417:, Kashmir, eastern Bengal, and the Indonesian archipelago. After reviewing the book, states Eaton, "one feels the need to identify more precisely the mechanisms by which Muslim societies emerged from the fusion of these two geo-cultural worlds". Wink's suggestion that "threats, humiliation, destruction of temples" or "fusion" of nomadic-settled cultures, states Eaton, does not explain this. The Volume 3 may be judged by critics as 'sweeping geography-driven" scheme that does not give human agency the credit it deserves, states Eaton, yet it is innovative and provocative secondary work that is a "welcome relief from standard dynastic narratives" commonly published.
163:, states Wink's scope is "ambitious, even monumental", but volume 1 of "al-Hind is seriously flawed by its too narrow focus, its author's near total disregard of cultural actors, issues, and influences". Lawrence questions Wink's glossing over India's past political history to make his economic and trade theory related point that there was "no cohesive entity labelled India before Arabs coined the word al-Hind". His discussion of the economic impact of early Islamic expansion into India relies primarily on a region consisting of the
327:, while acknowledging that there is a dearth of corroborating sources from this period. These are the parts in Wink's book, critiques Jackson, where one finds misspelled and unrecognizable place names, and some minor factual errors, in the manner similar to Firishta's work. Jackson lists a series of such "irritating distractions" and "slips" as he calls them, then adds Wink's volume 2 is "otherwise splendid" and "much needed" scholarship to place Indian history in the global context and to understand the Indo-Islamic world.
196:
second millennium AD." Wink's Volume 1 is blind to cultural history of institutional Islam, where he reduces
Islamization to an "idiom of trade" in trans-Asian scale rather than the necessary broader view of its "religious or juridical or political significance". The book is a reprieve from small scale histories that characterizes South Asian historiography, but a better study would integrate insights of historians such as Derryl MacLean, remarks Lawrence.
233:. Jackson criticizes Wink's use of a few partially incorrect names, willingness to accept some discredited dates, and some sources such as Chachnama. Nevertheless, states Jackson, Wink's volume 1 overall is "an important and stimulating work which not only distils a considerable body of the most recent scholarship but breaks new ground in the originality of its ideas".
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301:. It is a "book full of ideas", states Jackson, where Wink demonstrates an "enviable command of the secondary literature on a wide range of topics". The "scholarship evident in the book commands admiration, even if one disagrees with aspects of his analysis", adds Jackson. He questions Wink's work on its inadequate discussion of the
208:. The chapter on non-Arab India provided "welcome glimmers of insight" and did "break some new ground" by challenging R.S. Sharma's thesis of feudalism. However, states MacLean, Wink's work exhibited signs of "hasty research and composition" affecting his larger conjectures and portrayed a reductive, unsubtle and "ahistorical
1372:
240:, in one of his essays, states Wink's volume 1 "tends to treat both Islam and Muslims in a largely monolithic and undifferentiated fashion and is strikingly reticent both on questions of ideology and on the social and economic competition and conflict between different groups operating in the Indian Ocean".
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states that he fails to detect any other central themes other than the primary importance of trade and admires Wink's "erudition and wide reading". However, the book was loaded with "far too many data on far too many subjects", and "often overtly verbose and superfluous", striving to fit a vast range
216:
musings" and "chaotic transliterations" some of which are "clearly misreadings". MacLean's more serious concern with Wink's volume 1 is the tendency therein to make Islam and
Hinduism more real than the abstraction they are. In Wink's approach, "Islam becomes a rubric for an economic complex", states
152:
and Indian vernacular texts". Wink examines the "political, economic and social" impact on the Indian subcontinent between seventh and eleventh centuries from the conquests and expansion of Islam. His central thesis on the economic impact of Islam dispelled many commonly held dogmas on demonetization
372:
states that it is a "survey of the 14th and 15th century Indian Ocean region through the lens of geography". It presents the Indo-Islamic developments over this period as a "fusion" of the nomadic central Asian culture with settled agrarian north Indian culture, thus creating post-nomadic empires of
330:
Gavin Hambly found it to be an authoritative work of "consummate scholarship and intellectual distinction" on the
Islamic spans of India; the parts on Delhi Sultanate were given "an entirely fresh perspective" and overall, the volume exhibited "deep learning, leisured pace, and sound judgment" doing
248:
Sunil Kumar, in his review of Wink's first volume, noted the author to "seldom extend beyond a 'cut and paste' methodology" where information was conveniently chosen and discarded from existing secondary scholarship to pursue his broader agenda. K.S. Shrimali reiterates like criticisms and found the
574:
to India. However, he thinks that some of Wink's approaches have limitations. Namely, Wink's overuse of dichotomies that downplay the flexibility of some categories like "mobile" and "settled". Furthermore, the broad scale of the book – covering over a millennium – and the rich detail Wink provides
224:
states Wink's volume 1 deals with India and entire Indian Ocean basin just like the Arabic-Persian term "Hind embraced a far wider area than the subcontinent". The book is based on a "highly impressive range of secondary literature" as well early literature published in the Middle East. Its central
424:
begins by stating that Wink's three volume project was a monumental task and skeptics had feared about how any scholar could hope to dominate this vast field covering a thousand-year span, given the uneven state of historiography and myriad sources. He then observes that the first two volumes have
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became the crucible for the processes of this fusion. In volume 2 of his series, states
Jackson, Wink publishes a dedicated study on the conquest of India by Islamic armies, the military differences between the invading and defending armies, the processes and history of conquest, raids, religious
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evidence shows that the Indian economy was already highly monetized before the Turkic conquests. There are other difficulties in the book, states Eaton, such as how the quotations and his sources are presented. Eaton criticizes Wink's "juxtaposing works composed hundreds of years apart from each
195:
are scarcely discussed in the book. The major blunder of Wink's volume 1, states
Lawrence, is to "reduce the entire process of Islamization to an expanding commercial network, with the result that Islam becomes merely the idiom for unifying the economy of the Indian Ocean at the beginning of the
433:
sources, penned centuries after the events as against contemporary sources; his choice of using old non-critical translations was criticized, as well. Overall, Subrahmanyam notes that the volume clearly demarcated the "thin line between boldness and intellectual courage on the one hand, and
337:
states, "like its predecessor, this volume is wide-ranging, extensively researched and highly schematic". He mentions Wink's central thesis on the establishment of the Delhi
Sultanate as a part of larger geo-cultural movement, that the attacks and wars during this period had a major role in
203:
in 1984, noted Wink's first volume focuses on the initial expansion of
Muslims into the East and their economic activities at the frontiers. Wink sketched Sind as an "economically and culturally marginal" territory dominated by rebellions, a view supported more to colonial historians than
153:
theory, and underlined the errors in "drawing parallels between contemporary Europe and India". She concludes that any book of such sweep was bound to have critics but the shortcomings were minor enough to render the study as remarkable and pivotal.
357:
other without contextualizing them". Setting aside such difficulties, Eaton states that Volume 2 provides important and provocative new interpretations, one that correctly sees "Indo-Islamic world as a world-historical process".
107:. He became a professor at the University of Wisconsin in 1989, from where he has contributed ever since to the field of history of India, Indonesia and countries near the Indian Ocean. He became a senior fellow in 2009.
849:"Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th—11th Centuries. By André Wink. 396 pages, maps, index, bibliography. E. J. Brill, Leiden1990. $ 94.50"
1179:"Book Reviews : ANDRE WINK, al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7-11th Centuries, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1990, Rs. 250"
1457:
Aquil, Raziuddin. "Review of Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. II, The Slave Kings and the
Islamic Conquest, 11th – 13th Centuries, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1997".
1373:"Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume 2. The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th–13th Centuries. By André Wink. Leiden: Brill, 1997. xii, 427 pp. $ 137.50 (cloth)"
212:" of a complex Indo-Islamic past. Maclean criticized his "the cavalier manner with unattributed quotes from primary sources", "numerous broad and unsupported statements", "quasi-
245:
of facts into a framework too small to hold them. Yet, it has its qualities too, offering new insights and data for further research to the few patient readers, states Sinor.
323:
failed in establishing themselves in India. Jackson questions the use by Wink, for some of his sections, the seventeenth-century compiled work of the sometimes dubious
225:
theme is how the formation of the
Caliphate and Islamic expansion interconnected with the "development of the India trade". Wink goes beyond the typical rhetoric of
122:
In 1986, Wink published a socioeconomic history of the
Marathas in eighteenth century. Reviews were largely favorable and his revionist approach was admired.
1140:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume I Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries, Andre Wink"
289:
advisors and of early Delhi Sultanate through 1290 CE. In latter parts of this work, Wink examines the Islamic rule's impact on maritime trade,
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338:
essentially ending Buddhism within India, and its shift to Tibet, Sri Lanka and southeast Asia. Wink's work, states Eaton, also argues how the
272:
In the review of volume 2, states Peter Jackson, Wink's "geographical scope is vast", just like in volume 1. It embraces not "merely India and
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makes the book "not easily accessible" to audiences who are not already knowledgeable about the subject. P. P. Barua disagrees, stating that
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records. Viswa Mohan Jha, in his review, deemed it to be an "impossible caricature" replete with references that did not support the text.
229:
and Arab politics, vigorously challenging the "notions purveyed by R.S. Sharma" that unconvincingly parallel early India into the mold of
955:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Volume I: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries"
901:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume I. Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries"
260:, express surprise that Wink's discussion on Rashtrakutas were solely based on Arabic chronicles and that he did not cite any kind of
1478:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. 1. Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries"
1025:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. 1. Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries"
284:" prevalent in the Islamic controlled parts of West and Central Asia, and the settled and "static agricultural world" of India. The
1807:
1420:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Volume II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries"
1643:"Reviewed work: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. III: Indo-Islamic Society, 14 th -15 th Centuries Al-Hind, ANDRÉ WINK"
1533:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. II. The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries"
1318:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. II. The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries"
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Roy S. Fischel believes Wink's work "offers a unique and significant contribution" to the discussion of the introduction of
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Al-Hind, the making of the Indo-Islamic world, volume I: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th-11th centuries
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but south-east Asia". This is the period in Wink's analysis where a fusion happened between two different cultures, one "of
801:"Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarājya by Andre Wink"
752:"Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth Century Marātha Svarājya by André Wink"
672:"Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarājya by André Wink"
623:"Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarajya by Andre Wink"
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and its impact on Indian economy, adding that Wink provides a wealth of information on the topic. According to Eaton, the
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system revitalized north Indian economy and helped India become "the hub of world trade". Eaton questions the thesis on
1263:
Chakravarti, Ranabir (February 1996). "The Export of Sindani Indigo from India to the 'West' in the Eleventh Century".
471:
Al-Hind, the making of the Indo-Islamic World, volume II: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th-13th centuries
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548:
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Catherine Asher calls it a "ground-breaking volume" that is based on recent scholarship as well as the "contemporary
115:
27:
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Peter Jackson found all the three volumes to be magisterial works and based on impressive secondary literature.
805:
1588:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. 111. Indo-Islamic Society 14th-15th Centuries"
627:
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synthesizes a lot of Wink's prior works that makes it more accessible to a general audience and scholars.
452:
Land and Sovereignty in India: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarajya
1705:"Review of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: III: Indo-Islamic Society, 14th-15th Centuries"
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their admirers but they did not entirely allay the fears. The third volume, finds Subrahmanyam, was less
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Al-Hind: the making of the Indo-Islamic world, volume III: Indo-Islamic society, 14th-15th centuries
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than its predecessors but had a less clear thesis. Also, Wink had a "persistent tendency" of using
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1080:"Of Imarat and Tijarat: Asian Merchants and State Power in the Western Indian Ocean, 1400 to 1750"
460:, Leiden: Brill, 1990. – second edition 1991; third edition 1996; Oxford University Press, 1990,
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Land and Sovereignty: Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarajya
51:
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valley. Eaton questions Wink's theory and understanding of religion and religious conversion in
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80:
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Barua, P. P. (May 2021). "Wink, Andre. The making of the Indo-Islamic world: c. 700-1800 CE".
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537:"Sovereignty and universal dominion in South Asia", Sage Publications (journal), 2016
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under Delhi Sultanate, treating enslavement to be a "frontier phenomenon" involving
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were settled in the fringes of semi-arid zones as well as in the non-arid lower
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496:(editor along with Anatoly Michailovich Khazanov), Psychology Press, 2001;
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381:. Eaton calls this an elegant scheme, if somewhat awkward. It covers the
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military strengths, yet does not answer the difficult question as to why
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age (700 to 1800 CE). He is the author of a series of books published by
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1749:"The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. c. 700–1800 CE By André Wink"
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519:"Post Nomadic Empires: From the Mongols to the Mughals", (edited by
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998:, BRILL (Original thesis published in 1984 by McGill University),
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J.C. Heesterman. Until 1990, he researched and published from the
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187:– covered from the rest of India. Some of his conclusions on
31:
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Jha, Vishwa Mohan (February 1996). "The Artless Pirennian".
1218:"Reflections on Recent Perceptions of Early Medieval India"
72:
regions in the Indian subcontinent and nearby regions.
473:, Leiden: Brill, 1997; Oxford University Press 1999,
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brought into India for military campaigns in Bengal,
509:, Leiden: Brill 2003, Oxford University Press 2009,
541:The Making of the Indo-Islamic World c.700–1800 CE
1799:
554:
1783:CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries
721:"Land and Sovereignty in India by André Wink"
454:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986
127:Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World
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368:Richard Eaton's review of the 3rd volume of
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199:Historian Derryl N. Maclean, who published
1084:Comparative Studies in Society and History
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331:justice to Wink's wide-ranging approach.
1647:Middle East Studies Association Bulletin
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401:, how capitals and major cities such as
99:in Indian history under the guidance of
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725:Journal of Economic and Social History
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1273:Indian Council of Historical Research
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846:
799:Barnett, Richard B. (December 1990).
597:"Wink, André - Home of Dutch Studies"
445:
1592:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1537:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1482:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1322:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1029:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
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564:The Making of the Indo-Islamic World
543:, Cambridge University Press, 2020,
483:"Akbar", Oneword Publication, 2008;
256:Ranabir Chakravarti, a historian of
1371:Hambly, Gavin R. G. (August 1999).
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670:Conlon, Frank F. (September 1988).
13:
1747:Fischel, Roy S. (September 2022).
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315:Indians. Wink persuasively treats
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995:Religion and Society in Arab Sind
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719:Rothermund, Dietmar (June 1989).
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621:Gordon, Stewart (November 1987).
201:Religion and society in Arab Sind
30:. He is known for his studies on
1709:The International History Review
1424:The International History Review
1216:Shrimali, Krishna Mohan (1993).
959:The International History Review
577:Making of the Indo-Islamic World
28:University of Wisconsin, Madison
1808:20th-century American educators
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677:The Journal of Economic History
527:), Palgrave Macmillan UK 2011,
806:The American Historical Review
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1:
1823:20th-century American writers
1703:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2005).
1078:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1995).
853:Review of Middle East Studies
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494:Nomads in the sedentary world
438:that eventually becomes mere
95:, and in 1984, he received a
1377:The Journal of Asian Studies
1288:The Indian Historical Review
1265:The Indian Historical Review
628:The Journal of Asian Studies
38:area, particularly over the
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1177:Kumar, Sunil (2016-08-11).
992:MacLean, Derryl N. (1989),
899:Lawrence, Bruce B. (1993).
360:
267:
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16:Dutch historian (born 1953)
10:
1839:
1754:Journal of Islamic Studies
1641:Eaton, Richard M. (2005).
1418:Eaton, Richard M. (1998).
1271:. Motilal Banarsidass for
1195:10.1177/025764309401000107
905:Journal of Islamic Studies
601:www.dutchstudies-satsea.nl
307:slave system and imported
75:Wink was born in 1953, in
56:Cambridge University Press
1659:10.1017/S0026318400048252
1604:10.1017/S1356186305285565
1549:10.1017/S1356186300010671
1494:10.1017/S1356186300002066
1334:10.1017/S1356186300010671
1096:10.1017/S0010417500019940
1041:10.1017/S1356186300002066
865:10.1017/S0026318400024524
847:Asher, Catherine (1991).
770:10.1017/S0026749X00010258
690:10.1017/S0022050700006227
1459:Indian Historical Review
1144:Journal of Asian History
750:Alam, Muzzaffar (1989).
110:
1586:Jackson, Peter (2005).
1531:Jackson, Peter (1998).
1476:Jackson, Peter (1992).
1316:Jackson, Peter (1998).
1023:Jackson, Peter (1992).
953:MacLean, D. N. (1992).
52:Oxford University Press
603:(in Dutch). 2017-02-05
81:Netherlands New Guinea
1138:Sinor, Denis (1996).
566:reception and reviews
558:reception and reviews
757:Modern Asian Studies
1767:10.1093/jis/etac033
917:10.1093/jis/4.1.123
422:Sanjay Subrahmanyam
238:Sanjay Subrahmanyam
1183:Studies in History
829:– via JSTOR.
788:– via JSTOR.
739:– via JSTOR.
708:– via JSTOR.
659:– via JSTOR.
521:Peter Fibiger Bang
446:Major publications
309:slaves from Africa
291:indigenous culture
179:, with only two –
165:Gurjara-Pratiharas
24:emeritus professor
1228:(12): 33–35, 39.
533:978-0-230-30841-1
515:978-90-04-13561-1
502:978-0-7007-1369-1
489:978-1-85168-605-6
479:978-90-04-10236-1
466:978-90-04-09249-5
282:pastoral nomadism
161:religious studies
157:Bruce B. Lawrence
93:Leiden University
91:). He studied at
64:– a term used in
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387:mercenaries
385:slaves and
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214:orientalist
177:archipelago
105:Netherlands
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1680:2021-03-08
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607:2022-08-06
583:References
525:C.A. Bayly
354:numismatic
295:iconoclasm
262:epigraphic
220:Historian
210:caricature
138:Indologist
101:Indologist
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407:Devagiri
397:and the
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325:Firishta
299:Buddhism
268:Volume 2
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