33:
2063:
2924:
2329:
4251:
from the earliest times to the 6th century CE; the early medieval from the 6th to the 13th centuries; the medieval from the 13th to 18th centuries; and the modern from the 18th century to the present. The current use of these terms shifts the focus away from religious labels towards patterns of significant socio-economic changes.
2657:, as well as "ancient India", although both these terms may be used for periods with widely different dates, especially in specialised fields such as the history of art or religion. Another alternative for the preceding period is "Early Historical" stretching "from the sixth century BC to the sixth century AD", according to
3834:
has criticised the simplistic manner in which Indian history is often divided into an ancient "Hindu" period, a medieval "Muslim" period, and a modern "British" period. He argues that there is no clear sharp distinction between when the ancient period ended and when the medieval period began, noting
4250:
Due to such reasons, most historians have discarded the Hindu-Muslim-British periodization of the Indian past in favour of a more neutral classification into the ancient, early medieval, and modern periods. The dividing lines may vary, but the ancient period can be considered as stretching roughly
2282:
An alternative definition, often seen in those more recent authors who still use the term at all, brings the start of the medieval times forward, either to about 1000 CE, or to the 12th century. The end may be pushed back to the 18th century, Hence, this period can be effectively considered as the
3714:
of
Kannada, Telugu and Tamil kings that ruled parts of south India after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1646. Their contribution can be seen in Ikkeri, Sri Ranga, Madurai, and Chitradurga. The earliest of its dynasties date from the early 14th century and the latest in the 19th
4224:, "Unlike European periodisation, the medieval period in Indian history is generally regarded to have started with the coming of the Muslims, particularly the conquest of Delhi towards the end of the twelfth century by the Ghorids of Afghanistan." The "generally regarded" is dubious.
3460:, was a Hindu dynasty that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. The rulers of the Sena dynasty traced their origin to the south Indian region of Karnataka.
2711:, was the last largest dynasty of northern India which rivalled the Gupta empire in extent and ruled a large swath of northern India from the 6th century to 11th century. They can be differentiated from other kingdoms as they were called Imperial Pratiharas.
3494:, 1190β1315, an old Kannada-Maratha dynasty, which at its peak ruled a kingdom stretching from the Tungabhadra to the Narmada rivers, including present-day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its capital at
3819:
notes that the majority of modern historical works on medieval India up until then were written by
British and Hindu historians, whereas the work of modern Muslim historians was under-represented. He argues that some of the modern
2270:
of Europe. It may be divided into two periods: The 'early medieval period' which lasted from the 6th to the 13th century and the 'late medieval period' which lasted from the 13th to the 16th century, ending with the start of the
2668:, or certainly the Mughal Empire, but there were several different dynasties ruling large areas for long periods, as well as many other dynasties ruling smaller areas, often paying some form of tribute to larger states.
4960:
3707:
in 1526 marked the beginning of the early modern period of Indian history, often referred to as the Mughal era. Sometimes, the Mughal era is also referred as the 'late medieval' period.
4533:
2100:, although some historians regard it as both starting and finishing later than these points. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the early medieval and late medieval eras.
5027:. (1975). Studies in economic life in Mughal India. Delhi: Oriental Publishers & Distributors.; (1987). Mughal economy: Organization and working. Calcutta, India: Naya Prokash.
2290:
The use of "medieval" at all as a term for periods in Indian history has often been objected to, and is probably becoming more rare (there is a similar discussion in terms of the
3932:
2015:
2266:
One definition includes the period from the 6th century, the first half of the 7th century, or the 8th century up to the 16th century, essentially coinciding with the
2103:
In the early medieval period, there were more than 40 different states on the Indian subcontinent, which hosted a variety of cultures, languages, writing systems, and
4704:
32:
3974:
5127:
2294:). It is argued that neither the start nor the end of the period really mark fundamental changes in Indian history, comparable to the European equivalents.
5128:
The
History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; by Sir H. M. Elliot; Edited by John Dowson; London Trubner Company 1867β1877
4965:
The
History of India, as Told by Its own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; by Sir H. M. Elliot; Edited by John Dowson; London Trubner Company 1867β1877
4953:
4327:
4312:
4297:
1925:
1985:
2049:
1955:
3275:
2632:
2219:
2131:, a centre of scholarship and brought a divided South Asia onto the global intellectual stage. Another accomplishment was the invention of the
4053:
2731:, was a Kannada dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries and built the World Heritage site of
1965:
5007:
4993:
2306:
to the
Mughals, but most recent authors using it are Indian. Understandably, they often specify the period they cover within their titles.
2254:. The subsequent cultural and technological developments transformed Indian society, concluding the late medieval period and beginning the
4407:
3292:
2188:
5090:
MuαΈ₯ammad, A. K., & Pandit, K. N. (2009). A Muslim missionary in mediaeval
Kashmir: Being the English translation of Tohfatu'l-ahbab.
4189:
2923:
2328:
4090:
3924:
4213:
4750:
3811:
of the period. E. Sreedharan argues that, from the turn of the century until the 1960s, Indian historians were often motivated by
5106:
4928:
4838:
4763:
4543:
4501:
4243:
4183:
4157:
4032:
4007:
3888:
5132:
The
Packard Humanities Institute; Persian Texts in Translation; Also find other historical books: Author List and Title List
5054:
4934:
4874:
4507:
4127:
5030:
Srivastava, A. L. (1970). The Mughal Empire, 1526-1803 A.D. ... Seventh revised edition. Agra: Shiva Lal
Agarwala & Co.
2088:
between the "ancient period" and "modern period". It is usually regarded as running approximately from the break-up of the
5131:
4964:
3766:
3547:
2042:
1775:
3729:. Fully independent after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1646, reduced in size by the British, but ruled by the
5146:
5087:
Babur, ., & Thackston, W. M. (2002). The
Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, prince and emperor. New York: Modern Library.
2672:
puts the typical number of dynasties within the subcontinent at any one time at between 20 and 40, not including local
5074:
4978:
4904:
4698:
4667:
4640:
4613:
252:
241:
3966:
2475:
2165:
3765:
in western India. Marathas replaced the Mughal rule over large parts of India in the 18th century, but lost the
2753:
dynasty whose kingdom was located in present-day Andhra
Pradesh, they were the descendants of Western Chalukyas.
5048:
4852:
4824:
4807:
4789:
4749:
Berger, Eugene; Israel, George; Miller, Charlotte; Parkinson, Brian; Reeves, Andrew; Williams, Nadejda (2016).
4739:
4461:
4358:
4120:
2035:
284:
42:
2777:
and extended to include Southeast Asian territories at its height. Ruled from the 9th century to 13th century.
3821:
2334:
1860:
3599:
2108:
369:
3807:
Modern historical works written on medieval India have received some criticism from scholars studying the
2222:, but Hinduism survived and reinforced itself in areas conquered by Muslim empires. In the far South, the
4577:, p. 8: "The successors of the Vijayanagar empire, the Nayaks of Madura and Tanjore, were Balija Naidus."
4451:
4350:
4344:
3590:, were established in the early medieval period. Many Rajput kingdoms continued under the Mughals and as
3471:
2161:
1970:
1840:
3791:
3531:
2569:
2020:
5015:
Misra, R. G. (1993). Indian resistance to early Muslim invaders up to 1206 AD. Meerut City: Anu Books.
3755:
from the 16th to early 18th century, though it lingered for another century, formally ending in 1857.
3481:
3300:
3174:
3091:
2800:
2708:
2177:
1990:
1950:
1940:
1415:
1009:
358:
230:
2717:
ruled most of the western Deccan and some parts of South India, between the 6th and 12th centuries.
2287:. Or the "early medieval" period as beginning in the 8th century, and ending with the 11th century.
4949:
Satish Chandra; Historiography, Religion and State in Medieval India, Har-Anand Publications, 2010.
4392:
4049:
2654:
2607:
2320:
1875:
789:
629:
2062:
4535:
The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of the Ancient Indian Dynasties
3816:
3389:
2908:
2817:, often under the overlordship of larger states, from about 350 to 1000 CE. The large monolithic
2783:, ruled most of the western Deccan and some of South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries.
2780:
1980:
1945:
1780:
1560:
1109:
661:
590:
2275:
in 1526. The Mughal era, from the 16th century to the 18th century, is often referred to as the
3491:
3220:
3034:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2844:
2169:
2081:
1895:
1870:
1820:
1760:
1345:
1281:
1079:
295:
170:
4404:
4147:
2867:
between the 10th and the 14th centuries. The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at
4984:
Lal, K. S. (1999). Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
4684:
4173:
3997:
3795:
3207:
2832:
2824:
2810:
2794:
2466:
2417:
1930:
1900:
1765:
1720:
1550:
1189:
1179:
1149:
881:
861:
722:
91:
53:
3688:, unknown origin, survived as princely state during the British Raj and absorbed into India.
5099:, India's Greatest Patriotic Saga of Medieval Times: PadmanΔbha's Epic Account of KΔnhaαΈade
4085:
2502:
2493:
2010:
1865:
1850:
1795:
1436:
4080:
8:
5115:
Jain, M. The India They Saw : Foreign Accounts (4 Volumes) Delhi: Ocean Books, 2011.
5096:
4732:
India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from C. 7000 BCE to CE 1200
4210:
3825:
3776:
3752:
3694:, unknown to 1949, princely state during the British Raj and absorbed into India in 1949.
3511:
3403:
3120:
2728:
2589:
2580:
2276:
2255:
2223:
2116:
2093:
2085:
1790:
1518:
1365:
1059:
1039:
451:
399:
4973:(2002), Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire, 1500β1700, Routledge,
3453:
under the Delhi Sultanate from 1372 to 1427 then later under independent rule 1427β1527.
5069:
Wink, AndrΓ© (1996). Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic Worlds Vol 1. E. J. Brill.
3812:
3446:
3427:
3407:
3321:
3256:
3165:
3058:
2550:
2511:
2363:
2120:
1995:
1855:
1835:
1480:
1089:
999:
769:
759:
692:
641:
347:
263:
5102:
5070:
5044:
4974:
4924:
4900:
4848:
4834:
4820:
4803:
4785:
4782:
A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
4769:
4759:
4735:
4694:
4663:
4636:
4609:
4539:
4497:
4457:
4354:
4321:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century
4239:
4236:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
4179:
4153:
4116:
4028:
4003:
3894:
3884:
3831:
3718:
3647:
3633:
3365:
3359:
3340:
3334:
3156:
3138:
3069:
2904:
2840:
2742:
2243:
2227:
2207:
2005:
1975:
1885:
1880:
1825:
1770:
1600:
1490:
1469:
1425:
1395:
1099:
1029:
1019:
989:
471:
433:
313:
65:
2119:
sponsoring the Buddhist faith's institutions. One such institution was the Buddhist
4690:
4324:
4309:
4294:
3878:
3711:
3583:
3571:
3431:
3311:
3304:
3185:
3147:
3102:
3080:
3047:
2878:
2868:
2714:
2702:
2694:
2598:
2291:
2239:
2173:
2104:
2071:
2000:
1935:
1905:
1890:
1845:
1830:
1815:
1785:
1680:
1375:
1159:
1069:
948:
938:
891:
820:
799:
389:
379:
218:
153:
5038:
5024:
5018:
4918:
4894:
4890:
4868:
4793:
4743:
4657:
4630:
4603:
4491:
4411:
4331:
4316:
4301:
4217:
4131:
4124:
3874:
3730:
3691:
3685:
3616:
3612:
3591:
3587:
3463:
3440:
3417:
3350:
3325:
3296:
3229:
3129:
2680:
2665:
2620:
2428:
2354:
2215:
1458:
1447:
1405:
1385:
1303:
1270:
851:
779:
739:
651:
611:
573:
491:
4391:
For architecture, see Michell, 87-88. For "classical hinduism", see the note at
5002:
4988:
3808:
3758:
3675:
3643:
3625:
3559:
3527:
3505:
3247:
3023:
3014:
2976:
2900:
2886:
2850:
2746:
2251:
2247:
1668:
1620:
1314:
1292:
1260:
1199:
1129:
1119:
979:
712:
522:
24:
2166:
spread Hinduism and Buddhism into the historic cultural area of Southeast Asia
2152:
gained prominence with an overseas empire that controlled parts of modern-day
5140:
4914:
4773:
4415:
3794:
between the early and mid 19th century, following the British victory in the
3787:
3736:
3704:
3655:
3595:
3579:
3575:
3501:
3475:
3375:
3371:
3265:
3238:
3196:
2882:
2750:
2684:
2658:
2529:
2520:
2484:
2437:
2390:
2372:
2284:
2272:
2235:
2211:
2181:
2149:
2097:
1590:
1530:
1355:
749:
702:
682:
556:
539:
501:
481:
416:
200:
190:
180:
123:
4175:
Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600β1850
3898:
3828:, attempting to justify "the life of medieval Muslims to the modern world."
4143:
3783:
3748:
3744:
3661:
3637:
3457:
2967:
2836:
2770:
2697:, a brief period of control of most of north India, from 601 to 647, under
2650:
2641:
2345:
2295:
2089:
1710:
1700:
1580:
1570:
1500:
1335:
1325:
1209:
1139:
921:
841:
461:
325:
273:
141:
4961:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period
4271:
Keay, 155 "... the history of what used to be called 'medieval' India ..."
3443:, 1325β1526 in the Mithila region and successors of the Karnats of Mithila
2649:
The start of the period is typically taken to be the slow collapse of the
5021:. (1997). Fall of the Mughal Empire: Vol. 1β4. Hyderabad: Orient Longman.
4970:
4221:
3947:
3860:
3772:
3762:
3722:
3665:
3567:
2854:
2756:
2736:
2637:
2560:
2455:
2267:
2112:
1730:
1690:
1650:
1049:
911:
901:
4081:"India before the British: The Mughal Empire and its Rivals, 1526-1857"
3620:
2987:
2774:
2636:
Fragmented South Asian polities circa 600 CE, after the retreat of the
2540:
2446:
2381:
2196:
2133:
2067:
1640:
1540:
1250:
4561:
A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present
4478:
The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change.
3374:, ruled from the 12th to 18th century, governed over parts of eastern
4812:
3852:
3651:
3555:
3523:
3515:
3485:
3397:
3383:
2864:
2857:
2814:
2804:
2688:
2669:
2231:
2204:
2192:
2153:
1610:
3883:. Benjamin Press (originally published by Oxford University Press).
4470:
3780:
3646:, established in the middle of 13th century, broke up in 1582 into
3495:
3329:
2892:
2872:
2818:
2760:
2408:
2399:
2157:
1960:
871:
336:
113:
103:
5033:
Srivastava, A. L. (1975). Medieval Indian culture. Agra: Agarwala.
3678:, 13th century to 1832, in North Cachar Hills and Barak valley in
3563:
3519:
3393:
3344:
3111:
2784:
2718:
2200:
1169:
74:
4493:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: Volume I: A Global History
4382:
Not for Burjor Avari, who ends "ancient India" at 1200. Avari, 2
3769:
in the early 19th century, and became rulers of princely states.
2664:
At least in northern India, there was no larger state until the
2279:, but is sometimes also included in the 'late medieval' period.
4963:; published by London Trubner Company 1867β1877. (Online Copy:
4802:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art,
3775:, 1799β1849, was a major power in the Northwestern part of the
3726:
3551:
2996:
2860:
2828:
2788:
2764:
2732:
2722:
2698:
2303:
2142:
969:
3725:
kingdom founded in 1399 in the vicinity of the modern city of
2238:, as well as the establishment of European trade posts by the
3740:
3679:
3669:
3629:
3534:
3467:
3450:
3435:
3421:
3411:
3379:
3354:
3315:
2896:
2145:
2138:
2128:
2124:
2767:. Briefly controlled most of north India in the 9th century.
2226:
resisted Muslim conquests, sparking a long rivalry with the
4748:
3953:
3005:
2929:
2673:
1630:
4831:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms
4025:
Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
3925:"The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific"
3295:
and the decline of Buddhism, the eventual founding of the
2797:, ruled areas in Central India during 10th-12th centuries.
4456:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 37, 147.
2230:. The turn of the 16th century would see introduction of
5001:
4987:
4845:
The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
4002:. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. p. 62.
3835:
dates ranging from the 7th century to the 13th century.
3537:
in Bellary district of Karnataka was their capital city.
3761:, 1674β1818, was an imperial power based in modern-day
3424:, from 1206 to 1526, when it fell to the Mughal Empire.
4291:
History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.
4152:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 105,
2218:
which ruled until the 16th century. As a consequence,
2168:. In this time period, neighbouring regions such as
4847:, 1967 (3rd edn.), Pelican History of Art, Penguin,
3303:, followed by the world's major trading nation, the
4800:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
4659:
A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000
4632:
A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000
4605:
A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000
4563:. Bangalore: Jupiter Books. pp. 220, 226, 234.
4405:
Early Indian History and the Legacy of D.D. Kosambi
2137:game which later was exported to Europe and became
4954:The History of India as told by its own Historians
4752:World History Cultures, States and Society to 1500
5005:; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1973).
4991:; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960).
3615:, 500β1835, a matrilineal kingdom in present-day
5138:
5011:. Vol. VII. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4870:Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526β1707 A.D.)
4587:Zubair, Syed (4 November 2012). "Before India".
4527:
4525:
4349:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.
4115:, pp. 153-154, 1986, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.,
2821:of Shravanabelagola was built during their rule.
2261:
2070:was built in medieval India during the reign of
5093:
4997:. Vol. VI. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4889:
4866:
4165:
3824:on medieval India at the time was motivated by
4496:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 364.
4178:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 39β45,
3470:dynasty that ruled between 1434 and 1541 over
3400:. Ruled from 1120 until the late 13th century.
3314:, 1352 to 1576, ruled over Bengal and much of
4913:
4522:
4489:
4480:Harvard University Press, 2000, pages 184-185
4171:
2813:, was an important ruling dynasty of ancient
2242:. Mughal Empire was one of the three Islamic
2187:During the late medieval period, a series of
2043:
5008:The History and Culture of the Indian People
4994:The History and Culture of the Indian People
4449:
4342:
4306:Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals
4289:Examples: Farooqui; Radhey Shyam Chaurasia,
4047:
2203:conquered large portions of Northern India.
2109:Buddhism was predominant throughout the area
5040:Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries
4959:Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John.
4575:Politics and Social Conflict in South India
4538:. Oxford University Press. pp. 47β48.
4531:
3541:
3293:Muslim conquests of the Indian subcontinent
2863:that ruled most of the modern day state of
4655:
4628:
4601:
4113:The Concept of Rudra-Εiva Through the Ages
2763:rulers, from the 8th to 12th centuries in
2092:in the 6th century CE to the start of the
2050:
2036:
4227:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4022:
2773:, a South Indian empire which ruled from
2745:, 7th and 12th centuries, a South Indian
2302:(1998), referring to the period from the
5130:β This online Copy has been postesd by:
4967:β This online Copy has been posted by: )
4016:
2314:
2234:and the rise of a new Muslim empireβthe
2061:
4052:. Northern Virginia Community College.
3995:
3420:, five short-lived dynasties, based in
2915:
2885:dynasty that ruled most of current day
2107:. At the beginning of the time period,
5139:
5043:. Al-Hind Series. Vol. 3. BRILL.
4682:
4586:
4558:
4238:. Pearson Education India. p. 6.
4068:
3989:
3873:
3779:, which arose under the leadership of
3698:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3205:
3194:
3183:
3172:
3118:
3109:
3089:
3078:
2831:region who are descendants of Kannada
2605:
2596:
2578:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2435:
2426:
2415:
2397:
2388:
2370:
2352:
4833:, 1977, University of Chicago Press,
4758:. University of North Georgia Press.
4233:
4142:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3100:
3067:
3056:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2587:
2547:
2509:
2500:
2406:
2379:
2361:
2343:
5057:from the original on 5 February 2024
5036:
4937:from the original on 5 February 2024
4707:from the original on 5 February 2024
4510:from the original on 15 January 2023
3935:from the original on 16 January 2020
3851:
3682:, eventually annexed by the British.
3582:. Some Rajput States, including the
3554:Hindu states that ruled present-day
3127:
3021:
2985:
2938:
2927:
2691:areas from the 3rd to 9th centuries.
2567:
2558:
2538:
2518:
2453:
2444:
2332:
2164:as overseas territories, and helped
4146:(27 April 2010), Arnold, D. (ed.),
3739:, was an imperial state founded by
3654:(eventually absorbed partly by the
3410:which ruled parts of south western
3045:
3032:
2618:
2210:declared his independence from the
13:
4859:
4686:Early Medieval Indian Society (pb)
4093:from the original on 12 April 2016
3672:, eventually taken by the British.
3650:(eventually a princely state) and
3606:
3406:, tribal state and vassals of the
3362:, 1347β1518, in the Deccan region.
2653:from about 480 to 550, ending the
2527:
2283:beginning of Muslim domination to
14:
5158:
5120:
4784:, 2011, Pearson Education India,
4662:. Orient Blackswan. p. 457.
4635:. Orient Blackswan. p. 451.
4608:. Orient Blackswan. p. 437.
4192:from the original on 4 April 2023
4172:Parthasarathi, Prasannan (2011),
3977:from the original on 15 July 2019
3802:
4877:from the original on 3 July 2023
4453:A Historical atlas of South Asia
4450:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
4346:A Historical atlas of South Asia
4343:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
4056:from the original on 26 May 2011
4027:. Philadelphia: Westview Press.
2922:
2327:
31:
4676:
4649:
4622:
4595:
4580:
4567:
4552:
4483:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4398:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4336:
4283:
4274:
4265:
4256:
4203:
4136:
4105:
3996:Dodgson, Marshall G.S. (2009).
3751:. The empire ruled most of the
3733:as a princely state until 1947.
3484:, ruled Chotanagpur plateau in
2899:, ruled by three dynasties viz
2803:, ruled Chotanagpur plateau in
2220:Buddhism declined in South Asia
4041:
4023:Streusand, Douglas E. (2011).
3959:
3917:
3905:
3867:
3845:
3353:, 1392β1562, in the region of
3337:, 1394β1479, in northern India
3328:, 1382β1601, in the region of
2640:and the disintegration of the
2298:still used the concept in his
2096:in 1526 with the start of the
285:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
1:
4734:, 2016 (2nd edn), Routledge,
4723:
4559:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001).
3343:, 1407β1573, in the state of
3280:
2889:, India from 1083 to 1323 CE.
2827:, was a royal dynasty ruling
2262:Terminology and periodisation
1215:
954:
927:
826:
805:
728:
667:
596:
579:
562:
545:
528:
507:
422:
405:
159:
16:Period of South Asian history
4209:According to the article on
3434:of North Bihar and Southern
3368:, 1335β1378, in South India.
370:Northern Black Polished Ware
7:
4683:Sharma, Ram Sharan (2003).
4532:Chakrabarty, Dilip (2010).
3790:. They were usurped by the
3628:, 12th century to 1524, in
2787:-speaking, with capital at
2721:-speaking, with capital at
2080:refers to a long period of
1966:Influence on Southeast Asia
10:
5163:
4956:, New Delhi reprint, 1990.
3792:British East India Company
3532:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2318:
2309:
348:Black and Red ware culture
5147:Medieval history of India
4896:Military History of India
3504:, 1325 to 1448, ruled in
3482:Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur
3414:from the 11-13th century.
3301:Indo-Islamic architecture
2895:, 4th to 12th century in
2839:. They have built famous
2801:Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur
2709:Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
2141:. In Southern India, the
359:Painted Grey Ware culture
231:Indus Valley Civilisation
5094:V. S. Bhatnagar (1991).
5003:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
4989:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
4867:Gopinath Sharma (1954).
4829:Michell, George, (1977)
4410:22 December 2017 at the
4393:Outline of ancient India
4373:Rowland, 273; Stein, 105
4216:16 November 2020 at the
3838:
3542:Other prominent kingdoms
3291:This period follows the
2321:Middle kingdoms of India
1010:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
990:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
591:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
4819:, 2000, HarperCollins,
4780:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed,
4656:Sreedharan, E. (2004).
4629:Sreedharan, E. (2004).
4602:Sreedharan, E. (2004).
4330:5 February 2024 at the
4315:5 February 2024 at the
4300:5 February 2024 at the
4234:Singh, Upinder (2008).
4130:19 October 2023 at the
4050:"The Gunpowder Empires"
3929:Encyclopædia Britannica
3558:, and at times much of
3390:Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya
2909:Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)
2871:but was later moved to
2781:Western Chalukya Empire
1110:Western Chalukya Empire
253:Mature Harappan culture
4490:Craig Lockard (2007).
4111:Chakravarti, Mahadev,
3658:and the Ahom kingdom).
3492:Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
3396:with their capital in
3279:South Asian polities,
2845:Jagannath Temple, Puri
2082:post-classical history
2074:
2016:Science and technology
400:Three Crowned Kingdoms
242:Early Harappan culture
57:(2,500,000β250,000 BC)
3822:Muslim historiography
3796:Second Anglo-Sikh War
3514:, 1336β1646, a Hindu-
3392:, Buddhist rulers of
2833:Western Ganga Dynasty
2825:Eastern Ganga dynasty
2811:Western Ganga dynasty
2315:Early medieval period
2182:South Asian influence
2065:
1919:Specialised histories
1190:Kalachuris of Kalyani
1180:Kalachuris of Tripuri
862:Western Ganga Kingdom
790:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
740:Western Satrap Empire
723:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
713:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
264:Late Harappan culture
25:History of South Asia
5101:. Aditya Prakashan.
5037:Wink, AndrΓ© (2004).
4573:Irschick, Eugene F.
4086:University of Exeter
3999:The Venture of Islam
3588:Kingdom of Jaisalmer
3299:and the creation of
3276:class=notpageimage|
2916:Late medieval period
2633:class=notpageimage|
2240:Portuguese colonists
1437:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
1239:Late medieval period
1150:Eastern Ganga Empire
882:Vishnukundina Empire
5097:KΔnhaαΈade Prabandha
4952:Elliot and Dowson:
4899:. Orient Longmans.
4843:Rowland, Benjamin,
4422:, June 2011, p. 571
3826:Islamic apologetics
3777:Indian subcontinent
3753:Indian subcontinent
3699:Early modern period
3600:Indian independence
3512:Vijayanagara Empire
3430:, 1097β1324 in the
3404:Khayaravala dynasty
2729:Rashtrakuta dynasty
2277:early modern period
2256:early modern period
2224:Vijayanagara Empire
2117:Indo Gangetic Plain
2094:early modern period
2086:Indian subcontinent
1519:Early modern period
1366:Vijayanagara Empire
1346:Chitradurga Kingdom
1040:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
452:Shaishunaga dynasty
4971:Gommans, Jos J. L.
4920:A History of India
4693:. pp. 17β18.
4304:; Satish Chandra,
4149:A History of India
4048:Charles T. Evans.
3954:Berger et al. 2016
3880:A History of Chess
3863:. pp. xxβxxi.
3813:Indian nationalism
3767:Anglo-Maratha Wars
3550:, were a group of
3449:, initially ruled
3447:Khanzadas of Mewat
3428:Karnats of Mithila
3408:Gahadavala dynasty
3322:Khandesh Sultanate
2655:"classical" period
2300:A History of India
2121:Nalanda mahavihara
2075:
1996:Partition of India
1861:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1809:Regional histories
1754:National histories
1641:Travancore Kingdom
1611:Thondaiman Kingdom
1481:Golkonda Sultanate
1090:Somavamshi Kingdom
1060:Rashtrakuta Empire
1000:Rashidun Caliphate
922:Kabul Shahi Empire
770:Nagas of Padmavati
693:Indo-Greek Kingdom
633:(230 BC β AD 1206)
326:Vedic Civilisation
274:Vedic Civilisation
171:Ahar-Banas culture
5108:978-81-85179-54-4
4930:978-0-14-194976-5
4873:. S.L. Agarwala.
4839:978-0-226-53230-1
4792:, 9788131732021,
4765:978-1-940771-10-6
4742:, 9781317236733,
4545:978-0-19-908832-4
4503:978-0-618-38612-3
4476:Randall Collins,
4319:; Upinder Singh,
4308:, 2004 (2 vols),
4245:978-81-317-1120-0
4185:978-1-139-49889-0
4159:978-1-4051-9509-6
4123:, 9788120800533,
4034:978-0-8133-1359-7
4009:978-0-226-34688-5
3914:by B.V. Rao p.211
3890:978-0-936317-01-4
3832:Ram Sharan Sharma
3719:Kingdom of Mysore
3703:The start of the
3634:Arunachal Pradesh
3474:(the present day
3466:, was a medieval
3366:Madurai Sultanate
3360:Bahmani Sultanate
3341:Gujarat Sultanate
3335:Jaunpur Sultanate
2905:Mlechchha dynasty
2841:Konark Sun Temple
2795:Kalachuri dynasty
2759:, the last major
2743:Eastern Chalukyas
2246:, along with the
2244:gunpowder empires
2228:Bahmani Sultanate
2208:Qutb ud-Din Aibak
2189:Islamic invasions
2060:
2059:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1659:
1658:
1561:Thanjavur Kingdom
1509:
1508:
1470:Bijapur Sultanate
1426:Deccan sultanates
1304:Tughlaq Sultanate
1251:Ghaznavid Dynasty
1229:
1228:
1100:Chaulukya Kingdom
1030:Mallabhum kingdom
1020:Umayyad Caliphate
760:Bharshiva Dynasty
656:(200 BC β AD 300)
646:(230 BC β AD 220)
642:Satavahana Empire
620:
619:
616:(247 BC β AD 224)
472:Macedonian Empire
446:(450 BC β AD 489)
434:Achaemenid Empire
304:
303:
209:
208:
132:
131:
82:
81:
66:Madrasian culture
5154:
5112:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5025:Sarkar, Jadunath
5019:Sarkar, Jadunath
5012:
4998:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4917:(28 June 1990).
4910:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4817:India: A History
4777:
4757:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4691:Orient Blackswan
4680:
4674:
4673:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4589:Deccan Chronicle
4584:
4578:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4432:
4431:Keay, xxii-xxiii
4429:
4423:
4402:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4340:
4334:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4231:
4225:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4140:
4134:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4077:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4020:
4014:
4013:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3971:www.columbia.edu
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3857:India: A History
3849:
3712:Nayaka dynasties
3584:Kingdom of Mewar
3572:Himachal Pradesh
3522:empire based in
3312:Bengal Sultanate
3305:Bengal Sultanate
3285:
3282:
3270:
3268:
3261:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3216:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3168:
3161:
3159:
3152:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3134:
3132:
3125:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2954:
2952:
2945:
2943:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2879:Kakatiya Kingdom
2715:Chalukya dynasty
2703:Vardhana dynasty
2695:Empire of Harsha
2627:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2603:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2331:
2292:history of China
2214:and founded the
2072:Jodha of Mandore
2052:
2045:
2038:
2001:Pakistan studies
1841:Himachal Pradesh
1681:Portuguese India
1677:
1676:
1673:
1631:Sikh Confederacy
1527:
1526:
1523:
1376:Bengal Sultanate
1315:Sayyid Sultanate
1293:Khalji Sultanate
1282:Mamluk Sultanate
1247:
1246:
1243:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1160:Kakatiya Kingdom
1070:Paramara Kingdom
963:
959:
956:
932:
929:
872:Kamarupa Kingdom
835:
831:
828:
821:Kalabhras Empire
814:
810:
807:
733:
730:
717:(50 BC β AD 400)
697:(180 BC β AD 10)
676:
672:
669:
638:
637:
634:
605:
601:
598:
584:
581:
567:
564:
550:
547:
533:
530:
516:
512:
509:
427:
424:
410:
407:
390:Haryanka dynasty
380:Pradyota dynasty
322:
321:
318:
227:
226:
223:
164:
161:
154:Anarta tradition
150:
149:
146:
114:Mehrgarh culture
104:Bhirrana culture
100:
99:
96:
95:(10,800β3300 BC)
62:
61:
58:
48:
47:
35:
21:
20:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5137:
5136:
5123:
5118:
5109:
5082:Primary sources
5060:
5058:
5051:
4940:
4938:
4931:
4907:
4891:Jadunath Sarkar
4880:
4878:
4862:
4860:Further reading
4857:
4766:
4755:
4730:Avari, Burjor,
4726:
4721:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4701:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4627:
4623:
4616:
4600:
4596:
4585:
4581:
4572:
4568:
4557:
4553:
4546:
4530:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4504:
4488:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4412:Wayback Machine
4403:
4399:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4341:
4337:
4332:Wayback Machine
4317:Wayback Machine
4302:Wayback Machine
4288:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4246:
4232:
4228:
4218:Wayback Machine
4208:
4204:
4195:
4193:
4186:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4141:
4137:
4132:Wayback Machine
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4079:
4078:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3912:History of Asia
3910:
3906:
3891:
3872:
3868:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3805:
3723:southern Indian
3701:
3692:Manipur kingdom
3686:Tripura kingdom
3617:Sylhet Division
3613:Jaintia kingdom
3609:
3607:Northeast India
3592:Princely States
3544:
3464:Gajapati Empire
3441:Oiniwar dynasty
3418:Delhi Sultanate
3351:Malwa Sultanate
3326:Farooqi dynasty
3297:Delhi Sultanate
3289:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2918:
2681:Pallava dynasty
2666:Delhi Sultanate
2647:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2323:
2317:
2312:
2264:
2216:Delhi Sultanate
2068:Mehrangarh Fort
2056:
2027:
2026:
2025:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1674:
1671:
1669:Colonial states
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1448:Berar sultanate
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1271:Delhi Sultanate
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1170:Zamorin Kingdom
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1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:Mughal Empire
1529:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1356:Reddy Kingdom
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:Yadava Empire
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:Harsha Empire
968:
967:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
940:
937:
936:
925:
923:
920:
919:
915:
913:
910:
909:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
883:
880:
879:
875:
873:
870:
869:
865:
863:
860:
859:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
843:
840:
839:
824:
822:
819:
818:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:Kushan Empire
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
726:
724:
721:
720:
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
683:Shunga Empire
681:
680:
665:
663:
662:Mitra Dynasty
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
639:
631:
626:
625:
615:
613:
610:
609:
604: AD 500
600: 250 BC
594:
592:
589:
588:
583: 250 AD
577:
575:
572:
571:
566: 300 BC
560:
558:
555:
554:
549: 300 BC
543:
541:
540:Chera Kingdom
538:
537:
532: 300 BC
526:
524:
523:Pandya Empire
521:
520:
515: 300 AD
511: 300 BC
505:
503:
502:Sangam period
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
489:
485:
483:
482:Maurya Empire
480:
479:
475:
473:
470:
469:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
453:
450:
449:
445:
442:
441:
437:
435:
432:
431:
420:
418:
415:
414:
409: 600 BC
403:
401:
398:
397:
393:
391:
388:
387:
383:
381:
378:
377:
373:
371:
367:
366:
363:(1200β600 BC)
362:
360:
356:
355:
351:
349:
345:
344:
341:(1500β600 BC)
340:
338:
334:
333:
330:(1500β500 BC)
329:
327:
324:
323:
317:(1500β200 BC)
315:
310:
309:
300:(1600β500 BC)
299:
297:
293:
292:
288:
286:
282:
281:
278:(2000β500 BC)
277:
275:
272:
271:
267:
265:
261:
260:
256:
254:
250:
249:
245:
243:
239:
238:
234:
232:
229:
228:
220:
215:
214:
205:(1400β700 BC)
204:
202:
201:Jorwe culture
199:
198:
194:
192:
191:Malwa culture
189:
188:
185:(1600β750 BC)
184:
182:
181:Pandu culture
179:
178:
174:
172:
169:
168:
157:
155:
152:
151:
143:
138:
137:
127:
125:
122:
121:
117:
115:
112:
111:
107:
105:
102:
101:
93:
88:
87:
78:
76:
73:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
55:
50:
49:
44:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
19:
5095:
5059:. Retrieved
5039:
5006:
4992:
4939:. Retrieved
4919:
4895:
4879:. Retrieved
4869:
4844:
4830:
4816:
4799:
4794:google books
4781:
4751:
4744:google books
4731:
4709:. Retrieved
4685:
4678:
4658:
4651:
4631:
4624:
4604:
4597:
4588:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4560:
4554:
4534:
4512:. Retrieved
4492:
4485:
4477:
4472:
4452:
4445:
4440:Keay, xx-xxi
4436:
4427:
4419:
4400:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4345:
4338:
4325:google books
4320:
4310:google books
4305:
4295:google books
4290:
4285:
4280:Rowland, 273
4276:
4267:
4262:Ahmed, xviii
4258:
4249:
4235:
4229:
4205:
4194:, retrieved
4174:
4167:
4148:
4138:
4125:google books
4112:
4107:
4095:. Retrieved
4084:
4058:. Retrieved
4043:
4024:
4018:
3998:
3991:
3979:. Retrieved
3970:
3961:
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3928:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3879:
3869:
3856:
3847:
3830:
3806:
3784:Ranjit Singh
3749:Central Asia
3747:origin from
3745:Turco-Mongol
3743:, who had a
3702:
3662:Ahom Kingdom
3638:Ahom kingdom
3578:and Central
3458:Sena dynasty
3290:
3209:
3198:
3187:
3176:
3093:
3082:
3071:
3060:
3036:
3025:
2855:South Indian
2837:Chola Empire
2771:Chola Empire
2683:, rulers of
2663:
2651:Gupta Empire
2648:
2642:Gupta Empire
2582:LATER GUPTAS
2549:
2477:PANDUVAMSHIS
2457:
2299:
2296:Burton Stein
2289:
2281:
2265:
2186:
2132:
2102:
2090:Gupta Empire
2077:
2076:
1941:Demographics
1931:Architecture
1711:French India
1701:Danish India
1581:Bengal Subah
1571:Bhoi dynasty
1501:Koch Kingdom
1336:Ahom Kingdom
1238:
1210:Deva Kingdom
902:Huna Kingdom
842:Gupta Empire
744:(AD 35β405 )
703:Kanva Empire
675: 50 BC
557:Chola Empire
496:(312β303 BC)
486:(321β184 BC)
476:(330β323 BC)
466:(380β321 BC)
462:Nanda Empire
456:(424β345 BC)
438:(550β330 BC)
394:(684β424 BC)
384:(799β684 BC)
374:(700β200 BC)
296:Swat culture
142:Chalcolithic
54:Palaeolithic
18:
4222:Banglapedia
4060:28 December
3939:20 December
3861:Grove Press
3817:Peter Hardy
3773:Sikh Empire
3763:Maharashtra
3666:Brahmaputra
3568:Uttaranchal
2757:Pala Empire
2737:Maharashtra
2638:Alchon Huns
2268:Middle Ages
2180:were under
2170:Afghanistan
2148:Kingdom of
2113:Pala Empire
2111:, with the
1926:Agriculture
1896:South India
1871:Maharashtra
1821:Balochistan
1761:Afghanistan
1735:(1858β1947)
1731:British Raj
1725:(1757β1858)
1721:Company Raj
1715:(1759β1954)
1705:(1620β1869)
1695:(1605β1825)
1691:Dutch India
1685:(1510β1961)
1672:(1510β1961)
1655:(1799β1849)
1651:Sikh Empire
1645:(1729β1947)
1635:(1707β1799)
1625:(1674β1818)
1615:(1650β1948)
1605:(1642β1975)
1595:(1600β1750)
1585:(1576β1757)
1575:(1541β1804)
1565:(1532β1673)
1555:(1529β1736)
1545:(1540β1556)
1535:(1526β1858)
1522:(1526β1858)
1505:(1515β1947)
1495:(1499β1763)
1485:(1518β1687)
1474:(1492β1686)
1463:(1492β1619)
1452:(1490β1574)
1441:(1490β1636)
1430:(1490β1596)
1420:(1470β1842)
1410:(1434β1541)
1400:(1399β1947)
1390:(1358β1803)
1380:(1352β1576)
1370:(1336β1646)
1360:(1325β1448)
1350:(1300β1779)
1340:(1228β1826)
1330:(1451β1526)
1319:(1414β1451)
1308:(1320β1414)
1297:(1290β1320)
1286:(1206β1290)
1275:(1206β1526)
1265:(1170β1206)
1242:(1206β1526)
1223: 1300
1219: 1200
1204:(1187β1673)
1194:(1156β1184)
1174:(1102β1766)
1164:(1083β1323)
1154:(1078β1434)
1144:(1070β1230)
1140:Sena Empire
1134:(1040β1347)
1124:(1003β1320)
1050:Pala Empire
912:Rai Kingdom
754:(AD 60β240)
687:(185β73 BC)
443:Ror Dynasty
163: 3950
5050:9004135618
4941:1 November
4881:1 November
4853:0140561021
4825:0002557177
4813:Keay, John
4808:0300062176
4790:8131732029
4740:1317236734
4724:References
4463:0226742210
4360:0226742210
4121:8120800532
3853:Keay, John
3668:valley in
3648:Koch Bihar
3621:Bangladesh
3574:, Western
3072:CHUDASAMAS
2989:QARLUGHIDS
2931:South Asia
2835:and Tamil
2775:Tamil Nadu
2542:TOCHARIANS
2383:ZHANGZHUNG
2336:South Asia
2197:Ghaznavids
2134:Chaturanga
2006:Philosophy
1986:Metallurgy
1976:Literature
1901:Tamil Nadu
1766:Bangladesh
1541:Sur Empire
1255:(977β1186)
1221: β c.
1184:(675β1210)
1114:(973β1189)
1104:(942β1244)
1094:(882β1110)
1084:(850β1334)
1074:(800β1327)
1054:(750β1174)
1034:(694β1947)
1014:(650β1036)
994:(624β1075)
962: 700
960: β c.
958: 550
931: 500
876:(350β1100)
866:(350β1000)
834: 600
832: β c.
830: 250
813: 500
811: β c.
809: 250
732: 130
707:(75β26 BC)
673: β c.
671: 150
602: β c.
568:β AD 1279)
551:β AD 1102)
534:β AD 1345)
513: β c.
426: 600
411:β AD 1600)
219:Bronze Age
4774:961216293
4420:Resonance
4097:12 August
3652:Koch Hajo
3556:Rajasthan
3526:, in the
3524:Karnataka
3516:Kannadiga
3486:Jharkhand
3398:Bodh Gaya
3384:Jharkhand
3188:KAKATIYAS
3177:NAGVANSIS
3131:JAISALMER
3094:CHANDELAS
3039:SULTANATE
2960:(MAMLUKS)
2951:SULTANATE
2865:Karnataka
2858:Kannadiga
2815:Karnataka
2805:Jharkhand
2687:and some
2670:John Keay
2600:CHALUKYAS
2571:MANDAVYA-
2401:SAMATATAS
2365:LICCHAVIS
2232:gunpowder
2162:Indonesia
2154:Sri Lanka
2105:religions
1956:Education
1946:Dynasties
1866:Rajasthan
1851:Karnataka
1796:Sri Lanka
1064:(753β982)
1044:(736β916)
1024:(661β750)
1004:(632β661)
984:(618β841)
974:(606β647)
943:(543β753)
916:(489β632)
906:(475β576)
896:(475β767)
886:(420β624)
856:(345β525)
846:(280β550)
794:(230β360)
784:(224β651)
774:(210β340)
764:(170β350)
727:(AD 21 β
585:β AD 800)
337:Janapadas
165:β1900 BC)
92:Neolithic
5141:Category
5061:24 April
5055:Archived
4935:Archived
4893:(1960).
4875:Archived
4705:Archived
4508:Archived
4408:Archived
4328:Archived
4323:, 2008,
4313:Archived
4298:Archived
4293:, 2002,
4214:Archived
4196:28 March
4190:archived
4128:Archived
4091:Archived
4054:Archived
3975:Archived
3933:Archived
3899:13472872
3877:(1913).
3855:(2000).
3781:Maharaja
3731:Wadiyars
3715:century.
3586:and the
3530:region.
3496:Devagiri
3330:Khandesh
3258:KADAMBAS
3249:HOYSALAS
3167:KARNATAS
3122:KHANGARS
3113:BUNDELAS
2893:Kamarupa
2873:Halebidu
2819:Bahubali
2761:Buddhist
2591:THANESAR
2504:GONANDAS
2468:KALINGAS
2430:PALLAVAS
2421:KUNDINAS
2410:KAMARUPA
2199:and the
2158:Malaysia
2021:Timeline
2011:Religion
1991:Military
1981:Maritime
1971:Language
1961:Indology
1791:Pakistan
1781:Maldives
1479: β
1468: β
1457: β
1446: β
1435: β
1324: β
1313: β
1302: β
1291: β
1280: β
428:β300 BC)
368: β
357: β
346: β
335: β
314:Iron Age
294: β
283: β
262: β
251: β
240: β
4711:17 June
4514:30 June
3981:14 June
3786:in the
3656:Mughals
3564:Gujarat
3520:Telugus
3472:Kalinga
3394:Magadha
3345:Gujarat
3231:PANDYAS
3222:YADAVAS
3210:EASTERN
3158:AMARKOT
3061:GUJARAT
3026:SOOMRAS
2933:1250 CE
2785:Kannada
2747:Kannada
2719:Kannada
2701:of the
2622:PERSIAN
2552:VALABHI
2531:WESTERN
2513:KANNAUJ
2458:ALCHONS
2419:VISHNU-
2356:PANDYAS
2310:Periods
2236:Mughals
2201:Ghurids
2191:by the
2115:on the
2084:of the
1951:Economy
1936:Coinage
1856:Kashmir
1836:Gujarat
933:β 1026)
43:Outline
5105:
5073:
5047:
4977:
4927:
4903:
4851:
4837:
4823:
4806:
4788:
4772:
4762:
4738:
4697:
4666:
4639:
4612:
4542:
4500:
4460:
4357:
4353:,146.
4242:
4182:
4156:
4119:
4031:
4006:
3897:
3887:
3727:Mysore
3598:until
3552:Rajput
3476:Odisha
3324:under
3267:CHERAS
3240:CHOLAS
3212:GANGAS
3199:CHODAS
3140:MARWAR
3051:EMPIRE
3049:MONGOL
3037:MAKRAN
3016:KUMAON
2998:MARYUL
2883:Telugu
2861:empire
2829:Odisha
2789:Badami
2765:Bengal
2751:Telugu
2733:Ellora
2723:Badami
2699:Harsha
2685:Telugu
2624:EMPIRE
2613:CHURIS
2448:NEZAKS
2439:ALUPAS
2392:CHERAS
2374:CHOLAS
2338:600 CE
2304:Guptas
2195:, the
2176:, and
2160:, and
1886:Odisha
1881:Punjab
1826:Bengal
1771:Bhutan
4756:(PDF)
3839:Notes
3741:Babur
3680:Assam
3670:Assam
3630:Assam
3535:Hampi
3468:Hindu
3451:Mewat
3436:Nepal
3422:Delhi
3412:Bihar
3380:Bihar
3355:Malwa
3316:Burma
3149:AMBER
3104:MEWAR
3083:MALWA
2942:DELHI
2897:Assam
2869:Belur
2689:Tamil
2674:rajas
2611:KALA-
2609:EARLY
2562:SINDH
2533:TURKS
2522:TAKKA
2486:GAUDA
2347:MORIS
2193:Arabs
2174:Tibet
2150:Chola
2146:Hindu
2143:Tamil
2139:Chess
2129:India
2125:Bihar
1906:Tibet
1891:Sindh
1846:Kabul
1831:Bihar
1816:Assam
1786:Nepal
1776:India
5103:ISBN
5071:ISBN
5063:2014
5045:ISBN
4975:ISBN
4943:2020
4925:ISBN
4901:ISBN
4883:2020
4849:ISBN
4835:ISBN
4821:ISBN
4804:ISBN
4786:ISBN
4770:OCLC
4760:ISBN
4736:ISBN
4713:2019
4695:ISBN
4664:ISBN
4637:ISBN
4610:ISBN
4540:ISBN
4516:2019
4498:ISBN
4458:ISBN
4355:ISBN
4240:ISBN
4198:2019
4180:ISBN
4154:ISBN
4117:ISBN
4099:2017
4062:2010
4029:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3983:2019
3941:2016
3895:OCLC
3885:ISBN
3721:, a
3632:and
3456:The
3382:and
3007:GUGE
2978:LOHA
2969:AHOM
2881:, a
2843:and
2573:PURA
2250:and
2066:The
4414:by
4220:in
3594:in
2980:RAS
2676:.
5143::
5053:.
4933:.
4815:,
4768:.
4703:.
4689:.
4524:^
4506:.
4418:.
4351:26
4248:.
4188:,
4089:.
4083:.
4070:^
3973:.
3969:.
3931:.
3927:.
3893:.
3859:.
3815:.
3619:,
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