Knowledge

6583:, p. 130: "Soon after his arrival al-Husseini was received in state by the Iraqi politicians who welcomed and feted him and voted him an immediate subvention of ID 18,000 to be folloed by other grants throughout his stay in Iraq: ID 1,000 monthly from hidden funds of the Iraqi secret service, 2 percent of the salary of every Iraqi government official including the military and the police, grants of ID 12,000 between 1939 and mid-1940 for the relief of distress in Palestine, and special sums donated by the Palestine Defense Society, the Red Crescent, and other public donations. He received gifts from Egypt, from King 'Abd al-'Azis Al Sa'ud, payments of some ID 60,000 from the Germans and some ID 40,000 from the Italians, who also promised £20,000 in gold monthly if al-Husseini initiated another Palestine revolt. He was the guest of honor at state functions and, with his 5,000 to 6,000 followers, al-Husseini installed a mini-government in Baghdad where he settled and began to renew contact with old friends and make new ones in the Iraqi army and police force, with lawyers, doctors and teachers. By 1941 his influence was such that he could place Palestinians in the Iraqi bureaucracy, adding more teachers and other professionals to those Palestinians already working in Iraq. It was said that he controlled hirings, firings, and promotions in Iraqi government departments, that he could have passports issued on demand to his followers, and that he could authorize the importation of personal effects into Iraq duty-free. He controlled newspapers and propaganda mechanisms, some mutually with German influence and money, which were not interfered with." 4472:, p. 190: "On December 31 (1947), Macatee, the American consul general in Jerusalem, filed a report summing up the events of the month following the UN decision to partition Palestine. ... Terror ruled Palestine, Macatee wrote. That situation certainly would continue until Britain withdrew. The direct cause of terror was partition; other causes were the Arabs patriotic feelings and their hatred of Jews. As an example, Macatee described who the Arabs were shooting at: a Jewish woman, the mother of five children, hanging her laundry on the line; the ambulance that took her to the hospital; and mourners attending her funeral. The roads between the Jewish settlements were blocked, supplies of food were spotty and the Arabs even attacked police vehicles. The Jews were quieter: the Stern Gang (LEHI) struck only at the British and the Hagana at Arabs only in retaliation. ETZEL, which had started such actions, apparently had the Hagana in tow, and if attacks on Jews continued, the Hagana might switch from a policy of protecting lives to aggressive defense. The Jewish Agency, wrote Macatee, was correct to a certain extent in its claim that the British were supporting the Arabs...The Arab's leader, al-Husseini, enjoyed popular support in the Arab states….The arabs of Eretz Israel did not dare to oppose Haj Amin, yet neither did they rally en masse around his flag in the war against the Zionists." 3365: 5038:, pp. 81–86."Faysal's fall marked an important turning point. From then until 1948, Palestinian politics and loyalties were determined by the idea of an independent Palestine." (p.86) "The platform drawn up in Haifa would change little over the next few decades. It contained the following six elements: the first public recognition of Palestine, as it would be constituted by the mandate, as a distinct political entity for the people living there.. a total rejection of any political or moral right of the Jews over Palestine; a declaration of unity among the Palestinian Arabs to supersede any other loyalties, such as those to religion, region, and clan; a call to the new administration to halt any transfers of Arab or state lands to Jewish control; the demand to close Palestine to further immigration; a call to recognize the Arab executive Committee.. as a legitimate representative of the population before the British authorities (with a status similar to that defined for the Jewish Agency).." (p.86) 2309: 2317:, which had recommended an Arab-majority state and an end to building a Jewish national home. The rejection was based on its perceived failure to promise an end to immigration; the land policy it advocated was thought to provide imperfect remedies: and the promised independence appeared to depend on Jewish assent and cooperation. Husseini, who also had personal interests threatened by these arrangements, also feared that acceptance would strengthen the hand of his political opponents in the Palestine national movement, such as the Nashashibis. Schwanitz and Rubin argued that Husseini was a great influence on Hitler and that his rejectionism was, ironically, the real causal factor for the establishment of the state of Israel, a thesis Mikics, who regards Husseini as a "radical anti-semite", finds both "astonishing" and "silly", since it would logically entail the collateral thesis that the Zionist movement triggered the 3346: 2983: 3056: 1780:"demanded that British administration expropriate the wall for the Jews". In reply, the Muslims organized a Defence Committee for the Protection of the Noble Buraq, and huge crowd rallies took place on the Al-Aqsa plaza in protest. Work, often noisy, was immediately undertaken on a mosque above the Jewish prayer site. Disturbances such as opening a passage for donkeys to pass through the area, angered worshippers. After intense negotiations, the Zionist organisation denied any intent to take over the whole Haram Ash-Sharif, but demanded the government expropriate and raze the Moroccan quarter. A law of 1924 allowed the British authorities to expropriate property, and fear of this in turn greatly agitated the Muslim community, though the laws of donation of the waqf explicitly disallowed any such alienation. After lengthy deliberation, a 3126: 3268: 4626:, p. 23: "There is an element of amnesiac historiography in the vilification of the mufti, influenced by his subsequent career after 1936. In fact, Husayni served the British exceedingly well for the decade and a half after his appointment, at least until 1936 when he felt obliged to align himself with a growing popular rebellion against his former British masters. One indication of how valuable the British perceived the mufti to be is the willingness of the notoriously tight-fisted Mandatory administration to subsidize him. When the revenues of the public awqaf properties declined after the Great Depression of 1929, and with it the revenues of the Supreme Muslim Council, the latter were supplemented by British subventions starting in 1931, which were naturally kept secret.". 4448: 2396:. They expressed their approval of the anti-Jewish boycott in Germany and asked Wolff not to send any Jews to Palestine. Wolff subsequently wrote in his annual report for that year that the Arabs' political naïvety led them to fail to recognize the link between German Jewish policy and their problems in Palestine, and that their enthusiasm for Nazi Germany was devoid of any real understanding of the phenomenon. The various proposals by Palestinian Arab notables like al-Husseini were rejected consistently over the years out of concern to avoid disrupting Anglo-German relations, in line with Germany's policy of not imperiling their economic and cultural interests in the region by a change in their policy of neutrality, and respect for British interests. Hitler's 1946:. It was also a day of Muslim prayer. A large crowd, composed of many people from outlying villages, thronged into Jerusalem, many armed with sticks and knives. It is not known whether this was organized by al-Husseini or the result of spontaneous mobilisation. The sermon at Al-Aqsa was to be delivered by another preacher, but Luke prevailed on al-Husseini to leave his home and go to the mosque, where he was greeted as "the sword of the faith" and where he instructed the preacher to deliver a pacific sermon, while sending an urgent message for police reinforcements around the Haram. In response to the peaceful address, extremists harangued the crowd, accusing al-Husseini of being an infidel to the Muslim cause. The same violent accusation was launched in 2933:, Feival Polkes, Polkes supported German foreign policy in the Near East and offered to work for them in intelligence. Eichmann and Hagen spent one night in Haifa but were refused a visa to stay any longer. They met Polkes in Cairo instead. Eichmann stated that he had only been introduced to al-Husseini during an official reception, along with all other department heads, and there is no evidence, despite intensive investigations, that shows al-Husseini to have been a close collaborator of Eichmann, exercising influence over him or accompanying on visits to death camps. The Jerusalem court accepted Wisliceny's testimony about a key conversation between Eichmann and the mufti, and found as proven that al-Husseini had aimed to implement the Final Solution. 2698: 2746: 2964: 3646:– "when the sword talks, there is no place for talking". Many recalled his policy of assassinating mukhtars in the Revolt of 1936–39 and viewed al-Husseini and his kind as "an assembly of traitors". The opposition of a relevant percentage of the Palestinian society to al-Husseini goes back to an earlier period and was also connected to the British way of dealing with the local majority: "The present administration of Palestine", lamented for example the representatives of the Palestine Arab Delegation in a letter to British public opinion in 1930, "is appointed by His Majesty's Government and governs the country through an autocratic system in which the population has no say". 6671:, p. 9 "As a result of these meetings an agreement was initialled whereby the Arabs of Palestine (through their representatives, the members of the AHC), undertook to support Britain and agree to the White Paper on condition that the clause pertaining to the country's independence be put into application forthwith and not after a ten-year period of transition as provided in the original document. Nuri al-Sa'id, with the consent of his government, undertook to place two divisions (about half of the Iraqi army) at the disposal of the Allies outside Iraq (in other words, to take an active part in the fighting against the Axis), if the agreement were implemented." 8605:) he was persuaded that world Judaism supported Zionists in a secretive manner and exercised a major influence over decision-making in Great Britain and the United States. For some time (during WW2) he was certain (based on real facts) that the Zionists were seeking to assassinate him. … It is evident that he gradually came to identify his battle in Palestine with that of Germany against world Judaism. The reading of all those passages in his memoirs devoted to his European sojourn reveal an assimilation of the content of european antisemitism, with their two great themes of the identification of Judaism with financial capitalism (Anglo-Saxons), and of the 7281:, p. 96 writes: "The Mufti materials were highly prejudicial, and the argument constructed from them was deeply troubling. ... Eichmann's and the Mufti's crimes had nothing to do with each other. The prosecution's attempt to link Eichmann symbolically with the Arabs, Israel's bitterest enemy, showed its preoccupation with the contemporary situation of the Jewish state. The success of this effort to prejudice the court is clear in the judges' willingness to entertain the Mufti evidence and to incorporate it into their judgment in a coy passage that identifies shared goals but not a shred of actual joint criminal activity." 3225:; that partisans be amnestied if they laid down their arms; that the civilian population not be subject to vexations by troops; that assistance be offered to innocents injured by operations; and that harsh measures like deportations, confiscations of goods, or executions be governed in accordance with the rule of law. The Handschar earned a repute for brutality in ridding north-eastern Bosnia of Serbs and partisans: many local Muslims, observing the violence, were driven to go over to the communist partisans. Once redeployed outside Bosnia, and as the fortunes of war turned, mass defections and desertions took place, and 6075:, p. 272: "terrorism was employed by both sides during the Arab Revolt. Palestinian guerrilla warfare included violence against British officials, Jewish civilians, and members of the Opposition, some of whom were collaborators. The British and Zionist forces, in an attempt to suppress the rebellion, indiscriminately shot and bombed civilians, used suspects as human minesweepers, executed Palestinians for minor offenses, and operated with the Opposition to assassinate rebels. Political assassination, however, was used far more frequently by the supporters of the Mufti against pro-British and Opposition members." 8673:, pp. 21–22, "He was deeply anti-Semitic. He later explained the Holocaust as owing to the Jew's sabotage of the German war effort in World War I and the millennia of Gentile anti-Semitism as due to the Jews' 'chararacter': (quoting al-Husseini) 'One of the most prominent facets of the Jewish character is their exaggerated conceit and selfishness, rooted in their belief that they are the chosen people of God. There is no limit to their covetousness and they prevent others from enjoying the Good. … They have no pity and are known for their hatred, rivalry and hardness, as Allah described them in the Qur'an.' " 3217:, his main enemies being Jewish settlers in Palestine and the English. During a visit in July 1943 the Mufti said: "The active cooperation of the world's 400 million Muslims with their loyal friends, the German, can be of decisive influence upon the outcome of the war. You, my Bosnian Muslims, are the first Islamic division serve as an example of the active collaboration....My enemy's enemy is my friend." Himmler in addressing the unit on another occasion declared "Germany the Reich have been friends of Islam for the past two centuries, owing not to expediency but to friendly conviction. We have the same goals." 6356:, pp. 212–213:"It should be quite clear that this relation (arose) not, as a number of authors have nonetheless argued, because of a presumed affinity of their ideology with that of the Nazis or Fascists, no such thing existed, but by virtue of the wholly political logic (of events) that saw in the enemies (in deed or potentially) of their own enemies their own friends, particularly if the latter have already provided evidence – and this was, precisely, the case with Germany, and all the more so, with Italy – of being interested, in terms of the same political logic, in giving support to their cause".(" 3280: 7173:, p. 69: "During his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, Eichmann denied having known the Mufti well, affirming he had met him only once during an official reception. The evidence for the friendship came from Dieter Wisliceny, one of Eichmann's aides, who months before the Nuremberg trials had begun to prepare an alibi for himself at the expense of Eichmann. Wisliceny went much further and accused the Mufti of being an 'initiator' of the extermination policy. Other evidence of the Mufti's alleged role came from Rudolf Kastner (a Jewish leader in Hungary), who reported that Wisliceny had told him that ' 6991:, pp. 307–308 "Germany has no ambitions in this area but cares only to annihilate the power which produces the Jews". And earlier: "It is clear that the Jews have accomplished nothing in Palestine and their claims are lies. Everything that has been achieved in Palestine is due to the Arabs and not the Jews. I (Hitler) have decided to find a solution to the Jewish problem, approaching it step by step without holding back. In this regard, I am about to make a just and indispensable appeal, firstly to all the European countries and, later, to countries outside of Europe". Also in 3287:, who loathed Husseini as a Nazi collaborator, and who were aware that states were competing to employ Nazis and Nazi collaborators, gathered war-crimes documentation on al-Husseini's role in the Holocaust. This was done in order to prevent his reinstatement to a leadership position in Palestine, in an attempt to have him arrested and prosecuted, and in the context of an intensive public relations exercise to establish a Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. The reputation of Haj Amin al-Husseini among Jews in the immediate postwar period is indicated by the observation by 1698:, still governed by Ottoman law, was bitterly protested before the British authorities by the Muslim authorities. If Muslims could cite an Ottoman regulation of 1912 specifically forbidding objects like seating to be introduced, the Jews could cite testimonies to the fact that before 1914 certain exceptions had been made to improve their access and use of the Wall. The decade witnessed several such episodes of strong friction, and the simmering tensions came to a head in late 1928, only to erupt, after a brief respite, into an explosion of violence a year later. 2000: 1931: 3655: 2040: 2502:, and among American Jews, whose opinion was important were Britain to gain American support in the war. That summer, Britain dropped all attempts to deal with al-Husseini, and he threw in his lot with Germany. al-Husseini's dissatisfaction with Nuri's pro-British politics, in the meantime, was exacerbated by the latter's refusal to intervene with the British on behalf of the families, all of whom he knew, of 39 Palestinians who had been sentenced to death in secret trials for, in Husseini's view, the crime of defending their country. 1979:, concluded that the incident on 23 August consisted of an attack by Arabs on Jews, but rejected the view that the riots had been premeditated. Al-Husseini certainly played an energetic role in Muslim demonstrations from 1928 onwards, but could not be held responsible for the August riots, even if he had "a share in the responsibility for the disturbances". He had nonetheless collaborated from the 23rd of that month in pacifying rioters and reestablishing order. The worst outbreaks occurred in areas, Hebron, Safed, 7217:"It is doubtful whether Eichmann made contact with al-Husseini even in 1942, when the latter resided in Berlin. If this fallen idol makes an occasional appearance in Eichmann's office correspondence it is because Eichmann's superiors at the Foreign Office found the Mufti a very useful sacred cow, always to be invoked when the reception of Jewish refugees in Palestine was under discussion. Dieter Wisliceny even believed that Eichmann regarded al-Husseini as a colleague in a much expanded post-war Final Solution." 7786:, p. 31:"The hearts of all Muslims must today go out to our Islamic brothers in Bosnia, who are forced to endure a tragic fate. They are being persecuted by the Serbian and communist bandits, who receive support from England and the Soviet Union.... They are being murdered, their possessions are robbed, and their villages are burned. England and its allies bear a great accountability before history for mishandling and murdering Europe's Muslims, just as they have done in the Arabic lands and in India." 3035: 2430:(August 1937), to whom he professed his belief that America was remote from imperialist ambitions and therefore able to understand that Zionism "represented a hostile and imperialist aggression directed against an inhabited country". In a meeting with Wadsworth on 31 August, he expressed his fears that Jewish influence in the United States might persuade the country to side with Zionists. In the same period he courted the French government by expressing a willingness to assist them in the region. 1718: 6167:, p. 274: "Between November 1939 and June 1940 thirty-nine Palestinians were condemned to death in secret British trials. The Mufti knew most of the condemned rebels or their families personally. Their families desperately appealed to him to intervene, but all he could do was turn to fellow Muslims and Arabs to intercede with the British. In one such appeal, he wrote an Indian friend that the British were annihilating the 'best element,' whose only crime was 'to defend their country'." 5140:, p. 11:"He demanded that the title Grand Mufti, which had been granted to his brother by the British for cooperating with them, also be given to him, and that his salary be higher than that of the other muftis. Richmond and Storrs supported this claim, arguing that since, from the spiritual and religious points of view, the status of Jerusalem was superior to that of other regions in Palestine, the Mufti of Jerusalem should be considered head of the country's Muslim community. ". 2220: 3959: 2352:. Hitler himself often spoke of the "infamy of Versailles". Unlike France and Great Britain it had not exercised imperial designs on the Middle East, and its past policy of non-intervention was interpreted as a token of good will. While the scholarly consensus is that Husseini's motives for supporting the Axis powers and his alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy were deeply inflected by anti-Jewish and anti-Zionist ideology from the outset, some scholars, notably 14239: 4138: 2269:, disguised as a Bedouin, where he reconstituted the committee under his leadership. Though terrorism was used by both sides, Al-Husseini's tactics, his abuse of power to punish other clans, and the killing of political adversaries he considered "traitors", alienated many Palestinian Arabs. One local leader, Abu Shair, told Da'ud al-Husayni, an emissary from Damascus who bore a list of people to be assassinated during the uprising "I don't work for 809: 33: 5204:, pp. 31–32:"It was not scholarly religious credentials that made Hajj Amin an attractive candidate for president of the SMC in the eyes of colonial officials. Rather, it was the combination of his being an effective nationalist activist and a member of one of Jerusalem's most respected notable families that made it advantageous to align his interests with those of the British administration and thereby keep him on a short tether." 8852:: "His extraordinary exaggeration of Husseini's complicity, and by implication that of the entire Palestinian people, is a blatant attempt to stigmatize and delegitimize any sympathy or concern for Palestinian rights and statehood. Netanyahu's shameful and indecent speech is a disservice to anyone – Jew and non-Jew – for whom research, teaching, and preservation of the historical truth of the Holocaust has value, meaning, and purpose." 13179: 2806: 2344: 1507:, to withdraw. This automatically promoted Amin al-Husseini to third position, which, under Ottoman law, allowed him to qualify, and Samuel then chose him as Mufti. His initial appointment was as Mufti, but when the Supreme Muslim Council was created in the following year, Husseini demanded and received the title Grand Mufti that had earlier been created, perhaps on the lines of Egyptian usage, by the British for his half-brother 1812: 4124: 3878: 2786:, of which he served as honorary chair. In the speech, he harshly criticised those he considered as aggressors against Muslims, namely "Jews, Bolsheviks and Anglo-Saxons." At the time of the opening of the Islamic Central Institute, there were an estimated 3,000 Muslims in Germany, including 400 German converts. The Islamic Central Institute gave the Muslims in Germany institutional ties to the "Third Reich". 13167: 570: 1690:, led to increased conflict between the two communities, each seeing the site only from their own traditional perspective and interests. Zionist narratives pinpointed al-Husseini's works on, and publicity about, the site and threats to it, as attempts to restore his own family's waning prestige. Arab narratives read the heightened agitation of certain Jewish groups over the Wall as an attempt to revive 1855:, a statement which encouraged in turn Arab suspicions that local agreements were again being overthrown by Jewish intrigues abroad. News that the Zurich Congress, in creating the Jewish Agency on 11 August, had brought unity among Zionists and the world Jewish community, a measure that would greatly increase Jewish investment in British Palestine, set off alarm bells. On 15 August, 7161:, Israel's preeminent Holocaust scholar, is a prominent case in point. 'After the war, they caught him (Wisliceny) and tried him at Nuremberg, where he tried to eschew all responsibility, saying: 'It wasn't Hitler, it wasn't me, it was the mufti', ... It's clear that his account is untrue: the Germans had started annihilating the Jews half a year before Hitler and the mufti met'." 7870:, p. 497:"the objective was not to synthesize National Socialism and Islam, nor to convert the Bosnian Muslims (who, it said, though racially Germanic, were ideologically part of the Arab world) to National Socialism ... though distinct the two ideologies would act together against their common enemies—Jews, Anglo-Americans, Communists, Freemasons, and the Catholic Church." 5380:, pp. 77f. writes that Rabbi Kook had preached as early as 1920: "The Temple Mount is Israel's holy place, and even should it be under the hand of others for long days and periods of time, it will finally come into our hands..., which could merely mean however that, in rabbinical thought, with the coming of the Messiah, the Temple would automatically revert to the Jews." 8092:, pp. 156–157 regarding Ben-Gurion's relationship with al-Husseini writes of "(his) old tactic of projecting an image of reasonableness and placing the onus for the deadlock on the shoulders of his Arab opponents. This was the tactic that had served him so well in relation to the grand Mufti, Hajj Amin al-Husseini, and other Arab leaders in the pre-Independence period". 3454: 2356:, deny that the relationship can be taken to reflect a putative affinity of Arab nationalism with Nazi/Fascist ideology, and that men like Husseini chose them as allies for purely strategic reasons, on the grounds that, as Husseini later wrote in his memoirs, "the enemy of your enemy is your friend". British policy was to ease Husseini "into oblivion" by ignoring him, 4152: 3086:". Only about 6,300 Arab soldiers ended up being trained by German military organisations, no more than 1,300 from Palestine, Syria and Iraq combined. In contrast, Britain managed to recruit 9,000 from Palestine alone and a quarter of a million North African troops served in the French Army of Liberation where they made up the majority of its dead and wounded. 4667:, p. 20: "The leadership of al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Arab Higher Committee, which had dominated Palestinian Arab political scene since the 1920s, was devastated by the disaster of 1948 and discredited by its failure to prevent it. The socio-economic base underlying the political power of traditional Palestinian Arab notables was severely disrupted." 5026:) after the failure, with the French overthrow of Faisal, of the pan-Arab project for a Greater Syria, embracing also Lebanon and Palestine. The Haifa conference, 13–20 December 1920, "marks the basic date in the history of the Palestinian question: it is the historical moment where the Palestinian version of nationalism prevails over the pan-Arab version." 2192:, responded by engaging in negotiations with al-Husseini and the Committee. The talks, however, soon proved fruitless. Al-Husseini issued a series of warnings, threatening the "revenge of God Almighty" unless the Jewish immigration were to stop, and the general strike began, paralyzing the government, public transportation, Arab businesses and agriculture. 5924:, pp. 292, 297f. One such discovery, in the port of Haifa, in October 1935, of a shipment of arms from Germany, with the apparent authorization of the Nazi Ministry for Internal Affairs, and destined for the Haganah, led to great agitation and played into the hands of those Arabs who pressed for more radical activities. translation needed. 3557: 3374: 3016: 8566:, pp. 214–215:"Zionist and Israeli leaders, however, have exploited the Mufti's activities to denigrate the Palestinian resistance against Israeli occupation as in fact Nazi inspired from the beginning and thus as fundamentally anti-Semitic. The latest example for these efforts is Israeli Foreign Minister 4452:, who argued that the destruction of European Jewry was committed by European powers and that it was Europe that should make a place for the survivors or grant them a state on its territory, not the Palestinians. For all of these reasons, they prioritized their war-crimes documentation efforts on the hunt for 3437:, and other Arab politicians in the company of Nazis and their Italian and Japanese allies. It claimed to demonstrate that German Nazis and Palestinian politicians (some of whom were requesting recognition at the UN in 1947 as representatives of the Palestinian Arab population) had made common cause during 5050:, p. 25:"Through his position Haj Amin, with the blessing of the British, was able to play a pivotal role in the course of Palestinian nationalist politics. He sought eventually to combine his religious role with his political position in the burgeoning area of Palestinian nationalist agitation." 3877: 1811: 4053: 3625: 3279: 3234: 3204: 2977: 2772: 2730: 2576: 2497: 2456: 2227: 1950: 1518: 3556: 3506: 3453: 3015: 2998: 2899: 2713: 2392:, Heinrich Wolff, an open supporter of Zionism, sent a telegram to Berlin reporting al-Husseini's belief that Palestinian Muslims were enthusiastic about the new regime and looked forward to the spread of fascism throughout the region. Wolff met al-Husseini and many sheikhs again, a month later, at 2071: 1999: 442: 12237: 6359: 3690: 3561: 3345: 3267: 2864: 2472: 2347: 2324: 4973: 4447: 3994: 3885: 3857: 2679: 2367: 2240: 1816: 1685: 3034: 2972: 2805: 8740: 6380: 4421: 3958: 2954: 2343: 2030: 1930: 1850: 3844: 3811: 3462: 3199: 2308: 8439: 3840: 3735: 3566: 2484: 2091: 3920: 3104: 2963: 783: 9002: 1484:, in March 1921. Elections were then held, and of the four candidates running for the office of Mufti, al-Husseini received the fewest votes, the first three being Nashashibi candidates. Nevertheless, Samuel was anxious to keep a balance between the al-Husseinis and their rival clan the 5128:), a title which had hitherto been unknown in Palestine but which was probably copied from Egypt. This gesture was, in part, meant as a reward for Kāmil's cooperation with the British, but it may have been intended to substitute some kind of a new hierarchy for the former Ottoman one". 3441: 2968:, none of the documents presented at Eichmann's trial prove that it was al-Husseini's interference, in these "acts of total evil," that prevented the children's rescue. In June 1943 al-Husseini recommended to the Hungarian minister that it would be better to send Jews in Hungary to 3112: 2195: 7762:, p. 313:"Overall, it is fairest to say that the Yugoslavian insurgency was a racial – national – ideological – religious struggle that was unique in its barbarity and excesses were perpetrated by all of the warring sides against both combatants and the civilian population." 2406: 4852:, pp. 152–153:Both local Palestinian Arabs and Jews played almost no role in the conquest of Palestine: the former enlisted after the Arab revolt and were active east of the Jordan, the latter were recruited after the conquest of Jerusalem and saw little military action. 2537:, released from his imprisonment in Palestine. They asked him if he would undertake to kill or kidnap al-Husseini and destroy Iraq's oil refineries. Raziel agreed on condition he be allowed to kidnap al-Husseini. Raziel and other Irgun militants were flown to the RAF base at 8435:, murder, and act of sabotage. The Jordanian authorities, always apprehensive of the Palestinians, suspected that the ex-Mufti – and various Arab regimes – were sponsoring terrorism from Jordan against Israel in order to foment trouble between the two and to destabilize the 1372: 2928: 5745:, p. 46; gives 133 Jewish killed, and 339 wounded, 116 Arabs known to be killed, and 232 known to be wounded, the latter almost entirely due to police actions. The Arab wounded are those registered by the Mandatory authorities. Many preferred to hide their injuries. 1798: 4614:, p. 192:"the leading Palestinian political group that developed during the mandate was very largely dominated by Islamic discourse and led by the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini. However, it long found its basic support in Muslim-Christian Associations." 3890: 2152: 2641:"recognize in principle the unity, independence, and sovereignty, of an Arab state, including Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan", he offered support in the war against Britain and stated his willingness to discuss the issues of "the Holy Places, Lebanon, the 1278:, established in March 1920. In addition to his support to pan-Arabist policies of King Faisal I, al-Husseini tried to destabilize the British rule in Palestine, which was declared to be part of the Arab Kingdom, even though no authority was exercised in reality. 1821: 1769:, that this virtually changed the lane into a synagogue, and violated the status quo, as had the collapsible seats in 1926. British constables, encountering a refusal, used force to remove the screen, and a jostling clash ensued between worshippers and police. 4110: 3947:(M)erely to discuss his life is to be caught up in the Arab–Israeli propaganda war. To make an impartial assessment of the man's career—or, for that matter, an unbiased history of the Arab–Israeli dispute—is like trying to ride two bicycles at the same time. 3318:'s request he would be handed over to the British. In September, the French decided to organize his transfer to an Arab country. Egypt, Saudi Arabia or Yemen were considered and diplomatic contacts were made with their authorities and with the Arab League. 6375:واعتبرت المانيا بلدآ صديقآ لأنها لم تكن دولة مستعمرة ولم يسبق لها أن تعرضت بسوء لأية دولة عربية أو اسلامية, ولأنها كانت تقاتل أعداءنا من مستعمرين و صهيونيين, ولان عدو عدوك صديقك, و كنت موقنآ, أن انتصار المانيا سينقذ بلادنا حتمآ من خطر الصهيونية و الاستعمار 3639: 1606: 2872:... told him in summer 1943 that the Germans had "already exterminated more than three million" Jews: "I was astonished by this figure, as I had known nothing about the matter until then." ... Thus. in 1943, Husseini knew about the genocide... . 1745:. A month later, an article appeared in the Jewish press proposing the purchase and destruction of houses in the Moroccan quarter bordering on the wall to improve pilgrim access and thereby further the "Redemption of Israel." Soon after, on 23 September, 2498: 2880: 2796: 784: 3220: 3229: 8527:, p. 228:"the Zionist biographers, especially Maurice Pearlman and Joseph B. Schechtman, rely on the Western press; they lack even an elementary familiarity with al-Husayni, Islam, the Arabic language, or Palestinian society and its politics." 3507: 1741:. On the 26th, the completion of the first stage of restoration work on the Haram's mosques was celebrated with great pomp, in the presence of representatives from the Muslim countries which had financed the project, the Mandatory authorities, and 3433:), al-Husseini's diary account of meeting Hitler, several letters to German officials in several countries where he requested that Jews never be permitted to emigrate from Europe to a Jewish Home in Palestine, and many photographs of al-Husseini, 3321: 4264: 1568:, bickering between these two families seriously undermined any Palestinian Arab unity. In 1936, however, they achieved a measure of concerted policy when all the Palestinian Arab groups joined to create a permanent executive organ known as the 4002: 3137: 7774:, pp. 97–98: "a scorched-earth practice commenced ... During the operation, we carried out the complete annihilation of the Moslem inhabitants, without regard to their sex and age ... The whole population has been annihilated." 2011:. Consular documentation discarded the plot thesis rapidly, and identified the deeper cause as political, not religious, namely in what the Palin report had earlier identified as profound Arab discontent over Zionism. Arab memoirs on the 2949: 4430:), war-crimes documentation, and in some cases arms smuggling. They loathed Husayni as a Nazi collaborator and viewed his possible return to leadership in Palestine as a threat. They lamented the allied preoccupation with the emerging 4033: 2402: 2212:. As Wauchope warned of an impending military campaign and simultaneously offered to dispatch a Royal Commission of Inquiry to hear the Arab complaints, the Arab Higher Committee called off the strike on 11 October. When the promised 2769:, who until recently had been the German ambassador to Iraq. His version of the crucial words reads "when the hour of Arab liberation comes, Germany has no interest there other than the destruction of the power protecting the Jews". 2325: 3914:, "represented the Palestinian Arab national consensus, had the backing of the Palestinian political parties that functioned in Palestine, and was recognized in some form by Arab governments as the voice of the Palestinian people". 2468:'s agreement, to Iraq, and he was to play an influential role there in the following two years. Nuri as-Said hoped to negotiate concessions on Palestine with the British in exchange for a declaration of support for Great Britain. A 8609:(the Jews as responsible for the two world wars). On the other hand, a racist vision of world history is totally absent from his general worldview. … Taken together, his writings after 1945 do not show him as having an attitude of 8080:, p. 691:"In all the sessions of the American Jewish Conference and its interim committees, no proposal was put forward for the trial of any specific individual or category of individuals, save one: the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem." 1500:. They then moved to secure for the Husseini clan a compensatory function of prestige by appointing one of them to the position of mufti, and, with the support of Raghib al-Nashashibi, prevailing upon the Nashashibi front-runner, 3142: 1474: 3263: 5240:, p. 38 This excludes funds for land purchases. The "Jewish Agency", mentioned in article 4 of the Mandate only became the official term in 1928. At the time the organisation was called the Palestine Zionist Executive. 3827: 3630: 2813: 8741: 2305:. By June 1939, after the disintegration of the revolt, Husseini's policy of killing only proven turncoats changed to one of liquidating all suspects, even members of his own family, according to one intelligence report. 4038:(the defeat of 1948 and the departure of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who had been driven out of their lands) in the sense that he bears a share of responsibility for what has happened to the Palestinian people. 3985: 4223:, writing on the uncertainty of al-Husseini's birthdate, notes that he wrote both 1895 and 1896 on official documents between 1921 and 1934, which Mattar suggests was due to both years corresponding to 1313 A.H. in the 8590: 2916:, stated that al-Husseini had actively encouraged the extermination of European Jews, and that al-Husseini had a meeting with Eichmann at his office, during which Eichmann gave him a view of the current state of the " 3368: 2621:, or SIM). Al-Husseini was not welcome in Turkey, nor given permission nor visa to enter; however, he traveled through Turkey with the help of Italian and Japanese diplomats to get to Bulgaria and eventually Italy. 759:. In November 1916 he obtained a three-month disability leave from the army and returned to Jerusalem. He was recovering from an illness there when the city was captured by the British a year later. The British and 1976: 763:, for which some 500 Palestinian Arabs were estimated to have volunteered, completed their conquest of Ottoman-controlled Palestine and Syria in 1918. As a Sherifian officer, al-Husseini recruited men to serve in 8570:'s circulating a photograph of a meeting between the Mufti and Adolf Hitler in Berlin in 1941 in order to provide a convincing argument why Israel had the right to expand building activities in East Jerusalem." 1915:(wall petitions), without harming however three Jews present. Contacted by Luke, al-Husseini undertook to do his best to maintain calm on the Haram, but could not stop demonstrators from gathering at the Wall. 1479: 3708:, while entering the Haram ash-Sharif to pray. There is no evidence al-Husseini was involved, though Musa al-Husayni was among the six indicted and executed after a disputed verdict. Abdullah was succeeded by 1882: 895: 1455:("Brotherhood and Purity"), played an important role in clandestine anti-British and anti-Zionist activities, and, via members in the gendarmerie, had engaged in riotous activities as early as April 1920. 2385: 4434: 3105: 2668: 2853: 1428:, which set down a Palestinian framework and passed over in silence the earlier idea of a south confederated with Syria. This framework set the tone of Palestinian nationalism for the ensuing decades. 2999: 3626: 3498: 2031: 1615: 1345:, Colonel Bertie Harry Waters-Taylor, to demonstrate to the world that Arabs would not tolerate a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The assertion was never proven, and Meinertzhagen was dismissed. 2525:, concerned at the impact an attempt on his life might have in Iraq where his resistance to the British was widely admired. After the coup of April 1941, British called on assistance from the 4235: 4175: 3271: 1348: 2888: 7181: 3326:. It took more than 12 days for the French foreign minister to realize he had fled, and the British were not able to arrest him in Egypt, after that country granted him political asylum. 2688: 2364:, Husseini was reluctant to lend his voice in support of Britain "because it had destroyed Palestinian villages, executed and imprisoned Palestinian fighters, and exiled their leaders". 4007:, unfounded on any evidence, at the time of the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Various sources have repeatedly alleged that he visited other concentration camps, and also the death camps of 3200: 2568: 2426:. Promised arms shipments never eventuated. This was not the only diplomatic front on which al-Husseini was active. A month after his visit to Döhle, he wrote to the American Consul 3364: 3163: 2253:. Al-Husseini was not among the indicted but, fearing imprisonment, on 13–14 October, after sliding under cover of darkness down a rope from the Haram's wall, he himself fled, in a 3803:, almost all trace of his memory thereafter vanished from Palestinian awareness, and Palestinians have raised no monument to his memory, or written books commemorating his deeds. 3779: 3156: 3090: 11592: 1918: 6360: 6191:, p. 15:"Both Italy and Britain came to the realization in the late 1930s as the clouds of war began to descend on Europe that support for the Arabs would prove fruitful." 2580: 11892: 3078:. The Mufti was paid "an absolute fortune" of 50,000 marks a month (when a German field marshal was making 25,000 marks a year), the equivalent today of $ 12,000,000 a year. 2418: 712: 14373: 3333:, thanking France for its hospitality and suggesting that France continue this policy to increase its prestige in the eyes of all Muslims. In September, a delegation of the 6305:. The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA's original operative. 1989. Page 181. "Most of them (the Nazis) were anti-Arab, although they had the wit to conceal that fact." 2818: 2098: 13289: 6975: 3716:, who had been present at the murder, eventually lifted the ban in 1967, receiving al-Husseini as an honoured guest in his Jerusalem royal residence after uprooting the 3590:. Hilmi's cabinet consisted largely of relatives and followers of Amin al-Husseini, but also included representatives of other factions of the Palestinian ruling class. 3169: 2027: 2019:(troubles) follow a contemporary proclamation for the Defence of the Wall on 31 August, which justified the riots as legitimate, but nowhere mention a coordinated plan. 9067: 3723: 2735: 2657:, who met al-Husseini on 27 October. According to al-Husseini's account, it was an amicable meeting in which Mussolini expressed his hostility to the Jews and Zionism. 12456: 12141: 11901: 3598: 2481:, though he was not yet an openly pro-Axis supporter, and al-Husseini's personal secretary Kemal Hadad acted as a liaison between the Axis powers and these officers. 13245: 1987: 2165:. After the start of the revolt, most of that money was used to finance the activities of his representatives throughout the country. To Italy's Consul-General in 1939:, considered this beyond his brief—which was limited to an appeal for calm—and the Arabs in turn refused. They agreed to pursue their dialogue the following week. 983: 13277: 4260:. And, certainly, opponents of Palestinian nationalism have made good use of those activities to associate the Palestinian national movement with European-style 11354: 5948:, pp. 210–211 mentions £138,000 from 10 September 1936 to 15 June 1938. Earlier, in January 1936 Italy had given al-Husseini £12,000 of a promised £25,000. 3337: 1963:. In all, in the killings and subsequent revenge attacks, 136 Arabs and 135 Jews died, while 340 of the latter were wounded, as well as an estimated 240 Arabs. 5617:, p. 79:"This was done to ensure a new major influx of non-Zionist American wealth into the country to support the development of a Jewish national home". 1935: 602:. The al-Husseini clan consisted of wealthy landowners in southern Palestine, centered around the district of Jerusalem. Thirteen members of the clan had been 553:. Historians also note that Husseini was not the only non-European nationalist leader to have cooperated with Nazi Germany against Britain, citing examples of 4054: 3881: 2714: 1439:. The frustration of pan-Arab aspirations lent an Islamic colour to the struggle for independence, and increasing resort to the idea of restoring the land to 9080: 3524:. This partially accounts for the absence of an organized Arab force and for the insufficient amount of arms, which plagued the Arab defenders of Jerusalem. 3520:, a supporter of al-Husseini, said he refused to issue arms to anyone except his loyal supporters, and only recruited loyal supporters for the forces of the 13295: 1623:. Under Richmond's supervision, the Turkish architect drew up a plan, and the execution of the works gave a notable stimulus to the revival of traditional 2169:, Mariano de Angelis, he explained in July that his decision to get directly involved in the conflict arose from the trust he reposed in Italian dictator 14318: 13271: 1420: 932: 14328: 13998: 6619:, pp. 273–274: "pointed out: 'No element in all Iraqi-British relations 1941 was more powerful in poisoning them than Palestine Question', citing 978: 3858: 3853:, while rehabilitating him from other charges, concludes his chapter concerning al-Husseini's involvement in the extermination of the Jews as follows 1911:. Muslim worshippers, after prayers on the esplanade of the Haram, passed through the narrow lane by the Wailing Wall and ripped up prayer books, and 13189: 4185: 4180: 3977: 2334: 467: 13193: 12439: 4901: 1467: 427: 11878: 4285:, the leader of a Lebanese Christian group called the Phalange, who believed that Nazi Germany represented the wave of the future… Members of the 3413: 2994: 9171: 4449: 2095: 1388: 9109: 4338: 3510: 2773: 2738: 1772: 968: 14293: 14028: 13475: 13238: 9450: 9031: 7906:) – That Islam (for Muslims) and national socialism (for Germans) would serve as educational tools to create order, discipline, and loyalty." 6091: 3407: 3391: 2544: 2072: 958: 3954: 3617: 2982: 13129:. (Lattakia: Dar al-Manara). Abu Shaqra also published a second edition in 1989 in Damascus with further details covering events post-1936. 9337: 3837: 1267:(Southern Syria). The paper was published in Jerusalem beginning in September 1919 by the lawyer Muhammad Hassan al-Budayri, and edited by 549: 3736: 14298: 2865: 2360:, mediating, endeavoured to get him to side with the Allies against the Germans. The overture was considered then rebuffed: according to 1523: 7882:, p. 67:"Husseini and the Germans opted against forming any synopsis between Islam and national socialism. ... The Idea of Family ( 5324:, pp. 42–72 for a detailed account of Richmond's role. Richmond authored an important volume on the Haram (Ernest Tatham Richmond, 13983: 13411: 11660: 10816: 8613:, whilst Arab politicians of the first rank, in the period of Eichmann's trial, had begun to adopt (precisely) this kind of discourse." 8370: 8143:, p. 236"...Musa al-Alami surmised that the Mufti would agree to partition if he were promised that he would rule the Arab state". 8701:", … the " one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry (…) has no (…) historical substantiation". (p.175). 3055: 2634: 1694:'s interest in Zionism after some years of relative decline, depression and emigration. Each attempt to make minor alterations to the 681: 13978: 8582:, pp. 467, 469–470; "In terms of his initial formation, Haj Amin was far from being an antisemite. He had learned French at the 3125: 3007: 2917: 816: 2301: 537: 14278: 14108: 14038: 14003: 13231: 11604: 8431:, pp. 57ff., 232: "Both before and after 1948, the Yishuv was convinced that the ex-Mufti's hand was behind every anti-Jewish 2457: 13968: 11711: 11705: 10067: 3943:, discussing the difficulties of describing al-Husseini's life and its motivations, summarized the problem in the following way: 3702: 1791: 844: 3609: 554: 14338: 13480: 11656: 9359: 5152:, p. 22: "After their occupation of the country, the British created the entirely new post of 'grand mufti of Palestine' ( 4355:"The grand mufti, Alami has claimed, expressed interest in the Idea of Jewish Palestine as part of a larger Arab federation." ( 3832:. More recent biographers such as Philip Mattar and Elpeleg, writing in the late 1980s and early 1990s, began to emphasize his 2741:). In short, Jews were not simply to be driven out of the German sphere but would be hunted down and destroyed even beyond it. 2141: 2135: 1729: 1220: 447: 13183: 1440: 14363: 13098: 13074: 13042: 13021: 13000: 12973: 12950: 12929: 12905: 12884: 12861: 12840: 12821: 12793: 12757: 12726: 12667: 12646: 12625: 12599: 12575: 12514: 12465: 12425: 12372: 12351: 12313: 12292: 12264: 12205: 12181: 12130: 12084: 12063: 12038: 12015: 11991: 11970: 11864: 11818: 11797: 11773: 11752: 11728: 11690: 11562: 11538: 11514: 11490: 11469: 11448: 11425: 11398: 11322: 11301: 11227: 11203: 11179: 11151: 11126: 11101: 11073: 11045: 11017: 10992: 10967: 10942: 10914: 10886: 10856: 10802: 10778: 10750: 10725: 10695: 10674: 10650: 10629: 10610: 10589: 10565: 10541: 10518: 10497: 10467: 10441: 10420: 10399: 10348: 10327: 10302: 10277: 10250: 10227: 10204: 10183: 10164: 10109: 10088: 10047: 10023: 9964: 9937: 9916: 9895: 9874: 9853: 9832: 9789: 9755: 9731: 9703: 9673: 9641: 9617: 9596: 9572: 9551: 9530: 9509: 9485: 9406: 9387: 9345: 9314: 9295: 9267: 9218: 9194: 9157: 9129: 9056: 8995: 8976: 8952: 3425:. This booklet included copies of communications between Haj Amin al-Husseini and high ranking Nazis (e.g. Heinrich Himmler, 2223: 523: 519: 13606: 3406: 14333: 13646: 13218: 5786: 3873: 3445: 3292: 2521: 1338: 4974: 1776:. Worldwide Jewish protests remonstrated with Britain for the violence exercised at the Wall. The Jewish National Council 1531: 14283: 14018: 13963: 12690: 11608: 8366: 5701:, p. 171 asserts that "The matter was sufficiently important.. for this not to be (read as) an attempt to secure an 4343: 1992: 1463: 2697: 2422: 14358: 14303: 14263: 13958: 13201: 3748: 3047: 2126:. Rumours, and occasional discovery of caches and shipments of arms, strengthened military preparations on both sides. 1560:, were more disposed to a compromise with the Jews, and indeed had for some years received annual subventions from the 9068:"'We are the gatekeepers of historical truth. We'll fight for it even when it is inconsistent with Israel's interest'" 8440: 3474:. He was involved in some high level negotiations between Arab leaders—before and during the War—at a meeting held in 3022: 1662: 14100: 14023: 13171: 12567: 12491: 12278: 12226: 11364: 2530: 1996: 1817: 1357: 919: 527: 9799: 8583: 3235: 645: 14348: 13888: 13880: 13544: 10742: 4227:. Mattar found no documentary evidence for Husseini's claim, written later in life, that he was born in 1897. (See 2802: 1762: 1753: 1262: 1259:) for influence over public opinion, and he soon became its president. At the same time, he wrote articles for the 522:, but this government won limited recognition and was eventually dissolved by Egypt in 1959. After the war and the 478: 4964:, pp. 23ff. for a reading which follows closely Meinertzhagen's reading of the events as a British army plot. 3402: 3256: 3177:, Serb and Muslim communities suffered huge losses of life, Bosnian Muslims losing around 85,000 from a genocidal 14308: 13254: 9425: 4243:, p. 425), had used Mattar's dating of 1895, but revised this to 1897 as more probable in his second volume. 2560: 2447: 2004: 1813: 1431: 1323: 1010: 13626: 8944: 8369:), answer to a question on notice, House of Commons debates, 1 December 1943; Hansard, vol 395 paragraphs 347–8 3812: 3295: 3195:, or to create local defense units. Following a tradition of service in the old Bosnian regiments of the former 2776: 14368: 14048: 13810: 13404: 12776:"Frenchman, Jews, or Arabs? Jews of the Arab World between European Colonialism, Zionism, and Arab Nationalism" 4170: 3563: 3395: 3023: 2793: 2649:". The Italian foreign ministry approved al-Husseini's proposal, recommended giving him a grant of one million 2612: 2541: 1356:, great pressure was brought to bear on the military administration from Zionist leaders and officials such as 1294: 998: 924: 873: 745: 685: 391: 12678: 5605:, p. 632. n.3: "Fixed hours of Jewish worship" was given, instead of "customary hours of Jewish worship". 4289: 2745: 14353: 11933: 11874: 5300:, pp. 131–132 for a detailed list of the several sites on the Haram that underwent extensive renovation. 4080: 4020: 3961: 3594: 3540: 2593: 2464: 1305:, organiser of Jewish paramilitary defences, received a 15-year sentence. Al-Husseini, then a teacher at the 479: 13616: 13596: 13576: 4023:, but according to Höpp there is little conclusive documentary evidence to substantiate these other visits. 3990:. Netanyahu's remarks were broadly criticized, and dismissed by Holocaust scholars from Israel and Germany. 2900: 2380:, there is no reliable evidence to support such a claim. In 1933, within weeks of Hitler's rise to power in 13993: 13953: 13943: 13492: 5312:, p. 61 The name is occasionally given as Kamal Bey, or Kamal al-Din in primary and secondary sources. 3185: 3139: 3129: 3070: 1988: 1089: 1005: 990: 13509: 12785: 11506: 2835: 2549: 2439: 1674: 14323: 14313: 14118: 13948: 13938: 13214: 11390: 11314: 10290: 9242:(3): 783–815 – via GWonline: Bibliography, Filmography and Webography on Gender and War since 1600. 9234: 9167: 2978: 2489: 2427: 2173:'s backing and promises. Upon al-Husseini's initiative, the leaders of Palestinian Arab clans formed the 839: 603: 11888: 3965: 2339: 2204: 526:, his claims to leadership were discredited and he was eventually sidelined by the establishment of the 14343: 14288: 14089: 14082: 14013: 13692: 13454: 13205: 12216: 11580: 11093: 10294: 4266: 3205: 1213: 902: 854: 825: 221: 3466: 1443:. From his election as Mufti until 1923, al-Husseini exercised total control over the secret society, 14242: 14043: 13933: 13830: 13519: 13497: 13397: 13301: 13140: 12781: 11701: 9437: 3887: 3753: 3728: 3471: 3231: 2807: 2750: 2282: 2266: 2083: 963: 9230:"The Mufti's Men: Haj Amin al-Husayni and SS Parachute Expeditions to Palestine and Iraq, 1944–1945" 6381: 2079:, on which he was to serve as president. Versions differ as to whether or not al-Husseini supported 1588:, launched an international campaign in Muslim countries to gather funds to restore and improve the 1580: 13551: 13318: 12745: 11813:. Translated by Lotan, Yaer. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 11065: 9659: 9379: 6620: 6463:, p. 87 Wolff's wife was Jewish, and he was forced to resign in 1936. Hans Döhle replaced him. 4274: 3724: 3599: 3545: 3359: 2832: 2189: 1417: 1234: 907: 694: 515: 431: 147: 3654: 3578: 2216: 1245:. That year al-Husseini founded the pro-British Jerusalem branch of the Syrian-based "Arab Club" ( 14204: 14123: 13908: 12779: 11143: 10924: 10896: 10870: 4257: 4232: 4165: 3788: 3636: 3511: 3487: 3446: 3196: 3130: 3004: 2969: 2298: 2246: 2142: 2103: 1860: 1851: 1655: 1432: 1425: 1349: 1172: 546: 411: 9695: 9081:"In Netanyahu's mufti-Holocaust allegation, echoes of his father's maverick approach to history" 4417: 4277: 2685: 2473: 1334:, who worked in close concert, that al-Husseini had been put up to inciting the riot by British 13631: 13356: 13332: 12563: 11242: 11213: 11189: 11161: 10062: 9951: 3870: 3776: 3671: 3222: 3114: 2943:, that the evidence for an Eichmann- al-Husseini connection was based on rumour and unfounded. 2706: 2597: 2522: 2254: 2201: 2076: 1927: 1847: 1804: 1581: 1535: 1515: 1504: 1182: 1094: 1084: 1064: 752: 702: 550: 491: 190: 182: 12984: 12961: 12919: 12811: 12775: 12657: 12415: 12341: 12074: 11854: 11612: 11193: 11137: 11087: 11031: 10792: 10685: 10640: 10529: 10455: 10288: 10238: 10194: 10076: 9956: 9927: 9864: 9843: 9779: 9663: 9499: 9475: 9418:"A Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold: The Battle for Jerusalem in the Memoirs of Anwar Nusseibeh" 9377: 9259: 5533: 5122:, pp. 19, 78:"Soon after the British began to style Kāmil al-Husaynī as the Grand Muftī ( 2039: 1368:, the Military Governor of Jerusalem, removed him without further inquiry, replacing him with 771:, a task he undertook while employed as a recruiter by the British military administration in 14268: 14189: 13923: 13918: 13795: 13775: 13586: 13556: 13350: 13062: 12940: 12749: 12613: 12557: 12451: 12435: 12411: 12282: 12103: 11981: 11927: 11504: 11480: 11459: 11417: 11384: 11112: 10736: 10579: 10555: 10431: 10313: 10261: 10099: 9885: 9822: 9721: 9717: 9631: 9607: 9562: 9520: 9208: 9046: 9018: 8966: 8942: 8606: 7177:, the Grand Mufti ... played a role in the decision ... to exterminate the European Jews ... 3911: 3882: 3696: 3603: 3334: 2939: 2885: 2604: 2310: 2286: 2229: 2174: 2099: 1569: 1421: 1401: 1331: 1275: 1206: 889: 708: 558: 403: 132: 11942: 11649: 11003: 10824: 10664: 10481: 10389: 10057: 10013: 3562: 2376: 2177: 14273: 14224: 14194: 14154: 14149: 14053: 13928: 13765: 13344: 12248: 9445:. Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, April 1974. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem. 9373: 9355: 7888:) – the strong family sense possessed by the German and Muslim peoples. The Idea of Order ( 7450: 7448: 3991: 3737: 3692: 3610: 3533: 2723: 2510: 2349: 2197: 2080: 1952: 1923: 1904: 1742: 1726: 1707: 1497: 1369: 1286: 1282: 1196: 1152: 1104: 973: 912: 864: 588: 574: 511: 507: 419: 12382: 12238: 10241:. In Liebau, Heike; Bromber, Katrin; Lange, Katharina; Hamzah, Dyala; Ahuja, Ravi (eds.). 9328: 2513:, that al-Husseini be assassinated. The idea was broadly discussed only months later. The 2092: 8: 14214: 13571: 13504: 10984: 10959: 9804: 9651: 9085: 9003: 4278: 4058:, to use a term, is an utterly irrelevant consideration that shall not enter our gates." 3675: 3568: 2408: 2389: 2314: 2145: 1864: 1843: 1766: 1659: 1565: 1436: 1302: 1290: 1254: 1157: 1147: 1133: 1114: 660: 348: 10666: 10534: 10081: 7445: 2181: 14219: 14199: 14159: 14075: 14058: 14033: 13840: 13651: 13641: 13621: 13591: 13566: 12702: 12544: 12399: 12146: 12098: 11637: 11600: 11275: 11251: 11037: 10243: 10101: 9688: 9683: 9543: 9103: 4834: 3987: 3982: 3784: 3579: 3378: 3355: 3323: 3276: 3192: 1682: 1671: 1493: 1413: 1328: 1187: 1177: 1069: 1030: 832: 611: 487: 337: 13835: 13138: 12094: 9824: 9360:"Bibi's self-serving, Palestinian-blaming version of Nazi history is just plain wrong" 5570: 4554:, p. 109: "the scion of one the most influential notable families of Jerusalem." 2866: 1317:, was charged with inciting the Arab crowds with an inflammatory speech and sentenced 14179: 13870: 13805: 13720: 13700: 13374: 13151: 13094: 13070: 13038: 13017: 12996: 12969: 12946: 12925: 12901: 12880: 12857: 12836: 12817: 12789: 12753: 12722: 12714: 12694: 12663: 12642: 12621: 12595: 12571: 12510: 12487: 12480: 12461: 12421: 12403: 12368: 12347: 12337: 12323: 12309: 12305: 12288: 12260: 12253: 12222: 12201: 12177: 12126: 12080: 12059: 12034: 12027: 12011: 12001: 11987: 11966: 11884: 11860: 11856: 11814: 11793: 11769: 11748: 11724: 11686: 11558: 11534: 11510: 11486: 11465: 11444: 11421: 11410: 11394: 11318: 11297: 11293: 11223: 11199: 11175: 11147: 11122: 11097: 11069: 11041: 11013: 10988: 10963: 10938: 10910: 10882: 10852: 10841: 10798: 10774: 10746: 10721: 10691: 10670: 10646: 10625: 10606: 10585: 10561: 10551: 10537: 10514: 10493: 10463: 10437: 10416: 10395: 10344: 10323: 10298: 10273: 10246: 10223: 10200: 10179: 10160: 10150: 10105: 10084: 10043: 10019: 9960: 9949: 9933: 9912: 9891: 9870: 9849: 9828: 9785: 9766: 9751: 9727: 9699: 9669: 9652:"Establishment of Arab and Jewish Provisional Councils of Government – Working paper" 9637: 9613: 9592: 9568: 9547: 9526: 9505: 9481: 9402: 9383: 9341: 9310: 9291: 9263: 9252: 9214: 9190: 9153: 9139: 9125: 9052: 9051:. Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. 8991: 8972: 8948: 8567: 7727:, p. 47 named from the word for a Turkish policeman's sword (or fighting knife, 6302: 5443: 4193:(Muslim figure compared to Amin al-Husseini due to his affiliation with Nazi Germany) 3817: 3713: 3659: 3583: 3552: 3467: 3036: 2675:) interests of the Arabs, and as the Jewish question was solved in Germany and Italy. 2661: 2518: 2182: 1972: 1788: 1319: 1298: 808: 780: 686: 637: 12738: 10123: 10005: 9929: 8855: 4346:), vol. 1, chapter 2, British Mandate Government of Palestine: Jerusalem 1946, p. 23 3970: 3303: 2660: 2313:, against moderate Palestinian families who were minded to accept it, to reject the 1807: 14113: 13785: 13755: 13750: 13725: 13534: 13420: 13307: 12799: 12763: 12536: 12497: 12391: 12270: 12232: 12044: 11915: 11629: 11431: 11341: 10862: 10371: 10269: 9970: 9709: 9633: 9609: 9459: 9324: 9273: 9204: 4224: 4157: 4143: 4004: 3999: 3930: 3892: 3764: 3591: 3478: 3308: 3181: 3071: 2987: 2913: 2905: 2869: 2855: 2846: 2722:, but asked al-Husseini "to lock ...deep in his heart" the following points, which 2654: 2545: 2506: 2490: 2477: 2458: 2453: 2242: 2170: 2154: 2060: 2048: 2024: 1932: 1871: 1839: 1830: 1754: 1730: 1603: 1508: 1481: 1424:. Palestinian notables responded to the disaster by a series of resolutions at the 1306: 1124: 1109: 1099: 1018: 764: 633: 607: 599: 459: 439: 340: 297: 170: 13223: 10660: 9417: 8587: 1942: 1733: 1548:, or council supporters) and the Nashashibis and their allied clans (known as the 755: 649: 14164: 14133: 14128: 13973: 13913: 13860: 13790: 13770: 13745: 13735: 13636: 13514: 13210: 13088: 13032: 13011: 12915: 12895: 12872: 12851: 12771: 12636: 12589: 12362: 12327: 12303: 12195: 12171: 12120: 12053: 12005: 11960: 11843: 11832: 11808: 11787: 11763: 11742: 11680: 11552: 11528: 11482: 11359: 11312: 11291: 11217: 11165: 11059: 10978: 10953: 10928: 10900: 10764: 10709: 10600: 10508: 10410: 10338: 10215: 10154: 10037: 9906: 9781: 9745: 9586: 9582: 9541: 9285: 9147: 8592: 5326: 3966: 3796: 3709: 3667: 3595: 3517: 3430: 3426: 3399: 3330: 3248: 3173:(Shepherd's dagger). Driven by interethnic conflict, the region's Jewish, Croat, 3152: 3079: 3019: 2589: 2581: 2557: 2443: 2381: 2368: 2353: 2302: 2213: 2162: 1936: 1831: 1691: 1620: 1489: 1361: 1310: 1142: 1074: 1023: 641: 455: 451: 422:, was sentenced for ten years imprisonment but pardoned by the British. In 1921, 387: 383: 322: 127: 9013: 5577: 4320: 3910: 2924:. The allegation is dismissed by most serious historians. A single affidavit by 379: 14169: 14008: 13903: 13898: 13865: 13855: 13845: 13815: 13740: 13730: 13611: 13539: 13434: 13370: 12142:"Netanyahu Draws Broad Criticism After Saying a Palestinian Inspired Holocaust" 11828: 10832: 10812: 10788: 10760: 10477: 10451: 10119: 9982: 9471: 9364: 9027: 9009: 8962: 8362: 4453: 4282: 4026: 3926: 3862: 3813: 3679: 3663: 3587: 3418: 3373: 3300: 3003: 2925: 2909: 2842: 2836: 2611:, al-Husseini was taken under Italian protection. In an operation organized by 2486: 2423: 2178: 1971: 1891:, and chanting the slogan "The Wall is Ours". The following day coincided with 1888: 1385: 1342: 1324: 1314: 1046: 760: 682: 625: 423: 406:, but following its disestablishment, he moved back to Jerusalem, shifting his 371: 285: 278: 13199: 12395: 11633: 11576: 11345: 10012: 9477: 9463: 5158:), who was also designated the 'mufti of Jerusalem and the Palestine region' ( 4252:"The Hajj Amin's opportunistic wartime residence and propaganda activities in 3816:, described him as virulently antisemitic, as did, a decade and a half later, 3783: 3299: 1717: 14257: 14174: 13800: 13780: 13715: 13667: 13581: 13338: 13133: 12853: 12807: 12698: 12524: 12191: 12167: 12155: 11919: 11906: 11620: 11287: 11263: 11237: 11164:; Cüppers, Martin (2006b). Matthäus, Jürgen; Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (eds.). 11083: 11055: 11027: 10848: 10770: 10705: 10433: 10033: 9433: 9117: 8698: 5574: 4444: 4406: 4261: 4220: 4190: 3934: 3917: 3874: 3824: 3821: 3712:—who refused to allow al-Husseini entry into Jerusalem. Abdullah's grandson, 3614: 3541: 3521: 3479: 3304: 3284: 3226: 3174: 2951: 2946: 2934: 2538: 2469: 2377: 2361: 2262: 2056: 2020: 2007: 1856: 1561: 1524: 1381: 1365: 1335: 598:, the son of the mufti of that city and prominent early opponent of Zionism, 11783: 11192:; Cüppers, Martin (2010). Matthäus, Jürgen; Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (eds.). 10359: 9564: 9036: 4456:, the manager of the extermination policy, and on the case against Husayni." 2485: 1364:, dismissed, given his presence in the demonstration of the previous March. 14209: 13850: 13710: 13705: 13561: 13487: 13439: 13084: 11738: 11572: 11548: 11524: 11500: 11380: 10138: 9723: 9495: 9176: 8676: 8596: 7900:) – The idea that a people should be led by one leader. The Idea of Faith ( 7738:, p. 497), which had figured as an emblem on the Bosnian coat-of-arms. 7158: 5687: 5529:, p. 70. The Muslim name for the contested section of the wall, where 4253: 4129: 3951: 3866: 3780: 3683: 3483: 3438: 3421: 3288: 3272: 3257: 3101: 3083: 3075: 3031: 3027: 2973: 2965: 2810: 2789: 2766: 2732: 2719: 2710: 2650: 2534: 2465: 2357: 2297:, but, in October 1939, his deteriorating relationship with the French and 2209: 2044: 2014: 1912: 1738: 1687: 1663: 1651: 1644: 1599: 1595: 1268: 849: 800: 690: 606: 542: 475: 471: 463: 292: 6323: 5807: 3315: 2839: 652:. Antébi considered al-Husseini his pupil, and refers to him in a letter. 13825: 13682: 13529: 13524: 13470: 13449: 13146: 12921: 12244: 12099:"Qui était le mufti de Jérusalem ?(Who was the Mufti of Jerusalem?)" 11956: 11648: 11461: 11167: 10843: 10836: 10766: 10687: 10385: 9978: 9741: 9627: 9281: 9247: 9143: 8697:, pp. 102, 175:"the demonization of the Mufti serves to magnify the 8610: 7454: 6088: 4440: 4436: 3940: 3922: 3907: 3833: 3829: 3800: 3772: 3745: 3622: 3618: 3499: 3249: 3100:(Islam and Judaism) which closed with a quotation from Bukhari-Muslim by 3067: 3040: 2921: 2758: 2638: 2608: 2561: 2478: 2294: 2008: 1943: 1795: 1781: 1678: 1616: 1377: 1119: 768: 741: 725: 674: 581: 538: 503: 446: 407: 395: 12706: 12548: 11255: 11195: 9330: 6442: 3744:. He refused requests to lend his support to the emergent PLO after the 1721: 13760: 13677: 13672: 13601: 12609: 12585: 12540: 11641: 11279: 11009: 10717: 10485: 10319: 9987: 5912:, p. 104. Rosen notes that, by 1934, it had 63 cells (400 youths). 4904: 4427: 4414: 4342:(Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the 4286: 4046: 4042: 3850: 3749: 3450: 3434: 3414: 3403: 3214: 2896: 2798: 2642: 2585: 2569: 2553: 2514: 2494: 2474: 2290: 2250: 1875: 1777: 1758: 1746: 1695: 1667: 1539: 1485: 1353: 1041: 352: 12527:(2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". 12255: 12218: 10980: 10456:"The Formation of Palestinian Identity: The Critical Years, 1917-1923" 9229: 3314: 3311:, probably because they feared turning the Grand Mufti into a martyr. 2219: 13444: 13152: 12992: 12475: 11118: 10575: 10376: 9172:"Anger at Netanyahu claim Palestinian grand mufti inspired Holocaust" 8436: 4016: 4008: 3846: 3572: 3549: 3495: 2715: 2415: 2393: 2318: 2237: 2166: 2107: 1919: 1808: 1675: 1636: 1632: 1435:, centered on Jerusalem, which sought to block Jewish immigration to 1036: 772: 749: 717: 595: 569: 499: 367: 356: 63: 32: 12329: 9845: 5677:, p. 230 writes that it was in revenge for the former incident. 3902: 3188: 3109: 3059: 1835: 14184: 13893: 13389: 12778:. In Hary, Benjamin H.; Hayeseds, John Lewis; Astren, Fred (eds.). 12440:"Amin al-Husaini and the Holocaust. What Did the Grand Mufti Know?" 11810: 11240:(1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". 11219: 11139: 11005: 9770: 9032:"Sait-on qu' un Palestinien a créé un musée de l'Holocauste ?" 5530: 4431: 4410: 4012: 3974: 3475: 3253: 3210: 3178: 3148: 3044: 2731: 2664: 1908: 1884: 1879: 1773: 1734: 1238: 776: 729: 399: 390: 360: 12659: 12284: 11174:] (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 9501: 7489: 7487: 4900:, p. 40. The report was never published, the newly appointed 4879: 4239:, p. 624, n.5.) Laurens, in the first volume of his trilogy ( 4176: 3394: 2701: 1251:), which then vied with the Nashashibi-sponsored "Literary Club" ( 756: 13178: 13063:"Der Jude als Anti-Muslim: Amin al-Husseini und die "Judenfrage"" 12719: 12482: 11584: 7894:) – the idea of the New Order in Europe. The Idea of the Fũhrer ( 5748: 5571: 4270: 4055: 4050: 3741: 3144: 3106: 2930: 2340: 2233: 2123: 2064: 1784: 1624: 1528: 1471: 1393: 1079: 709: 698: 578: 415: 375: 11266:(1988). "The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Politics of Palestine". 11061: 7499: 7088: 5797: 5795: 4409: 3899: 3731: 3329: 3010: 2328: 13262: 13166: 13122: 12873:"The Mufti of Jerusalem and Palestine Arab Politics, 1930-1937" 10934: 10906: 10878: 10124:"Le grand mufti de Jérusalem en France: Histoire d'une évasion" 9747: 8988: 8968: 8432: 7484: 6502: 6092: 4740: 4418: 3845: 3792: 3768: 3760: 3732: 3537: 3296: 2815: 2783: 2754: 2681: 2573: 2499: 2419: 2161: 2149: 2148:. Initially, the riots were led by Farhan al-Sa'di, a militant 2088: 1750: 1640: 1628: 1501: 1476: 1409: 1405: 1397: 678: 656: 587: 531: 514:. In September 1948 he participated in the establishment of an 495: 344: 120: 88: 12964:. In Bahcheli, Tozun; Bartmann, Barry; Srebnik, Henry (eds.). 12343: 11172: 10266: 10239:"The Suppressed Discourse: Arab Victims of National Socialism" 8146: 7373: 7337: 7100: 6526: 3423: 3043:, have claimed that the mission included a plan to poison the 2680: 1686: 13988: 13283: 11873: 11332: 10482:"The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure" 7993: 7201: 7199: 7061: 6514: 5992: 5990: 5813: 5792: 5785:, p. 96, which records several long talks of members of 5702: 4907: 4837:?), le nombre d'Arabes palestiniens reclutés dépasse les 500. 4423: 4035: 3503: 3184: 2646: 2565: 2526: 2412: 2258: 2052: 1984: 1980: 1960: 1956: 1947: 1878: 1867: 1818: 1612: 1608: 1585: 1389: 1242: 1162: 953: 948: 859: 721: 713: 664: 615: 584: 483: 482:, he came under French protection, and then sought refuge in 435: 110: 100: 12638: 10933:. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: 10905:. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: 10877:. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: 10340: 10315: 9287: 8187: 8185: 6626: 5243: 4095: 3740: 3527: 3340: 2705: 1301: 359: 13378: 11947: 11943:"Historians, politicians slam PM's 'distortion of history'" 11355:"Did Zionism Cause the Holocaust? A New Biography Says Yes" 8640: 8470: 8296: 8122: 8059: 7981: 7706: 7511: 7397: 7313: 7112: 7010: 6858: 6822: 6418: 5831: 5356:, however, were manufactured in, and imported from, Turkey. 5020:, p. 545. 1920 was considered the "year of disaster" ( 4867: 2792: 2630: 2601: 2592: 2205: 2158: 2084: 1520: 12457: 12122: 11902:"Righteous among the Editors — when the Left loved Israel" 9439: 9094: 8771: 8759: 8716: 8482: 8448: 8446: 8100: 8098: 7921: 7670: 7583: 7523: 7248: 7196: 7049: 6286: 6284: 6170: 6054: 6018: 5987: 5963: 5632: 4931: 4713: 4569: 4067: 3752:, continued to work for the Jordanian monarchy even after 3695: 3252: 2749: 1297:. Much damage to Jewish life and property was caused. The 12985:"The Holocaust5: Narratives of Complicity and Victimhood" 12197: 11554: 11441: 9606: 9187: 8530: 8209: 8182: 7933: 7694: 7682: 7600: 7598: 7535: 6897: 6870: 6846: 6598: 6490: 6478: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6313: 6311: 6269: 6098: 5951: 5867: 5065: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4730: 4728: 3717: 3491: 3209: 2186: 12119: 12076: 11033: 8894: 8506: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8043: 7945: 7622: 7236: 7184: 7078: 7076: 7022: 6887: 6885: 6538: 6335: 6218: 5620: 5383: 4768: 4703: 4701: 4629: 4422: 4256: 3658: 1575: 12029: 11962: 9887: 9866: 9612:. Translated by David Harvey. Routledge. pp. 60–. 9122: 8941: 8906: 8547: 8545: 8443: 8398: 8386: 8170: 8095: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8010: 8008: 7789: 7610: 7385: 7349: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7136: 7124: 7039: 7037: 6998: 6734: 6466: 6406: 6281: 6194: 6110: 5927: 5879: 5101: 5089: 5077: 4648: 4646: 4644: 2940: 2937:, who was present at the trial, concluded in her book, 1274: 10602: 10557: 10176: 9908: 9784:. Vol. 1. New Brunswick and London: Transaction. 9522: 8940: 8795: 8628: 8374: 8344: 8272: 8248: 8110: 7634: 7595: 7547: 7433: 7361: 6798: 6762: 6722: 6710: 6698: 6674: 6650: 6430: 6389: 6329: 6308: 6247: 6245: 6230: 6206: 6188: 6146: 6122: 5855: 5496: 5207: 4792: 4780: 4725: 4686: 4521: 4509: 4497: 4186: 3662: 2684:, where he discussed the text of his declaration with 13067: 12740: 11983: 11834: 11571: 10738: 10710:"Arab Rebellion and Terrorism in Palestine 1929-1939" 10669:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 10620: 10015: 9800:"Full official record: What the mufti said to Hitler" 8882: 8870: 8807: 8783: 8682: 8652: 8616: 8494: 8410: 8332: 8320: 8308: 8284: 8238: 8236: 8221: 8197: 8158: 7969: 7957: 7909: 7849: 7813: 7741: 7460: 7421: 7325: 7301: 7260: 7224: 7073: 6921: 6909: 6882: 6810: 6786: 6638: 6134: 6042: 5975: 5656: 5267: 5255: 4987: 4855: 4698: 3544:, the Arab League—led by Egypt—decided to set up the 3410: 2753:, at the opening of the Islamic Central Institute in 2633: 2129: 2116:). This and another paramilitary youth organization, 13034: 12618: 11605:"PM Netanyahu's Speech at the 37th Zionist Congress" 10490: 10079:. In Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (eds.). 9588: 8831: 8747: 8704: 8542: 8458: 8260: 8020: 8005: 7837: 7825: 7801: 7658: 7646: 7559: 7472: 7409: 7284: 7034: 6834: 6774: 6550: 6030: 5540: 5359: 5279: 4980:) for the events, even several decades afterwards". 4943: 4919: 4809: 4641: 4581: 4533: 4119: 3806: 3763:, on 4 July 1974. He had wished to be buried on the 3066: 2891: 1874:'s plea on 8 August to the acting High Commissioner 1803: 1376: 1293: 13253: 13069:(in German). Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 41–51. 12945:(2nd.(rev.) ed.). Cambridge University Press. 12679:"Parallels between Nazi and Islamist Anti-Semitism" 12507: 11386: 10823:. Vol. 1, no. 1. Herzliya. Archived from 9798: 8918: 8861: 7571: 6257: 6242: 5470: 5468: 5167: 5053: 4557: 2958: 1534:The British initially balanced appointments to the 701:. However, Al-Husseini did not adopt his teacher's 13999:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 13114: 13054:The Palestine Problem in German Politics 1889-1945 13030: 12962:"Palestine 2003: the perils of de facto statehood" 12737: 12479: 12252: 12026: 11880:Minutes of the Seventeenth (Extraordinary) Session 11789:The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951 11409: 10840: 10360:"Hajj Amīn al-Ḥusaynī, the "creation" of a leader" 9948: 9687: 9654:. United Nations Palestine Commission. 1948. § 24. 9251: 8819: 8233: 6686: 6586: 6562: 6448: 5462:, p. 155 (translation needed) gives the 17th. 4593: 4485: 4336:See also the British account of this incident in: 2034: 1514:In 1922, al-Husseini was elected president of the 1289:broke out in protest at the implementation of the 744:in 1914, al-Husseini received a commission in the 474:against Britain, requesting during a meeting with 13090:Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood 12989:The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations 11222:. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 10642:Judah L. Magnes: An American Jewish Nonconformist 10412:Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1987-1988 9436:(1977). Gutman, Yisrael; Zuroff, Ephraim (eds.). 4181:Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world 3903:Evaluations of Husseini's historical significance 3213:speech said Husseini was reserved about fighting 2335:Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world 1527:'s annual budget. In addition, he controlled the 1408:. The struggle for Greater Syria collapsed after 450:against British rule, he fled and took refuge in 14374:People of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 14255: 13031:Yahil, Leni; Friedman, Ina; Galai, Haya (1991). 11723:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–188. 11212: 11160: 10550: 10458:. In Jankowski, James; Gershoni, Israel (eds.). 10042:. Vol. 1. Macmillan Library Reference USA. 9890:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–120. 9665:Western Imperialism in the Middle east 1914-1958 5465: 5035: 5008:, p. 37 citing the Palin Report, pp. 29–33. 3490:(Amin al-Husseini's nephew), were allocated the 3385: 3238: 2826: 2757:on 18 December 1942, during the Muslim festival 1658:were intended to rally Arab support against the 1650:Al-Husseini's vigorous efforts to transform the 728:, he studied at the School of Administration in 12620:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–103. 12125:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 7. 11188: 10462:. Columbia University Press. pp. 171–189. 7493: 5561:, pp. 153, 158–161, 162 translation needed 4392:, p. ? citing Abd al-Karim al-Umar (ed.), 3995:contains no support for Netanyahu's assertion. 1449:("The Self-Sacrificers"), which, together with 1285:procession in Jerusalem in April 1920, violent 1271:, both prominent members of al-Nadi al-'Arabi. 557:, Lebanese, and even the Jewish militant group 12856:. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. 12450: 11702:"Hajj Amin al-Husayni: The Mufti of Jerusalem" 11407: 10492:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–36. 10460:Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East 10222:. Princeton: Markus Wiener. pp. 217–221. 9210:City of Stone: The Hidden History of Jerusalem 9138: 7505: 7455:National Archives: released MI5 documents 2001 7106: 5249: 5047: 3567:declaration of independence over the whole of 1384:in particular, with Palestine understood as a 969:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority 689:and encouraged Islamic revolutions across the 14029:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 13476:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 13405: 13239: 12118: 11922:. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. 11900:Radosh, Ronald; Radosh, Allis (Summer 2008). 11530:1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war 11379: 10712:. In Kedourie, Elie; Haim, Sylvie G. (eds.). 10683: 10056: 10011: 10002: 9184: 7529: 7016: 6424: 6357: 5801: 5754: 5490: 5455: 5349: 5297: 5119: 4469: 3613:regarded the attempt to revive al-Husseini's 3392:United Nations Special Committee on Palestine 3089:The Mufti also wrote a pamphlet for the 13th 3011:Intervention in Palestine and Operation Atlas 2765:A separate record of the meeting was made by 2616: 2329:Ties with the Axis Powers during World War II 1519:a short tether.". The Council controlled the 1214: 414:. From as early as 1920, he actively opposed 13124: 13065:. In Günther, Niklas; Zankel, Sönke (eds.). 12384:International Journal of Middle East Studies 12287:. Abelard-Schuman, Israel University Press. 12243: 11899: 10831: 10811: 10645:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 251–. 10058:"Hajj Amin al-Husayni: Wartime Propagandist" 9591:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. 9338:National Archives and Records Administration 9323: 9048:Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence 8738: 8646: 8600: 8152: 8065: 7901: 7895: 7889: 7883: 7541: 6973: 6373: 5520: 5514: 5159: 5153: 5123: 5021: 4975: 4831: 4318: 4303: 4102: 4096: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4068: 3771:had captured East Jerusalem during the 1967 3703: 3641: 2859: 2845:refers to a meeting between al-Husseini and 2777: 2736: 2694:) of the Jewish National Home in Palestine. 2689: 2670: 2397: 2276: 2270: 2117: 2111: 2012: 1898: 1892: 1666:of Jerusalem, which belonged to the waqf of 1589: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1450: 1444: 1260: 1252: 1246: 732:, the most secular of Ottoman institutions. 668: 619: 13126:الحاج أمين الحسيني منذ ولادته حتى ثورة 1936 12662:(2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. 10714:Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel 9716: 9682: 9227: 7987: 7517: 7094: 4377: 4216: 4214: 4212: 1241:where he supported Emir Faisal for King of 787: 614:. In Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini attended a 14319:Mandatory Palestine people of World War II 13412: 13398: 13246: 13232: 13211:Newspaper clippings about Amin al-Husseini 12914: 12849: 12830: 12336: 12322: 12000: 11682:The Third Reich and the Palestine Question 10951: 10513:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 42–43. 10149: 9821:Gallagher, Nancy Elizabeth (13 May 2007). 9694:. University of California Press. p.  9658: 9399:Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon 9203: 9108:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9093: 9026: 8512: 7927: 7867: 7735: 7676: 7379: 7218: 7055: 6988: 6632: 6104: 6060: 5425:The longest accounts for the riots are in 5377: 4913: 4439:governments as well as governments in the 4281:… Or the Hajj Amin might have bumped into 3973:, longer than the articles on Himmler and 2624: 2564:al-Husseini used his influence to issue a 1488:. A year earlier the British had replaced 1221: 1207: 31: 14329:Ottoman military personnel of World War I 12713: 12434: 12410: 11599: 11577:"Reconsidering the 1948 Arab-Israeli War" 11135: 11001: 10797:(3rd ed.). Tauris Parke Paperbacks. 10415:. Vol. 4. Kluwer Law International. 10375: 9820: 9581: 8801: 8278: 8191: 7999: 7319: 7067: 6852: 6520: 6353: 6095:and Beirut. The second attempt succeeded. 6012: 5957: 5945: 4389: 3528:Establishment of All-Palestine Government 3341:Post-war Palestinian political leadership 3030:recruited from al-Husseini's associates, 2918:Solution of the Jewish Question in Europe 636:, and a Catholic secondary school run by 594:Amin al-Husseini was born around 1897 in 545:, or a combination of both. Opponents of 14109:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 14039:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 14004:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 13051: 12959: 12770: 12616:. In Rogan, Eugene; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). 12591:The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World 12173:Europe leaves the Middle East, 1936–1954 12024: 11841: 11827: 11761: 11438: 11310: 10734: 10624:. London: Lexington Books. p. 232. 10598: 10391:In Search of Fatima: A Palestinian Story 10236: 9925: 9904: 9777: 9764: 9539: 9470: 9372: 9354: 9307:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia 9304: 9166: 8849: 8813: 8563: 8500: 7628: 7616: 7466: 7278: 7254: 7242: 7205: 7190: 7028: 6967: 6955: 6951: 6544: 5828:, p. 36 citing Palin Report p. 184. 5502: 5426: 5261: 5213: 5201: 5083: 4873: 4803: 4611: 4527: 4515: 4503: 4209: 4083:Kidhbat Bay‘ al-Filastiniyin li-’Ardihim 3981:In October 2015, Israeli Prime Minister 3727:, al-Husseini also remained in exile at 3653: 3372: 3363: 3124: 3054: 2981: 2744: 2696: 2600:and after the new Persian government of 2249:: the remaining five were exiled to the 2218: 2106:and recruited from the Palestinian Arab 2038: 1716: 1511:. The position came with a life tenure. 765:Faisal bin Al Hussein bin Ali El-Hashemi 640:, the Catholic Frères, where he learned 568: 16:Palestinian Arab nationalist (1897–1974) 13984:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 13969:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 12381: 12139: 12093: 11845:The capture and trial of Adolf Eichmann 11718: 11712:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 11707:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 11699: 11678: 10923: 10895: 10869: 10815:; Joffe, Alexander H. (November 2006). 10787: 10759: 10704: 10506: 10476: 10450: 10311: 10259: 10196:Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War 10137: 10118: 10097: 10083:. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO. p. 464. 10068:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 9626: 9605: 9415: 9008: 8985: 8961: 8912: 8837: 8734: 8634: 8579: 8551: 8476: 8452: 8404: 8392: 8380: 8350: 8302: 8215: 8176: 8128: 8104: 8077: 8053: 7565: 7439: 7403: 7391: 7355: 7343: 7170: 7142: 7130: 7118: 7004: 6992: 6864: 6828: 6740: 6532: 6508: 6496: 6484: 6472: 6460: 6412: 6290: 6236: 6200: 6116: 6008: 5933: 5921: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5849: 5837: 5825: 5778: 5766: 5738: 5726: 5714: 5698: 5650: 5638: 5602: 5590: 5578: 5558: 5486: 5474: 5459: 5413: 5401: 5337: 5237: 5189: 5161:mufti al-Quds wal-diyar al-filistiniyya 5149: 5137: 5107: 5059: 5017: 5005: 4981: 4937: 4925: 4897: 4861: 4827: 4815: 4786: 4746: 4734: 4719: 4692: 4635: 4623: 4575: 4563: 4405:"It would be anachronistic to hold the 4324: 4240: 4236: 3649: 3381:, the future Egyptian president in 1948 2849:, in the summer of 1943, and observes: 1701: 398:. At war's end he stationed himself in 14256: 13979:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 13083: 13060: 13009: 12897:The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria 12893: 12877:The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria 12870: 12806: 12721:. Translated by Ruth Martin. Vintage. 12676: 12634: 12608: 12584: 12417:Germany and the Middle East, 1871–1945 12360: 12301: 12277: 12190: 12166: 12154: 11979: 11852: 11737: 11547: 11523: 11499: 11457: 11352: 11331: 11286: 11262: 11236: 11114:Iraq: The Search for National Identity 11110: 10659: 10638: 10429: 10408: 10286: 10264:. In Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (ed.). 10178:. London: C. Hust and Co. p. 53. 10032: 9977: 9883: 9862: 9841: 9396: 9309:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 497. 9116: 9065: 8924: 8777: 8765: 8722: 8694: 8670: 8524: 8488: 8428: 8416: 8314: 8290: 8254: 8227: 8203: 8164: 8116: 8089: 7771: 7747: 7640: 7604: 7553: 7367: 7295: 7266: 6804: 6792: 6768: 6752: 6716: 6704: 6680: 6656: 6616: 6436: 6400: 6341: 6317: 6263: 6251: 6224: 6212: 6176: 6164: 6152: 6128: 6072: 6048: 6024: 5996: 5981: 5969: 5852:, pp. 180–181. translation needed 5782: 5742: 5717:, pp. 168–172. translation needed 5674: 5662: 5653:, pp. 168–169. translation needed 5626: 5614: 5593:, pp. 163–165. translation needed 5534: 5389: 5365: 5328:Oxford University Press, Oxford 1924). 5273: 5225: 5185: 5095: 5071: 4993: 4961: 4885: 4849: 4762: 4758: 4707: 4676: 4664: 4551: 4539: 4356: 4290: 4228: 3275:, France decided to consider him as a 2876:Al-Husseini's memoir then continues:- 2831:Al-Husseini has been described by the 2607:severed diplomatic relations with the 2433: 2110:movement, called the "Holy Struggle" ( 1951:took place over the following days in 1861:destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem 510:, Husseini built his own militia, the 13393: 13227: 12938: 12735: 12655: 12523: 12474: 12072: 11940: 11806: 11782: 11082: 11054: 11026: 10976: 10619: 10527: 10384: 10357: 10336: 10220:Germany and the Middle East 1871–1945 10192: 10173: 9946: 9560: 9518: 9494: 9449: 9432: 9401:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 9280: 9246: 9078: 9044: 8888: 8876: 8825: 8789: 8658: 8622: 8536: 8338: 8326: 8242: 8140: 7975: 7963: 7951: 7939: 7915: 7879: 7855: 7843: 7831: 7819: 7807: 7795: 7783: 7759: 7724: 7712: 7700: 7688: 7664: 7589: 7478: 7427: 7415: 7331: 7307: 7230: 7154: 7082: 6939: 6927: 6915: 6903: 6891: 6876: 6816: 6780: 6756: 6644: 6604: 6580: 6556: 6275: 6140: 6084: 5909: 5546: 5430: 5173: 4949: 4774: 4680: 4652: 4587: 4457: 3349: 3026:religious sect in Palestine, and two 2509:had suggested to a British official, 1975:'s Mandatory Commission. The former, 1922:party, and attacked by supporters of 1576:Haram ash-Sharif and the Western Wall 1458: 524:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 336: – 4 July 1974) was a 79: 75: 14294:Arab collaborators with Nazi Germany 13419: 12982: 12555: 12509:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 360. 12504: 12214: 12051: 11955: 11765:The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars 11619: 11478: 10581:A History of Nationalism in the East 10574: 10213: 10143:The Destruction of the European Jews 10074: 9884:Gelvin, James L. (13 January 2014). 9767:"Nazis planned Palestine subversion" 9740: 9650: 9636:. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. 9630:(2007) . Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). 9258:. New York: Wiley and Sons. p.  9030:; Ayad, Christophe (27 March 2010). 8900: 8753: 8710: 8464: 8266: 8014: 7652: 7577: 7043: 6840: 6728: 6692: 6668: 6592: 6568: 6383:Mudhakkirat al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni, 6036: 5526: 5321: 5309: 5285: 4599: 4491: 4376:(Chicago: 1985), 17, 32, quoted in ( 4029:sums up al-Husseini's significance: 3643:idha takalam al-seif, uskut ya kalam 3293:The Destruction of the European Jews 3243: 2635:Ubaldo Alberto Mellini Ponce de León 2122:, paralleled the clandestine Jewish 1991:, who had apparently been swayed by 14019:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 13125: 12691:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 11768:(4th ed.). Pearson Education. 10510:The Hundred Years' War on Palestine 10237:Höpp, Gerhard; Wien, Peter (2010). 10218:. In Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. (ed.). 8367:Secretary of State for the Colonies 6374: 5352:, pp. 127ff., 130. The mosaic 4344:Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry 4103: 4088: 4074: 2047:in the early 1930s. To his left is 2043:Al-Husseini (center) in a visit to 1903:), the anniversary of the birth of 1757:, the waqf authority complained to 1564:. During most of the period of the 1542:and their supporters (known as the 1057:Religion / religious sites 351:. Al-Husseini was the scion of the 326: 13: 14299:Arab people in Mandatory Palestine 13959:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 13481:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 13109: 10952:Lebor, Adam; Boyes, Roger (2000). 10930:Une mission sacrée de civilisation 10902:Une mission sacrée de civilisation 10817:"An Interview with Walter Laqueur" 9567:. University of California Press. 9525:. University of California Press. 9504:. University of California Press. 9213:. University of California Press. 9079:Ahren, Raphael (22 October 2015). 8990:. London: Actes Sud. p. 111. 6330:Aboul-Enein & Aboul-Enein 2013 6189:Aboul-Enein & Aboul-Enein 2013 5814:Permanent Mandates Commission 1930 3925:on the other hand compares him to 3377:Haj Amin al-Husseini meeting with 2986:Haj Amin al-Husseini meeting with 2386:German Consul-General in Jerusalem 2136:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 2130:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 1572:under al-Husseini's chairmanship. 1360:, to have the mayor of Jerusalem, 1233:In 1919, al-Husseini attended the 448:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 438:while rallying a non-confessional 374:in 1897, he received education in 14: 14385: 14024:Palestine Liberation Organization 13159: 13056:. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University. 12568:Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya 12200:(3rd ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. 12140:Rudoren, Jodi (21 October 2015). 11666:from the original on 2 April 2014 11650:"New Document Releases MI5 Files" 11353:Mikics, David (3 February 2014). 10156:The Third Reich and the Arab East 5900:, p. 297. translation needed 5769:, p. 199. translation needed 5741:, p. 179 translation needed 5729:, p. 173. translation needed 5581:, p. 170. translation needed 5493:, p. 131 gives 24 September. 5477:, p. 158. translation needed 5446:, Ihsan al-Jabiri and Adil Arslan 5416:, p. 163. translation needed 3830:the ritual use of Christian blood 3807:Amin al-Husseini and antisemitism 2075:In 1931, al-Husseini founded the 1814:A change of government in Britain 528:Palestine Liberation Organization 502:. Failing to gain command of the 458:. He then established himself in 14238: 14237: 13964:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 13647:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 13177: 13165: 13016:. University of Michigan Press. 12813:The memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs 11941:Ravid, Akiya (21 October 2015). 11408:Milton-Edwards, Beverly (1999). 10821:Covenant: Global Jewish Magazine 10743:University of Pennsylvania Press 10690:. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. 9848:. Wayne State University Press. 9827:. American Univ in Cairo Press. 9416:Budeiri, Musa K. (Winter 2001). 9382:. University of Nebraska Press. 9228:Biddiscombe, Perry (July 2018). 9066:Aderet, Ofer (27 January 2022). 8843: 8728: 8688: 8664: 8573: 8557: 8518: 8422: 8356: 8134: 8083: 8071: 7873: 7861: 7777: 7765: 7753: 7718: 7272: 7211: 7164: 7148: 6982: 6961: 6945: 6933: 6746: 6662: 6610: 6574: 6454: 6449:Yahil, Friedman & Galai 1991 6366: 6347: 6296: 6182: 6158: 6078: 6066: 6002: 5939: 5915: 5903: 5891: 5843: 5819: 5772: 5760: 5404:, p. 154.translation needed 5340:, p. 156.translation needed 4463: 4399: 4383: 4372:, 287, 306–7. Steven L Spiegel, 4362: 4349: 4150: 4136: 4122: 3449:, reached a secret entente with 2959:Opposition to Jewish immigration 2821: 2803:Sachsenhausen concentration camp 2801:certainly must have visited the 2051:, who later became president of 1787:After the nomination of the new 1654:into a symbol of pan-Arabic and 807: 434:, a position he used to promote 14279:20th-century Palestinian people 13607:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 13255:Islamic leadership in Jerusalem 13115:Biographies of Amin al-Husseini 12968:. Routledge. pp. 123–138. 12683:Jewish Political Studies Review 12614:"Israel and the Arab Coalition" 11721:Nazi Germany and the Arab World 10532:. In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). 10409:Kassim, Anis F. (1 June 1988). 9546:. University of Florida Press. 9426:Institute for Palestine Studies 9305:Blamires, Cyprian, ed. (2006). 5732: 5720: 5708: 5692: 5680: 5668: 5644: 5608: 5596: 5584: 5564: 5552: 5508: 5480: 5449: 5436: 5419: 5407: 5395: 5371: 5343: 5331: 5315: 5303: 5291: 5231: 5219: 5195: 5179: 5143: 5131: 5113: 5041: 5029: 5011: 4999: 4967: 4955: 4891: 4843: 4821: 4752: 4670: 4658: 4617: 4605: 4374:The Other Arab–Israeli Conflict 4330: 4311: 4296: 4246: 2709:and was officially received by 2448:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia 2281:(nationalism)." He remained in 2035:Political activities, 1930–1935 14049:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 13811:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 13190:Husseini, Haj Amin (1895–1974) 13093:. Cambridge University Press. 12641:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 12559:Islamic Terror and the Balkans 12221:. London: Verso. p. 248. 11744:The Holocaust in American Life 11479:Monk, Daniel Bertrand (2002). 10875:L'invention de la Terre sainte 10684:Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). 10536:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 110–114. 9869:. Cambridge University Press. 9765:Fountain, Rick (5 July 2001). 9327:; Goda, Norman J. W. (2012) . 9189:. Cambridge University Press. 8607:legend of the stab in the back 8584:Alliance Israélite Universelle 5789:with Snell. translation needed 5458:, p. 131 gives the 26th: 4545: 4426:and on the Palestinian end as 4171:Palestinian political violence 3897:Institute for Study of Judaism 3396:High Commissioner of Palestine 3120: 2794:Oranienburg concentration camp 2618:Servizio Informazioni Militari 2055:and to al-Husseini's right is 1416:in July 1920. The French army 1295:homeland for the Jewish people 999:Governorates of the Gaza Strip 735: 646:Alliance Israélite Universelle 234:September 1948 – 1953 203:9 January 1922 – 1937 1: 14339:Palestinian Arab nationalists 12924:. Stanford University Press. 12002:Reitlinger, Gerald Reitlinger 11875:Permanent Mandates Commission 11747:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 11412:Islamic Politics in Palestine 11296:. Columbia University Press. 10039:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 5228:, pp. 22–24 for details. 3962:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 3386:The U.N. Partition Resolution 3239:Activities after World War II 3050: 2827:Al-Husseini and the Holocaust 2613:Italian Military Intelligence 2533:had one of their commanders, 2411:had at the same time cut off 1743:Abdullah, Emir of Transjordan 1466:, recently appointed British 628:government secondary school ( 564: 330: 55: 14364:People convicted in absentia 13994:Federation of Arab Republics 13954:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 13944:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 13545:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13493:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 12831:Strangneth, Bettina (2004). 12364:Tel Aviv: From Dream to City 12160:Aliyah: The People of Israel 12055:Chaim Weitzmann: A Biography 12033:. Indiana University Press. 11891:on 6 April 2015 – via 11719:Nicosia, Francis R. (2017). 11700:Nicosia, Francis R. (2008). 11679:Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). 11464:. Rowman & Littlefield. 11439:Mitchell, Thomas G. (2013). 11311:Matthews, Weldon C. (2006). 10560:. Harvard University Press. 10193:Hoare, Marko Attila (2014). 10174:Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). 9955:. Publishing House. p.  9149:The Quest for the Red Prince 5036:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 4888:, pp. 79ff., esp.96ff.. 4479: 4202: 3841:fundamentally anti-semitic. 3820:. Both have been accused by 3564:Palestinian National Council 3140:Independent State of Croatia 2726:summarizes as follows, that 1966: 1412:defeated the Arab forces in 1090:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 490:, Husseini opposed both the 7: 14334:Palestinian anti-communists 14119:Flag of the Arab Federation 13949:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 13939:Arab Socialist Action Party 13215:20th Century Press Archives 13037:. Oxford University Press. 12835:. London: The Bodley Head. 12529:Journal of Religious Ethics 12308:. Oxford University Press. 12162:. World Publishing Company. 12025:Robinson, Glenn E. (1997). 11509:. Oxford University Press. 11391:University Press of America 11216:; Cüppers, Martin (2006a). 10245:. Brill. pp. 167–216. 10216:"In the Shadow of the Moon" 10199:. Oxford University Press. 10159:. Routledge & K. Paul. 10145:. New York: New Viewpoints. 9926:Ghandour, Zeina B. (2009). 9726:. Verso Books. p. 25. 9668:. Oxford University Press. 9540:Davidson, Lawrence (2001). 9235:Journal of Military History 8586:institute in Jerusalem and 7494:Mallmann & Cüppers 2010 5521: 5515: 5160: 5154: 5124: 5022: 4308:, NiL, Paris, 1996, p. 563. 4115: 4098:Haqaiq 'an Qadiyat Filastin 4097: 4089:كذبة بيع الفلسطينيين لأرضهم 4082: 4069: 3795:for his involvement in the 3704: 3642: 2779:Islamisches Zentralinstitut 2350:post-World War I settlement 2277: 2271: 2228:Commissioner for that area 2214:Royal Commission of Inquiry 2118: 2112: 2013: 1899: 1893: 1590: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1451: 1445: 1362:Musa Kazim Pasha al-Husayni 1261: 1253: 1247: 669: 620: 10: 14390: 14284:Al-Azhar University alumni 14090:On the Way of Resurrection 14083:The Battle for One Destiny 14014:Lebanese National Movement 13455:Third International Theory 13120:1988, Ibrahim Abu Shaqra, 12677:Spoerl, Joseph S. (2020). 11848:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 11762:Ovendale, Ritchie (2004). 11443:. McFarland. p. 134. 11334:Journal of Israeli History 11094:Greenwood Publishing Group 10735:Landsman, Stephan (2005). 10639:Kotzin, Daniel P. (2010). 10554:; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). 10295:Cambridge University Press 9863:Gelvin, James L. (2007) . 9519:Cohen, Michael J. (1989). 9290:. New York: Dialog Press. 9124:. New York: Viking Press. 9096:Memoirs of the Grand Mufti 8971:. Henry Holt and Company. 8933: 8683:Morris lecture at LSE 2011 7506:Bar-Zohar & Haber 2002 7107:Schwanitz & Rubin 2014 4394:Memoirs of the Grand Mufti 4267:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose 3791:, who was later killed by 3582:, named as its president. 3457: 3353: 3291:that when culpability for 2437: 2371: 2332: 2133: 1859:, a day memorializing the 1712: 1705: 903:All-Palestine Protectorate 14359:Palestinian Sunni Muslims 14304:Fascism in the Arab world 14264:Grand Muftis of Jerusalem 14233: 14142: 14099: 14067: 14044:Unified Political Command 13934:Arab Nationalist Movement 13879: 13831:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 13691: 13660: 13627:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 13498:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 13463: 13427: 13366: 13317: 13290:Muhammed al-Fadl Jarallah 13261: 13141:Columbia University Press 13010:Yaeger, Patricia (1996). 12966:The Quest for Sovereignty 12833:Eichmann before Jerusalem 12736:Stein, George H. (1984). 12460:. Yale University Press. 12396:10.1017/S0020743800029445 11932:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11634:10.1080/00263208408700568 11533:. Yale University Press. 11485:. Duke University Press. 11346:10.1080/13531049608576090 11136:Mackenzie, S. P. (2006). 11066:W.W. Norton & Company 10599:Kolinsky, Martin (1993). 10528:Kiely, Robert S. (2008). 10343:. Kingston Press Series. 9837:– via Google Books. 9778:Friedman, Isaiah (2000). 9660:Fieldhouse, David Kenneth 9464:10.1080/13531048308575839 9185:Ben-Ze'ev, Efrat (2011). 9045:Adams, Jefferson (2009). 8986:Achcar, Gilbert (2010c). 8947:. Naval Institute Press. 7017:Günther & Zankel 2006 6954:, p. 406 drawing on 6425:Rubin & Schwanit 2014 4832: 4470:Milstein & Sacks 1997 4396:, Damascus, 1999, p. 126. 4045:, who became chairman of 2556:in April 1941. When the 2461:, modern Iraq's founder. 2452:With the outbreak of the 1611:was reorientated towards 1011:Legislative Council (PLC) 648:with its Jewish director 644:. He also studied at the 534:, Lebanon, in July 1974. 428:British High Commissioner 418:, and as a leader of the 319:Mohammed Amin al-Husseini 312: 308: 271: 266: 262: 250: 238: 227: 219: 207: 196: 188: 176: 164: 153: 146: 142: 138: 126: 116: 106: 96: 71: 52:Mohammed Amin al-Husseini 47: 42: 30: 23: 13552:1952 Egyptian revolution 13052:Yisraeli, David (1974). 12987:. In Meri, Josef (ed.). 12894:Tauber, Eliezer (1994). 12850:Swedenburg, Ted (2003). 12746:Cornell University Press 12656:Simon, Reeva S. (2004). 12361:Schlor, Joachim (1999). 12073:Rosen, David M. (2005). 11980:Reiter, Yitzhak (1996). 11965:. Simon & Schuster. 11920:10.3200/WAFS.171.1.65-75 11859:. Continuum Publishing. 11842:Pearlman, Moshe (1963). 11416:. I. B. Tauris. p.  11002:Levenberg, Haim (1993). 10584:. Taylor & Francis. 10507:Khalidi, Rashid (2020). 10287:Hughes, Matthew (2019). 10133:(in French). No. 1. 10075:Hall, Michael R (2008). 10018:. Franz Steiner Verlag. 9905:Gensicke, Klaus (2011). 9422:Jerusalem Quarterly File 9374:Browning, Christopher R. 8647:Laqueur & Rubin 2001 8153:Radosh & Radosh 2008 8066:Breitman & Goda 2012 7542:Breitman & Goda 2012 6372: 4749:, pp. 426, 675 n16. 4275:Indian National Congress 4197: 4061: 3725:All-Palestine Government 3600:All-Palestine Government 3546:All-Palestine Government 3360:All-Palestine Government 3232:many fought in Palestine 3096:division, translated as 3082:called him "the Arabian 2833:American Jewish Congress 2637:. On condition that the 2588:), where he was granted 2275:('Husayni-ism') but for 1825: 925:National Authority (PNA) 788:Early political activism 695:European colonial powers 670:Dar al-Da'wa wa-l-Irshad 516:All-Palestine Government 486:. In the lead-up to the 432:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem 148:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem 37:Amin al-Husseini in 1929 14349:Palestinian politicians 14205:Palestinian nationalism 14124:Flag of the Arab Revolt 13617:1966 Syrian coup d'état 13597:1963 Syrian coup d'état 13577:1961 Syrian coup d'état 12939:Tripp, Charles (2002). 12871:Taggar, Yehuda (1994). 12635:Sicker, Martin (2000). 12454:; Rubin, Barry (2014). 12302:Sayigh, Yezid (1999) . 11609:Prime Minister's Office 11214:Mallmann, Klaus-Michael 11190:Mallmann, Klaus Michael 11162:Mallmann, Klaus Michael 11144:Oxford University Press 10484:. In Eugene L., Rogan; 10358:Kamel, Lorenzo (2013). 10312:Huneidi, Sahar (2001). 10260:Hopwood, Derek (1980). 10098:Hen-Tov, Jacob (1974). 10077:"Husseini, Haj Amin al" 9911:. Vallentine Mitchell. 9014:"Blame the Grand Mufti" 7175:According to my opinion 6995:, pp. 664–666 n.47 6511:, pp. 71, 95, 196. 5705:for subsequent events". 4258:Palestinian nationalism 4166:Palestinian nationalism 4070:Asbab Karithat Filastin 3787:, the founder of PLO's 3767:in Jerusalem. However, 3754:the Jordanian Civil War 3584:Ahmed Hilmi Abd al-Baqi 3512:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 3488:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 3447:Palestinian nationalism 3131:Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig 3005:Arbe concentration camp 2629:Al-Husseini arrived in 2625:In Nazi-occupied Europe 2590:extraterritorial asylum 2577:and Jews in Palestine. 2531:General Percival Wavell 2104:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 1656:Palestinian nationalism 1598:, and particularly the 1554:, the opposition). The 1350:Palestinian nationalism 547:Palestinian nationalism 412:Palestinian nationalism 14309:Islam and antisemitism 13632:1969 Libyan revolution 13510:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 13182:Quotations related to 13061:Zankel, Sönke (2006). 12960:Tschirgi, Dan (2004). 12564:Transaction Publishers 12505:Sela, Avraham (2002). 12452:Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. 12436:Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. 12412:Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. 12079:. Rutgers University. 11622:Middle Eastern Studies 11383:; Sacks, Alan (1997). 11243:Arab Studies Quarterly 11111:Lukitz, Liora (1995). 10977:Lepre, George (1997). 10337:Jbara, Taysir (1985). 10214:Höpp, Gerhard (2004). 10063:Holocaust Encyclopedia 10003:Great Britain (1930). 9718:Finkelstein, Norman G. 8739: 8601: 8595:in order to build the 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7056:Lebor & Boyes 2000 6979: 6974: 6535:, pp. 105, 185ff. 6358: 4976: 4319: 4304: 4302:See Elizabeth Antébi, 4040: 3979: 3949: 3871:Klaus-Michael Mallmann 3860: 3777:Supreme Muslim Council 3687: 3682:, Amin al-Husayni and 3672:Sultan Pasha al-Atrash 3633: 3559: 3532:Following rumors that 3463:against the Zionists. 3382: 3370: 3223:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3207: 3134: 3115:incitement to genocide 3063: 3001: 2991: 2980: 2902: 2883: 2874: 2860: 2778: 2762: 2743: 2737: 2707:Joachim von Ribbentrop 2702: 2690: 2677: 2671: 2662:Nazi German Government 2653:, and referred him to 2617: 2440:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 2398: 2255:Palestine Police Force 2224: 2077:World Islamic Congress 2068: 1722: 1536:Supreme Muslim Council 1516:Supreme Muslim Council 1505:Hussam ad-Din Jarallah 1380:and the ideology of a 1153:Costume and embroidery 1095:Church of the Nativity 1085:Cave of the Patriarchs 1006:National Council (PNC) 991:Gaza Strip governance 703:Islamic fundamentalism 591: 573:Al-Husseini's mentor, 551:antisemitism in Europe 492:1947 UN Partition Plan 402:as a supporter of the 386:. In 1912, he pursued 191:Supreme Muslim Council 183:Hussam ad-Din Jarallah 14369:People from Jerusalem 14190:Jordanian nationalism 13924:Arab Islamic Republic 13919:Arab Higher Committee 13796:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 13776:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 13587:North Yemen civil war 13520:Arab–Israeli conflict 13278:Tahir al-Abd al-Samad 13013:Geography of Identity 12556:Shay, Shaul (2009) . 12444:World Politics Review 12338:Schechtman, Joseph B. 12324:Schechtman, Joseph B. 12249:Hitchens, Christopher 12215:Said, Edward (1988). 12192:Sachar, Howard Morley 12168:Sachar, Howard Morley 12156:Sachar, Howard Morley 12104:Le Monde diplomatique 12052:Rose, Norman (1989). 11853:Peretz, Don (1994) . 11657:The National Archives 11458:Mojzes, Paul (2011). 10605:. London: Macmillan. 10430:Khalaf, Issa (1991). 10007:. Command paper 3530. 9947:Gonen, Rivka (2003). 9932:. London: Routledge. 9842:Gavish, Haya (2010). 9356:Browning, Christopher 9019:Le Monde diplomatique 7346:, p. 670, n.190. 6971: 5781:, p. 200 citing 5429:, pp. 42–70 and 4370:Ambiguous Partnership 4339:A Survey of Palestine 4031: 3956: 3945: 3912:Arab Higher Committee 3883:Wolfgang G. Schwanitz 3855: 3697:Husam Al-din Jarallah 3657: 3628: 3604:Arab Higher Committee 3554: 3472:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3415:The Nation Associates 3376: 3367: 3335:Arab Higher Committee 3202: 3128: 3058: 2996: 2985: 2975: 2893: 2886:Wolfgang G. Schwanitz 2878: 2851: 2748: 2728: 2700: 2666: 2605:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 2285:for two years, under 2265:that conveyed him to 2245:managed to escape to 2230:Lewis Yelland Andrews 2222: 2175:Arab Higher Committee 2100:Musa Kazim al-Husayni 2042: 1765:to the Government of 1737:state under a son of 1725:On 10 August 1928, a 1720: 1594:(Noble Sanctuary) or 1570:Arab Higher Committee 1470:, declared a general 1426:1921 Haifa conference 1422:Sykes-Picot Agreement 1402:Palestinian Authority 1332:Richard Meinertzhagen 1276:Arab Kingdom of Syria 890:Arab Higher Committee 740:With the outbreak of 572: 498:'s plan to annex the 404:Arab Kingdom of Syria 366:Husseini was born in 133:Arab Higher Committee 14354:Palestinian refugees 14225:Tunisian nationalism 14195:Lebanese nationalism 14155:Egyptian nationalism 14150:Algerian nationalism 14054:United Arab Republic 13929:Arab Liberation Army 13909:Arab Ba'ath Movement 13766:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 13369:From 1914–1918, the 13192:at passia.org (with 13174:at Wikimedia Commons 12995:. pp. 373–386. 12983:Wien, Peter (2016). 11807:Pappé, Ilan (2010). 10960:Simon & Schuster 10827:on 26 November 2012. 10794:A History of Zionism 9561:Davis, Erik (2005). 9397:Brynen, Rex (1990). 8564:Höpp & Wien 2010 7715:, p. 228, n.28. 7097:, pp. 789, 793. 6759:, p. 207, n.16. 6755:, pp. 280–281; 6451:, p. 676, n.53. 6385:Damascus 1999 p.96. 4578:, pp. 2–3, 6–7. 4104:حقائق عن قضية فلسطين 3992:Christopher Browning 3759:Al-Husseini died in 3738:United Arab Republic 3650:Exile from Palestine 2724:Christopher Browning 2686:Ernst von Weizsäcker 2594:occupation of Persia 2548:, and supported the 2289:surveillance in the 2113:al-jihad al-muqaddas 2081:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam 1727:constituent assembly 1708:1929 Palestine riots 1702:1929 Palestine riots 1498:Raghib al-Nashashibi 1433:Palestinian ideology 1370:Raghib al-Nashashibi 1263:Suriyya al-Janubiyya 1197:List of Palestinians 1105:Great Mosque of Gaza 896:Depopulated villages 575:Muhammad Rashid Rida 530:in 1964. He died in 508:Arab Liberation Army 420:1920 Nebi Musa riots 14215:Sahrawi nationalism 13572:1959 Mosul uprising 13505:Great Syrian Revolt 12816:. Ayer Publishing. 11615:on 28 October 2023. 11603:(20 October 2015). 11601:Netanyahu, Binyamin 11591:Formerly hosted at 11268:Middle East Journal 10985:Schiffer Publishing 9805:The Times of Israel 9750:. HarperPerennial. 9720:(17 October 2003). 9684:Finkelstein, Norman 9358:(22 October 2015). 9170:(21 October 2015). 9152:. The Lyons Press. 9086:The Times of Israel 8903:, pp. 217–221. 8863:The Times of Israel 8780:, pp. 102–103. 8768:, pp. 157–158. 8725:, pp. 239–240. 8539:, pp. 725–726. 8491:, pp. 227–228. 8479:, pp. 162–163. 8305:, pp. 167–169. 8131:, pp. 594–595. 8002:, pp. 301–301. 7942:, pp. 194–195. 7703:, pp. 184–185. 7691:, pp. 12, 310. 7592:, p. 747 n.33. 7406:, pp. 145–146. 7382:, pp. 154–155. 7121:, pp. 151–152. 7070:, pp. 217–220. 6942:, p. 151.check 6906:, pp. 151–152. 6879:, pp. 150–151. 6867:, pp. 187–188. 6831:, pp. 463–464. 6607:, pp. 100–102. 6523:, pp. 211–212. 6332:, pp. 184–186. 6278:, pp. 172–174. 6179:, pp. 269–270. 6027:, pp. 422–523. 5999:, pp. 200–201. 5972:, pp. 199–200. 5840:, pp. 175–176. 5757:, pp. 158–159. 5641:, pp. 168–169. 5433:, pp. 309–327. 5250:Milton-Edwards 1999 5074:, pp. 105–109. 5048:Milton-Edwards 1999 4940:, pp. 506–512. 4916:, pp. 334–337. 4876:, pp. 239–240. 4777:, pp. 147–148. 4722:, pp. 425–426. 4293:, pp. 119–120) 4279:British imperialism 3676:Mohamed Ali Eltaher 3514:, on 8 April 1948. 2970:concentration camps 2572:'s government, the 2434:Al-Husseini in Iraq 2315:White Paper of 1939 2261:where he boarded a 2087:of the al-Istiqlal 1792:Sir John Chancellor 1629:mosaic tessellation 1437:Mandatory Palestine 1291:Balfour Declaration 1255:al-Muntada al-Adabi 1235:Pan-Syrian Congress 795:Part of a series on 767:'s army during the 661:Al-Azhar University 655:In 1912 he studied 638:French missionaries 632:) where he learned 604:Mayors of Jerusalem 520:Egyptian-ruled Gaza 349:Mandatory Palestine 14324:Nazi propagandists 14314:Islam in Jerusalem 14220:Syrian nationalism 14200:Libyan nationalism 14160:Greater Mauritania 14076:The Arab Awakening 14059:United Arab States 14034:Rejectionist Front 13841:Gamal Abdel Nasser 13652:Yemeni unification 13642:Lebanese Civil War 13622:17 July Revolution 13592:Ramadan Revolution 13567:14 July Revolution 13296:Mustafa al-Husayni 12808:Storrs, Sir Ronald 12784:. Brill. pp.  12715:Stangneth, Bettina 12541:10.1111/jore.12119 12367:. Reaktion Books. 12147:The New York Times 12007:The Final Solution 11038:Simon and Schuster 10552:Kimmerling, Baruch 10272:. pp. 67–70. 10151:Hirszowicz, Lukasz 9452:Studies in Zionism 9254:Banking on Baghdad 9140:Bar-Zohar, Michael 7954:, pp. 247ff.. 5802:Great Britain 1930 5755:Great Britain 1930 5686:Particularly with 5629:, pp. 179ff.. 5522:al-Buraq al-Sharif 5491:Kupferschmidt 1987 5456:Kupferschmidt 1987 5392:, pp. 196ff.. 5350:Kupferschmidt 1987 5298:Kupferschmidt 1987 5120:Kupferschmidt 1987 4460:, pp. 734–735 4075:أسباب كارثة فلسطين 3983:Benjamin Netanyahu 3785:Ali Hassan Salameh 3688: 3580:Mufti of Jerusalem 3383: 3379:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3371: 3356:1948 Palestine war 3350:1948 Palestine war 3324:Muslim Brotherhood 3277:political prisoner 3193:Yugoslav partisans 3135: 3064: 2992: 2895:It is the duty of 2763: 2751:Azerbaijani Legion 2703: 2225: 2140:On 19 April 1936, 2069: 1993:Sir Herbert Samuel 1870:movement, despite 1842:(attended also by 1723: 1683:Abraham Isaac Kook 1494:Mayor of Jerusalem 1464:Sir Herbert Samuel 1459:Mufti of Jerusalem 1452:al-Ikha' wal-'Afaf 1414:Battle of Maysalun 1329:Lieutenant Colonel 1281:During the annual 612:Mufti of Jerusalem 592: 488:1948 Palestine war 14344:Palestinian imams 14289:Al-Husayni family 14251: 14250: 14180:Iraqi nationalism 13871:Constantin Zureiq 13721:Abdul Rahman Arif 13701:Butrus al-Bustani 13387: 13386: 13382: 13272:Hassan al-Husayni 13170:Media related to 13100:978-0-521-85096-4 13076:978-3-515-08979-1 13044:978-0-19-504523-9 13023:978-0-472-10672-1 13002:978-1-317-38321-5 12975:978-1-135-77121-8 12952:978-0-521-52900-6 12942:A history of Iraq 12931:978-0-8047-3615-2 12907:978-0-7146-4557-5 12886:978-0-7146-4557-5 12863:978-1-55728-763-2 12842:978-1-84792-323-3 12823:978-0-405-04593-6 12795:978-90-04-11914-7 12759:978-0-801-49275-4 12728:978-0-307-95016-1 12669:978-0-231-13215-2 12648:978-0-275-96638-6 12627:978-0-521-69934-1 12601:978-0-14-028870-4 12594:. Penguin Books. 12577:978-1-412-80931-3 12525:Sells, Michael A. 12516:978-0-8264-1413-7 12467:978-0-300-14090-3 12427:978-1-558-76298-5 12420:. Markus Wiener. 12374:978-1-86189-033-7 12353:978-0-935437-18-8 12315:978-0-19-829643-0 12294:978-0-87855-181-1 12266:978-0-86091-175-3 12207:978-0-375-71132-9 12183:978-0-394-46064-2 12132:978-0-300-14090-3 12086:978-0-8135-3568-5 12065:978-0-14-012230-5 12058:. Penguin Books. 12040:978-0-253-21082-1 12017:978-0-87668-951-6 11993:978-0-7146-4670-1 11972:978-0-13-089301-7 11885:League of Nations 11866:978-0-275-94576-3 11820:978-0-520-26839-5 11799:978-1-85043-819-9 11775:978-0-582-82320-4 11754:978-0-618-08232-2 11730:978-1-107-66481-4 11692:978-0-7658-0624-6 11564:978-0-679-74475-7 11540:978-0-300-12696-9 11516:978-0-19-829262-3 11492:978-0-8223-2814-8 11471:978-1-442-20665-6 11450:978-0-7864-7597-1 11427:978-0-8223-2814-8 11400:978-0-7618-0721-6 11367:on 25 August 2014 11324:978-1-845-11173-1 11303:978-0-231-06463-7 11229:978-3-534-19729-3 11205:978-1-936-27418-5 11181:978-3-534-18481-1 11153:978-0-199-20307-9 11128:978-0-714-64550-6 11103:978-1-4008-1023-9 11089:The Jews of Islam 11075:978-0-393-31839-5 11047:978-0-684-83280-7 11019:978-0-7146-3439-5 10994:978-0-7643-0134-6 10969:978-0-684-85811-1 10944:978-2-213-63358-9 10916:978-2-213-60349-0 10888:978-2-84406-388-5 10858:978-0-14-029713-3 10804:978-1-860-64932-5 10780:978-0-140-29713-3 10752:978-0-812-23847-1 10727:978-0-714-63169-1 10697:978-90-04-07929-8 10676:978-0-691-11897-0 10652:978-0-8156-5109-3 10631:978-1-7936-2761-2 10612:978-0-333-53995-8 10591:978-0-403-00079-1 10567:978-0-674-01129-8 10543:978-1-851-09842-2 10520:978-1-62779-854-9 10499:978-0-521-79476-3 10469:978-0-231-10695-5 10443:978-0-791-40708-0 10422:978-90-411-0341-3 10401:978-1-859-84561-5 10350:978-0-940670-21-1 10329:978-1-86064-172-5 10304:978-1-107-10320-7 10279:978-9-004-06167-5 10262:"Amin al-Husayni" 10252:978-9-004-18545-6 10229:978-1-558-76298-5 10206:978-0-199-32785-0 10185:978-1-84904-241-3 10166:978-0-8020-1398-9 10111:978-0-870-73326-0 10090:978-1-85109-841-5 10049:978-0-02-546705-7 10025:978-3-515-08979-1 9981:(24 March 2008). 9966:978-0-88125-798-4 9939:978-1-13400-963-3 9918:978-0-853-03844-3 9897:978-1-107-47077-4 9876:978-0-521-88835-6 9855:978-0-814-33366-2 9834:978-977-416-105-6 9808:. 21 October 2015 9791:978-1-56000-391-5 9757:978-1-84115-008-6 9733:978-1-78168-440-5 9705:978-0-520-24989-9 9675:978-0-19-928737-6 9643:978-0-714-63432-6 9619:978-1-136-29273-6 9598:978-88-06-59306-3 9574:978-0-520-23546-5 9553:978-0-8130-2421-9 9532:978-0-520-06598-7 9511:978-0-520-25989-8 9487:978-0-306-81539-3 9480:. Da Capo Press. 9408:978-0-8133-7919-7 9389:978-0-8032-5979-9 9347:978-1-300-34735-4 9325:Breitman, Richard 9316:978-1-57607-940-9 9297:978-0-914-15314-6 9269:978-0-471-67186-2 9220:978-0-520-20768-4 9205:Benvenisti, Meron 9196:978-0-521-19447-1 9159:978-1-58574-739-9 9131:978-0-253-21637-3 9058:978-0-810-86320-0 8997:978-0-86356-835-0 8978:978-1-429-93820-4 8954:978-1-612-51309-6 8568:Avigdor Lieberman 8218:, pp. 40–51. 8155:, pp. 65–75. 7798:, pp. 26–28. 7530:USHMM: al-Husayni 7508:, pp. 45–66. 7322:, pp. 43–44. 7257:, pp. 95–96. 7221:, pp. 27–28. 7208:, pp. 54–57. 6731:, pp. 10–12. 6635:, pp. 82–83. 6499:, pp. 86–87. 6487:, pp. 85–86. 6344:, pp. 20–22. 6227:, pp. 72–75. 5876:, pp. 75–76. 5444:Shukri al-Quwatli 5155:al-mufti al-akbar 5125:al-muftī al-akbar 5098:, pp. 111ff. 4902:High Commissioner 4638:, pp. 42–43. 4305:L'homme du Sérail 3818:Joseph Schechtman 3705:jihad al-muqaddas 3660:Shukri al-Quwatli 3621:to be disbanded. 3468:Egyptian military 3244:Arrest and flight 3098:Islam i Židovstvo 3061:Islam and Judaism 3037:Michael Bar-Zohar 3028:Palestinian Arabs 2519:Winston Churchill 2500:Jews of Palestine 2208:Foreign Minister 2183:High Commissioner 2063:philosopher from 1973:League of Nations 1789:High Commissioner 1468:High Commissioner 1386:southern province 1327:and British army 1231: 1230: 933:political parties 913:Fedayeen militias 716:and received the 687:War against Islam 610:, also served as 327:محمد أمين الحسيني 316: 315: 189:President of the 14381: 14241: 14240: 14114:Eagle of Saladin 13821:Amin al-Husseini 13786:Faisal I of Iraq 13756:Sultan al-Atrash 13751:Mansur al-Atrash 13726:Abdul Salam Arif 13535:War of Attrition 13421:Arab nationalism 13414: 13407: 13400: 13391: 13390: 13368: 13302:M. T. al-Husayni 13248: 13241: 13234: 13225: 13224: 13202: 13184:Amin al-Husseini 13181: 13172:Amin al-Husseini 13169: 13128: 13127: 13104: 13080: 13057: 13048: 13027: 13006: 12979: 12956: 12935: 12916:Tomasevich, Jozo 12911: 12890: 12867: 12846: 12827: 12803: 12800:Internet Archive 12772:Stillman, Norman 12767: 12764:Internet Archive 12743: 12732: 12710: 12673: 12652: 12631: 12605: 12581: 12552: 12520: 12501: 12498:Internet Archive 12485: 12471: 12447: 12431: 12407: 12378: 12357: 12333: 12319: 12298: 12274: 12271:Internet Archive 12258: 12240: 12233:Internet Archive 12211: 12187: 12163: 12151: 12136: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12090: 12069: 12048: 12045:Internet Archive 12032: 12021: 12010:. Sphere Books. 11997: 11976: 11952: 11937: 11931: 11923: 11896: 11887:. Archived from 11877:(21 June 1930). 11870: 11849: 11838: 11824: 11803: 11779: 11758: 11734: 11715: 11696: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11665: 11654: 11645: 11616: 11611:. Archived from 11588: 11575:(14 June 2011). 11568: 11544: 11520: 11496: 11475: 11454: 11435: 11432:Internet Archive 11415: 11404: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11363:. Archived from 11349: 11328: 11317:. I. B. Tauris. 11307: 11283: 11259: 11233: 11209: 11198:. Enigma Books. 11185: 11157: 11132: 11107: 11079: 11051: 11023: 10998: 10973: 10955:Surviving Hitler 10948: 10920: 10892: 10866: 10863:Internet Archive 10847:(6th ed.). 10846: 10828: 10808: 10784: 10756: 10731: 10701: 10680: 10656: 10635: 10616: 10595: 10571: 10547: 10524: 10503: 10473: 10447: 10426: 10405: 10381: 10379: 10377:10.12977/stor490 10354: 10333: 10308: 10283: 10256: 10233: 10210: 10189: 10170: 10146: 10134: 10128: 10115: 10094: 10071: 10053: 10029: 10008: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9974: 9971:Internet Archive 9954: 9943: 9922: 9901: 9880: 9859: 9838: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9795: 9774: 9761: 9737: 9713: 9710:Internet Archive 9693: 9679: 9655: 9647: 9623: 9602: 9583:De Felice, Renzo 9578: 9557: 9536: 9515: 9491: 9467: 9446: 9444: 9429: 9412: 9393: 9369: 9351: 9335: 9320: 9301: 9277: 9274:Internet Archive 9257: 9243: 9224: 9200: 9181: 9163: 9135: 9113: 9107: 9099: 9090: 9075: 9062: 9041: 9023: 9012:(14 May 2010a). 9005: 8982: 8958: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8743: 8732: 8726: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8699:Arafatian threat 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8611:holocaust denial 8604: 8577: 8571: 8561: 8555: 8549: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8480: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8441: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8294: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8246: 8240: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8138: 8132: 8126: 8120: 8114: 8108: 8102: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8018: 8012: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7988:Biddiscombe 2018 7985: 7979: 7973: 7967: 7961: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7877: 7871: 7865: 7859: 7853: 7847: 7841: 7835: 7829: 7823: 7817: 7811: 7805: 7799: 7793: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7769: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7656: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7614: 7608: 7602: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7518:Finkelstein 2008 7515: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7258: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7168: 7162: 7152: 7146: 7140: 7134: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7095:Biddiscombe 2018 7092: 7086: 7080: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7032: 7026: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6986: 6980: 6977: 6965: 6959: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6621:Stephen Longrigg 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6387: 6377: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6362: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6016: 6006: 6000: 5994: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5961: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5790: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5463: 5453: 5447: 5440: 5434: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5188:, pp. 32f.: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5157: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5127: 5117: 5111: 5110:, pp. 7–10. 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4830:, p. 409: " 4825: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4403: 4397: 4387: 4381: 4378:Finkelstein 2003 4366: 4360: 4359:, pp. 251–) 4353: 4347: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4315: 4309: 4307: 4300: 4294: 4250: 4244: 4231:, p. 156.) 4225:Islamic calendar 4218: 4160: 4158:Biography portal 4155: 4154: 4153: 4146: 4144:Palestine portal 4141: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4005:Quentin Reynolds 4000:Simon Wiesenthal 3931:David Ben-Gurion 3893:Alfred Rosenberg 3765:Haram ash-Sharif 3707: 3645: 3592:Jamal al-Husayni 3575:as its capital. 3309:David Ben-Gurion 3197:Austro-Hungarian 3182:ethnic cleansing 3072:Fawzi al-Qawuqji 2988:Heinrich Himmler 2955:little weight". 2914:Dieter Wisliceny 2906:Nuremberg trials 2870:Heinrich Himmler 2863: 2856:Holocaust denial 2847:Heinrich Himmler 2781: 2740: 2693: 2674: 2655:Benito Mussolini 2620: 2546:Al-Muthanna Club 2507:Pinhas Rutenberg 2505:On 23 May 1940, 2491:Jamal al-Husayni 2454:Second World War 2428:George Wadsworth 2409:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 2401: 2280: 2274: 2243:Jamal al-Husayni 2171:Benito Mussolini 2163:Palestine pounds 2157:, he controlled 2121: 2115: 2061:Arab nationalist 2049:Hashim al-Atassi 2025:Arab nationalist 2018: 1933:Jamal al-Husayni 1902: 1896: 1872:Pinhas Rutenberg 1844:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 1840:Zionist Congress 1755:Mughrabi quarter 1731:Awni Abd al-Hadi 1604:Dome of the Rock 1593: 1591:Haram ash-Sharif 1582:three holy sites 1559: 1553: 1547: 1482:Kamil al-Husayni 1454: 1448: 1307:Rashidiya school 1303:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 1266: 1258: 1250: 1248:Al-Nadi al-arabi 1223: 1216: 1209: 1168: 1100:Dome of the Rock 994: 836: 835: 811: 792: 791: 761:Sherifian armies 672: 623: 608:Kamil al-Husayni 600:Tahir al-Husayni 440:Arab nationalism 384:Catholic schools 341:Arab nationalist 335: 332: 328: 298:Kingdom of Italy 267:Military service 253: 245:Post established 241: 232: 214:Post established 210: 201: 179: 171:Kamil al-Husayni 167: 158: 84: 81: 77: 66:, Ottoman Empire 60: 57: 35: 25:Amin al-Husseini 21: 20: 14389: 14388: 14384: 14383: 14382: 14380: 14379: 14378: 14254: 14253: 14252: 14247: 14229: 14165:Greater Morocco 14138: 14134:Pan-Arab colors 14129:Hawk of Quraish 14095: 14063: 13914:Arab Federation 13875: 13861:Abdullah Rimawi 13836:Mostéfa Merarda 13791:Muammar Gaddafi 13771:Ahmed Ben Bella 13746:Jamal al-Atassi 13736:Bashar al-Assad 13687: 13656: 13637:Black September 13515:Anglo-Iraqi War 13459: 13423: 13418: 13388: 13383: 13362: 13313: 13257: 13252: 13200: 13162: 13117: 13112: 13110:Further reading 13107: 13101: 13077: 13045: 13024: 13003: 12976: 12953: 12932: 12908: 12887: 12864: 12843: 12824: 12796: 12760: 12729: 12670: 12649: 12628: 12602: 12578: 12517: 12494: 12468: 12428: 12375: 12354: 12316: 12295: 12267: 12251:, eds. (1988). 12229: 12208: 12184: 12133: 12109: 12107: 12097:(August 1994). 12087: 12066: 12041: 12018: 11994: 11973: 11925: 11924: 11867: 11829:Pearlman, Moshe 11821: 11800: 11792:. I.B. Tauris. 11776: 11755: 11731: 11693: 11685:. Transaction. 11669: 11667: 11663: 11652: 11565: 11541: 11517: 11493: 11472: 11451: 11428: 11401: 11370: 11368: 11360:Tablet Magazine 11325: 11304: 11230: 11206: 11182: 11154: 11129: 11104: 11076: 11048: 11020: 10995: 10970: 10945: 10917: 10889: 10859: 10833:Laqueur, Walter 10813:Laqueur, Walter 10805: 10789:Laqueur, Walter 10781: 10761:Laqueur, Walter 10753: 10728: 10698: 10677: 10653: 10632: 10613: 10592: 10568: 10544: 10530:"Anti-Semitism" 10521: 10500: 10478:Khalidi, Rashid 10470: 10452:Khalidi, Rashid 10444: 10423: 10402: 10351: 10330: 10305: 10280: 10253: 10230: 10207: 10186: 10167: 10126: 10120:Hershco, Tsilla 10112: 10104:. Transaction. 10091: 10050: 10026: 9993: 9991: 9967: 9940: 9919: 9898: 9877: 9856: 9835: 9811: 9809: 9792: 9758: 9734: 9706: 9690:Beyond Chutzpah 9676: 9644: 9620: 9599: 9575: 9554: 9533: 9512: 9488: 9472:Cesarani, David 9442: 9409: 9390: 9348: 9333: 9317: 9298: 9270: 9221: 9197: 9168:Beaumont, Peter 9160: 9132: 9101: 9100: 9059: 9028:Achcar, Gilbert 9010:Achcar, Gilbert 8998: 8979: 8963:Achcar, Gilbert 8955: 8936: 8931: 8923: 8919: 8911: 8907: 8899: 8895: 8887: 8883: 8875: 8871: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8836: 8832: 8824: 8820: 8812: 8808: 8800: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8764: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8733: 8729: 8721: 8717: 8709: 8705: 8693: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8633: 8629: 8621: 8617: 8602:progressivement 8593:Haram al-Sharif 8578: 8574: 8562: 8558: 8550: 8543: 8535: 8531: 8523: 8519: 8513:Schechtman 1965 8511: 8507: 8499: 8495: 8487: 8483: 8475: 8471: 8463: 8459: 8451: 8444: 8427: 8423: 8415: 8411: 8403: 8399: 8391: 8387: 8379: 8375: 8361: 8357: 8349: 8345: 8337: 8333: 8325: 8321: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8297: 8289: 8285: 8277: 8273: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8241: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8214: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8190: 8183: 8175: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8139: 8135: 8127: 8123: 8115: 8111: 8103: 8096: 8088: 8084: 8076: 8072: 8064: 8060: 8052: 8021: 8013: 8006: 7998: 7994: 7986: 7982: 7974: 7970: 7962: 7958: 7950: 7946: 7938: 7934: 7928:Tomasevich 2001 7926: 7922: 7914: 7910: 7903:Glaubensgedanke 7891:Ordnungsgedanke 7885:Familiengedanke 7878: 7874: 7868:Tomasevich 2001 7866: 7862: 7854: 7850: 7842: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7806: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7782: 7778: 7770: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7746: 7742: 7736:Tomasevich 2001 7731:, from Turkish 7723: 7719: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7677:Tomasevich 2001 7675: 7671: 7663: 7659: 7651: 7647: 7639: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7615: 7611: 7603: 7596: 7588: 7584: 7576: 7572: 7564: 7560: 7552: 7548: 7540: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7516: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7492: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7465: 7461: 7453: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7426: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7380:Schechtman 1965 7378: 7374: 7366: 7362: 7354: 7350: 7342: 7338: 7330: 7326: 7318: 7314: 7306: 7302: 7294: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7225: 7219:Reitlinger 1971 7216: 7212: 7204: 7197: 7189: 7185: 7169: 7165: 7153: 7149: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7105: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7081: 7074: 7066: 7062: 7054: 7050: 7042: 7035: 7027: 7023: 7015: 7011: 7003: 6999: 6989:Schechtman 1965 6987: 6983: 6966: 6962: 6950: 6946: 6938: 6934: 6926: 6922: 6914: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6883: 6875: 6871: 6863: 6859: 6851: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6815: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6751: 6747: 6743:, pp. 60–. 6739: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6633:Hirszowicz 1966 6631: 6627: 6615: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6447: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6399: 6390: 6378: 6371: 6367: 6352: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6309: 6303:Copeland, Miles 6301: 6297: 6289: 6282: 6274: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6250: 6243: 6235: 6231: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6199: 6195: 6187: 6183: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6105:Swedenburg 2003 6103: 6099: 6083: 6079: 6071: 6067: 6061:Fieldhouse 2006 6059: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6035: 6031: 6023: 6019: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5988: 5980: 5976: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5896: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5800: 5793: 5777: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5753: 5749: 5737: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5697: 5693: 5685: 5681: 5673: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5597: 5589: 5585: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5489:, p. 157: 5485: 5481: 5473: 5466: 5454: 5450: 5441: 5437: 5424: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5388: 5384: 5378:Benvenisti 1996 5376: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5348: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5184: 5180: 5172: 5168: 5148: 5144: 5136: 5132: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5034: 5030: 5016: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4914:Schechtman 1986 4912: 4908: 4896: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4835:Antonin Jaussen 4833:Selon Jaussen ( 4826: 4822: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4574: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4404: 4400: 4388: 4384: 4367: 4363: 4354: 4350: 4335: 4331: 4316: 4312: 4301: 4297: 4251: 4247: 4219: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4128: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4064: 3905: 3809: 3799:. According to 3797:Munich massacre 3789:Black September 3756:there in 1970. 3668:Fares al-Khoury 3652: 3596:Anwar Nusseibeh 3534:King Abdullah I 3530: 3518:Anwar Nusseibeh 3460: 3431:Joseph Goebbels 3427:Franz von Papen 3400:Alan Cunningham 3388: 3362: 3352: 3343: 3331:Georges Bidault 3283:Members of the 3246: 3241: 3167:, and the 23rd 3149:Bosnian Muslims 3123: 3080:Walter Winchell 3053: 3020:Operation ATLAS 3013: 2961: 2867:Reichsführer-SS 2858:... . His 2829: 2824: 2627: 2584:(together with 2558:Anglo-Iraqi War 2450: 2444:Anglo-Iraqi War 2436: 2374: 2354:Renzo De Felice 2337: 2331: 2303:Kingdom of Iraq 2236:members of the 2190:Arthur Wauchope 2185:for Palestine, 2138: 2132: 2037: 1989:Mr. Harry Snell 1977:The Shaw Report 1969: 1937:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 1905:Islam's prophet 1832:Frederick Kisch 1828: 1763:Chief Secretary 1715: 1710: 1704: 1621:Ernest Richmond 1578: 1566:British mandate 1490:Musa al-Husayni 1461: 1352:. According to 1227: 1166: 1033: 1015: 992: 938: 892: 831: 830: 790: 779:. The post-war 738: 567: 454:and afterwards 333: 304: 300: 296: 288: 281: 251: 239: 233: 228: 208: 202: 197: 177: 165: 159: 154: 128:Political party 92: 86: 82: 67: 61: 58: 54: 53: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14387: 14377: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14326: 14321: 14316: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14249: 14248: 14246: 14245: 14234: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14146: 14144: 14143:Related topics 14140: 14139: 14137: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14105: 14103: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14086: 14079: 14071: 14069: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14009:Islamic Legion 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13899:Al-Mourabitoun 13896: 13891: 13885: 13883: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13873: 13868: 13866:Hamdeen Sabahi 13863: 13858: 13856:Fuad al-Rikabi 13853: 13848: 13846:Adnan Pachachi 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13816:Saddam Hussein 13813: 13808: 13806:Sati' al-Husri 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13741:Hafez al-Assad 13738: 13733: 13731:Zaki al-Arsuzi 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13697: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13664: 13662: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13612:Aden Emergency 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13557:Iraqi Intifada 13554: 13549: 13548: 13547: 13542: 13540:Yom Kippur War 13537: 13532: 13527: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13501: 13500: 13490: 13485: 13484: 13483: 13473: 13467: 13465: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13435:Arab socialism 13431: 13429: 13425: 13424: 13417: 13416: 13409: 13402: 13394: 13385: 13384: 13375:As'ad Shukeiri 13371:Ottoman Empire 13367: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13360: 13359:(2006–present) 13354: 13348: 13342: 13336: 13330: 13327:A. al-Husseini 13323: 13321: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13311: 13305: 13299: 13293: 13287: 13281: 13275: 13268: 13266: 13259: 13258: 13251: 13250: 13243: 13236: 13228: 13222: 13221: 13208: 13197: 13187: 13175: 13161: 13160:External links 13158: 13157: 13156: 13143: 13130: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13105: 13099: 13081: 13075: 13058: 13049: 13043: 13028: 13022: 13007: 13001: 12980: 12974: 12957: 12951: 12936: 12930: 12912: 12906: 12891: 12885: 12868: 12862: 12847: 12841: 12828: 12822: 12804: 12794: 12768: 12758: 12733: 12727: 12711: 12674: 12668: 12653: 12647: 12632: 12626: 12606: 12600: 12582: 12576: 12553: 12535:(4): 723–759. 12521: 12515: 12502: 12492: 12472: 12466: 12448: 12438:(8 May 2008). 12432: 12426: 12408: 12390:(4): 485–505. 12379: 12373: 12358: 12352: 12334: 12332:. T. Yoseloff. 12320: 12314: 12299: 12293: 12275: 12265: 12241: 12227: 12212: 12206: 12188: 12182: 12164: 12152: 12137: 12131: 12116: 12091: 12085: 12070: 12064: 12049: 12039: 12022: 12016: 11998: 11992: 11977: 11971: 11953: 11938: 11897: 11871: 11865: 11850: 11839: 11825: 11819: 11804: 11798: 11780: 11774: 11759: 11753: 11735: 11729: 11716: 11697: 11691: 11676: 11646: 11617: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11569: 11563: 11545: 11539: 11521: 11515: 11497: 11491: 11476: 11470: 11455: 11449: 11436: 11426: 11405: 11399: 11377: 11350: 11340:(3): 317–333. 11329: 11323: 11308: 11302: 11288:Mattar, Philip 11284: 11274:(2): 227–240. 11264:Mattar, Philip 11260: 11250:(4): 267–281. 11238:Mattar, Philip 11234: 11228: 11210: 11204: 11186: 11180: 11158: 11152: 11133: 11127: 11108: 11102: 11084:Lewis, Bernard 11080: 11074: 11056:Lewis, Bernard 11052: 11046: 11028:Lewis, Bernard 11024: 11018: 10999: 10993: 10974: 10968: 10949: 10943: 10925:Laurens, Henry 10921: 10915: 10897:Laurens, Henry 10893: 10887: 10871:Laurens, Henry 10867: 10857: 10837:Rubin, Barry M 10829: 10809: 10803: 10785: 10779: 10757: 10751: 10732: 10726: 10702: 10696: 10681: 10675: 10661:Krämer, Gudrun 10657: 10651: 10636: 10630: 10617: 10611: 10596: 10590: 10572: 10566: 10548: 10542: 10525: 10519: 10504: 10498: 10474: 10468: 10448: 10442: 10427: 10421: 10406: 10400: 10382: 10355: 10349: 10334: 10328: 10309: 10303: 10284: 10278: 10257: 10251: 10234: 10228: 10211: 10205: 10190: 10184: 10171: 10165: 10147: 10135: 10122:(March 2006). 10116: 10110: 10095: 10089: 10072: 10054: 10048: 10034:Gutman, Israel 10030: 10024: 10009: 10000: 9975: 9965: 9944: 9938: 9923: 9917: 9902: 9896: 9881: 9875: 9860: 9854: 9839: 9833: 9818: 9796: 9790: 9775: 9762: 9756: 9738: 9732: 9714: 9704: 9680: 9674: 9656: 9648: 9642: 9624: 9618: 9603: 9597: 9579: 9573: 9558: 9552: 9537: 9531: 9516: 9510: 9492: 9486: 9468: 9447: 9430: 9413: 9407: 9394: 9388: 9370: 9365:Foreign Policy 9352: 9346: 9321: 9315: 9302: 9296: 9278: 9268: 9244: 9225: 9219: 9201: 9195: 9182: 9164: 9158: 9136: 9130: 9118:Arendt, Hannah 9114: 9091: 9076: 9063: 9057: 9042: 9024: 9006: 8996: 8983: 8977: 8959: 8953: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8917: 8915:, p. 158. 8905: 8893: 8891:, p. 736. 8881: 8879:, p. 728. 8869: 8854: 8842: 8830: 8818: 8806: 8802:Netanyahu 2015 8794: 8792:, p. 739. 8782: 8770: 8758: 8756:, p. 441. 8746: 8727: 8715: 8713:, p. 248. 8703: 8687: 8675: 8663: 8661:, p. 743. 8651: 8639: 8627: 8625:, p. 113. 8615: 8572: 8556: 8541: 8529: 8517: 8505: 8493: 8481: 8469: 8467:, p. 447. 8457: 8455:, p. 162. 8442: 8421: 8409: 8407:, p. 694. 8397: 8395:, p. 308. 8385: 8373: 8363:Oliver Stanley 8355: 8343: 8341:, p. 237. 8331: 8329:, p. 257. 8319: 8307: 8295: 8283: 8279:Gallagher 2007 8271: 8269:, p. 464. 8259: 8257:, p. 294. 8247: 8232: 8220: 8208: 8196: 8194:, p. 198. 8192:Levenberg 1993 8181: 8179:, p. 106. 8169: 8157: 8145: 8133: 8121: 8119:, p. 107. 8109: 8107:, p. 549. 8094: 8082: 8070: 8058: 8019: 8017:, p. 446. 8004: 8000:Mackenzie 2006 7992: 7990:, p. 794. 7980: 7978:, p. 303. 7968: 7966:, p. 257. 7956: 7944: 7932: 7930:, p. 499. 7920: 7918:, p. 135. 7908: 7872: 7860: 7858:, p. 125. 7848: 7836: 7824: 7822:, p. 313. 7812: 7800: 7788: 7776: 7764: 7752: 7740: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7679:, p. 496. 7669: 7657: 7655:, p. 439. 7645: 7643:, p. 214. 7633: 7631:, p. 143. 7621: 7609: 7607:, p. 231. 7594: 7582: 7570: 7558: 7556:, p. 317. 7546: 7534: 7522: 7520:, p. 322. 7510: 7498: 7496:, p. 201. 7483: 7471: 7459: 7444: 7432: 7430:, p. 311. 7420: 7408: 7396: 7394:, p. 148. 7384: 7372: 7370:, p. 102. 7360: 7358:, p. 504. 7348: 7336: 7334:, p. 730. 7324: 7320:Stangneth 2015 7312: 7310:, p. 156. 7300: 7283: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7245:, p. 596. 7235: 7233:, p. 738. 7223: 7210: 7195: 7193:, p. 263. 7183: 7180: 7176: 7163: 7147: 7145:, p. 157. 7135: 7133:, p. 469. 7123: 7111: 7109:, p. 160. 7099: 7087: 7085:, p. 726. 7072: 7068:Schwanitz 2004 7060: 7058:, p. 230. 7048: 7046:, p. 376. 7033: 7031:, p. 119. 7021: 7009: 7007:, p. 468. 6997: 6981: 6970:, p. 310 6960: 6958:, p. 310. 6944: 6932: 6930:, p. 152. 6920: 6918:, p. 463. 6908: 6896: 6894:, p. 190. 6881: 6869: 6857: 6855:, p. 247. 6853:De Felice 1990 6845: 6843:, p. 442. 6833: 6821: 6819:, p. 105. 6809: 6807:, p. 239. 6797: 6785: 6773: 6771:, p. 281. 6761: 6745: 6733: 6721: 6719:, p. 280. 6709: 6707:, p. 274. 6697: 6685: 6683:, p. 275. 6673: 6661: 6659:, p. 273. 6649: 6647:, p. 131. 6637: 6625: 6609: 6597: 6585: 6573: 6561: 6549: 6547:, p. 239. 6537: 6525: 6521:De Felice 1990 6513: 6501: 6489: 6477: 6475:, p. 250. 6465: 6453: 6441: 6439:, p. 276. 6429: 6417: 6415:, p. 106. 6405: 6403:, p. 271. 6388: 6365: 6354:De Felice 1990 6346: 6334: 6322: 6320:, p. 277. 6307: 6295: 6293:, p. 259. 6280: 6268: 6256: 6241: 6229: 6217: 6215:, p. 159. 6205: 6203:, p. 716. 6193: 6181: 6169: 6157: 6155:, p. 269. 6145: 6143:, p. 171. 6133: 6131:, p. 270. 6121: 6119:, p. 374. 6109: 6097: 6077: 6065: 6063:, p. 169. 6053: 6041: 6039:, p. 332. 6029: 6017: 6013:Levenberg 1993 6011:, p. 373: 6001: 5986: 5974: 5962: 5960:, p. 210. 5958:De Felice 1990 5950: 5946:De Felice 1990 5938: 5936:, p. 376. 5926: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5888:, p. 144. 5878: 5866: 5854: 5842: 5830: 5818: 5806: 5804:, p. 172. 5791: 5771: 5759: 5747: 5731: 5719: 5707: 5691: 5679: 5667: 5665:, p. 230. 5655: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5607: 5595: 5583: 5575:ritual dancing 5563: 5551: 5549:, p. 141. 5539: 5537:, p. 225. 5516:Lajnat al-Difa 5507: 5495: 5479: 5464: 5448: 5435: 5418: 5406: 5394: 5382: 5370: 5358: 5342: 5330: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5276:, p. 111. 5266: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5194: 5178: 5166: 5142: 5130: 5112: 5100: 5088: 5086:, p. 142. 5076: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5028: 5010: 4998: 4996:, p. 102. 4986: 4984:, p. 506. 4966: 4954: 4952:, p. 140. 4942: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4842: 4820: 4808: 4791: 4789:, p. 131. 4779: 4767: 4765:, p. 219; 4751: 4739: 4737:, p. 467. 4724: 4712: 4710:, p. 219. 4697: 4695:, p. 425. 4685: 4669: 4657: 4655:, p. 725. 4640: 4628: 4616: 4604: 4592: 4590:, p. 232. 4580: 4568: 4556: 4544: 4542:, p. 290. 4532: 4530:, p. 134. 4520: 4518:, p. 497. 4508: 4506:, p. 140. 4496: 4494:, p. 360. 4483: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4462: 4454:Adolf Eichmann 4398: 4390:Schwanitz 2008 4382: 4361: 4348: 4329: 4327:, p. 495) 4310: 4295: 4283:Pierre Gemayel 4273:leader of the 4245: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4147: 4133: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4093: 4078: 4063: 4060: 4049:in 2021, told 4027:Gilbert Achcar 3933:, and even to 3927:Chaim Weizmann 3904: 3901: 3863:Walter Laqueur 3814:Moshe Pearlman 3808: 3805: 3680:Nazim al-Qudsi 3664:Sabri al-Asali 3651: 3648: 3588:Prime Minister 3529: 3526: 3459: 3456: 3419:Freda Kirchwey 3387: 3384: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3122: 3119: 3052: 3049: 3012: 3009: 2960: 2957: 2926:Rudolf Kastner 2910:Adolf Eichmann 2843:Gilbert Achcar 2837:Final Solution 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2799:Prime Minister 2626: 2623: 2523:Foreign Office 2511:Bruce Lockhart 2495:Musa al-'Alami 2487:S. F. Newcombe 2435: 2432: 2424:Czechoslovakia 2399:Englandpolitik 2373: 2370: 2348:victim of the 2333:Main article: 2330: 2327: 2179:general strike 2134:Main article: 2131: 2128: 2036: 2033: 1968: 1965: 1920:anti-Hashemite 1900:mawsin al-nabi 1889:flag of Israel 1827: 1824: 1714: 1711: 1706:Main article: 1703: 1700: 1681:of Palestine, 1645:iron-mongering 1600:Al-Aqsa Mosque 1577: 1574: 1460: 1457: 1366:Colonel Storrs 1354:Sir Louis Bols 1343:Chief of Staff 1325:Chaim Weizmann 1315:East Jerusalem 1229: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1211: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1047:East Jerusalem 1044: 1039: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1003: 1002: 1001: 988: 987: 986: 981: 976: 966: 961: 956: 951: 945: 944: 937: 936: 928: 927: 922: 917: 916: 915: 910: 900: 899: 898: 886: 885: 877: 876: 870: 869: 868: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 828: 820: 819: 813: 812: 804: 803: 797: 796: 789: 786: 737: 734: 730:Constantinople 718:honorary title 683:Westernization 589:Western ideals 566: 563: 480:end of the war 430:appointed him 424:Herbert Samuel 372:Ottoman Empire 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 303: 302: 290: 286:United Kingdom 283: 279:Ottoman Empire 275: 273: 269: 268: 264: 263: 260: 259: 257:Post disbanded 254: 248: 247: 242: 236: 235: 225: 224: 217: 216: 211: 205: 204: 194: 193: 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 168: 162: 161: 151: 150: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 87: 73: 69: 68: 62: 51: 49: 45: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14386: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14261: 14259: 14244: 14236: 14235: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14175:Greater Yemen 14173: 14171: 14170:Greater Syria 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14141: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14092: 14091: 14087: 14085: 14084: 14080: 14078: 14077: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13886: 13884: 13882: 13881:Organizations 13878: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13801:George Habash 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13781:Izzat Darwaza 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13716:Yasser Arafat 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13698: 13696: 13694: 13693:Personalities 13690: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13668:Arab identity 13666: 13665: 13663: 13659: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13582:Arab Cold War 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13482: 13479: 13478: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13462: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13432: 13430: 13426: 13422: 13415: 13410: 13408: 13403: 13401: 13396: 13395: 13392: 13380: 13376: 13372: 13365: 13358: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13346: 13343: 13340: 13337: 13334: 13331: 13328: 13325: 13324: 13322: 13320: 13316: 13309: 13308:K. al-Husayni 13306: 13303: 13300: 13297: 13294: 13291: 13288: 13285: 13282: 13279: 13276: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13260: 13256: 13249: 13244: 13242: 13237: 13235: 13230: 13229: 13226: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13203: 13198: 13195: 13191: 13188: 13185: 13180: 13176: 13173: 13168: 13164: 13163: 13155: 13154: 13148: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13134:Philip Mattar 13131: 13123: 13119: 13118: 13102: 13096: 13092: 13091: 13086: 13085:Zertal, Idith 13082: 13078: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13059: 13055: 13050: 13046: 13040: 13036: 13035: 13029: 13025: 13019: 13015: 13014: 13008: 13004: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12981: 12977: 12971: 12967: 12963: 12958: 12954: 12948: 12944: 12943: 12937: 12933: 12927: 12923: 12922: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12903: 12900:. Routledge. 12899: 12898: 12892: 12888: 12882: 12879:. Routledge. 12878: 12874: 12869: 12865: 12859: 12855: 12854: 12848: 12844: 12838: 12834: 12829: 12825: 12819: 12815: 12814: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12782: 12777: 12773: 12769: 12765: 12761: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12742: 12741: 12734: 12730: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12704: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12688: 12684: 12680: 12675: 12671: 12665: 12661: 12660: 12654: 12650: 12644: 12640: 12639: 12633: 12629: 12623: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12607: 12603: 12597: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12573: 12569: 12565: 12561: 12560: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12512: 12508: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12493:0-8050-6587-3 12489: 12486:. Owl Books. 12484: 12483: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12459: 12458: 12453: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12423: 12419: 12418: 12413: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12393: 12389: 12385: 12380: 12376: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12345: 12344: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12330: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12300: 12296: 12290: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12279:Samuel, Edwin 12276: 12272: 12268: 12262: 12257: 12256: 12250: 12246: 12242: 12239: 12234: 12230: 12228:1-85984-340-9 12224: 12220: 12219: 12213: 12209: 12203: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12189: 12185: 12179: 12175: 12174: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12134: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12117: 12106: 12105: 12100: 12096: 12095:Rouleau, Éric 12092: 12088: 12082: 12078: 12077: 12071: 12067: 12061: 12057: 12056: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12036: 12031: 12030: 12023: 12019: 12013: 12009: 12008: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11989: 11986:. Routledge. 11985: 11984: 11978: 11974: 11968: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11949: 11944: 11939: 11935: 11929: 11921: 11917: 11913: 11909: 11908: 11907:World Affairs 11903: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11881: 11876: 11872: 11868: 11862: 11858: 11857: 11851: 11847: 11846: 11840: 11837:. V Gollancz. 11836: 11835: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11816: 11812: 11811: 11805: 11801: 11795: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11771: 11767: 11766: 11760: 11756: 11750: 11746: 11745: 11740: 11739:Novick, Peter 11736: 11732: 11726: 11722: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11694: 11688: 11684: 11683: 11677: 11662: 11659:. July 2001. 11658: 11651: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11623: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11589: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11574: 11573:Morris, Benny 11570: 11566: 11560: 11556: 11555: 11550: 11549:Morris, Benny 11546: 11542: 11536: 11532: 11531: 11526: 11525:Morris, Benny 11522: 11518: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11502: 11501:Morris, Benny 11498: 11494: 11488: 11484: 11483: 11477: 11473: 11467: 11463: 11462: 11456: 11452: 11446: 11442: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11423: 11419: 11414: 11413: 11406: 11402: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11387: 11382: 11381:Milstein, Uri 11378: 11366: 11362: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11330: 11326: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11309: 11305: 11299: 11295: 11294: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11244: 11239: 11235: 11231: 11225: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11201: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11140: 11134: 11130: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11115: 11109: 11105: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11081: 11077: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11006: 11000: 10996: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10975: 10971: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10956: 10950: 10946: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10931: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10854: 10850: 10849:Penguin Books 10845: 10844: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10800: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10776: 10772: 10771:Penguin Books 10768: 10767: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10739: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10706:Lachman, Shai 10703: 10699: 10693: 10689: 10688: 10682: 10678: 10672: 10668: 10667: 10662: 10658: 10654: 10648: 10644: 10643: 10637: 10633: 10627: 10623: 10618: 10614: 10608: 10604: 10603: 10597: 10593: 10587: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10559: 10558: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10526: 10522: 10516: 10512: 10511: 10505: 10501: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10439: 10435: 10434: 10428: 10424: 10418: 10414: 10413: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10387: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10369: 10365: 10361: 10356: 10352: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10316: 10310: 10306: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10291: 10285: 10281: 10275: 10271: 10270:Brill Archive 10267: 10263: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10235: 10231: 10225: 10221: 10217: 10212: 10208: 10202: 10198: 10197: 10191: 10187: 10181: 10177: 10172: 10168: 10162: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10139:Hilberg, Raul 10136: 10132: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10107: 10103: 10102: 10096: 10092: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10045: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10017: 10016: 10010: 10006: 10001: 9990: 9989: 9984: 9983:"Shadowplays" 9980: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9962: 9958: 9953: 9952: 9945: 9941: 9935: 9931: 9930: 9924: 9920: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9903: 9899: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9882: 9878: 9872: 9868: 9867: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9847: 9846: 9840: 9836: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9819: 9807: 9806: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9787: 9783: 9782: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9763: 9759: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9697: 9692: 9691: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9615: 9611: 9610: 9604: 9600: 9594: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9570: 9566: 9565: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9545: 9544: 9538: 9534: 9528: 9524: 9523: 9517: 9513: 9507: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9496:Cohen, Hillel 9493: 9489: 9483: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9448: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9434:Carpi, Daniel 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9414: 9410: 9404: 9400: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9381: 9380: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9343: 9339: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9308: 9303: 9299: 9293: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9255: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9192: 9188: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9155: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9105: 9097: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9064: 9060: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9004: 8999: 8993: 8989: 8984: 8980: 8974: 8970: 8969: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8946: 8945: 8939: 8938: 8926: 8921: 8914: 8909: 8902: 8897: 8890: 8885: 8878: 8873: 8866: 8864: 8858: 8851: 8850:Browning 2015 8846: 8839: 8834: 8827: 8822: 8815: 8814:Beaumont 2015 8810: 8803: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8779: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8755: 8750: 8742: 8736: 8731: 8724: 8719: 8712: 8707: 8700: 8696: 8691: 8684: 8679: 8672: 8667: 8660: 8655: 8649:, p. 51. 8648: 8643: 8637:, p. 73. 8636: 8631: 8624: 8619: 8612: 8608: 8603: 8599:. Gradually ( 8598: 8594: 8589: 8588:Albert Antébi 8585: 8581: 8576: 8569: 8565: 8560: 8553: 8548: 8546: 8538: 8533: 8526: 8521: 8514: 8509: 8502: 8501:Pearlman 1947 8497: 8490: 8485: 8478: 8473: 8466: 8461: 8454: 8449: 8447: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8425: 8419:, p. 57. 8418: 8413: 8406: 8401: 8394: 8389: 8383:, p. 98. 8382: 8377: 8371: 8368: 8364: 8359: 8353:, p. 48. 8352: 8347: 8340: 8335: 8328: 8323: 8317:, p. 20. 8316: 8311: 8304: 8299: 8293:, p. 99. 8292: 8287: 8280: 8275: 8268: 8263: 8256: 8251: 8244: 8239: 8237: 8230:, p. 97. 8229: 8224: 8217: 8212: 8206:, p. 14. 8205: 8200: 8193: 8188: 8186: 8178: 8173: 8167:, p. 30. 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8142: 8137: 8130: 8125: 8118: 8113: 8106: 8101: 8099: 8091: 8086: 8079: 8074: 8068:, p. 21. 8067: 8062: 8055: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8016: 8011: 8009: 8001: 7996: 7989: 7984: 7977: 7972: 7965: 7960: 7953: 7948: 7941: 7936: 7929: 7924: 7917: 7912: 7904: 7898: 7897:Fũhrergedanke 7892: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7869: 7864: 7857: 7852: 7846:, p. 75. 7845: 7840: 7834:, p. 33. 7833: 7828: 7821: 7816: 7810:, p. 34. 7809: 7804: 7797: 7792: 7785: 7780: 7773: 7768: 7761: 7756: 7750:, p. 78. 7749: 7744: 7737: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7721: 7714: 7709: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7685: 7678: 7673: 7667:, p. 53. 7666: 7661: 7654: 7649: 7642: 7637: 7630: 7629:Stillman 2000 7625: 7619:, p. 51. 7618: 7617:Pearlman 1947 7613: 7606: 7601: 7599: 7591: 7586: 7580:, p. 33. 7579: 7574: 7567: 7562: 7555: 7550: 7543: 7538: 7531: 7526: 7519: 7514: 7507: 7502: 7495: 7490: 7488: 7481:, p. 15. 7480: 7475: 7468: 7467:Fountain 2001 7463: 7457:, p. 19. 7456: 7451: 7449: 7442:, p. 68. 7441: 7436: 7429: 7424: 7418:, p. 39. 7417: 7412: 7405: 7400: 7393: 7388: 7381: 7376: 7369: 7364: 7357: 7352: 7345: 7340: 7333: 7328: 7321: 7316: 7309: 7304: 7297: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7280: 7279:Landsman 2005 7275: 7269:, p. 13. 7268: 7263: 7256: 7255:Landsman 2005 7251: 7244: 7243:Pearlman 1963 7239: 7232: 7227: 7220: 7214: 7207: 7206:Cesarani 2007 7202: 7200: 7192: 7191:Cesarani 2007 7187: 7178: 7174: 7172: 7167: 7160: 7156: 7151: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7120: 7115: 7108: 7103: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7069: 7064: 7057: 7052: 7045: 7040: 7038: 7030: 7029:Gensicke 2011 7025: 7018: 7013: 7006: 7001: 6994: 6990: 6985: 6978: 6976: 6969: 6968:Yisraeli 1974 6964: 6957: 6956:Yisraeli 1974 6953: 6952:Browning 2007 6948: 6941: 6936: 6929: 6924: 6917: 6912: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6888: 6886: 6878: 6873: 6866: 6861: 6854: 6849: 6842: 6837: 6830: 6825: 6818: 6813: 6806: 6801: 6795:, p. 96. 6794: 6789: 6783:, p. 70. 6782: 6777: 6770: 6765: 6758: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6737: 6730: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6694: 6689: 6682: 6677: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6653: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6629: 6622: 6618: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6594: 6589: 6582: 6577: 6570: 6565: 6559:, p. 99. 6558: 6553: 6546: 6545:Davidson 2001 6541: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6486: 6481: 6474: 6469: 6462: 6457: 6450: 6445: 6438: 6433: 6426: 6421: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6386: 6384: 6369: 6361: 6355: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6312: 6304: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6285: 6277: 6272: 6265: 6260: 6253: 6248: 6246: 6239:, p. 52. 6238: 6233: 6226: 6221: 6214: 6209: 6202: 6197: 6190: 6185: 6178: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6130: 6125: 6118: 6113: 6107:, p. 87. 6106: 6101: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6069: 6062: 6057: 6051:, p. 83. 6050: 6045: 6038: 6033: 6026: 6021: 6014: 6010: 6005: 5998: 5993: 5991: 5984:, p. 73. 5983: 5978: 5971: 5966: 5959: 5954: 5947: 5942: 5935: 5930: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5906: 5899: 5894: 5887: 5882: 5875: 5870: 5864:, p. 16. 5863: 5858: 5851: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5827: 5822: 5815: 5810: 5803: 5798: 5796: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5768: 5763: 5756: 5751: 5744: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5723: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5676: 5671: 5664: 5659: 5652: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5628: 5623: 5616: 5611: 5604: 5599: 5592: 5587: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5567: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505:, p. 71. 5504: 5503:Ovendale 2004 5499: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5461: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5439: 5432: 5428: 5427:Kolinsky 1993 5422: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5374: 5368:, p. 77. 5367: 5362: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5287: 5282: 5275: 5270: 5263: 5262:Robinson 1997 5258: 5252:, p. 38. 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5216:, p. 32. 5215: 5214:Matthews 2006 5210: 5203: 5202:Matthews 2006 5198: 5192:, p. 48. 5191: 5187: 5182: 5176:, p. 69. 5175: 5170: 5162: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5139: 5134: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5092: 5085: 5084:Ghandour 2009 5080: 5073: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5044: 5037: 5032: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4990: 4983: 4978: 4977:prémeditation 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4934: 4927: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4875: 4874:Friedman 2000 4870: 4864:, p. 35. 4863: 4858: 4851: 4846: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4806:, p. 31. 4805: 4804:Matthews 2006 4800: 4798: 4796: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4761:, p. 33 4760: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4729: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4689: 4682: 4679:, p. 6; 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4637: 4632: 4625: 4620: 4613: 4612:Tschirgi 2004 4608: 4602:, p. 53. 4601: 4596: 4589: 4584: 4577: 4572: 4565: 4560: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4528:Mitchell 2013 4524: 4517: 4516:Blamires 2006 4512: 4505: 4504:Ghandour 2009 4500: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4450:Samir Shammai 4446: 4445:Latin America 4442: 4438: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4407:Jewish Agency 4402: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4380:, p. 25) 4379: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4352: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4321: 4314: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4262:anti-Semitism 4259: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4208: 4192: 4191:Alimjan Idris 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4148: 4145: 4134: 4131: 4120: 4109: 4099: 4094: 4084: 4079: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4059: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4037: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3935:Theodor Herzl 3932: 3928: 3924: 3919: 3918:Philip Mattar 3915: 3913: 3909: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3875:Michael Sells 3872: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3823: 3822:Philip Mattar 3819: 3815: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3720:from Jordan. 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615:Holy War Army 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3542:Jewish Agency 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3522:Holy War Army 3519: 3515: 3513: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3494:district and 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3480:Holy War Army 3477: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3380: 3375: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3305:Moshe Sharett 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:Jewish Agency 3281: 3278: 3274: 3273:war criminals 3269: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3227:Volksdeutsche 3224: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3132: 3127: 3118: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3103: 3102:Abu Khurreira 3099: 3095: 3094: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3008: 3006: 3000: 2995: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2956: 2953: 2952:Bernard Lewis 2948: 2947:Rafael Medoff 2944: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2935:Hannah Arendt 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2912:'s deputies, 2911: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2822:The Holocaust 2819: 2817: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2770: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2673: 2665: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2470:quadrumvirate 2467: 2462: 2460: 2455: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2378:Philip Mattar 2369: 2365: 2363: 2362:Philip Mattar 2359: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2263:tramp steamer 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155:Fascist Italy 2151: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:Shakib Arslan 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2021:Izzat Darwaza 2017: 2016: 2010: 2006: 2005:Lord Melchett 2001: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1895: 1890: 1887:, waving the 1886: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1838:for the 16th 1837: 1833: 1823: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1719: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562:Jewish Agency 1558: 1552: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1525:Jewish Agency 1522: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1382:Greater Syria 1379: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1336:Field-marshal 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1125:Rachel's Tomb 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1110:Joseph's Tomb 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 996: 995: 989: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 971: 970: 967: 965: 964:Islamic Jihad 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 943: 940: 939: 934: 930: 929: 926: 923: 921: 918: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 904: 901: 897: 894: 893: 891: 888: 887: 884: 881: 880: 879: 878: 875: 872: 871: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 834: 829: 827: 824: 823: 822: 821: 818: 815: 814: 810: 806: 805: 802: 799: 798: 794: 793: 785: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 751: 747: 743: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 671: 666: 662: 658: 653: 651: 650:Albert Antébi 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 590: 586: 583: 580: 576: 571: 562: 561:cooperation. 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 512:Holy War Army 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460:Fascist Italy 457: 453: 449: 444: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 410:to a form of 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 339: 324: 320: 311: 307: 299: 294: 291: 287: 284: 280: 277: 276: 274: 270: 265: 261: 258: 255: 249: 246: 243: 237: 231: 226: 223: 222:All-Palestine 220:President of 218: 215: 212: 206: 200: 195: 192: 187: 184: 181: 175: 172: 169: 163: 157: 152: 149: 145: 141: 137: 134: 131: 129: 125: 122: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 90: 74: 70: 65: 50: 46: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 14269:1890s births 14210:Pan-Islamism 14088: 14081: 14074: 13974:Ba'ath Party 13851:Ameen Rihani 13820: 13711:Jassem Alwan 13706:Michel Aflaq 13562:Algerian War 13488:Iraqi Revolt 13326: 13319:Grand Muftis 13304:(1860s–1908) 13298:(1856–1860s) 13186:at Wikiquote 13150: 13137: 13121: 13089: 13066: 13053: 13033: 13012: 12988: 12965: 12941: 12920: 12896: 12876: 12852: 12832: 12812: 12798:– via 12780: 12762:– via 12739: 12718: 12686: 12682: 12658: 12637: 12617: 12590: 12558: 12532: 12528: 12506: 12496:– via 12481: 12455: 12443: 12416: 12387: 12383: 12363: 12346:. SP Books. 12342: 12328: 12304: 12283: 12269:– via 12254: 12245:Said, Edward 12236: 12231:– via 12217: 12196: 12172: 12159: 12145: 12121: 12110:16 September 12108:. Retrieved 12102: 12075: 12054: 12043:– via 12028: 12006: 11982: 11961: 11957:Rees, Philip 11946: 11928:cite journal 11911: 11905: 11889:the original 11879: 11855: 11844: 11833: 11809: 11788: 11764: 11743: 11720: 11706: 11681: 11668:. Retrieved 11625: 11621: 11613:the original 11583:– via 11553: 11529: 11505: 11481: 11460: 11440: 11430:– via 11411: 11385: 11369:. Retrieved 11365:the original 11358: 11337: 11333: 11313: 11292: 11271: 11267: 11247: 11241: 11218: 11194: 11171: 11166: 11138: 11113: 11088: 11060: 11032: 11004: 10979: 10954: 10929: 10901: 10874: 10861:– via 10842: 10825:the original 10820: 10793: 10765: 10737: 10713: 10686: 10665: 10641: 10621: 10601: 10580: 10556: 10533: 10509: 10489: 10459: 10432: 10411: 10390: 10386:Karmi, Ghada 10367: 10364:Storicamente 10363: 10339: 10314: 10289: 10265: 10242: 10219: 10195: 10175: 10155: 10142: 10131:Controverses 10130: 10100: 10080: 10061: 10038: 10014: 10004: 9994:15 September 9992:. Retrieved 9986: 9979:Gordon, Neve 9969:– via 9950: 9928: 9907: 9886: 9865: 9844: 9823: 9810:. Retrieved 9803: 9780: 9746: 9742:Fisk, Robert 9722: 9708:– via 9689: 9664: 9632: 9628:Elpeleg, Zvi 9608: 9587: 9563: 9542: 9521: 9500: 9476: 9455: 9451: 9438: 9421: 9398: 9378: 9363: 9329: 9306: 9286: 9282:Black, Edwin 9272:– via 9253: 9248:Black, Edwin 9239: 9233: 9209: 9186: 9177:The Guardian 9175: 9148: 9144:Haber, Eitan 9121: 9095: 9084: 9071: 9047: 9040:(in French). 9035: 9017: 9001: 8987: 8967: 8943: 8920: 8913:Achcar 2010b 8908: 8896: 8884: 8872: 8862: 8857: 8845: 8838:Rudoren 2015 8833: 8821: 8809: 8797: 8785: 8773: 8761: 8749: 8735:Rouleau 1994 8730: 8718: 8706: 8690: 8685:, 43:24 min. 8678: 8666: 8654: 8642: 8635:Elpeleg 2007 8630: 8618: 8597:Third Temple 8580:Laurens 2002 8575: 8559: 8552:Rouleau 1994 8532: 8520: 8515:, p. ?. 8508: 8496: 8484: 8477:Achcar 2010b 8472: 8460: 8453:Achcar 2010b 8424: 8412: 8405:Laurens 2007 8400: 8393:Laurens 2007 8388: 8381:Elpeleg 2007 8376: 8358: 8351:Elpeleg 2007 8346: 8334: 8322: 8310: 8303:Laurens 2007 8298: 8286: 8274: 8262: 8250: 8223: 8216:Budeiri 2001 8211: 8199: 8177:Elpeleg 2007 8172: 8160: 8148: 8136: 8129:Laurens 2002 8124: 8112: 8105:Laurens 2002 8085: 8078:Hilberg 1973 8073: 8061: 8054:Hershco 2006 7995: 7983: 7971: 7959: 7947: 7935: 7923: 7911: 7875: 7863: 7851: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7803: 7791: 7779: 7767: 7755: 7743: 7732: 7728: 7720: 7708: 7696: 7684: 7672: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7624: 7612: 7585: 7573: 7566:Achcar 2010a 7561: 7549: 7537: 7525: 7513: 7501: 7474: 7462: 7440:Elpeleg 2007 7435: 7423: 7411: 7404:Achcar 2010b 7399: 7392:Achcar 2010b 7387: 7375: 7363: 7356:Hilberg 1973 7351: 7344:Laurens 2002 7339: 7327: 7315: 7303: 7298:, p. ?. 7274: 7262: 7250: 7238: 7226: 7213: 7186: 7171:Hopwood 1980 7166: 7159:Yehuda Bauer 7150: 7143:Achcar 2010b 7138: 7131:Laurens 2002 7126: 7119:Achcar 2010b 7114: 7102: 7090: 7063: 7051: 7024: 7019:, p. 7. 7012: 7005:Laurens 2002 7000: 6993:Laurens 2002 6984: 6972: 6963: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6911: 6899: 6872: 6865:Nicosia 2017 6860: 6848: 6836: 6829:Laurens 2002 6824: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6776: 6764: 6748: 6741:Elpeleg 2012 6736: 6724: 6712: 6700: 6695:, p. 9. 6688: 6676: 6664: 6652: 6640: 6628: 6612: 6600: 6595:, p. 8. 6588: 6576: 6571:, p. 7. 6564: 6552: 6540: 6533:Nicosia 2000 6528: 6516: 6509:Nicosia 2008 6504: 6497:Nicosia 2000 6492: 6485:Nicosia 2000 6480: 6473:Laurens 2002 6468: 6461:Nicosia 2000 6456: 6444: 6432: 6427:, p. 7. 6420: 6413:Laqueur 1970 6408: 6382: 6379: 6368: 6349: 6337: 6325: 6298: 6291:Laurens 2002 6271: 6259: 6237:Elpeleg 2007 6232: 6220: 6208: 6201:Hilberg 1973 6196: 6184: 6172: 6160: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6117:Laurens 2002 6112: 6100: 6087:, p. 9 6080: 6068: 6056: 6044: 6032: 6020: 6015:, p. 8. 6009:Laurens 2002 6004: 5977: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5934:Laurens 2002 5929: 5922:Laurens 2002 5917: 5905: 5898:Laurens 2002 5893: 5886:Achcar 2010b 5881: 5874:Lachman 1982 5869: 5862:Hen-Tov 1974 5857: 5850:Laurens 2002 5845: 5838:Laurens 2002 5833: 5826:Huneidi 2001 5821: 5809: 5779:Laurens 2002 5774: 5767:Laurens 2002 5762: 5750: 5739:Laurens 2002 5734: 5727:Laurens 2002 5722: 5715:Laurens 2002 5710: 5699:Laurens 2002 5694: 5688:Riad al-Suhl 5682: 5670: 5658: 5651:Laurens 2002 5646: 5639:Laqueur 2003 5634: 5622: 5610: 5603:Laurens 2002 5598: 5591:Laurens 2002 5586: 5579:Laurens 2002 5566: 5559:Laurens 2002 5554: 5542: 5510: 5498: 5487:Laurens 2002 5482: 5475:Laurens 2002 5460:Laurens 2002 5451: 5438: 5421: 5414:Laurens 2002 5409: 5402:Laurens 2002 5397: 5385: 5373: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5338:Laurens 2002 5333: 5325: 5317: 5305: 5293: 5281: 5269: 5264:, p. 6. 5257: 5245: 5238:Huneidi 2001 5233: 5221: 5209: 5197: 5190:Elpeleg 2007 5181: 5169: 5150:Khalidi 2001 5145: 5138:Elpeleg 2007 5133: 5115: 5108:Elpeleg 2007 5103: 5091: 5079: 5067: 5060:Nicosia 2008 5055: 5043: 5031: 5018:Laurens 1999 5013: 5006:Huneidi 2001 5001: 4989: 4982:Laurens 1999 4969: 4957: 4945: 4938:Laurens 1999 4933: 4928:, p. 6. 4926:Elpeleg 2007 4921: 4909: 4898:Huneidi 2001 4893: 4881: 4869: 4862:Huneidi 2001 4857: 4845: 4828:Laurens 1999 4823: 4818:, p. 3. 4816:Elpeleg 2007 4811: 4787:Achcar 2010c 4782: 4770: 4754: 4747:Laurens 1999 4742: 4735:Laurens 2002 4720:Laurens 1999 4715: 4693:Laurens 1999 4688: 4683:, p. 2. 4672: 4660: 4636:Khalidi 2020 4631: 4624:Khalidi 2001 4619: 4607: 4595: 4583: 4576:Elpeleg 2007 4571: 4566:, p. 1. 4564:Elpeleg 2007 4559: 4547: 4535: 4523: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4465: 4401: 4393: 4385: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4351: 4337: 4332: 4325:Laurens 1999 4313: 4298: 4254:Nazi Germany 4248: 4241:Laurens 1999 4237:Laurens 2002 4130:Islam portal 4041: 4032: 4025: 3997: 3980: 3960: 3957: 3952:Peter Novick 3950: 3946: 3939: 3916: 3906: 3896: 3880: 3867:Benny Morris 3861: 3856: 3843: 3826: 3810: 3758: 3722: 3701: 3689: 3684:Muin al-Madi 3634: 3629: 3608: 3606:irrelevant. 3577: 3560: 3555: 3531: 3516: 3509: 3484:Hasan Salama 3465: 3461: 3444: 3439:World War II 3422: 3412: 3389: 3344: 3328: 3320: 3313: 3289:Raul Hilberg 3282: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258:house arrest 3247: 3219: 3208: 3203: 3168: 3162: 3157: 3136: 3111: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3084:Lord Haw-Haw 3076:Hasan Salama 3065: 3060: 3032:Hasan Salama 3018: 3014: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2976: 2966:Idith Zertal 2962: 2945: 2938: 2903: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2861:amour-propre 2852: 2841: 2830: 2812: 2790:Fritz Grobba 2788: 2775: 2771: 2767:Fritz Grobba 2764: 2729: 2720:Vichy France 2718:against the 2711:Adolf Hitler 2704: 2678: 2667: 2659: 2628: 2579: 2543: 2535:David Raziel 2504: 2483: 2466:Nuri as-Said 2463: 2451: 2417: 2405: 2375: 2366: 2358:Nuri al-Said 2346: 2338: 2323: 2307: 2226: 2210:Nuri as-Said 2194: 2139: 2097: 2094: 2074: 2070: 2045:Saudi Arabia 2029: 2002: 1997:Edwin Samuel 1970: 1941: 1917: 1852: 1829: 1800: 1786: 1771: 1724: 1688:Western Wall 1664:Western Wall 1649: 1635:production, 1596:Temple Mount 1579: 1538:between the 1533: 1513: 1462: 1446:Al-Fida'iyya 1441:Dar al-Islam 1430: 1375: 1358:David Yellin 1347: 1318: 1311:Herod's Gate 1299:Palin Report 1280: 1273: 1269:Aref al-Aref 1232: 1163: 1065:Christianity 979:Governorates 941: 882: 817:Demographics 801:Palestinians 781:Palin Report 746:Ottoman Army 739: 707: 691:Muslim World 654: 629: 593: 543:antisemitism 536: 476:Adolf Hitler 472:World War II 470:with during 468:collaborated 464:Nazi Germany 445: 392:Ottoman army 365: 357:Jerusalemite 318: 317: 293:Nazi Germany 282:(until 1918) 256: 252:Succeeded by 244: 229: 213: 198: 178:Succeeded by 155: 107:Denomination 18: 14274:1974 deaths 13904:Arab Ba'ath 13826:Salah Jadid 13683:Arabization 13530:Six-Day War 13525:Suez Crisis 13471:Arab Revolt 13450:Pan-Arabism 13353:(1994–2006) 13347:(1993–1994) 13341:(1952–1993) 13335:(1948–1954) 13329:(1921–1937) 13310:(1908–1921) 13280:(1809–1834) 13274:(1791–1809) 13147:Zvi Elpeleg 12693:: 210–244. 12610:Shlaim, Avi 12586:Shlaim, Avi 11784:Pappé, Ilan 11628:(1): 3–16. 11371:27 February 10622:War on Hate 10486:Shlaim, Avi 9458:: 101–131. 9098:. Damascus. 8925:Aderet 2022 8778:Zertal 2005 8766:Novick 2000 8723:Mattar 1988 8695:Zertal 2005 8671:Morris 2008 8525:Mattar 1988 8489:Mattar 1988 8429:Morris 1997 8417:Morris 2011 8315:Brynen 1990 8291:Shlaim 2001 8255:Kassim 1988 8228:Shlaim 2001 8204:Sayigh 1999 8165:Shlaim 2001 8117:Morris 2008 8090:Shlaim 2000 7772:Mojzes 2011 7748:Mojzes 2011 7641:Spoerl 2020 7605:Sachar 1961 7554:Medoff 1996 7368:Zertal 2005 7296:Medoff 1996 7267:Arendt 1963 7179:I heard say 6805:Gavish 2010 6793:Lukitz 1995 6769:Mattar 1984 6753:Mattar 1984 6717:Mattar 1984 6705:Mattar 1984 6681:Mattar 1984 6657:Mattar 1984 6617:Mattar 1984 6437:Mattar 1984 6401:Mattar 1984 6342:Morris 2008 6318:Mattar 1984 6264:Gordon 2008 6252:Mikics 2014 6225:Khalaf 1991 6213:Morris 2011 6177:Mattar 1984 6165:Mattar 1984 6153:Mattar 1984 6129:Mattar 1984 6089:Ghada Karmi 6073:Mattar 1984 6049:Mattar 1992 6025:Hughes 2019 5997:Sachar 2006 5982:Sachar 1972 5970:Sachar 2006 5787:Brit Shalom 5783:Samuel 1970 5743:Sicker 2000 5675:Krämer 2008 5663:Krämer 2008 5627:Sicker 2000 5615:Sicker 2000 5535:Krämer 2008 5442:Among them 5390:Yaeger 1996 5366:Sicker 2000 5274:Morris 2011 5226:Reiter 1996 5186:Sicker 2000 5096:Morris 2011 5072:Tauber 1994 5023:am al-nakba 4994:Tauber 1994 4962:Sicker 2000 4886:Tauber 1994 4850:Krämer 2008 4763:Krämer 2008 4759:Sicker 2000 4708:Krämer 2008 4677:Mattar 1992 4665:Brynen 1990 4552:Gelvin 2007 4540:Peretz 1994 4441:Middle East 4437:Soviet bloc 4357:Kotzin 2010 4291:Gelvin 2014 4229:Mattar 1992 3941:Robert Fisk 3923:Zvi Elpeleg 3908:Edward Said 3834:nationalism 3801:Zvi Elpeleg 3773:Six-Day War 3746:Six-Day War 3691:1948, King 3674:, Quwatli, 3623:Glubb Pasha 3619:Arab Legion 3538:Transjordan 3500:Arab League 3408:Issa Khalaf 3301:Jewish Army 3250:Switzerland 3161:, the 21st 3155:: the 13th 3121:Recruitment 3068:Axis Powers 3041:Eitan Haber 2922:Third Reich 2897:Muhammadans 2759:Eid al-Adha 2691:Beseitigung 2639:Axis powers 2609:Axis powers 2562:Arab Legion 2550:coup d'état 2479:Middle East 2459:King Faisal 2293:village of 2202:Transjordan 2119:al-Futuwwah 2009:Middle East 2003:In London, 1944:Mea Shearim 1928:Transjordan 1913:kotel notes 1865:revisionist 1796:Lord Plumer 1794:to succeed 1782:White Paper 1749:, a Jewish 1735:monarchical 1679:chief rabbi 1672:inalienable 1617:Antiquities 1486:Nashashibis 1378:Pan-Arabism 1320:in absentia 1173:Handicrafts 1120:Nabi Samwil 826:Definitions 769:Arab Revolt 742:World War I 736:World War I 726:World War I 724:. Prior to 675:Rashid Rida 667:and at the 659:briefly at 657:Islamic law 539:nationalism 504:Arab League 466:, which he 408:pan-Arabism 396:World War I 338:Palestinian 334: 1897 301:(1941–1945) 289:(1920–1937) 240:Preceded by 209:Preceded by 166:Preceded by 78:(aged  76:4 July 1974 59: 1897 14258:Categories 14068:Literature 13761:Tariq Aziz 13678:Arab world 13673:Arab Union 13602:Dhofar War 12748:. p.  12476:Segev, Tom 11655:. London: 11010:Frank Cass 10718:Frank Cass 10576:Kohn, Hans 10320:I.B.Tauris 10268:. Leiden: 9988:The Nation 9812:22 October 9037:Libération 8889:Sells 2015 8877:Sells 2015 8826:Ravid 2015 8790:Sells 2015 8659:Sells 2015 8623:Kiely 2008 8537:Sells 2015 8339:Cohen 2008 8327:Cohen 2008 8243:Kamel 2013 8141:Cohen 2008 7976:Lepre 1997 7964:Lepre 1997 7952:Lepre 1997 7940:Hoare 2014 7916:Lepre 1997 7880:Lepre 1997 7856:Lepre 1997 7844:Lepre 1997 7832:Lepre 1997 7820:Lepre 1997 7808:Lepre 1997 7796:Lepre 1997 7784:Lepre 1997 7760:Lepre 1997 7725:Lepre 1997 7713:Lepre 1997 7701:Stein 1984 7689:Lepre 1997 7665:Hoare 2013 7590:Sells 2015 7479:Adams 2009 7428:Lewis 1997 7416:Carpi 1977 7332:Sells 2015 7308:Lewis 1999 7231:Sells 2015 7155:Ahren 2015 7083:Sells 2015 6940:Lewis 1999 6928:Lewis 1999 6916:Segev 2001 6904:Lewis 1999 6892:Lewis 2002 6877:Lewis 1999 6817:Tripp 2002 6781:Davis 2005 6757:Simon 2004 6645:Simon 2004 6605:Tripp 2002 6581:Simon 2004 6557:Tripp 2002 6276:Cohen 2008 6141:Cohen 2008 6085:Karmi 2004 5910:Rosen 2005 5547:Gonen 2003 5431:Segev 2001 5174:Cohen 1989 4950:Segev 2001 4775:Pappé 2010 4681:Pappé 1994 4653:Sells 2015 4588:Kopel 2021 4458:Sells 2015 4428:Aliyah Bet 4415:Bratislava 4287:Stern Gang 4047:Yad Vashem 4043:Dani Dayan 4021:Mauthausen 3921:decisive. 3851:Gaza Strip 3838:Peter Wien 3750:Emil Ghuri 3729:Heliopolis 3710:King Talal 3586:was named 3451:Golda Meir 3435:Rashid Ali 3404:Musa Alami 3369:resolution 3354:See also: 3215:Bolshevism 3164:Skanderbeg 3051:Propaganda 2643:Suez Canal 2586:Rashid Ali 2570:Rashid Ali 2554:Rashid Ali 2539:Habbaniyya 2515:War Office 2475:Rashid Ali 2438:See also: 2251:Seychelles 1876:Harry Luke 1857:Tisha B'Av 1853:status quo 1801:status quo 1778:Vaad Leumi 1759:Harry Luke 1747:Yom Kippur 1696:status quo 1668:Abu Madyan 1627:arts like 1183:Literature 1115:Lot's Tomb 1042:Gaza Strip 908:Government 693:to defeat 630:rüshidiyye 565:Early life 355:family of 353:al-Husayni 347:leader in 272:Allegiance 14101:Symbolism 13445:Nasserism 13440:Ba'athism 13153:Routledge 12993:Routledge 12699:0792-335X 12404:154921401 12259:. Verso. 12194:(2006) . 12176:. Knopf. 12004:(1971) . 11914:: 65–75. 11593:lse.ac.uk 11557:. Knopf. 11551:(2011) . 11119:Routledge 11086:(2002) . 11030:(1997) . 10763:(1970) . 10394:. Verso. 10141:(1973) . 9686:(2008) . 9474:(2007) . 9424:(11–12). 9146:(2002) . 9104:cite book 8965:(2010b). 8901:Höpp 2004 8754:Fisk 2006 8711:Said 1988 8465:Fisk 2006 8437:Hashemite 8267:Hall 2008 8015:Fisk 2006 7653:Fisk 2006 7578:Shay 2009 7044:Wien 2016 6841:Fisk 2006 6729:Nevo 1984 6693:Nevo 1984 6669:Nevo 1984 6593:Nevo 1984 6569:Nevo 1984 6037:Rose 1989 5527:Monk 2002 5322:Monk 2002 5310:Monk 2002 5286:UNPC 1948 4600:Kohn 1929 4492:Sela 2002 4480:Citations 4368:Kaufman, 4203:Footnotes 4111:episodes) 4017:Treblinka 4009:Auschwitz 3988:Palestine 3847:West Bank 3602:made the 3573:Jerusalem 3569:Palestine 3496:Jerusalem 3390:When the 3316:Léon Blum 3191:, or the 3158:Handschar 3153:Albanians 3093:Handschar 2920:" by the 2908:, one of 2881:Germany." 2716:Gaullists 2394:Nabi Musa 2390:Palestine 2319:Holocaust 2291:Christian 2272:Husayniya 2238:al-Qassam 2167:Jerusalem 2146:Palestine 2108:Boy Scout 1967:Aftermath 1809:Nabi Musa 1767:Palestine 1761:, acting 1739:Ibn Sa'ud 1676:Ashkenazi 1643:work and 1637:woodcraft 1633:glassware 1557:mu'aridun 1551:mu'aridun 1545:majlisiya 1540:Husseinis 1283:Nabi Musa 1037:West Bank 1031:Palestine 833:Palestine 773:Jerusalem 750:artillery 596:Jerusalem 500:West Bank 368:Jerusalem 230:In office 199:In office 160:1921–1937 156:In office 91:, Lebanon 64:Jerusalem 14243:Category 14185:Islamism 13894:Al-Fatat 13661:Concepts 13428:Ideology 13373:claimed 13345:Ja'abari 13339:al-Alami 13333:Jarallah 13292:(?–1856) 13286:(1834–?) 13087:(2005). 12918:(2001). 12810:(1972). 12774:(2000). 12717:(2015). 12707:26870795 12612:(2001). 12588:(2000). 12549:24586167 12478:(2001). 12414:(2004). 12340:(1986). 12326:(1965). 12281:(1970). 12170:(1972). 12158:(1961). 11959:(1990). 11948:Ynetnews 11831:(1947). 11786:(1994). 11741:(2000). 11661:Archived 11527:(2008). 11503:(1997). 11290:(1992). 11256:41857733 11058:(1999). 10927:(2007). 10899:(2002). 10873:(1999). 10839:(2001). 10791:(2003). 10708:(1982). 10663:(2008). 10578:(1929). 10488:(eds.). 10480:(2001). 10454:(1997). 10436:. 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