892:
844:
760:
772:
820:
856:
323:
832:
784:
868:
796:
880:
808:
1229:
638:. The PAIGC fought fiercely, and the Portuguese took heavy casualties and gained ground slowly. Finally, after 71 days of fighting and 851 FAP combat sorties, the island was taken back by the Portuguese. However, less than two months later, the PAIGC would retake the island, as the Portuguese operation to capture it had depleted much of their invasion force, leaving the island vulnerable. However, Como Island ceased to be of strategic importance to Portugal following establishment of new PAIGC positions in the south, especially on the
748:
were executed in March. Later in the year independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973 and was recognized by a 93–7 UN General
Assembly vote in November, unprecedented as it denounced the Portuguese colonial rule as aggression and occupation. The UN recognition was prior to Portuguese recognition. The conflict had seen 1,875 Portuguese soldiers (out of 35,000 stationed in Portuguese Guinea) and some 6,000 (out of 10,000) PAIGC troops killed by the end of the eleven-year war.
2747:
921:
1667:
1596:
1495:
273:
56:
2064:
2025:
1986:
1955:
1947:
1916:
1908:
1871:
2110:
2072:
2033:
1994:
1879:
1840:
1832:
1801:
1793:
1704:
1630:
1564:
1532:
650:
significant threat to their continued rule over Guinea, it was too late. Very little was done to curtail the guerrilla operations; the
Portuguese didn't try to sever the link between the populace and the PAIGC until very late in the war, and as a result, it became very dangerous for Portuguese troops to operate far from their fortresses.
1347:, the choice of the three parties, was appointed prime minister by Vieira, and on 17 April a new government was named, composed of ministers from the three parties. PAIGC withdrew its backing for Kabi on 29 February 2008, stating that this was done "to avoid acts of indiscipline threatening cohesion and unity in the party".
1303:, the leader of reformists within the party and the only civilian in the transitional military junta, was elected as the President of PAIGC at the end of the congress on 9 September 1999. Benante's candidacy was supported by the junta, and he received 174 votes against 133 votes for the only opposing candidate.
467:
soldiers open fire on protesting dockworkers, killing 50. The massacre caused a large segment of the population to swing towards the PAIGC's push for independence, although the
Portuguese authorities still considered the movement to be irrelevant, and took no serious action in trying to suppress it.
747:
by naval commander InocĂŞncio Kani as part of a plan within the PAIGC to overthrow the leadership. However, despite Cabral's death, the plot failed to topple the leadership, and 94 people were subsequently found guilty of involvement, complicity or suspected complicity. Kani and at least ten others
649:
Throughout the war, the
Portuguese handled themselves poorly. It took them a long time to finally take the PAIGC seriously, diverting aircraft and troops based in Guinea to the conflicts in Mozambique and Angola, and by the time that the Portuguese government began to realise that the PAIGC was a
891:
735:
to regional councils, whose members then elected a
National Assembly. Whilst previous elections held by the Portuguese authorities saw suffrage limited to a few thousand people meeting tax and literacy requirements, these were arguably the first elections held in the territory under
855:
1289:
Vieira was re-elected for another four-year term as
President of PAIGC in mid-May 1998 at the party's sixth congress, with 438 votes in favor, eight opposed, and four abstaining; the post of Secretary-General was abolished at this congress. An outbreak of
1366:
After Kabi dismissed the directors of customs, taxes and the treasury on 25 July 2008 without notifying the party, the PAIGC decided to withdraw from the three-party stability pact that was signed in March 2007. Vieira then dismissed Kabi and appointed
843:
704:, the former to destroy guerrillas when they could find them, the latter to decrease the number of ambushes that occurred when they could not. SpĂnola's tenure as governor marked a turning point in the war: Portugal began to win battles, and in the
1298:
was named acting
President of the PAIGC on 12 May 1999. Vieira was expelled from PAIGC at a party congress in September 1999 for "treasonable offences, support and incitement to warfare, and practices incompatible with the statutes of the party".
759:
819:
1332:, PAIGC candidate Malam Bacai Sanhá was defeated in the second round by Vieira, who had returned from exile and ran as an independent. A few weeks after taking office, Vieira dismissed Carlos Gomes Júnior as prime minister and appointed
831:
1354:
in June 2008. Malam Bacai Sanhá, the party's presidential candidate in 2000 and 2005, challenged Gomes for the party leadership, but Gomes was re-elected for a five-year term as
President of PAIGC by a vote of 578–355. Kabi,
783:
1274:, and Vieira was re-elected as PAIGC Secretary-General at the party's fourth congress in November 1986. Following the introduction of multi-party politics in May 1991, the first multi-party elections were held in 1994. The
795:
807:
867:
771:
879:
1003:
503:
reasons prevented an armed struggle on the Cape Verde islands. On the Cape Verde islands PAIGC worked in a clandestine manner. After being nearly crippled militarily, AmĂlcar Cabral ordered that
1027:
1313:
lost to PRS leader Ialá in the presidential elections, whilst the PAIGC were reduced to being the third-largest party in the
National People's Assembly after being beaten by the PRS and the
3022:
3087:
488:(CONCP), a common party to coordinate the struggles for independence of Portuguese colonies across Africa. The three groups were often represented at international events by the CONCP.
485:
740:. Voters were presented with a list of PAIGC candidates, and had the choice to vote for or against. Around 78,000 people took part in the election, with 97% voting for the lists.
322:
606:
between PAIGC and
Portuguese forces, in which the PAIGC took control of the island and resisted fierce counterattacks by the Portuguese, including airstrikes by FAP (Portuguese:
1343:
as the three parties sought to form a new government. This led to a successful no-confidence vote against Aristides Gomes and his resignation late in the month; on 9 April
468:
However, the massacre convinced the PAIGC leadership to resort to armed struggle against the Portuguese, and in September 1959 the party established a new headquarters in
2922:
2732:
2710:
2425:
2937:
643:
2916:
639:
627:
1215:
1309:
were held in November 1999, with a presidential runoff on 16 January 2000. The elections saw the PAIGC lose power for the first time as PAIGC candidate
3062:
2860:
732:
437:
86:
1260:
398:
33:
1251:
were held in 1976 and 1977. Although the PAIGC strove for a union between Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, the union finally broke down following a
3057:
1746:
1248:
1169:
550:
agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors and technicians to assist in the independence struggle. The head of the Cuban Military Mission was
2865:
1314:
2762:
2725:
998:
599:
383:
252:
187:
2778:
1890:
1505:
1410:
1306:
1156:
1152:
371:
3037:
1259:
against the Cape Verdean Cabral in November 1980. The Cape Verdean branch of PAIGC was subsequently converted into a separate party, the
1138:
3042:
2901:
2741:
1324:
saw the PAIGC regain its position as the largest party, winning 45 of 100 seats. In May 2004 it formed a government with party leader,
1090:
306:
2740:
1103:
1078:
1073:
653:
By 1967, the PAIGC had carried out 147 attacks on Portuguese barracks and army encampments, and effectively controlled two-thirds of
582:
2571:
2547:
3047:
2840:
2835:
2718:
1677:
1606:
1574:
1542:
1383:
1376:
1329:
1059:
1054:
973:
586:
379:
2486:
2783:
2094:
2044:
1966:
1927:
1812:
1775:
1414:
1402:
1372:
1321:
1271:
1267:
1208:
585:
in February 1964, in which both the political and military arms of the PAIGC were assessed and reorganized, with a regular army (
375:
2559:
3092:
2371:
1398:
elected president, whilst the party also retained its majority in the National People's Assembly, winning 57 of the 102 seats.
657:. The following year, Portugal began a new campaign against the guerrillas with the arrival of the new governor of the colony,
1188:
2996:
2850:
1387:
1252:
394:
3052:
3027:
2963:
2855:
2005:
1851:
1640:
1468:
1391:
1275:
961:
367:
1201:
1128:
682:
2422:
1386:
were held. Carlos Gomes Júnior was nominated as the PAIGC candidate, and advanced to the runoff alongside Iála, but a
1286:(PRS) in the run-off, while the PAIGC won 62 out of 100 seats in the National People's Assembly with 46% of the vote.
2927:
2875:
2346:
512:
415:
359:
3082:
3032:
2896:
2870:
366:, which remained intact until multi-party democracy was introduced in the early 1990s. Although the party won the
3072:
1266:
Under Vieira, the party continued to govern the country in the 1980s and 1990s. One-party elections were held in
197:
131:
3077:
2880:
2176:
1340:
861:
PAIGC soldier with a rocket-propelled grenade, Manten military base in the liberated areas, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
535:
55:
2813:
2631:
941:
2958:
2942:
2932:
2845:
1174:
148:
2241:
1294:
in June 1998 eventually led to the ousting of Vieira in May 1999. A few days later, former Prime Minister
2973:
2788:
2290:"Arsenal of the Global South: Yugoslavia's Military Aid to Nonaligned Countries and Liberation Movements"
1418:
954:
491:
Armed struggle against the Portuguese began in March 1962 with an abortive attack by PAIGC guerrillas on
681:
system, in an attempt to gain public favour in Guinea. PAIGC was the first African party to establish a
3067:
2911:
1040:
311:
1682:
1007:
76:
3001:
2906:
2807:
2335:
Sweden and national liberation in Southern Africa. Vol. 1, Formation of a popular opinion (1950-1970)
1295:
934:
911:
301:
2616:
2598:
646:. Large numbers of Portuguese troops on these peninsulas were encircled and besieged by guerrillas.
2801:
1283:
1164:
1115:
1110:
2705:
2830:
1336:, who had formerly been a high-ranking member of PAIGC but had left the party to support Vieira.
1291:
658:
201:
1473:
1256:
966:
397:
in Guinea-Bissau, the Cape Verdean branch of the PAIGC was converted into a separate party, the
720:
kept there by the PAIGC. The USSR and Cuba began to send more weapons to Portuguese Guinea via
2201:
1611:
1325:
161:
17:
1375:
were subsequently held in November 2008, with the PAIGC winning two-thirds of the seats. In
1239:
After achieving independence, the PAIGC was instituted as the sole legal political party of
1228:
2294:
1405:
as part of a broad coalition, the Inclusive Alliance Platform – Terra Ranka, that included
623:
516:
453:
153:
1510:
1310:
8:
2672:"PAI–Terra Ranke é a grande vencedora das legislativas, com cinquenta e quatro deputados"
2275:
1645:
1395:
1344:
897:
Armed escort carries a wounded person to the Senegalese border, Sara, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
705:
460:
358:, the party turned to armed conflict in the 1960s and was one of the belligerents in the
335:
165:
2502:"Guinea-Bissau ex-president replaced as party leader", RTP Internacional TV, 12 May 1999
2583:
2483:
2459:
2333:
2311:
737:
674:
523:
stations in Fulacunda and Buba were carried out not only by the PAIGC but also by the
2658:
2646:
2352:
2342:
2315:
2181:
1300:
978:
654:
496:
449:
432:), and was based on the Movement for the National Independence of Portuguese Guinea (
2511:
1363:
also contested the leadership election, but attracted comparatively little support.
531:
441:
90:
2773:
2303:
1406:
1359:(considered a dissident within the party and associated with Aristides Gomes), and
1356:
717:
567:
456:
became its first president, whilst AmĂlcar Cabral was appointed secretary-general.
157:
2535:
2471:"Guinea-Bissau: President Vieira cleared to run for re-election", AFP, 14 May 1998
2991:
2978:
2968:
2526:"Guinea-Bissau party elects chairman, expels ex-president", AFP, 9 September 1999
2490:
2429:
1333:
619:
615:
363:
347:
138:
551:
519:. Frequent attacks in the north also took place. In that same month, attacks on
2617:
L'ancien Premier ministre bissau guinéen Carlos Gomis, réélu président du PAIGC
2160:
1368:
1278:
also saw the introduction of the direct election of the president. Vieira beat
725:
575:
169:
1244:
445:
3016:
2746:
1240:
744:
689:
631:
596:
from 1969 onward, with the goal of educating young fighters and war orphans.
351:
119:
2356:
2217:"Palestine Declaration: From the river, to the sea, Palestine will be free!"
1339:
In March 2007, the PAIGC formed a three-party alliance with the PRS and the
1279:
2136:
1142:
701:
563:
543:
71:
920:
693:
593:
2671:
592:
The party also founded a Pilot School in Conakry in this period, led by
2307:
1360:
611:
390:
126:
2795:
2289:
825:
PAIGC soldier with his family in a military camp, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
813:
Portuguese plane shot down in Guinea-Bissau with PAIGC soldiers, 1974
589:, FARP) to supplement the guerilla forces (The People's Guerrillas).
511:
strength could be regained. On 23 January 1963 the PAIGC started the
500:
688:
However, in 1970, the FAP began to use similar weapons to those the
666:
555:
508:
504:
464:
355:
716:, 400 amphibious troops attacked the city and freed 26 Portuguese
486:
Conference of Nationalist Organizations of the Portuguese Colonies
2659:
GUINEA-BISSAU: Uncertain future as President dissolves government
2152:
2140:
721:
709:
477:
469:
354:. Originally formed to peacefully campaign for independence from
177:
1351:
362:. Towards the end of the war, the party established a socialist
272:
2448:
Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas
2156:
2144:
1233:
801:
PAIGC recruits learning how to shoot, Ziguinchor, Senegal, 1973
713:
697:
670:
662:
635:
603:
539:
520:
473:
421:
222:
115:
1379:
the following year, Sanhá defeated Kumba Ialá in the run-off.
765:
PAIGC soldiers loading weapons on a truck, Guinea-Bissau, 1973
382:
in 2005, since which it has remained the largest party in the
2164:
2148:
2128:
571:
559:
524:
499:
was largely concentrated to the mainland Guinea, however, as
492:
218:
2216:
3023:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
2132:
885:
Unexploded Portuguese bomb, Canjambari, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
837:
Drawings showing PAIGC soldiers, Farim, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
678:
547:
481:
340:
Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde
332:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
47:
Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde
44:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
3088:
Consultative member parties of the Socialist International
2632:
PAIGC retira-se de Pacto de Estabilidade PolĂtica Nacional
2372:"Lilica Boal, a eterna diretora da Escola-Piloto do PAIGC"
661:. SpĂnola began a massive construction campaign, building
574:, with all three countries helping train guerilla troops.
444:. The party had six founding members; Cabral, his brother
2647:
GUINEA-BISSAU: Elections fears as unity government splits
2411:
AmĂlcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War
849:
Village burnt down by the Portuguese, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
434:
Movimento para Independência Nacional da Guiné Portuguesa
326:
PAIGC Military commanders on the northern frontline, 1974
214:
2512:
GUINEA-BISSAU: PAIGC chooses new chairman, expels Vieira
2269:
2690:
Use of Force: The Practice of States Since World War II
286:
2938:
Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea
2264:
Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau
1394:
were eventually held in 2014, and saw PAIGC candidate
1247:
becoming President of Guinea-Bissau. A second set of
2917:
Liberation Front of Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde
452:, Fernando Fortes, Júlio Almeida and Elisée Turpin.
2127:The PAIGC received support from the governments of
393:, from its independence in 1975 to 1980. After the
2341:. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. p. 71.
1350:The PAIGC's seventh Ordinary Congress was held in
873:Morning roll call, Hermangono, Guinea-Bissau, 1974
476:. In 1961, the PAIGC combined with the Mozambican
2861:Republican Party for Independence and Development
2584:Guinea-Bissau opposition withdraws support for PM
789:Female soldier playing cards, Guinea-Bissau, 1973
581:The first party congress took place at liberated
3014:
2599:7ème congrès du PAIGC à 200 km à l'est de Bissau
1261:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
731:Between August and November 1972 the party held
578:sent a small cache of weapons to PAIGC in 1966.
399:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
34:African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
374:. However, it returned to office after winning
143:União Democrática das Mulheres da Guiné (UDEMU)
2726:
2287:
2242:Member parties of the Socialist International
1715:
1209:
683:comprehensive cooperative program with Sweden
2866:Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement
2548:Vieira rejects calls to dissolve government
1315:Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement
2733:
2719:
1216:
1202:
370:in 1994, it was removed from power in the
271:
54:
2923:National Union for Democracy and Progress
2522:
2520:
2331:
1429:
614:. Following the loss of Como Island, the
188:Inclusive Alliance Platform – Terra Ranka
3063:1956 establishments in Portuguese Guinea
2841:Guinean League for Ecological Protection
2612:
2610:
2560:Guinea-Bissau appoints consensus premier
2442:
2440:
2438:
2396:Michael Cowen & Liisa Laakso (2002)
1227:
587:Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People
321:
2465:
2450:, Greenwood Publishing Group, pp106–107
2369:
2203:Coalition Strategies of Marxist Parties
743:On 20 January 1973 AmĂlcar Cabral, was
14:
3015:
2594:
2592:
2517:
2505:
2479:
2477:
515:by attacking a Portuguese garrison in
3058:Political parties established in 1956
2714:
2607:
2435:
2370:Sampaio, Madalena (17 October 2014).
1382:After Sanhá's death in January 2012,
2836:Guinean Civic Forum–Social Democracy
2572:Guinea-Bissau's new government named
2327:
2325:
2281:
1390:in April prevented it taking place.
902:
2601:African Press Agency, 26 June 2008
2589:
2553:
2474:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2100:Part of Inclusive Alliance Platform
1424:
409:
24:
3038:Political parties in Guinea-Bissau
2742:Political parties in Guinea-Bissau
2619:African Press Agency, 2 July 2008
2122:
25:
3104:
3043:Formerly ruling communist parties
2928:Party for Renewal and Development
2699:
2322:
1421:and won a majority of the seats.
777:Kalashnikovs for Hermangono, 1973
558:, PAIGC guerrillas also received
513:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
507:be the PAIGC's main weapon until
430:Partido Africano da IndependĂŞncia
416:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
360:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
2745:
2247:
2108:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2031:
2024:
2023:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1838:
1830:
1799:
1791:
1702:
1665:
1628:
1594:
1562:
1530:
1493:
1328:becoming prime minister. In the
919:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
758:
554:. In the context of the ongoing
46:
27:Political party in Guinea-Bissau
3048:Political parties in Cape Verde
2682:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2625:
2577:
2565:
2541:
2529:
2496:
2453:
2416:
2403:
2400:, James Currey Publishers, p109
2398:Multi-party Elections in Africa
2221:World Anti-Imperialist Platform
1371:as prime minister on 5 August.
542:and made a great impression on
198:World Anti-Imperialist Platform
2881:United Social Democratic Party
2390:
2363:
2235:
2209:
2194:
2177:African independence movements
2109:
2071:
2032:
1993:
1878:
1839:
1831:
1800:
1792:
1341:United Social Democratic Party
536:Tricontinental Conference 1966
13:
1:
3093:Left-wing nationalist parties
2814:Assembly of the People United
2187:
426:African Party of Independence
420:The party was established in
2959:Alliance of Patriotic Forces
2943:Unity Movement for Democracy
2933:Socialist Alliance of Guinea
2846:Manifest Party of the People
1384:early presidential elections
1135:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
728:aircraft to use as bombers.
424:on 19 September 1956 as the
132:African Youth AmĂlcar Cabral
7:
2763:Inclusive Alliance Platform
2170:
368:first multi-party elections
100:19 September 1956
10:
3109:
3053:20th century in Cape Verde
3028:Communism in Guinea-Bissau
2912:Liberation Front of Guinea
2902:Democratic Socialist Party
2262:Peter Karibe Mendy (2013)
1716:National People's Assembly
1330:2005 presidential election
1322:2004 legislative elections
999:National People's Assembly
751:
572:People's Republic of China
413:
404:
384:National People's Assembly
253:National People's Assembly
31:
3002:Politics of Guinea-Bissau
2997:List of political parties
2987:
2951:
2889:
2823:
2755:
2489:27 September 2007 at the
2276:Cuba! Africa! Revolution!
2098:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2043:
1621:
1509:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1439:
1436:
1403:2023 legislative election
1296:Manuel Saturnino da Costa
912:Politics of Guinea-Bissau
302:Politics of Guinea-Bissau
297:
284:
279:
270:
265:
251:
240:
210:
194:International affiliation
193:
183:
147:
137:
125:
111:
96:
82:
70:
62:
53:
41:
2974:United People's Alliance
2802:Party for Social Renewal
2634:Panapress, 27 July 2008
1401:The party contested the
1284:Party for Social Renewal
1104:Administrative divisions
634:operation to retake the
610:; Portuguese Air Force)
602:was the site of a major
389:The PAIGC also governed
32:Not to be confused with
3083:Revolutionary movements
3033:Communism in Cape Verde
2831:Democratic Social Front
2692:, Penn State Press, p79
2688:A Mark Weisburd (2010)
2514:IRIN, 10 September 1999
2332:Sellström, Tor (1999).
2266:, Scarecrow Press, p305
2244:Socialist International
1683:Domingos Simões Pereira
1373:Parliamentary elections
1008:Domingos Simões Pereira
708:, a Portuguese raid on
546:. As a result of this,
376:parliamentary elections
202:Socialist International
77:Domingos Simões Pereira
3073:Separatism in Portugal
2907:Guinean People's Party
2808:Guinean Workers' Party
2574:Reuters, 18 April 2007
2562:Reuters, 10 April 2007
2536:Elections held in 2004
2484:Elections held in 1999
2460:Elections held in 1994
2446:Donald F Busky (2002)
2428:9 January 2006 at the
2409:Patrick Chabal (1983)
2288:Milorad Lazic (2021).
1430:Presidential elections
1377:presidential elections
1236:
1232:PAIGC headquarters in
1153:Diplomatic missions of
712:, in the neighbouring
608:Força Aérea Portuguesa
380:presidential elections
339:
327:
246:("Unity and Struggle")
3078:Portuguese Cape Verde
2586:Reuters, 1 March 2008
2200:Trond Gilberg (1989)
1243:and Cape Verde, with
1231:
436:) founded in 1954 by
414:Further information:
325:
162:Left-wing nationalism
2851:National Unity Party
2295:Nationalities Papers
1474:JoĂŁo Bernardo Vieira
1257:JoĂŁo Bernardo Vieira
1028:Constitutional Court
967:Umaro Sissoco EmbalĂł
644:Quitafine Peninsulas
454:Rafael Paula Barbosa
184:National affiliation
154:Democratic socialism
2964:Democratic Alliance
2856:New Democracy Party
2824:Parties without MPs
2661:IRIN, 6 August 2008
2413:, CUP Archive, p133
1612:Carlos Gomes JĂşnior
1345:Martinho Ndafa Kabi
1326:Carlos Gomes JĂşnior
1249:one-party elections
706:Operation Green Sea
461:Pidjiguiti massacre
372:1999–2000 elections
166:African nationalism
2649:IRIN, 31 July 2008
2550:AFP, 14 March 2007
2308:10.1017/nps.2020.6
2223:. 26 November 2023
1237:
738:universal suffrage
724:, notably several
714:Republic of Guinea
675:telecommunications
659:AntĂłnio de SpĂnola
628:Operation Tridente
328:
3068:Portuguese Guinea
3010:
3009:
2952:Defunct alliances
2182:Francisca Pereira
2120:
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1846:Sole legal party
1807:Sole legal party
1770:Sole legal party
1713:
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1511:Malam Bacai Sanhá
1392:General elections
1311:Malam Bacai Sanhá
1307:General elections
1301:Francisco Benante
1276:general elections
1226:
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1170:Visa requirements
1129:Foreign relations
1091:Political parties
1047:Recent elections
979:Nuno Gomes Nabiam
903:Post-independence
692:was using in the
655:Portuguese Guinea
568:recoilless rifles
530:In January 1966,
497:Guerrilla warfare
484:to establish the
450:Aristides Pereira
320:
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307:Political parties
16:(Redirected from
3100:
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626:(FAP) began the
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1369:Carlos Correia
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893:
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876:
869:
864:
857:
852:
845:
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833:
828:
821:
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797:
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773:
768:
761:
756:
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749:
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741:
739:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
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707:
703:
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686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
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647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:combined arms
629:
625:
621:
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613:
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588:
584:
579:
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569:
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541:
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534:attended the
533:
528:
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498:
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417:
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387:
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381:
377:
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369:
365:
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357:
353:
352:Guinea-Bissau
349:
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341:
337:
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324:
313:
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305:
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300:
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296:
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136:
133:
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128:
124:
121:
120:Guinea-Bissau
117:
114:
110:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2768:
2689:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2627:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2543:
2531:
2507:
2498:
2467:
2455:
2447:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2375:
2365:
2334:
2299:
2293:
2283:
2271:
2263:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2220:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2137:Soviet Union
2126:
2099:
1699:
1662:
1625:
1591:
1559:
1527:
1490:
1460:First round
1400:
1381:
1365:
1349:
1338:
1319:
1305:
1288:
1265:
1238:
1143:Suzi Barbosa
1079:
1060:
942:Human rights
935:Constitution
745:assassinated
742:
730:
687:
652:
648:
607:
598:
591:
580:
560:Kalashnikovs
552:VĂctor Dreke
544:Fidel Castro
529:
490:
480:and Angolan
463:in 1959 saw
458:
438:Henri Labéry
433:
429:
425:
419:
388:
378:in 2004 and
343:
331:
329:
173:
139:Women's wing
112:Headquarters
87:Henri Labéry
63:Abbreviation
29:
2676:O Democrata
2621:(in French)
2603:(in French)
2227:30 November
2088:(2020–2023)
2086:Opposition
2080:(2019–2020)
1922:Opposition
1741:Government
1245:LuĂs Cabral
1175:Visa policy
993:Legislature
694:Vietnam War
612:F-86 Sabres
600:Como Island
594:Lilica Boal
174:Historical:
3017:Categories
2188:References
2116:Coalition
2078:Coalition
1961:Coalition
1361:Baciro Dja
1280:Kumba Ialá
702:defoliants
501:logistical
465:Portuguese
391:Cape Verde
336:Portuguese
266:Party flag
127:Youth wing
104:1956-09-19
2796:Madem G15
2382:8 January
2316:233733201
2039:Majority
2000:Majority
1885:Majority
1825:150 / 150
1786:150 / 150
1759:150 / 150
1738:Position
1723:Election
1626:Cancelled
1506:1999–2000
1437:Election
1292:civil war
1263:(PAICV).
1041:Elections
1022:Judiciary
1004:President
962:President
955:Executive
733:elections
667:hospitals
640:Cantanhez
624:air force
570:from the
562:from the
312:Elections
2487:Archived
2426:Archived
2357:41157147
2171:See also
2057:47 / 102
2049:212,148
2018:57 / 102
2010:281,408
1979:67 / 100
1971:227,350
1940:45 / 100
1932:145,316
1901:24 / 102
1864:62 / 100
1856:134,982
1817:214,201
1751:136,022
1693:254,468
1687:222,870
1656:364,394
1650:257,572
1616:154,797
1585:224,259
1579:133,786
1553:196,759
1547:158,276
1484:161,083
1478:142,577
1165:Passport
1139:Minister
677:and the
622:and the
556:Cold War
509:military
505:sabotage
356:Portugal
259:47 / 102
149:Ideology
2153:Algeria
2141:Senegal
2052:35.22%
2013:47.98%
1974:49.52%
1935:33.88%
1859:46.39%
1820:95.80%
1754:80.04%
1747:1976–77
1696:46.45%
1690:40.13%
1663:Elected
1659:61.92%
1653:40.89%
1619:48.97%
1592:Elected
1588:63.31%
1582:37.54%
1556:47.65%
1550:35.45%
1521:97,670
1518:23.37%
1515:86,724
1491:Elected
1487:52.02%
1481:46.20%
1455:Result
1282:of the
1255:led by
1116:Sectors
1111:Regions
752:Gallery
722:Nigeria
710:Conakry
671:housing
663:schools
583:Cassaca
478:FRELIMO
470:Conakry
405:History
346:) is a
280:Website
178:Marxism
102: (
97:Founded
83:Founder
2355:
2345:
2314:
2157:Poland
2145:Guinea
1732:Seats
1726:Votes
1524:28.0%
1449:Votes
1443:Votes
1234:Bissau
698:napalm
669:, new
636:island
604:battle
540:Havana
521:police
474:Guinea
422:Bissau
289:.paigc
241:Slogan
235:
233:
231:
229:
227:
223:yellow
211:Colors
116:Bissau
72:Leader
2769:PAIGC
2765:(54)
2339:(PDF)
2312:S2CID
2165:Ghana
2149:Libya
2129:China
525:FLING
493:Praia
344:PAIGC
219:green
66:PAIGC
18:PAIGC
2804:(12)
2798:(29)
2384:2021
2353:OCLC
2343:ISBN
2229:2023
2206:p239
2133:Cuba
2113:1st
2095:2023
2075:1st
2045:2019
2036:1st
2006:2014
1997:1st
1967:2008
1958:1st
1928:2004
1919:3rd
1891:1999
1882:1st
1852:1994
1843:1st
1813:1989
1804:1st
1776:1984
1767:1st
1764:New
1735:+/–
1700:Lost
1678:2019
1641:2014
1607:2012
1575:2009
1560:Lost
1543:2005
1528:Lost
1469:1994
1417:and
1352:GabĂş
1320:The
1272:1989
1270:and
1268:1984
1080:2024
1074:2023
1061:2024
1055:2019
700:and
679:road
642:and
630:, a
620:navy
566:and
564:USSR
548:Cuba
517:Tite
482:MPLA
459:The
446:LuĂs
440:and
330:The
221:and
2816:(1)
2810:(6)
2789:MDG
2784:PSD
2779:PCD
2538:IPU
2493:IPU
2462:IPU
2304:doi
2067:10
2028:10
1989:22
1950:21
1911:38
1874:88
1419:MDG
1415:PSD
1411:PCD
538:in
350:in
291:.gw
287:www
215:Red
3019::
2774:UM
2674:.
2609:^
2591:^
2519:^
2476:^
2437:^
2374:.
2351:.
2324:^
2310:.
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2298:.
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2249:^
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2131:,
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2306::
2231:.
1708:N
1671:Y
1634:N
1600:Y
1568:N
1536:N
1499:Y
1217:e
1210:t
1203:v
428:(
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106:)
36:.
20:)
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