1095:
197:
1328:. Unbeknown to the Indonesians, Dutch Signals Intelligence had been able to intercept Indonesian communications, allowing Dutch forces to successfully anticipate Indonesia's infiltration attempts throughout 1962. Forced to regroup, the Indonesians relaunched their campaign of infiltrations in March 1962. In the coming months over 500 Indonesian paratroops and special forces were covertly inserted into Dutch New Guinea, only to be decisively defeated by Dutch forces with the assistance of the indigenous population.
170:
639:
318:
671:
600:
809:
Dutch first divided Papua into two afdeelings: Afdeeling Noord-Nieuw-Guinea (Manokwari), and
Afdeeling West-En-Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea (Fakfak), both led by controleurs under the Residentie Ternate. The afdeelings were led by controleurs normally responsible for onderafdeeling instead of the usual asistent-resident due to newly established nature of the land. The colonial government set Tanjung Goede Hoop or Jamoer Seba (Yamursba) as the boundary of the two afdeeling
1257:
177:
1415:
38:
883:, through familial relations with local rulers, although Tidore never exercised actual control over the interior and highlands of New Guinea. In 1872, Tidore recognised Dutch sovereignty and granted permission to the Kingdom of the Netherlands to establish administration in its territories whenever the Netherlands Indies authorities would want to do so. This allowed the Netherlands to legitimise a claim to the New Guinea area.
813:
surrounding islands, including the group of Radja Ampat, under a
Controller at Fakfak. While Afdeeling Zuid-New-Guinea consisted of the part of Dutch New Guinea from Cape Steenboom to the mouth of the Bensbach river and surrounding islands, under an assistent-resident with a to be determined capital. Later it would be Merauke which was founded on 12 February 1902 for the express purpose of being the capital.
837:
North New Guinea oversaw Fak-Fak, Central
Vogelkop, Inanwatan and Mimika, while Afdeeling West New Guinea oversaw Manokwari, Sorong, Serui and Hollandia. The return of West Guinea's Afdeeling status was related to the increase in private oil exploration activities carried out by the Nederlandsche Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschappij (NNGPM) in Babo which began its activities in New Guinea on 23 April 1935.
792:, Indonesia launched a campaign of infiltrations designed to place pressure on the Dutch. Facing diplomatic pressure from the United States, fading domestic support and continual Indonesian threats to invade the territory, the Netherlands decided to relinquish control of the disputed territory in August 1962, agreeing to the Bunker Proposal on condition that a
773:
broader
Indonesian settlement, with the fate of the disputed territory to be decided by the close of 1950. However, the Dutch in coming years were able to argue successfully at the UN that the indigenous population of Dutch New Guinea represented a separate ethnic group from the people of Indonesia and thus should not be absorbed into the Indonesian state.
825:
were under the
Residentie Ternate. While only one, the Onderafdeeling of Zuid-Nieuw Guinea was under the Residentie Amboina. The reduction in the status of the three afdeelings in Papua to onderafdeeling, and before that the Residentie Nieuw Guinea into Amboina, was caused by the decline in the regional income since the ban of hunting Cendrawasih in 1922.
1220:(KVP) and the Labour Party, which was accepted by parliament, stated that the declaration of Jonkman in parliament should become a part of the Linggadjati agreement. Duly accepted, the Netherlands thus unilaterally 'amended' the Linggadjati agreement to the effect that New Guinea would remain Dutch. Labour parliamentary group leader
1081:
1150:(Extended Netherlands Action) send delegates to this conference, who opined that New Guinea should be declared as separate entities in a similar manner to Surinam. Furthermore, this conference stipulated specific territories could have special relations with the Kingdom of the Netherlands if they wanted to.
930:. Before the war, some 150,000 to 200,000 Eurasians were living in the Netherlands Indies. They were of mixed European and Indonesian descent and identified with the Netherlands and the Dutch way of life. In the colonial society of the Netherlands Indies, they held a higher social status than indigenous
836:
In 1937 Onderafdeeling Boven Digul and
Onderafdeeling Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea were placed back under Afdeeling Tual. The Afdeeling West-Niuew-Guinea was separated from the afdeeling of Zuid-Niuew-Guinea. Both Afdeling Noord-Niuew-Guinea and Afdeling West-Niuew-Guinea oversaw 4 onderafdeeling each. Afdeling
780:
to the
Netherlands East Indies, claimed Dutch New Guinea as part of its natural territorial bounds. The dispute over New Guinea was an important factor in the quick decline in bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Indonesia after Indonesian independence. The dispute escalated into low-level
917:
economic activity was limited. Only coastal and island dwellers traded to some extent, mostly with the Maluku
Islands. A development company was founded in 1938 to change this situation, but it was not very active. So, until World War II, New Guinea was a disregarded and unimportant territory within
824:
In 1925, the status of the
Residentie Amboina was upgraded to the Gouvernement der Molukken, which was divided into two residencies, namely Residentie Amboina and Residentie Ternate. Six onderafdeelings of New Guinea (Manokwari, Sorong, Schouteneilanden, Jappengroep, Hollandia dan West-Nieuw Guinea)
1340:
proposal on 28 July 1962, for a staged transition from Dutch to
Indonesian control via UN administration, on the condition that a plebiscite would be held in future in the territory. The agreement was signed on 15 August 1962 at the UN Headquarters in New York and the territory was placed under the
1272:
over Dutch New Guinea escalated in December 1957 following Indonesia's defeat in the UN General Assembly on 29 November 1957 to pass a resolution in favour of Indonesia's claim to the territory. Sukarno responded by allowing the seizure of Dutch enterprises operating in Indonesia and announcing the
1187:
To many Dutchmen, the idea of parting with Indonesia was shocking. Many Dutch thought their country had a mission to develop Indonesia. The Indonesian wish for independence to many Dutch came as a complete surprise. Because Indonesian nationalists, which had no electoral or official legitimacy—save
955:
These associations succeeded in sending settlers to New Guinea and lobbied successfully for the establishment of a government agency to subsidise these initiatives (in 1938). However, most settlements ended in failure because of the harsh climate and natural conditions, and because of the fact the
820:
In 1920, the three Afdeelings were made into its own residentie Nieuw Guinea. However it did not last as in August 1923 the Governor-General decided to merge the residency into Residentie Amboina. It followed the fate of Residentie Ternate which was also merged into Residentie Amboina in 1922. The
832:
In 1936 the Dutch colonial government shuffled a new territorial division in the residency. The residency was divided into two afdeelings, namely the Afdeeling Noord-Nieuw-Guinea which oversaw 5 onderafdeelings (Manokwari, Sorong, Central Vogelkop, Serui and Hollandia); and the West-En-Zuid-Nieuw
1311:
In 1962 Indonesia launched a significant campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations against the disputed territory, beginning with a seaborne infiltration launched by Indonesian forces on 15 January 1962. The Indonesian attack was comprehensively defeated by Dutch forces including the Dutch
808:
Before 1898, Papuans lived in isolated, competitive, and autonomous clan and tribal environments. However in 1898, the Dutch came and established their presence. Their claim, which was made in 1848, was based on the Sultanate of Ternate's claim on Papua based on Ternatean tributary relation. The
812:
In 1901 to subdue the headhunting Ugeris and increase colonial control, Afdeeling West-En-Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea was split into Afdeeling West-Nieuw-Guinea and Afdeeling Zuid-New-Guinea. Afdeeling West-Nieuw-Guinea consisted of the part of Dutch New Guinea from Cape Jamoer Seba to Cape Steenboom and
828:
In 1934, the status of the Gouvernement der Molukken was downgraded into Residentie der Molukken. The residency oversaw Afdeeling Ternate, Ambon, Tual, and North and West New Guinea. The Onderafdeeling Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea and Onderafdeeling Boven Digul were placed under Afdeeling Tual. Afdeeling
772:
to capture territory from the Indonesian Republic. However, the harsh methods of the Dutch had drawn international disapproval. With international opinion shifting towards support of the Indonesian Republic, the Dutch managed in 1949 to negotiate for the separation of Dutch New Guinea from the
1239:
Thus in 1949, when the rest of the Dutch East Indies became fully independent as Indonesia, the Dutch retained sovereignty over western New Guinea, and took steps to prepare it for independence as a separate country. Some five thousand teachers were flown there. The Dutch put an emphasis upon
909:
In reality, most of New Guinea remained outside colonial influence. Little was known about the interior; large areas on the map were white and the number of inhabitants of the island was unknown, and numerous explorations were made into the interior from the turn of the 20th century on. The
843:
In 1940 there was another shuffle, and Afdeeling Noord-Niuew-Guinea oversaw five onderafdeeling, namely Manokwari, Sorong, Serui, Sarmi and Hollandia. West New Guinea included three onderafdeelings, namely Fak-Fak, Inanwatan and Mimika. While Onderafdeeling Boven Digul and Onderafdeeling
940:"). They were mostly employed as office workers. As the educational level of indigenous Indonesians was on the rise, more and more Indonesians got jobs previously held by Eurasians. These had no other means of making a living, because, as Europeans, they were forbidden to buy land on
956:
settlers, previously office workers, were not skilled in agriculture. The number of settlers remained small. In the Netherlands proper, some organisations existed that promoted a kind of "tropical Holland" in New Guinea, but they were rather marginal. They were linked to the
816:
Since their creation, Afdeeling West-Nieuw-Guinea would remain part of the Residentie Ternate until it was transferred into Residentie Amboina in 1911. While the Afdeeling Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea would be an independent afdeeling until it was put under Residentie Amboina in 1913.
1130:. Van Mook decided to reform Indonesia on a federal basis. This was not a completely new idea, but it was contrary to the administrative practice in the Netherlands Indies until then and contrary to the ideas of the nationalists, who wanted a centralist Indonesia.
952:(Foundation Immigration and Settlement New Guinea). These organisations regarded New Guinea as an untouched, almost empty land that could serve as a homeland to the sidelined Eurasians, a kind of tropical Holland, where Eurasians could create an existence.
1273:
intended expulsion of Dutch residents from Indonesia. The increased tensions surrounding the dispute encouraged the Dutch to accelerate their plans to move the disputed territory towards an act of self-determination.
1215:
defended the Linggadjati Agreement in Parliament in 1946 by stating that the government wished for New Guinea to remain under Dutch sovereignty, arguing it could be a settlement for Eurasians. A motion entered by the
829:
Noord-Nieuw-Guinea and Afdeeling West-Nieuw-Guinea were combined into one afdeeling called Afdeeling Noord-En-West-New Guinea which oversaw 5 onderafdeeling namely Manokwari, Sorong, Serui, Hollandia and Fak-Fak.
1298:(People's Triple Command), calling the Indonesian people to defeat the formation of an independent state of West Papua, raise the Indonesian flag in that country, and be ready for mobilisation at any time.
306:
796:
to determine the final fate of the territory be conducted at a later date. The territory was administered by the UN temporarily before being transferred to Indonesia on 1 May 1963. A plebiscite, the
285:
944:. This situation caused mental and economic problems to the Eurasians. In 1923, the first plan to designate New Guinea as a settlement territory for Eurasians was devised. In 1926, a separate
305:
283:
1115:
886:
The Dutch established the 141st meridian as the eastern frontier of the territory. In 1898, the Netherlands Indies government decided to establish administrative posts in
307:
1360:. The result, which under strong pressure from the military, unanimously wanted to become part of Indonesia. The UN General Assembly later accepted the result via the
614:
1126:, which was to encompass the whole of the Netherlands Indies. The Dutch authorities returned after several months under the leadership of Lieutenant-Governor-General
1336:
Facing mounting international diplomatic pressure and the prospect of an Indonesian invasion force, the Dutch conceded to re-entering negotiations and agreed to the
284:
1636:
2698:
1175:
in November 1946. Van Mook thought a federal structure would safeguard Indonesia's cultural and ethnic diversity. Van Mook and his supporters referred to the
2668:
1227:
The Indonesians did not accept this unilateral amendment. In order not to jeopardise the scheduled transfer of sovereignty, the Indonesian vice-president
2693:
1281:
officially took office on 5 April 1961, to prepare for full independence by the end of that decade. The Dutch endorsed the council's selection of a new
1814:
1361:
1224:
said afterwards the Labour Party entered the motion with the KVP because it feared the Catholics otherwise might reject the Linggadjati agreements.
2683:
2663:
1690:"Republic of Indonesia-Kingdom of the Netherlands. Agreement Concerning West New Guinea (West Irian). United Nations Headquarters, August 15, 1962"
1146:. During the Pangkalpinang conference, the right of self-determination of the Eurasian, Chinese, and Arab ethnic minorities was discussed. The new
879:, the inhabitants of New Guinea. Probably this referred to some Papuan islands (Raja Ampat) near the Maluku Islands as well as coastal areas like
957:
859:) governorate of the Dutch East Indies. The Netherlands claimed sovereignty over New Guinea within the colony through its protection over the
1854:
Misleiding of zelfbedrog. Een analyse van het Nederlandse Nieuw-Guinea-beleid aan de hand van gesprekken met betrokken politici en diplomaten
1661:
Platje, Weis; 'Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950–1962', Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2001, pp. 285–312
1342:
1292:
Following the raising of the Papuan National Flag on 1 December 1961, tensions further escalated. On 19 December 1961 Sukarno issued the
1201:
632:
1377:
714:
196:
1981:
898:
in 1902. The main reason for this was the expansion of British and German interests in the east. The Dutch wanted to make sure the
2673:
1123:
2658:
1274:
202:
102:
17:
2607:
2603:
2372:
1871:
Ons laatste oorlogje. Nieuw-Guinea: de Pax Neerlandica, de diplomatieke kruistocht en de vervlogen droom van een Papoea-natie
1387:
1248:) of Dutch New Guinea. The first local naval cadets graduated in 1955 and the first army brigade become operational in 1956.
1241:
468:
74:
840:
In 1938, Gouvernement Groote Oost was created to encompass all Dutch East Indies residencies east of Java and Kalimantan.
317:
2146:
418:
1633:
81:
1118:. During the occupation the Indonesian nationalist movement went through a rapid development. After Japan's surrender,
121:
55:
2678:
2044:
88:
1221:
833:
Guinea Afdeeling also oversaw 5 onderafdeeling (Fak-Fak, Inanwatan, Mimika, Boven Digul and South Nieuw Guinea)
2653:
761:
59:
70:
2228:
1826:
Een daad van vrije keuze. De Papoea’s van westelijk Nieuw-Guinea en de grenzen van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht
2243:
1974:
1231:
offered to maintain Dutch sovereignty over New Guinea for one year and reopen the negotiations afterwards.
1179:
in this respect: the different ethnic communities of Indonesia should have the right to govern themselves.
1168:
169:
1890:
Idem, "`Het uitverkoren land'. De lotgevallen van de Indo-Europese kolonisten op Nieuw-Guinea 1949–1962",
1208:, which supported Indonesian independence in principle, was hesitant, because of the policies of Sukarno.
1453:
1176:
2567:
2301:
1348:
The territory formally became part of Indonesia in 1969 after the Indonesian government, who shifted to
2469:
2164:
2023:
1269:
1217:
1205:
1188:
ethno-state nationalism, under Sukarno cooperated with the Japanese, they were branded as traitors and
1164:
718:
437:
341:
2688:
2648:
1954:
821:
merging process was done on 1 April 1924. The Afdeelings themselves were kept the same at the time.
2267:
2004:
1193:
906:
would not move the border to the west. This resulted in the partition of the island of New Guinea.
872:
571:
1967:
1473:
1468:
910:
indigenous inhabitants of New Guinea were Papuans, living in tribes. They were hunter-gatherers.
182:
48:
1094:
2572:
2331:
2296:
1463:
661:
374:
265:
1927:
Een aanvechtbare en onzekere situatie. De Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk en Nieuw-Guinea 1949–1962
1080:
95:
1990:
1478:
1349:
1321:
1172:
1099:
789:
746:
948:(Association for the Settlement of New Guinea) was founded. In 1930, it was followed by the
2615:
2341:
2189:
2039:
1364:. This act has been criticised by some in the international community, including the group
1197:
777:
2265:
2002:
1913:
Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de Koninklijke Marine in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea 1945–1960
1531:
8:
2421:
2397:
2367:
1438:
1428:
1192:. Almost every Dutch political party was against Indonesian independence. The Protestant
860:
694:
229:
2391:
2311:
1793:
Pouwer, Jan. "The colonisation, decolonisation and recolonisation of West New Guinea,"
1717:
1709:
1483:
1357:
1324:. Amongst the casualties was the Indonesian Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff; Commodore
1286:
1278:
936:
931:
797:
782:
767:
754:
702:
926:
The group that was most interested in New Guinea before the war were the Eurasians or
2551:
2377:
2321:
2079:
2049:
1721:
1549:
1448:
1433:
1420:
1294:
1282:
1139:
1127:
710:
605:
292:
186:
1568:
2535:
2493:
2362:
2064:
1701:
1337:
1212:
1189:
993:
734:
370:
135:
1949:
2223:
1640:
742:
399:
1833:
Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de Koninklijke Marine in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea
1138:
The ethnic diversity of Indonesia was initially discussed at two conferences in
2316:
2174:
1944:
1939:
1859:
1840:
Operaties in de Oost: de Koninklijke Marine in de Indische archipel (1945–1951)
1759:
1458:
1228:
1114:. Behind Japanese lines in New Guinea, Dutch guerrilla fighters resisted under
1103:
899:
868:
730:
686:
362:
247:
2642:
2503:
2498:
2154:
2131:
2126:
2110:
2074:
2069:
2054:
1261:
1143:
903:
876:
800:, was eventually held in 1969, but the fairness of the election is disputed.
726:
395:
1745:
Finney, B.R. "Partnership in developing the New Guinea Highlands 1948–68,"
1356:
starting from 1966, conducted a Bunker proposal-based plebiscite termed the
749:, which were administered as a single province prior to 2003 under the name
670:
2488:
2291:
2105:
2100:
2084:
2059:
1864:
De Nieuw-Guinea kwestie. Aspecten van buitenlands beleid en militaire macht
1345:
in October 1962. It was subsequently transferred to Indonesia in May 1963.
914:
848:
385:
366:
323:
2467:
2445:
2326:
2184:
2159:
1778:
The West New Guinea debacle. Dutch decolonisation and Indonesia 1945–1962
1384:
Jan Pieter Karel van Eechoud (29 December 1949 – 8 February 1950; acting)
1325:
927:
738:
1959:
2233:
2199:
1911:
van Holst-Pellekaan, R.E., de Regst, I.C. and Bastiaans, I.F.J. (ed.),
1802:
The United Nations and the Indonesian Takeover of West Papua, 1962–1969
1713:
1689:
1443:
852:
793:
706:
619:
327:
2419:
1518:
Besluit van den Gouverneur-Generaal van Nederlandsch-Indie 1901 No. 25
1504:
Besluit van den Gouverneur-Generaal van Nederlandsch-Indie 1898 No. 19
1256:
2440:
2213:
2179:
1204:
campaigned for a hard-line policy against the nationalists. Even the
1153:
Van Mook's plan was to divide Indonesia into several federal states,
891:
864:
722:
657:
1885:
Den Haag-Djakarta. De Nederlands Indonesische betrekkingen 1950–1962
1705:
674:
Steamboat connections in Ambon Residence, Dutch East Indies, in 1915
176:
37:
2611:
2306:
495:
352:
1102:, with Moluccan police and highland companions, on patrol east of
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2208:
2169:
1353:
1119:
1032:
961:
895:
391:
1906:
De liquidatie van een imperium. Nederland en Indonesië 1945–1962
2519:
2357:
2336:
2238:
2218:
2136:
1819:
Afscheid van Indië. De val van het Nederlandse imperium in Azië
1159:
1110:
In 1942, most parts of the Netherlands Indies were occupied by
1058:
1045:
1019:
887:
880:
851:, the western part of the island of New Guinea was part of the
411:
875:(VOC) recognised the Sultanate of Tidore's supremacy over the
781:
conflict in 1962 following Dutch moves in 1961 to establish a
1781:
1396:
Jan Christoffel Baarspul (31 March 1958 – 1 May 1958; acting)
1111:
1740:
The Dynamics of the Western New Guinea (Irian Barat) Problem
1573:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
1554:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
1182:
1764:
The trauma of decolonisation. The Dutch and West New Guinea
1240:
political, business, and civic skills. On 8 February 1950,
1006:
941:
1940:
The Dutch New Guinea Dispute – Operation Trikora 1961–1962
1402:
Henk Veldkamp (28 September 1962 – 1 October 1962; acting)
1831:
Holst Pellekaan, R.E. van, I.C. de Regt, J.F. Bastiaans,
1399:
Pieter Johannes Platteel (1 May 1958 – 28 September 1962)
1786:
Ploeg, Anton. "Colonial land law in Dutch New Guinea,"
1089:
844:
Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea were placed under Afdeeling of Tual.
2614:
in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the
1171:. The Indonesian side agreed to this plan during the
1410:
1622:
Twenty years of Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945–1965
1368:, which has termed the act "the act of no choice".
1306:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1167:and would remain linked to the Netherlands in the
1532:"Staatsblad van Nederlandsch-Indie, No. 239 1901"
2640:
1847:Nieuw-Guinea. Het einde van een koloniaal beleid
218:
1754:West New Guinea. The dispute and its settlement
1899:Besturen in Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea 1945 -1962
1670:Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 366.
1652:Penders, "The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 344
2699:States and territories disestablished in 1962
1975:
1679:Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 375
1366:International Parliamentarians for West Papua
1289:as the new national flag on 1 December 1961.
950:Stichting Immigratie Kolonisatie Nieuw-Guinea
921:
721:from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now
2669:1824 establishments in the Dutch East Indies
1643:. The commands are at the end of the speech.
1585:Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 63
1393:Jan van Baal (24 April 1953 – 31 March 1958)
1343:United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
1331:
1200:in Indonesia. The newly established liberal
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967:
946:Vereniging tot Kolonisatie van Nieuw-Guinea
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633:United Nations Administered West New Guinea
262:
236:
150:
2694:States and territories established in 1949
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1982:
1968:
1550:"The Fall of Dutch New Guinea, April 1942"
1378:List of governors of the Dutch East Indies
316:
2618:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
1989:
1838:Holst Pellekaan, R.E. van, I.C. de Regt,
1694:The American Journal of International Law
1183:The unilateral amendment of 'Linggadjati'
776:In contrast, the Indonesian Republic, as
540:421,981 km (162,928 sq mi)
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1255:
1202:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
1133:
1093:
669:
2684:1949 establishments in the Dutch Empire
2664:1660 establishments in the Dutch Empire
1124:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
14:
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1945:Dutch New Guinea in HD Color 1949–1962
1569:"The capture of Manokwari, April 1942"
1566:
2466:
2418:
2264:
2001:
1963:
1388:Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg
1242:Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg
1090:Origin of the dispute over New Guinea
469:Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg
338:Colony of the Netherlands (1949–1954)
29:1949–1962 Dutch possession in Oceania
1260:Dutch colonial civil servant in the
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
2606:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
863:, a sultanate on an island west of
803:
24:
2266:Colonies and trading posts of the
2003:Colonies and trading posts of the
1950:Dutch New Guinea Dispute 1949–1962
1845:Huydecoper van Nigteveld, J.L.R.,
1732:
1277:were held in January 1961 and the
1244:was appointed the first Governor (
1196:(ARP) were very supportive of the
1157:, with possible autonomous areas,
1079:
25:
2710:
1933:
1390:(8 February 1950 – 24 April 1953)
1413:
1307:Escalation to low-level conflict
1163:. The whole would be called the
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612:
598:
303:
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195:
175:
168:
36:
2327:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1627:
1376:For governors before 1949, see
1222:Marinus van der Goes van Naters
47:needs additional citations for
2674:1962 disestablishments in Asia
1880:, 3 dln. (Den Haag 1953/1954).
1614:
1601:
1596:Sukarno: A Political Biography
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1579:
1560:
1541:
1524:
1510:
1496:
725:'s six easternmost provinces,
277:(English: "William of Nassau")
13:
1:
2659:History of Western New Guinea
1892:Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis
1489:
1301:
299:(English: "Oh My Land Papua")
253:"Loyal, Honest, Affectionate"
1773:(U of Michigan Press, 1996).
1371:
1251:
1234:
1169:Netherlands-Indonesian Union
1116:Mauritz Christiaan Kokkelink
7:
1808:
1609:Asia in the Pacific Islands
1454:Papua (Indonesian province)
1406:
1177:right of self-determination
1073:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1010:
997:
10:
2715:
2470:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1955:Profile at World Statesman
1795:Journal of Pacific History
1788:Journal of Pacific History
1747:Journal of Pacific History
1634:Sukarno's "Trikora"-Speech
1620:Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung,
1375:
1165:United States of Indonesia
922:Homeland for the Eurasians
719:Kingdom of the Netherlands
342:Kingdom of the Netherlands
340:Overseas territory of the
133:
2597:
2581:
2560:
2544:
2528:
2512:
2481:
2477:
2462:
2429:
2414:
2386:
2350:
2279:
2275:
2260:
2198:
2145:
2119:
2093:
2032:
2016:
2012:
1997:
1332:Ellsworth Bunker proposal
653:
577:
567:
563:
553:
549:
544:
534:
529:
525:
515:
505:
501:
491:
487:
474:
459:
455:
447:
443:
431:
427:
417:
407:
380:
358:
348:
334:
315:
263:
257:
213:
164:
159:
145:
2568:Curaçao and Dependencies
2302:Curaçao and Dependencies
2280:Colonies in the Americas
2268:Dutch West India Company
2005:Dutch East India Company
1920:Papoea. Een geschiedenis
1869:Jansen van Galen, John,
1270:Dutch-Indonesian dispute
1194:Anti-Revolutionary Party
1016:3. Centraal Nieuw-Guinea
968:Administrative divisions
918:the Netherlands Indies.
873:Dutch East India Company
871:. In a 1660 treaty, the
483:Pieter Johannes Platteel
134:Not to be confused with
2679:Former colonies in Asia
2351:Trading posts in Africa
2085:Northeast coast of Java
1639:11 October 2017 at the
1548:Klemen, L (1999–2000).
1474:West New Guinea dispute
1469:Territory of New Guinea
1268:Tensions regarding the
1218:Catholic People's Party
1148:Grooter Nederland-Actie
1098:Dutch district officer
753:, and now comprise the
709:that was a part of the
691:Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea
412:Colonial administration
183:Flag of the Netherlands
152:Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea
1790:(1999) 34#2 pp 191–203
1771:The West Irian Dispute
1464:Republic of West Papua
1265:
1173:Linggadjati conference
1107:
1085:
766:
698:
690:
683:Netherlands New Guinea
675:
662:Republic of West Papua
517:• Disestablished
375:Austronesian languages
266:Wilhelmus van Nassouwe
237:
219:
151:
18:Netherlands New Guinea
2654:Former Dutch colonies
2604:constituent countries
2137:West coast of Sumatra
1991:Dutch colonial empire
1897:Schoorl, Pim (red.),
1797:(1999) 34#2 pp 157–79
1479:West Papua (province)
1259:
1211:Minister of Colonies
1134:Linggadjati agreement
1100:Jean Victor de Bruijn
1097:
1083:
974:Departments of Papua
764:, the Dutch launched
762:Indonesian Revolution
713:until 1949, later an
673:
359:Common languages
238:Pius, Honestus, Amica
220:Setia, Djudjur, Mesra
2616:Netherlands Antilles
1752:Henderson, William,
1700:(2): 493–500. 1963.
1567:Womack, Tom (1999).
1322:Vlakke Hoek incident
1198:Dutch Ethical Policy
1084:Departments of Papua
1055:6. West Nieuw-Guinea
1029:4. Zuid Nieuw-Guinea
790:Vlakke Hoek incident
56:improve this article
2422:Noordsche Compagnie
2420:Settlements of the
2398:Society of Suriname
2244:Vietnam (1637–1643)
2017:Governorate General
1894:112 (1999) 353–384.
1742:(Cornell U.P. 1958)
1439:Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
1429:Free Papua Movement
975:
861:Sultanate of Tidore
507:• Established
2392:Society of Berbice
1925:Wal, Hans van de,
1915:(Amsterdam, 1989).
1876:Klein, W.C. e.a.,
1824:Drooglever, P.J.,
1815:Doel, H.W. van den
1769:Markin, Terence.
1724:– via Jstor.
1506:. 5 February 1898.
1484:Western New Guinea
1362:UN Resolution 2504
1358:Act of Free Choice
1295:Tri Komando Rakjat
1279:New Guinea Council
1266:
1108:
1086:
973:
798:Act of Free Choice
783:New Guinea Council
768:politionele acties
715:overseas territory
676:
71:"Dutch New Guinea"
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2612:full independence
2552:Dutch East Indies
2458:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
1929:(Hilversum 2006).
1922:(Amsterdam 2004).
1908:(Amsterdam 1962).
1842:(Amsterdam 2003).
1835:(Amsterdam 1989).
1828:(Amsterdam 2005).
1821:(Amsterdam 2001).
1776:Penders, C.L.M.,
1766:(New Haven 1966).
1449:Operation Trikora
1434:German New Guinea
1421:New Guinea portal
1128:Hubertus van Mook
1078:
1077:
711:Dutch East Indies
705:of the island of
668:
667:
649:
648:
645:
644:
625:
624:
606:Dutch East Indies
476:• 1958–1962
464:
461:• 1950–1953
433:• 1949–1962
389:
308:
293:Hai Tanahku Papua
286:
251:
233:
187:Morning Star flag
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2706:
2689:Christian states
2649:Dutch New Guinea
2619:
2479:
2478:
2468:Colonies of the
2464:
2463:
2431:
2430:
2416:
2415:
2396:Governed by the
2390:Governed by the
2277:
2276:
2262:
2261:
2014:
2013:
1999:
1998:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1918:Vlasblom, Dirk,
1800:Saltford. John.
1738:Bone, Robert C.
1726:
1725:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1352:under President
1338:Ellsworth Bunker
1320:, the so-called
1213:Jan Anne Jonkman
985:1955 Population
976:
972:
960:party and other
804:Pre-World War II
771:
757:of the country.
679:Dutch New Guinea
660:(claimed by the
641:
640:
629:
628:
616:
615:
602:
601:
595:
594:
579:
578:
511:27 December 1949
479:
462:
403:
388:
371:Papuan languages
324:Dutch possession
320:
310:
309:
300:
288:
287:
278:
274:
270:
269:
245:
244:
240:
227:
226:
222:
199:
179:
172:
154:
147:Dutch New Guinea
143:
142:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2622:
2601:
2593:
2577:
2556:
2540:
2524:
2508:
2473:
2450:
2425:
2402:
2382:
2346:
2271:
2248:
2194:
2141:
2115:
2089:
2028:
2008:
1993:
1988:
1936:
1901:(Leiden, 1996).
1887:(Utrecht 1994).
1860:Geus, P.B.R. de
1849:(Den Haag 1990)
1811:
1760:Lijphart, Arend
1735:
1733:Further reading
1730:
1729:
1706:10.2307/2196030
1688:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1641:Wayback Machine
1632:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1565:
1561:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1520:. 18 June 1901.
1516:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1381:
1374:
1334:
1309:
1304:
1283:national anthem
1254:
1237:
1185:
1136:
1092:
1087:
1003:2. Geelvinkbaai
970:
964:organisations.
924:
806:
778:successor state
743:Southwest Papua
638:
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537:
518:
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2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
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2347:
2345:
2344:
2342:Virgin Islands
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:New Netherland
2314:
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2304:
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2289:
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2258:
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2203:
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2129:
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2036:
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2027:
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2020:
2018:
2010:
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1994:
1987:
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1979:
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1964:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1934:External links
1932:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1883:Meijer, Hans,
1881:
1874:
1867:
1866:(Leiden 1984).
1857:
1852:Gase, Ronald,
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1780:, Leiden 2002
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1607:Ron Crocombe,
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1459:Papua Conflict
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1229:Mohammad Hatta
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966:
923:
920:
900:United Kingdom
894:, followed by
869:Maluku Islands
805:
802:
788:Following the
731:Highland Papua
699:Nugini Belanda
666:
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521:1 October 1962
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492:Historical era
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2368:Loango-Angola
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2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Banda Islands
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
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1971:
1966:
1965:
1962:
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1953:
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1937:
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1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1873:(Weesp 1984).
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1856:(Baarn 1984).
1855:
1851:
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1841:
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1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1611:, pp. 286–87.
1610:
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1379:
1369:
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1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1262:Baliem Valley
1258:
1249:
1247:
1246:De Gouverneur
1243:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:collaborators
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
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1156:
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1144:Pangkalpinang
1141:
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884:
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878:
877:Papuan people
874:
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727:Central Papua
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
61:
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51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
27:
19:
2636:
2588:
2120:Commandments
2094:Directorates
2033:Governorates
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1878:Nieuw-Guinea
1877:
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1595:
1594:J.D. Legge,
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1512:
1503:
1498:
1365:
1347:
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1310:
1293:
1291:
1287:Morning Star
1267:
1245:
1238:
1226:
1210:
1206:Labour Party
1186:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1109:
990:1. Hollandia
954:
949:
945:
935:
925:
915:World War II
912:
908:
885:
856:
849:World War II
847:Until after
846:
842:
839:
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807:
787:
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755:Papua region
750:
703:western half
682:
678:
677:
588:Succeeded by
587:
582:
555:• 1955
536:• Total
398: /
386:Christianity
367:Papuan Malay
297:(Indonesian)
291:
258:
243:
235:
225:
217:
215:Motto:
214:
203:Coat of arms
140:
136:Dutch Guinea
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
26:
2472:(1815–1975)
2446:Smeerenburg
2434:Settlements
2424:(1614–1642)
2378:Slave Coast
2270:(1621–1792)
2202:settlements
2160:Banjarmasin
2147:Residencies
2050:Cape Colony
2007:(1602–1798)
1326:Yos Sudarso
1312:destroyers
1122:issued the
1059:Sorong-Doom
979:Department
932:Indonesians
928:Indo people
857:Groote Oost
760:During the
739:South Papua
583:Preceded by
344:(1954–1962)
322:Map of the
205:(1961–1962)
190:(1961–1962)
2643:Categories
2589:New Guinea
2582:Until 1962
2561:Until 1954
2545:Until 1949
2536:Gold Coast
2529:Until 1872
2513:Until 1853
2494:Coromandel
2482:Until 1825
2373:Senegambia
2363:Gold Coast
2200:Opperhoofd
2065:Coromandel
1904:Smit, C.,
1490:References
1444:New Guinea
1302:Since 1962
1042:5. Fak-Fak
853:Great East
794:referendum
751:Irian Jaya
747:West Papua
707:New Guinea
701:) was the
695:Indonesian
620:Great East
572:NNG gulden
545:Population
408:Government
328:New Guinea
230:Indonesian
112:April 2024
82:newspapers
2441:Jan Mayen
2312:Essequibo
2224:Mauritius
2190:Pontianak
2180:Palembang
1749:5 (1970),
1722:246013207
1624:, p. 303.
1598:, 402–03.
1372:Governors
1350:New Order
1318:Kortenaer
1275:Elections
1252:1957–1961
1235:1949–1956
1106:, c. 1941
994:Hollandia
937:inlanders
892:Manokwari
865:Halmahera
723:Indonesia
658:Indonesia
381:Religion
353:Hollandia
160:1949–1962
2608:Suriname
2322:Pomeroon
2307:Demerara
2185:Preanger
2170:Cheribon
2080:Moluccas
1809:In Dutch
1637:Archived
1407:See also
1314:Evertsen
1285:and the
1074:420,000
982:Capital
568:Currency
496:Cold War
448:Governor
2610:gained
2602:Became
2573:Surinam
2504:Suratte
2499:Malacca
2332:Surinam
2297:Cayenne
2287:Berbice
2209:Myanmar
2165:Batavia
2132:Malabar
2111:Suratte
2075:Malacca
2070:Formosa
2055:Celebes
2024:Batavia
1756:(1973).
1714:2196030
1354:Suharto
1160:daerahs
1155:negaras
1120:Sukarno
1063:95,000
1050:28,000
1046:Fak-Fak
1037:78,000
1033:Merauke
1024:52,000
1011:78,000
998:57,000
962:fascist
904:Germany
896:Merauke
867:in the
717:of the
559:321,000
463:(first)
438:Juliana
419:Monarch
392:Animism
349:Capital
326:in the
273:(Dutch)
259:Anthem:
96:scholar
2520:Dejima
2489:Bengal
2358:Arguin
2337:Tobago
2292:Brazil
2239:Tonkin
2219:Dejima
2214:Canton
2175:Malang
2155:Bantam
2127:Bantam
2106:Persia
2101:Bengal
2060:Ceylon
1804:(2003)
1720:
1712:
1264:, 1958
1140:Malino
1068:Total:
1020:Wamena
888:Fakfak
881:Fakfak
745:, and
478:(last)
451:
423:
400:ethnic
335:Status
271:
261:
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2234:Timor
2040:Ambon
1782:KITLV
1718:S2CID
1710:JSTOR
1535:(PDF)
1112:Japan
1104:Beoga
735:Papua
687:Dutch
363:Dutch
248:Latin
103:JSTOR
89:books
2229:Siam
1316:and
1142:and
1007:Biak
942:Java
913:Pre-
902:and
890:and
530:Area
396:folk
75:news
1702:doi
958:NSB
681:or
58:by
2645::
1862:,
1817:,
1762:,
1716:.
1708:.
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1696:.
1692:.
1571:.
1552:.
1071:--
934:("
785:.
741:,
737:,
733:,
729:,
697::
693:,
689::
1983:e
1976:t
1969:v
1704::
1575:.
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855:(
685:(
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394:(
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110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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