúc tôi phải có một sự lựa chọn để dung hòa số phận của tôi với số phận của dân tộc tôi… là tôi phải ra đi. - Nhưng ai là người tiếp nhận sự ra đi của tôi? 1129:"It has been 399 years since the day when our great ancestor entered the lands of Thuận Hóa up until this day. In the past four centuries, our family has experienced many dangerous hardships and have endured. But for the sake of our nation the time has come to pass over the throne. For me, today is the day. 2540:"Cách mạng tháng Tám và sự ra đời của Chính phủ Lâm thời qua một số tư liệu, tài liệu lưu trữ (tiếp theo) - 08:47 AM 17/08/2020 - Lượt xem: 603 - Bài viết trình bày đôi nét về cuộc Tổng khởi nghĩa giành chính quyền mùa thu Tháng Tám năm 1945, sự ra đời của Chính phủ Lâm thời nước Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hoà" 1974:

long time" (Từ nay về sau nên lấy ấn này làm vật báu truyền ngôi. Con cháu ta phải đời đời để lại cho nhau, đừng làm mất đi mà truyền đến ức muôn năm dài lâu mãi mãi). But noted that the theory that Bảo Đại only gave fake symbols to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam would make less sense as the real

581:"Phúc đáp lời kêu gọi của quý ông, tôi sẵn sàng từ nhiệm. Trong cái giờ lịch sử quyết định của dân tộc, đoàn kết thì sống, chia rẽ là chết. Tôi sẵn sàng hy sinh tất cả cho sự đoàn kết được thực hiện và tôi mong mỏi các vị lãnh đạo ủy ban này đến Huế trong thời gian sớm nhất để chuyển giao quyền hành." 1170:

Song Trẫm biết rằng: Đó chỉ là cái cảm tình thoáng qua trong chốc lát mà thôi, chớ bà con ta, ai cũng sẵn tính bình tĩnh, sẵn trí sáng suốt để xét rộng thấy xa, cho nên sau khi đã chuẩn định ba chữ "Dân Vi Quý" làm khẩu hiệu của chánh thể mới sau khi đã tuyên bố "Để Hạnh Phúc Dân Lên Trên Ngai Vàng",

1146:

So I want the imperial family, after hearing word of my abdication, to let the country rise above the love for the dynasty, to unite with the entire nation to support the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and to maintain independence. For the sake of our Fatherland. That is a noble and

1025:

As for me, during my twenty years on the throne, I have been through so much bitterness. I would rather be a citizen of a free country, than the sovereign of an enslaved country. From now on I am happy to be a free citizen, in an independent country. I will no longer allow anyone to take advantage of

660:

philosophy and of his vow that he would rather be only a citizen of an independent country than the puppet ruler of an enslaved country. He called on the members of the imperial family to support the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and that they should also work to preserve Vietnam’s

615:(Comment on the three roles of Bảo Đại: Sovereign, Supreme Advisor, and Chief of State - Part 4) claimed that Bảo Đại accepted the proposal to abdicate in a calculated decision as he may have had hope that he still had popular support and that the people might have resisted the revolution in his aid. 3317:

Vietnam and the Chinese model: a comparative study of Vietnamese ... - Page 102 Alexander Woodside - 1971 "Thanh's son, a degree holder with many acquaintances in the newly emerging Nguyen scholar class, wrote an ... intrigue by Duyet ensured that Gia-long saw the poem, with the consequence that the

2131:

As a second point in his article Phạm Cao Phong noted that the art of creating swords during the Nguyễn dynasty period had reached its zenith and Vietnamese swords during this period were of the highest quality, as an example he cited the fact that on 5 July 1885 the French seized a sword once owned

1022:- Third: I request that all parties, groups, people from all walks of life, as well as the entire imperial family to unite and work closely together to unconditionally support the government of the Democratic Republic (of Vietnam), in order to strengthen the movement towards national independence. 785:

After the delegates had received the ceremonial items they held them up to the people of Huế so they can observe them, Trần Huy Liệu noted how he and the other delegates never held more than a few grams of gold before in their lives and were surprised by how heavy the golden objects were making them

723:

According to his memoirs, Bảo Đại read the proclamation while the audience was in complete silence. According to him everyone present at the ceremony was shocked. He watched the top audience and said that all of them had expressions of great amazement. The men and women present were all bewildered.

465:

The telegram was signed by "The People's Salvation Committee representing all parties and all classes of the (Vietnamese) people". But not a single person is named. I don't know who the leaders are… The time has come for me to have a choice to reconcile my destiny with that of my people… that I must

1880:

Phạm Cao Phong noted that at the time the 30 year old Emperor Bảo Đại was known to be both a hunter and playboy as well as a professional gambler that treated both animals and girls as prey. He used this in analogy that Bảo Đại likely perceived the delegates of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as

1492:

When Bảo Đại returned Mộng Điệp said that she has the ceremonial items he gave to Trần Huy Liệu in 1945 and the story of how the French retrieved them. In response Bảo Đại exclaimed "Oh! That's right... In the old days these things went away and saved my life. Now suddenly they come back, maybe I'm

1180:

Vậy Trẫm muốn bà con trong Hoàng Tộc sau khi nghe lời thoái vị ai ai cũng vui lòng để nghĩa nước lên trên tình nhà mà đoàn kết chặt chẽ với toàn thể quốc dân để ủng hộ Chính phủ Dân chủ Cộng hòa giữ vững nền độc lập cho Tổ Quốc. Thế mới là một cách chân thành cao thượng, giữ chữ Trung với Trẫm, chữ

1136:

Song Trẫm said that: It is only a fleeting sentiment for a moment, afterwards, everyone is ready to calm down, ready to see and see far, it is after this philosophy that I created the three-word slogan "Dân Vi Quý" as the slogan of the new regime after declaring "the imperial throne will strive for

1087:

Riêng về phần Trẫm, trong hai mươi năm ở ngôi, Trẫm đã trải qua bao nhiêu cay đắng. Trẫm muốn được làm Dân một nước tự do, hơn làm Vua một nước bị trị. Từ nay Trẫm lấy làm sung sướng được là Dân tự do, trong một nước độc lập. Trẫm không để cho bất cứ ai được lợi dụng danh nghĩa Trẫm, hay danh nghĩa

769:

After he handed over the sword Emperor Bảo Đại asked the delegation now that he is an ordinary citizen of an independent country if he could also receive something from the delegation to commemorate this event. The delegate was surprised with the request and quickly discussed what to do, Cù Huy Cận

440:

At the time Emperor Bảo Đại was unaware of the issues that had plagued his country, such as the devastating Wood Cock famine that had killed possibly millions of his subjects in Annam and Tonkin as no contemporary evidence exists of Bảo Đại addressing this major disaster in Vietnamese history. When

1973:

seal for the transfer of the throne, especially since Emperor Gia Long said that this seal should "forever be the symbol of the power of the Nguyễn dynasty throne and that his descendants must forever guard it, not lose it, and preserve the memory of the seal and what it stood for, for years and a

1916:

against the Việt Minh as the transfer of these files to the DRV was seen as "Heaven's will". Phạm Cao Phòng questioned why French soldiers were even digging fortifications at that time and at that location and wondered why the French were preparing for Việt Minh tanks in such an unlikely location.

1543:

reported that after budgeting there were only three 25-cent coins left in the state fund. And in order to increase the money in the state's coffers, it is proposed that indirect taxes be imposed on consumable products such as chickens, ducks, and buffalo. Bảo Đại then said "Vous oubliez le chien."

1067:

Chiếu đà tiến dân chủ đang đẩy mạnh ở miền Bắc nước ta, Trẫm e ngại rằng một sự tranh chấp giữa miền Bắc với miền Nam khó tránh được, nếu Trẫm đợi sau cuộc trưng cầu dân ý, để quyết định thoái vị. Trẫm hiểu rằng, nếu có cuộc tranh chấp đó, đưa cả nước vào hỗn loạn đau thương, thì chỉ có lợi cho kẻ

2136:

in Paris still looks new despite its age. So Phạm Cao Phong wondered how such a relatively new sword in the hands of such a cruel dynasty that took good care of its possessions would be in such a bad state. He concluded that the sword Bảo Đại handed over to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam must

2029:

The weight of the seal has also been disputed by various accounts giving vastly different weights of the seal. According to Phạm Khắc Hoè it had a weight of 10 kilograms and was made of pure gold, Trần Huy Liệu claimed that it weighed only 7 kg, while Nguyễn Hữu Đang claimed that the seal weighed

1968:

seal, was handed over by Emperor Bảo Đại to the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam outside of the ceremony. He claimed that it would have made more sense if this seal was handed over at the ceremony because of its symbolic significance as no other seal is qualified as legal value as

1230:

to prepare a table for Hồ Chí Minh and bring the seal and sword there. After the reading of the declaration of independence Hồ Chí Minh suddenly stood up, he quickly grabbed the sword and then leisurely walked over to the microphone, pulled the blade out of its sheath, and raised it as high as he

664:

The August Revolution was proclaimed to be successful, on 25 August 1945, President Hồ Chí Minh together with the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Trung ương Đảng) and the National Committee for the Liberation of the People (Ủy ban Dân tộc giải phóng) returned to Hanoi. The abdication of

606:

Journalist Nguyễn Kỳ Nam claimed that Emperor Bảo Đại personally was aware of the Việt Minh before the revolution and that a Japanese general had alerted him claiming that he had gathered intelligence about the secret organisation of Việt Minh revolutionaries all over the country but that Bảo Đại

1137:

the happiness of the people". However, now I am determined to step down to deliver the fate of the country's life to a government that is eligible to mobilise. All forces of the country are being mobilised to maintain the independence of the country and to strive for the happiness of the people.

1904:

Phạm Cao Phong noted that many contradictory sources exist on which items (sword and seal) were transferred on 30 August 1945, such as reports by Phạm Khắc Hòe, Trần Huy Liệu, Cù Huy Cận, Nguyễn Hữu Đang, the concubine Mộng Điệp, as well as the published documents of the French about the event.

1876:

war zone), he was unimpressed by both Liệu and the delegation. As Hoè was the only one with access to the most important items in the imperial palace Phạm Cao Phong argues that this might have given him a motivation to deliberately wish to not provide real objects during the handover ceremony.

1808:

Following the French counteroffensive during the First Indochina War the government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam publicly buried the seal and the Sword of the State. After carefully looking for the regalia the French later dug up the sword, which had been broken into three pieces, and then

2159:

According to the contradictory reports, the rusty sword in Cù Huy Cận's hand on 30 August 1945 turned into a golden sword in Nguyễn Hữu Đang's hands within a period of only three days. Mr. Trần Huy Liệu stated that he had submitted the sword, alongside the seal, to Hồ Chí Minh and the Standing

933:- Đối với các đảng-phái đã từng tranh-đấu cho nền Độc-Lập Quốc-Gia nhưng không đi sát phong-trào dân-chúng, Trẫm mong Chính phủ mới ôn hoà mật-thiết xử-đối để những phần-tử ấy cũng có thể góp sức kiến-thiết quốc-gia và để tỏ ra rằng chính thể mới xây đắp trên sự đoàn-kết của toàn thể quốc-dân. 926:

Mặc dầu Trẫm đau đớn nghĩ đến công lao Liệt-Thánh đã vào sinh ra tử đã gần 400 năm để mở mang non-sông đất nước từ Thuận-Hoá tới Hà-Tiên. Mặc dầu Trẫm buồn rầu nghĩ tới 20 năm qua Trẫm ở trong cái cảnh không thể thi-hành được việc gì đáng kể cho nước nhà như lòng Trẫm muốn, Trẫm cũng quả-quyết

322:

of Emperor Bảo Đại, he announced that he would abdicate and officially abdicated on 25 August. After a representative of the Việt Minh convinced Bảo Đại to hold a public abdication ceremony, he did so on 30 August 1945. The passing of the ceremonial seal and sword had been seen as symbolically

2675:"Nhà sử học, nhà báo Trần Huy Liệu (1901-1969) (Phần 2 và hết) - 30/08/2019 08:36 - Lượt xem: 1345 - Điểm: 0/5 (0 đánh giá) - * Người khởi thảo Quân lệnh số 1 của Ủy ban Khởi nghĩa; sau Cách mạng tháng Tám, là Trưởng phái đoàn của Chính phủ Lâm thời vào Huế tiếp nhận ấn kiếm của vua Bảo Đại" 867:. Although I think sadly about the past 20 years I was in a situation where I could not do anything significant for the country as I had wanted to do, I am now determined to give up control of the nation to a Republican and Democratic Government. After abdicating, I only wish for 3 things: 2095:

from the secondary school upwards may attend the ceremony and have to do everything by themselves, bring the objects out, put them back in, and clean them up. During the Feast of the Chạp month of the Giáp Thân year (January 1945), I have closely watched the review of these objects and the

3059:"Cặp ấn kiếm của vua Bảo Đại giờ ở đâu? - 03/09/2015 - 07:16 TP - Chiều ngày 30/8/1945 tại Quảng trường Ngọ Môn (Huế), trong lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại, nhà sử học Trần Huy Liệu thay mặt phái đoàn đại diện Chính phủ VNDCCH đón nhận cặp ấn kiếm từ vị vua cuối cùng trong lịch sử Việt Nam" 1356:

seal and the Sword of the State presented a strong personal motivation for the Communist leadership to pursue victory over the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. In a later passage regarding the psychology of the Communist Vietnamese leadership Jenkins wrote:

618:

A French military force entitled "Lambda" consisting of 6 men led by the French captain Castelnat parachuted 28 kilometers from Huế in order to try to prevent Emperor Bảo Đại from abdicating. However, they were captured by the Việt Minh as soon as their parachutes hit the ground.

2160:

Central Committee of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Phạm Cao Phong believes that there is a possibility that the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam found out that this sword was a fake and got another sword instead, as he stated that "Rusty gold is fake gold" (

1864:(Chính phủ Cách mạng lâm thời Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa) and the people behind it. After the demands for his abdication were made Emperor Bảo Đại inquired into the demanders but wasn't able to find much information about the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and their government. 995:, I fear that a dispute between the North and the South is unavoidable, if I wait after a referendum to decide to step down. I understand that, if there is such a dispute that brings the whole country into painful chaos, it will only benefit the invaders to take advantage of. 2061:

records that the emperor had also had Thành himself and Thành's elderly father executed. In effect this was the case, as Thành was driven to take his own life. Furthermore, Phạm Cao Phong stated that he believed that it was unlikely for servants to let the "butcher's sword"

672:

had an inventory of assets in the imperial Citadel to hand over to the Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The most valuable items were the historical pearl and ivory objects of the Nguyễn Emperors. These were stored in a large tunnel behind the

1912:, he announced that the gold seal and Sword of the State were found on 28 February 1953 at Nghĩa Đô where French soldiers dug for fortifications near the temple. Gonzalez de Linares then noted that he handed them over to the Bảo Đại government on 8 March 1952 as a form of 661:

independence. Both of these edicts made it clear that Emperor Bảo Đại's will to step aside on behalf of the new government in Hanoi. The edicts also contained the notion that he was unambiguously transmitting his mandate voluntarily rather than under any form of coercion.

2647:"Lễ thoái vị của Hoàng đế Bảo Đại qua lời kể của nhà thơ Huy Cận. - Sau nghi thức trao ấn kiếm khá đơn giản chiều 30/8/1945, hoàng đế Bảo Đại đã đọc bản Chiếu thoái vị ngay trên tầng 2 của Ngọ Môn và chính nhà thơ Cù Huy Cận đã gắn huy hiệu công dân lên ngực áo cựu hoàng" 1989:

70 years ago" (Dòng chảy lịch sử đất Việt chuyển dòng cách đây đúng 70 năm). Phạm Cao Phong noted that not a single person directly or indirectly involved in this event reached out to bring this unique witness to the abdication ceremony. He noted that the absence of the

1063:

Nhận định rằng sự đoàn kết của toàn thể đồng bào chúng ta vào giờ phút này là một sự cần thiết cho Tổ quốc chúng ta, ngày 23 tháng 8, Trẫm đã nhắc lại cho toàn thể nhân dân ta là: Ở giờ phút quyết định này của Lịch sử, đoàn kết có nghĩa là sống, mà chia rẽ là chết.

2140:

In his memoires, Cù Huy Cận wrote that after receiving the Sword of the State he admired the gilded exterior of the sword but was curious to the blade itself which appeared to have suffered from oxidation, this made him comment on the rusty state of the sword in a

1994:

seal during the abdication ceremony of Bảo Đại may have been an indication of "a dishonest transfer of the throne" (Nghĩa với việc chuyển giao ngai vàng là không thành thật). Furthermore, he noted that the presence of a rusty sword reinforces that statement.

1515: 1921:

seal was real or fake, as well as Bảo Đại's absence on the day the French returned these objects. Following the return of the ceremonial objects to Bảo Đại the French said "The Nguyễn dynasty goes, the Nguyễn dynasty returns" (Nguyễn đi rồi Nguyễn lại về).

987:

Commenting that the solidarity of all our compatriots at this moment is a necessity for our ancestral homeland, on 23 August, I repeated to all of our people: At this decisive and important moment of our history, unity means living, division means death.

2091:, the court conducted the Phất Thức ceremony. Part of the duty is to open the cellar to take all the objects out to check them and then sweep them clean from dust, clean them thoroughly and then store them in the locked vault again. By doing these things, 3307:

Page 377 ed. George E. Dutton, Jayne S. Werner, John K. Whitmore - 2012 "For example, Mr. Gia Long adopted the law enacted during the ... an innocent one, Mr. Gia Long ordered the execution of his three generations . In other words, because he was so

1140:"Independence of the country, The happiness of the people" (Độc lập của nước, Hạnh phúc của dân), because of those eight words, in the past eight decades, tens of thousands of people have lost their lives for this struggle or were sentenced to prison. 887:), I had to bitterly swallow the reality of dependence many times. From now on, I am happy to be a people of an independent country, and decide not to let anyone take advantage of my name or that of the imperial family and play the nation as a puppet. 1071:

Trẫm không thể không ngậm ngùi khi nghĩ đến các tiên đế đã chiến đấu trên bốn trăm năm để mở mang bờ cõi từ Thuận Hóa đến Hà Tiên. Trẫm không khỏi tiếc hận là trong hai mươi năm ở ngôi, Trẫm không thể làm gì đem lại lợi ích đáng kể cho đất nước.

852:, if I keep waiting for the creation of a National Assembly, I am afraid that it will be difficult to avoid the South-North divide of our nation, causing suffering for the nation. This situation would be great for outsiders to take advantage of. 1394:

Following the abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty in 1945 Emperor Bảo Đại handed over 3000 antiques (weighing around 800 kilograms) of antiques, including seals, from the Forbidden City and other royal palaces to the revolutionary government of the

1871:

met up with Trần Huy Liệu, one of the delegates of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, on 28 August 1945. According to the memoires of Phạm Khắc Hoè, "Từ triều đình Huế đến chiến khu Việt Bắc" (From the Court of Huế to the

2148:

Phạm Cao Phong noted that it is possible that Phạm Khắc Hòe quickly commissioned the creation of a fake sword after meeting Trần Huy Liệu on 28 August 1945 and being unimpressed with the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

939:

Riêng Trẫm trong 20 năm Ngai vàng Bệ-ngọc, đã biết bao lần ngậm đắng nuốt cay. Từ nay Trẫm lấy làm vui được làm dân một nước Độc-Lập, quyết không để ai lợi-dụng danh nghĩa của Trẫm hay danh nghĩa của Hoàng-Gia mà lung-lạc quốc-dân nữa.

477:

to go outside of the city and ask information about this Việt Minh. Both returned without finding any information about them. So I had to type an empty telegram message to the "People's Committee for National Salvation" in Hanoi."

1164:"Kể từ ngày Đức Thái Tổ Gia Dụ Hoàng Đế vào trấn ở Thuận Hóa đến nay đã 399 năm. Trong non bốn thế kỷ, Liệt Thánh chúng ta đã trải qua biết bao sự gian lao nguy hiểm, vì nước vì dân mới truyền ngôi lại cho Trẫm được đến ngày nay. 1084:— Thứ ba: Trẫm yêu cầu tất cả các đảng phái, các phe nhóm, tất cả các tầng lớp xã hội cũng như toàn thể hoàng gia phải đoàn kết chặt chẽ để hậu thuẫn vô điều kiện cho Chính phủ Dân chủ Cộng hòa, hầu củng cố nền độc lập quốc gia. 495:

Tôi bảo người em họ Vĩnh Cẩn và Ngự tiền văn phòng Phạm Khắc Hòe ra ngoài thành Nội hỏi tin tức về Việt Minh. Cả hai trở về chả biết chi cả. Tôi đành đánh đại một bức điện tín gửi trống không “Ủy ban Nhân dân Cứu quốc” ở Hà Nội."

873:- As for the parties that have fought for the National Independence but do not follow the popular movement, I hope that the new Government will be gentle and treat them well so that they can also participate and contribute to 2007:(皇帝之寶) seal as being the seal that Emperor Bảo Đại personally handed over to the representatives of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 30 August 1945. However, according to the 1430: 774:

Revolutionary People's Committee gave to members of the Delegation and installed on it on the chest of Bảo Đại, he then loudly proclaimed "Xin đồng bào hoan nghênh công dân Vĩnh Thụy" (Welcome, fellow citizen Vĩnh Thụy).

1375:

This was cited as an important psychological reason why the Communists were so determined to keep on fighting and didn't give up during the Vietnam War when fighting the South Vietnamese and their allies (including the

2066:), a reference to cruelty of the Nguyễn dynasty, rust as it was a worship object in the imperial palace and servants were recruited to protect all objects in the imperial palace from even dust. Phạm Cao Phong wondered 880:- I hope that all the parties, social classes, and the people of the imperial family should unite and fully support the government of the Democratic Republic (of Vietnam) to maintain the independence of the country. 844:

Considering that the unity of the entire nation at this time is essential, I have declared that this past 22 August during this most serious hour in our National History: Unity is to survive. Division is to perish.

1411:. At the time, only light and small items were selected to move to Hanoi, as heavy items, such as the throne, the Emperor’s palanquin, stone-made screen of the Minh Mạng Emperor, etc. were left in the city of Huế. 650:

came to the palace to receive the documents of resignation, Emperor Bảo Đại at first gave the declaration to Trần Huy Liệu, but Liệu then convinced the Emperor to hold a formal ceremony announcing his abdication.

1929:

seal not really being the most valuable seal of the Nguyễn dynasty being a psychological blow against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as Phạm Cao Phong claimed that the most precious seal of the nation was the

1132:

Our family has had this precious inheritance for nearly 400 years, and in a single moment I gave this all up. I know that for the people in the imperial family it must be painful and pitiful to learn about this.

1451:

in the outskirts of Hanoi, French soldiers saw a 20 liter barrel of kerosene made of iron, inside of this barrel was a gold seal and a broken sword. Ten days later, on 8 March 1952, a full three years after the

1444: 462:"With the determination of the entire nation who are willing to sacrifice to protect the independence of the nation, we respectfully ask his Imperial Majesty to make a historic gesture of renouncing his power". 922:

Nay thấy nhiệt-vọng dân-chủ của quốc-dân Bắc-Bộ lên cao, nếu Trẫm cứ yên vị đợi một Quốc-Hội thì e rằng khó tránh được sự Nam-Bắc tương tàn, đã thống khổ cho quốc-dân lại thuận-lợi cho người ngoài lợi dụng.

1909: 789:

Trần Huy Liệu then proceeded to read a speech to the people, in his speech he declared the end of over a millennium of monarchy and the proclamation that the reign of the Nguyễn dynasty has come to an end.

3378: 701:, located within the citadel of Huế. The Meridian Gate was chosen because it is the venue for the most important political events of the Nguyễn dynasty such as the coronation ceremony of a new Emperor ( 2274:

p20 "The royal mandarinal hierarchies for education, administration, and justice were abolished, while Mr. Vĩnh Thụy (formerly Emperor Bảo Đại) was appointed advisor to the DRV provisional government."

522:

set an ultimatum of 12 hours for Bảo Đại to abdicate, otherwise they couldn't guarantee that he or his family would survive the August Revolution. Bảo Đại claimed that he had attempted to contact the

32: 1896:

In his memoirs Phạm Khắc Hoè mentions that briefly before the abdication ceremony Emperor Bảo Đại said "ça vaut bien le coup alors" (Well worth it then) to him, describing it as a profitable gamble.

1861: 640: 1688:), in his memoirs he claimed that he did this to receive better recognition on an international level. Furthermore, in his memoirs he emphasised that his proper title was "Emperor, Chief of State" ( 3703: 744: 654:

Together with his edict declaring his abdication, Emperor Bảo Đại also promulgated an edict which was directed at the imperial family of the Nguyễn dynasty, reminding them of his attachment to the

1852:

questioned if sword and seal handed over by Emperor Bảo Đại to the representatives of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam were authentic or even "the correct" state symbols of the Nguyễn dynasty.

919:

Xét tới sự đoàn-kết toàn-thể quốc-dân trong lúc này là điều tối cần thiết, Trẫm đã tuyên-bố ngày 22 tháng 8 vừa rồi trong giờ nghiêm-trọng của Lịch-Sử Quốc-Gia: Đoàn-Kết là sống, Chia rẽ là chết.

1013:

Even so, and strong in my beliefs, I have decided to step down to empower the government of the Democratic Republic (of Vietnam). Before leaving the throne, I had only three things that I ask:

1075:

Mặc dù vậy, và vững mạnh trong sự tin tưởng của mình, Trẫm đã quyết định thoái vị, và Trẫm trao quyền cho Chính phủ Dân chủ Cộng hòa. Trước khi từ giã ngai vàng, Trẫm chỉ có ba điều muốn nói:

1583:

to secure weapons to fight the French he bluntly announced that he would stay to which his travel companions pointed out that he only cared for women and playing games. However in his memoirs

1761:

was stolen from the museum and it eventually ended up in the hands of concubine Mộng Điệp who intended to hand it, and the sword, back to Emperor Bảo Đại after he would return from France to

425:

saying that there were urgent and confidential matters. At that time, the journalist Nguyễn Kỳ Nam was present because he was General Manager of the Ministry of Justice office in Huế of the

4560: 2539: 1680:). On 24 April 1949 Bảo Đại would return from France back to Vietnam. Nearly two months later, on 14 June 1949 Bảo Đại issued an ordinance giving him the position of "Chief of State of the 1328: 674: 628: 470: 1171:

nay Trẫm nhất định thoái vị để giao vận mạng quốc gia cho một Chính phủ có đủ điều kiện huy động hết cả lực lượng của toàn quốc giữ vững nền độc lập của nước và mưu hạnh phúc cho dân.

607:

refused the offer by the Japanese to take down the Communists because he believed that enough bloodshed had already occurred during the war. The writer Nguyễn Văn Lục of the newspaper

1211: 1706:

During his time as Chief of State he was often absent from most events in Vietnam and would frequently spend his time in Europe or in his domain, specifically in the resort towns of

3680: 1400: 1703:

lands within Vietnam that were directly placed under his rule where remained to be the "Emperor". It was officially established on 15 April 1950 and dissolved on 11 March 1955.

627:

The abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại was officially announced on 25 August 1945. The imperial edict ending the Nguyễn dynasty was composed by Emperor Bảo Đại with the help of Prince

3483: 798: 2542:(in Vietnamese). Trung tâm Lưu trữ quốc gia I (National Archives Nr. 1, Hanoi) - Cục Văn thư và Lưu trữ nhà nước (State Records And Archives Management Department Of Việt Nam) 1608: 422: 1672:

In order to combat the influence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Việt Minh the French were forced to grant more autonomy to the Vietnamese and French President

1259:, because of the transfer of the ceremonial seal and sword in 1945 the North Vietnamese believed that they were in possession of the Mandate of Heaven while the supposedly 2077:

Phạm Khắc Hoè, who did the inventorisation of the family heirlooms of the Nguyễn dynasty wrote in January 1945 regarding the status of all ceremonial items in the palace:

1174:"Độc lập của nước, Hạnh phúc của dân", vì tám chữ đó mà trong tám chục năm vừa qua biết mấy mươi vạn đồng bào đã rơi đầu bỏ xác nơi nước thẳm non xa trong lao tù ngục tối. 489:"Trước lòng quyết tâm của toàn thể dân tộc sẵn sàng hy sinh để bảo vệ nền độc lập quốc gia, chúng tôi kính cẩn xin Hoàng Thượng làm một cử chỉ lịch sử là trao quyền lại". 794: 724:

He stated that the proclamation of his abdication proclamation was like a bolt of lightning hitting them across their heads causing them to instantly freeze. In contrast

3969: 595: 3964: 2594: 1868: 669: 632: 474: 442: 4603: 3903: 2057:

war hero that was responsible for severe victories for the Nguyễn dynasty being executed for two lines in a poem by his son in 1815, Gia Long had the son executed.

1757:

seal remained buried and when Hanoi was given back to the North Vietnamese they dug the seal up and gave it to the National Museum of Vietnamese History. Later the

445:

received the telegram and told Bảo Đại about the demands which surprised him as he wasn't aware of either the revolution or which political actors were behind it.

2203:

He concluded that these photographs were indeed from a French colonial ceremony held in 1952 symbolising the return of Emperor Bảo Đại rather than his abdication.

1600: 1596: 1580: 1453: 1227: 936:- Trẫm mong tất cả các đảng phái, các giai-từng xã-hội, các người trong Hoàng Tộc nên hợp nhất ủng-hộ triệt-để Chính-phủ Dân-chủ để giữ vững nền Độc-Lập nước nhà. 954:

Vietnam: Blood and Fire - Pages 38, 39, and 40 - Mai Lĩnh Publishing House, 1954 (Việt Nam Máu Lửa, trang 38, 39, 40 - Nghiêm Kế Tố - Nhà xuất bản Mai Lĩnh 1954.)

17: 4828: 793:

The two men responsible for lowering the flag of the Nguyễn dynasty (Empire of Vietnam) and hoisting the flag of the Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vietnam),

725: 643: 418: 2070:

a sword in the possession of the Nguyễn dynasty with such high symbolic value would even be subject to the level of negligence that would let it be subject to

1473:

the French intended to hand the ceremonial items back to the Nguyễn dynasty on that day, but according to the accounts of Mộng Điệp Bảo Đại was on vacation in

984:

In order to achieve these two purposes, I declared my willingness to sacrifice everything, and wished that my sacrifice would benefit the ancestral homeland.

2034: 1814: 1478: 1470: 754:

The three representatives of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam that attended the ceremony to formalise the abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại were Trần Huy Liệu,

1560: 2119: 1849: 506: 2037:

claimed that when she held the seal after it was handed over to her by the French weighed 12.9 kilograms. Furthermore, she described the seal as having a

1676:

arranged for the former Emperor Bảo Đại to return to Vietnam and lead a new autonomous Vietnamese state in what the French called the "Bảo Đại solution" (

665:

Emperor Bảo Đại further symbolised the end of the military government and the beginning of a civilian government for the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

3416: 3003:"No royal seal left in Hue today. VietNamNet Bridge – It is a great regret that none of more than 100 seals of the Nguyen emperors are in Hue City today" 2922: 2737: 1415: 549:

begged for Bảo Đại to take shelter in the Imperial Tomb but he refused. Bảo Đại later received a second telegram from Hanoi asking for his abdication.

2196:

as their uniforms didn't match the Nguyễn dynasty military uniforms of the Bảo Đại period. Furthermore, he noted that the background clearly shows the

2041:. The dragon on the knob was said to be arched with its head raised and was described as "not very sharp", the dragon is studded with two red pearls. 1448: 1010:. I cannot help but regret that during the twenty years of being on the throne, I could do nothing to benefit the country in any significant manner. 656: 3540: 2954: 2769: 2622: 414:(League for the Independence of Vietnam) launched a general uprising against both French and Japanese colonial rule in Vietnam on 14 August 1945. 2595:

Nguyễn Thế Ánh (Emeritus Professor of History, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sciences Historiques et Philologiques, Paris-Sorbonne) (2002).

2335: 1531:

Following his abdication former Emperor Bảo Đại accepted President Hồ Chí Minh's offer to become an advisor to the new Vietnamese government in

4813: 2674: 1794: 3665: 837:

Wanting to achieve these goals, I have declared that I am ready to make all the necessary sacrifices, and I want my sacrifices to benefit our

4596: 3126: 1985:

seal wasn't "a witness" at all at the transfer of power ceremony during the abdication of Bảo Đại which "completely changed the flow of the

1205: 4808: 2248:

Could also be translated as meaning the Vietnamese proverb "Đáng đồng tiền bát gạo - Cũng bõ công làm" (Worth the money of a bowl of rice).

2049:

Phạm Cao Phong noted that the Nguyễn dynasty (and earlier Nguyễn lords) were known for being especially cruel during their reigns, such as

1563:(Việt Cách) called upon Bảo Đại to lead the country again; he showed complete indifference to their proposals, and instead indulged in the 1414:

Following the transfer of the treasures from the government of the Nguyễn dynasty to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, an official named

1167:

Cái gia tài quý báu di truyền đã gần 400 năm ấy, trong giờ phút Trẫm bỏ hết, bà con trong Hoàng Tộc, ai nghe cũng phải đau đớn, ngậm ngùi.

246: 327:

over to the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam". Following his abdication Emperor Bảo Đại became "citizen Vĩnh Thụy" (公民永瑞,

3545: 1644: 1231:

could reach, shouting loudly and slowly causing vibrations across the entire space the words "This sword is meant to behead traitors." (

4274: 4239: 3862: 1177:Đối với những sự hy sinh của những kẻ anh hùng liệt nữ ấy, của muôn ngàn chiến sĩ vô danh ấy, Trẫm cho sự thoái vị của Trẫm là thường. 3943: 2646: 486:"Sau đó ít lâu, giám đốc Bưu điện Huế xin được gặp tôi. Ông ta đưa cho tôi một điện tín nhận được từ Hà Nội. Nội dung bức điện tín: 1737: 1278:

Brian Michael Jenkins wrote that he thinks that the senior leadership of North Vietnam (the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the

3185: 2596: 1439:

for the recovery of the items the Bảo Đại Emperor gave to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam during his abdication ceremony (1952).

2850: 2285: 2225:

Biểu dương lực lượng của hàng trăm nghìn người thuộc các tầng lớp xã hội do chính quyền cách mạng tổ chức tại quảng trường Ngọ Môn

1801:, a typical Vietnamese decoration. The sword has an inscription on it which indicates that it was created during the reign of the 1119:), Emperor Bảo Đại also issued another document (imperial edict) for the imperial family attached to it with the following text: 1060:Để đạt hai mục đích ấy, Trẫm tuyên bố sẵn sàng hy sinh tất cả, và ước mong rằng sự hy sinh của Trẫm đem lại lợi ích cho Tổ quốc. 4545: 3622: 3409: 1981:

But that's why according to Phạm Cao Phong the story of the transfer ceremony becomes troublesome. Phạm Cao Phong noted that the

1556: 4555: 563:

Emperor Bảo Đại sent the following telegram to the "Comité des Patriotes" (Ủy Ban những người yêu nước) accepting their terms:

3888: 2861: 2857: 1256: 1252: 766:

over to the 26 year old Trần Huy Liệu, who found it heavy to carry, and the Sword of the State was handed over to Cù Huy Cận.

685: 4202: 4899: 4782: 3617: 3607: 2678: 1489:. Mộng Điệp ordered her servants to have the blade repaired and then sharpened to obfuscate where it was originally broken. 916:

Muốn đạt mục-đích ấy, Trẫm đã tuyên bồ sẵn-sàng hy-sinh hết thảy, và muốn rằng sự hy-sinh của Trẫm phải lợi ích cho Tổ-quốc.

778:

Emperor Bảo Đại also assigned other imperial objects to be transferred to Trần Huy Liệu and the other delegates such as jade

1389: 735:

to representatives of the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in ceremony. In this ceremony he handed over the

159: 4679: 4648: 4570: 3857: 3694: 2192:(The seal and sword at the abdication ceremony of Sovereign Bảo Đại - Part 1) noted that these soldiers couldn't have been 1825: 1773:

handed the imperial seal back to his father, Bảo Đại. Since that time, there has been no word as to the whereabouts of the

603:

Following the telegram the Việt Minh sent a delegation to Huế to receive the statement of abdication from Emperor Bảo Đại.

4123: 927:

thoái-vị nhường quyền điều-khiển quốc-dân cho Chính-phủ Dân-Chủ Cộng-Hòa. .Sau khi thoái-vị, Trẫm chỉ mong ước có 3 điều:

4904: 4214: 3612: 2803: 2500:"Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? Mùa thu năm trước Bảo tàng Lịch sử Việt Nam mang chuông sang gióng ở thủ đô Pháp" 1860:

In his article Phạm Cao Phong noted how just before the abdication both Bảo Đại and those around him were unaware of the

1206:

The ceremonial items after the reading of the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi

4249: 3867: 2928: 1544:(You forgot about dogs), which made Hồ Chí Minh laugh. President Hồ Chí Minh hoped that he could make Bảo Đại into the " 747:") to the Communist government. The passing of the ceremonial seal and sword had been seen as symbolically "passing the 4653: 4182: 3402: 2193: 1408: 4432: 771: 4894: 4879: 4638: 3528: 2600: 2223:"hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life and professions attended the ceremony at the Meridian Gate" ( 1143:

With respect to the sacrifices made by those heroes, those thousands of unnamed soldiers, for them I shall abdicate.

4669: 2974: 1352:

Later Brian Michael Jenkins noted that regarding the Mandate of Heaven being transferred through the passing of the

594:(Comment on the three roles of Bảo Đại: Sovereign, Supreme Advisor, and Chief of State - Part 4) - DCVOnline.net by 4229: 4209: 3837: 3810: 3805: 3649: 2927:(Tác giả là một luật gia, học giả và nhà bất đồng chính kiến, cựu tù nhân chính trị Việt Nam). (3 September 2020). 2742:(Tác giả là một luật gia, học giả và nhà bất đồng chính kiến, cựu tù nhân chính trị Việt Nam). (2 September 2020). 2511: 2507: 2123: 1841: 1722: 1700: 1639: 510: 455:"After a while, the director of the Huế Post Office asked to meet me. He gave me a telegram that was received from 239: 1692:). The position was supposed to only be temporary until Vietnam would have an elected constitutional parliament. 4449: 3915: 3440: 3232: 3030: 2173: 1271:

because it was "Heaven's will" as only the government with the Mandate of Heaven was the legitimate ruler of the

4550: 4377: 4053: 4048: 1495:Ờ! Đúng rồi... Ngày xưa những thứ nầy ra đi nó cứu mạng anh. Bây giờ tự nhiên nó lại về có lẽ mình sắp chết rồi! 3002: 755: 720:

During the ceremony Emperor Bảo Đại was dressed in his imperial costume (Hoàng bào) and wore a yellow turban.

693:

Around 50,000 people attended the ceremony held on 30 August 1945, the ceremony itself was held outside of the

4823: 1147:

sincere way to keep the spirit of the Chinese words written by Song Trẫm and the Hiếu written by Liệt Thánh.

4279: 4234: 4163: 3938: 3847: 3825: 2743: 2499: 1964:(鎮守將軍之印, "Seal of the guardian general.") seal, and noted that its most valuable "family heirloom seal", the 1316: 4643: 3058: 421:

on 12 August 1945 a Japanese general entered the city of Huế and asked to meet with the Minister of Justice

4439: 3820: 3450: 1279: 1105:, Dragon of Vietnam (Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam), Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản, 1990. Pages 186, 187, and 188. 992: 849: 389: 4520: 1753:

the government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam publicly buried the seal and the Sword of the State. The

4306: 4158: 4023: 3577: 3446: 838: 802: 400:

puppet state. In response to both French and Japanese oppression of the Vietnamese people as well as the

385: 292: 232: 45: 4818: 4311: 1497:). Due to the ongoing war he didn't dare return the items to Huế and they were later brought to France. 1486: 4700: 4407: 4397: 4269: 4219: 4153: 4118: 4103: 4083: 3815: 3632: 3572: 3193: 2023: 1540: 4515: 4264: 4128: 4113: 3080: 2010: 1238: 1223: 437:

to ask for an audience with the Emperor to ask for permission to deal with the Việt Minh's uprising.

4586: 4382: 4321: 3988: 3670: 3637: 2050: 1425: 1195:, Dragon of Vietnam (Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam), Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản, 1990. Pages 189 and 190. 553: 401: 4510: 4387: 4063: 4033: 1307:

himself was the son of a Confucian scholar who served Vietnam's emperor as a minor mandarin. So are

4884: 4760: 4754: 4742: 4482: 4392: 4068: 3898: 3582: 2865: 1604: 698: 377: 315: 199: 169: 125: 116: 97: 4336: 4038: 998:

I cannot help but pity when thinking of the heroes who have fought for over four hundred years to

4874: 4748: 4736: 4487: 4459: 4326: 4108: 4058: 4043: 3998: 3893: 855:

Although I think painfully about the work Liệt-Thánh gave birth to death for nearly 400 years to

694: 4148: 4143: 4088: 4853: 4357: 4316: 4244: 4133: 4018: 3552: 2167: 2054: 1810: 1482: 426: 358:

where he was still officially considered to be the Emperor, this territory existed until 1955.

296: 106: 4372: 3872: 3476: 2133: 1946: 4362: 3980: 2842: 2644: 2092: 1913: 1383: 1251:

in March 1972 entitled "Why the North Vietnamese will keep fighting" that distributed by the

1244: 1043: 706: 4833: 4008: 1765:. However, Bảo Đại ordered her to bring the regalia to France, where she gave it to Empress 1587:

Bảo Đại claimed that he was instructed to stay in China while wanting to board a plane from

677:. Phạm Khắc Hòe would organise the handover ceremony that was to be held on 30 August 1945. 4591: 4284: 4254: 3930: 4838: 3777: 2924: 2739: 2181: 1802: 1715: 1510: 930:- Đối với Tôn-Miếu và Lăng-Tẩm của Liệt-Thánh Chính-phủ mới nên giữ-gìn cho có trọng thể. 520:

Un comité de patriotes représentant tous les partis et toutes les couches de la population

8: 4889: 4803: 4674: 4331: 4259: 4224: 4093: 3948: 3842: 3759: 3627: 3370: 3219: 3171: 3163: 2197: 2098: 1830:

L’Envol du Dragon – Art royal du Vietnam' tức 'Thăng Long – Nghệ thuật Hoàng gia Việt Nam

1750: 1696: 1661: 1635: 1631: 1457: 1282:

believes this as many were the children of Nguyễn dynasty mandarins and were raised in a

1078:— Thứ nhất: Trẫm yêu cầu tân chính phủ phải giữ gìn lăng tẩm và miếu mạo của hoàng gia. 355: 264: 189: 4367: 4138: 3993: 3085:Ảnh Xưa - Góc nhìn lịch sử qua ảnh (Old Photo - A historical perspective through photos) 556:

or Phạm Khắc Hòe. The latter drew a comparison with this situation and the fate of King

4613: 4402: 4294: 4078: 4073: 4003: 3425: 2873: 1986: 1150: 1029: 890: 434: 272: 79: 54: 4608: 4098: 3783: 3735: 3597: 3300: 2058: 1653: 1524: 1419: 1215: 1192: 1102: 405: 346:, Japan, etc) they attempted to re-install Bảo Đại back on the throne and created the 331:) and would become an advisor to the new Democratic Republic of Vietnam government in 280: 4444: 4341: 4197: 3920: 3723: 3602: 3535: 3456: 3369:(Việt Nam Máu Lửa). Publisher: Mai Lĩnh Publishing House. Published : 1954. (in 3287: 3253: 2948: 2763: 2616: 1798: 1615: 1272: 1264: 975: 748: 636: 542: 393: 367: 324: 284: 179: 4013: 3729: 2220: 2022:(國王之印, "Seal of the King of the nation") which was created during the reign of Lord 1660:. It has the inscription "Quốc-gia Việt-Nam - Đức Bảo Đại - Quốc-trưởng" written in 1523:

on 2 March 1946, supreme advisor Vĩnh Thụy is located immediately next to President

1016:- First: I request the new government to preserve imperial mausoleums and temples. 759: 647: 4777: 4505: 4168: 3910: 3587: 3562: 3513: 3379:"The Fall of a Royal Throne: The August Revolution in Vietnam and the Last Emperor" 3346: 3283: 3248: 2932: 2846: 2747: 2185: 2015: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1917:

Phạm Cao Phong also criticised the lack of an appraisal record to confirm that the

1873: 1681: 1657: 1649: 1627: 1552: 1248: 441:

the Việt Minh sent a telegram demanding the abdication of Bảo Đại from his throne,

381: 347: 75: 3747: 1435: 1426:

Return of the seal and sword to Bảo Đại and ceremony held in Hanoi on 8 March 1953

1320: 1003: 860: 4630: 4299: 4289: 3765: 3518: 3350: 1766: 1707: 1324: 874: 870:- For the new government to keep Tôn-Miếu and Lăng-Tẩm of Liệt-Thánh dignified. 613:

Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng - Phần 4

592:

Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng - Phần 4

552:

It is not known who convinced Emperor Bảo Đại to abdicate, as it might have been

534: 527: 397: 300: 4843: 4565: 3741: 2645:

Phan Thanh Hải (Giám đốc Trung tâm Bảo tồn di tích cố đô Huế) (30 August 2015).

1718:, rather than attending to his responsibilities as the head of the government. 3832: 3127:"Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng (p1)" 2336:"Nhận định về ba vai trò của Bảo Đại: Vua, Cố vấn tối cao, và Quốc trưởng (p4)" 2088: 1969:

well as the historical age and orthodox documents of the Nguyễn dynasty as the

1673: 1332: 1312: 710: 271:) took place on 25 August 1945 and marked the end of the 143-year reign of the 222: 4720: 4028: 3052: 3050: 3048: 2176:, Hanoi opened the exhibition "The August Revolution - Historical Milestone" ( 1110: 739:(皇帝之寶) seal weighing around 10 kilograms and the jade-encrusted silver sword ( 4868: 4848: 3717: 3642: 3189: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2268: 1545: 1520: 1474: 1396: 1377: 1308: 1260: 639:

within the Citadel of Huế. The next morning, when the representatives of the

531: 523: 411: 288: 88: 3271: 2168:

Misreporting on the transfer ceremony by the Vietnam Military History Museum

3592: 3523: 3045: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 1893:) and stated that he felt disappointed by the receivers of his abdication. 1813:(the mother of Emperor Bảo Đại) who likely handed it over to the concubine 1770: 1477:

so he couldn't receive the items, in reality he was in Vietnam in 1953. So

1283: 1007: 999: 877:

and to show that the new regime builds on the unity of the entire nation.

864: 856: 779: 546: 343: 4787: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2581: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 1862:

Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

1721:

Bảo Đại was ousted as the Chief of State of the State of Vietnam during a

1384:

Transfer of Nguyễn dynasty treasures to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

731:

As a part of his official abdication, Emperor Bảo Đại personally gave his

641:

Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

4540: 4454: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2599:. End of Empire - 100 Days in 1945 That Changed Asia and The World. (The 1665: 1462: 1336: 1304: 1287: 1268: 1239:

Transfer of the "Mandate of Heaven" to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

339: 3753: 3394: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2841: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2526: 1218:

The ceremonial items were brought the meeting room of its government in

1026:

my name, or imperial title, to sow divisions among our fellow citizens.

3167: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2869: 2818: 2350: 2142: 1998: 1949:, which was named as the most precious family heirloom seal by Emperor 1511:

Supreme advisor to the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

545:

for help but that none of them answered. A young tutor of Crown Prince

319: 3771: 3272:"Staging Democracy: South Vietnam's 1955 Referendum to Depose Bao Dai" 2200:

in Hanoi as opposed to Huế where the abdication ceremony took place.

2145:

which made the crowd laugh and got a chuckle out of Emperor Bảo Đại.

2044: 3852: 3800: 3177: 3028: 2891: 2692: 2493: 2071: 2038: 1960:

seal was one the two seals of the Nguyễn that was lost alongside the

1899: 1711: 1568: 1323:, Hanoi's chief negotiator in Paris, the sons of Confucian scholars. 1295: 1291: 557: 538: 408: 307: 2961: 1887:

Một người gầy gò trông rất thảm hại, đeo kính đen để giấu cặp mắt lé

1855: 717:), the reception of the ambassador of neighbouring countries, Etc. 4684: 3711: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2503: 1950: 1579:

in a trip together with a number of Communist officers such as ms.

1564: 1097:

Khâm thử. Bảo Đại. Huế, điện Kiến Trung ngày 25 tháng 8 năm 1945."

728:

claimed in his memoirs that the crowd was cheering in excitement.

311: 1889:). Furthermore, he described Cù Huy Cận as looking" too trivial" ( 1212:

Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

1153:

of Independence - Ten thousand years to the Democratic Republic.

770:

improvised and pulled out a red badge with a yellow star that the

287:. A ceremony was held handing power over to the newly established 3681:

Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

3469: 1848:(Did Bảo Đại give a fake sword to the "revolution"?), its author 1588: 1572: 1039: 732: 714: 668:

On the afternoon of 27 August and the morning of 28 August 1945,

276: 2629: 1925:

Phạm Cao Phong claimed that the more convincing evidence of the

1505: 1263:

did not it. So Jenkins argued that the North Vietnamese and the

751:

over to the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam".

4427: 3141: 2668: 2666: 2664: 1762: 1592: 1088:

hoàng gia để gieo rắc sự chia rẽ trong đồng bào của chúng ta.

848:

Now seeing the high-rise of the democratic expectations in the

430: 373: 65: 2679:

BẢO TÀNG LỊCH SỬ QUỐC GIA (VIETNAM NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY)

2239:

can also be translated as "imperial clan" or "inperial tribe".

3541:

Nguyễn dynasty's persecution of Catholics in the 19th century

2597:"Bao Dai's abdication and the failure of an imperial project" 2495: 1576: 1532: 1404: 1219: 896:

Ten thousand years to the Democratic Republic (of Vietnam)!

456: 372:

While in 1945 Vietnam briefly regained its independence from

332: 3225: 2661: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 1111:

Edict directed at the imperial family of the Nguyễn dynasty

1035:

Ten thousand years to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam,

3383:

Essays on Vietnam and Thailand during the Second World War

2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 959: 3024: 3022: 3020: 2929:"Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại (Kỳ 2)" 2744:"Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại (Kỳ 1)" 2554: 1621: 3218:. Gretna, LA: Đường Việt Hải ngoại, 2003. Page: 99. (in 3099: 2118:(Did Bảo Đại give a fake sword to the "revolution"?) by 1335:

who led demonstrations against the French shortly after

883:

Particularly, for the past 20 years of the jade throne (

505:(Did Bảo Đại give a fake sword to the "revolution"?) by 429:

cabinet. He informed the minister that he had come from

4829:

Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking

3339:] (in Vietnamese). Nguyễn Phước Tộc Xuất Bản. 1990. 3029:

TTXT du lịch Huế (Huế Tourism Centre) (23 April 2016).

2296: 2286:"Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam: Chặng đường 80 năm vẻ vang" 2190:

Kỳ án ấn và kiếm tại lễ thoái vị của vua Bảo Đại - Kỳ 1

1614:

On 15 September 1946 he decided to leave Chongqing for

1184:

Việt Nam Độc lập Muôn năm - Dân chủ Cộng hòa Muôn năm.

813: 3911:

Names of the Nguyễn dynasty state (Việt Nam / Đại Nam)

3385:. Waseda University Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies. 3017: 1978:

seal is now in the hands of the Communist government.

1481:

arranged to give the ceremonial items to Mộng Điệp in

350:

with him as its "Chief of State" or "Chancellor" (國長,

338:

After the French returned following the defeat of the

36:

Abdication statement of Bảo Đại, signed 25 August 1945

3056: 2087:"Every year on the 20th day of the 12th month of the 1447:

announced that while digging soil to build a post in

1999:

Identity of the seal transferred during the ceremony

1780: 1728: 991:

Showing the accelerating democratic momentum in the

3381:. In Shiraishi, Masaya; Lockhart, Bruce M. (eds.). 3237:. WGBH Media Library and Archives. 31 January 1979. 2672: 2132:by Emperor Gia Long which is now on display at the 2045:

Status of the sword transferred during the ceremony

1934:(大越國阮主永鎮之寶, "Seal of the eternal government of the 786:exhausted while trying to show them to the people. 3252: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2014:(Hồi ký Nguyễn Hữu Đang) the seal was in fact the 1953:when he founded the Nguyễn dynasty back in 1802. 1900:Status of the seal transferred during the ceremony 801:, later became prominent military officers in the 3359:Bao Daï ou les derniers jours de l'empire d'Annam 3000: 1856:Perception of the Việt Minh by the Nguyễn dynasty 1797:, but its hilt is decorated with the image of an 1749:Following the French counteroffensive during the 1233:Thanh kiếm này là để chặt đầu những tên phản quốc 762:. During the ceremony Emperor Bảo Đại handed the 4866: 705:), the awarding of doctorates to high achieving 459:. The telegram contained the following message: 3208: 3186:"Hoàng đế mãn triều và "Hoàng triều Cương thổ"" 2776: 2102:rather than in Chinese characters as before." 1942:") originally created on 6 December 1709 under 1793:blade is straight, it is designed as a typical 808: 466:go. But who is the recipient of my departure? 354:), the French also oversaw the creation of the 4814:Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth 3183: 3124: 2333: 1555:many nationalist political groups such as the 1267:believed that they would be victorious in the 4597:Confucian court examination system in Vietnam 3410: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2851:"WHY THE NORTH VIETNAMESE WILL KEEP FIGHTING" 2284:Việt Nam, Hội Khuyến học (17 November 2011). 1664:and "保大國長" (top-to-bottom, right-to-left) in 1506:Role of Bảo Đại in future Vietnamese politics 1390:Seals of the Nguyễn dynasty § After 1945 240: 3356: 3147: 3073: 2953:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2768:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2621:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3153: 1368:Why the North Vietnamese will keep fighting 1345:Why the North Vietnamese will keep fighting 3838:House of People's Representatives of Annam 3417: 3403: 2989: 2272:Vietnam: State, War, Revolution, 1945–1946 1311:, North Vietnam's prime minister, General 834:Independence for the country of Vietnam. 247: 233: 27:1945 renunciation of the throne of Vietnam 4604:Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted 3424: 3376: 3318:son was executed and Thanh was driven .." 3247: 1910:François Jean Antonin Gonzalez de Linares 1908:Accordint to the story of French General 1445:François Jean Antonin Gonzalez de Linarès 4809:Economy of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1884 3666:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina 2283: 1736: 1643: 1514: 1429: 1403:. As the capital city moved from Huế to 689:A photograph of the abdication ceremony. 684: 279:ending the Vietnamese monarchy. Emperor 31: 4609:Société d’Enseignement Mutuel du Tonkin 3331: 3269: 3061:(in Vietnamese). Báo điện tử Tiền Phong 3057:Thanh Tùng - Ngọc Văn (3 August 2015). 2977:(in Vietnamese). Báo điện tử Tiền Phong 2972: 2575: 2537: 14: 4867: 4561:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục 3001:VietNamNet Bridge (10 February 2016). 2858:National Technical Information Service 2673:Ths. Phạm Kim Thanh (30 August 2019). 2116:Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? 1992:Đại việt quốc Nguyễn Vĩnh Trấn chi bảo 1983:Đại việt quốc Nguyễn Vĩnh Trấn chi bảo 1976:Đại việt quốc Nguyễn Vĩnh Trấn chi bảo 1971:Đại việt quốc Nguyễn Vĩnh Trấn chi bảo 1966:Đại việt quốc Nguyễn Vĩnh Trấn chi bảo 1932:Đại việt quốc Nguyễn Vĩnh Trấn chi bảo 1846:Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? 1622:Chief of State of the State of Vietnam 1370:by Brian Michael Jenkins (March 1972). 1347:by Brian Michael Jenkins (March 1972). 1253:National Technical Information Service 1115:Along with the "official abdication" ( 831:Happiness for the Vietnamese people. 635:on the night of 22 August 1945 at the 622: 503:Bảo Đại trao kiếm giả cho 'cách mạng'? 4783:Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam 3618:Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League 3608:History of Vietnam during World War I 3398: 3170:: Văn Mới, 2006. Pages: 401-449. (in 2178:Cách mạng tháng Tám - Mốc son lịch sử 2003:Most accounts of the events name the 1567:pursuit of pleasure. When he went to 1094:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa muôn năm, 1054:"Vì hạnh phúc của dân tộc Việt Nam, 376:as the Bảo Đại Emperor rescinded the 2862:United States Department of Commerce 2801: 1826:Guimet National Museum of Asian Arts 1535:. Hồ Chí Minh gave him the title of 1329:Provisional Revolutionary Government 1257:United States Department of Commerce 1210:Following the public reading of the 396:, it had become nothing more than a 3270:Chapman, Jessica (September 2006). 3125:Nguyễn Văn Lục (30 November 2016). 2334:Nguyễn Văn Lục (27 December 2016). 1443:On 28 February 1952 French General 291:, which was established during the 269:Chiếu thoái vị của Hoàng Đế Bảo Đại 24: 4275:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845) 4240:Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–1834) 1828:in 2015 at an exhibition entitled 1769:in 1953. In 1982 the Crown Prince 1537:Conseiller suprême du gouvernement 1409:Vietnam National Museum of History 1407:these antiques were stored at the 1333:famous Vietnamese poet and scholar 1286:environment, rather than from the 25: 4916: 4337:Uprising of the Nghệ-Tĩnh soviets 4235:Anouvong's Rebellion against Siam 3529:Six Provinces of Southern Vietnam 3390: 3184:UÔNG THÁI BIỂU (9 October 2020). 2601:Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 1551:During the Chinese occupation of 4571:Woodblocks of the Nguyễn Dynasty 4210:Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia 3811:Court of Imperial Entertainments 3650:French Indochina in World War II 3482: 3475: 3468: 3288:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00573.x 2512:Government of the United Kingdom 2508:British Broadcasting Corporation 1835: 1809:handed these pieces over to the 1640:1955 State of Vietnam referendum 1561:Việt Nam Cách mệnh Đồng minh Hội 1290:which is why in his opinion the 1243:According to a paper written by 1032:to the independence of Vietnam, 295:as Vietnam had been occupied by 216: 64: 4771:Orders, decorations, and medals 4215:Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812) 4203:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh 3311: 3305:Sources of Vietnamese Tradition 3294: 3263: 3241: 3161:Người Thượng Miền Nam Việt Nam. 2494:Phạm Cao Phong (Gửi cho BBC từ 2242: 2230: 2174:Vietnam Military History Museum 1695:In 1950 Bảo Đại was given the " 4421:Special administrative regions 3129:(in Vietnamese). DCVOnline.net 2806:(in Vietnamese). VietnamNet.vn 2338:(in Vietnamese). DCVOnline.net 2277: 2262: 2213: 1521:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1397:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1057:Vì nền độc lập của Việt Nam, 473:as well as imperial treasurer 289:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 117:Treaty of Huế (25 August 1883) 13: 1: 4280:Bombardment of Tourane (1847) 3848:Imperial Household Department 3826:Office of the National Altars 3546:Tự Đức's Catholic persecution 3447:French protectorates of Annam 3357:Grandclément, Daniel (1997). 3234:Interview with Ngô Đình Luyến 2255: 1956:Phạm Cao Phong noted how the 1686:Quốc trưởng Quốc gia Việt Nam 1519:The National assembly of the 1298:than the South Vietnamese. 893:of Vietnamese independence! 361: 283:abdicated in response to the 98:Treaty of Huế (14 April 1863) 18:Abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại 4900:Political history of Vietnam 4351:Prominent military personnel 4307:Ba Dinh uprising / Cần Vương 3821:Court of Imperial Sacrifices 2096:inventories are reworked in 1867:Briefly before the ceremony 1824:sword was on display at the 1500: 1331:, is the granddaughter of a 1327:, the chief delegate of the 1200: 981:For Vietnam's independence, 809:Abdication document / Speech 7: 4433:Principality of Thuận Thành 3916:Seals of the Nguyễn dynasty 3255:Vietnam: A Dragon Embattled 2973:Dân Trí (7 December 2015). 2154:Memoires of Nguyễn Hữu Đang 1469:According to the concubine 1401:declaration of independence 1091:Việt Nam độc lập muôn năm, 946:Dân-Chủ Cộng-Hoà muôn năm! 943:Việt-Nam Độc-Lập muôn năm! 910:Hạnh-Phúc của dân Việt-Nam 680: 293:end of World War II in Asia 182:(31 January – 2 March 1968) 126:Treaty of Huế (6 June 1884) 10: 4921: 4905:August 1945 events in Asia 4701:French Indochinese piastre 4270:Cambodian rebellion (1840) 4220:Cambodian rebellion (1820) 3816:Court of the Imperial Stud 3633:Communist Party of Vietnam 3573:French conquest of Vietnam 3464: 3377:Shiraishi, Masaya (2018). 3343:Le dragon d'Annam, Bao Dai 3337:Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam 3333:Bảo Đại, Con Rồng Việt Nam 3325: 3194:Communist Party of Vietnam 3033:(in Vietnamese). Vamvo.com 2649:(in Vietnamese). VNExpress 2538:Tú Châu (17 August 2020). 1962:Trấn thủ tướng quân chi ấn 1625: 1387: 974:"For the happiness of the 962:Bảo Đại, Dragon of Vietnam 913:Độc-Lập của nước Việt-Nam 365: 4796: 4770: 4729: 4713: 4693: 4662: 4629: 4622: 4579: 4533: 4498: 4475: 4468: 4420: 4350: 4190: 4181: 3978: 3957: 3931:Provincial administration 3929: 3881: 3794:Ministries & agencies 3793: 3702: 3693: 3671:Vietnamese famine of 1945 3658: 3561: 3498: 3491: 3433: 3367:Vietnam: Blood & Fire 3216:Trăm núi ngàn sông: Tập I 2860:(NTIS), an agency of the 2137:have been a fake sword. 1723:rigged referendum in 1955 1548:of Vietnam" but failed. 1280:Workers' Party of Vietnam 782:outside of the ceremony. 675:Palace of Heavenly Purity 402:Ất Dậu (Wood Cock) famine 4895:Politics of World War II 4880:1945 in French Indochina 4469:Palaces & mausoleums 4250:Nông Văn Vân's Rebellion 4230:Phan Bá Vành's Rebellion 3806:Court of Judicial Review 3583:Great Hanoi Rat Massacre 2206: 2033:Meanwhile the concubine 803:People's Army of Vietnam 202:(5 March – 2 April 1975) 4824:Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi 4556:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí 4440:Principality of Hà Tiên 3999:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau 3613:Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội 3361:(in French). JC Lattès. 3005:. VietNam Breaking News 2194:Nguyễn dynasty soldiers 1811:Empress Dowager Từ Cung 1214:on 2 September 1945 by 816:Vietnam: Blood and Fire 697:, the main gate to the 4854:Vietnamese nationalism 4546:Đại Nam nhất thống chí 4317:Pacification of Tonkin 4245:Nduai Kabait rebellion 3623:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng 3563:French protectorate(s) 2498:) (4 September 2015). 2112: 1840:In a 4 September 2015 1746: 1669: 1557:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng 1528: 1440: 1418:commented to Chairman 1364: 1341: 1189: 1099: 951: 690: 583: 498: 268: 160:Huế Phật Đản shootings 37: 4587:Imperial Academy, Huế 4534:Society & culture 3958:French administration 3863:Ministry of Education 3676:Abdication of Bảo Đại 3259:. Praeger Publishers. 3087:(in Vietnamese). 2020 2843:Brian Michael Jenkins 2080: 1914:psychological warfare 1740: 1690:Hoàng đế, Quốc trưởng 1647: 1518: 1433: 1388:Further information: 1360: 1301: 1245:Brian Michael Jenkins 1181:Hiếu với Liệt Thánh. 1122: 967: 875:national construction 821: 688: 566: 518:The telegram sent by 501:- Bảo Đại quote from 448: 261:abdication of Bảo Đại 135:Abdication of Bảo Đại 35: 4819:House of Nguyễn Phúc 4592:Imperial examination 4483:Imperial City of Huế 4327:Vue Pa Chay's revolt 4322:Thái Nguyên uprising 4312:Yên Thế Insurrection 4285:Cochinchina campaign 2106:Original Vietnamese: 2083:English translation: 1559:(Việt Quốc) and the 1160:Original Vietnamese: 1125:English translation: 1050:Original Vietnamese: 993:North of our country 970:English translation: 949:Khâm Thử: BẢO ĐẠI." 903:Original Vietnamese: 824:English translation: 629:Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Cẩn 577:Original Vietnamese: 569:English translation: 547:Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Long 482:Original Vietnamese: 471:Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Cẩn 451:English translation: 382:French protectorates 316:Imperial City of Huế 200:Hue–Da Nang Campaign 170:Huế chemical attacks 4804:Domain of the Crown 4694:Colonial currencies 4649:Khải Định Thông Bảo 4506:Thien Tho Mausoleum 4260:Ja Thak Wa uprising 4255:Katip Sumat's Jihad 4225:Ja Lidong rebellion 3843:Imperial Clan Court 3628:Le Travail movement 3499:Sovereign Việt Nam 2162:Vàng gỉ là vàng giả 2134:Hôtel des Invalides 1751:First Indochina War 1741:The imprint of the 1697:Domain of the Crown 1636:First Indochina War 1632:Domain of the Crown 1261:Republic of Vietnam 1255:, an agency of the 1187:Khâm thử: Bảo Đại" 1046:, 25 August 1945" 850:north of the nation 623:Official abdication 356:Domain of the Crown 4614:Tonkin Free School 4450:Thủy Xá and Hỏa Xá 4295:Garnier Expedition 4265:Lê Văn Khôi revolt 4024:Michael Hồ Đình Hy 4004:Jean Marie Despiau 3276:Diplomatic History 3150:, p. 225-226. 2578:, p. 186—188. 2039:dragon-shaped knob 1987:history of Vietnam 1938:of the kingdom of 1747: 1670: 1585:Le Dragon d' Annam 1529: 1441: 1151:Ten thousand years 1030:Ten thousand years 899:Edict: BẢO ĐẠI." 891:Ten thousand years 857:expand the country 745:Sword of the State 691: 588:Le Dragon d' Annam 469:I asked my cousin 404:caused by the war 329:công dân Vĩnh Thụy 223:Vietnam portal 192:(28 February 1968) 107:Battle of Thuận An 38: 4862: 4861: 4709: 4708: 4654:Bảo Đại Thông Bảo 4529: 4528: 4445:Sip Song Chau Tai 4416: 4415: 4408:Trương Minh Giảng 4398:Nguyễn Tri Phương 4342:August Revolution 4177: 4176: 4154:Trương Minh Giảng 4104:Nguyễn Tri Phương 3921:Vietnamese dragon 3689: 3688: 3603:Hanoi Poison Plot 3553:Văn Thân movement 3536:Citadel of Saigon 3457:Empire of Vietnam 3249:Buttinger, Joseph 3214:Anh Thái Phượng. 3188:(in Vietnamese). 3148:Grandclément 1997 2931:(in Vietnamese). 2872:). Archived from 2746:(in Vietnamese). 2677:(in Vietnamese). 2502:(in Vietnamese). 2055:Tây Sơn Rebellion 2024:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát 2020:Quốc Vương chi ấn 1844:article entitled 1699:" which included 1678:Giải pháp Bảo Đại 1454:Élysée Agreements 1294:often acted more 1273:Vietnamese people 1156:Edict: Bảo Đại" 1044:Kiến Trung Palace 976:Vietnamese people 885:Ngai vàng Bệ-ngọc 828:"Projection for: 756:Nguyễn Lương Bằng 749:Mandate of Heaven 637:Kiến Trung palace 586:- S.M. Bao Daï - 543:Charles de Gaulle 394:Empire of Vietnam 368:August Revolution 325:Mandate of Heaven 285:August Revolution 257: 256: 208: 207: 143: 142: 16:(Redirected from 4912: 4639:Tự Đức Thông Bảo 4627: 4626: 4551:Đại Nam thực lục 4473: 4472: 4383:Nguyễn Văn Thành 4378:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức 4191:Battles and wars 4188: 4187: 4169:Philippe Vannier 4164:Nguyễn Văn Tường 4054:Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức 4049:Nguyễn Trường Tộ 3989:Bạch Xuân Nguyên 3965:Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ 3904:Provincial flags 3700: 3699: 3588:Hanoi Exhibition 3566:(Pháp thuộc, 法屬) 3496: 3495: 3486: 3479: 3472: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3396: 3395: 3386: 3362: 3341:Translated from 3340: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3229: 3223: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3181: 3175: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3122: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3054: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3026: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2998: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2970: 2959: 2958: 2952: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2935:(VOA) Tiếng Việt 2933:Voice of America 2920: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2879:on 10 April 2021 2878: 2855: 2849:) (March 1972). 2847:RAND Corporation 2839: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2799: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2750:(VOA) Tiếng Việt 2748:Voice of America 2735: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2670: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2642: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2592: 2579: 2573: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2535: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2491: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2331: 2294: 2293: 2281: 2275: 2266: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2217: 2186:Voice of America 2127: 2051:Nguyễn Văn Thành 2005:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1958:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1927:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1919:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1775:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1759:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1755:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1743:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1731:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1682:State of Vietnam 1658:State of Vietnam 1656:as the Chief of 1628:State of Vietnam 1553:Northern Vietnam 1493:about to die!" ( 1371: 1354:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 1348: 1317:defense minister 1249:RAND Corporation 1196: 1106: 1038:Edict. Bảo Đại. 1000:expand the realm 955: 799:Nguyễn Thế Lương 764:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 743:, known as the " 737:Hoàng Đế chi bảo 599: 554:Huỳnh Thúc Kháng 514: 378:Patenôtre Treaty 348:State of Vietnam 249: 242: 235: 221: 220: 219: 156: 155: 137:(25 August 1945) 109:(20 August 1883) 85: 84: 68: 58: 40: 39: 21: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4885:1945 in Vietnam 4865: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4792: 4766: 4725: 4705: 4689: 4658: 4618: 4575: 4525: 4511:Khiêm Mausoleum 4494: 4464: 4412: 4393:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn 4373:Nguyễn Cư Trinh 4346: 4300:Sino-French War 4290:Tonkin campaign 4173: 4129:Tôn Thất Thuyết 4114:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ 4099:Phan Thanh Liêm 4094:Phan Thanh Giản 4089:Phan Đình Phùng 4069:Nguyễn Văn Nhơn 3974: 3970:Thống sứ Bắc Kỳ 3953: 3925: 3877: 3789: 3685: 3659:Japanese period 3654: 3565: 3557: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3441:Sovereign state 3429: 3423: 3393: 3365:Nghiêm Kế Tổ - 3328: 3323: 3322: 3316: 3312: 3301:Phan Châu Trinh 3299: 3295: 3268: 3264: 3246: 3242: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3182: 3178: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3123: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3055: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3027: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2999: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2971: 2962: 2946: 2945: 2938: 2936: 2921: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2853: 2840: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2800: 2777: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2751: 2736: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2671: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2643: 2630: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2604: 2593: 2582: 2574: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2536: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2492: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2332: 2297: 2282: 2278: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2170: 2129: 2114: 2059:Phan Châu Trinh 2047: 2011:Nguyễn Hữu Đang 2001: 1947:Nguyễn Phúc Chu 1902: 1858: 1838: 1822:An dân bảo kiếm 1799:imperial dragon 1791:An dân bảo kiếm 1787: 1783:An dân bảo kiếm 1735: 1701:ethnic minority 1642: 1626:Main articles: 1624: 1609:Bùi Tường Chiểu 1605:Đinh Xuân Quảng 1513: 1508: 1503: 1428: 1392: 1386: 1373: 1366: 1350: 1343: 1325:Nguyen Thi Binh 1296:Traditionalists 1241: 1224:Nguyễn Hữu Đang 1208: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1113: 1108: 1101: 965: 957: 953: 839:ancestral lands 819: 811: 741:An dân bảo kiếm 683: 625: 611:in his article 601: 585: 535:Chiang Kai-Shek 528:Harry S. 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2229: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2198:Ba Đình Square 2169: 2166: 2120:Phạm Cao Phong 2089:lunar calendar 2079: 2046: 2043: 2030:around 5 kg. 2000: 1997: 1940:Great(er) Viêt 1901: 1898: 1857: 1854: 1850:Phạm Cao Phong 1837: 1834: 1786: 1779: 1734: 1727: 1674:Vincent Auriol 1623: 1620: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1458:Ba Đình Square 1427: 1424: 1399:following its 1385: 1382: 1359: 1313:Vo Nguyen Giap 1300: 1240: 1237: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1121: 1117:Chiếu thoái vị 1112: 1109: 966: 964: 958: 820: 818: 812: 810: 807: 772:Thừa Thiên Huế 715:Tết Nguyên Đán 711:Lunar New Year 682: 679: 624: 621: 596:Nguyễn Văn Lục 590:, page 119. - 565: 541:, and General 507:Phạm Cao Phong 447: 427:Trần Trọng Kim 366:Main article: 363: 360: 318:demanding the 303:imperialists. 273:Nguyễn dynasty 255: 254: 252: 251: 244: 237: 229: 226: 225: 212: 211: 206: 205: 203: 196: 195: 193: 186: 185: 183: 176: 175: 173: 166: 165: 163: 154: 151: 150: 147: 146: 141: 140: 138: 131: 130: 128: 122: 121: 119: 113: 112: 110: 103: 102: 100: 94: 93: 91: 83: 80:Nguyễn dynasty 74: 73: 70: 69: 61: 60: 51: 50: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4917: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4839:Vĩnh Tế Canal 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4521:Ứng Mausoleum 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4488:Meridian Gate 4486: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4403:Phan Văn Thúy 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4358:Hoàng Kế Viêm 4356: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4124:Tôn Thất Đính 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4074:Phan Văn Thúy 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4044:Ngô Đình Khôi 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4034:Ngô Đình Diệm 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4019:Hoàng Kế Viêm 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894:Đăng đàn cung 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3257: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3236: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3159:Lê Đình Chi. 3156: 3149: 3144: 3128: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3060: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3032: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3004: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2976: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2956: 2950: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2923:Tiến sĩ Luật 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2805: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2771: 2765: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2738:Tiến sĩ Luật 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2648: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2624: 2618: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2577: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2541: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2337: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2273: 2270: 2269:David G. Marr 2265: 2261: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2226: 2222: 2219:According to 2216: 2212: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2157: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2006: 1996: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1869:Phạm Khắc Hoè 1865: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1836:Controversies 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1739: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1716:Buôn Ma Thuột 1713: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1668:. (1949–1954) 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601:Phạm Văn Bính 1598: 1597:Lưu Đức Trung 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1546:Souphanouvong 1542: 1541:Phạm Văn Đồng 1538: 1534: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1483:Buôn Mê Thuột 1480: 1479:Lê Thanh Cảnh 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1438: 1437: 1436:Procès-verbal 1432: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1391: 1381: 1379: 1378:United States 1372: 1369: 1363: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309:Pham Van Dong 1306: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1229: 1228:Trần Lê Nghĩa 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1197: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1120: 1118: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 994: 989: 985: 982: 979: 977: 972: 971: 963: 960:According to 956: 950: 947: 944: 941: 937: 934: 931: 928: 924: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 907:"Chiếu rằng: 905: 904: 900: 897: 894: 892: 888: 886: 881: 878: 876: 871: 868: 866: 862: 858: 853: 851: 846: 842: 840: 835: 832: 829: 826: 825: 817: 814:According to 806: 804: 800: 796: 795:Đặng Văn Việt 791: 787: 783: 781: 776: 773: 767: 765: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 727: 726:Trần Huy Liệu 721: 718: 716: 713:celebration ( 712: 708: 704: 700: 699:Imperial City 696: 695:Meridian Gate 687: 678: 676: 671: 670:Phạm Khắc Hòe 666: 662: 659: 658: 652: 649: 645: 644:Trần Huy Liệu 642: 638: 634: 633:Phạm Khắc Hoè 630: 620: 616: 614: 610: 609:DCVOnline.net 604: 600: 597: 593: 589: 582: 579: 578: 574: 571: 570: 564: 561: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 533: 532:Generalissimo 529: 525: 521: 515: 512: 508: 504: 497: 493: 490: 487: 484: 483: 479: 476: 475:Phạm Khắc Hòe 472: 467: 463: 460: 458: 453: 452: 446: 444: 443:Phạm Khắc Hoè 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419:Nguyễn Kỳ Nam 417:According to 415: 413: 410: 407: 406:Hồ Chí Minh's 403: 399: 395: 392:creating the 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 369: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 323:"passing the 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 250: 245: 243: 238: 236: 231: 230: 228: 227: 224: 214: 213: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 191: 188: 187: 184: 181: 180:Battle of Huế 178: 177: 174: 172:(3 June 1963) 171: 168: 167: 164: 161: 158: 157: 149: 148: 139: 136: 133: 132: 129: 127: 124: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 101: 99: 96: 95: 92: 90: 87: 86: 81: 77: 72: 71: 67: 63: 62: 59: 53: 52: 47: 42: 41: 34: 30: 19: 4797:Other topics 4516:An Mausoleum 4363:Lê Văn Duyệt 4198:Tây Sơn wars 4144:Đặng Huy Trứ 4139:Trần Cao Vân 4039:Ngô Đình Khả 3994:Cao Xuân Dục 3889:Coat of arms 3853:Quốc Tử Giám 3833:Hàn lâm viện 3675: 3638:Phú Riềng Đỏ 3514:Nguyễn lords 3503:(Nhà Nguyễn 3382: 3366: 3358: 3349:, 1980. (in 3342: 3336: 3332: 3313: 3304: 3296: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3254: 3243: 3233: 3227: 3215: 3210: 3198:. Retrieved 3179: 3160: 3155: 3143: 3131:. Retrieved 3089:. Retrieved 3084: 3075: 3063:. Retrieved 3035:. Retrieved 3007:. Retrieved 2979:. Retrieved 2937:. Retrieved 2925:Cù Huy Hà Vũ 2881:. Retrieved 2874:the original 2866:Santa Monica 2808:. Retrieved 2752:. Retrieved 2740:Cù Huy Hà Vũ 2682:. Retrieved 2651:. Retrieved 2605:. Retrieved 2576:Bảo Đại 1990 2544:. Retrieved 2516:. Retrieved 2340:. Retrieved 2289: 2279: 2271: 2264: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2215: 2202: 2189: 2182:Cù Huy Hà Vũ 2177: 2172:In 2020 the 2171: 2161: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2139: 2130: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099:Chữ Quốc ngữ 2097: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2067: 2063: 2048: 2032: 2028: 2019: 2016:Nguyễn lords 2009:Memoires of 2008: 2004: 2002: 1991: 1982: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1936:Nguyễn Lords 1931: 1926: 1924: 1918: 1907: 1903: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:"his prey" ( 1879: 1866: 1859: 1845: 1839: 1829: 1821: 1819: 1807: 1795:French sword 1790: 1788: 1782: 1781:Fate of the 1774: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745:(皇帝之寶) seal. 1742: 1730: 1729:Fate of the 1720: 1705: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1671: 1662:Latin script 1613: 1584: 1581:Hà Phú Hương 1550: 1536: 1530: 1494: 1491: 1468: 1461: 1442: 1434: 1413: 1393: 1374: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1302: 1277: 1242: 1232: 1209: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1037: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 997: 990: 986: 983: 980: 973: 969: 968: 961: 952: 948: 945: 942: 938: 935: 932: 929: 925: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 902: 901: 898: 895: 889: 884: 882: 879: 872: 869: 854: 847: 843: 836: 833: 830: 827: 823: 822: 815: 792: 788: 784: 780:chess pieces 777: 768: 763: 753: 740: 736: 730: 722: 719: 702: 692: 667: 663: 655: 653: 626: 617: 612: 608: 605: 602: 591: 587: 584: 580: 576: 575: 572: 568: 567: 562: 551: 519: 517: 502: 499: 494: 491: 488: 485: 481: 480: 468: 464: 461: 454: 450: 449: 439: 416: 371: 351: 337: 328: 305: 260: 258: 162:(8 May 1963) 134: 76:Nguyễn lords 29: 4368:Lê Văn Khôi 4149:Trương Định 3873:Viện cơ mật 3786:(1925–1945) 3780:(1916–1925) 3774:(1907–1916) 3768:(1889–1907) 3762:(1885–1889) 3756:(1884–1885) 3750:(1883–1884) 3732:(1847–1883) 3726:(1841–1847) 3720:(1820–1841) 3714:(1802–1820) 3598:Duy Tân Hội 3453:(1883–1945) 3443:(1802–1883) 1666:seal script 1525:Hồ Chí Minh 1463:Paris Match 1420:Hồ Chí Minh 1337:World War I 1305:Ho Chi Minh 1288:Proletariat 1269:Vietnam War 1216:Hồ Chí Minh 1068:xâm lăng. 703:lễ lên ngôi 435:Cochinchina 380:ending the 352:Quốc trưởng 340:Axis powers 55:History of 4890:Abdication 4869:Categories 4631:Cash coins 4079:Phạm Quỳnh 4014:Hoàng Diệu 3979:Prominent 3766:Thành Thái 3760:Đồng Khánh 3695:Government 3519:Đàng Trong 3371:Vietnamese 3220:Vietnamese 3172:Vietnamese 3168:California 2870:California 2802:Đất Việt. 2256:References 2221:Cù Huy Cận 2143:microphone 2064:Gươm đồ tể 1891:tầm thường 1805:Emperor. 1767:Nam Phương 1565:hedonistic 1416:Nguyễn Lân 1292:Communists 760:Cù Huy Cận 657:dân vi qúi 648:Cù Huy Cận 526:President 362:Background 320:abdication 306:After the 299:and later 265:Vietnamese 152:After 1945 4849:Việt gian 4788:Kim Khánh 4721:Hương ước 4580:Education 4455:Trấn Ninh 3981:mandarins 3949:Tổng Trấn 3801:Censorate 3778:Khải Định 3748:Kiến Phúc 3724:Thiệu Trị 3718:Minh Mạng 3643:Việt Minh 3578:Cần Vương 3501:/ Đại Nam 2237:Hoàng Tộc 2093:mandarins 2072:oxidation 2035:Mộng Điệp 2026:in 1744. 1815:Mộng Điệp 1803:Khải Định 1712:Nha Trang 1616:Hong Kong 1569:Chongqing 1501:Aftermath 1471:Mộng Điệp 1456:, at the 1321:Xuan Thuy 1284:Confucian 1265:Việt Cộng 1226:asked of 1201:Symbolism 1004:Thuận Hóa 861:Thuận-Hóa 707:mandarins 558:Louis XVI 539:George VI 412:Việt Minh 409:Communist 308:Việt Minh 4844:Tôn Thất 4730:Treaties 4623:Currency 4566:Khăn vấn 4183:Military 3944:Tuần phủ 3754:Hàm Nghi 3742:Hiệp Hòa 3712:Gia Long 3704:Emperors 3524:Nam tiến 3434:Overview 3251:(1967). 3200:13 April 3190:Nhân Dân 2981:22 March 2949:cite web 2883:27 March 2810:24 March 2764:cite web 2617:cite web 2518:10 April 2504:BBC News 2188:article 1951:Gia Long 1874:Việt Bắc 1771:Bảo Long 1475:the West 1449:Nghĩa Đô 681:Ceremony 524:American 398:Japanese 312:telegram 301:Japanese 89:Phú Xuân 46:a series 44:Part of 4476:Palaces 4029:Lê Chất 3882:Symbols 3868:Nội các 3784:Bảo Đại 3772:Duy Tân 3736:Dục Đức 3593:Đông Du 3507:茹阮𥱯獨立) 3492:History 3326:Sources 3164:Gardena 3037:4 April 3009:8 March 2939:5 April 2754:5 April 2603:, NAIS) 2290:Dân trí 2184:in his 2152:In the 2018:period 1883:con mồi 1654:Bảo Đại 1589:Kunming 1573:Sichuan 1247:of the 1193:Bảo Đại 1103:Bảo Đại 1008:Hà Tiên 865:Hà-Tiên 733:regalia 537:, King 344:Germany 314:to the 310:sent a 281:Bảo Đại 277:Vietnam 4763:(1884) 4757:(1883) 4751:(1874) 4749:Saigon 4745:(1863) 4739:(1862) 4737:Saigon 4541:Áo dài 4428:Champa 3939:Đề Đốc 3858:Lục bộ 3744:(1883) 3738:(1883) 3730:Tự Đức 3459:(1945) 3451:Tonkin 3428:topics 3351:French 1777:seal. 1714:, and 1708:Đà Lạt 1638:, and 1607:, and 1593:Yunnan 1487:Darlac 1319:, and 1315:, its 758:, and 709:, the 431:Saigon 390:Tonkin 374:France 297:French 48:on the 4499:Tombs 3899:Flags 3335:[ 3133:8 May 3091:8 May 3065:7 May 2877:(PDF) 2854:(PDF) 2684:8 May 2653:7 May 2607:9 May 2546:8 May 2496:Paris 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Abdication of Bảo Đại

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