386:. Cabral trained his lieutenants through various techniques, including mock conversations to provide them with effective communication skills to aid their efforts in mobilizing Guinean traditional leaders to support the PAIGC. Cabral realized that the war effort could only be sustained if his troops could be fed and taught to live off the land, alongside the larger populace. Being an agronomist, he trained his troops to teach local farmers better farming techniques. This was to ensure that they could increase productivity and be able to feed their own family and community, as well as the soldiers enlisted in the PAIGC's military wing. When not fighting, PAIGC soldiers tilled and ploughed the fields alongside the local population.
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coup was carried out in
Portugal, which was followed by a cease-fire in the various battle fronts and eventually by the independence of all of Portugal's former colonies in Africa. Cabral was assassinated prior to the independence of the Portuguese colonies in Africa and therefore died before he
307:
While back in Africa, starting in 1953, he conducted an agricultural census in
Portuguese Guinea in which he would travel more than 60,000 kilometers. This allowed him to “become intimately familiar with the people and land” of Portuguese Guinea, understanding that undoubtedly was helpful in the
389:
Cabral and the PAIGC also set up a trade-and-barter bazaar system that moved around the country and made staple goods available to the countryside at prices lower than that of colonial store owners. During the war, Cabral also set up a roving hospital and triage station to give medical care to
276:. His father came from a wealthy land-owning family. His mother was a shop owner and hotel worker who worked hard to support her family, especially after she separated from Amílcar's father by 1929. Her family was not well off, so she was unable to pursue higher education.
431:
After the assassination, about one hundred officers and guerrilla soldiers of the PAIGC, accused of involvement in the conspiracy that resulted in the murder of Amílcar Cabral and the attempt to seize power in the movement, were summarily executed. His half-brother,
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agents, whose alleged plan eventually went awry, wanted to influence Cabral's rivals through agents operating within the PAIGC, in hope of arresting Cabral and placing him under the custody of
Portuguese authorities. Another theory claims that
406:
In 1972, Cabral began to form a People's
Assembly in preparation for the independence of Guinea-Bissau, but disgruntled former PAIGC rival Inocêncio Kani, together with another member of PAIGC, shot and killed him on 20 January 1973 in
1226:
Abdel Malek, Karine, "Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau.", In : Bulletin de l'Association des
Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, N°1, Avril 1998. –
308:
guerrilla war he would go on to fight. He returned to Africa in the 1950s from
Portugal and was instrumental in promoting the independence causes of the then Portuguese colonies. In 1956, he was the founder of the
360:
against the
Portuguese government, which evolved into one of the most successful wars of independence in modern African history. The goal of the conflict was to attain independence for both Portuguese Guinea and
2397:
1485:
website has documents, posters, buttons, and photographs related to the struggle for independence in Guinea-Bissau and support for that struggle by U.S. organizations. The website includes photographs of
243:
and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. He was assassinated on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by
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500:...one of the most lucid and brilliant leaders in Africa, Comrade Amílcar Cabral, who instilled in us tremendous confidence in the future and the success of his struggle for liberation.
1210:... the lyrics of Made in Dakar are sung in Wolof, French and Portuguese Creole, and the themes include an homage to Amilcar Cabral, a fondly remembered Pan-African revolutionary
891:
309:
763:
Lopes, Rui; Barros, Víctor (19 December 2019). "Amílcar Cabral and the
Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions".
675:, winner of the CVIFF (Cape Verde International Film Festival) prize for best documentary in 2011, puts Amilcar Cabral's political views and ideologies in the spotlight.
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570:(1983 and 2003). The book tells the story of Cabral who, as head of PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau's nationalist movement, became one of Africa's foremost revolutionary leaders.
541:, in zone 2, named as a tribute to him. In addition, the only privately owned university in Guinea-Bissau – Amílcar Cabral University, in Bissau – is named after him.
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Rabaka, Africana
Critical Theory: Reconstructing The Black Radical Tradition, From W. E. B. Du Bois and C. L. R. James to Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral p.231
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428:, jealous of Cabral's greater international prestige, among other motives, orchestrated the conspiracy; both theories remain unproven and controversial.
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556:, which offers an extensive overview of Amílcar's life in narrative form. It features a detailed account of Amílcar's family history in Portuguese.
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272:(located in modern-day Guinea-Bissau) to Cape Verdean parents, Juvenal António Lopes da Costa Cabral and Iva Pinhel Évora, both hailing from
451:'s Information and Investigation Services also concluded that "Lisbon's complicity" in the assassination of the leader of the struggle for
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577:(Republic of Liberia) commissioned and built a housing estate on the Old Road, Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia, named in honor of Cabral.
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398:. The bazaars and triage stations were at first stationary, until they came under frequent attack from Portuguese regime forces.
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He was voted the second greatest leader in the world in a poll conducted by BBC World
History Magazine in March 2020.
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wounded PAIGC soldiers and quality-of-life care to the larger populace, relying on medical supplies garnered from the
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Cabral's political thought and role in the liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde is discussed at some length in
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composed 'Quem Matou Cabral' in honor of Amílcar Cabral and performed it during the independence celebrations of
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436:, became the leader of the Guinea-Bissau branch of the party and eventually became President of Guinea-Bissau.
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365:. Over the course of the conflict, as the movement captured territory from the Portuguese, Cabral became the
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was not directly involved in his death, according to official documents made public in 2006. Even so, the
320:(African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde). He was also one of the founding members of
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74:
Cabral wearing a traditional skullcap known as a sumbia during the 1964 Cassacá Congress, a gathering of
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248:, becoming an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide.
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2013:
1350:(1997). "The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence".
969:"(1959) Sekou Touré, "The Political Leader Considered as the Representative of a Culture" •"
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Secondary School Gil Eanes in the town of Mindelo, Cape Verde. He was later educated at the
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could see his homelands of Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau gain independence from Portugal.
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992:, 1 February 1973, as amended 4 May 2006. Declassified US Department of State document.
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328:, whom he met in Portugal, and other Angolan nationalists. Cabral was an asset of the
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332:, and under the codename "Secretary" provided intelligence information to the StB.
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628:: «Площадь Амилкара Кабрала» "Ploschad Amilcara Cabrala") since 16 January 1974.
534:
295:
student in Lisbon, he founded student movements dedicated to opposing the ruling
40:
1757:
944:"African Independence Party for Guinea and Cape Verde | political party, Africa"
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1973:
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and promoting the cause of independence for the Portuguese colonies in Africa.
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Amílcar Lopes Cabral was born on 12 September 1924. He was born in the town of
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There is a block of flats named Amílcar Cabral Court on Porteus Road in west
566:, also wrote a book about the life and biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled
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1988:
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Bienen, Henry (1977). "State and Revolution: The Work of Amilcar Cabral".
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In preparation for the independence war, Cabral set up training camps in
592:
529:", one "whose influence reverberated far beyond the African continent."
2398:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde politicians
1963:
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1301:
Chilcote, Ronald H. (1968). "The Political Thought of Amílcar Cabral".
785:
715:. Translated by Dan Wood. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
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1953:
1948:
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Cabral is considered a "revolutionary theoretician as significant as
353:
215:, political organizer, and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost
1495:"The Revolution in Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of Amilcar Cabral"
1283:
Armed Struggle in Africa: With the Guerrillas in "Portuguese" Guinea
751:
Amílcar Cabral's Revolutionary Theory and Practice: A Critical Guide
265:
105:
2344:
1707:
1034:"Africa: A Continent Drenched in the Blood of Revolutionary Heroes"
552:
Author António Tomás wrote a biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled
537:, is named in his honor. There is also a football competition, the
367:
292:
1482:
893:
African & American: West Africans in Post-Civil Rights America
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1524:
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McCollester, Charles. "The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral."
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From 1963 to his assassination in 1973, Cabral led the PAIGC's
288:
129:
1399:
Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary
491:
Mural on the wall of the Amílcar Cabral Foundation offices in
1006:"US declassifies documents on freedom fighter Amílcar Cabral"
662:(1983). He is also the subject of the Portuguese documentary
546:
379:
75:
1461:, a speech at the Tricontinental Conference in Havana, 1966.
890:
Halter, Marilyn; Johnson, Violet Showers (29 August 2014).
727:
Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings of Amilcar Cabral
455:'s and Guinea-Bissau's independence "cannot be ruled out."
420:
321:
256:
160:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
69:
1143:
1066:"Maharaja Ranjit Singh voted greatest leader of all times"
1264:
Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War
720:
Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral
568:
Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership And People's War
2144:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
1343:. Niwot, Colorado, USA: Colorado University Press, 1993.
1168:
316:
Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde
554:
O Fazedor de Utopias: Uma Biografia de Amílcar Cabral
2159:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
1423:
Amílcar Cabral: The Life of a Reluctant Nationalist
990:"Portuguese Guinea: The PAIGC After Amilcar Cabral"
1414:Amilcar Cabral and the Revolution in Guinea-Bissau
533:, Cape Verde's principal international airport at
223:and intellectual nationalist revolutionary poet.
2374:
335:
314:
1511:Review of Amilcar Cabral's Unity & Struggle
638:was named "Amílcar Cabral Library" since 1974.
439:Less than a month after the assassination, the
51: and the second or paternal family name is
1092:"Who is the greatest leader in world history?"
165:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
2478:African politicians assassinated in the 1970s
2438:Bissau-Guinean people of Cape Verdean descent
1540:
889:
613:issued a postage stamp in his honor in 1978.
322:Movimento Popular Libertação de Angola (MPLA)
562:, professor of Lusophone African studies at
260:Portrait of Amilcar Cabral in 1948, aged 23.
1401:. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019.
1117:Cabral, Biblioteca Amilcar (3 March 2023).
1025:
1023:
762:
251:
1547:
1533:
1478:, a speech at Syracuse University in 1970.
68:
30:For the documentary about the person, see
2129:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
1346:
1055:, 2011 documentary film by Valerio Lopes.
784:
371:leader of a large portion of what became
235:, Cabral led the nationalist movement of
2089:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
1300:
1020:
1000:
998:
486:
470:
339:
255:
2408:Assassinated Bissau-Guinean politicians
1848:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
855:, New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, p. 106.
419:According to some theories, Portuguese
14:
2375:
1230:
1192:
1144:"Cabralista – Just another Afryk site"
1116:
815:
753:, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner.
324:later in the same year, together with
27:Guinea-Bissauan politician (1924–1973)
2468:Technical University of Lisbon alumni
1528:
1420:
1193:Mitter, Siddhartha (15 August 2008).
995:
918:"A "NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES" IN CONAKRY"
641:
183:
2124:International African Service Bureau
1008:. Afrol News / A Semana. 7 June 2006
693:included the song "Cabral", sung in
531:Amílcar Cabral International Airport
2165:Rassemblement Démocratique Africain
853:Czechoslovakia in Africa, 1945–1968
624:was named "Amílcar Cabral Square" (
443:concluded that then-colonial power
24:
2094:All-African Trade Union Federation
1554:
1219:
25:
2494:
2428:Bissau-Guinean military personnel
2154:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
1476:"National Liberation and Culture"
1445:
1353:Journal of Latin American Studies
1304:Journal of Modern African Studies
1233:Journal of Modern African Studies
1195:"Orchestra Baobab: Made in Dakar"
330:Czechoslovak State Security (StB)
2483:Politicians assassinated in 1973
2355:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2323:
2322:
1483:African Activist Archive Project
1266:. New York and Cambridge, U.K.:
765:The International History Review
2280:All-African Peoples' Conference
1186:
1161:
1136:
1110:
1084:
1058:
1045:
983:
961:
816:Martin, G. (23 December 2012).
285:Instituto Superior de Agronomia
279:Amílcar Cabral was educated at
185:[ɐˈmilkaɾˈlɔpɨʃkɐˈbɾal]
2433:Bissau-Guinean pan-Africanists
2393:African and Black nationalists
936:
910:
883:
866:"CIDAC :: Amílcar Cabral"
858:
845:
836:
809:
756:
740:
510:Tricontinental Conference 1966
481:1966 Tricontinental Conference
13:
1:
2305:United States of Latin Africa
2134:Organisation of African Unity
2063:African Leadership University
777:10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118
733:
729:. Monthly Review Press, 1979.
722:. Monthly Review Press, 1973.
713:Resistance and Decolonization
668:, which was released in 2000.
336:Guerilla war for independence
2119:First Pan-African Conference
851:Muehlenbeck, Philip (2016),
591:Angolan singer and activist
458:Later on 25 April 1974, the
414:
7:
2448:Deaths by firearm in Guinea
2423:Bissau-Guinean male writers
1472:. Updated 8 September 2020.
1417:, City College of New York.
705:
466:
10:
2499:
2058:African Leadership Academy
1268:Cambridge University Press
150:Amílcar Cabral's Mausoleum
38:
29:
2463:People murdered in Guinea
2458:People from Bafatá Region
2350:Pan-Africanism portal
2318:
2257:
2226:
2188:
2114:Economic Freedom Fighters
2104:Convention People's Party
2079:African Unification Front
2071:
2050:
2041:
1856:
1695:
1686:
1635:
1569:
1562:
1394:, 24: 10–21 (March 1973).
1366:10.1017/s0022216x96004646
1317:10.1017/S0022278X0001747X
1245:10.1017/S0022278X00002226
1123:Biblioteca Amilcar Cabral
819:African Political Thought
302:
170:
155:
145:
136:Manner of death
135:
115:
88:
83:
67:
60:
2413:Bissau-Guinean engineers
2270:African-American leftism
2019:Henry Sylvester Williams
1783:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
1457:23 December 2008 at the
679:
646:
401:
297:dictatorship of Portugal
252:Early life and education
140:Assassination by gunshot
43:, the first or maternal
2453:National anthem writers
2418:Bissau-Guinean Marxists
2403:African revolutionaries
2328:Pan-Africanism category
2300:United States of Africa
2295:Union of African States
2285:East African Federation
2234:Ethnic groups of Africa
2139:Pan African Association
1728:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1674:United States of Africa
1519:International Socialism
1470:Encyclopædia Britannica
1421:Tomás, António (2021).
948:Encyclopedia Britannica
382:with the permission of
219:leaders. He was also a
204:20 January 1973) was a
2473:20th-century engineers
2443:Bissau-Guinean writers
2109:East African Community
1748:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
1597:Anti-Western sentiment
1466:"Amílcar Lopes Cabral"
1452:"The Weapon of Theory"
564:King's College, London
519:
496:
484:
349:
315:
261:
2014:Frances Cress Welsing
1490:Works at Marxists.org
1397:Mendy, Peter Karibe.
1199:www.pastemagazine.com
671:The documentary film
601:São Tomé and Príncipe
498:
490:
474:
343:
259:
213:agricultural engineer
32:Amílcar Cabral (film)
2196:Black Star of Africa
2149:Pan-African Congress
2099:Conseil de l'Entente
1879:Edward Wilmot Blyden
1803:Abdias do Nascimento
1768:Toussaint Louverture
1287:Monthly Review Press
697:in their 2007 album
634:A public library in
475:Amílcar Cabral with
460:Carnation Revolution
344:Amílcar Cabral with
196:12 September 1924 –
177:Amílcar Lopes Cabral
93:Amílcar Lopes Cabral
2249:Conflicts in Africa
2239:Languages of Africa
2213:Pan-African colours
1934:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
1577:African nationalism
1032:(17 January 2011),
747:Chilcote, Ronald H.
695:Cape Verdean Creole
549:to Cabral in 1973.
449:US State Department
2265:African philosophy
2244:Religion in Africa
1969:Zephania Mothopeng
1919:Amy Ashwood Garvey
1894:John Henrik Clarke
1884:Stokely Carmichael
1869:Molefi Kete Asante
1823:John Nyathi Pokela
1808:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1500:Africa in Struggle
1464:Charles Peterson,
1281:Chailand, Gérard.
1030:Brittain, Victoria
642:In popular culture
618:Veshnyaki District
584:, situated in the
575:William R. Tolbert
539:Amílcar Cabral Cup
497:
485:
350:
262:
241:Cape Verde Islands
226:Also known by the
2370:
2369:
2362:Africa portal
2202:Le Marron Inconnu
2184:
2183:
2037:
2036:
1833:Ahmed Sékou Touré
1682:
1681:
1602:Black nationalism
1582:African socialism
1339:Dhada, Mustafah.
903:978-0-8147-6058-1
725:Cabral, Amilcar.
718:Cabral, Amilcar.
711:Cabral, Amilcar.
493:Praia, Cape Verde
426:Ahmed Sékou Touré
358:Portuguese Guinea
346:Nicolae Ceaușescu
270:Portuguese Guinea
174:
173:
110:Portuguese Guinea
103:12 September 1924
16:(Redirected from
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2347:
2336:
2335:
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2218:Pan-African flag
2048:
2047:
1994:Randall Robinson
1929:Leonard Jeffries
1909:W. E. B. Du Bois
1904:Cheikh Anta Diop
1899:Martin R. Delany
1723:David Comissiong
1693:
1692:
1592:Anti-imperialism
1567:
1566:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1440:
1436:978-1-787-381445
1385:
1348:Gleijeses, Piero
1341:Warriors at Work
1336:
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1051:Opening text of
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993:
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978:
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971:. 10 August 2009
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920:. Archived from
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771:(6): 1230–1237.
760:
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744:
691:Orchestra Baobab
586:Paddington Green
517:
479:in Cuba for the
318:
289:Lisbon, Portugal
203:
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84:Personal details
72:
58:
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21:
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2338:Africa category
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2067:
2033:
2029:Omali Yeshitela
2009:Issa Laye Thiaw
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1643:African century
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1740:
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1733:Anténor Firmin
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1718:Amílcar Cabral
1715:
1713:Nnamdi Azikiwe
1710:
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1515:John Newsinger
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1446:External links
1444:
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1407:978-0821423721
1395:
1391:Monthly Review
1386:
1344:
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1311:(3): 373–388.
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2004:Burning Spear
2002:
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605:Guinea-Bissau
602:
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441:United States
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384:Kwame Nkrumah
381:
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373:Guinea-Bissau
370:
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331:
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271:
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237:Guinea-Bissau
234:
231:
230:
229:nom de guerre
224:
222:
218:
217:anti-colonial
214:
211:
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1914:Frantz Fanon
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1758:Modibo Keïta
1717:
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1666:
1659:
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1587:Afrocentrism
1521:, 12 (1981).
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1505:Daniel Fogel
1499:
1469:
1422:
1412:
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1163:
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1096:HistoryExtra
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2383:1924 births
2051:Educational
1864:Marimba Ani
1788:Thabo Mbeki
1696:Politicians
1648:Black power
1070:India Today
1012:29 December
786:10362/94384
659:Sans Soleil
527:Che Guevara
434:Luís Cabral
291:. While an
233:Abel Djassi
181:Portuguese:
45:family name
2377:Categories
1964:Ali Mazrui
1874:Steve Biko
1688:Proponents
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1119:"About us"
1053:Cabralista
875:20 October
734:References
687:Senegalese
673:Cabralista
597:Mozambique
573:President
453:Cape Verde
363:Cape Verde
200:1973-01-20
192:1924-09-12
99:1924-09-12
2072:Political
1954:Malcolm X
1949:Fela Kuti
1793:Tom Mboya
1654:Négritude
1617:Sankarism
1612:Nkrumaism
1607:Garveyism
1382:144904249
1333:154310499
1253:154939795
803:214034536
795:0707-5332
415:Aftermath
354:guerrilla
2227:Dynamics
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1636:Concepts
1570:Variants
1563:Ideology
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1289:, 1969.
1270:, 1983.
1204:29 March
1128:18 April
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706:Writings
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593:David Zé
503:—
467:Tributes
445:Portugal
368:de facto
293:agronomy
274:Santiago
239:and the
39:In this
2290:Kwanzaa
2258:Related
2189:Symbols
2176:ZANU–PF
1486:Cabral.
1178:11 July
1153:11 July
1102:5 March
1076:5 March
636:Bologna
626:Russian
409:Conakry
246:Marxism
126:Conakry
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1857:Others
1668:Ujamaa
1661:Ubuntu
1627:Zikism
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1374:158071
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953:23 May
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603:, and
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582:London
516:, Cuba
514:Havana
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266:Bafatá
130:Guinea
106:Bafatá
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1497:from
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1370:JSTOR
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1321:JSTOR
1249:S2CID
799:S2CID
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680:Music
647:Films
547:elegy
402:Death
380:Ghana
310:PAIGC
281:Liceu
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1180:2020
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1130:2024
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394:and
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179:(
162:;
101:)
97:(
55:.
34:.
20:)
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