Knowledge

6594:, p. 130: "Soon after his arrival al-Husseini was received in state by the Iraqi politicians who welcomed and feted him and voted him an immediate subvention of ID 18,000 to be folloed by other grants throughout his stay in Iraq: ID 1,000 monthly from hidden funds of the Iraqi secret service, 2 percent of the salary of every Iraqi government official including the military and the police, grants of ID 12,000 between 1939 and mid-1940 for the relief of distress in Palestine, and special sums donated by the Palestine Defense Society, the Red Crescent, and other public donations. He received gifts from Egypt, from King 'Abd al-'Azis Al Sa'ud, payments of some ID 60,000 from the Germans and some ID 40,000 from the Italians, who also promised £20,000 in gold monthly if al-Husseini initiated another Palestine revolt. He was the guest of honor at state functions and, with his 5,000 to 6,000 followers, al-Husseini installed a mini-government in Baghdad where he settled and began to renew contact with old friends and make new ones in the Iraqi army and police force, with lawyers, doctors and teachers. By 1941 his influence was such that he could place Palestinians in the Iraqi bureaucracy, adding more teachers and other professionals to those Palestinians already working in Iraq. It was said that he controlled hirings, firings, and promotions in Iraqi government departments, that he could have passports issued on demand to his followers, and that he could authorize the importation of personal effects into Iraq duty-free. He controlled newspapers and propaganda mechanisms, some mutually with German influence and money, which were not interfered with." 4483:, p. 190: "On December 31 (1947), Macatee, the American consul general in Jerusalem, filed a report summing up the events of the month following the UN decision to partition Palestine. ... Terror ruled Palestine, Macatee wrote. That situation certainly would continue until Britain withdrew. The direct cause of terror was partition; other causes were the Arabs patriotic feelings and their hatred of Jews. As an example, Macatee described who the Arabs were shooting at: a Jewish woman, the mother of five children, hanging her laundry on the line; the ambulance that took her to the hospital; and mourners attending her funeral. The roads between the Jewish settlements were blocked, supplies of food were spotty and the Arabs even attacked police vehicles. The Jews were quieter: the Stern Gang (LEHI) struck only at the British and the Hagana at Arabs only in retaliation. ETZEL, which had started such actions, apparently had the Hagana in tow, and if attacks on Jews continued, the Hagana might switch from a policy of protecting lives to aggressive defense. The Jewish Agency, wrote Macatee, was correct to a certain extent in its claim that the British were supporting the Arabs...The Arab's leader, al-Husseini, enjoyed popular support in the Arab states….The arabs of Eretz Israel did not dare to oppose Haj Amin, yet neither did they rally en masse around his flag in the war against the Zionists." 3376: 5049:, pp. 81–86."Faysal's fall marked an important turning point. From then until 1948, Palestinian politics and loyalties were determined by the idea of an independent Palestine." (p.86) "The platform drawn up in Haifa would change little over the next few decades. It contained the following six elements: the first public recognition of Palestine, as it would be constituted by the mandate, as a distinct political entity for the people living there.. a total rejection of any political or moral right of the Jews over Palestine; a declaration of unity among the Palestinian Arabs to supersede any other loyalties, such as those to religion, region, and clan; a call to the new administration to halt any transfers of Arab or state lands to Jewish control; the demand to close Palestine to further immigration; a call to recognize the Arab executive Committee.. as a legitimate representative of the population before the British authorities (with a status similar to that defined for the Jewish Agency).." (p.86) 2320: 2328:, which had recommended an Arab-majority state and an end to building a Jewish national home. The rejection was based on its perceived failure to promise an end to immigration; the land policy it advocated was thought to provide imperfect remedies: and the promised independence appeared to depend on Jewish assent and cooperation. Husseini, who also had personal interests threatened by these arrangements, also feared that acceptance would strengthen the hand of his political opponents in the Palestine national movement, such as the Nashashibis. Schwanitz and Rubin argued that Husseini was a great influence on Hitler and that his rejectionism was, ironically, the real causal factor for the establishment of the state of Israel, a thesis Mikics, who regards Husseini as a "radical anti-semite", finds both "astonishing" and "silly", since it would logically entail the collateral thesis that the Zionist movement triggered the 3357: 2994: 3067: 1791:"demanded that British administration expropriate the wall for the Jews". In reply, the Muslims organized a Defence Committee for the Protection of the Noble Buraq, and huge crowd rallies took place on the Al-Aqsa plaza in protest. Work, often noisy, was immediately undertaken on a mosque above the Jewish prayer site. Disturbances such as opening a passage for donkeys to pass through the area, angered worshippers. After intense negotiations, the Zionist organisation denied any intent to take over the whole Haram Ash-Sharif, but demanded the government expropriate and raze the Moroccan quarter. A law of 1924 allowed the British authorities to expropriate property, and fear of this in turn greatly agitated the Muslim community, though the laws of donation of the waqf explicitly disallowed any such alienation. After lengthy deliberation, a 3137: 3279: 4637:, p. 23: "There is an element of amnesiac historiography in the vilification of the mufti, influenced by his subsequent career after 1936. In fact, Husayni served the British exceedingly well for the decade and a half after his appointment, at least until 1936 when he felt obliged to align himself with a growing popular rebellion against his former British masters. One indication of how valuable the British perceived the mufti to be is the willingness of the notoriously tight-fisted Mandatory administration to subsidize him. When the revenues of the public awqaf properties declined after the Great Depression of 1929, and with it the revenues of the Supreme Muslim Council, the latter were supplemented by British subventions starting in 1931, which were naturally kept secret.". 4459: 2407:. They expressed their approval of the anti-Jewish boycott in Germany and asked Wolff not to send any Jews to Palestine. Wolff subsequently wrote in his annual report for that year that the Arabs' political naïvety led them to fail to recognize the link between German Jewish policy and their problems in Palestine, and that their enthusiasm for Nazi Germany was devoid of any real understanding of the phenomenon. The various proposals by Palestinian Arab notables like al-Husseini were rejected consistently over the years out of concern to avoid disrupting Anglo-German relations, in line with Germany's policy of not imperiling their economic and cultural interests in the region by a change in their policy of neutrality, and respect for British interests. Hitler's 1957:. It was also a day of Muslim prayer. A large crowd, composed of many people from outlying villages, thronged into Jerusalem, many armed with sticks and knives. It is not known whether this was organized by al-Husseini or the result of spontaneous mobilisation. The sermon at Al-Aqsa was to be delivered by another preacher, but Luke prevailed on al-Husseini to leave his home and go to the mosque, where he was greeted as "the sword of the faith" and where he instructed the preacher to deliver a pacific sermon, while sending an urgent message for police reinforcements around the Haram. In response to the peaceful address, extremists harangued the crowd, accusing al-Husseini of being an infidel to the Muslim cause. The same violent accusation was launched in 2944:, Feival Polkes, Polkes supported German foreign policy in the Near East and offered to work for them in intelligence. Eichmann and Hagen spent one night in Haifa but were refused a visa to stay any longer. They met Polkes in Cairo instead. Eichmann stated that he had only been introduced to al-Husseini during an official reception, along with all other department heads, and there is no evidence, despite intensive investigations, that shows al-Husseini to have been a close collaborator of Eichmann, exercising influence over him or accompanying on visits to death camps. The Jerusalem court accepted Wisliceny's testimony about a key conversation between Eichmann and the mufti, and found as proven that al-Husseini had aimed to implement the Final Solution. 2709: 2757: 2975: 3657:– "when the sword talks, there is no place for talking". Many recalled his policy of assassinating mukhtars in the Revolt of 1936–39 and viewed al-Husseini and his kind as "an assembly of traitors". The opposition of a relevant percentage of the Palestinian society to al-Husseini goes back to an earlier period and was also connected to the British way of dealing with the local majority: "The present administration of Palestine", lamented for example the representatives of the Palestine Arab Delegation in a letter to British public opinion in 1930, "is appointed by His Majesty's Government and governs the country through an autocratic system in which the population has no say". 6682:, p. 9 "As a result of these meetings an agreement was initialled whereby the Arabs of Palestine (through their representatives, the members of the AHC), undertook to support Britain and agree to the White Paper on condition that the clause pertaining to the country's independence be put into application forthwith and not after a ten-year period of transition as provided in the original document. Nuri al-Sa'id, with the consent of his government, undertook to place two divisions (about half of the Iraqi army) at the disposal of the Allies outside Iraq (in other words, to take an active part in the fighting against the Axis), if the agreement were implemented." 8616:) he was persuaded that world Judaism supported Zionists in a secretive manner and exercised a major influence over decision-making in Great Britain and the United States. For some time (during WW2) he was certain (based on real facts) that the Zionists were seeking to assassinate him. … It is evident that he gradually came to identify his battle in Palestine with that of Germany against world Judaism. The reading of all those passages in his memoirs devoted to his European sojourn reveal an assimilation of the content of european antisemitism, with their two great themes of the identification of Judaism with financial capitalism (Anglo-Saxons), and of the 7292:, p. 96 writes: "The Mufti materials were highly prejudicial, and the argument constructed from them was deeply troubling. ... Eichmann's and the Mufti's crimes had nothing to do with each other. The prosecution's attempt to link Eichmann symbolically with the Arabs, Israel's bitterest enemy, showed its preoccupation with the contemporary situation of the Jewish state. The success of this effort to prejudice the court is clear in the judges' willingness to entertain the Mufti evidence and to incorporate it into their judgment in a coy passage that identifies shared goals but not a shred of actual joint criminal activity." 3236:; that partisans be amnestied if they laid down their arms; that the civilian population not be subject to vexations by troops; that assistance be offered to innocents injured by operations; and that harsh measures like deportations, confiscations of goods, or executions be governed in accordance with the rule of law. The Handschar earned a repute for brutality in ridding north-eastern Bosnia of Serbs and partisans: many local Muslims, observing the violence, were driven to go over to the communist partisans. Once redeployed outside Bosnia, and as the fortunes of war turned, mass defections and desertions took place, and 6086:, p. 272: "terrorism was employed by both sides during the Arab Revolt. Palestinian guerrilla warfare included violence against British officials, Jewish civilians, and members of the Opposition, some of whom were collaborators. The British and Zionist forces, in an attempt to suppress the rebellion, indiscriminately shot and bombed civilians, used suspects as human minesweepers, executed Palestinians for minor offenses, and operated with the Opposition to assassinate rebels. Political assassination, however, was used far more frequently by the supporters of the Mufti against pro-British and Opposition members." 8684:, pp. 21–22, "He was deeply anti-Semitic. He later explained the Holocaust as owing to the Jew's sabotage of the German war effort in World War I and the millennia of Gentile anti-Semitism as due to the Jews' 'chararacter': (quoting al-Husseini) 'One of the most prominent facets of the Jewish character is their exaggerated conceit and selfishness, rooted in their belief that they are the chosen people of God. There is no limit to their covetousness and they prevent others from enjoying the Good. … They have no pity and are known for their hatred, rivalry and hardness, as Allah described them in the Qur'an.' " 3228:, his main enemies being Jewish settlers in Palestine and the English. During a visit in July 1943 the Mufti said: "The active cooperation of the world's 400 million Muslims with their loyal friends, the German, can be of decisive influence upon the outcome of the war. You, my Bosnian Muslims, are the first Islamic division serve as an example of the active collaboration....My enemy's enemy is my friend." Himmler in addressing the unit on another occasion declared "Germany the Reich have been friends of Islam for the past two centuries, owing not to expediency but to friendly conviction. We have the same goals." 6367:, pp. 212–213:"It should be quite clear that this relation (arose) not, as a number of authors have nonetheless argued, because of a presumed affinity of their ideology with that of the Nazis or Fascists, no such thing existed, but by virtue of the wholly political logic (of events) that saw in the enemies (in deed or potentially) of their own enemies their own friends, particularly if the latter have already provided evidence – and this was, precisely, the case with Germany, and all the more so, with Italy – of being interested, in terms of the same political logic, in giving support to their cause".(" 3291: 7184:, p. 69: "During his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, Eichmann denied having known the Mufti well, affirming he had met him only once during an official reception. The evidence for the friendship came from Dieter Wisliceny, one of Eichmann's aides, who months before the Nuremberg trials had begun to prepare an alibi for himself at the expense of Eichmann. Wisliceny went much further and accused the Mufti of being an 'initiator' of the extermination policy. Other evidence of the Mufti's alleged role came from Rudolf Kastner (a Jewish leader in Hungary), who reported that Wisliceny had told him that ' 7002:, pp. 307–308 "Germany has no ambitions in this area but cares only to annihilate the power which produces the Jews". And earlier: "It is clear that the Jews have accomplished nothing in Palestine and their claims are lies. Everything that has been achieved in Palestine is due to the Arabs and not the Jews. I (Hitler) have decided to find a solution to the Jewish problem, approaching it step by step without holding back. In this regard, I am about to make a just and indispensable appeal, firstly to all the European countries and, later, to countries outside of Europe". Also in 3298:, who loathed Husseini as a Nazi collaborator, and who were aware that states were competing to employ Nazis and Nazi collaborators, gathered war-crimes documentation on al-Husseini's role in the Holocaust. This was done in order to prevent his reinstatement to a leadership position in Palestine, in an attempt to have him arrested and prosecuted, and in the context of an intensive public relations exercise to establish a Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. The reputation of Haj Amin al-Husseini among Jews in the immediate postwar period is indicated by the observation by 1709:, still governed by Ottoman law, was bitterly protested before the British authorities by the Muslim authorities. If Muslims could cite an Ottoman regulation of 1912 specifically forbidding objects like seating to be introduced, the Jews could cite testimonies to the fact that before 1914 certain exceptions had been made to improve their access and use of the Wall. The decade witnessed several such episodes of strong friction, and the simmering tensions came to a head in late 1928, only to erupt, after a brief respite, into an explosion of violence a year later. 2011: 1942: 3666: 2051: 2513:, and among American Jews, whose opinion was important were Britain to gain American support in the war. That summer, Britain dropped all attempts to deal with al-Husseini, and he threw in his lot with Germany. al-Husseini's dissatisfaction with Nuri's pro-British politics, in the meantime, was exacerbated by the latter's refusal to intervene with the British on behalf of the families, all of whom he knew, of 39 Palestinians who had been sentenced to death in secret trials for, in Husseini's view, the crime of defending their country. 1990:, concluded that the incident on 23 August consisted of an attack by Arabs on Jews, but rejected the view that the riots had been premeditated. Al-Husseini certainly played an energetic role in Muslim demonstrations from 1928 onwards, but could not be held responsible for the August riots, even if he had "a share in the responsibility for the disturbances". He had nonetheless collaborated from the 23rd of that month in pacifying rioters and reestablishing order. The worst outbreaks occurred in areas, Hebron, Safed, 7228:"It is doubtful whether Eichmann made contact with al-Husseini even in 1942, when the latter resided in Berlin. If this fallen idol makes an occasional appearance in Eichmann's office correspondence it is because Eichmann's superiors at the Foreign Office found the Mufti a very useful sacred cow, always to be invoked when the reception of Jewish refugees in Palestine was under discussion. Dieter Wisliceny even believed that Eichmann regarded al-Husseini as a colleague in a much expanded post-war Final Solution." 7797:, p. 31:"The hearts of all Muslims must today go out to our Islamic brothers in Bosnia, who are forced to endure a tragic fate. They are being persecuted by the Serbian and communist bandits, who receive support from England and the Soviet Union.... They are being murdered, their possessions are robbed, and their villages are burned. England and its allies bear a great accountability before history for mishandling and murdering Europe's Muslims, just as they have done in the Arabic lands and in India." 3046: 2441:(August 1937), to whom he professed his belief that America was remote from imperialist ambitions and therefore able to understand that Zionism "represented a hostile and imperialist aggression directed against an inhabited country". In a meeting with Wadsworth on 31 August, he expressed his fears that Jewish influence in the United States might persuade the country to side with Zionists. In the same period he courted the French government by expressing a willingness to assist them in the region. 1729: 6178:, p. 274: "Between November 1939 and June 1940 thirty-nine Palestinians were condemned to death in secret British trials. The Mufti knew most of the condemned rebels or their families personally. Their families desperately appealed to him to intervene, but all he could do was turn to fellow Muslims and Arabs to intercede with the British. In one such appeal, he wrote an Indian friend that the British were annihilating the 'best element,' whose only crime was 'to defend their country'." 5151:, p. 11:"He demanded that the title Grand Mufti, which had been granted to his brother by the British for cooperating with them, also be given to him, and that his salary be higher than that of the other muftis. Richmond and Storrs supported this claim, arguing that since, from the spiritual and religious points of view, the status of Jerusalem was superior to that of other regions in Palestine, the Mufti of Jerusalem should be considered head of the country's Muslim community. ". 2231: 3970: 2363:. Hitler himself often spoke of the "infamy of Versailles". Unlike France and Great Britain it had not exercised imperial designs on the Middle East, and its past policy of non-intervention was interpreted as a token of good will. While the scholarly consensus is that Husseini's motives for supporting the Axis powers and his alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy were deeply inflected by anti-Jewish and anti-Zionist ideology from the outset, some scholars, notably 14250: 4149: 2280:, disguised as a Bedouin, where he reconstituted the committee under his leadership. Though terrorism was used by both sides, Al-Husseini's tactics, his abuse of power to punish other clans, and the killing of political adversaries he considered "traitors", alienated many Palestinian Arabs. One local leader, Abu Shair, told Da'ud al-Husayni, an emissary from Damascus who bore a list of people to be assassinated during the uprising "I don't work for 820: 44: 5215:, pp. 31–32:"It was not scholarly religious credentials that made Hajj Amin an attractive candidate for president of the SMC in the eyes of colonial officials. Rather, it was the combination of his being an effective nationalist activist and a member of one of Jerusalem's most respected notable families that made it advantageous to align his interests with those of the British administration and thereby keep him on a short tether." 8863:: "His extraordinary exaggeration of Husseini's complicity, and by implication that of the entire Palestinian people, is a blatant attempt to stigmatize and delegitimize any sympathy or concern for Palestinian rights and statehood. Netanyahu's shameful and indecent speech is a disservice to anyone – Jew and non-Jew – for whom research, teaching, and preservation of the historical truth of the Holocaust has value, meaning, and purpose." 13190: 2817: 2355: 1518:, to withdraw. This automatically promoted Amin al-Husseini to third position, which, under Ottoman law, allowed him to qualify, and Samuel then chose him as Mufti. His initial appointment was as Mufti, but when the Supreme Muslim Council was created in the following year, Husseini demanded and received the title Grand Mufti that had earlier been created, perhaps on the lines of Egyptian usage, by the British for his half-brother 1823: 4135: 3889: 2797:, of which he served as honorary chair. In the speech, he harshly criticised those he considered as aggressors against Muslims, namely "Jews, Bolsheviks and Anglo-Saxons." At the time of the opening of the Islamic Central Institute, there were an estimated 3,000 Muslims in Germany, including 400 German converts. The Islamic Central Institute gave the Muslims in Germany institutional ties to the "Third Reich". 13178: 581: 1701:, led to increased conflict between the two communities, each seeing the site only from their own traditional perspective and interests. Zionist narratives pinpointed al-Husseini's works on, and publicity about, the site and threats to it, as attempts to restore his own family's waning prestige. Arab narratives read the heightened agitation of certain Jewish groups over the Wall as an attempt to revive 1866:, a statement which encouraged in turn Arab suspicions that local agreements were again being overthrown by Jewish intrigues abroad. News that the Zurich Congress, in creating the Jewish Agency on 11 August, had brought unity among Zionists and the world Jewish community, a measure that would greatly increase Jewish investment in British Palestine, set off alarm bells. On 15 August, 7172:, Israel's preeminent Holocaust scholar, is a prominent case in point. 'After the war, they caught him (Wisliceny) and tried him at Nuremberg, where he tried to eschew all responsibility, saying: 'It wasn't Hitler, it wasn't me, it was the mufti', ... It's clear that his account is untrue: the Germans had started annihilating the Jews half a year before Hitler and the mufti met'." 7881:, p. 497:"the objective was not to synthesize National Socialism and Islam, nor to convert the Bosnian Muslims (who, it said, though racially Germanic, were ideologically part of the Arab world) to National Socialism ... though distinct the two ideologies would act together against their common enemies—Jews, Anglo-Americans, Communists, Freemasons, and the Catholic Church." 5391:, pp. 77f. writes that Rabbi Kook had preached as early as 1920: "The Temple Mount is Israel's holy place, and even should it be under the hand of others for long days and periods of time, it will finally come into our hands..., which could merely mean however that, in rabbinical thought, with the coming of the Messiah, the Temple would automatically revert to the Jews." 8103:, pp. 156–157 regarding Ben-Gurion's relationship with al-Husseini writes of "(his) old tactic of projecting an image of reasonableness and placing the onus for the deadlock on the shoulders of his Arab opponents. This was the tactic that had served him so well in relation to the grand Mufti, Hajj Amin al-Husseini, and other Arab leaders in the pre-Independence period". 3465: 2367:, deny that the relationship can be taken to reflect a putative affinity of Arab nationalism with Nazi/Fascist ideology, and that men like Husseini chose them as allies for purely strategic reasons, on the grounds that, as Husseini later wrote in his memoirs, "the enemy of your enemy is your friend". British policy was to ease Husseini "into oblivion" by ignoring him, 4163: 3097:". Only about 6,300 Arab soldiers ended up being trained by German military organisations, no more than 1,300 from Palestine, Syria and Iraq combined. In contrast, Britain managed to recruit 9,000 from Palestine alone and a quarter of a million North African troops served in the French Army of Liberation where they made up the majority of its dead and wounded. 4678:, p. 20: "The leadership of al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Arab Higher Committee, which had dominated Palestinian Arab political scene since the 1920s, was devastated by the disaster of 1948 and discredited by its failure to prevent it. The socio-economic base underlying the political power of traditional Palestinian Arab notables was severely disrupted." 5037:) after the failure, with the French overthrow of Faisal, of the pan-Arab project for a Greater Syria, embracing also Lebanon and Palestine. The Haifa conference, 13–20 December 1920, "marks the basic date in the history of the Palestinian question: it is the historical moment where the Palestinian version of nationalism prevails over the pan-Arab version." 2203:, responded by engaging in negotiations with al-Husseini and the Committee. The talks, however, soon proved fruitless. Al-Husseini issued a series of warnings, threatening the "revenge of God Almighty" unless the Jewish immigration were to stop, and the general strike began, paralyzing the government, public transportation, Arab businesses and agriculture. 5935:, pp. 292, 297f. One such discovery, in the port of Haifa, in October 1935, of a shipment of arms from Germany, with the apparent authorization of the Nazi Ministry for Internal Affairs, and destined for the Haganah, led to great agitation and played into the hands of those Arabs who pressed for more radical activities. translation needed. 3568: 3385: 3027: 8577:, pp. 214–215:"Zionist and Israeli leaders, however, have exploited the Mufti's activities to denigrate the Palestinian resistance against Israeli occupation as in fact Nazi inspired from the beginning and thus as fundamentally anti-Semitic. The latest example for these efforts is Israeli Foreign Minister 4463:, who argued that the destruction of European Jewry was committed by European powers and that it was Europe that should make a place for the survivors or grant them a state on its territory, not the Palestinians. For all of these reasons, they prioritized their war-crimes documentation efforts on the hunt for 3448:, and other Arab politicians in the company of Nazis and their Italian and Japanese allies. It claimed to demonstrate that German Nazis and Palestinian politicians (some of whom were requesting recognition at the UN in 1947 as representatives of the Palestinian Arab population) had made common cause during 5061:, p. 25:"Through his position Haj Amin, with the blessing of the British, was able to play a pivotal role in the course of Palestinian nationalist politics. He sought eventually to combine his religious role with his political position in the burgeoning area of Palestinian nationalist agitation." 3888: 1822: 4064: 3636: 3290: 3245: 3215: 2988: 2783: 2741: 2587: 2508: 2467: 2238: 1961: 1529: 3567: 3517: 3464: 3026: 3009: 2910: 2724: 2403:, Heinrich Wolff, an open supporter of Zionism, sent a telegram to Berlin reporting al-Husseini's belief that Palestinian Muslims were enthusiastic about the new regime and looked forward to the spread of fascism throughout the region. Wolff met al-Husseini and many sheikhs again, a month later, at 2082: 2010: 453: 12248: 6370: 3701: 3572: 3356: 3278: 2875: 2483: 2358: 2335: 4984: 4458: 4005: 3896: 3868: 2690: 2378: 2251: 1827: 1696: 3045: 2983: 2816: 8751: 6391: 4432: 3969: 2965: 2354: 2041: 1941: 1861: 3855: 3822: 3473: 3210: 2319: 8450: 3851: 3746: 3577: 2495: 2102: 3931: 3115: 2974: 794: 9013: 1495:, in March 1921. Elections were then held, and of the four candidates running for the office of Mufti, al-Husseini received the fewest votes, the first three being Nashashibi candidates. Nevertheless, Samuel was anxious to keep a balance between the al-Husseinis and their rival clan the 5139:), a title which had hitherto been unknown in Palestine but which was probably copied from Egypt. This gesture was, in part, meant as a reward for Kāmil's cooperation with the British, but it may have been intended to substitute some kind of a new hierarchy for the former Ottoman one". 3452: 2979:, none of the documents presented at Eichmann's trial prove that it was al-Husseini's interference, in these "acts of total evil," that prevented the children's rescue. In June 1943 al-Husseini recommended to the Hungarian minister that it would be better to send Jews in Hungary to 3123: 2206: 7773:, p. 313:"Overall, it is fairest to say that the Yugoslavian insurgency was a racial – national – ideological – religious struggle that was unique in its barbarity and excesses were perpetrated by all of the warring sides against both combatants and the civilian population." 2417: 4863:, pp. 152–153:Both local Palestinian Arabs and Jews played almost no role in the conquest of Palestine: the former enlisted after the Arab revolt and were active east of the Jordan, the latter were recruited after the conquest of Jerusalem and saw little military action. 2548:, released from his imprisonment in Palestine. They asked him if he would undertake to kill or kidnap al-Husseini and destroy Iraq's oil refineries. Raziel agreed on condition he be allowed to kidnap al-Husseini. Raziel and other Irgun militants were flown to the RAF base at 8446:, murder, and act of sabotage. The Jordanian authorities, always apprehensive of the Palestinians, suspected that the ex-Mufti – and various Arab regimes – were sponsoring terrorism from Jordan against Israel in order to foment trouble between the two and to destabilize the 1383: 2939: 5756:, p. 46; gives 133 Jewish killed, and 339 wounded, 116 Arabs known to be killed, and 232 known to be wounded, the latter almost entirely due to police actions. The Arab wounded are those registered by the Mandatory authorities. Many preferred to hide their injuries. 1809: 4625:, p. 192:"the leading Palestinian political group that developed during the mandate was very largely dominated by Islamic discourse and led by the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini. However, it long found its basic support in Muslim-Christian Associations." 3901: 2163: 2652:"recognize in principle the unity, independence, and sovereignty, of an Arab state, including Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan", he offered support in the war against Britain and stated his willingness to discuss the issues of "the Holy Places, Lebanon, the 1289:, established in March 1920. In addition to his support to pan-Arabist policies of King Faisal I, al-Husseini tried to destabilize the British rule in Palestine, which was declared to be part of the Arab Kingdom, even though no authority was exercised in reality. 1832: 1780:, that this virtually changed the lane into a synagogue, and violated the status quo, as had the collapsible seats in 1926. British constables, encountering a refusal, used force to remove the screen, and a jostling clash ensued between worshippers and police. 4121: 3958:(M)erely to discuss his life is to be caught up in the Arab–Israeli propaganda war. To make an impartial assessment of the man's career—or, for that matter, an unbiased history of the Arab–Israeli dispute—is like trying to ride two bicycles at the same time. 3329:'s request he would be handed over to the British. In September, the French decided to organize his transfer to an Arab country. Egypt, Saudi Arabia or Yemen were considered and diplomatic contacts were made with their authorities and with the Arab League. 6386:واعتبرت المانيا بلدآ صديقآ لأنها لم تكن دولة مستعمرة ولم يسبق لها أن تعرضت بسوء لأية دولة عربية أو اسلامية, ولأنها كانت تقاتل أعداءنا من مستعمرين و صهيونيين, ولان عدو عدوك صديقك, و كنت موقنآ, أن انتصار المانيا سينقذ بلادنا حتمآ من خطر الصهيونية و الاستعمار 3650: 1617: 2883:... told him in summer 1943 that the Germans had "already exterminated more than three million" Jews: "I was astonished by this figure, as I had known nothing about the matter until then." ... Thus. in 1943, Husseini knew about the genocide... . 1756:. A month later, an article appeared in the Jewish press proposing the purchase and destruction of houses in the Moroccan quarter bordering on the wall to improve pilgrim access and thereby further the "Redemption of Israel." Soon after, on 23 September, 2509: 2891: 2807: 795: 3231: 3240: 8538:, p. 228:"the Zionist biographers, especially Maurice Pearlman and Joseph B. Schechtman, rely on the Western press; they lack even an elementary familiarity with al-Husayni, Islam, the Arabic language, or Palestinian society and its politics." 3518: 1752:. On the 26th, the completion of the first stage of restoration work on the Haram's mosques was celebrated with great pomp, in the presence of representatives from the Muslim countries which had financed the project, the Mandatory authorities, and 3444:), al-Husseini's diary account of meeting Hitler, several letters to German officials in several countries where he requested that Jews never be permitted to emigrate from Europe to a Jewish Home in Palestine, and many photographs of al-Husseini, 3332: 4275: 1579:, bickering between these two families seriously undermined any Palestinian Arab unity. In 1936, however, they achieved a measure of concerted policy when all the Palestinian Arab groups joined to create a permanent executive organ known as the 4013: 3148: 7785:, pp. 97–98: "a scorched-earth practice commenced ... During the operation, we carried out the complete annihilation of the Moslem inhabitants, without regard to their sex and age ... The whole population has been annihilated." 2022:. Consular documentation discarded the plot thesis rapidly, and identified the deeper cause as political, not religious, namely in what the Palin report had earlier identified as profound Arab discontent over Zionism. Arab memoirs on the 2960: 4441:), war-crimes documentation, and in some cases arms smuggling. They loathed Husayni as a Nazi collaborator and viewed his possible return to leadership in Palestine as a threat. They lamented the allied preoccupation with the emerging 4044: 2413: 2223:. As Wauchope warned of an impending military campaign and simultaneously offered to dispatch a Royal Commission of Inquiry to hear the Arab complaints, the Arab Higher Committee called off the strike on 11 October. When the promised 2780:, who until recently had been the German ambassador to Iraq. His version of the crucial words reads "when the hour of Arab liberation comes, Germany has no interest there other than the destruction of the power protecting the Jews". 2336: 3925:, "represented the Palestinian Arab national consensus, had the backing of the Palestinian political parties that functioned in Palestine, and was recognized in some form by Arab governments as the voice of the Palestinian people". 2479:'s agreement, to Iraq, and he was to play an influential role there in the following two years. Nuri as-Said hoped to negotiate concessions on Palestine with the British in exchange for a declaration of support for Great Britain. A 8620:(the Jews as responsible for the two world wars). On the other hand, a racist vision of world history is totally absent from his general worldview. … Taken together, his writings after 1945 do not show him as having an attitude of 8091:, p. 691:"In all the sessions of the American Jewish Conference and its interim committees, no proposal was put forward for the trial of any specific individual or category of individuals, save one: the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem." 1511:. They then moved to secure for the Husseini clan a compensatory function of prestige by appointing one of them to the position of mufti, and, with the support of Raghib al-Nashashibi, prevailing upon the Nashashibi front-runner, 3153: 1485: 3274: 5251:, p. 38 This excludes funds for land purchases. The "Jewish Agency", mentioned in article 4 of the Mandate only became the official term in 1928. At the time the organisation was called the Palestine Zionist Executive. 3838: 3641: 2824: 8752: 2316:. By June 1939, after the disintegration of the revolt, Husseini's policy of killing only proven turncoats changed to one of liquidating all suspects, even members of his own family, according to one intelligence report. 4049:(the defeat of 1948 and the departure of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who had been driven out of their lands) in the sense that he bears a share of responsibility for what has happened to the Palestinian people. 3996: 4234:, writing on the uncertainty of al-Husseini's birthdate, notes that he wrote both 1895 and 1896 on official documents between 1921 and 1934, which Mattar suggests was due to both years corresponding to 1313 A.H. in the 8601: 2927:, stated that al-Husseini had actively encouraged the extermination of European Jews, and that al-Husseini had a meeting with Eichmann at his office, during which Eichmann gave him a view of the current state of the " 3379: 2632:, or SIM). Al-Husseini was not welcome in Turkey, nor given permission nor visa to enter; however, he traveled through Turkey with the help of Italian and Japanese diplomats to get to Bulgaria and eventually Italy. 770:. In November 1916 he obtained a three-month disability leave from the army and returned to Jerusalem. He was recovering from an illness there when the city was captured by the British a year later. The British and 1987: 774:, for which some 500 Palestinian Arabs were estimated to have volunteered, completed their conquest of Ottoman-controlled Palestine and Syria in 1918. As a Sherifian officer, al-Husseini recruited men to serve in 8581:'s circulating a photograph of a meeting between the Mufti and Adolf Hitler in Berlin in 1941 in order to provide a convincing argument why Israel had the right to expand building activities in East Jerusalem." 1926:(wall petitions), without harming however three Jews present. Contacted by Luke, al-Husseini undertook to do his best to maintain calm on the Haram, but could not stop demonstrators from gathering at the Wall. 1490: 3719:, while entering the Haram ash-Sharif to pray. There is no evidence al-Husseini was involved, though Musa al-Husayni was among the six indicted and executed after a disputed verdict. Abdullah was succeeded by 1893: 906: 1466:("Brotherhood and Purity"), played an important role in clandestine anti-British and anti-Zionist activities, and, via members in the gendarmerie, had engaged in riotous activities as early as April 1920. 2396: 4445: 3116: 2679: 2864: 1439:, which set down a Palestinian framework and passed over in silence the earlier idea of a south confederated with Syria. This framework set the tone of Palestinian nationalism for the ensuing decades. 3010: 3637: 3509: 2042: 1626: 1356:, Colonel Bertie Harry Waters-Taylor, to demonstrate to the world that Arabs would not tolerate a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The assertion was never proven, and Meinertzhagen was dismissed. 2536:, concerned at the impact an attempt on his life might have in Iraq where his resistance to the British was widely admired. After the coup of April 1941, British called on assistance from the 4246: 4186: 3282: 1359: 2899: 7192: 3337:. It took more than 12 days for the French foreign minister to realize he had fled, and the British were not able to arrest him in Egypt, after that country granted him political asylum. 2699: 2375:, Husseini was reluctant to lend his voice in support of Britain "because it had destroyed Palestinian villages, executed and imprisoned Palestinian fighters, and exiled their leaders". 4018:, unfounded on any evidence, at the time of the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Various sources have repeatedly alleged that he visited other concentration camps, and also the death camps of 3211: 2579: 2437:. Promised arms shipments never eventuated. This was not the only diplomatic front on which al-Husseini was active. A month after his visit to Döhle, he wrote to the American Consul 3375: 3174: 2264:. Al-Husseini was not among the indicted but, fearing imprisonment, on 13–14 October, after sliding under cover of darkness down a rope from the Haram's wall, he himself fled, in a 3814:, almost all trace of his memory thereafter vanished from Palestinian awareness, and Palestinians have raised no monument to his memory, or written books commemorating his deeds. 3790: 3167: 3101: 11603: 1929: 6371: 6202:, p. 15:"Both Italy and Britain came to the realization in the late 1930s as the clouds of war began to descend on Europe that support for the Arabs would prove fruitful." 2591: 11903: 3089:. The Mufti was paid "an absolute fortune" of 50,000 marks a month (when a German field marshal was making 25,000 marks a year), the equivalent today of $ 12,000,000 a year. 2429: 723: 14384: 3344:, thanking France for its hospitality and suggesting that France continue this policy to increase its prestige in the eyes of all Muslims. In September, a delegation of the 6316:. The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA's original operative. 1989. Page 181. "Most of them (the Nazis) were anti-Arab, although they had the wit to conceal that fact." 2829: 2109: 13300: 6986: 3727:, who had been present at the murder, eventually lifted the ban in 1967, receiving al-Husseini as an honoured guest in his Jerusalem royal residence after uprooting the 3601:. Hilmi's cabinet consisted largely of relatives and followers of Amin al-Husseini, but also included representatives of other factions of the Palestinian ruling class. 3180: 2038: 2030:(troubles) follow a contemporary proclamation for the Defence of the Wall on 31 August, which justified the riots as legitimate, but nowhere mention a coordinated plan. 9078: 3734: 2746: 2668:, who met al-Husseini on 27 October. According to al-Husseini's account, it was an amicable meeting in which Mussolini expressed his hostility to the Jews and Zionism. 12467: 12152: 11912: 3609: 2492:, though he was not yet an openly pro-Axis supporter, and al-Husseini's personal secretary Kemal Hadad acted as a liaison between the Axis powers and these officers. 13256: 1998: 2176:. After the start of the revolt, most of that money was used to finance the activities of his representatives throughout the country. To Italy's Consul-General in 1950:, considered this beyond his brief—which was limited to an appeal for calm—and the Arabs in turn refused. They agreed to pursue their dialogue the following week. 994: 13288: 4271:. And, certainly, opponents of Palestinian nationalism have made good use of those activities to associate the Palestinian national movement with European-style 11365: 5959:, pp. 210–211 mentions £138,000 from 10 September 1936 to 15 June 1938. Earlier, in January 1936 Italy had given al-Husseini £12,000 of a promised £25,000. 3348: 1974:. In all, in the killings and subsequent revenge attacks, 136 Arabs and 135 Jews died, while 340 of the latter were wounded, as well as an estimated 240 Arabs. 5628:, p. 79:"This was done to ensure a new major influx of non-Zionist American wealth into the country to support the development of a Jewish national home". 1946: 613:. The al-Husseini clan consisted of wealthy landowners in southern Palestine, centered around the district of Jerusalem. Thirteen members of the clan had been 564:. Historians also note that Husseini was not the only non-European nationalist leader to have cooperated with Nazi Germany against Britain, citing examples of 4065: 3892: 2725: 1450:. The frustration of pan-Arab aspirations lent an Islamic colour to the struggle for independence, and increasing resort to the idea of restoring the land to 9091: 3535:. This partially accounts for the absence of an organized Arab force and for the insufficient amount of arms, which plagued the Arab defenders of Jerusalem. 3531:, a supporter of al-Husseini, said he refused to issue arms to anyone except his loyal supporters, and only recruited loyal supporters for the forces of the 13306: 1634:. Under Richmond's supervision, the Turkish architect drew up a plan, and the execution of the works gave a notable stimulus to the revival of traditional 2180:, Mariano de Angelis, he explained in July that his decision to get directly involved in the conflict arose from the trust he reposed in Italian dictator 14329: 13282: 1431: 943: 14339: 14009: 6630:, pp. 273–274: "pointed out: 'No element in all Iraqi-British relations 1941 was more powerful in poisoning them than Palestine Question', citing 989: 3869: 3864:, while rehabilitating him from other charges, concludes his chapter concerning al-Husseini's involvement in the extermination of the Jews as follows 1922:. Muslim worshippers, after prayers on the esplanade of the Haram, passed through the narrow lane by the Wailing Wall and ripped up prayer books, and 13200: 4196: 4191: 3988: 2345: 478: 13204: 12450: 4912: 1478: 438: 11889: 4296:, the leader of a Lebanese Christian group called the Phalange, who believed that Nazi Germany represented the wave of the future… Members of the 3424: 3005: 9182: 4460: 2106: 1399: 9120: 4349: 3521: 2784: 2749: 1783: 979: 14304: 14039: 13486: 13249: 9461: 9042: 7917:) – That Islam (for Muslims) and national socialism (for Germans) would serve as educational tools to create order, discipline, and loyalty." 6102: 3418: 3402: 2555: 2083: 969: 3965: 3628: 2993: 13140:. (Lattakia: Dar al-Manara). Abu Shaqra also published a second edition in 1989 in Damascus with further details covering events post-1936. 9348: 3848: 1278:(Southern Syria). The paper was published in Jerusalem beginning in September 1919 by the lawyer Muhammad Hassan al-Budayri, and edited by 560: 3747: 14309: 2876: 2371:, mediating, endeavoured to get him to side with the Allies against the Germans. The overture was considered then rebuffed: according to 1534: 7893:, p. 67:"Husseini and the Germans opted against forming any synopsis between Islam and national socialism. ... The Idea of Family ( 5335:, pp. 42–72 for a detailed account of Richmond's role. Richmond authored an important volume on the Haram (Ernest Tatham Richmond, 13994: 13422: 11671: 10827: 8624:, whilst Arab politicians of the first rank, in the period of Eichmann's trial, had begun to adopt (precisely) this kind of discourse." 8381: 8154:, p. 236"...Musa al-Alami surmised that the Mufti would agree to partition if he were promised that he would rule the Arab state". 8712:", … the " one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry (…) has no (…) historical substantiation". (p.175). 3066: 2645: 1705:'s interest in Zionism after some years of relative decline, depression and emigration. Each attempt to make minor alterations to the 692: 13989: 8593:, pp. 467, 469–470; "In terms of his initial formation, Haj Amin was far from being an antisemite. He had learned French at the 3136: 3018: 2928: 827: 2312: 548: 14289: 14119: 14049: 14014: 13242: 11615: 8442:, pp. 57ff., 232: "Both before and after 1948, the Yishuv was convinced that the ex-Mufti's hand was behind every anti-Jewish 2468: 13979: 11722: 11716: 10078: 3954:, discussing the difficulties of describing al-Husseini's life and its motivations, summarized the problem in the following way: 3713: 1802: 855: 3620: 565: 14349: 13491: 11667: 9370: 5163:, p. 22: "After their occupation of the country, the British created the entirely new post of 'grand mufti of Palestine' ( 4366:"The grand mufti, Alami has claimed, expressed interest in the Idea of Jewish Palestine as part of a larger Arab federation." ( 3843:. More recent biographers such as Philip Mattar and Elpeleg, writing in the late 1980s and early 1990s, began to emphasize his 2752:). In short, Jews were not simply to be driven out of the German sphere but would be hunted down and destroyed even beyond it. 2152: 2146: 1740: 1231: 458: 13194: 1451: 14374: 13109: 13085: 13053: 13032: 13011: 12984: 12961: 12940: 12916: 12895: 12872: 12851: 12832: 12804: 12768: 12737: 12678: 12657: 12636: 12610: 12586: 12525: 12476: 12436: 12383: 12362: 12324: 12303: 12275: 12216: 12192: 12141: 12095: 12074: 12049: 12026: 12002: 11981: 11875: 11829: 11808: 11784: 11763: 11739: 11701: 11573: 11549: 11525: 11501: 11480: 11459: 11436: 11409: 11333: 11312: 11238: 11214: 11190: 11162: 11137: 11112: 11084: 11056: 11028: 11003: 10978: 10953: 10925: 10897: 10867: 10813: 10789: 10761: 10736: 10706: 10685: 10661: 10640: 10621: 10600: 10576: 10552: 10529: 10508: 10478: 10452: 10431: 10410: 10359: 10338: 10313: 10288: 10261: 10238: 10215: 10194: 10175: 10120: 10099: 10058: 10034: 9975: 9948: 9927: 9906: 9885: 9864: 9843: 9800: 9766: 9742: 9714: 9684: 9652: 9628: 9607: 9583: 9562: 9541: 9520: 9496: 9417: 9398: 9356: 9325: 9306: 9278: 9229: 9205: 9168: 9140: 9067: 9006: 8987: 8963: 3436:. This booklet included copies of communications between Haj Amin al-Husseini and high ranking Nazis (e.g. Heinrich Himmler, 2234: 534: 530: 13617: 3417: 14344: 13657: 13229: 5797: 3884: 3456: 3303: 2532: 1349: 4985: 1787:. Worldwide Jewish protests remonstrated with Britain for the violence exercised at the Wall. The Jewish National Council 1542: 14294: 14029: 13974: 12701: 11619: 8377: 5712:, p. 171 asserts that "The matter was sufficiently important.. for this not to be (read as) an attempt to secure an 4354: 2003: 1474: 2708: 2433: 14369: 14314: 14274: 13969: 13212: 3759: 3058: 2137:. Rumours, and occasional discovery of caches and shipments of arms, strengthened military preparations on both sides. 1571:, were more disposed to a compromise with the Jews, and indeed had for some years received annual subventions from the 9079:"'We are the gatekeepers of historical truth. We'll fight for it even when it is inconsistent with Israel's interest'" 8451: 3485:. He was involved in some high level negotiations between Arab leaders—before and during the War—at a meeting held in 3033: 1673: 14111: 14034: 13182: 12578: 12502: 12289: 12237: 11375: 2541: 2007: 1828: 1368: 930: 538: 9810: 8594: 3246: 656: 14359: 13899: 13891: 13555: 10753: 4238:. Mattar found no documentary evidence for Husseini's claim, written later in life, that he was born in 1897. (See 2813: 1773: 1764: 1273: 1270:) for influence over public opinion, and he soon became its president. At the same time, he wrote articles for the 533:, but this government won limited recognition and was eventually dissolved by Egypt in 1959. After the war and the 489: 4975:, pp. 23ff. for a reading which follows closely Meinertzhagen's reading of the events as a British army plot. 3413: 3267: 3188:, Serb and Muslim communities suffered huge losses of life, Bosnian Muslims losing around 85,000 from a genocidal 14319: 13265: 9436: 4254:, p. 425), had used Mattar's dating of 1895, but revised this to 1897 as more probable in his second volume. 2571: 2458: 2015: 1824: 1442: 1334: 1021: 17: 13637: 8955: 8380:), answer to a question on notice, House of Commons debates, 1 December 1943; Hansard, vol 395 paragraphs 347–8 3823: 3306: 3206:, or to create local defense units. Following a tradition of service in the old Bosnian regiments of the former 2787: 14379: 14059: 13821: 13415: 12787:"Frenchman, Jews, or Arabs? Jews of the Arab World between European Colonialism, Zionism, and Arab Nationalism" 4181: 3574: 3406: 3034: 2804: 2660:". The Italian foreign ministry approved al-Husseini's proposal, recommended giving him a grant of one million 2623: 2552: 1367:, great pressure was brought to bear on the military administration from Zionist leaders and officials such as 1305: 1009: 935: 884: 756: 696: 402: 12689: 5616:, p. 632. n.3: "Fixed hours of Jewish worship" was given, instead of "customary hours of Jewish worship". 4300: 2756: 14364: 11944: 11885: 5311:, pp. 131–132 for a detailed list of the several sites on the Haram that underwent extensive renovation. 4091: 4031: 3972: 3605: 3551: 2604: 2475: 1316:, organiser of Jewish paramilitary defences, received a 15-year sentence. Al-Husseini, then a teacher at the 490: 13627: 13607: 13587: 4034:, but according to Höpp there is little conclusive documentary evidence to substantiate these other visits. 4001:. Netanyahu's remarks were broadly criticized, and dismissed by Holocaust scholars from Israel and Germany. 2911: 2391:, there is no reliable evidence to support such a claim. In 1933, within weeks of Hitler's rise to power in 14004: 13964: 13954: 13503: 5323:, p. 61 The name is occasionally given as Kamal Bey, or Kamal al-Din in primary and secondary sources. 3196: 3150: 3140: 3081: 1999: 1100: 1016: 1001: 13520: 12796: 11517: 2846: 2560: 2450: 1685: 14334: 14324: 14129: 13959: 13949: 13225: 11401: 11325: 10301: 9253:(3): 783–815 – via GWonline: Bibliography, Filmography and Webography on Gender and War since 1600. 9245: 9178: 2989: 2500: 2438: 2184:'s backing and promises. Upon al-Husseini's initiative, the leaders of Palestinian Arab clans formed the 850: 614: 11899: 3976: 2350: 2215: 537:, his claims to leadership were discredited and he was eventually sidelined by the establishment of the 14354: 14299: 14100: 14093: 14024: 13703: 13465: 13216: 12227: 11591: 11104: 10305: 4277: 3216: 1224: 913: 865: 836: 232: 3477: 1454:. From his election as Mufti until 1923, al-Husseini exercised total control over the secret society, 14253: 14054: 13944: 13841: 13530: 13508: 13408: 13312: 13151: 12792: 11712: 9448: 3898: 3764: 3739: 3482: 3242: 2818: 2761: 2293: 2277: 2094: 974: 9241:"The Mufti's Men: Haj Amin al-Husayni and SS Parachute Expeditions to Palestine and Iraq, 1944–1945" 6392: 2090:, on which he was to serve as president. Versions differ as to whether or not al-Husseini supported 1599:, launched an international campaign in Muslim countries to gather funds to restore and improve the 1591: 13562: 13329: 12756: 11824:. Translated by Lotan, Yaer. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 11076: 9670: 9390: 6631: 6474:, p. 87 Wolff's wife was Jewish, and he was forced to resign in 1936. Hans Döhle replaced him. 4285: 3735: 3610: 3556: 3370: 2843: 2200: 1428: 1245: 918: 705: 526: 442: 158: 3665: 3589: 2227: 1256:. That year al-Husseini founded the pro-British Jerusalem branch of the Syrian-based "Arab Club" ( 14215: 14134: 13919: 12790: 11154: 10935: 10907: 10881: 4268: 4243: 4176: 3799: 3647: 3522: 3498: 3457: 3207: 3141: 3015: 2980: 2309: 2257: 2153: 2114: 1871: 1862: 1666: 1443: 1436: 1360: 1183: 557: 422: 9706: 9092:"In Netanyahu's mufti-Holocaust allegation, echoes of his father's maverick approach to history" 4428: 4288: 2696: 2484: 1345:, who worked in close concert, that al-Husseini had been put up to inciting the riot by British 13642: 13367: 13343: 12574: 11253: 11224: 11200: 11172: 10073: 9962: 3881: 3787: 3682: 3233: 3125: 2954:, that the evidence for an Eichmann- al-Husseini connection was based on rumour and unfounded. 2717: 2608: 2533: 2265: 2212: 2087: 1938: 1858: 1815: 1592: 1546: 1526: 1515: 1193: 1105: 1095: 1075: 763: 713: 561: 502: 201: 193: 12995: 12972: 12930: 12822: 12786: 12668: 12426: 12352: 12085: 11865: 11623: 11204: 11148: 11098: 11042: 10803: 10696: 10651: 10540: 10466: 10299: 10249: 10205: 10087: 9967: 9938: 9875: 9854: 9790: 9674: 9510: 9486: 9429:"A Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold: The Battle for Jerusalem in the Memoirs of Anwar Nusseibeh" 9388: 9270: 5544: 5133:, pp. 19, 78:"Soon after the British began to style Kāmil al-Husaynī as the Grand Muftī ( 2050: 1379:, the Military Governor of Jerusalem, removed him without further inquiry, replacing him with 782:, a task he undertook while employed as a recruiter by the British military administration in 14279: 14200: 13934: 13929: 13806: 13786: 13597: 13567: 13361: 13073: 12951: 12760: 12624: 12568: 12462: 12446: 12422: 12293: 12114: 11992: 11938: 11515: 11491: 11470: 11428: 11395: 11123: 10747: 10590: 10566: 10442: 10324: 10272: 10110: 9896: 9833: 9732: 9728: 9642: 9618: 9573: 9531: 9219: 9057: 9029: 8977: 8953: 8617: 7188:, the Grand Mufti ... played a role in the decision ... to exterminate the European Jews ... 3922: 3893: 3707: 3614: 3345: 2950: 2896: 2615: 2321: 2297: 2240: 2185: 2110: 1580: 1432: 1412: 1342: 1286: 1217: 900: 719: 569: 414: 143: 11953: 11660: 11014: 10835: 10675: 10492: 10400: 10068: 10024: 3573: 2387: 2188: 14284: 14235: 14205: 14165: 14160: 14064: 13939: 13776: 13355: 12259: 9456:. Second Yad Vashem International Historical Conference, April 1974. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem. 9384: 9366: 7899:) – the strong family sense possessed by the German and Muslim peoples. The Idea of Order ( 7461: 7459: 4002: 3748: 3703: 3621: 3544: 2734: 2521: 2360: 2208: 2091: 1963: 1934: 1915: 1753: 1737: 1718: 1508: 1380: 1297: 1293: 1207: 1163: 1115: 984: 923: 875: 599: 585: 522: 518: 430: 12393: 12249: 10252:. In Liebau, Heike; Bromber, Katrin; Lange, Katharina; Hamzah, Dyala; Ahuja, Ravi (eds.). 9339: 2524:, that al-Husseini be assassinated. The idea was broadly discussed only months later. The 2103: 8: 14225: 13582: 13515: 10995: 10970: 9815: 9662: 9096: 9014: 4289: 4069:, to use a term, is an utterly irrelevant consideration that shall not enter our gates." 3686: 3579: 2419: 2400: 2325: 2156: 1875: 1854: 1777: 1670: 1576: 1447: 1313: 1301: 1265: 1168: 1158: 1144: 1125: 671: 359: 10677: 10545: 10092: 7456: 2192: 14230: 14210: 14170: 14086: 14069: 14044: 13851: 13662: 13652: 13632: 13602: 13577: 12713: 12555: 12410: 12157: 12109: 11648: 11611: 11286: 11262: 11048: 10254: 10112: 9699: 9694: 9554: 9114: 4845: 3998: 3993: 3795: 3590: 3389: 3366: 3334: 3287: 3203: 1693: 1682: 1504: 1424: 1339: 1198: 1188: 1080: 1041: 843: 622: 498: 348: 13846: 13149: 12105: 9835: 9371:"Bibi's self-serving, Palestinian-blaming version of Nazi history is just plain wrong" 5581: 4565:, p. 109: "the scion of one the most influential notable families of Jerusalem." 2877: 1328:, was charged with inciting the Arab crowds with an inflammatory speech and sentenced 14190: 13881: 13816: 13731: 13711: 13385: 13162: 13105: 13081: 13049: 13028: 13007: 12980: 12957: 12936: 12912: 12891: 12868: 12847: 12828: 12800: 12764: 12733: 12725: 12705: 12674: 12653: 12632: 12606: 12582: 12521: 12498: 12491: 12472: 12432: 12414: 12379: 12358: 12348: 12334: 12320: 12316: 12299: 12271: 12264: 12233: 12212: 12188: 12137: 12091: 12070: 12045: 12038: 12022: 12012: 11998: 11977: 11895: 11871: 11867: 11825: 11804: 11780: 11759: 11735: 11697: 11569: 11545: 11521: 11497: 11476: 11455: 11432: 11421: 11405: 11329: 11308: 11304: 11234: 11210: 11186: 11158: 11133: 11108: 11080: 11052: 11024: 10999: 10974: 10949: 10921: 10893: 10863: 10852: 10809: 10785: 10757: 10732: 10702: 10681: 10657: 10636: 10617: 10596: 10572: 10562: 10548: 10525: 10504: 10474: 10448: 10427: 10406: 10355: 10334: 10309: 10284: 10257: 10234: 10211: 10190: 10171: 10161: 10116: 10095: 10054: 10030: 9971: 9960: 9944: 9923: 9902: 9881: 9860: 9839: 9796: 9777: 9762: 9738: 9710: 9680: 9663:"Establishment of Arab and Jewish Provisional Councils of Government – Working paper" 9648: 9624: 9603: 9579: 9558: 9537: 9516: 9492: 9413: 9394: 9352: 9321: 9302: 9274: 9263: 9225: 9201: 9164: 9150: 9136: 9063: 9062:. Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. 9002: 8983: 8959: 8578: 7738:, p. 47 named from the word for a Turkish policeman's sword (or fighting knife, 6313: 5454: 4204:(Muslim figure compared to Amin al-Husseini due to his affiliation with Nazi Germany) 3828: 3724: 3670: 3594: 3563: 3478: 3047: 2686:) interests of the Arabs, and as the Jewish question was solved in Germany and Italy. 2672: 2529: 2193: 1983: 1799: 1330: 1309: 819: 791: 697: 648: 12749: 10134: 10016: 9940: 8866: 4357:), vol. 1, chapter 2, British Mandate Government of Palestine: Jerusalem 1946, p. 23 3981: 3314: 2671: 2324:, against moderate Palestinian families who were minded to accept it, to reject the 1818: 14124: 13796: 13766: 13761: 13736: 13545: 13431: 13318: 12810: 12774: 12547: 12508: 12402: 12281: 12243: 12055: 11926: 11640: 11442: 11352: 10873: 10382: 10280: 9981: 9720: 9644: 9620: 9470: 9335: 9284: 9215: 4235: 4168: 4154: 4015: 4010: 3941: 3903: 3775: 3602: 3489: 3319: 3192: 3082: 2998: 2924: 2916: 2880: 2866: 2857: 2733:, but asked al-Husseini "to lock ...deep in his heart" the following points, which 2665: 2556: 2517: 2501: 2488: 2469: 2464: 2253: 2181: 2165: 2071: 2059: 2035: 1943: 1882: 1850: 1841: 1765: 1741: 1614: 1519: 1492: 1435:. Palestinian notables responded to the disaster by a series of resolutions at the 1317: 1135: 1120: 1110: 1029: 775: 644: 618: 610: 470: 450: 351: 308: 181: 13234: 10671: 9428: 8598: 1953: 1744: 1559:, or council supporters) and the Nashashibis and their allied clans (known as the 766: 660: 14175: 14144: 14139: 13984: 13924: 13871: 13801: 13781: 13756: 13746: 13647: 13525: 13221: 13099: 13043: 13022: 12926: 12906: 12883: 12862: 12782: 12647: 12600: 12373: 12338: 12314: 12206: 12182: 12131: 12064: 12016: 11971: 11854: 11843: 11819: 11798: 11774: 11753: 11691: 11563: 11539: 11493: 11370: 11323: 11302: 11228: 11176: 11070: 10989: 10964: 10939: 10911: 10775: 10720: 10611: 10519: 10421: 10349: 10226: 10165: 10048: 9917: 9792: 9756: 9597: 9593: 9552: 9296: 9158: 8603: 5337: 3977: 3807: 3720: 3678: 3606: 3528: 3441: 3437: 3410: 3341: 3259: 3184:(Shepherd's dagger). Driven by interethnic conflict, the region's Jewish, Croat, 3163: 3090: 3030: 2600: 2592: 2568: 2454: 2392: 2379: 2364: 2313: 2224: 2173: 1947: 1842: 1702: 1631: 1500: 1372: 1321: 1153: 1085: 1034: 652: 466: 462: 433:, was sentenced for ten years imprisonment but pardoned by the British. In 1921, 398: 394: 333: 138: 9024: 5588: 4331: 3921: 2935:. The allegation is dismissed by most serious historians. A single affidavit by 390: 14180: 14019: 13914: 13909: 13876: 13866: 13856: 13826: 13751: 13741: 13622: 13550: 13445: 13381: 12153:"Netanyahu Draws Broad Criticism After Saying a Palestinian Inspired Holocaust" 11839: 10843: 10823: 10799: 10771: 10488: 10462: 10130: 9993: 9482: 9375: 9038: 9020: 8973: 8373: 4464: 4293: 4037: 3937: 3873: 3824: 3690: 3674: 3598: 3429: 3384: 3311: 3014: 2936: 2920: 2853: 2847: 2622:, al-Husseini was taken under Italian protection. In an operation organized by 2497: 2434: 2189: 1982: 1902:, and chanting the slogan "The Wall is Ours". The following day coincided with 1899: 1396: 1353: 1335: 1325: 1057: 771: 693: 636: 434: 417:, but following its disestablishment, he moved back to Jerusalem, shifting his 382: 296: 289: 13210: 12406: 11644: 11587: 11356: 10023: 9488: 9474: 5169:), who was also designated the 'mufti of Jerusalem and the Palestine region' ( 4263:"The Hajj Amin's opportunistic wartime residence and propaganda activities in 3827:, described him as virulently antisemitic, as did, a decade and a half later, 3794: 3310: 1728: 14268: 14185: 13811: 13791: 13726: 13678: 13592: 13349: 13144: 12864: 12818: 12709: 12535: 12202: 12178: 12166: 11930: 11917: 11631: 11298: 11274: 11248: 11175:; Cüppers, Martin (2006b). Matthäus, Jürgen; Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (eds.). 11094: 11066: 11038: 10859: 10781: 10716: 10444: 10044: 9444: 9128: 8709: 5585: 4455: 4417: 4272: 4231: 4201: 3945: 3928: 3885: 3835: 3832: 3723:—who refused to allow al-Husseini entry into Jerusalem. Abdullah's grandson, 3625: 3552: 3532: 3490: 3315: 3295: 3237: 3185: 2962: 2957: 2945: 2549: 2480: 2388: 2372: 2273: 2067: 2031: 2018: 1867: 1572: 1535: 1392: 1376: 1346: 609:, the son of the mufti of that city and prominent early opponent of Zionism, 11794: 11203:; Cüppers, Martin (2010). Matthäus, Jürgen; Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (eds.). 10370: 9575: 9047: 4467:, the manager of the extermination policy, and on the case against Husayni." 2496: 1375:, dismissed, given his presence in the demonstration of the previous March. 14220: 13861: 13721: 13716: 13572: 13498: 13450: 13095: 11749: 11583: 11559: 11535: 11511: 11391: 10149: 9734: 9506: 9187: 8687: 8607: 7911:) – The idea that a people should be led by one leader. The Idea of Faith ( 7749:, p. 497), which had figured as an emblem on the Bosnian coat-of-arms. 7169: 5698: 5540:, p. 70. The Muslim name for the contested section of the wall, where 4264: 4140: 3962: 3877: 3791: 3694: 3494: 3449: 3432: 3299: 3283: 3268: 3112: 3094: 3086: 3042: 3038: 2984: 2976: 2821: 2800: 2777: 2743: 2730: 2721: 2661: 2545: 2476: 2368: 2308:, but, in October 1939, his deteriorating relationship with the French and 2220: 2055: 2025: 1923: 1749: 1698: 1674: 1662: 1655: 1610: 1606: 1279: 860: 811: 701: 617: 553: 486: 482: 474: 303: 6334: 5818: 3326: 2850: 663:. Antébi considered al-Husseini his pupil, and refers to him in a letter. 13836: 13693: 13540: 13535: 13481: 13460: 13157: 12932: 12255: 12110:"Qui était le mufti de Jérusalem ?(Who was the Mufti of Jerusalem?)" 11967: 11659: 11472: 11178: 10854: 10847: 10777: 10698: 10396: 9989: 9752: 9638: 9292: 9258: 9154: 8708:, pp. 102, 175:"the demonization of the Mufti serves to magnify the 8621: 7465: 6099: 4451: 4447: 3951: 3933: 3918: 3844: 3840: 3811: 3783: 3756: 3633: 3629: 3510: 3260: 3111:(Islam and Judaism) which closed with a quotation from Bukhari-Muslim by 3078: 3051: 2932: 2769: 2649: 2619: 2572: 2489: 2305: 2019: 1954: 1806: 1792: 1689: 1627: 1388: 1130: 779: 752: 736: 685: 592: 549: 514: 457: 418: 406: 12717: 12559: 11266: 11206: 9341: 6453: 3755:. He refused requests to lend his support to the emergent PLO after the 1732: 13771: 13688: 13683: 13612: 12620: 12596: 12551: 11652: 11290: 11020: 10728: 10496: 10330: 9998: 5923:, p. 104. Rosen notes that, by 1934, it had 63 cells (400 youths). 4915: 4438: 4425: 4353:(Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the 4297: 4057: 4053: 3861: 3760: 3461: 3445: 3425: 3414: 3225: 2907: 2809: 2653: 2596: 2580: 2564: 2525: 2505: 2485: 2301: 2261: 1886: 1788: 1769: 1757: 1706: 1678: 1550: 1496: 1364: 1052: 363: 12538:(2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". 12266: 12229: 10991: 10467:"The Formation of Palestinian Identity: The Critical Years, 1917-1923" 9240: 3325: 3322:, probably because they feared turning the Grand Mufti into a martyr. 2230: 13455: 13163: 13003: 12486: 11129: 10586: 10387: 9183:"Anger at Netanyahu claim Palestinian grand mufti inspired Holocaust" 8447: 4027: 4019: 3857: 3583: 3560: 3506: 2726: 2426: 2404: 2329: 2248: 2177: 2118: 1930: 1819: 1686: 1647: 1643: 1446:, centered on Jerusalem, which sought to block Jewish immigration to 1047: 783: 760: 728: 606: 580: 510: 378: 367: 74: 43: 12340: 9856: 5688:, p. 230 writes that it was in revenge for the former incident. 3913: 3199: 3120: 3070: 1846: 14195: 13904: 13400: 12789:. In Hary, Benjamin H.; Hayeseds, John Lewis; Astren, Fred (eds.). 12451:"Amin al-Husaini and the Holocaust. What Did the Grand Mufti Know?" 11821: 11251:(1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". 11230: 11150: 11016: 9781: 9043:"Sait-on qu' un Palestinien a créé un musée de l'Holocauste ?" 5541: 4442: 4421: 4023: 3985: 3486: 3264: 3221: 3189: 3159: 3055: 2742: 2675: 1919: 1895: 1890: 1784: 1745: 1249: 787: 740: 410: 401: 371: 12670: 12295: 11185:] (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 9512: 7500: 7498: 4911:, p. 40. The report was never published, the newly appointed 4890: 4250:, p. 624, n.5.) Laurens, in the first volume of his trilogy ( 4187: 3405: 2712: 1262:), which then vied with the Nashashibi-sponsored "Literary Club" ( 767: 13189: 13074:"Der Jude als Anti-Muslim: Amin al-Husseini und die "Judenfrage"" 12730: 12493: 11595: 7905:) – the idea of the New Order in Europe. The Idea of the Fũhrer ( 5759: 5582: 4281: 4066: 4061: 3752: 3155: 3117: 2941: 2351: 2244: 2134: 2075: 1795: 1635: 1539: 1482: 1404: 1090: 720: 709: 589: 426: 386: 11277:(1988). "The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Politics of Palestine". 11072: 7510: 7099: 5808: 5806: 4420: 3910: 3742: 3340: 3021: 2339: 13273: 13177: 13133: 12884:"The Mufti of Jerusalem and Palestine Arab Politics, 1930-1937" 10945: 10917: 10889: 10135:"Le grand mufti de Jérusalem en France: Histoire d'une évasion" 9758: 8999: 8979: 8443: 7495: 6513: 6103: 4751: 4429: 3856: 3803: 3779: 3771: 3743: 3548: 3307: 2826: 2794: 2765: 2692: 2584: 2510: 2430: 2172: 2160: 2159:. Initially, the riots were led by Farhan al-Sa'di, a militant 2099: 1761: 1651: 1639: 1512: 1487: 1420: 1416: 1408: 689: 667: 598: 542: 525:. In September 1948 he participated in the establishment of an 506: 355: 131: 99: 12975:. In Bahcheli, Tozun; Bartmann, Barry; Srebnik, Henry (eds.). 12354: 11183: 10277: 10250:"The Suppressed Discourse: Arab Victims of National Socialism" 8157: 7384: 7348: 7111: 6537: 3434: 3054:, have claimed that the mission included a plan to poison the 2691: 1697: 13999: 13294: 11884: 11343: 10493:"The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure" 8004: 7212: 7210: 7072: 6525: 6003: 6001: 5824: 5803: 5796:, p. 96, which records several long talks of members of 5713: 4918: 4848:?), le nombre d'Arabes palestiniens reclutés dépasse les 500. 4434: 4046: 3514: 3195: 2657: 2576: 2537: 2423: 2269: 2063: 1995: 1991: 1971: 1967: 1958: 1889: 1878: 1829: 1623: 1619: 1596: 1400: 1253: 1173: 964: 959: 870: 732: 724: 675: 626: 595: 494: 493:, he came under French protection, and then sought refuge in 446: 121: 111: 12649: 10944:. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: 10916:. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: 10888:. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: 10351: 10326: 9298: 8198: 8196: 6637: 5254: 4106: 3751: 3538: 3351: 2716: 1312: 370: 13389: 11958: 11954:"Historians, politicians slam PM's 'distortion of history'" 11366:"Did Zionism Cause the Holocaust? A New Biography Says Yes" 8651: 8481: 8307: 8133: 8070: 7992: 7717: 7522: 7408: 7324: 7123: 7021: 6869: 6833: 6429: 5842: 5367:, however, were manufactured in, and imported from, Turkey. 5031:, p. 545. 1920 was considered the "year of disaster" ( 4878: 2803: 2641: 2612: 2603: 2216: 2169: 2095: 1531: 12468: 12133: 11913:"Righteous among the Editors — when the Left loved Israel" 9450: 9105: 8782: 8770: 8727: 8493: 8459: 8457: 8111: 8109: 7932: 7681: 7594: 7534: 7259: 7207: 7060: 6297: 6295: 6181: 6065: 6029: 5998: 5974: 5643: 4942: 4724: 4580: 4078: 3763:, continued to work for the Jordanian monarchy even after 3706: 3263: 2760: 1308:. Much damage to Jewish life and property was caused. The 12996:"The Holocaust5: Narratives of Complicity and Victimhood" 12208: 11565: 11452: 9617: 9198: 8541: 8220: 8193: 7944: 7705: 7693: 7611: 7609: 7546: 6908: 6881: 6857: 6609: 6501: 6489: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6324: 6322: 6280: 6109: 5962: 5878: 5076: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4741: 4739: 3728: 3502: 3220: 2197: 12130: 12087: 11044: 8905: 8517: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 7956: 7633: 7247: 7195: 7089: 7087: 7033: 6898: 6896: 6549: 6346: 6229: 5631: 5394: 4779: 4714: 4712: 4640: 4433: 4267: 3669: 1586: 12040: 11973: 9898: 9877: 9623:. Translated by David Harvey. Routledge. pp. 60–. 9133: 8952: 8917: 8558: 8556: 8454: 8409: 8397: 8181: 8106: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8021: 8019: 7800: 7621: 7396: 7360: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7147: 7135: 7050: 7048: 7009: 6745: 6477: 6417: 6292: 6205: 6121: 5938: 5890: 5112: 5100: 5088: 4659: 4657: 4655: 2951: 2948:, who was present at the trial, concluded in her book, 1285: 10613: 10568: 10187: 9919: 9795:. Vol. 1. New Brunswick and London: Transaction. 9533: 8951: 8806: 8639: 8385: 8355: 8283: 8259: 8121: 7645: 7606: 7558: 7444: 7372: 6809: 6773: 6733: 6721: 6709: 6685: 6661: 6441: 6400: 6340: 6319: 6258: 6256: 6241: 6217: 6199: 6157: 6133: 5866: 5507: 5218: 4803: 4791: 4736: 4697: 4532: 4520: 4508: 4197: 3673: 2695:, where he discussed the text of his declaration with 13078: 12751: 11994: 11845: 11582: 10749: 10721:"Arab Rebellion and Terrorism in Palestine 1929-1939" 10680:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 10631: 10026: 9811:"Full official record: What the mufti said to Hitler" 8893: 8881: 8818: 8794: 8693: 8663: 8627: 8505: 8421: 8343: 8331: 8319: 8295: 8249: 8247: 8232: 8208: 8169: 7980: 7968: 7920: 7860: 7824: 7752: 7471: 7432: 7336: 7312: 7271: 7235: 7084: 6932: 6920: 6893: 6821: 6797: 6649: 6145: 6053: 5986: 5667: 5278: 5266: 4998: 4866: 4709: 3555:, the Arab League—led by Egypt—decided to set up the 3421: 2764:, at the opening of the Islamic Central Institute in 2644: 2140: 2127:). This and another paramilitary youth organization, 13045: 12629: 11616:"PM Netanyahu's Speech at the 37th Zionist Congress" 10501: 10090:. In Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (eds.). 9599: 8842: 8758: 8715: 8553: 8469: 8271: 8031: 8016: 7848: 7836: 7812: 7669: 7657: 7570: 7483: 7420: 7295: 7045: 6845: 6785: 6561: 6041: 5551: 5370: 5290: 4991:) for the events, even several decades afterwards". 4954: 4930: 4820: 4652: 4592: 4544: 4130: 3817: 3774:, on 4 July 1974. He had wished to be buried on the 3077: 2902: 1885:'s plea on 8 August to the acting High Commissioner 1814: 1387: 1304: 13264: 13080:(in German). Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 41–51. 12956:(2nd.(rev.) ed.). Cambridge University Press. 12690:"Parallels between Nazi and Islamist Anti-Semitism" 12518: 11397: 10834:. Vol. 1, no. 1. Herzliya. Archived from 9809: 8929: 8872: 7582: 6268: 6253: 5481: 5479: 5178: 5064: 4568: 2969: 1545:The British initially balanced appointments to the 712:. However, Al-Husseini did not adopt his teacher's 14010:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 13125: 13065:The Palestine Problem in German Politics 1889-1945 13041: 12973:"Palestine 2003: the perils of de facto statehood" 12748: 12490: 12263: 12037: 11891:Minutes of the Seventeenth (Extraordinary) Session 11800:The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951 11420: 10851: 10371:"Hajj Amīn al-Ḥusaynī, the "creation" of a leader" 9959: 9698: 9665:. United Nations Palestine Commission. 1948. § 24. 9262: 8830: 8244: 6697: 6597: 6573: 6459: 5473:, p. 155 (translation needed) gives the 17th. 4604: 4496: 4347:See also the British account of this incident in: 2045: 1525:In 1922, al-Husseini was elected president of the 1300:broke out in protest at the implementation of the 755:in 1914, al-Husseini received a commission in the 485:against Britain, requesting during a meeting with 13101:Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood 13000:The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations 11233:. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 10653:Judah L. Magnes: An American Jewish Nonconformist 10423:Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1987-1988 9447:(1977). Gutman, Yisrael; Zuroff, Ephraim (eds.). 4192:Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world 3914:Evaluations of Husseini's historical significance 3224:speech said Husseini was reserved about fighting 2346:Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world 1538:'s annual budget. In addition, he controlled the 1419:. The struggle for Greater Syria collapsed after 461:against British rule, he fled and took refuge in 14385:People of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 14266: 13042:Yahil, Leni; Friedman, Ina; Galai, Haya (1991). 11734:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–188. 11223: 11171: 10561: 10469:. In Jankowski, James; Gershoni, Israel (eds.). 10053:. Vol. 1. Macmillan Library Reference USA. 9901:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–120. 9676:Western Imperialism in the Middle east 1914-1958 5476: 5046: 5019:, p. 37 citing the Palin Report, pp. 29–33. 3501:(Amin al-Husseini's nephew), were allocated the 3396: 3249: 2837: 2768:on 18 December 1942, during the Muslim festival 1669:were intended to rally Arab support against the 1661:Al-Husseini's vigorous efforts to transform the 739:, he studied at the School of Administration in 12631:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–103. 12136:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 7. 11199: 10473:. Columbia University Press. pp. 171–189. 7504: 5572:, pp. 153, 158–161, 162 translation needed 4403:, p. ? citing Abd al-Karim al-Umar (ed.), 4006:contains no support for Netanyahu's assertion. 1460:("The Self-Sacrificers"), which, together with 1296:procession in Jerusalem in April 1920, violent 1282:, both prominent members of al-Nadi al-'Arabi. 568:, Lebanese, and even the Jewish militant group 12867:. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. 12461: 11713:"Hajj Amin al-Husayni: The Mufti of Jerusalem" 11418: 10503:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–36. 10471:Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East 10233:. Princeton: Markus Wiener. pp. 217–221. 9221:City of Stone: The Hidden History of Jerusalem 9149: 7516: 7466:National Archives: released MI5 documents 2001 7117: 5260: 5058: 3578:declaration of independence over the whole of 1395:in particular, with Palestine understood as a 980:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority 700:and encouraged Islamic revolutions across the 14040:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 13487:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 13416: 13250: 12129: 11933:. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. 11911:Radosh, Ronald; Radosh, Allis (Summer 2008). 11541:1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war 11390: 10723:. In Kedourie, Elie; Haim, Sylvie G. (eds.). 10694: 10067: 10022: 10013: 9195: 7540: 7027: 6435: 6368: 5812: 5765: 5501: 5466: 5360: 5308: 5130: 4480: 3624:regarded the attempt to revive al-Husseini's 3403:United Nations Special Committee on Palestine 3100:The Mufti also wrote a pamphlet for the 13th 3022:Intervention in Palestine and Operation Atlas 2776:A separate record of the meeting was made by 2627: 2340:Ties with the Axis Powers during World War II 1530:a short tether.". The Council controlled the 1225: 425:. From as early as 1920, he actively opposed 13135: 13076:. In Günther, Niklas; Zankel, Sönke (eds.). 12395:International Journal of Middle East Studies 12298:. Abelard-Schuman, Israel University Press. 12254: 11910: 10842: 10822: 10656:. Syracuse University Press. pp. 251–. 10069:"Hajj Amin al-Husayni: Wartime Propagandist" 9602:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. 9349:National Archives and Records Administration 9334: 9059:Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence 8749: 8657: 8611: 8163: 8076: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7552: 6984: 6384: 5531: 5525: 5170: 5164: 5134: 5032: 4986: 4842: 4329: 4314: 4113: 4107: 4098: 4092: 4084: 4079: 3782:had captured East Jerusalem during the 1967 3714: 3652: 2870: 2856:refers to a meeting between al-Husseini and 2788: 2747: 2705:) of the Jewish National Home in Palestine. 2700: 2681: 2408: 2287: 2281: 2128: 2122: 2023: 1909: 1903: 1677:of Jerusalem, which belonged to the waqf of 1600: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1461: 1455: 1271: 1263: 1257: 743:, the most secular of Ottoman institutions. 679: 630: 13137:الحاج أمين الحسيني منذ ولادته حتى ثورة 1936 12673:(2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. 10725:Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel 9727: 9693: 9238: 7998: 7528: 7105: 4388: 4227: 4225: 4223: 1252:where he supported Emir Faisal for King of 798: 625:. In Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini attended a 14330:Mandatory Palestine people of World War II 13423: 13409: 13257: 13243: 13222:Newspaper clippings about Amin al-Husseini 12925: 12860: 12841: 12347: 12333: 12011: 11693:The Third Reich and the Palestine Question 10962: 10524:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 42–43. 10160: 9832:Gallagher, Nancy Elizabeth (13 May 2007). 9705:. University of California Press. p.  9669: 9410:Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon 9214: 9119:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9104: 9037: 8523: 7938: 7878: 7746: 7687: 7390: 7229: 7066: 6999: 6643: 6115: 6071: 5436:The longest accounts for the riots are in 5388: 4924: 4450:governments as well as governments in the 4292:… Or the Hajj Amin might have bumped into 3984:, longer than the articles on Himmler and 2635: 2575:al-Husseini used his influence to issue a 1499:. A year earlier the British had replaced 1232: 1218: 42: 14340:Ottoman military personnel of World War I 12724: 12445: 12421: 11610: 11588:"Reconsidering the 1948 Arab-Israeli War" 11146: 11012: 10808:(3rd ed.). Tauris Parke Paperbacks. 10426:. Vol. 4. Kluwer Law International. 10386: 9831: 9592: 8812: 8289: 8202: 8010: 7330: 7078: 6863: 6531: 6364: 6106:and Beirut. The second attempt succeeded. 6023: 5968: 5956: 4400: 3539:Establishment of All-Palestine Government 3352:Post-war Palestinian political leadership 3041:recruited from al-Husseini's associates, 2929:Solution of the Jewish Question in Europe 647:, and a Catholic secondary school run by 605:Amin al-Husseini was born around 1897 in 556:, or a combination of both. Opponents of 14120:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 14050:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 14015:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 13062: 12970: 12781: 12627:. In Rogan, Eugene; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). 12602:The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World 12184:Europe leaves the Middle East, 1936–1954 12035: 11852: 11838: 11772: 11449: 11321: 10745: 10635:. London: Lexington Books. p. 232. 10609: 10402:In Search of Fatima: A Palestinian Story 10247: 9936: 9915: 9788: 9775: 9550: 9481: 9383: 9365: 9318:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia 9315: 9177: 8860: 8824: 8574: 8511: 7639: 7627: 7477: 7289: 7265: 7253: 7216: 7201: 7039: 6978: 6966: 6962: 6555: 5839:, p. 36 citing Palin Report p. 184. 5513: 5437: 5272: 5224: 5212: 5094: 4884: 4814: 4622: 4538: 4526: 4514: 4220: 4094:Kidhbat Bay‘ al-Filastiniyin li-’Ardihim 3992:In October 2015, Israeli Prime Minister 3738:, al-Husseini also remained in exile at 3664: 3383: 3374: 3135: 3065: 2992: 2755: 2707: 2611:and after the new Persian government of 2260:: the remaining five were exiled to the 2229: 2117:and recruited from the Palestinian Arab 2049: 1727: 1522:. The position came with a life tenure. 776:Faisal bin Al Hussein bin Ali El-Hashemi 651:, the Catholic Frères, where he learned 579: 27:Palestinian Arab nationalist (1897–1974) 13995:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 13980:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 12392: 12150: 12104: 11856:The capture and trial of Adolf Eichmann 11729: 11723:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 11718:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 11710: 11689: 10934: 10906: 10880: 10826:; Joffe, Alexander H. (November 2006). 10798: 10770: 10715: 10517: 10487: 10461: 10322: 10270: 10207:Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War 10148: 10129: 10108: 10094:. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO. p. 464. 10079:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 9637: 9616: 9426: 9019: 8996: 8972: 8923: 8848: 8745: 8645: 8590: 8562: 8487: 8463: 8415: 8403: 8391: 8361: 8313: 8226: 8187: 8139: 8115: 8088: 8064: 7576: 7450: 7414: 7402: 7366: 7354: 7181: 7153: 7141: 7129: 7015: 7003: 6875: 6839: 6751: 6543: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6483: 6471: 6423: 6301: 6247: 6211: 6127: 6019: 5944: 5932: 5908: 5896: 5884: 5872: 5860: 5848: 5836: 5789: 5777: 5749: 5737: 5725: 5709: 5661: 5649: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5569: 5497: 5485: 5470: 5424: 5412: 5348: 5248: 5200: 5172:mufti al-Quds wal-diyar al-filistiniyya 5160: 5148: 5118: 5070: 5028: 5016: 4992: 4948: 4936: 4908: 4872: 4838: 4826: 4797: 4757: 4745: 4730: 4703: 4646: 4634: 4586: 4574: 4416:"It would be anachronistic to hold the 4335: 4251: 4247: 3660: 3392:, the future Egyptian president in 1948 2860:, in the summer of 1943, and observes: 1712: 409:. At war's end he stationed himself in 14: 14267: 13990:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 13094: 13071: 13020: 12908:The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria 12904: 12888:The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria 12881: 12817: 12732:. Translated by Ruth Martin. Vintage. 12687: 12645: 12619: 12595: 12428:Germany and the Middle East, 1871–1945 12371: 12312: 12288: 12201: 12177: 12165: 11990: 11863: 11748: 11558: 11534: 11510: 11468: 11363: 11342: 11297: 11273: 11247: 11125:Iraq: The Search for National Identity 11121: 10670: 10649: 10440: 10419: 10297: 10275:. In Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (ed.). 10189:. London: C. Hust and Co. p. 53. 10043: 9988: 9894: 9873: 9852: 9407: 9320:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 497. 9127: 9076: 8935: 8788: 8776: 8733: 8705: 8681: 8535: 8499: 8439: 8427: 8325: 8301: 8265: 8238: 8214: 8175: 8127: 8100: 7782: 7758: 7651: 7615: 7564: 7378: 7306: 7277: 6815: 6803: 6779: 6763: 6727: 6715: 6691: 6667: 6627: 6447: 6411: 6352: 6328: 6274: 6262: 6235: 6223: 6187: 6175: 6163: 6139: 6083: 6059: 6035: 6007: 5992: 5980: 5863:, pp. 180–181. translation needed 5793: 5753: 5728:, pp. 168–172. translation needed 5685: 5673: 5664:, pp. 168–169. translation needed 5637: 5625: 5604:, pp. 163–165. translation needed 5545: 5400: 5376: 5339:Oxford University Press, Oxford 1924). 5284: 5236: 5196: 5106: 5082: 5004: 4972: 4896: 4860: 4773: 4769: 4718: 4687: 4675: 4562: 4550: 4367: 4301: 4239: 3286:, France decided to consider him as a 2887:Al-Husseini's memoir then continues:- 2842:Al-Husseini has been described by the 2618:severed diplomatic relations with the 2444: 2121:movement, called the "Holy Struggle" ( 1962:took place over the following days in 1872:destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem 521:, Husseini built his own militia, the 13404: 13238: 12949: 12746: 12666: 12534: 12485: 12083: 11951: 11817: 11793: 11093: 11065: 11037: 10987: 10630: 10538: 10395: 10368: 10347: 10231:Germany and the Middle East 1871–1945 10203: 10184: 9957: 9571: 9529: 9505: 9460: 9443: 9412:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 9291: 9257: 9089: 9055: 8899: 8887: 8836: 8800: 8669: 8633: 8547: 8349: 8337: 8253: 8151: 7986: 7974: 7962: 7950: 7926: 7890: 7866: 7854: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7806: 7794: 7770: 7735: 7723: 7711: 7699: 7675: 7600: 7489: 7438: 7426: 7342: 7318: 7241: 7165: 7093: 6950: 6938: 6926: 6914: 6902: 6887: 6827: 6791: 6767: 6655: 6615: 6591: 6567: 6286: 6151: 6095: 5920: 5557: 5441: 5184: 4960: 4785: 4691: 4663: 4598: 4468: 3360: 3037:religious sect in Palestine, and two 2520:had suggested to a British official, 1986:'s Mandatory Commission. The former, 1933:party, and attacked by supporters of 1587:Haram ash-Sharif and the Western Wall 1469: 535:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 347: – 4 July 1974) was a 90: 86: 14305:Arab collaborators with Nazi Germany 13430: 12993: 12566: 12520:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 360. 12515: 12225: 12062: 11966: 11776:The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars 11630: 11489: 10592:A History of Nationalism in the East 10585: 10224: 10154:The Destruction of the European Jews 10085: 9895:Gelvin, James L. (13 January 2014). 9778:"Nazis planned Palestine subversion" 9751: 9661: 9647:. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. 9641:(2007) . Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). 9269:. New York: Wiley and Sons. p.  9041:; Ayad, Christophe (27 March 2010). 8911: 8764: 8721: 8475: 8277: 8025: 7663: 7588: 7054: 6851: 6739: 6703: 6679: 6603: 6579: 6394:Mudhakkirat al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni, 6047: 5537: 5332: 5320: 5296: 4610: 4502: 4387:(Chicago: 1985), 17, 32, quoted in ( 4040:sums up al-Husseini's significance: 3654:idha takalam al-seif, uskut ya kalam 3304:The Destruction of the European Jews 3254: 2646:Ubaldo Alberto Mellini Ponce de León 2133:, paralleled the clandestine Jewish 2002:, who had apparently been swayed by 14030:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 13136: 12702:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 11779:(4th ed.). Pearson Education. 10521:The Hundred Years' War on Palestine 10248:Höpp, Gerhard; Wien, Peter (2010). 10229:. In Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. (ed.). 8378:Secretary of State for the Colonies 6385: 5363:, pp. 127ff., 130. The mosaic 4355:Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry 4114: 4099: 4085: 2058:in the early 1930s. To his left is 2054:Al-Husseini (center) in a visit to 1914:), the anniversary of the birth of 1768:, the waqf authority complained to 1575:. During most of the period of the 1553:and their supporters (known as the 1068:Religion / religious sites 362:. Al-Husseini was the scion of the 337: 24: 14310:Arab people in Mandatory Palestine 13970:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 13492:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 13120: 10963:Lebor, Adam; Boyes, Roger (2000). 10941:Une mission sacrée de civilisation 10913:Une mission sacrée de civilisation 10828:"An Interview with Walter Laqueur" 9578:. University of California Press. 9536:. University of California Press. 9515:. University of California Press. 9224:. University of California Press. 9090:Ahren, Raphael (22 October 2015). 9001:. London: Actes Sud. p. 111. 6341:Aboul-Enein & Aboul-Enein 2013 6200:Aboul-Enein & Aboul-Enein 2013 5825:Permanent Mandates Commission 1930 3936:on the other hand compares him to 3388:Haj Amin al-Husseini meeting with 2997:Haj Amin al-Husseini meeting with 2397:German Consul-General in Jerusalem 2147:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 2141:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 1583:under al-Husseini's chairmanship. 1371:, to have the mayor of Jerusalem, 1244:In 1919, al-Husseini attended the 459:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 449:while rallying a non-confessional 385:in 1897, he received education in 25: 14396: 14035:Palestine Liberation Organization 13170: 13067:. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University. 12579:Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya 12211:(3rd ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. 12151:Rudoren, Jodi (21 October 2015). 11677:from the original on 2 April 2014 11661:"New Document Releases MI5 Files" 11364:Mikics, David (3 February 2014). 10167:The Third Reich and the Arab East 5911:, p. 297. translation needed 5780:, p. 199. translation needed 5752:, p. 179 translation needed 5740:, p. 173. translation needed 5592:, p. 170. translation needed 5504:, p. 131 gives 24 September. 5488:, p. 158. translation needed 5457:, Ihsan al-Jabiri and Adil Arslan 5427:, p. 163. translation needed 3841:the ritual use of Christian blood 3818:Amin al-Husseini and antisemitism 2086:In 1931, al-Husseini founded the 1825:A change of government in Britain 539:Palestine Liberation Organization 513:. Failing to gain command of the 469:. He then established himself in 14249: 14248: 13975:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 13658:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 13188: 13176: 13027:. University of Michigan Press. 12824:The memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs 11952:Ravid, Akiya (21 October 2015). 11419:Milton-Edwards, Beverly (1999). 10832:Covenant: Global Jewish Magazine 10754:University of Pennsylvania Press 10701:. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. 9859:. Wayne State University Press. 9838:. American Univ in Cairo Press. 9427:Budeiri, Musa K. (Winter 2001). 9393:. University of Nebraska Press. 9239:Biddiscombe, Perry (July 2018). 9077:Aderet, Ofer (27 January 2022). 8854: 8739: 8699: 8675: 8584: 8568: 8529: 8433: 8367: 8145: 8094: 8082: 7884: 7872: 7788: 7776: 7764: 7729: 7283: 7222: 7175: 7159: 6993: 6972: 6956: 6944: 6757: 6673: 6621: 6585: 6465: 6460:Yahil, Friedman & Galai 1991 6377: 6358: 6307: 6193: 6169: 6089: 6077: 6013: 5950: 5926: 5914: 5902: 5854: 5830: 5783: 5771: 5415:, p. 154.translation needed 5351:, p. 156.translation needed 4474: 4410: 4394: 4383:, 287, 306–7. Steven L Spiegel, 4373: 4360: 4161: 4147: 4133: 3460:, reached a secret entente with 2970:Opposition to Jewish immigration 2832: 2814:Sachsenhausen concentration camp 2812:certainly must have visited the 2062:, who later became president of 1798:After the nomination of the new 1665:into a symbol of pan-Arabic and 818: 445:, a position he used to promote 14290:20th-century Palestinian people 13618:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 13266:Islamic leadership in Jerusalem 13126:Biographies of Amin al-Husseini 12979:. Routledge. pp. 123–138. 12694:Jewish Political Studies Review 12625:"Israel and the Arab Coalition" 11732:Nazi Germany and the Arab World 10543:. In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). 10420:Kassim, Anis F. (1 June 1988). 9557:. University of Florida Press. 9437:Institute for Palestine Studies 9316:Blamires, Cyprian, ed. (2006). 5743: 5731: 5719: 5703: 5691: 5679: 5655: 5619: 5607: 5595: 5575: 5563: 5519: 5491: 5460: 5447: 5430: 5418: 5406: 5382: 5354: 5342: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5242: 5230: 5206: 5190: 5154: 5142: 5124: 5052: 5040: 5022: 5010: 4978: 4966: 4902: 4854: 4832: 4763: 4681: 4669: 4628: 4616: 4385:The Other Arab–Israeli Conflict 4341: 4322: 4307: 4257: 2720:and was officially received by 2459:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia 2292:(nationalism)." He remained in 2046:Political activities, 1930–1935 14060:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 13822:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 13201:Husseini, Haj Amin (1895–1974) 13104:. Cambridge University Press. 12652:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 12570:Islamic Terror and the Balkans 12232:. London: Verso. p. 248. 11755:The Holocaust in American Life 11490:Monk, Daniel Bertrand (2002). 10886:L'invention de la Terre sainte 10695:Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). 10547:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 110–114. 9880:. Cambridge University Press. 9776:Fountain, Rick (5 July 2001). 9338:; Goda, Norman J. W. (2012) . 9200:. Cambridge University Press. 8618:legend of the stab in the back 8595:Alliance Israélite Universelle 5800:with Snell. translation needed 5469:, p. 131 gives the 26th: 4556: 4437:and on the Palestinian end as 4182:Palestinian political violence 3908:Institute for Study of Judaism 3407:High Commissioner of Palestine 3131: 2805:Oranienburg concentration camp 2629:Servizio Informazioni Militari 2066:and to al-Husseini's right is 1427:in July 1920. The French army 1306:homeland for the Jewish people 1010:Governorates of the Gaza Strip 746: 657:Alliance Israélite Universelle 245:September 1948 – 1953 214:9 January 1922 – 1937 13: 1: 14350:Palestinian Arab nationalists 12935:. Stanford University Press. 12013:Reitlinger, Gerald Reitlinger 11886:Permanent Mandates Commission 11758:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 11423:Islamic Politics in Palestine 11307:. Columbia University Press. 10050:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 5239:, pp. 22–24 for details. 3973:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 3397:The U.N. Partition Resolution 3250:Activities after World War II 3061: 2838:Al-Husseini and the Holocaust 2624:Italian Military Intelligence 2544:had one of their commanders, 2422:had at the same time cut off 1754:Abdullah, Emir of Transjordan 1477:, recently appointed British 639:government secondary school ( 575: 341: 66: 14375:People convicted in absentia 14005:Federation of Arab Republics 13965:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 13955:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 13556:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13504:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 12842:Strangneth, Bettina (2004). 12375:Tel Aviv: From Dream to City 12171:Aliyah: The People of Israel 12066:Chaim Weitzmann: A Biography 12044:. Indiana University Press. 11902:on 6 April 2015 – via 11730:Nicosia, Francis R. (2017). 11711:Nicosia, Francis R. (2008). 11690:Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). 11475:. Rowman & Littlefield. 11450:Mitchell, Thomas G. (2013). 11322:Matthews, Weldon C. (2006). 10571:. Harvard University Press. 10204:Hoare, Marko Attila (2014). 10185:Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). 9966:. Publishing House. p.  9160:The Quest for the Red Prince 5047:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 4899:, pp. 79ff., esp.96ff.. 4490: 4213: 3852:fundamentally anti-semitic. 3831:. Both have been accused by 3575:Palestinian National Council 3151:Independent State of Croatia 2737:summarizes as follows, that 1977: 1423:defeated the Arab forces in 1101:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 501:, Husseini opposed both the 7: 14345:Palestinian anti-communists 14130:Flag of the Arab Federation 13960:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 13950:Arab Socialist Action Party 13226:20th Century Press Archives 13048:. Oxford University Press. 12846:. London: The Bodley Head. 12540:Journal of Religious Ethics 12319:. Oxford University Press. 12173:. World Publishing Company. 12036:Robinson, Glenn E. (1997). 11520:. Oxford University Press. 11402:University Press of America 11227:; Cüppers, Martin (2006a). 10256:. Brill. pp. 167–216. 10227:"In the Shadow of the Moon" 10210:. Oxford University Press. 10170:. Routledge & K. Paul. 10156:. New York: New Viewpoints. 9937:Ghandour, Zeina B. (2009). 9737:. Verso Books. p. 25. 9679:. Oxford University Press. 9551:Davidson, Lawrence (2001). 9246:Journal of Military History 8597:institute in Jerusalem and 7505:Mallmann & Cüppers 2010 5532: 5526: 5171: 5165: 5135: 5033: 4319:, NiL, Paris, 1996, p. 563. 4126: 4109:Haqaiq 'an Qadiyat Filastin 4108: 4100:كذبة بيع الفلسطينيين لأرضهم 4093: 4080: 3806:for his involvement in the 3715: 3653: 2790:Islamisches Zentralinstitut 2361:post-World War I settlement 2288: 2282: 2239:Commissioner for that area 2225:Royal Commission of Inquiry 2129: 2123: 2024: 1910: 1904: 1601: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1462: 1456: 1373:Musa Kazim Pasha al-Husayni 1272: 1264: 1258: 680: 631: 10: 14401: 14295:Al-Azhar University alumni 14101:On the Way of Resurrection 14094:The Battle for One Destiny 14025:Lebanese National Movement 13466:Third International Theory 13131:1988, Ibrahim Abu Shaqra, 12688:Spoerl, Joseph S. (2020). 11859:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 11773:Ovendale, Ritchie (2004). 11454:. McFarland. p. 134. 11345:Journal of Israeli History 11105:Greenwood Publishing Group 10746:Landsman, Stephan (2005). 10650:Kotzin, Daniel P. (2010). 10565:; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). 10306:Cambridge University Press 9874:Gelvin, James L. (2007) . 9530:Cohen, Michael J. (1989). 9301:. New York: Dialog Press. 9135:. New York: Viking Press. 9107:Memoirs of the Grand Mufti 8982:. Henry Holt and Company. 8944: 8694:Morris lecture at LSE 2011 7517:Bar-Zohar & Haber 2002 7118:Schwanitz & Rubin 2014 4405:Memoirs of the Grand Mufti 4278:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose 3802:, who was later killed by 3593:, named as its president. 3468: 3364: 3302:that when culpability for 2448: 2382: 2343: 2144: 1870:, a day memorializing the 1723: 1716: 914:All-Palestine Protectorate 14370:Palestinian Sunni Muslims 14315:Fascism in the Arab world 14275:Grand Muftis of Jerusalem 14244: 14153: 14110: 14078: 14055:Unified Political Command 13945:Arab Nationalist Movement 13890: 13842:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 13702: 13671: 13638:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 13509:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 13474: 13438: 13377: 13328: 13301:Muhammed al-Fadl Jarallah 13272: 13152:Columbia University Press 13021:Yaeger, Patricia (1996). 12977:The Quest for Sovereignty 12844:Eichmann before Jerusalem 12747:Stein, George H. (1984). 12471:. Yale University Press. 12407:10.1017/S0020743800029445 11943:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11645:10.1080/00263208408700568 11544:. Yale University Press. 11496:. Duke University Press. 11357:10.1080/13531049608576090 11147:Mackenzie, S. P. (2006). 11077:W.W. Norton & Company 10610:Kolinsky, Martin (1993). 10539:Kiely, Robert S. (2008). 10354:. Kingston Press Series. 9848:– via Google Books. 9789:Friedman, Isaiah (2000). 9671:Fieldhouse, David Kenneth 9475:10.1080/13531048308575839 9196:Ben-Ze'ev, Efrat (2011). 9056:Adams, Jefferson (2009). 8997:Achcar, Gilbert (2010c). 8958:. Naval Institute Press. 7028:Günther & Zankel 2006 6965:, p. 406 drawing on 6436:Rubin & Schwanit 2014 4843: 4481:Milstein & Sacks 1997 4407:, Damascus, 1999, p. 126. 4056:, who became chairman of 2567:in April 1941. When the 2472:, modern Iraq's founder. 2463:With the outbreak of the 1622:was reorientated towards 1022:Legislative Council (PLC) 659:with its Jewish director 655:. He also studied at the 545:, Lebanon, in July 1974. 439:British High Commissioner 429:, and as a leader of the 330:Mohammed Amin al-Husseini 323: 319: 282: 277: 273: 261: 249: 238: 230: 218: 207: 199: 187: 175: 164: 157: 153: 149: 137: 127: 117: 107: 82: 63:Mohammed Amin al-Husseini 58: 53: 41: 34: 13563:1952 Egyptian revolution 13063:Yisraeli, David (1974). 12998:. In Meri, Josef (ed.). 12905:Tauber, Eliezer (1994). 12861:Swedenburg, Ted (2003). 12757:Cornell University Press 12667:Simon, Reeva S. (2004). 12372:Schlor, Joachim (1999). 12084:Rosen, David M. (2005). 11991:Reiter, Yitzhak (1996). 11976:. Simon & Schuster. 11931:10.3200/WAFS.171.1.65-75 11870:. Continuum Publishing. 11853:Pearlman, Moshe (1963). 11427:. I. B. Tauris. p.  11013:Levenberg, Haim (1993). 10595:. Taylor & Francis. 10518:Khalidi, Rashid (2020). 10298:Hughes, Matthew (2019). 10144:(in French). No. 1. 10086:Hall, Michael R (2008). 10029:. Franz Steiner Verlag. 9916:Gensicke, Klaus (2011). 9433:Jerusalem Quarterly File 9385:Browning, Christopher R. 8658:Laqueur & Rubin 2001 8164:Radosh & Radosh 2008 8077:Breitman & Goda 2012 7553:Breitman & Goda 2012 6383: 4760:, pp. 426, 675 n16. 4286:Indian National Congress 4208: 4072: 3736:All-Palestine Government 3611:All-Palestine Government 3557:All-Palestine Government 3371:All-Palestine Government 3243:many fought in Palestine 3107:division, translated as 3093:called him "the Arabian 2844:American Jewish Congress 2648:. On condition that the 2599:), where he was granted 2286:('Husayni-ism') but for 1836: 936:National Authority (PNA) 799:Early political activism 706:European colonial powers 681:Dar al-Da'wa wa-l-Irshad 527:All-Palestine Government 497:. In the lead-up to the 443:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem 159:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem 48:Amin al-Husseini in 1929 14360:Palestinian politicians 14216:Palestinian nationalism 14135:Flag of the Arab Revolt 13628:1966 Syrian coup d'état 13608:1963 Syrian coup d'état 13588:1961 Syrian coup d'état 12950:Tripp, Charles (2002). 12882:Taggar, Yehuda (1994). 12646:Sicker, Martin (2000). 12465:; Rubin, Barry (2014). 12313:Sayigh, Yezid (1999) . 11620:Prime Minister's Office 11225:Mallmann, Klaus-Michael 11201:Mallmann, Klaus Michael 11173:Mallmann, Klaus Michael 11155:Oxford University Press 10495:. In Eugene L., Rogan; 10369:Kamel, Lorenzo (2013). 10323:Huneidi, Sahar (2001). 10271:Hopwood, Derek (1980). 10109:Hen-Tov, Jacob (1974). 10088:"Husseini, Haj Amin al" 9922:. Vallentine Mitchell. 9025:"Blame the Grand Mufti" 7186:According to my opinion 7006:, pp. 664–666 n.47 6522:, pp. 71, 95, 196. 5716:for subsequent events". 4269:Palestinian nationalism 4177:Palestinian nationalism 4081:Asbab Karithat Filastin 3798:, the founder of PLO's 3778:in Jerusalem. However, 3765:the Jordanian Civil War 3595:Ahmed Hilmi Abd al-Baqi 3523:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 3499:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 3458:Palestinian nationalism 3142:Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig 3016:Arbe concentration camp 2640:Al-Husseini arrived in 2636:In Nazi-occupied Europe 2601:extraterritorial asylum 2588:and Jews in Palestine. 2542:General Percival Wavell 2115:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 1667:Palestinian nationalism 1609:, and particularly the 1565:, the opposition). The 1361:Palestinian nationalism 558:Palestinian nationalism 423:Palestinian nationalism 14320:Islam and antisemitism 13643:1969 Libyan revolution 13521:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 13193:Quotations related to 13072:Zankel, Sönke (2006). 12971:Tschirgi, Dan (2004). 12575:Transaction Publishers 12516:Sela, Avraham (2002). 12463:Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. 12447:Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. 12423:Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. 12090:. Rutgers University. 11633:Middle Eastern Studies 11394:; Sacks, Alan (1997). 11254:Arab Studies Quarterly 11122:Lukitz, Liora (1995). 10988:Lepre, George (1997). 10348:Jbara, Taysir (1985). 10225:Höpp, Gerhard (2004). 10074:Holocaust Encyclopedia 10014:Great Britain (1930). 9729:Finkelstein, Norman G. 8750: 8612: 8606:in order to build the 7913: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7067:Lebor & Boyes 2000 6990: 6985: 6546:, pp. 105, 185ff. 6369: 4987: 4330: 4315: 4313:See Elizabeth Antébi, 4051: 3990: 3960: 3882:Klaus-Michael Mallmann 3871: 3788:Supreme Muslim Council 3698: 3693:, Amin al-Husayni and 3683:Sultan Pasha al-Atrash 3644: 3570: 3543:Following rumors that 3474:against the Zionists. 3393: 3381: 3234:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3218: 3145: 3126:incitement to genocide 3074: 3012: 3002: 2991: 2913: 2894: 2885: 2871: 2789: 2773: 2754: 2748: 2718:Joachim von Ribbentrop 2713: 2701: 2688: 2682: 2673:Nazi German Government 2664:, and referred him to 2628: 2451:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 2409: 2266:Palestine Police Force 2235: 2088:World Islamic Congress 2079: 1733: 1547:Supreme Muslim Council 1527:Supreme Muslim Council 1516:Hussam ad-Din Jarallah 1391:and the ideology of a 1164:Costume and embroidery 1106:Church of the Nativity 1096:Cave of the Patriarchs 1017:National Council (PNC) 1002:Gaza Strip governance 714:Islamic fundamentalism 602: 584:Al-Husseini's mentor, 562:antisemitism in Europe 503:1947 UN Partition Plan 413:as a supporter of the 397:. In 1912, he pursued 202:Supreme Muslim Council 194:Hussam ad-Din Jarallah 14380:People from Jerusalem 14201:Jordanian nationalism 13935:Arab Islamic Republic 13930:Arab Higher Committee 13807:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 13787:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 13598:North Yemen civil war 13531:Arab–Israeli conflict 13289:Tahir al-Abd al-Samad 13024:Geography of Identity 12567:Shay, Shaul (2009) . 12455:World Politics Review 12349:Schechtman, Joseph B. 12335:Schechtman, Joseph B. 12260:Hitchens, Christopher 12226:Said, Edward (1988). 12203:Sachar, Howard Morley 12179:Sachar, Howard Morley 12167:Sachar, Howard Morley 12115:Le Monde diplomatique 12063:Rose, Norman (1989). 11864:Peretz, Don (1994) . 11668:The National Archives 11469:Mojzes, Paul (2011). 10616:. London: Macmillan. 10441:Khalaf, Issa (1991). 10018:. Command paper 3530. 9958:Gonen, Rivka (2003). 9943:. London: Routledge. 9853:Gavish, Haya (2010). 9367:Browning, Christopher 9030:Le Monde diplomatique 7357:, p. 670, n.190. 6982: 5792:, p. 200 citing 5440:, pp. 42–70 and 4381:Ambiguous Partnership 4350:A Survey of Palestine 4042: 3967: 3956: 3923:Arab Higher Committee 3894:Wolfgang G. Schwanitz 3866: 3708:Husam Al-din Jarallah 3668: 3639: 3615:Arab Higher Committee 3565: 3483:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3426:The Nation Associates 3387: 3378: 3346:Arab Higher Committee 3213: 3139: 3069: 3007: 2996: 2986: 2904: 2897:Wolfgang G. Schwanitz 2889: 2862: 2759: 2739: 2711: 2677: 2616:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 2296:for two years, under 2276:that conveyed him to 2256:managed to escape to 2241:Lewis Yelland Andrews 2233: 2186:Arab Higher Committee 2111:Musa Kazim al-Husayni 2053: 1776:to the Government of 1748:state under a son of 1736:On 10 August 1928, a 1731: 1605:(Noble Sanctuary) or 1581:Arab Higher Committee 1481:, declared a general 1437:1921 Haifa conference 1433:Sykes-Picot Agreement 1413:Palestinian Authority 1343:Richard Meinertzhagen 1287:Arab Kingdom of Syria 901:Arab Higher Committee 751:With the outbreak of 583: 509:'s plan to annex the 415:Arab Kingdom of Syria 377:Husseini was born in 144:Arab Higher Committee 14365:Palestinian refugees 14236:Tunisian nationalism 14206:Lebanese nationalism 14166:Egyptian nationalism 14161:Algerian nationalism 14065:United Arab Republic 13940:Arab Liberation Army 13920:Arab Ba'ath Movement 13777:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 13380:From 1914–1918, the 13203:at passia.org (with 13185:at Wikimedia Commons 13006:. pp. 373–386. 12994:Wien, Peter (2016). 11818:Pappé, Ilan (2010). 10971:Simon & Schuster 10838:on 26 November 2012. 10805:A History of Zionism 9572:Davis, Erik (2005). 9408:Brynen, Rex (1990). 8575:Höpp & Wien 2010 7726:, p. 228, n.28. 7108:, pp. 789, 793. 6770:, p. 207, n.16. 6766:, pp. 280–281; 6462:, p. 676, n.53. 6396:Damascus 1999 p.96. 4589:, pp. 2–3, 6–7. 4115:حقائق عن قضية فلسطين 4003:Christopher Browning 3770:Al-Husseini died in 3749:United Arab Republic 3661:Exile from Palestine 2735:Christopher Browning 2697:Ernst von Weizsäcker 2605:occupation of Persia 2559:, and supported the 2300:surveillance in the 2124:al-jihad al-muqaddas 2092:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam 1738:constituent assembly 1719:1929 Palestine riots 1713:1929 Palestine riots 1509:Raghib al-Nashashibi 1444:Palestinian ideology 1381:Raghib al-Nashashibi 1274:Suriyya al-Janubiyya 1208:List of Palestinians 1116:Great Mosque of Gaza 907:Depopulated villages 586:Muhammad Rashid Rida 541:in 1964. He died in 519:Arab Liberation Army 431:1920 Nebi Musa riots 14226:Sahrawi nationalism 13583:1959 Mosul uprising 13516:Great Syrian Revolt 12827:. Ayer Publishing. 11626:on 28 October 2023. 11614:(20 October 2015). 11612:Netanyahu, Binyamin 11602:Formerly hosted at 11279:Middle East Journal 10996:Schiffer Publishing 9816:The Times of Israel 9761:. HarperPerennial. 9731:(17 October 2003). 9695:Finkelstein, Norman 9369:(22 October 2015). 9181:(21 October 2015). 9163:. The Lyons Press. 9097:The Times of Israel 8914:, pp. 217–221. 8874:The Times of Israel 8791:, pp. 102–103. 8779:, pp. 157–158. 8736:, pp. 239–240. 8550:, pp. 725–726. 8502:, pp. 227–228. 8490:, pp. 162–163. 8316:, pp. 167–169. 8142:, pp. 594–595. 8013:, pp. 301–301. 7953:, pp. 194–195. 7714:, pp. 184–185. 7702:, pp. 12, 310. 7603:, p. 747 n.33. 7417:, pp. 145–146. 7393:, pp. 154–155. 7132:, pp. 151–152. 7081:, pp. 217–220. 6953:, p. 151.check 6917:, pp. 151–152. 6890:, pp. 150–151. 6878:, pp. 187–188. 6842:, pp. 463–464. 6618:, pp. 100–102. 6534:, pp. 211–212. 6343:, pp. 184–186. 6289:, pp. 172–174. 6190:, pp. 269–270. 6038:, pp. 422–523. 6010:, pp. 200–201. 5983:, pp. 199–200. 5851:, pp. 175–176. 5768:, pp. 158–159. 5652:, pp. 168–169. 5444:, pp. 309–327. 5261:Milton-Edwards 1999 5085:, pp. 105–109. 5059:Milton-Edwards 1999 4951:, pp. 506–512. 4927:, pp. 334–337. 4887:, pp. 239–240. 4788:, pp. 147–148. 4733:, pp. 425–426. 4304:, pp. 119–120) 4290:British imperialism 3687:Mohamed Ali Eltaher 3525:, on 8 April 1948. 2981:concentration camps 2583:'s government, the 2445:Al-Husseini in Iraq 2326:White Paper of 1939 2272:where he boarded a 2098:of the al-Istiqlal 1803:Sir John Chancellor 1640:mosaic tessellation 1448:Mandatory Palestine 1302:Balfour Declaration 1266:al-Muntada al-Adabi 1246:Pan-Syrian Congress 806:Part of a series on 778:'s army during the 672:Al-Azhar University 666:In 1912 he studied 649:French missionaries 643:) where he learned 615:Mayors of Jerusalem 531:Egyptian-ruled Gaza 360:Mandatory Palestine 14335:Nazi propagandists 14325:Islam in Jerusalem 14231:Syrian nationalism 14211:Libyan nationalism 14171:Greater Mauritania 14087:The Arab Awakening 14070:United Arab States 14045:Rejectionist Front 13852:Gamal Abdel Nasser 13663:Yemeni unification 13653:Lebanese Civil War 13633:17 July Revolution 13603:Ramadan Revolution 13578:14 July Revolution 13307:Mustafa al-Husayni 12819:Storrs, Sir Ronald 12795:. Brill. pp.  12726:Stangneth, Bettina 12552:10.1111/jore.12119 12378:. Reaktion Books. 12158:The New York Times 12018:The Final Solution 11049:Simon and Schuster 10563:Kimmerling, Baruch 10283:. pp. 67–70. 10162:Hirszowicz, Lukasz 9463:Studies in Zionism 9265:Banking on Baghdad 9151:Bar-Zohar, Michael 7965:, pp. 247ff.. 5813:Great Britain 1930 5766:Great Britain 1930 5697:Particularly with 5640:, pp. 179ff.. 5533:al-Buraq al-Sharif 5502:Kupferschmidt 1987 5467:Kupferschmidt 1987 5403:, pp. 196ff.. 5361:Kupferschmidt 1987 5309:Kupferschmidt 1987 5131:Kupferschmidt 1987 4471:, pp. 734–735 4086:أسباب كارثة فلسطين 3994:Benjamin Netanyahu 3796:Ali Hassan Salameh 3699: 3591:Mufti of Jerusalem 3394: 3390:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3382: 3367:1948 Palestine war 3361:1948 Palestine war 3335:Muslim Brotherhood 3288:political prisoner 3204:Yugoslav partisans 3146: 3075: 3003: 2906:It is the duty of 2774: 2762:Azerbaijani Legion 2714: 2236: 2151:On 19 April 1936, 2080: 2004:Sir Herbert Samuel 1881:movement, despite 1853:(attended also by 1734: 1694:Abraham Isaac Kook 1505:Mayor of Jerusalem 1475:Sir Herbert Samuel 1470:Mufti of Jerusalem 1463:al-Ikha' wal-'Afaf 1425:Battle of Maysalun 1340:Lieutenant Colonel 1292:During the annual 623:Mufti of Jerusalem 603: 499:1948 Palestine war 14355:Palestinian imams 14300:Al-Husayni family 14262: 14261: 14191:Iraqi nationalism 13882:Constantin Zureiq 13732:Abdul Rahman Arif 13712:Butrus al-Bustani 13398: 13397: 13393: 13283:Hassan al-Husayni 13181:Media related to 13111:978-0-521-85096-4 13087:978-3-515-08979-1 13055:978-0-19-504523-9 13034:978-0-472-10672-1 13013:978-1-317-38321-5 12986:978-1-135-77121-8 12963:978-0-521-52900-6 12953:A history of Iraq 12942:978-0-8047-3615-2 12918:978-0-7146-4557-5 12897:978-0-7146-4557-5 12874:978-1-55728-763-2 12853:978-1-84792-323-3 12834:978-0-405-04593-6 12806:978-90-04-11914-7 12770:978-0-801-49275-4 12739:978-0-307-95016-1 12680:978-0-231-13215-2 12659:978-0-275-96638-6 12638:978-0-521-69934-1 12612:978-0-14-028870-4 12605:. Penguin Books. 12588:978-1-412-80931-3 12536:Sells, Michael A. 12527:978-0-8264-1413-7 12478:978-0-300-14090-3 12438:978-1-558-76298-5 12431:. Markus Wiener. 12385:978-1-86189-033-7 12364:978-0-935437-18-8 12326:978-0-19-829643-0 12305:978-0-87855-181-1 12277:978-0-86091-175-3 12218:978-0-375-71132-9 12194:978-0-394-46064-2 12143:978-0-300-14090-3 12097:978-0-8135-3568-5 12076:978-0-14-012230-5 12069:. Penguin Books. 12051:978-0-253-21082-1 12028:978-0-87668-951-6 12004:978-0-7146-4670-1 11983:978-0-13-089301-7 11896:League of Nations 11877:978-0-275-94576-3 11831:978-0-520-26839-5 11810:978-1-85043-819-9 11786:978-0-582-82320-4 11765:978-0-618-08232-2 11741:978-1-107-66481-4 11703:978-0-7658-0624-6 11575:978-0-679-74475-7 11551:978-0-300-12696-9 11527:978-0-19-829262-3 11503:978-0-8223-2814-8 11482:978-1-442-20665-6 11461:978-0-7864-7597-1 11438:978-0-8223-2814-8 11411:978-0-7618-0721-6 11378:on 25 August 2014 11335:978-1-845-11173-1 11314:978-0-231-06463-7 11240:978-3-534-19729-3 11216:978-1-936-27418-5 11192:978-3-534-18481-1 11164:978-0-199-20307-9 11139:978-0-714-64550-6 11114:978-1-4008-1023-9 11100:The Jews of Islam 11086:978-0-393-31839-5 11058:978-0-684-83280-7 11030:978-0-7146-3439-5 11005:978-0-7643-0134-6 10980:978-0-684-85811-1 10955:978-2-213-63358-9 10927:978-2-213-60349-0 10899:978-2-84406-388-5 10869:978-0-14-029713-3 10815:978-1-860-64932-5 10791:978-0-140-29713-3 10763:978-0-812-23847-1 10738:978-0-714-63169-1 10708:978-90-04-07929-8 10687:978-0-691-11897-0 10663:978-0-8156-5109-3 10642:978-1-7936-2761-2 10623:978-0-333-53995-8 10602:978-0-403-00079-1 10578:978-0-674-01129-8 10554:978-1-851-09842-2 10531:978-1-62779-854-9 10510:978-0-521-79476-3 10480:978-0-231-10695-5 10454:978-0-791-40708-0 10433:978-90-411-0341-3 10412:978-1-859-84561-5 10361:978-0-940670-21-1 10340:978-1-86064-172-5 10315:978-1-107-10320-7 10290:978-9-004-06167-5 10273:"Amin al-Husayni" 10263:978-9-004-18545-6 10240:978-1-558-76298-5 10217:978-0-199-32785-0 10196:978-1-84904-241-3 10177:978-0-8020-1398-9 10122:978-0-870-73326-0 10101:978-1-85109-841-5 10060:978-0-02-546705-7 10036:978-3-515-08979-1 9992:(24 March 2008). 9977:978-0-88125-798-4 9950:978-1-13400-963-3 9929:978-0-853-03844-3 9908:978-1-107-47077-4 9887:978-0-521-88835-6 9866:978-0-814-33366-2 9845:978-977-416-105-6 9819:. 21 October 2015 9802:978-1-56000-391-5 9768:978-1-84115-008-6 9744:978-1-78168-440-5 9716:978-0-520-24989-9 9686:978-0-19-928737-6 9654:978-0-714-63432-6 9630:978-1-136-29273-6 9609:978-88-06-59306-3 9585:978-0-520-23546-5 9564:978-0-8130-2421-9 9543:978-0-520-06598-7 9522:978-0-520-25989-8 9498:978-0-306-81539-3 9491:. Da Capo Press. 9419:978-0-8133-7919-7 9400:978-0-8032-5979-9 9358:978-1-300-34735-4 9336:Breitman, Richard 9327:978-1-57607-940-9 9308:978-0-914-15314-6 9280:978-0-471-67186-2 9231:978-0-520-20768-4 9216:Benvenisti, Meron 9207:978-0-521-19447-1 9170:978-1-58574-739-9 9142:978-0-253-21637-3 9069:978-0-810-86320-0 9008:978-0-86356-835-0 8989:978-1-429-93820-4 8965:978-1-612-51309-6 8579:Avigdor Lieberman 8229:, pp. 40–51. 8166:, pp. 65–75. 7809:, pp. 26–28. 7541:USHMM: al-Husayni 7519:, pp. 45–66. 7333:, pp. 43–44. 7268:, pp. 95–96. 7232:, pp. 27–28. 7219:, pp. 54–57. 6742:, pp. 10–12. 6646:, pp. 82–83. 6510:, pp. 86–87. 6498:, pp. 85–86. 6355:, pp. 20–22. 6238:, pp. 72–75. 5887:, pp. 75–76. 5455:Shukri al-Quwatli 5166:al-mufti al-akbar 5136:al-muftī al-akbar 5109:, pp. 111ff. 4913:High Commissioner 4649:, pp. 42–43. 4316:L'homme du Sérail 3829:Joseph Schechtman 3716:jihad al-muqaddas 3671:Shukri al-Quwatli 3632:to be disbanded. 3479:Egyptian military 3255:Arrest and flight 3109:Islam i Židovstvo 3072:Islam and Judaism 3048:Michael Bar-Zohar 3039:Palestinian Arabs 2530:Winston Churchill 2511:Jews of Palestine 2219:Foreign Minister 2194:High Commissioner 2074:philosopher from 1984:League of Nations 1800:High Commissioner 1479:High Commissioner 1397:southern province 1338:and British army 1242: 1241: 944:political parties 924:Fedayeen militias 727:and received the 698:War against Islam 621:, also served as 338:محمد أمين الحسيني 327: 326: 200:President of the 16:(Redirected from 14392: 14252: 14251: 14125:Eagle of Saladin 13832:Amin al-Husseini 13797:Faisal I of Iraq 13767:Sultan al-Atrash 13762:Mansur al-Atrash 13737:Abdul Salam Arif 13546:War of Attrition 13432:Arab nationalism 13425: 13418: 13411: 13402: 13401: 13379: 13313:M. 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Archived from 11599: 11586:(14 June 2011). 11579: 11555: 11531: 11507: 11486: 11465: 11446: 11443:Internet Archive 11426: 11415: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11374:. Archived from 11360: 11339: 11328:. I. B. Tauris. 11318: 11294: 11270: 11244: 11220: 11209:. Enigma Books. 11196: 11168: 11143: 11118: 11090: 11062: 11034: 11009: 10984: 10966:Surviving Hitler 10959: 10931: 10903: 10877: 10874:Internet Archive 10858:(6th ed.). 10857: 10839: 10819: 10795: 10767: 10742: 10712: 10691: 10667: 10646: 10627: 10606: 10582: 10558: 10535: 10514: 10484: 10458: 10437: 10416: 10392: 10390: 10388:10.12977/stor490 10365: 10344: 10319: 10294: 10267: 10244: 10221: 10200: 10181: 10157: 10145: 10139: 10126: 10105: 10082: 10064: 10040: 10019: 10010: 10008: 10006: 9985: 9982:Internet Archive 9965: 9954: 9933: 9912: 9891: 9870: 9849: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9806: 9785: 9772: 9748: 9724: 9721:Internet Archive 9704: 9690: 9666: 9658: 9634: 9613: 9594:De Felice, Renzo 9589: 9568: 9547: 9526: 9502: 9478: 9457: 9455: 9440: 9423: 9404: 9380: 9362: 9346: 9331: 9312: 9288: 9285:Internet Archive 9268: 9254: 9235: 9211: 9192: 9174: 9146: 9124: 9118: 9110: 9101: 9086: 9073: 9052: 9034: 9023:(14 May 2010a). 9016: 8993: 8969: 8939: 8933: 8927: 8921: 8915: 8909: 8903: 8897: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8743: 8737: 8731: 8725: 8719: 8713: 8710:Arafatian threat 8703: 8697: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8637: 8631: 8625: 8622:holocaust denial 8615: 8588: 8582: 8572: 8566: 8560: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8452: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8401: 8395: 8389: 8383: 8371: 8365: 8359: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8104: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8029: 8023: 8014: 8008: 8002: 7999:Biddiscombe 2018 7996: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7916: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7625: 7619: 7613: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7529:Finkelstein 2008 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7400: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7226: 7220: 7214: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7179: 7173: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7106:Biddiscombe 2018 7103: 7097: 7091: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7043: 7037: 7031: 7025: 7019: 7013: 7007: 6997: 6991: 6988: 6976: 6970: 6960: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6936: 6930: 6924: 6918: 6912: 6906: 6900: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6813: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6632:Stephen Longrigg 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6421: 6415: 6409: 6398: 6388: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6362: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6326: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6290: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6191: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6093: 6087: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5852: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5801: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5474: 5464: 5458: 5451: 5445: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5199:, pp. 32f.: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5174: 5168: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5138: 5128: 5122: 5121:, pp. 7–10. 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4841:, p. 409: " 4836: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4414: 4408: 4398: 4392: 4389:Finkelstein 2003 4377: 4371: 4370:, pp. 251–) 4364: 4358: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4311: 4305: 4261: 4255: 4242:, p. 156.) 4236:Islamic calendar 4229: 4171: 4169:Biography portal 4166: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4155:Palestine portal 4152: 4151: 4150: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4016:Quentin Reynolds 4011:Simon Wiesenthal 3942:David Ben-Gurion 3904:Alfred Rosenberg 3776:Haram ash-Sharif 3718: 3656: 3603:Jamal al-Husayni 3586:as its capital. 3320:David Ben-Gurion 3208:Austro-Hungarian 3193:ethnic cleansing 3083:Fawzi al-Qawuqji 2999:Heinrich Himmler 2966:little weight". 2925:Dieter Wisliceny 2917:Nuremberg trials 2881:Heinrich Himmler 2874: 2867:Holocaust denial 2858:Heinrich Himmler 2792: 2751: 2704: 2685: 2666:Benito Mussolini 2631: 2557:Al-Muthanna Club 2518:Pinhas Rutenberg 2516:On 23 May 1940, 2502:Jamal al-Husayni 2465:Second World War 2439:George Wadsworth 2420:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 2412: 2291: 2285: 2254:Jamal al-Husayni 2182:Benito Mussolini 2174:Palestine pounds 2168:, he controlled 2132: 2126: 2072:Arab nationalist 2060:Hashim al-Atassi 2036:Arab nationalist 2029: 1944:Jamal al-Husayni 1913: 1907: 1883:Pinhas Rutenberg 1855:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 1851:Zionist Congress 1766:Mughrabi quarter 1742:Awni Abd al-Hadi 1615:Dome of the Rock 1604: 1602:Haram ash-Sharif 1593:three holy sites 1570: 1564: 1558: 1493:Kamil al-Husayni 1465: 1459: 1318:Rashidiya school 1314:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 1277: 1269: 1261: 1259:Al-Nadi al-arabi 1234: 1227: 1220: 1179: 1111:Dome of the Rock 1005: 847: 846: 822: 803: 802: 772:Sherifian armies 683: 634: 619:Kamil al-Husayni 611:Tahir al-Husayni 451:Arab nationalism 395:Catholic schools 352:Arab nationalist 346: 343: 339: 309:Kingdom of Italy 278:Military service 264: 256:Post established 252: 243: 225:Post established 221: 212: 190: 182:Kamil al-Husayni 178: 169: 95: 92: 88: 77:, Ottoman Empire 71: 68: 46: 36:Amin al-Husseini 32: 31: 21: 14400: 14399: 14395: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14390: 14389: 14265: 14264: 14263: 14258: 14240: 14176:Greater Morocco 14149: 14145:Pan-Arab colors 14140:Hawk of Quraish 14106: 14074: 13925:Arab Federation 13886: 13872:Abdullah Rimawi 13847:Mostéfa Merarda 13802:Muammar Gaddafi 13782:Ahmed Ben Bella 13757:Jamal al-Atassi 13747:Bashar al-Assad 13698: 13667: 13648:Black September 13526:Anglo-Iraqi War 13470: 13434: 13429: 13399: 13394: 13373: 13324: 13268: 13263: 13211: 13173: 13128: 13123: 13121:Further reading 13118: 13112: 13088: 13056: 13035: 13014: 12987: 12964: 12943: 12919: 12898: 12875: 12854: 12835: 12807: 12771: 12740: 12681: 12660: 12639: 12613: 12589: 12528: 12505: 12479: 12439: 12386: 12365: 12327: 12306: 12278: 12262:, eds. (1988). 12240: 12219: 12195: 12144: 12120: 12118: 12108:(August 1994). 12098: 12077: 12052: 12029: 12005: 11984: 11936: 11935: 11878: 11840:Pearlman, Moshe 11832: 11811: 11803:. I.B. Tauris. 11787: 11766: 11742: 11704: 11696:. Transaction. 11680: 11678: 11674: 11663: 11576: 11552: 11528: 11504: 11483: 11462: 11439: 11412: 11381: 11379: 11371:Tablet Magazine 11336: 11315: 11241: 11217: 11193: 11165: 11140: 11115: 11087: 11059: 11031: 11006: 10981: 10956: 10928: 10900: 10870: 10844:Laqueur, Walter 10824:Laqueur, Walter 10816: 10800:Laqueur, Walter 10792: 10772:Laqueur, Walter 10764: 10739: 10709: 10688: 10664: 10643: 10624: 10603: 10579: 10555: 10541:"Anti-Semitism" 10532: 10511: 10489:Khalidi, Rashid 10481: 10463:Khalidi, Rashid 10455: 10434: 10413: 10362: 10341: 10316: 10291: 10264: 10241: 10218: 10197: 10178: 10137: 10131:Hershco, Tsilla 10123: 10115:. Transaction. 10102: 10061: 10037: 10004: 10002: 9978: 9951: 9930: 9909: 9888: 9867: 9846: 9822: 9820: 9803: 9769: 9745: 9717: 9701:Beyond Chutzpah 9687: 9655: 9631: 9610: 9586: 9565: 9544: 9523: 9499: 9483:Cesarani, David 9453: 9420: 9401: 9359: 9344: 9328: 9309: 9281: 9232: 9208: 9179:Beaumont, Peter 9171: 9143: 9112: 9111: 9070: 9039:Achcar, Gilbert 9021:Achcar, Gilbert 9009: 8990: 8974:Achcar, Gilbert 8966: 8947: 8942: 8934: 8930: 8922: 8918: 8910: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8871: 8867: 8859: 8855: 8847: 8843: 8835: 8831: 8823: 8819: 8811: 8807: 8799: 8795: 8787: 8783: 8775: 8771: 8763: 8759: 8744: 8740: 8732: 8728: 8720: 8716: 8704: 8700: 8692: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8668: 8664: 8656: 8652: 8644: 8640: 8632: 8628: 8613:progressivement 8604:Haram al-Sharif 8589: 8585: 8573: 8569: 8561: 8554: 8546: 8542: 8534: 8530: 8524:Schechtman 1965 8522: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8498: 8494: 8486: 8482: 8474: 8470: 8462: 8455: 8438: 8434: 8426: 8422: 8414: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8390: 8386: 8372: 8368: 8360: 8356: 8348: 8344: 8336: 8332: 8324: 8320: 8312: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8288: 8284: 8276: 8272: 8264: 8260: 8252: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8225: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8201: 8194: 8186: 8182: 8174: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8150: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8107: 8099: 8095: 8087: 8083: 8075: 8071: 8063: 8032: 8024: 8017: 8009: 8005: 7997: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7949: 7945: 7939:Tomasevich 2001 7937: 7933: 7925: 7921: 7914:Glaubensgedanke 7902:Ordnungsgedanke 7896:Familiengedanke 7889: 7885: 7879:Tomasevich 2001 7877: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7853: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7817: 7813: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7789: 7781: 7777: 7769: 7765: 7757: 7753: 7747:Tomasevich 2001 7742:, from Turkish 7734: 7730: 7722: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7688:Tomasevich 2001 7686: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7662: 7658: 7650: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7626: 7622: 7614: 7607: 7599: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7575: 7571: 7563: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7539: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7503: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7464: 7457: 7449: 7445: 7437: 7433: 7425: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7401: 7397: 7391:Schechtman 1965 7389: 7385: 7377: 7373: 7365: 7361: 7353: 7349: 7341: 7337: 7329: 7325: 7317: 7313: 7305: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7264: 7260: 7252: 7248: 7240: 7236: 7230:Reitlinger 1971 7227: 7223: 7215: 7208: 7200: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7164: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7140: 7136: 7128: 7124: 7116: 7112: 7104: 7100: 7092: 7085: 7077: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7046: 7038: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7014: 7010: 7000:Schechtman 1965 6998: 6994: 6977: 6973: 6961: 6957: 6949: 6945: 6937: 6933: 6925: 6921: 6913: 6909: 6901: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6850: 6846: 6838: 6834: 6826: 6822: 6814: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6790: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6762: 6758: 6754:, pp. 60–. 6750: 6746: 6738: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6714: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6690: 6686: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6644:Hirszowicz 1966 6642: 6638: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6602: 6598: 6590: 6586: 6578: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6554: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6530: 6526: 6518: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6446: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6422: 6418: 6410: 6401: 6389: 6382: 6378: 6363: 6359: 6351: 6347: 6339: 6335: 6327: 6320: 6314:Copeland, Miles 6312: 6308: 6300: 6293: 6285: 6281: 6273: 6269: 6261: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6210: 6206: 6198: 6194: 6186: 6182: 6174: 6170: 6162: 6158: 6150: 6146: 6138: 6134: 6126: 6122: 6116:Swedenburg 2003 6114: 6110: 6094: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6072:Fieldhouse 2006 6070: 6066: 6058: 6054: 6046: 6042: 6034: 6030: 6018: 6014: 6006: 5999: 5991: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5859: 5855: 5847: 5843: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5811: 5804: 5788: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5748: 5744: 5736: 5732: 5724: 5720: 5708: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5672: 5668: 5660: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5580: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5524: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5500:, p. 157: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5477: 5465: 5461: 5452: 5448: 5435: 5431: 5423: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5389:Benvenisti 1996 5387: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5195: 5191: 5183: 5179: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4983: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4925:Schechtman 1986 4923: 4919: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4846:Antonin Jaussen 4844:Selon Jaussen ( 4837: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4744: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4717: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4686: 4682: 4674: 4670: 4662: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4633: 4629: 4621: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4415: 4411: 4399: 4395: 4378: 4374: 4365: 4361: 4346: 4342: 4327: 4323: 4312: 4308: 4262: 4258: 4230: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4075: 3916: 3820: 3810:. According to 3808:Munich massacre 3800:Black September 3767:there in 1970. 3679:Fares al-Khoury 3663: 3607:Anwar Nusseibeh 3545:King Abdullah I 3541: 3529:Anwar Nusseibeh 3471: 3442:Joseph Goebbels 3438:Franz von Papen 3411:Alan Cunningham 3399: 3373: 3363: 3354: 3342:Georges Bidault 3294:Members of the 3257: 3252: 3178:, and the 23rd 3160:Bosnian Muslims 3134: 3091:Walter Winchell 3064: 3031:Operation ATLAS 3024: 2972: 2878:Reichsführer-SS 2869:... . His 2840: 2835: 2638: 2595:(together with 2569:Anglo-Iraqi War 2461: 2455:Anglo-Iraqi War 2447: 2385: 2365:Renzo De Felice 2348: 2342: 2314:Kingdom of Iraq 2247:members of the 2201:Arthur Wauchope 2196:for Palestine, 2149: 2143: 2048: 2000:Mr. Harry Snell 1988:The Shaw Report 1980: 1948:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 1916:Islam's prophet 1843:Frederick Kisch 1839: 1774:Chief Secretary 1726: 1721: 1715: 1632:Ernest Richmond 1589: 1577:British mandate 1501:Musa al-Husayni 1472: 1363:. According to 1238: 1177: 1044: 1026: 1003: 949: 903: 842: 841: 801: 790:. The post-war 749: 578: 465:and afterwards 344: 315: 311: 307: 299: 292: 262: 250: 244: 239: 219: 213: 208: 188: 176: 170: 165: 139:Political party 103: 97: 93: 78: 72: 69: 65: 64: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 18:Amin al-Husayni 15: 12: 11: 5: 14398: 14388: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14260: 14259: 14257: 14256: 14245: 14242: 14241: 14239: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14157: 14155: 14154:Related topics 14151: 14150: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14116: 14114: 14108: 14107: 14105: 14104: 14097: 14090: 14082: 14080: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14020:Islamic Legion 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13910:Al-Mourabitoun 13907: 13902: 13896: 13894: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13884: 13879: 13877:Hamdeen Sabahi 13874: 13869: 13867:Fuad al-Rikabi 13864: 13859: 13857:Adnan Pachachi 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13827:Saddam Hussein 13824: 13819: 13817:Sati' al-Husri 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13752:Hafez al-Assad 13749: 13744: 13742:Zaki al-Arsuzi 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13708: 13706: 13700: 13699: 13697: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13675: 13673: 13669: 13668: 13666: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13623:Aden Emergency 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13568:Iraqi Intifada 13565: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13553: 13551:Yom Kippur War 13548: 13543: 13538: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13512: 13511: 13501: 13496: 13495: 13494: 13484: 13478: 13476: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13446:Arab socialism 13442: 13440: 13436: 13435: 13428: 13427: 13420: 13413: 13405: 13396: 13395: 13386:As'ad Shukeiri 13382:Ottoman Empire 13378: 13375: 13374: 13372: 13371: 13370:(2006–present) 13365: 13359: 13353: 13347: 13341: 13338:A. al-Husseini 13334: 13332: 13326: 13325: 13323: 13322: 13316: 13310: 13304: 13298: 13292: 13286: 13279: 13277: 13270: 13269: 13262: 13261: 13254: 13247: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13219: 13208: 13198: 13186: 13172: 13171:External links 13169: 13168: 13167: 13154: 13141: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13110: 13092: 13086: 13069: 13060: 13054: 13039: 13033: 13018: 13012: 12991: 12985: 12968: 12962: 12947: 12941: 12923: 12917: 12902: 12896: 12879: 12873: 12858: 12852: 12839: 12833: 12815: 12805: 12779: 12769: 12744: 12738: 12722: 12685: 12679: 12664: 12658: 12643: 12637: 12617: 12611: 12593: 12587: 12564: 12546:(4): 723–759. 12532: 12526: 12513: 12503: 12483: 12477: 12459: 12449:(8 May 2008). 12443: 12437: 12419: 12401:(4): 485–505. 12390: 12384: 12369: 12363: 12345: 12343:. T. Yoseloff. 12331: 12325: 12310: 12304: 12286: 12276: 12252: 12238: 12223: 12217: 12199: 12193: 12175: 12163: 12148: 12142: 12127: 12102: 12096: 12081: 12075: 12060: 12050: 12033: 12027: 12009: 12003: 11988: 11982: 11964: 11949: 11908: 11882: 11876: 11861: 11850: 11836: 11830: 11815: 11809: 11791: 11785: 11770: 11764: 11746: 11740: 11727: 11708: 11702: 11687: 11657: 11628: 11608: 11607: 11606: 11580: 11574: 11556: 11550: 11532: 11526: 11508: 11502: 11487: 11481: 11466: 11460: 11447: 11437: 11416: 11410: 11388: 11361: 11351:(3): 317–333. 11340: 11334: 11319: 11313: 11299:Mattar, Philip 11295: 11285:(2): 227–240. 11275:Mattar, Philip 11271: 11261:(4): 267–281. 11249:Mattar, Philip 11245: 11239: 11221: 11215: 11197: 11191: 11169: 11163: 11144: 11138: 11119: 11113: 11095:Lewis, Bernard 11091: 11085: 11067:Lewis, Bernard 11063: 11057: 11039:Lewis, Bernard 11035: 11029: 11010: 11004: 10985: 10979: 10960: 10954: 10936:Laurens, Henry 10932: 10926: 10908:Laurens, Henry 10904: 10898: 10882:Laurens, Henry 10878: 10868: 10848:Rubin, Barry M 10840: 10820: 10814: 10796: 10790: 10768: 10762: 10743: 10737: 10713: 10707: 10692: 10686: 10672:Krämer, Gudrun 10668: 10662: 10647: 10641: 10628: 10622: 10607: 10601: 10583: 10577: 10559: 10553: 10536: 10530: 10515: 10509: 10485: 10479: 10459: 10453: 10438: 10432: 10417: 10411: 10393: 10366: 10360: 10345: 10339: 10320: 10314: 10295: 10289: 10268: 10262: 10245: 10239: 10222: 10216: 10201: 10195: 10182: 10176: 10158: 10146: 10133:(March 2006). 10127: 10121: 10106: 10100: 10083: 10065: 10059: 10045:Gutman, Israel 10041: 10035: 10020: 10011: 9986: 9976: 9955: 9949: 9934: 9928: 9913: 9907: 9892: 9886: 9871: 9865: 9850: 9844: 9829: 9807: 9801: 9786: 9773: 9767: 9749: 9743: 9725: 9715: 9691: 9685: 9667: 9659: 9653: 9635: 9629: 9614: 9608: 9590: 9584: 9569: 9563: 9548: 9542: 9527: 9521: 9503: 9497: 9479: 9458: 9441: 9424: 9418: 9405: 9399: 9381: 9376:Foreign Policy 9363: 9357: 9332: 9326: 9313: 9307: 9289: 9279: 9255: 9236: 9230: 9212: 9206: 9193: 9175: 9169: 9147: 9141: 9129:Arendt, Hannah 9125: 9102: 9087: 9074: 9068: 9053: 9035: 9017: 9007: 8994: 8988: 8970: 8964: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8940: 8928: 8926:, p. 158. 8916: 8904: 8902:, p. 736. 8892: 8890:, p. 728. 8880: 8865: 8853: 8841: 8829: 8817: 8813:Netanyahu 2015 8805: 8803:, p. 739. 8793: 8781: 8769: 8767:, p. 441. 8757: 8738: 8726: 8724:, p. 248. 8714: 8698: 8686: 8674: 8672:, p. 743. 8662: 8650: 8638: 8636:, p. 113. 8626: 8583: 8567: 8552: 8540: 8528: 8516: 8504: 8492: 8480: 8478:, p. 447. 8468: 8466:, p. 162. 8453: 8432: 8420: 8418:, p. 694. 8408: 8406:, p. 308. 8396: 8384: 8374:Oliver Stanley 8366: 8354: 8352:, p. 237. 8342: 8340:, p. 257. 8330: 8318: 8306: 8294: 8290:Gallagher 2007 8282: 8280:, p. 464. 8270: 8268:, p. 294. 8258: 8243: 8231: 8219: 8207: 8205:, p. 198. 8203:Levenberg 1993 8192: 8190:, p. 106. 8180: 8168: 8156: 8144: 8132: 8130:, p. 107. 8120: 8118:, p. 549. 8105: 8093: 8081: 8069: 8030: 8028:, p. 446. 8015: 8011:Mackenzie 2006 8003: 8001:, p. 794. 7991: 7989:, p. 303. 7979: 7977:, p. 257. 7967: 7955: 7943: 7941:, p. 499. 7931: 7929:, p. 135. 7919: 7883: 7871: 7869:, p. 125. 7859: 7847: 7835: 7833:, p. 313. 7823: 7811: 7799: 7787: 7775: 7763: 7751: 7728: 7716: 7704: 7692: 7690:, p. 496. 7680: 7668: 7666:, p. 439. 7656: 7654:, p. 214. 7644: 7642:, p. 143. 7632: 7620: 7618:, p. 231. 7605: 7593: 7581: 7569: 7567:, p. 317. 7557: 7545: 7533: 7531:, p. 322. 7521: 7509: 7507:, p. 201. 7494: 7482: 7470: 7455: 7443: 7441:, p. 311. 7431: 7419: 7407: 7405:, p. 148. 7395: 7383: 7381:, p. 102. 7371: 7369:, p. 504. 7359: 7347: 7345:, p. 730. 7335: 7331:Stangneth 2015 7323: 7321:, p. 156. 7311: 7294: 7282: 7270: 7258: 7256:, p. 596. 7246: 7244:, p. 738. 7234: 7221: 7206: 7204:, p. 263. 7194: 7191: 7187: 7174: 7158: 7156:, p. 157. 7146: 7144:, p. 469. 7134: 7122: 7120:, p. 160. 7110: 7098: 7096:, p. 726. 7083: 7079:Schwanitz 2004 7071: 7069:, p. 230. 7059: 7057:, p. 376. 7044: 7042:, p. 119. 7032: 7020: 7018:, p. 468. 7008: 6992: 6981:, p. 310 6971: 6969:, p. 310. 6955: 6943: 6941:, p. 152. 6931: 6929:, p. 463. 6919: 6907: 6905:, p. 190. 6892: 6880: 6868: 6866:, p. 247. 6864:De Felice 1990 6856: 6854:, p. 442. 6844: 6832: 6830:, p. 105. 6820: 6818:, p. 239. 6808: 6796: 6784: 6782:, p. 281. 6772: 6756: 6744: 6732: 6730:, p. 280. 6720: 6718:, p. 274. 6708: 6696: 6694:, p. 275. 6684: 6672: 6670:, p. 273. 6660: 6658:, p. 131. 6648: 6636: 6620: 6608: 6596: 6584: 6572: 6560: 6558:, p. 239. 6548: 6536: 6532:De Felice 1990 6524: 6512: 6500: 6488: 6486:, p. 250. 6476: 6464: 6452: 6450:, p. 276. 6440: 6428: 6426:, p. 106. 6416: 6414:, p. 271. 6399: 6376: 6365:De Felice 1990 6357: 6345: 6333: 6331:, p. 277. 6318: 6306: 6304:, p. 259. 6291: 6279: 6267: 6252: 6240: 6228: 6226:, p. 159. 6216: 6214:, p. 716. 6204: 6192: 6180: 6168: 6166:, p. 269. 6156: 6154:, p. 171. 6144: 6142:, p. 270. 6132: 6130:, p. 374. 6120: 6108: 6088: 6076: 6074:, p. 169. 6064: 6052: 6050:, p. 332. 6040: 6028: 6024:Levenberg 1993 6022:, p. 373: 6012: 5997: 5985: 5973: 5971:, p. 210. 5969:De Felice 1990 5961: 5957:De Felice 1990 5949: 5947:, p. 376. 5937: 5925: 5913: 5901: 5899:, p. 144. 5889: 5877: 5865: 5853: 5841: 5829: 5817: 5815:, p. 172. 5802: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5742: 5730: 5718: 5702: 5690: 5678: 5676:, p. 230. 5666: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5618: 5606: 5594: 5586:ritual dancing 5574: 5562: 5560:, p. 141. 5550: 5548:, p. 225. 5527:Lajnat al-Difa 5518: 5506: 5490: 5475: 5459: 5446: 5429: 5417: 5405: 5393: 5381: 5369: 5353: 5341: 5325: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5287:, p. 111. 5277: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5217: 5205: 5189: 5177: 5153: 5141: 5123: 5111: 5099: 5097:, p. 142. 5087: 5075: 5063: 5051: 5039: 5021: 5009: 5007:, p. 102. 4997: 4995:, p. 506. 4977: 4965: 4963:, p. 140. 4953: 4941: 4929: 4917: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4853: 4831: 4819: 4802: 4800:, p. 131. 4790: 4778: 4776:, p. 219; 4762: 4750: 4748:, p. 467. 4735: 4723: 4721:, p. 219. 4708: 4706:, p. 425. 4696: 4680: 4668: 4666:, p. 725. 4651: 4639: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4601:, p. 232. 4591: 4579: 4567: 4555: 4553:, p. 290. 4543: 4541:, p. 134. 4531: 4529:, p. 497. 4519: 4517:, p. 140. 4507: 4505:, p. 360. 4494: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4473: 4465:Adolf Eichmann 4409: 4401:Schwanitz 2008 4393: 4372: 4359: 4340: 4338:, p. 495) 4321: 4306: 4294:Pierre Gemayel 4284:leader of the 4256: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4158: 4144: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4104: 4089: 4074: 4071: 4060:in 2021, told 4038:Gilbert Achcar 3944:, and even to 3938:Chaim Weizmann 3915: 3912: 3874:Walter Laqueur 3825:Moshe Pearlman 3819: 3816: 3691:Nazim al-Qudsi 3675:Sabri al-Asali 3662: 3659: 3599:Prime Minister 3540: 3537: 3470: 3467: 3430:Freda Kirchwey 3398: 3395: 3362: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3133: 3130: 3063: 3060: 3023: 3020: 2971: 2968: 2937:Rudolf Kastner 2921:Adolf Eichmann 2854:Gilbert Achcar 2848:Final Solution 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2810:Prime Minister 2637: 2634: 2534:Foreign Office 2522:Bruce Lockhart 2506:Musa al-'Alami 2498:S. F. Newcombe 2446: 2443: 2435:Czechoslovakia 2410:Englandpolitik 2384: 2381: 2359:victim of the 2344:Main article: 2341: 2338: 2190:general strike 2145:Main article: 2142: 2139: 2047: 2044: 1979: 1976: 1931:anti-Hashemite 1911:mawsin al-nabi 1900:flag of Israel 1838: 1835: 1725: 1722: 1717:Main article: 1714: 1711: 1692:of Palestine, 1656:iron-mongering 1611:Al-Aqsa Mosque 1588: 1585: 1471: 1468: 1377:Colonel Storrs 1365:Sir Louis Bols 1354:Chief of Staff 1336:Chaim Weizmann 1326:East Jerusalem 1240: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1222: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1058:East Jerusalem 1055: 1050: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1012: 999: 998: 997: 992: 987: 977: 972: 967: 962: 956: 955: 948: 947: 939: 938: 933: 928: 927: 926: 921: 911: 910: 909: 897: 896: 888: 887: 881: 880: 879: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 839: 831: 830: 824: 823: 815: 814: 808: 807: 800: 797: 748: 745: 741:Constantinople 729:honorary title 694:Westernization 600:Western ideals 577: 574: 491:end of the war 441:appointed him 435:Herbert Samuel 383:Ottoman Empire 325: 324: 321: 320: 317: 316: 314: 313: 301: 297:United Kingdom 294: 290:Ottoman Empire 286: 284: 280: 279: 275: 274: 271: 270: 268:Post disbanded 265: 259: 258: 253: 247: 246: 236: 235: 228: 227: 222: 216: 215: 205: 204: 197: 196: 191: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 162: 161: 155: 154: 151: 150: 147: 146: 141: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 98: 84: 80: 79: 73: 62: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14397: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14272: 14270: 14255: 14247: 14246: 14243: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14186:Greater Yemen 14184: 14182: 14181:Greater Syria 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14158: 14156: 14152: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14117: 14115: 14113: 14109: 14103: 14102: 14098: 14096: 14095: 14091: 14089: 14088: 14084: 14083: 14081: 14077: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13893: 13892:Organizations 13889: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13812:George Habash 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13792:Izzat Darwaza 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13727:Yasser Arafat 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13705: 13704:Personalities 13701: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13679:Arab identity 13677: 13676: 13674: 13670: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13593:Arab Cold War 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13533: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13506: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13473: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13426: 13421: 13419: 13414: 13412: 13407: 13406: 13403: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13376: 13369: 13366: 13363: 13360: 13357: 13354: 13351: 13348: 13345: 13342: 13339: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13331: 13327: 13320: 13319:K. al-Husayni 13317: 13314: 13311: 13308: 13305: 13302: 13299: 13296: 13293: 13290: 13287: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13271: 13267: 13260: 13255: 13253: 13248: 13246: 13241: 13240: 13237: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13214: 13209: 13206: 13202: 13199: 13196: 13191: 13187: 13184: 13179: 13175: 13174: 13166: 13165: 13159: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13146: 13145:Philip Mattar 13142: 13134: 13130: 13129: 13113: 13107: 13103: 13102: 13097: 13096:Zertal, Idith 13093: 13089: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13070: 13066: 13061: 13057: 13051: 13047: 13046: 13040: 13036: 13030: 13026: 13025: 13019: 13015: 13009: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12992: 12988: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12969: 12965: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12948: 12944: 12938: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12914: 12911:. Routledge. 12910: 12909: 12903: 12899: 12893: 12890:. Routledge. 12889: 12885: 12880: 12876: 12870: 12866: 12865: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12845: 12840: 12836: 12830: 12826: 12825: 12820: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12793: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12762: 12758: 12753: 12752: 12745: 12741: 12735: 12731: 12727: 12723: 12719: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12703: 12699: 12695: 12691: 12686: 12682: 12676: 12672: 12671: 12665: 12661: 12655: 12651: 12650: 12644: 12640: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12608: 12604: 12603: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12571: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12529: 12523: 12519: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12504:0-8050-6587-3 12500: 12497:. Owl Books. 12495: 12494: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12474: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12434: 12430: 12429: 12424: 12420: 12416: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12391: 12387: 12381: 12377: 12376: 12370: 12366: 12360: 12356: 12355: 12350: 12346: 12342: 12341: 12336: 12332: 12328: 12322: 12318: 12317: 12311: 12307: 12301: 12297: 12296: 12291: 12290:Samuel, Edwin 12287: 12283: 12279: 12273: 12268: 12267: 12261: 12257: 12253: 12250: 12245: 12241: 12239:1-85984-340-9 12235: 12231: 12230: 12224: 12220: 12214: 12210: 12209: 12204: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12176: 12172: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12145: 12139: 12135: 12134: 12128: 12117: 12116: 12111: 12107: 12106:Rouleau, Éric 12103: 12099: 12093: 12089: 12088: 12082: 12078: 12072: 12068: 12067: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12047: 12042: 12041: 12034: 12030: 12024: 12020: 12019: 12014: 12010: 12006: 12000: 11997:. Routledge. 11996: 11995: 11989: 11985: 11979: 11975: 11974: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11946: 11940: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11919: 11918:World Affairs 11914: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11893: 11892: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11873: 11869: 11868: 11862: 11858: 11857: 11851: 11848:. V Gollancz. 11847: 11846: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11827: 11823: 11822: 11816: 11812: 11806: 11802: 11801: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11782: 11778: 11777: 11771: 11767: 11761: 11757: 11756: 11751: 11750:Novick, Peter 11747: 11743: 11737: 11733: 11728: 11724: 11720: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11705: 11699: 11695: 11694: 11688: 11673: 11670:. July 2001. 11669: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11629: 11625: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11589: 11585: 11584:Morris, Benny 11581: 11577: 11571: 11567: 11566: 11561: 11560:Morris, Benny 11557: 11553: 11547: 11543: 11542: 11537: 11536:Morris, Benny 11533: 11529: 11523: 11519: 11518: 11513: 11512:Morris, Benny 11509: 11505: 11499: 11495: 11494: 11488: 11484: 11478: 11474: 11473: 11467: 11463: 11457: 11453: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11434: 11430: 11425: 11424: 11417: 11413: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11398: 11393: 11392:Milstein, Uri 11389: 11377: 11373: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11341: 11337: 11331: 11327: 11326: 11320: 11316: 11310: 11306: 11305: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11255: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11236: 11232: 11231: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11212: 11208: 11207: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11179: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11160: 11156: 11152: 11151: 11145: 11141: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11126: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11101: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11064: 11060: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11045: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11017: 11011: 11007: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10992: 10986: 10982: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10967: 10961: 10957: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10923: 10919: 10915: 10914: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10865: 10861: 10860:Penguin Books 10856: 10855: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10817: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10787: 10783: 10782:Penguin Books 10779: 10778: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10759: 10755: 10751: 10750: 10744: 10740: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10717:Lachman, Shai 10714: 10710: 10704: 10700: 10699: 10693: 10689: 10683: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10659: 10655: 10654: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10634: 10629: 10625: 10619: 10615: 10614: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10584: 10580: 10574: 10570: 10569: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10523: 10522: 10516: 10512: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10450: 10446: 10445: 10439: 10435: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10418: 10414: 10408: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10367: 10363: 10357: 10353: 10352: 10346: 10342: 10336: 10332: 10328: 10327: 10321: 10317: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10302: 10296: 10292: 10286: 10282: 10281:Brill Archive 10278: 10274: 10269: 10265: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10246: 10242: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10209: 10208: 10202: 10198: 10192: 10188: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10169: 10168: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10150:Hilberg, Raul 10147: 10143: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10107: 10103: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10075: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10056: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10032: 10028: 10027: 10021: 10017: 10012: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9994:"Shadowplays" 9991: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9969: 9964: 9963: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9942: 9941: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9921: 9920: 9914: 9910: 9904: 9900: 9899: 9893: 9889: 9883: 9879: 9878: 9872: 9868: 9862: 9858: 9857: 9851: 9847: 9841: 9837: 9836: 9830: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9798: 9794: 9793: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9774: 9770: 9764: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9750: 9746: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9708: 9703: 9702: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9650: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9636: 9632: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9615: 9611: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9577: 9576: 9570: 9566: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9549: 9545: 9539: 9535: 9534: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9514: 9513: 9508: 9507:Cohen, Hillel 9504: 9500: 9494: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9459: 9452: 9451: 9446: 9445:Carpi, Daniel 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9425: 9421: 9415: 9411: 9406: 9402: 9396: 9392: 9391: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9354: 9350: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9319: 9314: 9310: 9304: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9272: 9267: 9266: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9223: 9222: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9203: 9199: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9166: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9108: 9103: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9061: 9060: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9010: 9004: 9000: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8937: 8932: 8925: 8920: 8913: 8908: 8901: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8877: 8875: 8869: 8862: 8861:Browning 2015 8857: 8850: 8845: 8838: 8833: 8826: 8825:Beaumont 2015 8821: 8814: 8809: 8802: 8797: 8790: 8785: 8778: 8773: 8766: 8761: 8753: 8747: 8742: 8735: 8730: 8723: 8718: 8711: 8707: 8702: 8695: 8690: 8683: 8678: 8671: 8666: 8660:, p. 51. 8659: 8654: 8648:, p. 73. 8647: 8642: 8635: 8630: 8623: 8619: 8614: 8610:. Gradually ( 8609: 8605: 8600: 8599:Albert Antébi 8596: 8592: 8587: 8580: 8576: 8571: 8564: 8559: 8557: 8549: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8525: 8520: 8513: 8512:Pearlman 1947 8508: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8484: 8477: 8472: 8465: 8460: 8458: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8436: 8430:, p. 57. 8429: 8424: 8417: 8412: 8405: 8400: 8394:, p. 98. 8393: 8388: 8382: 8379: 8375: 8370: 8364:, p. 48. 8363: 8358: 8351: 8346: 8339: 8334: 8328:, p. 20. 8327: 8322: 8315: 8310: 8304:, p. 99. 8303: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8279: 8274: 8267: 8262: 8255: 8250: 8248: 8241:, p. 97. 8240: 8235: 8228: 8223: 8217:, p. 14. 8216: 8211: 8204: 8199: 8197: 8189: 8184: 8178:, p. 30. 8177: 8172: 8165: 8160: 8153: 8148: 8141: 8136: 8129: 8124: 8117: 8112: 8110: 8102: 8097: 8090: 8085: 8079:, p. 21. 8078: 8073: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8027: 8022: 8020: 8012: 8007: 8000: 7995: 7988: 7983: 7976: 7971: 7964: 7959: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7935: 7928: 7923: 7915: 7909: 7908:Fũhrergedanke 7903: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7880: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7857:, p. 75. 7856: 7851: 7845:, p. 33. 7844: 7839: 7832: 7827: 7821:, p. 34. 7820: 7815: 7808: 7803: 7796: 7791: 7784: 7779: 7772: 7767: 7761:, p. 78. 7760: 7755: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7732: 7725: 7720: 7713: 7708: 7701: 7696: 7689: 7684: 7678:, p. 53. 7677: 7672: 7665: 7660: 7653: 7648: 7641: 7640:Stillman 2000 7636: 7630:, p. 51. 7629: 7628:Pearlman 1947 7624: 7617: 7612: 7610: 7602: 7597: 7591:, p. 33. 7590: 7585: 7578: 7573: 7566: 7561: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7530: 7525: 7518: 7513: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7492:, p. 15. 7491: 7486: 7479: 7478:Fountain 2001 7474: 7468:, p. 19. 7467: 7462: 7460: 7453:, p. 68. 7452: 7447: 7440: 7435: 7429:, p. 39. 7428: 7423: 7416: 7411: 7404: 7399: 7392: 7387: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7363: 7356: 7351: 7344: 7339: 7332: 7327: 7320: 7315: 7308: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7291: 7290:Landsman 2005 7286: 7280:, p. 13. 7279: 7274: 7267: 7266:Landsman 2005 7262: 7255: 7254:Pearlman 1963 7250: 7243: 7238: 7231: 7225: 7218: 7217:Cesarani 2007 7213: 7211: 7203: 7202:Cesarani 2007 7198: 7189: 7185: 7183: 7178: 7171: 7167: 7162: 7155: 7150: 7143: 7138: 7131: 7126: 7119: 7114: 7107: 7102: 7095: 7090: 7088: 7080: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7049: 7041: 7040:Gensicke 2011 7036: 7029: 7024: 7017: 7012: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6987: 6980: 6979:Yisraeli 1974 6975: 6968: 6967:Yisraeli 1974 6964: 6963:Browning 2007 6959: 6952: 6947: 6940: 6935: 6928: 6923: 6916: 6911: 6904: 6899: 6897: 6889: 6884: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6860: 6853: 6848: 6841: 6836: 6829: 6824: 6817: 6812: 6806:, p. 96. 6805: 6800: 6794:, p. 70. 6793: 6788: 6781: 6776: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6753: 6748: 6741: 6736: 6729: 6724: 6717: 6712: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6676: 6669: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6633: 6629: 6624: 6617: 6612: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6588: 6581: 6576: 6570:, p. 99. 6569: 6564: 6557: 6556:Davidson 2001 6552: 6545: 6540: 6533: 6528: 6521: 6516: 6509: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6444: 6437: 6432: 6425: 6420: 6413: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6397: 6395: 6380: 6372: 6366: 6361: 6354: 6349: 6342: 6337: 6330: 6325: 6323: 6315: 6310: 6303: 6298: 6296: 6288: 6283: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6257: 6250:, p. 52. 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6213: 6208: 6201: 6196: 6189: 6184: 6177: 6172: 6165: 6160: 6153: 6148: 6141: 6136: 6129: 6124: 6118:, p. 87. 6117: 6112: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6092: 6085: 6080: 6073: 6068: 6062:, p. 83. 6061: 6056: 6049: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6009: 6004: 6002: 5995:, p. 73. 5994: 5989: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5875:, p. 16. 5874: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5850: 5845: 5838: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5814: 5809: 5807: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5786: 5779: 5774: 5767: 5762: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5739: 5734: 5727: 5722: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5687: 5682: 5675: 5670: 5663: 5658: 5651: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5578: 5571: 5566: 5559: 5554: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5516:, p. 71. 5515: 5514:Ovendale 2004 5510: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5487: 5482: 5480: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5450: 5443: 5439: 5438:Kolinsky 1993 5433: 5426: 5421: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5379:, p. 77. 5378: 5373: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5298: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5274: 5273:Robinson 1997 5269: 5263:, p. 38. 5262: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5227:, p. 32. 5226: 5225:Matthews 2006 5221: 5214: 5213:Matthews 2006 5209: 5203:, p. 48. 5202: 5198: 5193: 5187:, p. 69. 5186: 5181: 5173: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5095:Ghandour 2009 5091: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4989: 4988:prémeditation 4981: 4974: 4969: 4962: 4957: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4885:Friedman 2000 4881: 4875:, p. 35. 4874: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4847: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4823: 4817:, p. 31. 4816: 4815:Matthews 2006 4811: 4809: 4807: 4799: 4794: 4787: 4782: 4775: 4772:, p. 33 4771: 4766: 4759: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4732: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4700: 4693: 4690:, p. 6; 4689: 4684: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4648: 4643: 4636: 4631: 4624: 4623:Tschirgi 2004 4619: 4613:, p. 53. 4612: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4539:Mitchell 2013 4535: 4528: 4527:Blamires 2006 4523: 4516: 4515:Ghandour 2009 4511: 4504: 4499: 4495: 4482: 4477: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461:Samir Shammai 4457: 4456:Latin America 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4418:Jewish Agency 4413: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4391:, p. 25) 4390: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4369: 4363: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4273:anti-Semitism 4270: 4266: 4260: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4219: 4203: 4202:Alimjan Idris 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4159: 4156: 4145: 4142: 4131: 4120: 4110: 4105: 4095: 4090: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3966: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3947: 3946:Theodor Herzl 3943: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3929:Philip Mattar 3926: 3924: 3920: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3886:Michael Sells 3883: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3834: 3833:Philip Mattar 3830: 3826: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3731:from Jordan. 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3626:Holy War Army 3623: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3553:Jewish Agency 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3533:Holy War Army 3530: 3526: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3505:district and 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3491:Holy War Army 3488: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3391: 3386: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3317: 3316:Moshe Sharett 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3296:Jewish Agency 3292: 3289: 3285: 3284:war criminals 3280: 3276: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3247: 3244: 3239: 3238:Volksdeutsche 3235: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3143: 3138: 3129: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3113:Abu Khurreira 3110: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3019: 3017: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2967: 2964: 2963:Bernard Lewis 2959: 2958:Rafael Medoff 2955: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2946:Hannah Arendt 2943: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2923:'s deputies, 2922: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2833:The Holocaust 2830: 2828: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2684: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2481:quadrumvirate 2478: 2473: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2389:Philip Mattar 2380: 2376: 2374: 2373:Philip Mattar 2370: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2274:tramp steamer 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166:Fascist Italy 2162: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2131: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2068:Shakib Arslan 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2043: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2032:Izzat Darwaza 2028: 2027: 2021: 2017: 2016:Lord Melchett 2012: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1906: 1901: 1898:, waving the 1897: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1849:for the 16th 1848: 1844: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1730: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:Jewish Agency 1569: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1536:Jewish Agency 1533: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1467: 1464: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:Greater Syria 1390: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1347:Field-marshal 1344: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1216: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1136:Rachel's Tomb 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1121:Joseph's Tomb 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1000: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 981: 978: 976: 975:Islamic Jihad 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 954: 951: 950: 945: 941: 940: 937: 934: 932: 929: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 912: 908: 905: 904: 902: 899: 898: 895: 892: 891: 890: 889: 886: 883: 882: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 845: 840: 838: 835: 834: 833: 832: 829: 826: 825: 821: 817: 816: 813: 810: 809: 805: 804: 796: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 762: 758: 754: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 661:Albert Antébi 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 601: 597: 594: 591: 587: 582: 573: 572:cooperation. 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:Holy War Army 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 471:Fascist Italy 468: 464: 460: 455: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 421:to a form of 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 350: 335: 331: 322: 318: 310: 305: 302: 298: 295: 291: 288: 287: 285: 281: 276: 272: 269: 266: 260: 257: 254: 248: 242: 237: 234: 233:All-Palestine 231:President of 229: 226: 223: 217: 211: 206: 203: 198: 195: 192: 186: 183: 180: 174: 168: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 142: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 123: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 101: 85: 81: 76: 61: 57: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 14280:1890s births 14221:Pan-Islamism 14099: 14092: 14085: 13985:Ba'ath Party 13862:Ameen Rihani 13831: 13722:Jassem Alwan 13717:Michel Aflaq 13573:Algerian War 13499:Iraqi Revolt 13337: 13330:Grand Muftis 13315:(1860s–1908) 13309:(1856–1860s) 13197:at Wikiquote 13161: 13148: 13132: 13100: 13077: 13064: 13044: 13023: 12999: 12976: 12952: 12931: 12907: 12887: 12863: 12843: 12823: 12809:– via 12791: 12773:– via 12750: 12729: 12697: 12693: 12669: 12648: 12628: 12601: 12569: 12543: 12539: 12517: 12507:– via 12492: 12466: 12454: 12427: 12398: 12394: 12374: 12357:. SP Books. 12353: 12339: 12315: 12294: 12280:– via 12265: 12256:Said, Edward 12247: 12242:– via 12228: 12207: 12183: 12170: 12156: 12132: 12121:16 September 12119:. Retrieved 12113: 12086: 12065: 12054:– via 12039: 12017: 11993: 11972: 11968:Rees, Philip 11957: 11939:cite journal 11922: 11916: 11900:the original 11890: 11866: 11855: 11844: 11820: 11799: 11775: 11754: 11731: 11717: 11692: 11679:. Retrieved 11636: 11632: 11624:the original 11594:– via 11564: 11540: 11516: 11492: 11471: 11451: 11441:– via 11422: 11396: 11380:. Retrieved 11376:the original 11369: 11348: 11344: 11324: 11303: 11282: 11278: 11258: 11252: 11229: 11205: 11182: 11177: 11149: 11124: 11099: 11071: 11043: 11015: 10990: 10965: 10940: 10912: 10885: 10872:– via 10853: 10836:the original 10831: 10804: 10776: 10748: 10724: 10697: 10676: 10652: 10632: 10612: 10591: 10567: 10544: 10520: 10500: 10470: 10443: 10422: 10401: 10397:Karmi, Ghada 10378: 10375:Storicamente 10374: 10350: 10325: 10300: 10276: 10253: 10230: 10206: 10186: 10166: 10153: 10142:Controverses 10141: 10111: 10091: 10072: 10049: 10025: 10015: 10005:15 September 10003:. Retrieved 9997: 9990:Gordon, Neve 9980:– via 9961: 9939: 9918: 9897: 9876: 9855: 9834: 9821:. Retrieved 9814: 9791: 9757: 9753:Fisk, Robert 9733: 9719:– via 9700: 9675: 9643: 9639:Elpeleg, Zvi 9619: 9598: 9574: 9553: 9532: 9511: 9487: 9466: 9462: 9449: 9432: 9409: 9389: 9374: 9340: 9317: 9297: 9293:Black, Edwin 9283:– via 9264: 9259:Black, Edwin 9250: 9244: 9220: 9197: 9188:The Guardian 9186: 9159: 9155:Haber, Eitan 9132: 9106: 9095: 9082: 9058: 9051:(in French). 9046: 9028: 9012: 8998: 8978: 8954: 8931: 8924:Achcar 2010b 8919: 8907: 8895: 8883: 8873: 8868: 8856: 8849:Rudoren 2015 8844: 8832: 8820: 8808: 8796: 8784: 8772: 8760: 8746:Rouleau 1994 8741: 8729: 8717: 8701: 8696:, 43:24 min. 8689: 8677: 8665: 8653: 8646:Elpeleg 2007 8641: 8629: 8608:Third Temple 8591:Laurens 2002 8586: 8570: 8563:Rouleau 1994 8543: 8531: 8526:, p. ?. 8519: 8507: 8495: 8488:Achcar 2010b 8483: 8471: 8464:Achcar 2010b 8435: 8423: 8416:Laurens 2007 8411: 8404:Laurens 2007 8399: 8392:Elpeleg 2007 8387: 8369: 8362:Elpeleg 2007 8357: 8345: 8333: 8321: 8314:Laurens 2007 8309: 8297: 8285: 8273: 8261: 8234: 8227:Budeiri 2001 8222: 8210: 8188:Elpeleg 2007 8183: 8171: 8159: 8147: 8140:Laurens 2002 8135: 8123: 8116:Laurens 2002 8096: 8089:Hilberg 1973 8084: 8072: 8065:Hershco 2006 8006: 7994: 7982: 7970: 7958: 7946: 7934: 7922: 7886: 7874: 7862: 7850: 7838: 7826: 7814: 7802: 7790: 7778: 7766: 7754: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7719: 7707: 7695: 7683: 7671: 7659: 7647: 7635: 7623: 7596: 7584: 7577:Achcar 2010a 7572: 7560: 7548: 7536: 7524: 7512: 7485: 7473: 7451:Elpeleg 2007 7446: 7434: 7422: 7415:Achcar 2010b 7410: 7403:Achcar 2010b 7398: 7386: 7374: 7367:Hilberg 1973 7362: 7355:Laurens 2002 7350: 7338: 7326: 7314: 7309:, p. ?. 7285: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7237: 7224: 7197: 7182:Hopwood 1980 7177: 7170:Yehuda Bauer 7161: 7154:Achcar 2010b 7149: 7142:Laurens 2002 7137: 7130:Achcar 2010b 7125: 7113: 7101: 7074: 7062: 7035: 7030:, p. 7. 7023: 7016:Laurens 2002 7011: 7004:Laurens 2002 6995: 6983: 6974: 6958: 6946: 6934: 6922: 6910: 6883: 6876:Nicosia 2017 6871: 6859: 6847: 6840:Laurens 2002 6835: 6823: 6811: 6799: 6787: 6775: 6759: 6752:Elpeleg 2012 6747: 6735: 6723: 6711: 6706:, p. 9. 6699: 6687: 6675: 6663: 6651: 6639: 6623: 6611: 6606:, p. 8. 6599: 6587: 6582:, p. 7. 6575: 6563: 6551: 6544:Nicosia 2000 6539: 6527: 6520:Nicosia 2008 6515: 6508:Nicosia 2000 6503: 6496:Nicosia 2000 6491: 6484:Laurens 2002 6479: 6472:Nicosia 2000 6467: 6455: 6443: 6438:, p. 7. 6431: 6424:Laqueur 1970 6419: 6393: 6390: 6379: 6360: 6348: 6336: 6309: 6302:Laurens 2002 6282: 6270: 6248:Elpeleg 2007 6243: 6231: 6219: 6212:Hilberg 1973 6207: 6195: 6183: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6135: 6128:Laurens 2002 6123: 6111: 6098:, p. 9 6091: 6079: 6067: 6055: 6043: 6031: 6026:, p. 8. 6020:Laurens 2002 6015: 5988: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5945:Laurens 2002 5940: 5933:Laurens 2002 5928: 5916: 5909:Laurens 2002 5904: 5897:Achcar 2010b 5892: 5885:Lachman 1982 5880: 5873:Hen-Tov 1974 5868: 5861:Laurens 2002 5856: 5849:Laurens 2002 5844: 5837:Huneidi 2001 5832: 5820: 5790:Laurens 2002 5785: 5778:Laurens 2002 5773: 5761: 5750:Laurens 2002 5745: 5738:Laurens 2002 5733: 5726:Laurens 2002 5721: 5710:Laurens 2002 5705: 5699:Riad al-Suhl 5693: 5681: 5669: 5662:Laurens 2002 5657: 5650:Laqueur 2003 5645: 5633: 5621: 5614:Laurens 2002 5609: 5602:Laurens 2002 5597: 5590:Laurens 2002 5577: 5570:Laurens 2002 5565: 5553: 5521: 5509: 5498:Laurens 2002 5493: 5486:Laurens 2002 5471:Laurens 2002 5462: 5449: 5432: 5425:Laurens 2002 5420: 5413:Laurens 2002 5408: 5396: 5384: 5372: 5364: 5356: 5349:Laurens 2002 5344: 5336: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5292: 5280: 5275:, p. 6. 5268: 5256: 5249:Huneidi 2001 5244: 5232: 5220: 5208: 5201:Elpeleg 2007 5192: 5180: 5161:Khalidi 2001 5156: 5149:Elpeleg 2007 5144: 5126: 5119:Elpeleg 2007 5114: 5102: 5090: 5078: 5071:Nicosia 2008 5066: 5054: 5042: 5029:Laurens 1999 5024: 5017:Huneidi 2001 5012: 5000: 4993:Laurens 1999 4980: 4968: 4956: 4949:Laurens 1999 4944: 4939:, p. 6. 4937:Elpeleg 2007 4932: 4920: 4909:Huneidi 2001 4904: 4892: 4880: 4873:Huneidi 2001 4868: 4856: 4839:Laurens 1999 4834: 4829:, p. 3. 4827:Elpeleg 2007 4822: 4798:Achcar 2010c 4793: 4781: 4765: 4758:Laurens 1999 4753: 4746:Laurens 2002 4731:Laurens 1999 4726: 4704:Laurens 1999 4699: 4694:, p. 2. 4683: 4671: 4647:Khalidi 2020 4642: 4635:Khalidi 2001 4630: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4587:Elpeleg 2007 4582: 4577:, p. 1. 4575:Elpeleg 2007 4570: 4558: 4546: 4534: 4522: 4510: 4498: 4476: 4412: 4404: 4396: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4362: 4348: 4343: 4336:Laurens 1999 4324: 4309: 4265:Nazi Germany 4259: 4252:Laurens 1999 4248:Laurens 2002 4141:Islam portal 4052: 4043: 4036: 4008: 3991: 3971: 3968: 3963:Peter Novick 3961: 3957: 3950: 3927: 3917: 3907: 3891: 3878:Benny Morris 3872: 3867: 3854: 3837: 3821: 3769: 3733: 3712: 3700: 3695:Muin al-Madi 3645: 3640: 3619: 3617:irrelevant. 3588: 3571: 3566: 3542: 3527: 3520: 3495:Hasan Salama 3476: 3472: 3455: 3450:World War II 3433: 3423: 3400: 3355: 3339: 3331: 3324: 3300:Raul Hilberg 3293: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269:house arrest 3258: 3230: 3219: 3214: 3179: 3173: 3168: 3147: 3122: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095:Lord Haw-Haw 3087:Hasan Salama 3076: 3071: 3043:Hasan Salama 3029: 3025: 3013: 3008: 3004: 2987: 2977:Idith Zertal 2973: 2956: 2949: 2914: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2872:amour-propre 2863: 2852: 2841: 2823: 2801:Fritz Grobba 2799: 2786: 2782: 2778:Fritz Grobba 2775: 2740: 2731:Vichy France 2729:against the 2722:Adolf Hitler 2715: 2689: 2678: 2670: 2639: 2590: 2554: 2546:David Raziel 2515: 2494: 2477:Nuri as-Said 2474: 2462: 2428: 2416: 2386: 2377: 2369:Nuri al-Said 2357: 2349: 2334: 2318: 2237: 2221:Nuri as-Said 2205: 2150: 2108: 2105: 2085: 2081: 2056:Saudi Arabia 2040: 2013: 2008:Edwin Samuel 1981: 1952: 1928: 1863: 1840: 1811: 1797: 1782: 1735: 1699:Western Wall 1675:Western Wall 1660: 1646:production, 1607:Temple Mount 1590: 1549:between the 1544: 1524: 1473: 1457:Al-Fida'iyya 1452:Dar al-Islam 1441: 1386: 1369:David Yellin 1358: 1329: 1322:Herod's Gate 1310:Palin Report 1291: 1284: 1280:Aref al-Aref 1243: 1174: 1076:Christianity 990:Governorates 952: 893: 828:Demographics 812:Palestinians 792:Palin Report 757:Ottoman Army 750: 718: 702:Muslim World 665: 640: 604: 554:antisemitism 547: 487:Adolf Hitler 483:World War II 481:with during 479:collaborated 475:Nazi Germany 456: 403:Ottoman army 376: 368:Jerusalemite 329: 328: 304:Nazi Germany 293:(until 1918) 267: 263:Succeeded by 255: 240: 224: 209: 189:Succeeded by 166: 118:Denomination 29: 14285:1974 deaths 13915:Arab Ba'ath 13837:Salah Jadid 13694:Arabization 13541:Six-Day War 13536:Suez Crisis 13482:Arab Revolt 13461:Pan-Arabism 13364:(1994–2006) 13358:(1993–1994) 13352:(1952–1993) 13346:(1948–1954) 13340:(1921–1937) 13321:(1908–1921) 13291:(1809–1834) 13285:(1791–1809) 13158:Zvi Elpeleg 12704:: 210–244. 12621:Shlaim, Avi 12597:Shlaim, Avi 11795:Pappé, Ilan 11639:(1): 3–16. 11382:27 February 10633:War on Hate 10497:Shlaim, Avi 9469:: 101–131. 9109:. Damascus. 8936:Aderet 2022 8789:Zertal 2005 8777:Novick 2000 8734:Mattar 1988 8706:Zertal 2005 8682:Morris 2008 8536:Mattar 1988 8500:Mattar 1988 8440:Morris 1997 8428:Morris 2011 8326:Brynen 1990 8302:Shlaim 2001 8266:Kassim 1988 8239:Shlaim 2001 8215:Sayigh 1999 8176:Shlaim 2001 8128:Morris 2008 8101:Shlaim 2000 7783:Mojzes 2011 7759:Mojzes 2011 7652:Spoerl 2020 7616:Sachar 1961 7565:Medoff 1996 7379:Zertal 2005 7307:Medoff 1996 7278:Arendt 1963 7190:I heard say 6816:Gavish 2010 6804:Lukitz 1995 6780:Mattar 1984 6764:Mattar 1984 6728:Mattar 1984 6716:Mattar 1984 6692:Mattar 1984 6668:Mattar 1984 6628:Mattar 1984 6448:Mattar 1984 6412:Mattar 1984 6353:Morris 2008 6329:Mattar 1984 6275:Gordon 2008 6263:Mikics 2014 6236:Khalaf 1991 6224:Morris 2011 6188:Mattar 1984 6176:Mattar 1984 6164:Mattar 1984 6140:Mattar 1984 6100:Ghada Karmi 6084:Mattar 1984 6060:Mattar 1992 6036:Hughes 2019 6008:Sachar 2006 5993:Sachar 1972 5981:Sachar 2006 5798:Brit Shalom 5794:Samuel 1970 5754:Sicker 2000 5686:Krämer 2008 5674:Krämer 2008 5638:Sicker 2000 5626:Sicker 2000 5546:Krämer 2008 5453:Among them 5401:Yaeger 1996 5377:Sicker 2000 5285:Morris 2011 5237:Reiter 1996 5197:Sicker 2000 5107:Morris 2011 5083:Tauber 1994 5034:am al-nakba 5005:Tauber 1994 4973:Sicker 2000 4897:Tauber 1994 4861:Krämer 2008 4774:Krämer 2008 4770:Sicker 2000 4719:Krämer 2008 4688:Mattar 1992 4676:Brynen 1990 4563:Gelvin 2007 4551:Peretz 1994 4452:Middle East 4448:Soviet bloc 4368:Kotzin 2010 4302:Gelvin 2014 4240:Mattar 1992 3952:Robert Fisk 3934:Zvi Elpeleg 3919:Edward Said 3845:nationalism 3812:Zvi Elpeleg 3784:Six-Day War 3757:Six-Day War 3702:1948, King 3685:, Quwatli, 3634:Glubb Pasha 3630:Arab Legion 3549:Transjordan 3511:Arab League 3419:Issa Khalaf 3312:Jewish Army 3261:Switzerland 3172:, the 21st 3166:: the 13th 3132:Recruitment 3079:Axis Powers 3052:Eitan Haber 2933:Third Reich 2908:Muhammadans 2770:Eid al-Adha 2702:Beseitigung 2650:Axis powers 2620:Axis powers 2573:Arab Legion 2561:coup d'état 2490:Middle East 2470:King Faisal 2304:village of 2213:Transjordan 2130:al-Futuwwah 2020:Middle East 2014:In London, 1955:Mea Shearim 1939:Transjordan 1924:kotel notes 1876:revisionist 1807:Lord Plumer 1805:to succeed 1793:White Paper 1760:, a Jewish 1746:monarchical 1690:chief rabbi 1683:inalienable 1628:Antiquities 1497:Nashashibis 1389:Pan-Arabism 1331:in absentia 1184:Handicrafts 1131:Nabi Samwil 837:Definitions 780:Arab Revolt 753:World War I 747:World War I 737:World War I 735:. Prior to 686:Rashid Rida 678:and at the 670:briefly at 668:Islamic law 550:nationalism 515:Arab League 477:, which he 419:pan-Arabism 407:World War I 349:Palestinian 345: 1897 312:(1941–1945) 300:(1920–1937) 251:Preceded by 220:Preceded by 177:Preceded by 89:(aged  87:4 July 1974 70: 1897 14269:Categories 14079:Literature 13772:Tariq Aziz 13689:Arab world 13684:Arab Union 13613:Dhofar War 12759:. p.  12487:Segev, Tom 11666:. London: 11021:Frank Cass 10729:Frank Cass 10587:Kohn, Hans 10331:I.B.Tauris 10279:. Leiden: 9999:The Nation 9823:22 October 9048:Libération 8900:Sells 2015 8888:Sells 2015 8837:Ravid 2015 8801:Sells 2015 8670:Sells 2015 8634:Kiely 2008 8548:Sells 2015 8350:Cohen 2008 8338:Cohen 2008 8254:Kamel 2013 8152:Cohen 2008 7987:Lepre 1997 7975:Lepre 1997 7963:Lepre 1997 7951:Hoare 2014 7927:Lepre 1997 7891:Lepre 1997 7867:Lepre 1997 7855:Lepre 1997 7843:Lepre 1997 7831:Lepre 1997 7819:Lepre 1997 7807:Lepre 1997 7795:Lepre 1997 7771:Lepre 1997 7736:Lepre 1997 7724:Lepre 1997 7712:Stein 1984 7700:Lepre 1997 7676:Hoare 2013 7601:Sells 2015 7490:Adams 2009 7439:Lewis 1997 7427:Carpi 1977 7343:Sells 2015 7319:Lewis 1999 7242:Sells 2015 7166:Ahren 2015 7094:Sells 2015 6951:Lewis 1999 6939:Lewis 1999 6927:Segev 2001 6915:Lewis 1999 6903:Lewis 2002 6888:Lewis 1999 6828:Tripp 2002 6792:Davis 2005 6768:Simon 2004 6656:Simon 2004 6616:Tripp 2002 6592:Simon 2004 6568:Tripp 2002 6287:Cohen 2008 6152:Cohen 2008 6096:Karmi 2004 5921:Rosen 2005 5558:Gonen 2003 5442:Segev 2001 5185:Cohen 1989 4961:Segev 2001 4786:Pappé 2010 4692:Pappé 1994 4664:Sells 2015 4599:Kopel 2021 4469:Sells 2015 4439:Aliyah Bet 4426:Bratislava 4298:Stern Gang 4058:Yad Vashem 4054:Dani Dayan 4032:Mauthausen 3932:decisive. 3862:Gaza Strip 3849:Peter Wien 3761:Emil Ghuri 3740:Heliopolis 3721:King Talal 3597:was named 3462:Golda Meir 3446:Rashid Ali 3415:Musa Alami 3380:resolution 3365:See also: 3226:Bolshevism 3175:Skanderbeg 3062:Propaganda 2654:Suez Canal 2597:Rashid Ali 2581:Rashid Ali 2565:Rashid Ali 2550:Habbaniyya 2526:War Office 2486:Rashid Ali 2449:See also: 2262:Seychelles 1887:Harry Luke 1868:Tisha B'Av 1864:status quo 1812:status quo 1789:Vaad Leumi 1770:Harry Luke 1758:Yom Kippur 1707:status quo 1679:Abu Madyan 1638:arts like 1194:Literature 1126:Lot's Tomb 1053:Gaza Strip 919:Government 704:to defeat 641:rüshidiyye 576:Early life 366:family of 364:al-Husayni 358:leader in 283:Allegiance 14112:Symbolism 13456:Nasserism 13451:Ba'athism 13164:Routledge 13004:Routledge 12710:0792-335X 12415:154921401 12270:. Verso. 12205:(2006) . 12187:. Knopf. 12015:(1971) . 11925:: 65–75. 11604:lse.ac.uk 11568:. Knopf. 11562:(2011) . 11130:Routledge 11097:(2002) . 11041:(1997) . 10774:(1970) . 10405:. Verso. 10152:(1973) . 9697:(2008) . 9485:(2007) . 9435:(11–12). 9157:(2002) . 9115:cite book 8976:(2010b). 8912:Höpp 2004 8765:Fisk 2006 8722:Said 1988 8476:Fisk 2006 8448:Hashemite 8278:Hall 2008 8026:Fisk 2006 7664:Fisk 2006 7589:Shay 2009 7055:Wien 2016 6852:Fisk 2006 6740:Nevo 1984 6704:Nevo 1984 6680:Nevo 1984 6604:Nevo 1984 6580:Nevo 1984 6048:Rose 1989 5538:Monk 2002 5333:Monk 2002 5321:Monk 2002 5297:UNPC 1948 4611:Kohn 1929 4503:Sela 2002 4491:Citations 4379:Kaufman, 4214:Footnotes 4122:episodes) 4028:Treblinka 4020:Auschwitz 3999:Palestine 3858:West Bank 3613:made the 3584:Jerusalem 3580:Palestine 3507:Jerusalem 3401:When the 3327:Léon Blum 3202:, or the 3169:Handschar 3164:Albanians 3104:Handschar 2931:" by the 2919:, one of 2892:Germany." 2727:Gaullists 2405:Nabi Musa 2401:Palestine 2330:Holocaust 2302:Christian 2283:Husayniya 2249:al-Qassam 2178:Jerusalem 2157:Palestine 2119:Boy Scout 1978:Aftermath 1820:Nabi Musa 1778:Palestine 1772:, acting 1750:Ibn Sa'ud 1687:Ashkenazi 1654:work and 1648:woodcraft 1644:glassware 1568:mu'aridun 1562:mu'aridun 1556:majlisiya 1551:Husseinis 1294:Nabi Musa 1048:West Bank 1042:Palestine 844:Palestine 784:Jerusalem 761:artillery 607:Jerusalem 511:West Bank 379:Jerusalem 241:In office 210:In office 171:1921–1937 167:In office 102:, Lebanon 75:Jerusalem 14254:Category 14196:Islamism 13905:Al-Fatat 13672:Concepts 13439:Ideology 13384:claimed 13356:Ja'abari 13350:al-Alami 13344:Jarallah 13303:(?–1856) 13297:(1834–?) 13098:(2005). 12929:(2001). 12821:(1972). 12785:(2000). 12728:(2015). 12718:26870795 12623:(2001). 12599:(2000). 12560:24586167 12489:(2001). 12425:(2004). 12351:(1986). 12337:(1965). 12292:(1970). 12181:(1972). 12169:(1961). 11970:(1990). 11959:Ynetnews 11842:(1947). 11797:(1994). 11752:(2000). 11672:Archived 11538:(2008). 11514:(1997). 11301:(1992). 11267:41857733 11069:(1999). 10938:(2007). 10910:(2002). 10884:(1999). 10850:(2001). 10802:(2003). 10719:(1982). 10674:(2008). 10589:(1929). 10499:(eds.). 10491:(2001). 10465:(1997). 10447:. 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