Rashtrakutas - Knowledge

2769: 2906: 1337:) who possessed the mightiest of armies and whose domains extended from Konkan to Sind." Some historians have called these times an "Age of Imperial Kannauj". Since the Rashtrakutas successfully captured Kannauj, levied tribute on its rulers and presented themselves as masters of North India, the era could also be called the "Age of Imperial Karnataka". During their political expansion into central and northern India in the 8th to the 10th centuries, the Rashtrakutas or their relatives created several kingdoms that either ruled during the reign of the parent empire or continued to rule for centuries after its fall or came to power much later. Well known among these were the Rashtrakutas of 2945: 823: 2918: 3201::"The community of the land tillers or agriculturists was known as Vokkaligas. The importance given to the cultivation of land is amply demonstrated by the fact that numerous tanks were dug and irrigation facilities were provided at various places. Some of the Rashtrakuta inscriptions found in the Banavasi province have the depiction of a plow. It is viewed that the Rashtrakutas were originally prosperous cultivators who later dominated the political scene. Some of the inscriptions refer to them as "Kutumbinah" which is interpreted as cultivators." 2308: 1770: 1929:(village head). Land taxes were varied, based on type of land, its produce and situation and ranged from 8% to 16%. A Banavasi inscription of 941 mentions reassessment of land tax due to the drying up of an old irrigation canal in the region. The land tax may have been as high as 20% to pay for expenses of a military frequently at war. In most of the kingdom, land taxes were paid in goods and services and rarely was cash accepted. A portion of all taxes earned by the government (usually 15%) was returned to the villages for maintenance. 49: 6857: 2451: 2293:) was made for the favourite hound of the feudatory Western Ganga King Butuga II that died fighting a wild boar in a hunt. There are records of game preserves for hunting by royalty. Astronomy and astrology were well developed as subjects of study, and there were many superstitious beliefs such as catching a snake alive proved a woman's chastity. Old persons suffering from incurable diseases preferred to end their lives by drowning in the sacred waters of a pilgrim site or by a ritual burning. 1333:(944) and Ibn Khurdadba (912) wrote that their empire was the largest in contemporary India and Sulaiman further called it one among the four great contemporary empires of the world. According to the travelogues of the Arabs Al Masudi and Ibn Khordidbih of the 10th century, "most of the kings of Hindustan turned their faces towards the Rashtrakuta king while they were praying, and they prostrated themselves before his ambassadors. The Rashtrakuta king was known as the "King of kings" ( 2582: 2649: 9032: 8173: 8985: 1933:

empire did not claim sole ownership of mines, implying that private mineral prospecting and the quarrying business may have been active. The state claimed all such properties whose deceased legal owner had no immediate family to make an inheritance claim. Other miscellaneous taxes included ferry and house taxes. Only Brahmins and their temple institutions were taxed at a lower rate.

1406: 1104:, to the throne heralded an era of success like never before. There is uncertainty about the location of the early capital of the Rashtrakutas at this time. During his rule there was a three way conflict between the Rashtrakutas, the Palas and the Pratiharas for control over the Gangetic plains. Describing his victories over the Pratihara Emperor Nagabhatta II and the 2264:) was practiced but the few examples noted in inscriptions were mostly in the royal families. The system of shaving the heads of widows was infrequent as epigraphs note that widows were allowed to grow their hair but decorating it was discouraged. The remarriage of a widow was rare among the upper castes and more accepted among the lower castes. 2236:

punishment, although widespread, was not given to the royal Kshatriya sub-castes or to Brahmins found guilty of heinous crimes (as the killing of a Brahmin in medieval Hindu India was itself considered a heinous crime). As an alternate punishment to enforce the law a Brahmin's right hand and left foot was severed, leaving that person disabled.

1201:. His rule was not as militant as that of Govinda III as he preferred to maintain friendly relations with his neighbours, the Gangas, the Eastern Chalukyas and the Pallavas with whom he also cultivated marital ties. His era was an enriching one for the arts, literature and religion. Widely seen as the most famous of the Rashtrakuta Emperors, 2251:

Joint families were the norm but legal separations between brothers and even father and son have been recorded in inscriptions. Women and daughters had rights over property and land as there are inscriptions recording the sale of land by women. The arranged marriage system followed a strict policy of

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The government's income came from five principal sources: regular taxes, occasional taxes, fines, income taxes, miscellaneous taxes and tributes from feudatories. An emergency tax was imposed occasionally and were applicable when the kingdom was under duress, such as when it faced natural calamities,

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Inscriptions and other literary records indicate the Rashtrakutas selected the crown prince based on heredity. The crown did not always pass on to the eldest son. Abilities were considered more important than age and chronology of birth, as exemplified by the crowning of Govinda III who was the third

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Sooloobunjun near Ellora (Couseris in Altekar 1934, p48). Perhaps Elichpur remained the capital until Amoghavarsha I built Manyakheta. From the Wani-Dmdori, Radhanpur and Kadba plates, Morkhand in Maharashtra was only a military encampment, from the Dhulia and Pimpen plates it seems Nasik was only a

1916:

inscription refers to an assemblage of all the people of a district headed by the guilds of the region. Some guilds were considered superior to others, just as some corporations were, and received royal charters determining their powers and privileges. Inscriptions suggest these guilds had their own

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Contemporaneous literature and inscriptions show that Kannada was not only popular in the modern Karnataka region but had spread further north into present day southern Maharashtra and to the northern Deccan by the 8th century. Kavirajamarga, the work on poetics, refers to the entire region between

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in Karnataka. According to art historian Vincent Smith, the achievement at the Kailasanath temple is considered an architectural consummation of the monolithic rock-cut temple and deserves to be considered one of the wonders of the world. According to art historian Percy Brown, as an accomplishment

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became more prominent as a literary language during the Rashtrakuta rule with its script and literature showing remarkable growth, dignity and productivity. This period effectively marked the end of the classical Prakrit and Sanskrit era. Court poets and royalty created eminent works in Kannada and

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The Rashtrakuta empire controlled most of the western sea board of the subcontinent which facilitated its maritime trade. The Gujarat branch of the empire earned a significant income from the port of Bharoch, one of the most prominent ports in the world at that time. The empire's chief exports were

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Taxes were levied on artisans such as potters, sheep herders, weavers, oilmen, shopkeepers, stall owners, brewers and gardeners. Taxes on perishable items such as fish, meat, honey, medicine, fruits and essentials like fuel was as high as 16%. Taxes on salt and minerals were mandatory although the

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castes were not allowed. Landownership by people of all castes is recorded in inscriptions Intercaste marriages in the higher castes were only between highly placed Kshatriya girls and Brahmin boys, but was relatively frequent among other castes. Intercaste functions were rare and dining together

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showed their Vaishnava leanings. Their flag had the sign of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, perhaps copied from the Badami Chalukyas. The famous Kailasnatha temple at Ellora and other rock-cut caves attributed to them show that the Hinduism was flourishing. Their family deity was a goddess by name

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and the expanding Sanskritic culture. Inscriptions, including those that were bilingual, demonstrate the use of Kannada as the primary administrative language in conjunction with Sanskrit. Government archives used Kannada for recording pragmatic information relating to grants of land. The local

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The careers of Brahmins usually related to education, the judiciary, astrology, mathematics, poetry and philosophy or the occupation of hereditary administrative posts. Also Brahmins increasingly practiced non-Brahminical professions (agriculture, trade in betel nuts and martial posts). Capital

2107:) who took the form of a falcon to save the kingdom. They built temples with icons and ornamentation that satisfied the needs of different faiths. The temple at Salotgi was meant for followers of Shiva and Vishnu and the temple at Kargudri was meant for worshipers of Shiva, Vishnu and Bhaskara ( 1928:

The king determined the tax levels based on need and circumstances in the kingdom while ensuring that an undue burden was not placed on the peasants. The land owner or tenant paid a variety of taxes, including land taxes, produce taxes and payment of the overhead for maintenance of the Gavunda

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The Rashtrakutas contributed much to the architectural heritage of the Deccan. Art historian Adam Hardy categorizes their building activity into three schools: Ellora, around Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal, and at Sirval near Gulbarga. The Rashtrakuta contributions to art and architecture are

1716:) in the regal capital of Manyakheta. Large armies were also maintained by the feudatory kings who were expected to contribute to the defense of the empire in case of war. Chieftains and all the officials also served as commanders whose postings were transferable if the need arose. 2812:) taught in Sanskrit, the language of the learned Brahmins, while Kannada increasingly became the speech of personal expression of devotional closeness of a worshipper to a private deity. The patronage Kannada received from rich and literate Jains eventually led to its use in the 3883:

From the Tirukkalukkunram inscription – Kanchi and Tanjore were annexed by Krishna III. From the Deoli inscription – Krishna III had feudatories from Himalayas to Ceylon. From the Laksmeshwar inscription – Krishna III was an incarnation of death for the Chola Dynasty (Reu 1933,

1901:, gold and silver coins, singing boys and girls (for the entertainment of the royalty) from other lands. Trading in horses was an important and profitable business, monopolised by the Arabs and some local merchants. The Rashtrakuta government levied a shipping tax of one golden 2790:

in northern India in the early 6th century, major changes began taking place in the Deccan south of the Vindyas and in the southern regions of India. These changes were not only political but also linguistic and cultural. The royal courts of peninsular India (outside of

630:, and the connection between the several Rashtrakuta dynasties that ruled small kingdoms in northern and central India and the Deccan between the 6th and 7th centuries. The relationship of these medieval Rashtrakutas to the most famous later dynasty, the Rashtrakutas of 1925:, wasteland, specific types of trees considered valuable to the economy, mines, salt, treasures unearthed by prospectors. Additionally, customary presents were given to the king or royal officers on such festive occasions as marriage or the birth of a son. 2870:(classical) style of writing was popular. The awareness of the merits and defects in inscriptions by the archivists indicates that even they, though mediocre poets, had studied standard classical literature in Sanskrit. An inscription in Kannada by King 1987:. Scholars have suggested that Jainism was a principal religion at the very heart of the empire, modern Karnataka, accounting for more than 30% of the population and dominating the culture of the region. King Amoghavarsha I was a disciple of the Jain 1946:

The Rashtrakuta kings supported the popular religions of the day in the traditional spirit of religious tolerance. Scholars have offered various arguments regarding which specific religion the Rashtrakutas favoured, basing their evidence on

2687:. The latter, a three faced bust of Lord Shiva, is 25 feet (8 m) tall and considered one of the finest pieces of sculpture in India. It is said that, in the world of sculpture, few works of art depicting a divinity are as balanced. 4458:

A 16th-century Buddhist work by Lama Taranatha speaks disparagingly of Shankaracharya as close parallels in some beliefs of Shankaracharya with Buddhist philosophy was not viewed favourably by Buddhist writers (Thapar 2003, pp 349–350,

2010:, "The subjects under Amoghavarsha are happy and the land yields plenty of grain. May the kingdom of King Nripatunga Amoghavarsha, follower of Jainism ever increase far and wide." Amoghavarsha may have taken up Jainism in his old age. 1213:

in Sanskrit is a writing of high merit and was later translated into the Tibetan language. Because of his religious temperament, his interest in the arts and literature and his peace-loving nature, he has been compared to the emperor

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and Jan Houben claim they are mostly in Kannada), and the rulers encouraged literature in both languages. The earliest existing Kannada literary writings are credited to their court poets and royalty. Though these Rashtrakutas were

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It is most likely that they were Kannada-speaking military aristocrats settled at a strategic point in modern-day Maharasthra by the Chalukyas or some other powerful group, perhaps to keep an eye on trade routes and various tribal

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and the Kongu Cheras of Karur all paid him tribute. As one historian puts it, the drums of the Deccan were heard from the Himalayan caves to the shores of the Malabar Coast. The Rashtrakutas empire now spread over the areas from

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Harsha attacked the empire and plundered Manyakheta, the capital of the Rashtrakutas. This seriously undermined the reputation of the Rastrakuta Empire and consequently led to its downfall. The final decline was sudden as

2420:(a Rashtrakuta feudatory), comparing the king's virtues favorably to those of Arjuna. Pampa demonstrates such a command of classical Kannada that scholars over the centuries have written many interpretations of his work. 1184:

his capital and ruled a large empire. Manyakheta remained the Rashtrakutas' regal capital until the end of the empire. He came to the throne in 814 but it was not until 821 that he had suppressed revolts from

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caste consisted of communities specialising in dance and acrobatics. People in the professions of sailing, hunting, weaving, cobblery, basket making and fishing belonged to specific castes or subcastes. The

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The Rashtrakuta economy was sustained by its natural and agricultural produce, its manufacturing revenues and moneys gained from its conquests. Cotton was the chief crop of the regions of southern Gujarat,

677:), the names of princes and princesses of the dynasty, and clues from relics such as coins. Scholars debate over which ethnic/linguistic groups can claim the early Rashtrakutas. Possibilities include the 622:

The origin of the Rashtrakuta dynasty has been a controversial topic of Indian history. These issues pertain to the origin of the earliest ancestors of the Rashtrakutas during the time of Emperor

2277:, a practice that spread to the masses much later. Dancing was a popular entertainment and inscriptions speak of royal women being charmed by dancers, both male and female, in the king's palace. 1322:. The former feudatories of the Rashtrakutas in western Deccan were brought under control of the Chalukyas, and the hitherto-suppressed Cholas of Tanjore became their arch enemies in the south. 2613:, a splendid achievement confirming the "Balhara" status as "one among the four principal Kings of the world". The walls of the temple have marvellous sculptures from Hindu mythology including 2252:

early marriage for women. Among Brahmins, boys married at or below 16 years of age and the brides chosen for them were 12 or younger. This age policy was not strictly followed by other castes.

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Artists and craftsman operated as corporations (guilds) rather than as individual business. Inscriptions mention guilds of weavers, oilmen, artisans, basket and mat makers and fruit sellers. A

665:—Lunar line), the native region and the ancestral home have been proposed, based on information gleaned from inscriptions, royal emblems, the ancient clan names such as "Rashtrika", epithets ( 1873:; the capital Manyakheta and Devagiri were important diamond and jewellery trading centres. The leather industry and tanning flourished in Gujarat and some regions of northern Maharashtra. 2350:

is the earliest available book on rhetoric and poetics in Kannada, though it is evident from this book that native styles of Kannada composition had already existed in previous centuries.

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World Heritage site. Other well-known temples are the Parameshwara temple at Konnur, Brahmadeva temple at Savadi, the Settavva, Kontigudi II, Jadaragudi and Ambigeragudi temples at

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annexed Manyakheta and made it their capital until 1015 and built an impressive empire in the Rashtrakuta heartland during the 11th century. The focus of dominance shifted to the

2281:(girls were "married" to a deity or temple) were often present in temples. Other recreational activities included attending animal fights of the same or different species. The 1373:'s conquest of the island of Ceylon in the early 11th century CE led to the fall of four kings there. According to historian K. Pillay, one of them, King Madavarajah of the 1600:) whose position came with five insignia commensurate with his position namely, a flag, a conch, a fan, a white umbrella, a large drum and five musical instruments called 2628:

The Kailasanath Temple project was commissioned by King Krishna I after the Rashtrakuta rule had spread into South India from the Deccan. The architectural style used is

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From the Siddalingamadam record of 944 – Krishna III captured Kanchi and Tanjore as well and had full control over northern Tamil regions (Aiyer in Kamath 2001, pp82–83)

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from the Cambay and Sangli records. The Bagumra record claims that Amoghavarsha saved the "Ratta" kingdom which was drowned in an "ocean of Chalukyas" (Kamath 2001, p78)

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in the south, a fruitful time of political expansion, architectural achievements and famous literary contributions. The early kings of this dynasty were influenced by

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from the standpoint of Jain morals in a clear and pithy manner. Ugraditya, a Jain ascetic from Hanasoge in the modern Mysore district wrote a medical treatise called

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The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during C. 750 A.D. to C. 1000 A.D

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detailing their rule from Manapur, a city in Central or West India. Other ruling Rashtrakuta clans from the same period mentioned in inscriptions were the kings of

9774: 1697:(or Nadugavunda); sometimes there were two such officials, one assuming the position through heredity and another appointed centrally. The lowest division was a 2601:

The Rashtrakutas renovated these Buddhist caves and re-dedicated the rock-cut shrines. Amoghavarsha I espoused Jainism and there are five Jain cave temples at

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Perumāḷs of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy: Political and Social Conditions of Kerala Under the Cēra Perumāḷs of Makōtai (c. AD 800 – AD 1124).

2594:. The Ellora site was originally part of a complex of 34 Buddhist caves probably created in the first half of the 6th century whose structural details show 9049: 6873: 8047: 5806: 5079: 1712:

The Rashtrakuta army consisted of large contingents of infantry, horsemen, and elephants. A standing army was always ready for war in a cantonment (

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of art, the Kailasanath temple is considered an unrivalled work of rock architecture, a monument that has always excited and astonished travellers.

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By the 9th century, kings from all the four castes had occupied the highest seat in the monarchical system in Hindu India. Admitting Kshatriyas to

3711:"The victorious march of his armies had literally embraced all the territory between the Himalayas and Cape Comorin" (Altekar in Kamath 2001, p77) 8827: 5706: 4728:"Mathematical Achievements of Pre-modern Indian Mathematicians", Putta Swamy T.K., 2012, chapter=Mahavira, p.231, Elsevier Publications, London, 2153:

existed in the Rashtrakuta empire by the 10th century and many Muslims lived and mosques flourished on the coasts, specifically in towns such as

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seat of a viceroy, and the Paithan plates of Govinda III indicate that neither Latur nor Paithan was the early capital.(Altekar, 1934, pp47–48)

1091: 6780: 1620:), all of whom were usually associated with one of the feudatory kings and must have held a position in government equivalent to a premier. A 1112:, the Sanjan inscription states the horses of Govinda III drank from the icy waters of the Himalayan streams and his war elephants tasted the 8779: 3591: 2228:

caste provided many menial services to the wealthy. Brahmins enjoyed the highest status in Rashtrakuta society; only those Kshatriyas in the

9754: 8966: 8123: 2130:, although it had declined significantly by this time. The decline of Buddhism in South India began in the 8th century with the spread of 8961: 2944: 2182: 1764: 1582: 9559: 6846: 3386:

Rashtrakutas are described as Kannadigas from Lattaluru who encouraged the Kannada language (Chopra, Ravindran, Subrahmanian 2003, p87)

1553: 1548: 724:, an area which the Rashtrakutas ruled for over two centuries. The Samangadh copper plate grant (753) confirms that the feudatory King 2905: 822: 9668: 8812: 8774: 1306:. With the fall of the Rashtrakutas, their feudatories and related clans in the Deccan and northern India declared independence. The 8817: 8161: 7672: 7510: 2590:

reflected in the splendid rock-cut cave temples at Ellora and Elephanta, areas also occupied by Jain monks, located in present-day

9719: 9678: 9582: 8128: 6047: 6005: 2555:). These writings are named after their patron king who was also called Athishayadhavala. Other contributions from Jinasena were 1917:

militia to protect goods in transit and, like village assemblies, they operated banks that lent money to traders and businesses.

1420: 524:, each of these three empires annexing the seat of power at Kannauj for short periods of time. At their peak the Rashtrakutas of 2474:, who belonged to the Karnataka mathematical tradition and was patronised by King Amoghavarsha I. His greatest contribution was 1628:) and possessed military training. There were cases where women supervised significant areas as when Revakanimaddi, daughter of 1229:

and Gujarat. Krishna II ended the independent status of the Gujarat branch and brought it under direct control from Manyakheta.

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The Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta gained control over Kannauj for a brief period during the early 10th century (Thapar 2003, p333)

2512:. He delivered a discourse in the court of Amoghavarsha I encouraging abstinence from animal products and alcohol in medicine. 1249:

rivers. He also defeated the dynasty's traditional enemies, the Pratiharas and the Palas, while maintaining his influence over

9663: 9658: 9448: 9036: 8832: 8552: 8178: 7679: 7267: 6860: 5628: 4842:

S.K. Ramachandra Rao, (1985), Encyclopedia of Indian Medicine: Historical perspective, pp100-101, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai,

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of King Dantidurga (753) shows an image of god Shiva and the coins of his successor, King Krishna I (768), bear the legend

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were an important source of income and played an important role in the economy. Diamonds were mined in Cudappah, Bellary,

458:. Several controversies exist regarding the origin of these early Rashtrakutas, their native homeland and their language. 9020: 8822: 8766: 8409: 8113: 8027: 17: 2756:. One of the richest traditions in Indian architecture took shape in the Deccan during this time which Adam Hardy calls 1885:, coconuts, sandal, teak, timber, sesame oil and ivory. Its major imports were pearls, gold, dates from Arabia, slaves, 1849:

The Deccan was rich in minerals, though its soil was not as fertile as that of the Gangetic plains. The copper mines of

1225:, the empire faced a revolt from the Eastern Chalukyas and its size decreased to the area including most of the Western 8118: 8032: 7721: 7648: 4486:

From the notes of Magasthenesis and Strabo from Greece and Ibn Khurdadba and Al Idrisi from Arabia (Altekar 1934, p317)

2768: 1536: 1253:. The effect of his victories in Kannauj lasted several years according to the 930 copper plate inscription of Emperor 2744:. Archeological study of these temples show some have the stellar (multigonal) plan later to be used profusely by the 9428: 9413: 9403: 8998: 8971: 8381: 5792: 5686: 5647: 5609: 5590: 5571: 5552: 5519: 5500: 5481: 5459: 5438: 5410: 5340: 5321: 5302: 5274: 5129: 5052: 5024: 4987: 4959: 4886: 4847: 1257:. After a succession of weak kings during whose reigns the empire lost control of territories in the north and east, 609: 9602: 9587: 9564: 9255: 8807: 8802: 8037: 7658: 2435:(supreme poet in two languages) for his command over both Kannada and Sanskrit. His other writings in Kannada were 2358:) that aims to standardize these various styles. The book refers to early Kannada prose and poetry writers such as 2326:

Sanskrit that spanned such literary forms as prose, poetry, rhetoric, the Hindu epics and the life history of Jain

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In the general population men wore two simple pieces of cloth, a loose garment on top and a garment worn like a

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contact with South India began as early as the 7th century, a result of trade between the Southern kingdoms and

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who took control in 780, the kingdom expanded into an empire that encompassed all of the territory between the

1842:, produced such woods as sandal, timber, teak and ebony. Incense and perfumes were exported from the ports of 1624:

was a feudatory or higher ranking regal officer. All cabinet ministers were well versed in political science (

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excel in beauty and craftsmanship even that of the Ellora sculptures. Famous sculptures at Elephanta include

2335: 2042: 1389: 4380:"Wide and sympathetic tolerance" in general characterised the Rashtrakuta rule (Altekar in Kamath 2001, p92) 2886:, shows that the study of poetry was popular in the Deccan during this time. Trivikrama's Sanskrit writing, 811:

under his control. According to Altekar and Sen, the Rashtrakutas became a pan-India power during his rule.

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are Vimala, Udaya, Nagarjuna, Jayabhandu for Kannada prose and Kavisvara, Pandita, Chandra and Lokapala in

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was ruled by a Rashtrapathi who on occasion was the emperor himself. Amoghavarsha I's empire had sixteen

1541: 1298:, declared himself independent by taking advantage of this defeat. Indra IV, the last emperor, committed 1295: 597: 6619: 3329:

During the rule of the Rashtrakutas, literature in Kannada and Sanskrit flowered (Kamath 2001, pp 88–90)

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Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation-The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries

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in 753 and took control of the northern regions of the Chalukya empire. He then helped his son-in-law,

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and included the northern Tamil country (Tondaimandalam) while levying tribute on the king of Ceylon.

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was prolific during this era as well. Important mathematical theories and axioms were postulated by

791:. He led successful expeditions to Kannauj, the seat of northern Indian power where he defeated the 696:

Scholars however concur that the rulers of the imperial dynasty in the 8th to 10th century made the

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The province of Tardavadi in the very heart of the Rashtrakuta empire was given to Tailapa II as a

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son of king Dhruva Dharavarsha. The most important position under the king was the Chief Minister (

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writing was to propagate Jain tenets and ethics. The second writing reviews the subject matter of

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Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"

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of Dhanop, Rashtraudha dynasty of Mayuragiri in modern Maharashtra and Rashtrakutas of Kannauj.

592:. Other important contributions are the Kashivishvanatha temple and the Jain Narayana temple at 9642: 9119: 9094: 8537: 8527: 8452: 7784: 7693: 7487: 7113: 7050: 7025: 7020: 7015: 5245: 2923: 2898: 2671:, others claim that it was built during the Rashtrakuta period. Some of the sculptures such as 2302: 1507: 1425: 581: 577: 4765:

may have been co-authored by Amoghavarsha I and court poet Sri Vijaya (Sastri 1955, pp355–356)

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than the four commonly known castes in the Hindu social system, some as many as seven castes.

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The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India

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as important as Sanskrit. Rashtrakuta inscriptions use both Kannada and Sanskrit (historians

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Even royalty of the empire took part in poetic and literary activities – Thapar (2003), p334

1971:

were Jains. The Rashtrakutas built well-known Jain temples at locations such as Lokapura in

1349:(875–1230) in modern Karnataka, the Gahadavalas of Kannauj (1068–1223), the Rashtrakutas of 576:, a landmark literary work in the Kannada language. Architecture reached a milestone in the 9516: 9466: 9345: 9280: 9141: 9109: 9089: 9079: 8363: 8339: 8169: 8075: 7999: 7942: 7812: 7443: 7294: 7030: 7010: 5469: 4305:

From the Davangere inscription of Santivarma of Banavasi-12000 province (Altekar 1934, p234

4139: 3541: 3246: 2813: 1487: 1397: 1109: 3946: 8: 9380: 9370: 9350: 9335: 9320: 9290: 9270: 9235: 9172: 8935: 8865: 8512: 8422: 8355: 8299: 7962: 7932: 7400: 7382: 7319: 7299: 7223: 7198: 7045: 6899: 6665: 6603: 6055: 5850: 4371:

From the Hebbal inscriptions and Torkhede inscriptions of Govinda III (Altekar 1934, p232

3057: 2431:, his account of the life of Shantinatha, the 16th Jain tirthankara. He earned the title 2396: 1948: 1477: 1457: 1121: 1015: 870: 642: 635: 521: 517: 443: 439: 285: 2041:

inscriptions tell of King Amoghavarsha I sacrificing a finger from his left hand at the

638:, Karnataka state), who ruled between the 8th and 10th centuries has also been debated. 9365: 9330: 9265: 9202: 9157: 9006: 8895: 8850: 8447: 8432: 8427: 8371: 8100: 7872: 7714: 7666: 7276: 7035: 6977: 6414: 6241: 6185: 6141: 5529: 5449: 3729:

Which could put to shame even the capital of gods-From Karda plates (Altekar 1934, p47)

2282: 2080: 1951:, coins and contemporary literature. Some claim the Rashtrakutas were inclined towards 995: 799:

of Bengal, gaining him fame and vast booty but not more territory. He also brought the

780: 613: 447: 318: 9028: 5333:

Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit language

3530:

The Rashtrakutas interfered effectively in the politics of Kannauj (Thapar 2003), p333

2307: 1769: 9375: 9360: 9355: 9315: 9220: 9192: 9074: 8925: 8885: 8522: 8502: 8467: 8442: 8080: 7917: 7628: 7347: 7342: 7334: 7314: 7178: 7163: 7000: 6653: 6649: 6607: 6596: 6574: 6542: 6528: 6213: 5682: 5662: 5643: 5624: 5605: 5586: 5567: 5548: 5515: 5496: 5477: 5455: 5434: 5406: 5389: 5372: 5364: 5336: 5317: 5298: 5270: 5253: 4882: 4843: 4729: 4143: 4045: 3926: 3638: 3562: 3403: 3137: 3013: 2972: 2741: 2605:

ascribed to his period. The most extensive and sumptuous of the Rashtrakuta works at

1972: 1665:(district) overseen by a Vishayapathi. Trusted ministers sometimes ruled more than a 1502: 1492: 1482: 1370: 1307: 1194: 1132:. Having conquered Kannauj, he travelled south, took firm hold over Gujarat, Kosala ( 1039: 890: 800: 5731: 5621:

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India:From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

1685:

included: Kunduru (500), Belvola (300), Puligere (300) and Kundarge (70). Below the

9637: 9423: 9275: 9250: 9245: 9187: 9182: 9167: 8920: 8900: 8875: 8507: 8492: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8437: 8090: 8070: 8065: 7937: 7578: 7448: 7410: 7390: 7357: 7309: 7238: 7173: 7133: 7108: 7103: 6955: 6937: 6538: 6523: 6519: 6472: 6468: 6428: 6394: 6390: 6209: 2987: 2796: 2749: 2322: 2038: 1980: 1921:

or was preparing for war or overcoming war's ravages. Income tax included taxes on

1834:. The Konkan region, ruled by the feudatory Silharas, produced large quantities of 1819: 1807: 1452: 1353:(known as Rajputana) and ruling from Hastikundi or Hathundi (893–996), Dahal (near 1303: 1282: 1234: 1026: 737: 697: 509:

were gaining force in eastern and northwestern India respectively. An Arabic text,

466: 374: 236: 85: 1838:

leaves, coconut and rice while the lush forests of Mysore, ruled by the feudatory

9325: 9305: 9114: 8915: 8905: 8880: 8855: 8542: 8462: 8347: 8307: 8225: 8055: 7842: 7817: 7728: 7525: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7430: 7420: 7405: 7362: 7248: 7243: 7168: 7153: 6776: 6657: 6615: 6611: 6578: 6550: 6546: 6492: 6398: 6330: 6292: 6098: 5659:

History of Mediaeval Hindu India (Being a History of India from 600 to 1200 A.D.)

3161: 3007: 2664: 2515:

Trivikrama was a noted scholar in the court of King Indra III. His classics were

2257: 2253: 1886: 1732: 1497: 1472: 1443: 1366: 1358: 937: 901: 881: 701: 358: 736:

in Maharashtra), defeated the great Karnatic army (referring to the army of the

48: 9295: 9099: 8860: 8713: 8598: 8457: 8394: 8260: 8182: 8108: 7957: 7947: 7882: 7877: 7608: 7473: 7395: 7372: 7367: 7304: 7233: 7148: 7040: 6990: 6946: 6919: 6512: 6385: 6282: 5883: 3595: 2883: 2879: 2825: 2540: 2347: 2243:

schools along with Brahmins was customary, but the children of the Vaishya and

1670: 1629: 1512: 1374: 1315: 1226: 1202: 1177: 946: 839: 749: 729: 721: 567: 513:(851), called the Rashtrakutas one of the four principal empires of the world. 474: 5932: 9698: 9131: 8743: 8658: 8565: 8230: 7832: 7827: 7802: 7633: 7623: 7588: 7563: 7545: 7208: 7193: 7078: 6995: 6967: 6928: 6661: 6464: 6424: 6325: 6308: 6261: 6246: 6232: 6205: 6201: 6161: 6146: 6135: 6087: 4147: 3835: 2787: 2732: 2455: 2391: 2370: 2342: 2170: 2154: 1342: 1311: 1262: 1193:

by giving them his two daughters in marriage, and then defeated the invading

1113: 975: 919: 910: 788: 690: 661: 572: 5361:

A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present

5295:

Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages

2581: 2450: 1905:

on all foreign vessels embarking to any other ports and a fee of one silver

1881:

cotton yarn, cotton cloth, muslins, hides, mats, indigo, incense, perfumes,

9683: 9617: 9501: 8989: 8748: 8673: 8487: 8389: 7927: 7862: 7807: 7530: 7228: 7183: 7118: 7083: 6380: 6253: 6153: 6023: 5961: 5926: 5908: 5900: 5844: 5784: 5674: 5666: 5393: 5376: 5257: 4468:

From the notes of 10th-century Arab writer Al-Ishtakhri (Sastri 1955, p396)

4035: 2935: 2931: 2821: 2648: 2576: 2492: 2479: 2240: 2131: 2114:

In short, the Rashtrakuta rule was tolerant to multiple popular religions,

1984: 1266: 1261:

the last great ruler consolidated the empire so that it stretched from the

1246: 1158: 1070: 784: 653:

and the notes of the Arab travellers. Theories about the dynastic lineage (

585: 533: 334: 5583:

A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar

5133: 5056: 5028: 4991: 4963: 2387:(mixed prose-verse style) style, it is the life history of the first Jain 1294:, a feudatory of the Rashtrakuta ruling from Tardavadi province in modern 428: 9486: 8703: 8663: 8399: 8060: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7852: 7837: 7797: 7213: 6801:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

6569: 6562: 6445: 6419: 6227: 6197: 5858: 3972: 2871: 2774: 2591: 2483: 2401: 2327: 2029:

faiths. Almost all of their inscriptions begin with an invocation to god

1964: 1258: 1129: 1105: 1101: 1050: 1004: 796: 717: 655: 589: 540: 494: 490: 382: 326: 5130:"Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas" 5053:"Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas" 5025:"Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas" 4988:"Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas" 4960:"Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas" 2864:(logic). An examination of inscriptions from this period shows that the 9481: 9476: 8738: 8708: 8593: 8560: 7847: 7643: 7593: 7188: 6631: 6441: 5510:

Rao, Seshagiri, L.S (1988) . "Epic (Kannada)". In Amaresh Datta (ed.).

2982: 2699: 2641: 2447:. Adikavi Pampa and Sri Ponna are called "gems of Kannada literature". 2312: 2286: 2147: 2058: 1955:

since many of the scholars who flourished in their courts and wrote in

1922: 1858: 1774: 1326: 1299: 1291: 1254: 1222: 1181: 725: 631: 627: 593: 525: 506: 502: 486: 470: 366: 342: 310: 294: 140: 75: 6854: 2531:

helped him in his effort to compete with a rival in the king's court.

1152:(one statue of the king and another of his minister). The Cholas, the 1095:

The Rashtrakutas and neighbouring polities in South Asia circa 800 CE.

9632: 9456: 9054: 9040: 8718: 8698: 8693: 8588: 8331: 8315: 8193: 7907: 7867: 7638: 7573: 7568: 7123: 7098: 6878: 6864: 6374: 2792: 2691: 2657: 2528: 2478:, a writing in 9 chapters. Somadevasuri of 950 wrote in the court of 2424: 2379: 2359: 2316: 2204: 2192: 2127: 2022: 1913: 1882: 1811: 1350: 1346: 1330: 1230: 1186: 1149: 964: 955: 772: 765: 713: 706: 678: 482: 462: 350: 302: 4160:

whose main responsibility was to draft and maintain inscriptions or

3134:

Lords of the Deccan: Southern India from the Chalukyas to the Cholas

2161:. Muslim settlers married local women; their children were known as 1329:

had a great impact on India, even on India's north. Sulaiman (851),

9627: 9612: 9506: 9496: 9491: 9461: 8728: 8648: 8638: 8628: 8623: 8603: 7912: 7735: 7535: 7203: 7128: 7093: 6452: 6335: 6193: 6019: 6011: 5965: 5956: 4230:

From notes of Periplus, Al Idrisi and Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p357)

3036: 2950: 2875: 2753: 2745: 2727: 2622: 2598:

influence. Cave temples occupied by Hindus are from later periods.

2552: 2532: 2471: 2463: 2278: 2200: 2196: 2119: 2067: 2054: 2046: 2026: 2018: 2014: 1999: 1991: 1956: 1898: 1877:

with its vast elephant herds was important for the ivory industry.

1870: 1850: 1823: 1799: 1783: 1678: 1354: 1233:

recovered the dynasty's fortunes in central India by defeating the

1141: 928: 733: 563: 544: 478: 451: 442:

between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta

406: 398: 390: 152: 107: 99: 89: 4612:

From the Tarkhede inscription of Govinda III, (Altekar 1934, p339)

2808:(formal). Educational institutions and places of higher learning ( 2640:

style and was built on the same lines as the Virupaksha temple at

2049:

to avert a calamity in his kingdom. King Dantidurga performed the

1148:

and received two statues as an act of submission from the king of

9471: 8678: 8668: 8653: 8323: 7952: 7603: 7598: 7138: 6533: 6459: 6360: 6341: 6189: 6062: 6015: 5977: 5970: 5752:"South Indian Inscriptions-Miscellaneous Inscriptions in Kannada" 4779: 3581:

The ablest of the Rashtrakuta kings (Altekar in Kamath 2001, p77)

2874:, written in a poetic Kanda metre, has been found as far away as 2829: 2595: 2374: 2208: 2162: 2139: 2135: 2115: 2062: 1988: 1968: 1960: 1952: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1803: 1791: 1661: 1362: 1338: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1153: 1061: 808: 745: 686: 650: 559: 548: 455: 435: 103: 27:

Early medieval period Indian dynasty (r. mid-6th to 10th century)

5368: 4419:

The Vaishnava Rashtrakutas patronised Jainism (Kamath 2001, p92)

4042:

A History of the Indian Sub-Continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200

2832:

country". Higher education in Sanskrit included the subjects of

2726:, Kumaraswamy temple at Sandur, numerous temples at Shirival in 756:

from the Chalukyas and defeated the Gurjaras, and the rulers of

9390: 8723: 8688: 8683: 8643: 8633: 8613: 7822: 7618: 7613: 7540: 7088: 7073: 6496: 6067: 5982: 5914: 5840: 3925:. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan Private Limited. pp. 19–20. 2977: 2779: 2723: 2707: 2703: 2653: 2652:

Dravidian style architecture. Top view of Navalinga Temples at

2614: 2606: 2602: 2405: 2384: 2338:

wrote on pure mathematics in the court of King Amoghavarsha I.

2274: 2244: 2212: 2158: 2150: 2123: 2030: 1894: 1874: 1839: 1827: 1815: 1795: 1787: 1286: 1242: 1215: 1137: 1133: 1125: 1117: 804: 776: 761: 757: 753: 741: 623: 529: 498: 485:

as its base. This clan came to be known as the Rashtrakutas of

4603:

From the notes of Al Masudi and Al Idrisi (Altekar 1934, p339)

709:, they were conversant in a northern Deccan language as well. 8618: 8583: 7857: 7792: 7143: 4929:. Gerard da Cunha-Architecture Autonomous, Bardez, Goa, India 4881:. Mumbai, India: Somaily Publications. pp. 19, 115–116. 3739: 2967: 2866: 2737: 2715: 2711: 2618: 2331: 2269: 2188: 2108: 2034: 1890: 1843: 1835: 1831: 1319: 1250: 1145: 682: 274: 5267:

History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1

4639:

From the notes of Sulaiman and Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p343)

3431:

From Rashtrakuta inscriptions call the Badami Chalukya army

3039:

in India, K.L. Hazara, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1995, pp288–294

2710:, Mallikarjuna temple at Ron, Andhakeshwara temple at Huli ( 8733: 6027: 5868: 5264: 4927:"Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent,20 September 1996" 2833: 2804:(popular) literature while literature in Sanskrit was more 2536: 2261: 2199:

mentions sixteen castes including the four basic castes of

2143: 1405: 1238: 1209:

is considered an important landmark in Kannada poetics and

712:

The heart of the Rashtrakuta empire included nearly all of

646: 558:

mathematicians and scholars contributed important works in

555: 536: 516:

This period, between the 8th and the 10th centuries, saw a

423: 5354:. Madhya Pradesh: Digambar Jain Sahitya Samrakshan Samiti. 3561:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 31, 146. 5386:

Cultural history of Karnataka : ancient and medieval

4344:

From the Begumra plates of Krishna II (Altekar 1934, p227

3164:

under the rule of Badami Chalukyas (Altekar 1934, p21–26)

1681:

which included 12,000 villages in that territory, lesser

1205:

was an accomplished scholar in Kannada and Sanskrit. His

828: 5265:

Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003) .

2632:

according to Adam Hardy. It does not contain any of the

2002:), I write Prashnottara Ratnamalika". The mathematician 57: Core extent of Rashtrakuta Empire, 800 CE, 915 CE. 5640:

Penguin History of Early India: From origins to AD 1300

3395: 1794:

and Tagara were important centres of textile industry.

1120:. His military exploits have been compared to those of 3368:

Possibly Dravidian Kannada origin (Karmarkar 1947 p26)

2273:

for the lower part of the body. Only kings could wear

5585:. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. 4576:

From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p332, p334)

4314:

From the writings of Chandesvara (Altekar 1934, p216)

4164:

as would an archivist. (Altekar in Kamath (2001), p85

2795:) interfaced between the increasing use of the local 2663:

While some scholars have claimed the architecture at

649:

language, contemporaneous literature in Sanskrit and

641:

The sources for Rashtrakuta history include medieval

4657:

From the notes of Ibn Khurdadba (Altekar 1934, p346)

4585:

From the notes of Ibn Khurdadba (Altekar 1934, p337)

4522:

From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, pp330–331)

3346: 3344: 2232:

sub-caste (noble Kshatriyas) were higher in status.

2122:

too found support and was popular in places such as

2087:(another name for Shiva). The kings' titles such as 775:

brought major portions of present-day Karnataka and

6794:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 4696:

From the notes of Ibn Kurdadba (Altekar 1934, p353)

4567:

From the notes of Yuan Chwang, Altekar (1934), p331

3902:

Conqueror of Kanchi and Tanjore (Sastri 1955, p162)

3325: 3323: 3321: 5286:Rudrakavis Great Poem of the Dynasty of Rastraudha 4477:From the notes of Masudi (916) (Sastri 1955, p396) 4362:From the writings of Somadeva (Altekar 1934, p244) 1189:and ministers. Amoghavarsha I made peace with the 580:style, the finest example of which is seen in the 9780:States and territories disestablished in the 980s 5566:. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. 5454:. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. 5132:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from 5120: 5055:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from 5027:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from 4990:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from 4962:. 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from 4812:L.S. Seshagiri Rao in Amaresh Datta (1988), p1180 4335:From the notes of Al Idrisi (Altekar (1934), p223 3341: 3332: 3131: 2882:. Kavirajamarga, a work on poetics in Kannada by 2519:(915), the earliest in champu style in Sanskrit, 2373:, widely regarded as one of the most influential 2195:, the famed 10th century Persian / central Asian 693:, or other north western ethnic groups of India. 9696: 5127: 5050: 5022: 4985: 4957: 4906:. Gerard da Cunha-Architecture Autonomous, India 3975:for services rendered in war (Sastri 1955, p162) 3318: 1302:(fasting unto death practised by Jain monks) at 5512:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2 5447: 5148: 4752:type of composition (Narasimhacharya 1988, p12) 4630:From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p342) 4594:From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p337) 4549:From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p326) 4531:From the notes of Alberuni, Altekar (1934) p325 4513:From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p324) 4495:From the notes of Alberuni (Altekar 1934, p317) 3939: 2760:style as opposed to traditional Dravida style. 2527:and Begumra plates. Legend has it that Goddess 2458:, praising the people for their literary skills 2427:, patronised by King Krishna III and famed for 2400:(941), the author's version of the Hindu epic, 2013:However, the Rashtrakuta kings also patronized 1377:, was an usurper from the Rashtrakuta dynasty. 9775:States and territories established in the 750s 8957:List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh 8952:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population 5750:Sastri & Rao, Shama & Lakshminarayan. 5564:Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1 5071: 4540:From the notes of Abuzaid (Altekar 1934, p325) 4182:From the notes of Al Masudi (Kamath 2001, p88) 3607:modern Morkhand in Maharashtra (Reu 1933, p65) 2454:A stanza from the 9th century Kannada classic 2412:, it is a eulogy of the writer's patron, King 2248:between people of various castes was avoided. 1802:. The cotton yarn and cloth was exported from 1144:of Kanchi, installed a ruler of his choice in 1100:The ascent of Dhruva Dharavarsha's third son, 9014: 8155: 6840: 5800: 3636: 3610: 3601: 1576: 570:, the most famous king of this dynasty wrote 8967:List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh 5814: 5749: 5534:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5495:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 5077: 4785: 4768: 4715: 4713: 4711: 3800: 3798: 3584: 3554: 3293: 3291: 3269: 3267: 3127: 3125: 2559:later completed by his disciple Gunabhadra, 2334:gained fame, and noted scholars such as the 2256:(a custom in which a dead man's widow would 1719:The Rashtrakutas issued coins (minted in an 8962:List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh 6775: 5388:. Dharwar: Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha. 4799: 4797: 4755: 4683: 4681: 4395: 4322: 4320: 4256: 4254: 4022: 4020: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3745: 3732: 3524: 3517: 3515: 3257: 3255: 3199:. Banavasi (India): Printwell. p. 121. 3190: 3188: 2423:Another notable Jain writer in Kannada was 2183:Society of Rashtrakuta empire of Manyakheta 1765:Economy of Rashtrakuta empire of Manyakheta 1325:In conclusion, the rise of Rashtrakutas of 9021: 9007: 8162: 8148: 6847: 6833: 5807: 5793: 5111: 5043: 4918: 4427: 4425: 4388: 4386: 4208: 4206: 3723: 3671:From the Nesari records (Kamath 2001, p76) 3494: 1583: 1569: 47: 9669:List of urban agglomerations in Telangana 9664:List of cities in Telangana by population 5547:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 5433:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5383: 5283: 4904:"Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent" 4829: 4827: 4708: 4452: 3887: 3821: 3819: 3795: 3658: 3656: 3629: 3533: 3288: 3264: 3122: 2585:Kailasanath Temple at Ellora, Maharashtra 1909:( a coin) on vessels travelling locally. 6789: 5419: 5184: 5102: 5015: 4924: 4901: 4870: 4836: 4806: 4794: 4690: 4678: 4669: 4660: 4651: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4516: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4281: 4251: 4017: 4010: 4008: 3978: 3893:Conqueror of Kanchi, (Thapar 2003, p334) 3877: 3859: 3781: 3512: 3460: 3416: 3252: 3185: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3031: 3029: 2767: 2647: 2580: 2500:and other writings. The main aim of the 2449: 2306: 1768: 1669:. For example, Bankesha, a commander of 728:, who probably ruled from Achalapura in 528:ruled a vast empire stretching from the 477:and went on to build an empire with the 9765:10th-century disestablishments in India 9679:List of urban local bodies in Telangana 5602:Ancient Indian History and Civilization 5490: 5297:. New York: Columbia University Press. 5244: 5220: 5211: 5175: 5006: 4941: 4861: 4815: 4722: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4471: 4443: 4422: 4413: 4383: 4272: 4263: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4203: 4167: 4154: 3996: 3961: 3920: 3914: 3850: 3772: 3674: 3451: 3425: 3281: 3279: 3072: 2698:temple and the Jain Narayana temple at 1798:cloth were manufactured in Paithan and 1421:Political history of medieval Karnataka 596:in modern Karnataka, both of which are 434:) (r. 753 – 982 CE) was a royal Indian 14: 9697: 9404:Rachakonda-Bhuvanagiri, Hyderabad East 6798: 6364:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism 5673: 5661:. Poona: Oriental Book Supply Agency. 5656: 5637: 5580: 5474:History of the Rashtrakutas (Rathodas) 5428: 5358: 5330: 5157: 4978: 4950: 4824: 4699: 4480: 4462: 4434: 4404: 4194: 4185: 4133: 4118: 4029: 3987: 3896: 3868: 3841: 3816: 3807: 3738:A capital city built to excel that of 3683: 3665: 3653: 3485: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3442: 3362: 3309: 3237:Hultzsch and Reu in Reu (1933), p2, p4 3194: 3104: 3063: 3051: 2543:. A theologian, his contributions are 1024: 1013: 1002: 973: 917: 908: 899: 888: 879: 868: 857: 848: 779:under his control. During the rule of 9002: 8143: 6828: 6766: 6561: 6378: 6307: 6280: 6231: 6226: 5788: 5704: 5618: 5311: 5292: 5202: 5193: 5166: 4876: 4738: 4374: 4176: 4109: 4005: 3763: 3500:Desai and Aiyar in Kamath (2001), p75 3353: 3228:D.R.Bhandarkar in Reu, (1933), p1, p7 3210:A.C. Burnell in Pandit Reu (1933), p4 3195:Shetty, Sadanand Ramakrishna (1994). 3176: 3167: 3113: 3081: 3026: 2362:, perhaps the 6th-century monarch of 2053:(horse sacrifice) and the Sanjan and 993: 962: 953: 944: 935: 926: 837: 5561: 5542: 5400: 5349: 4852: 4100: 4073: 3905: 3828: 3754: 3714: 3705: 3692: 3380: 3350:Narasimhacharya (1988), pp17–18, p68 3276: 3222: 3154: 3042: 3005: 2609:is their creation of the monolithic 1994:and wrote in his religious writing, 1731:in silver and gold weighing 65 1197:at Vingavalli and assumed the title 1077: 1068: 1059: 1048: 982: 826: 176:• Earliest Rashtrakuta records 9755:8th-century establishments in India 9659:List of cities in Telangana by area 5599: 5509: 5468: 4984:Percy Brown and James Fergusson in 4091: 4082: 4064: 4055: 4044:, pp.207–208, Routledge, New York, 3620: 3575: 3548: 3503: 3469: 3371: 3300: 3240: 3231: 3213: 3204: 3095: 2778:inscription at Navalinga temple in 2625:while the ceilings have paintings. 1037: 24: 5713:. OurKarnataka.Com. Archived from 5472:, Pandit Bisheshwar Nath (1997) . 3971:(provincial grant) by Rashtrakuta 3136:. India: Juggernaut. p. 193. 3012:. Grove Publication. p. 198. 2694:their most famous temples are the 1218:and called "Ashoka of the South". 25: 9791: 8972:List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh 5771: 5729: 5269:. New Delhi: Chand Publications. 4782:poetry (Narasimhacharya 1988, p2) 4774:Other early writers mentioned in 3813:Panchamukhi in Kamath (2001), p80 3698:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013), p95, 3160:A Kannada dynasty was created in 2890:, is perhaps the earliest in the 2551:(written with another theologian 2394:. Pampa's other notable work was 2260:herself on her husband's funeral 1998:, "having bowed to Varaddhamana ( 1380: 610:Origin of the Rashtrakuta dynasty 9030: 8983: 8171: 6855: 6747: 6738: 6729: 6720: 6711: 6702: 6693: 6684: 6674:References and sources for table 5581:Sastri, Nilakanta K.A. (2002) . 5405:. New York: Grove Publications. 5352:Bharatiya Digambar Jain Abhilekh 4895: 3558:A Historical atlas of South Asia 3555:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). 3396:Hoiberg and Ramchandani (2000). 2943: 2916: 2904: 2535:was the spiritual preceptor and 2169:) and were actively involved in 1857:, Chanda, Buldhana, Narsingpur, 1404: 1277:In 972 A.D., during the rule of 821: 493:in 753 AD. At the same time the 254: 229: 5252:. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. 5154:Hardy (1995), p5 (introduction) 4127: 3389: 2570: 1975:and their loyal feudatory, the 1604:. Under him was the commander ( 618:Branches of Rashtrakuta dynasty 9720:Former countries in South Asia 9674:List of districts in Telangana 6909:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate 5778:Archaeological Survey of India 5476:. Jaipur: Publication Scheme. 5359:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) . 3949:. 2007 Encyclopædia Britannica 3742:(Sastri, 1955, p4, p132, p146) 3635:From the Sanjan inscriptions, 3539:From the Karda inscription, a 2999: 1786:and Berar. Minnagar, Gujarat, 1176:The successor of Govinda III, 520:for the resources of the rich 13: 1: 9715:Empires and kingdoms of India 7990:List of people from Karnataka 5623:. India: Pearsons Education. 5600:Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) . 5451:History of Kannada Literature 5232: 4877:Rajan, K.V. Soundara (1998). 4401:Altekar in Kamath (2001), p92 3702:Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks 3641:. 1996–2006 Kamat's Potpourri 3545:(Altekar in Kamath 2001, p75) 3448:Altekar in Kamath (2001), p72 2482:, a feudatory of Rashtrakuta 2296: 2173:and manning shipping fleets. 2118:, Vaishnavaism and Shaivism. 1897:, sweet clover, flint glass, 1701:or village administered by a 1639:The kingdom was divided into 8448:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema 8086:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award 6803:, Cambridge University Press 6771:, Cambridge University Press 6501:Decline of Buddhism in India 5938:Northern Black Polished Ware 5448:Narasimhacharya, R (1988) . 5363:. Bangalore: Jupiter books. 2740:which was later expanded by 2718:, Jain temples at Lokapura, 2330:. Bilingual writers such as 814: 645:, ancient literature in the 634:(present-day Malkhed in the 7: 8508:Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore 6769:An Introduction to Hinduism 2961: 2844:(astronomy and astrology), 2763: 2377:writers, became famous for 2065:performing such rituals as 1941: 1773:Kashivishvanatha temple at 598:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 429: 10: 9796: 9203:Asaf Jahi dynasty (Nizams) 6792:Hinduism. Past and present 6662:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 6620:Chera Perumals of Makkotai 6012:Rise of Shramana movements 5491:Pollock, Sheldon (2006) . 5429:Masica, Colin P. (1991) . 5331:Houben, Jan E.M. (1996) . 5248:, Anant Sadashiv (1934) . 5086:. Spectrum. Archived from 4821:Narasimhacharya (1988, p18 4705:Warder A.K. (1988), p. 248 3778:Narasimhacharya (1988), p1 3132:Anirudh Kanisetti (2022). 3078:Reu (1933), pp6–9, pp47–53 2574: 2300: 2180: 2176: 1979:, built Jain monuments at 1936: 1814:and Berar and exported to 1762: 1758: 1426:Origin of Karnataka's name 1272: 675:Lattalura Puravaradhiswara 607: 603: 438:ruling large parts of the 36:Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta 9651: 9573: 9515: 9447: 9389: 9211: 9150: 9062: 9047: 8980: 8944: 8841: 8788: 8757: 8574: 8551: 8408: 8380: 8289: 8201: 8189: 8099: 8046: 7998: 7971: 7783: 7770:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 7657: 7554: 7486: 7429: 7381: 7333: 7275: 7262: 7064: 6976: 6886: 6871: 6799:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), 6671: 6568: 6547:Pandyan kingdom (revival) 6532: 6511: 6486: 6458: 6418: 6413: 6354: 6240: 6175: 6133: 6112: 6096: 6085: 6078: 6061: 6045: 6031: 6002: 5995: 5941: 5923: 5920:Painted Grey Ware culture 5905: 5897: 5881: 5857: 5854: 5849: 5836: 5831: 5822: 5424:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 5384:Karmarkar, A.P. (1947) . 5284:De Bruyne, J.L. (1968) . 4858:Narasimhachar (1988), p11 3923:History of Medieval India 3439:) (Kamath 2001, p57, p65) 3197:Banavasi Through the Ages 2953:of Indra Sabha at Ellora. 2408:as the hero. Also called 1751:with 2.5 grains and 1747:weighing 15 grains, 1743:weighing 96 grains, 1739:weighing 48 grains, 1608:), the foreign minister ( 469:, and during the rule of 270: 208: 204: 194: 184: 174: 170: 162: 158: 146: 134: 130: 122: 114: 95: 81: 71: 63: 46: 41: 34: 9409:Cyberabad-Hyderabad West 7765:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 7219:Unification of Karnataka 6767:Flood, Gavin D. (1996), 6356:"Golden Age of Hinduism" 6321:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom 6237:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty 5998:Persian-Greek influences 5816:Middle kingdoms of India 5638:Thapar, Romila (2003) . 5619:Singh, Upinder (2008) . 5431:The Indo-Aryan Languages 5420:Majumdar, R.C. (1966) . 5316:. Abhinav Publications. 5126:Sundara and Rajashekar, 4791:Warder A.K. (1988), p240 4278:Altekar (1934), p370–371 4248:Altekar (1934), p358–359 4124:Majumdar (1966), pp50–51 4040:India: The Ancient Past: 3993:Kamath (2001), pp100–103 3921:Chandra, Satish (2009). 3219:C.V. Vaidya (1924), p171 3035:The Rise and Decline of 2993: 2926:, is one of the largest 2714:), Someshwara temple at 2437:Bhuvanaika-ramaabhyudaya 2311:Jain Narayana temple at 2187:Chronicles mention more 1996:Prashnottara Ratnamalika 1632:, administered Edathore 1612:) and a prime minister ( 1518:Unification of Karnataka 1211:Prashnottara Ratnamalika 473:, it overthrew Chalukya 461:The Elichpur clan was a 9256:Jayashankar Bhupalpally 8891:Western Chalukya Empire 7985:Karnataka ethnic groups 7923:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III 6790:Michaels, Axel (2004), 6488:Late-Classical Hinduism 5736:Dynasties of the Deccan 5681:. Motilal Banarsidass. 5679:Indian Kavya Literature 5422:The Struggle for Empire 5293:Dalby, Andrew (2004) . 5208:Rice, B.L. (1897), p497 5080:"Reclaiming past glory" 4879:Rock-cut Temple Styles' 3402:. Students Britannica. 3359:Altekar (1934), pp21–24 2894:style from the Deccan. 2786:With the ending of the 2667:is attributable to the 2490:. He was the author of 1463:Western Chalukya Empire 771:Dantidurga's successor 740:) of Kirtivarman II of 547:and the later kings by 250:Western Chalukya Empire 9575:Municipal corporations 9226:Komaram Bheem Asifabad 5874:Middle Gangetic Plain 5657:Vaidya, C.V. (1979) . 5642:. New Delhi: Penguin. 5604:. New Age Publishers. 5199:Rice, E.P. (1921), p12 5163:Thapar (2002), pp393–4 5128:Arthikaje, Mangalore. 5117:Hardy (1995), p344-345 5051:Arthikaje, Mangalore. 5023:Arthikaje, Mangalore. 4986:Arthikaje, Mangalore. 4958:Arthikaje, Mangalore. 4136:South India and Ceylon 3297:Altekar (1934), p411–3 3069:Altekar (1934), pp1–32 2899:Kailasa temple, Ellora 2783: 2660: 2586: 2459: 2433:Ubhaya Kavichakravathi 2319: 2303:Rashtrakuta literature 1778: 1610:Mahakshapataladhikrita 1508:Nayakas of Chitradurga 689:, the tribes from the 196:• Disestablished 9770:982 disestablishments 9745:10th century in India 9730:History of Marathwada 8931:Sultanate of Golconda 8911:Eastern Ganga dynasty 8871:Vishnukundina dynasty 8418:Alluri Sitharama Raju 7254:Western Ganga dynasty 6403:Western Ganga Dynasty 6270: 1st century BCE 6258:Early Pandyan kingdom 6223: 2nd century BCE 6183:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE) 6177:Preclassical Hinduism 6158:Early Pandyan kingdom 6130: 3rd century BCE 6075: 4th century BCE 6042: 5th century BCE 5952: 6th century BCE 5877:Lower Gangetic Plain 5865:Upper Gangetic Plain 5312:Hardy, Adam (1995) . 3847:Sen (1999), pp373-374 3834:From the writings of 3626:Kamath 2001, MCC, p76 3377:Masica (1991), p45-46 3315:Sen (1999), pp380-381 3092:Kamath (2001), p72–74 2771: 2651: 2584: 2575:Further information: 2453: 2364:Western Ganga dynasty 2354:is a guide to poets ( 2310: 1977:Western Ganga Dynasty 1810:were manufactured in 1772: 1279:Khottiga Amoghavarsha 1237:and then invaded the 1191:Western Ganga dynasty 608:Further information: 489:, rising to power in 82:Common languages 9740:9th century in India 9735:8th century in India 9231:Bhadradri Kothagudem 8828:Wildlife sanctuaries 8498:Parvathipuram Manyam 8340:Rose-ringed parakeet 8076:Rajyotsava Prashasti 7943:K. S. Narasimhaswamy 6753:Michaels (2004) p.41 6744:Michaels (2004) p.40 6726:Michaels (2004) p.39 6708:Michaels (2004) p.39 6645:Kamboja-Pala dynasty 6277: 1st century CE 5711:History of karnataka 5562:Rice, B.L. (2001) . 5543:Rice, E.P. (1982) . 5401:Keay, John (2000) . 5350:Jain, K.C. (2001) . 5226:Altekar (1934), p408 5217:Altekar (1934), p404 4687:Altekar (1934), p351 4675:Altekar (1934), p350 4666:Altekar (1934), p349 4648:Altekar (1934), p345 4621:Altekar (1934), p341 4558:Altekar (1934), p329 4504:Altekar (1934), p318 4353:Altekar (1934), p242 4326:Altekar (1934), p222 4296:Altekar (1934), p213 4287:Altekar (1934), p223 4269:Altekar (1934), p368 4260:Altekar (1934), p230 4239:Altekar (1934), p358 4221:Altekar (1934), p355 4212:Altekar (1934), p354 4200:Altekar (1934), p356 4140:University of Madras 4097:Jain (2001), pp67–75 3911:Sen 1999), pp374-375 2911:Interior and arcades 2816:of later centuries. 2814:devotional movements 2800:language formed the 2017:'s followers of the 1755:of 1.25 grain. 1693:looked after by the 1488:Sultanate of Bijapur 1398:History of Karnataka 1092:class=notpageimage| 511:Silsilat al-Tawarikh 9705:Rashtrakuta dynasty 8936:Vijayanagara Empire 8866:Salankayana dynasty 8300:Maa Telugu Thalliki 7963:G. S. Shivarudrappa 7933:Gopalakrishna Adiga 7584:Chitrakala Parishat 7511:Dams and reservoirs 7383:Kalaburagi division 7224:Vijayanagara Empire 7199:Rashtrakuta dynasty 7114:Chitradurga Nayakas 6900:Emblem of Karnataka 6604:Rashtrakuta dynasty 6056:Shaishunaga dynasty 6006:Second Urbanisation 5851:Indo-Gangetic Plain 5514:. Sahitya Akademi. 5190:Sastri (1955), p355 5181:Vaidya (1924), p170 5172:Thapar (2002), p396 5108:Hardy (1995), p.341 4833:Sastri (1955), p314 4803:Sastri (1955), p356 4134:Pillay, K. (1963). 3984:Kamath (2001), p101 3825:Sastri (1955), p161 3769:Sastri (1955), p145 3689:Sastri (1955), p144 3637:Dr. Jyotsna Kamat. 3482:Sastri (1955), p143 3466:Thapar (2003), p333 3457:Sastri (1955), p141 3399:Rashtrakuta Dynasty 3006:Keay, John (2000). 2397:Vikramarjuna Vijaya 2008:Ganita Sarasangraha 1478:Vijayanagara Empire 1221:During the rule of 1122:Alexander the Great 636:Kalaburagi district 626:in the 2nd century 582:Kailasanatha Temple 554:During their rule, 518:tripartite struggle 440:Indian subcontinent 286:Rashtrakuta dynasty 186:• Established 18:Rashtrakuta dynasty 9760:753 establishments 9750:Medieval Karnataka 9710:Dynasties of India 9643:Meerpet–Jillelguda 9301:Medchal-Malkajgiri 8896:Rashtrakuta Empire 8851:Satavahana dynasty 8364:Banginapalli Mango 7873:Nijaguna Shivayogi 7277:Bangalore division 6735:Hiltebeitel (2002) 6717:Hiltebeitel (2002) 6415:Hephthalite Empire 6251:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 6242:Satavahana dynasty 6228:Indo-Greek Kingdom 6151:(300 BCE – 200 CE) 6142:Satavahana dynasty 6115:Spread of Buddhism 5837:Northwestern India 5732:"The Rashtrakutas" 5717:on 4 November 2006 5707:"The Rashtrakutas" 5545:Kannada Literature 5136:on 4 November 2006 5059:on 4 November 2006 5031:on 4 November 2006 5012:Kamath (2001), p93 4994:on 4 November 2006 4966:on 4 November 2006 4947:Hardy (1995), p327 4867:Hardy (1995), p111 4719:Kamath (2001), p89 4431:Kamath (2001), p91 4392:Kamath (2001), p92 4191:Kamath (2001), p88 4173:Kamath (2001), p86 4026:Kamath (2001), p94 4002:Reu (1933), p39–41 3856:Kamath (2001), p82 3838:(Kamath 2001, p81) 3792:Kamath (2001), p90 3598:(Kamath 2001, p76) 3590:Modern Morkhandi ( 3306:Dalby (1998), p300 3285:Houben(1996), p215 3273:Pollock 2006, p332 3261:Kamath (2001), p73 3182:Singh (2008), p556 3173:Kamath 2001, p72–3 3119:Reu (1933), pp1–15 3110:Kamath (2001), p72 2784: 2661: 2611:Kailasanath Temple 2587: 2493:Yasastilaka champu 2476:Ganitasarasangraha 2460: 2383:(941). Written in 2320: 2283:Atakur inscription 2081:copper plate grant 1889:wines, tin, lead, 1779: 1714:Sthirabhuta Kataka 1468:Southern Kalachuri 1458:Rashtrakuta Empire 781:Dhruva Dharavarsha 614:Carnatic expansion 503:Prathihara dynasty 454:and the rulers of 448:copper plate grant 319:Dhruva Dharavarsha 9692: 9691: 9399:Hyderabad central 9178:Western Chalukyas 8996: 8995: 8886:Eastern Chalukyas 8137: 8136: 8081:Jakanachari Award 7918:Shishunala Sharif 7629:Togalu gombeyaata 7482: 7481: 7335:Belagavi division 7179:Kingdom of Mysore 7159:Kalyani Chalukyas 6968:Southern birdwing 6822: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6654:Eastern Chalukyas 6650:Kalyani Chalukyas 6608:Eastern Chalukyas 6597:Gurjara-Pratihara 6590: 9th century 6575:Eastern Chalukyas 6558: 8th century 6543:Eastern Chalukyas 6529:Mlechchha dynasty 6508: 7th century 6490:(ca. CE 650-1100) 6437: 6th century 6410: 5th century 6370: 4th century 6316: 3rd century 6304: 2nd century 6214:Mahayana Buddhism 6181:"Hindu Synthesis" 6048:Persian conquests 5933:Shramanic culture 5869:Ganga-Yamuna doab 5630:978-81-317-1120-0 5078:Vijapur, Raju S. 4956:Vincent Smith in 4734:978-0-12-397913-1 4050:978-0-415-35615-2 4014:Keay (2000), p200 3947:"Amoghavarsha IV" 3932:978-81-250-3226-7 3662:Keay (2000), p199 3639:"The Rashrakutas" 3409:978-0-85229-760-5 3249:in Reu (1933), p6 3143:978-93-91165-0-55 2973:Kalyani Chalukyas 2742:Kalyani Chalukyas 2085:Parama Maheshwara 1973:Bagalkot district 1677:, besides ruling 1602:Panchamahashabdas 1598:Mahasandhivigrahi 1593: 1592: 1503:Nayakas of Keladi 1493:Kingdom of Mysore 1483:Bahmani Sultanate 1371:Rajadhiraja Chola 1361:of Mandore (near 1308:Western Chalukyas 1195:Eastern Chalukyas 801:Eastern Chalukyas 481:region in modern 446:is a 7th-century 417: 416: 280: 279: 266: 265: 262: 261: 242: 241: 16:(Redirected from 9787: 9638:Bandlaguda Jagir 9391:Commissionerates 9341:Rajanna Sircilla 9261:Jogulamba Gadwal 9188:Musunuri Nayakas 9035: 9034: 9033: 9023: 9016: 9009: 9000: 8999: 8990:India portal 8988: 8987: 8986: 8921:Musunuri Nayakas 8901:Kakatiya dynasty 8876:Chalukya dynasty 8176: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8141: 8140: 8091:Kempegowda Award 8071:Basava Puraskara 8066:Nrupatunga Award 7938:V. Seetharamaiah 7759: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7708:Western Chalukya 7703: 7696: 7689: 7682: 7675: 7649:Mysore musicians 7579:Channapatna toys 7496:Cities and towns 7449:Dakshina Kannada 7273: 7272: 7239:Veera Ballala II 7174:Kittur Chennamma 7134:Kingdom of Coorg 7109:Chalukya dynasty 6859: 6849: 6842: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6804: 6795: 6786: 6777:Hiltebeitel, Alf 6772: 6754: 6751: 6745: 6742: 6736: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6718: 6715: 6709: 6706: 6700: 6697: 6691: 6688: 6539:Badami Chalukyas 6534:Adivasi (tribes) 6524:Empire of Harsha 6520:Vakataka dynasty 6473:Kalabhra dynasty 6469:Badami Chalukyas 6460:Adivasi (tribes) 6429:Kalabhra dynasty 6395:Kalabhra dynasty 6391:Andhra Ikshvakus 6358:(ca. CE 320-650) 6342:Adivasi (tribes) 6210:Smarta Tradition 6063:Adivasi (tribes) 5978:Adivasi (tribes) 5834:cultural period 5829: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5730:Kamat, Jyotsna. 5726: 5724: 5722: 5692: 5670: 5653: 5634: 5615: 5596: 5577: 5558: 5539: 5533: 5525: 5506: 5487: 5465: 5444: 5425: 5416: 5403:India: A History 5397: 5380: 5355: 5346: 5327: 5308: 5289: 5280: 5261: 5227: 5224: 5218: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5182: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5164: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5109: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4954: 4948: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4850: 4840: 4834: 4831: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4792: 4789: 4783: 4772: 4766: 4759: 4753: 4742: 4736: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4706: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4420: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4249: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4201: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4165: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4116: 4115:De Bruyne (1968) 4113: 4107: 4106:Reu (1933), p112 4104: 4098: 4095: 4089: 4088:Reu (1933), p110 4086: 4080: 4079:Reu (1933), p113 4077: 4071: 4070:Reu (1933), p100 4068: 4062: 4059: 4053: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4015: 4012: 4003: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3793: 3790: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3720:Sen (1999), p371 3718: 3712: 3709: 3703: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3552: 3546: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3521:Sen (1999), p370 3519: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3491:Sen (1999), p368 3489: 3483: 3480: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3339: 3336: 3330: 3327: 3316: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3286: 3283: 3274: 3271: 3262: 3259: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3202: 3200: 3192: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3129: 3120: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3024: 3023: 3009:India: A History 3003: 2988:Prithvi-vallabha 2947: 2920: 2908: 2797:Kannada language 2720:Navalinga temple 2696:Kashivishvanatha 2369:The Jain writer 2111:, the sun god). 1981:Shravanabelagola 1585: 1578: 1571: 1408: 1385: 1384: 1304:Shravanabelagola 1296:Bijapur district 1235:Kingdom of Malwa 1086: 1084: 1075: 1073: 1066: 1064: 1057: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1035: 1033: 1022: 1020: 1011: 1009: 1000: 998: 991: 989: 980: 978: 971: 969: 960: 958: 951: 949: 942: 940: 933: 931: 924: 922: 915: 913: 906: 904: 897: 895: 886: 884: 877: 875: 866: 864: 855: 853: 846: 844: 835: 833: 825: 738:Badami Chalukyas 698:Kannada language 659:—Solar line and 539:in the north to 467:Badami Chalukyas 432: 375:Amoghavarsha III 282: 281: 258: 257: 246: 245: 237:Chalukya dynasty 233: 232: 226: 225: 210: 209: 56: 51: 32: 31: 21: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9784: 9725:Hindu dynasties 9695: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9647: 9569: 9511: 9443: 9385: 9207: 9146: 9115:Telugu language 9058: 9043: 9031: 9029: 9027: 8997: 8992: 8984: 8982: 8976: 8940: 8916:Gajapati Empire 8906:Velanati Chodas 8881:Pallava dynasty 8856:Andhra Ikshvaku 8837: 8784: 8753: 8570: 8547: 8404: 8376: 8348:Great Snakehead 8285: 8197: 8185: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8138: 8133: 8095: 8056:Karnataka Ratna 8042: 7994: 7967: 7903:Jagannatha Dasa 7818:Devar Dasimayya 7779: 7755: 7748: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7685: 7678: 7671: 7653: 7550: 7478: 7431:Mysore division 7425: 7377: 7329: 7325:Chikkaballapura 7290:Bangalore Rural 7285:Bangalore Urban 7258: 7249:Vikramaditya VI 7244:Vikramaditya II 7169:Shivappa Nayaka 7154:Kadamba dynasty 7060: 6972: 6882: 6867: 6853: 6823: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6757: 6752: 6748: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6730: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6698: 6694: 6689: 6685: 6675: 6664: 6660: 6658:Medieval Cholas 6656: 6652: 6643: 6618: 6616:Medieval Cholas 6614: 6612:Pandyan kingdom 6610: 6606: 6581: 6579:Pandyan kingdom 6577: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6522: 6499: 6493:Advaita Vedanta 6491: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6444: 6431: 6427: 6401: 6399:Kadamba Dynasty 6397: 6393: 6384: 6363: 6359: 6331:Western Satraps 6293:Kuninda Kingdom 6285: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6250: 6244: 6235: 6212: 6184: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6150: 6144: 6081:Greek conquests 6014: 6010: 5936: 5930: 5918: 5912: 5866: 5838: 5833: 5818: 5813: 5774: 5769: 5760: 5758: 5740: 5738: 5720: 5718: 5695: 5689: 5650: 5631: 5612: 5593: 5574: 5555: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5503: 5484: 5462: 5441: 5413: 5343: 5324: 5305: 5277: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5048: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5007: 4997: 4995: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4857: 4853: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4790: 4786: 4773: 4769: 4760: 4756: 4743: 4739: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4440:Reu (1933), p34 4439: 4435: 4430: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4410:Reu (1933), p36 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4159: 4155: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061:Reu (1933), p93 4060: 4056: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3804:Reu (1933), p38 3803: 3796: 3791: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3680:Reu (1933), p65 3679: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3553: 3549: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3513: 3509:Reu (1933), p62 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3430: 3426: 3422:Reu (1933), p54 3421: 3417: 3410: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3289: 3284: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3260: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3155: 3144: 3130: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3048:Reu (1933), p39 3047: 3043: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2964: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2939: 2921: 2912: 2909: 2766: 2758:Karnata dravida 2681:Ardhanarishvara 2630:Karnata Dravida 2579: 2573: 2565:Parshvabhyudaya 2521:Damayanti Katha 2462:Prose works in 2305: 2299: 2185: 2179: 2096:(also known as 2057:plates of King 1944: 1939: 1767: 1761: 1673:headed several 1647:(provinces). A 1589: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1498:Hyderabad State 1473:Hoysala Kingdom 1453:Chalukya Empire 1439: 1431: 1430: 1416: 1383: 1341:(757–888), the 1275: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 996: 994: 992: 987: 985: 983: 981: 976: 974: 972: 967: 965: 963: 961: 956: 954: 952: 947: 945: 943: 938: 936: 934: 929: 927: 925: 920: 918: 916: 911: 909: 907: 902: 900: 898: 893: 891: 889: 887: 882: 880: 878: 873: 871: 869: 867: 862: 860: 858: 856: 851: 849: 847: 842: 840: 838: 836: 831: 829: 827: 817: 702:Sheldon Pollock 620: 606: 522:Gangetic plains 411: 403: 395: 387: 379: 371: 363: 359:Amoghavarsha II 355: 347: 339: 331: 323: 315: 307: 299: 255: 230: 200:20 March 982 CE 197: 187: 177: 149: 148:• 973–982 137: 136:• 735–756 110: 106: 102: 88: 59: 58: 54: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9793: 9783: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9579: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9555:National Parks 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9521: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9453: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9395: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9217: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9163:Vishnukundinas 9160: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9026: 9025: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8981: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8948: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8861:Ananda Gotrika 8858: 8853: 8847: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8813:National parks 8810: 8805: 8800: 8794: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8769: 8763: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8714:Tadepalligudem 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8599:Chilakaluripet 8596: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8563: 8557: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8518:Sri Sathya Sai 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8397: 8395:Coastal Andhra 8392: 8386: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8366: 8361: 8358: 8353: 8350: 8345: 8342: 8337: 8334: 8329: 8326: 8321: 8318: 8313: 8310: 8305: 8302: 8297: 8293: 8291: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8183:Andhra Pradesh 8167: 8166: 8159: 8152: 8144: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8105: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8023:National parks 8020: 8015: 8010: 8004: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7981: 7979: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7958:D. V. Gundappa 7955: 7950: 7948:M. Govinda Pai 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7883:Purandara Dasa 7880: 7878:Ratnakaravarni 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7739: 7732: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7704: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7676: 7663: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7609:Karnatik music 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7560: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7439:Chamarajanagar 7435: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7373:Uttara Kannada 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7281: 7279: 7270: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7234:Vishnuvardhana 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7164:Keladi Nayakas 7161: 7156: 7151: 7149:Hoysala Empire 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7070: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7051:Transportation 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6982: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6949: 6940: 6931: 6922: 6920:Asian elephant 6912: 6911: 6902: 6892: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6852: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6829: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6796: 6787: 6773: 6763: 6756: 6755: 6746: 6737: 6728: 6719: 6710: 6701: 6692: 6682: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6647: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6572: 6567: 6565: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6517: 6515: 6513:Indo-Sassanids 6510: 6504: 6503: 6485: 6477: 6476: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6450: 6448: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6388: 6386:Varman dynasty 6377: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6353: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6287:Indo-Parthians 6283:Indo-Scythians 6279: 6273: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6239: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6174: 6166: 6165: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6102: 6099:HISTORICAL AGE 6094: 6093: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6030: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5973: 5968: 5959: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5940: 5922: 5904: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5862: 5861: 5859:Southern India 5856: 5855:Central India 5853: 5848: 5835: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5812: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5780: 5773: 5772:External links 5770: 5768: 5767: 5747: 5727: 5701: 5694: 5693: 5687: 5671: 5654: 5648: 5635: 5629: 5616: 5610: 5597: 5591: 5578: 5572: 5559: 5553: 5540: 5520: 5507: 5501: 5488: 5482: 5466: 5460: 5445: 5439: 5426: 5417: 5411: 5398: 5381: 5356: 5347: 5341: 5328: 5322: 5309: 5303: 5290: 5281: 5275: 5262: 5241: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5147: 5119: 5110: 5101: 5090:on 18 May 2008 5070: 5042: 5014: 5005: 4977: 4949: 4940: 4925:Takeo Kamiya. 4917: 4902:Takeo Kamiya. 4894: 4887: 4869: 4860: 4851: 4835: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4793: 4784: 4767: 4754: 4737: 4721: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4677: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4551: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4451: 4449:Reu (1933, p34 4442: 4433: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4394: 4382: 4373: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4153: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4028: 4016: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3960: 3938: 3931: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3827: 3815: 3806: 3794: 3780: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3652: 3628: 3619: 3609: 3600: 3596:Bidar district 3583: 3574: 3567: 3547: 3532: 3523: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3424: 3415: 3408: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3340: 3331: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3263: 3251: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3153: 3142: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3101:Reu (1933), p1 3094: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3050: 3041: 3025: 3018: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2924:Kailasa temple 2922: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2903: 2901: 2884:Amoghavarsha I 2880:Madhya Pradesh 2860:(ritual), and 2848:(literature), 2826:Godavari River 2765: 2762: 2636:common to the 2572: 2569: 2541:Amoghavarsha I 2525:Madalasachampu 2498:Nitivakyamrita 2470:, a native of 2468:Mahaviracharya 2445:Gatapratyagata 2441:Jinaksharamale 2348:Amoghavarsha I 2346:(850) by King 2336:Mahaviracharya 2298: 2295: 2178: 2175: 2043:Lakshmi temple 2004:Mahaviracharya 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1861:, Bijapur and 1763:Main article: 1760: 1757: 1707:Prabhu Gavunda 1671:Amoghavarsha I 1630:Amoghavarsha I 1591: 1590: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1573: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1515: 1513:Haleri Kingdom 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1382: 1381:Administration 1379: 1375:Jaffna kingdom 1316:Godavari River 1274: 1271: 1241:region of the 1203:Amoghavarsha I 1178:Amoghavarsha I 1140:, humbled the 1090: 1089: 820: 819: 818: 816: 813: 750:Nandivarman II 722:Andhra Pradesh 605: 602: 568:Amoghavarsha I 475:Kirtivarman II 415: 414: 413: 412: 409: 404: 401: 396: 393: 388: 385: 380: 377: 372: 369: 364: 361: 356: 353: 348: 345: 340: 337: 332: 329: 324: 321: 316: 313: 308: 305: 300: 297: 289: 288: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 264: 263: 260: 259: 252: 243: 240: 239: 234: 222: 221: 216: 206: 205: 202: 201: 198: 195: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 181: 178: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 155: 150: 147: 144: 143: 138: 135: 132: 131: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 97: 93: 92: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 53: 52: 44: 43: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9792: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652:Related lists 9650: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9572: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9446: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9388: 9382: 9381:Y.Bhuvanagiri 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9210: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9149: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9121: 9118: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9024: 9019: 9017: 9012: 9010: 9005: 9004: 9001: 8991: 8979: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945:Related lists 8943: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8840: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8818:Hindu temples 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8744:Visakhapatnam 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8659:Machilipatnam 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8573: 8567: 8566:Visakhapatnam 8564: 8562: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8538:West Godavari 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8528:Visakhapatnam 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8453:East Godavari 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8292: 8288: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8165: 8160: 8158: 8153: 8151: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8028:Hindu temples 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7997: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7833:Allama Prabhu 7831: 7829: 7828:Akka Mahadevi 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7803:Adikavi Pampa 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7758: 7754: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7701:Western Ganga 7698: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7634:Udupi cuisine 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7624:Mysore Dasara 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7589:Gaarudi Gombe 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7564:Bharatanatyam 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7547: 7546:Western Ghats 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7526:Highest point 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7209:Srirangapatna 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7194:Pulakeshin II 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7079:Alupa dynasty 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6965: 6963: 6962:Carnatic carp 6959: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6929:Indian roller 6926: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6888:State symbols 6885: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6850: 6845: 6843: 6838: 6836: 6831: 6830: 6827: 6802: 6797: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6750: 6741: 6732: 6723: 6714: 6705: 6696: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6566: 6564: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6465:Vishnukundina 6463: 6461: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6425:Vishnukundina 6423: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6326:Kushan Empire 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6309:Kushan Empire 6305: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6247:Sangam period 6243: 6238: 6234: 6233:Shunga Empire 6229: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6206:Brahma Sutras 6203: 6202:Bhagavad Gita 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6147:Sangam period 6143: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6136:Maurya Empire 6131: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6082: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6007: 6000: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5928: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5910: 5903: 5902: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5860: 5852: 5846: 5842: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5798: 5796: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5690: 5688:81-208-0450-3 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5651: 5649:0-14-302989-4 5645: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5611:81-224-1198-3 5607: 5603: 5598: 5594: 5592:0-19-560686-8 5588: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5573:81-206-0977-8 5569: 5565: 5560: 5556: 5554:81-206-0063-0 5550: 5546: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5523: 5521:81-260-1194-7 5517: 5513: 5508: 5504: 5502:0-520-24500-8 5498: 5494: 5489: 5485: 5483:81-86782-12-5 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5461:81-206-0303-6 5457: 5453: 5452: 5446: 5442: 5440:0-521-29944-6 5436: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5412:0-8021-3797-0 5408: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5342:90-04-10613-8 5338: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5323:81-7017-312-4 5319: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5304:0-231-11569-5 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5276:81-219-0153-7 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5187: 5178: 5169: 5160: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5114: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5084:Deccan Herald 5081: 5074: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5030: 5026: 5021:Arthikaje in 5018: 5009: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4965: 4961: 4953: 4944: 4928: 4921: 4905: 4898: 4890: 4888:81-7039-218-7 4884: 4880: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4849: 4848:81-7154-255-7 4845: 4839: 4830: 4828: 4818: 4809: 4800: 4798: 4788: 4781: 4777: 4776:Kavirajamarga 4771: 4764: 4763:Kavirajamarga 4758: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4682: 4672: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4546: 4537: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4483: 4474: 4465: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4416: 4407: 4398: 4389: 4387: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4321: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4255: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4207: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4170: 4163: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4011: 4009: 3999: 3990: 3981: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3948: 3942: 3934: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3844: 3837: 3836:Adikavi Pampa 3831: 3822: 3820: 3810: 3801: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3775: 3766: 3757: 3751:Reu 1933, p71 3748: 3741: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3701: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3657: 3640: 3632: 3623: 3613: 3604: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3578: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3544: 3543: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3516: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3419: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3345: 3335: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3292: 3282: 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2060: 2056: 2052: 2051:Hiranyagarbha 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2006:wrote in his 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1963:and a few in 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1527: 1526: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 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692: 691:Punjab region 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 663: 662:Chandra Vamsa 658: 657: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 619: 615: 611: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 574: 573:Kavirajamarga 569: 565: 561: 557: 552: 550: 546: 542: 538: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 431: 425: 421: 408: 405: 400: 397: 392: 389: 384: 381: 376: 373: 368: 365: 360: 357: 352: 349: 344: 341: 336: 333: 328: 325: 320: 317: 312: 309: 304: 301: 296: 293: 292: 291: 290: 287: 284: 283: 276: 273: 271:Today part of 269: 253: 251: 248: 247: 244: 238: 235: 228: 227: 224: 223: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 207: 203: 199: 193: 189: 183: 179: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 154: 151: 145: 142: 139: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 74: 70: 66: 62: 50: 45: 42:753 CE–982 CE 40: 33: 30: 19: 9684:India Portal 9623:Jawaharnagar 9618:Peerzadiguda 9502:Secunderabad 9449:Major cities 9311:Nagarkurnool 9286:Mahabubnagar 9120:Language day 9085:Demographics 9070:Architecture 9053: 8749:Vizianagaram 8674:Narasaraopet 8533:Vizianagaram 8390:North Andhra 8236:Demographics 8192: 8033:Jain temples 7928:D. R. Bendre 7863:Kumara Vyasa 7722:Vijayanagara 7531:Bayalu Seeme 7416:Vijayanagara 7229:Vijayanagara 7184:Mayurasharma 7119:Deva Raya II 7084:Amoghavarsha 6986:Architecture 6877: 6800: 6791: 6781: 6768: 6759: 6758: 6749: 6740: 6731: 6722: 6713: 6704: 6695: 6686: 6678: 6677: 6641:Pala dynasty 6627:10th century 6626: 6589: 6557: 6507: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6436: 6409: 6381:Gupta Empire 6379: 6369: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6315: 6303: 6281: 6276: 6269: 6254:Early Cholas 6245: 6222: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6154:Early Cholas 6145: 6134: 6129: 6120: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6097: 6088:Nanda empire 6086: 6074: 6041: 6032: 6003: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5951: 5942: 5927:Vedic Period 5924: 5909:Vedic Period 5906: 5901:Vedic Period 5898: 5892: 5891: 5882: 5845:Sapta Sindhu 5832:Timeline and 5782: 5759:. Retrieved 5756:Rashtrakutas 5755: 5739:. Retrieved 5735: 5719:. 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EJ Brill. 5140:20 December 5094:27 February 5063:20 December 5035:20 December 4998:20 December 4970:20 December 4933:10 November 4761:It is said 3973:Krishna III 3645:20 December 3592:Mayurkhandi 3433:Karnatabala 3247:J. F. Fleet 2934:located in 2872:Krishna III 2840:(grammar), 2782:, Karnataka 2775:Old Kannada 2592:Maharashtra 2549:Jayadhavala 2484:Krishna III 2402:Mahabharata 2389:tirthankara 2356:Kavishiksha 2328:tirthankars 2079:. An early 1965:Apabhramsha 1777:, Karnataka 1618:Purnamathya 1606:Dandanayaka 1335:Rajadhiraja 1259:Krishna III 1187:feudatories 1130:Mahabharata 1102:Govinda III 718:Maharashtra 671:Rashtrakuta 656:Surya Vamsa 590:Maharashtra 541:Kanyakumari 491:South India 444:inscription 420:Rashtrakuta 383:Krishna III 327:Govinda III 214:Preceded by 9699:Categories 9603:Ramagundam 9588:Karimnagar 9565:Waterfalls 9482:Ramagundam 9477:Karimnagar 9429:Ramagundam 9414:Karimnagar 9371:Wanaparthy 9351:Sangareddy 9336:Peddapalli 9291:Mancherial 9271:Karimnagar 9236:Hanamkonda 9198:Qutb Shahi 9105:Government 8833:Waterfalls 8739:Vijayawada 8709:Srikakulam 8594:Bhimavaram 8561:Vijayawada 8553:Metropolis 8513:Srikakulam 8423:Anakapalli 8221:Government 8124:Television 8114:Newspapers 8038:Waterfalls 7848:Raghavanka 7838:Siddharama 7673:Milestones 7659:Literature 7644:Yakshagana 7594:Ilkal sari 7401:Kalaburagi 7300:Davanagere 7189:Pattadakal 7006:Demography 6947:Sandalwood 6679:References 6632:Ghaznavids 6442:Nezak Huns 5761:3 February 5741:3 February 5233:References 3568:0226742210 3435:(power of 3019:0802137970 2983:Pattadakal 2888:Nalachampu 2878:in modern 2736:temple at 2730:, and the 2700:Pattadakal 2642:Pattadakal 2561:Harivamsha 2557:Adipurana, 2517:Nalachampu 2488:Vemulavada 2418:Vemulawada 2313:Pattadakal 2301:See also: 2297:Literature 2287:hero stone 2197:Indologist 2181:See also: 2077:Agnishtoma 2059:Govinda IV 1923:crown land 1883:betel nuts 1859:Ahmadnagar 1820:Byzantines 1775:Pattadakal 1723:) such as 1703:Gramapathi 1655:. Under a 1530:Categories 1327:Manyakheta 1300:Sallekhana 1292:Tailapa II 1255:Govinda IV 1223:Krishna II 1182:Manyakheta 1110:Dharmapala 1029:Aboriginal 988:PRATIHARAS 830:South Asia 793:Pratiharas 726:Dantidurga 707:Kannadigas 632:Manyakheta 594:Pattadakal 588:in modern 526:Manyakheta 507:Gurjaratra 487:Manyakheta 471:Dantidurga 430:rāṣṭrakūṭa 367:Govinda IV 343:Krishna II 311:Govinda II 295:Dantidurga 141:Dantidurga 115:Government 76:Manyakheta 9633:Badangpet 9598:Nizamabad 9583:Hyderabad 9467:Nizamabad 9457:Hyderabad 9424:Nizamabad 9366:Vikarabad 9331:Nizamabad 9266:Kamareddy 9241:Hyderabad 9213:Districts 9183:Kakatiyas 9168:Chalukyas 9151:Dynasties 9100:Geography 9095:Education 9055:Hyderabad 9041:Telangana 8759:Transport 8719:Tadipatri 8699:Proddatur 8694:Palakollu 8589:Anantapur 8433:Annamayya 8428:Anantapur 8410:Districts 8332:Blackbuck 8316:Kuchipudi 8281:Transport 8256:Education 8216:Geography 8194:Amaravati 8191:Capital: 8119:Magazines 7908:Lakshmisa 7868:Chamarasa 7808:Sri Ponna 7775:Karnataka 7639:Veeragase 7574:Bidriware 7569:Buta Kola 7501:Districts 7488:Geography 7268:divisions 7264:Districts 7124:Durvinita 7099:Balligavi 7026:Geography 7021:Folk arts 7016:Education 6978:Overviews 6879:Bengaluru 6865:Karnataka 6583:Kalachuri 6375:Kidarites 5677:(1988) . 5530:cite book 5335:. Brill. 4148:250247191 3542:digvijaya 2838:Vyakarana 2793:Tamilakam 2692:Karnataka 2677:Sadashiva 2669:Kalachuri 2665:Elephanta 2658:Karnataka 2634:Shikharas 2529:Saraswati 2425:Sri Ponna 2380:Adipurana 2360:Durvinita 2317:Karnataka 2279:Devadasis 2205:Kshatriya 2193:Al-Biruni 2128:Balligavi 2023:Vaishnava 1914:Saundatti 1903:Gadyanaka 1812:Burhanpur 1741:Gadyanaka 1721:Akkashale 1695:Nadugowda 1614:Mahamatya 1554:Societies 1549:Economies 1351:Rajasthan 1347:Saundatti 1331:Al-Masudi 1231:Indra III 1165:and from 1138:Gangavadi 1043:CALIPHATE 957:SAINDAVAS 894:CHALUKYAS 815:Expansion 773:Krishna I 766:Srisailam 714:Karnataka 679:Kannadiga 578:Dravidian 483:Karnataka 463:feudatory 452:Achalapur 351:Indra III 303:Krishna I 96:Religion 9628:Nizampet 9613:Boduppal 9608:Warangal 9525:Churches 9507:Suryapet 9497:Adilabad 9492:Nalgonda 9462:Warangal 9439:Warangal 9434:Siddipet 9376:Warangal 9361:Suryapet 9356:Siddipet 9316:Nalgonda 9221:Adilabad 9193:Bahmanis 9127:Politics 8926:Bahmanis 8823:Churches 8780:Seaports 8775:Roadways 8771:Railways 8767:Airports 8729:Tirupati 8649:Kakinada 8639:Hindupur 8629:Guntakal 8624:Gudivada 8604:Chittoor 8523:Tirupati 8503:Prakasam 8468:Kakinada 8443:Chittoor 8304:Language 8251:Politics 8226:Language 7913:Sarvajna 7843:Harihara 7736:Haridasa 7687:Medieval 7536:Malenadu 7521:Villages 7348:Belagavi 7343:Bagalkot 7315:Tumakuru 7204:Sringeri 7129:Halebidu 7094:Banavasi 7056:Wildlife 6966:Insect: 6779:(2002), 6453:Maitraka 6338:kingdom 6336:Kamarupa 6194:Ramayana 6020:Buddhism 5966:Panchala 5957:Gandhara 5917:culture) 5884:IRON AGE 5369:80905179 4910:18 April 4750:Chattana 4162:Shasanas 4038:(2007), 3953:25 April 3149:peoples. 3037:Buddhism 2962:See also 2951:Shikhara 2930:ancient 2928:rock-cut 2876:Jabalpur 2842:Jyotisha 2824:and the 2810:ghatikas 2764:Language 2754:Halebidu 2746:Hoysalas 2728:Gulbarga 2673:Nataraja 2623:Parvathi 2553:Virasena 2533:Jinasena 2472:Gulbarga 2464:Sanskrit 2414:Chalukya 2258:immolate 2226:Antyajas 2201:Brahmins 2163:Mappilas 2120:Buddhism 2073:Vajapeya 2068:Rajasuya 2063:Brahmins 2061:mention 2047:Kolhapur 2015:Hinduism 2000:Mahavira 1992:Jinasena 1957:Sanskrit 1942:Religion 1899:antimony 1871:Golconda 1851:Cudappah 1824:Khazaria 1806:. White 1800:Warangal 1784:Khandesh 1689:was the 1683:Rashtras 1679:Banavasi 1675:Rashtras 1653:Rashtras 1645:Rashtras 1626:Rajneeti 1444:Kadambas 1438:Polities 1390:a series 1388:Part of 1367:Rathores 1359:Rathores 1355:Jabalpur 1314: – 1142:Pallavas 1108:Emperor 1081:CALIPHAL 1017:RASHTRA- 930:KAMARUPA 883:PALLAVAS 852:KALINGAS 795:and the 734:Elichpur 732:(modern 564:Sanskrit 545:Hinduism 501:and the 479:Gulbarga 407:Indra IV 399:Karka II 391:Khottiga 153:Indra IV 118:Monarchy 108:Buddhism 100:Hinduism 90:Sanskrit 9593:Khammam 9545:Mosques 9540:Temples 9517:Tourism 9472:Khammam 9419:Khammam 9276:Khammam 9251:Jangaon 9246:Jagtial 9142:Tourism 9110:History 9090:Economy 9080:Culture 9075:Cuisine 9050:Capital 8843:History 8790:Tourism 8679:Nellore 8669:Nandyal 8654:Kurnool 8493:Palnadu 8483:Nandyal 8478:Kurnool 8473:Krishna 8438:Bapatla 8382:Regions 8356:Jasmine 8324:Kabaddi 8290:Symbols 8271:Tourism 8261:Cuisine 8246:Economy 8241:Culture 8211:History 8008:Beaches 8000:Tourism 7977:society 7953:Kuvempu 7729:Vachana 7715:Hoysala 7667:Kannada 7604:Kannada 7599:Kamsale 7556:Culture 7411:Raichur 7391:Ballari 7358:Dharwad 7353:Bijapur 7310:Shimoga 7139:Halmidi 7066:History 7031:History 7011:Economy 7001:Cuisine 6996:Climate 6874:Capital 6760:Sources 6551:Pallava 6482:Culture 6361:Puranas 6350:Culture 6190:Puranas 6171:Culture 6108:Culture 6024:Ājīvika 6016:Jainism 5991:Culture 5971:Magadha 5893:Culture 5667:6814734 5394:8221605 5377:7796041 5258:3793499 5246:Altekar 4780:Kannada 4746:Bedande 3437:Karnata 2858:Puranas 2856:(law), 2850:Mimansa 2846:Sahitya 2830:Kannada 2596:Pandyan 2545:Dhavala 2404:, with 2375:Kannada 2323:Kannada 2275:turbans 2209:Vaishya 2177:Society 2167:Moplahs 2151:Masjids 2146:lands. 2140:Islamic 2136:Advaita 2116:Jainism 2033:or god 1989:acharya 1969:Prakrit 1961:Kannada 1953:Jainism 1937:Culture 1907:Ctharna 1887:Italian 1867:Kurnool 1863:Dharwar 1855:Bellary 1808:calicos 1804:Bharoch 1792:Paithan 1759:Economy 1749:Manjati 1737:Kalanju 1729:Drammas 1725:Suvarna 1687:Vishaya 1667:Rashtra 1662:Vishaya 1657:Rashtra 1649:Rashtra 1641:Mandala 1634:Vishaya 1365:), the 1363:Jodhpur 1339:Gujarat 1273:Decline 1171:Bharuch 1167:Banaras 1163:Kannauj 1154:Pandyas 1134:Kaushal 1116:of the 1063:ZUNBILS 1041:ABBASID 997:KANNAUJ 986:GURJARA 948:CHAVDAS 939:KASHMIR 903:PANDYAS 892:EASTERN 872:BHAUMA- 841:TIBETAN 809:Talakad 758:Kalinga 752:regain 746:Pallava 687:Maratha 651:Kannada 604:History 560:Kannada 549:Jainism 465:of the 456:Kannauj 436:dynasty 410:973–982 402:972–973 394:967–972 386:939–967 378:936–939 370:930–936 362:929–930 354:914–929 346:878–914 338:814–878 330:793–814 322:780–793 314:774–780 306:756–774 298:735–756 163:History 123:Emperor 104:Jainism 86:Kannada 72:Capital 9326:Nirmal 9306:Mulugu 9132:People 9063:Topics 8724:Tenali 8689:Ongole 8684:Nuzvid 8644:Kadapa 8634:Guntur 8614:Kadiri 8576:Cities 8463:Guntur 8352:Flower 8328:Animal 8308:Telugu 8276:Sports 8266:Cinema 8231:People 8203:Topics 8177: 8109:Cinema 8048:Awards 7973:People 7823:Basava 7757:Modern 7743:Mysore 7619:Khedda 7614:Kasuti 7541:Kanara 7516:Taluks 7506:Rivers 7469:Mysore 7464:Mandya 7459:Kodagu 7454:Hassan 7421:Yadgir 7406:Koppal 7363:Haveri 7089:Badami 7074:Aihole 7046:Sports 7041:People 6991:Cinema 6960:Fish: 6934:Flower 6916:Animal 6896:Emblem 6699:Samuel 6690:Samuel 6497:Tantra 6262:Cheras 6162:Cheras 6068:Assaka 5983:Assaka 5915:Srauta 5841:Punjab 5685: 5665: 5646: 5627: 5608: 5589: 5570: 5551: 5518: 5499: 5480: 5458: 5437: 5409: 5392: 5375: 5367: 5339: 5320: 5301: 5273: 5256: 4885: 4846: 4732: 4146: 4048: 3929: 3565: 3406: 3140: 3016: 2978:Kuknur 2936:Ellora 2892:champu 2780:Kuknur 2724:Kuknur 2708:Aihole 2704:UNESCO 2654:Kuknur 2638:Nagara 2615:Ravana 2607:Ellora 2603:Ellora 2502:champu 2406:Arjuna 2385:champu 2291:virgal 2245:Shudra 2217:Zakaya 2215:. The 2213:Sudras 2189:castes 2159:Nagore 2124:Dambal 2102:Manasa 2094:Latana 2055:Cambay 2039:Sanjan 2037:. The 2031:Vishnu 2027:Shakta 2019:Shaiva 1895:storax 1875:Mysore 1840:Gangas 1828:Arabia 1816:Persia 1796:Muslin 1788:Ujjain 1733:grains 1659:was a 1448:Gangas 1415:Topics 1392:on the 1343:Rattas 1287:Siyaka 1281:, the 1247:Jamuna 1243:Ganges 1227:Deccan 1216:Ashoka 1150:Ceylon 1126:Arjuna 1118:Ganges 1031:tribes 1008:EMPIRE 977:ALUPAS 966:SHILA- 921:CHERAS 912:CHOLAS 863:CHURIS 843:EMPIRE 832:800 CE 805:Gangas 777:Konkan 762:Kosala 754:Kanchi 742:Badami 685:, the 624:Ashoka 616:, and 586:Ellora 499:Bengal 190:753 CE 180:753 CE 166: 126: 67:Empire 64:Status 55: 9550:Lakes 9535:Forts 9296:Medak 9037:State 8808:Lakes 8803:Forts 8619:Eluru 8584:Adoni 8458:Eluru 8360:Fruit 8320:Sport 8312:Dance 8179:State 8129:Radio 8101:Media 8018:Forts 7858:Janna 7813:Ranna 7793:Asaga 7680:Epics 7474:Udupi 7396:Bidar 7368:Gadag 7305:Kolar 7144:Hampi 7104:Belur 7036:Media 6956:Mango 6952:Fruit 6938:Lotus 6861:State 6186:Epics 5925:Late 5907:Late 5899:Late 5238:Books 3740:Indra 3162:Berar 2994:Notes 2968:Gadag 2867:Kavya 2862:Nyaya 2806:marga 2750:Belur 2738:Gadag 2716:Sogal 2712:Hooli 2619:Shiva 2332:Asaga 2270:dhoti 2241:Vedic 2221:Lahud 2148:Jumma 2109:Surya 2035:Shiva 1891:topaz 1844:Thana 1836:betel 1832:Egypt 1753:Akkam 1699:Grama 1542:Forts 1320:Vengi 1285:King 1283:Malwa 1251:Vengi 1180:made 1146:Vengi 1054:SHAHI 1052:KABUL 1019:KUTAS 968:HARAS 874:KARAS 797:Palas 748:King 730:Berar 683:Reddi 667:Ratta 275:India 9530:Dams 9137:List 8798:Dams 8734:Tuni 8372:Neem 8368:Tree 8344:Fish 8336:Bird 8296:Song 8013:Dams 7975:and 7750:Play 7266:and 6943:Tree 6925:Bird 6905:Song 6028:Yoga 5962:Kuru 5763:2007 5743:2007 5723:2006 5683:ISBN 5663:OCLC 5644:ISBN 5625:ISBN 5606:ISBN 5587:ISBN 5568:ISBN 5549:ISBN 5536:link 5516:ISBN 5497:ISBN 5478:ISBN 5456:ISBN 5435:ISBN 5407:ISBN 5390:OCLC 5373:OCLC 5365:LCCN 5337:ISBN 5318:ISBN 5299:ISBN 5271:ISBN 5254:OCLC 5142:2006 5096:2007 5065:2006 5037:2006 5000:2006 4972:2006 4935:2006 4912:2007 4883:ISBN 4844:ISBN 4748:and 4744:The 4730:ISBN 4459:397) 4144:OCLC 4046:ISBN 3969:fief 3955:2007 3927:ISBN 3884:p83) 3647:2006 3563:ISBN 3404:ISBN 3138:ISBN 3014:ISBN 2834:Veda 2828:as " 2820:the 2802:desi 2752:and 2702:, a 2683:and 2675:and 2621:and 2563:and 2547:and 2537:guru 2443:and 2262:pyre 2254:Sati 2211:and 2157:and 2144:Arab 2126:and 2075:and 2025:and 1983:and 1967:and 1869:and 1830:and 1745:Kasu 1691:Nadu 1446:and 1245:and 1239:doab 1124:and 1106:Pala 1083:SIND 1006:PALA 861:KALA 803:and 787:and 764:and 647:Pali 562:and 556:Jain 537:doab 532:and 424:IAST 9039:of 8543:YSR 8488:NTR 8181:of 6863:of 5698:Web 5470:Reu 3594:in 3058:Reu 2748:at 2722:at 2690:In 2539:of 2486:in 2219:or 2134:'s 2045:at 1705:or 1643:or 1616:or 1357:), 1345:of 1265:to 1169:to 1161:to 1136:), 1128:of 807:of 628:BCE 584:at 505:of 497:of 9701:: 9052:: 6954:: 6945:: 6936:: 6927:: 6918:: 6907:: 6898:: 6876:: 6495:- 6208:- 6204:- 6200:- 6196:- 6192:- 6188:- 6179:- 6083:) 6050:) 6026:- 6022:- 6018:- 5871:) 5847:) 5754:. 5734:. 5709:. 5532:}} 5528:{{ 5371:. 5082:. 4826:^ 4796:^ 4710:^ 4680:^ 4424:^ 4385:^ 4319:^ 4253:^ 4205:^ 4142:. 4138:. 4019:^ 4007:^ 3818:^ 3797:^ 3783:^ 3655:^ 3514:^ 3471:^ 3343:^ 3320:^ 3290:^ 3278:^ 3266:^ 3254:^ 3187:^ 3146:. 3124:^ 3083:^ 3028:^ 2836:, 2656:, 2617:, 2567:. 2523:, 2496:, 2439:, 2366:. 2315:, 2289:, 2207:, 2203:, 2100:, 2071:, 2021:, 1959:, 1893:, 1853:, 1826:, 1822:, 1818:, 1790:, 1735:, 1727:, 1709:. 1636:. 1173:. 768:. 760:, 716:, 681:, 673:, 669:, 612:, 600:. 566:. 551:. 426:: 9022:e 9015:t 9008:v 8163:e 8156:t 8149:v 6848:e 6841:t 6834:v 6079:( 6046:( 6008:" 6004:" 5964:- 5935:) 5931:( 5913:( 5867:( 5843:- 5839:( 5808:e 5801:t 5794:v 5765:. 5745:. 5725:. 5691:. 5669:. 5652:. 5633:. 5614:. 5595:. 5576:. 5557:. 5538:) 5524:. 5505:. 5486:. 5464:. 5443:. 5415:. 5396:. 5379:. 5345:. 5326:. 5307:. 5279:. 5260:. 5144:. 5098:. 5067:. 5039:. 5002:. 4974:. 4937:. 4914:. 4891:. 4150:. 3957:. 3935:. 3649:. 3571:. 3412:. 3022:. 2938:. 2285:( 2165:( 1584:e 1577:t 1570:v 422:( 20:)

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