375:. Cabral trained his lieutenants through various techniques, including mock conversations to provide them with effective communication skills to aid their efforts in mobilizing Guinean traditional leaders to support the PAIGC. Cabral realized that the war effort could only be sustained if his troops could be fed and taught to live off the land, alongside the larger populace. Being an agronomist, he trained his troops to teach local farmers better farming techniques. This was to ensure that they could increase productivity and be able to feed their own family and community, as well as the soldiers enlisted in the PAIGC's military wing. When not fighting, PAIGC soldiers tilled and ploughed the fields alongside the local population.
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coup was carried out in
Portugal, which was followed by a cease-fire in the various battle fronts and eventually by the independence of all of Portugal's former colonies in Africa. Cabral was assassinated prior to the independence of the Portuguese colonies in Africa and therefore died before he
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While back in Africa, starting in 1953, he conducted an agricultural census in
Portuguese Guinea in which he would travel more than 60,000 kilometers. This allowed him to “become intimately familiar with the people and land” of Portuguese Guinea, understanding that undoubtedly was helpful in the
378:
Cabral and the PAIGC also set up a trade-and-barter bazaar system that moved around the country and made staple goods available to the countryside at prices lower than that of colonial store owners. During the war, Cabral also set up a roving hospital and triage station to give medical care to
265:. His father came from a wealthy land-owning family. His mother was a shop owner and hotel worker who worked hard to support her family, especially after she separated from Amílcar's father by 1929. Her family was not well off, so she was unable to pursue higher education.
420:
After the assassination, about one hundred officers and guerrilla soldiers of the PAIGC, accused of involvement in the conspiracy that resulted in the murder of Amílcar Cabral and the attempt to seize power in the movement, were summarily executed. His half-brother,
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agents, whose alleged plan eventually went awry, wanted to influence Cabral's rivals through agents operating within the PAIGC, in hope of arresting Cabral and placing him under the custody of
Portuguese authorities. Another theory claims that
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In 1972, Cabral began to form a People's
Assembly in preparation for the independence of Guinea-Bissau, but disgruntled former PAIGC rival Inocêncio Kani, together with another member of PAIGC, shot and killed him on 20 January 1973 in
1215:
Abdel Malek, Karine, "Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau.", In : Bulletin de l'Association des
Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, N°1, Avril 1998. –
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guerrilla war he would go on to fight. He returned to Africa in the 1950s from
Portugal and was instrumental in promoting the independence causes of the then Portuguese colonies. In 1956, he was the founder of the
349:
against the
Portuguese government, which evolved into one of the most successful wars of independence in modern African history. The goal of the conflict was to attain independence for both Portuguese Guinea and
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1474:
website has documents, posters, buttons, and photographs related to the struggle for independence in Guinea-Bissau and support for that struggle by U.S. organizations. The website includes photographs of
232:
and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. He was assassinated on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by
2159:
489:...one of the most lucid and brilliant leaders in Africa, Comrade Amílcar Cabral, who instilled in us tremendous confidence in the future and the success of his struggle for liberation.
1199:... the lyrics of Made in Dakar are sung in Wolof, French and Portuguese Creole, and the themes include an homage to Amilcar Cabral, a fondly remembered Pan-African revolutionary
880:
298:
752:
Lopes, Rui; Barros, Víctor (19 December 2019). "Amílcar Cabral and the
Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions".
664:, winner of the CVIFF (Cape Verde International Film Festival) prize for best documentary in 2011, puts Amilcar Cabral's political views and ideologies in the spotlight.
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559:(1983 and 2003). The book tells the story of Cabral who, as head of PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau's nationalist movement, became one of Africa's foremost revolutionary leaders.
530:, in zone 2, named as a tribute to him. In addition, the only privately owned university in Guinea-Bissau – Amílcar Cabral University, in Bissau – is named after him.
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Rabaka, Africana
Critical Theory: Reconstructing The Black Radical Tradition, From W. E. B. Du Bois and C. L. R. James to Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral p.231
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417:, jealous of Cabral's greater international prestige, among other motives, orchestrated the conspiracy; both theories remain unproven and controversial.
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545:, which offers an extensive overview of Amílcar's life in narrative form. It features a detailed account of Amílcar's family history in Portuguese.
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261:(located in modern-day Guinea-Bissau) to Cape Verdean parents, Juvenal António Lopes da Costa Cabral and Iva Pinhel Évora, both hailing from
440:'s Information and Investigation Services also concluded that "Lisbon's complicity" in the assassination of the leader of the struggle for
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566:(Republic of Liberia) commissioned and built a housing estate on the Old Road, Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia, named in honor of Cabral.
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387:. The bazaars and triage stations were at first stationary, until they came under frequent attack from Portuguese regime forces.
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He was voted the second greatest leader in the world in a poll conducted by BBC World
History Magazine in March 2020.
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wounded PAIGC soldiers and quality-of-life care to the larger populace, relying on medical supplies garnered from the
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Cabral's political thought and role in the liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde is discussed at some length in
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composed 'Quem Matou Cabral' in honor of Amílcar Cabral and performed it during the independence celebrations of
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425:, became the leader of the Guinea-Bissau branch of the party and eventually became President of Guinea-Bissau.
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354:. Over the course of the conflict, as the movement captured territory from the Portuguese, Cabral became the
217:
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was not directly involved in his death, according to official documents made public in 2006. Even so, the
309:(African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde). He was also one of the founding members of
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Cabral wearing a traditional skullcap known as a sumbia during the 1964 Cassacá Congress, a gathering of
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237:, becoming an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide.
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2002:
1339:(1997). "The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence".
958:"(1959) Sekou Touré, "The Political Leader Considered as the Representative of a Culture" •"
527:
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Secondary School Gil Eanes in the town of Mindelo, Cape Verde. He was later educated at the
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could see his homelands of Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau gain independence from Portugal.
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981:, 1 February 1973, as amended 4 May 2006. Declassified US Department of State document.
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317:, whom he met in Portugal, and other Angolan nationalists. Cabral was an asset of the
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321:, and under the codename "Secretary" provided intelligence information to the StB.
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2017:
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617:: «Площадь Амилкара Кабрала» "Ploschad Amilcara Cabrala") since 16 January 1974.
523:
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student in Lisbon, he founded student movements dedicated to opposing the ruling
29:
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933:"African Independence Party for Guinea and Cape Verde | political party, Africa"
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2012:
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and promoting the cause of independence for the Portuguese colonies in Africa.
253:
Amílcar Lopes Cabral was born on 12 September 1924. He was born in the town of
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There is a block of flats named Amílcar Cabral Court on Porteus Road in west
555:, also wrote a book about the life and biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled
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1977:
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Bienen, Henry (1977). "State and Revolution: The Work of Amilcar Cabral".
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In preparation for the independence war, Cabral set up training camps in
581:
518:", one "whose influence reverberated far beyond the African continent."
2387:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde politicians
1952:
1862:
1290:
Chilcote, Ronald H. (1968). "The Political Thought of Amílcar Cabral".
774:
704:. Translated by Dan Wood. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
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Cabral is considered a "revolutionary theoretician as significant as
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204:, political organizer, and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost
1484:"The Revolution in Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of Amilcar Cabral"
1272:
Armed Struggle in Africa: With the Guerrillas in "Portuguese" Guinea
740:
Amílcar Cabral's Revolutionary Theory and Practice: A Critical Guide
254:
94:
2333:
1696:
1023:"Africa: A Continent Drenched in the Blood of Revolutionary Heroes"
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Author António Tomás wrote a biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled
526:, is named in his honor. There is also a football competition, the
356:
281:
1471:
882:
African & American: West Africans in Post-Civil Rights America
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1513:
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McCollester, Charles. "The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral."
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33:
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From 1963 to his assassination in 1973, Cabral led the PAIGC's
277:
118:
1388:
Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary
480:
Mural on the wall of the Amílcar Cabral Foundation offices in
995:"US declassifies documents on freedom fighter Amílcar Cabral"
651:(1983). He is also the subject of the Portuguese documentary
535:
368:
64:
1450:, a speech at the Tricontinental Conference in Havana, 1966.
879:
Halter, Marilyn; Johnson, Violet Showers (29 August 2014).
716:
Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings of Amilcar Cabral
444:'s and Guinea-Bissau's independence "cannot be ruled out."
409:
310:
245:
149:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
58:
1132:
1055:"Maharaja Ranjit Singh voted greatest leader of all times"
1253:
Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War
709:
Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral
557:
Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership And People's War
2133:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
1332:. Niwot, Colorado, USA: Colorado University Press, 1993.
1157:
305:
Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde
543:
O Fazedor de Utopias: Uma Biografia de Amílcar Cabral
2148:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
1412:
Amílcar Cabral: The Life of a Reluctant Nationalist
979:"Portuguese Guinea: The PAIGC After Amilcar Cabral"
1403:Amilcar Cabral and the Revolution in Guinea-Bissau
522:, Cape Verde's principal international airport at
212:and intellectual nationalist revolutionary poet.
2363:
324:
303:
1500:Review of Amilcar Cabral's Unity & Struggle
627:was named "Amílcar Cabral Library" since 1974.
428:Less than a month after the assassination, the
40: and the second or paternal family name is
1081:"Who is the greatest leader in world history?"
154:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
2467:African politicians assassinated in the 1970s
2427:Bissau-Guinean people of Cape Verdean descent
1529:
878:
602:issued a postage stamp in his honor in 1978.
311:Movimento Popular Libertação de Angola (MPLA)
551:, professor of Lusophone African studies at
249:Portrait of Amilcar Cabral in 1948, aged 23.
1390:. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019.
1106:Cabral, Biblioteca Amilcar (3 March 2023).
1014:
1012:
751:
240:
1536:
1522:
1467:, a speech at Syracuse University in 1970.
57:
19:For the documentary about the person, see
2118:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
1335:
1044:, 2011 documentary film by Valerio Lopes.
773:
360:leader of a large portion of what became
224:, Cabral led the nationalist movement of
2078:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
1289:
1009:
989:
987:
475:
459:
328:
244:
2397:Assassinated Bissau-Guinean politicians
1837:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
844:, New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, p. 106.
408:According to some theories, Portuguese
2364:
1219:
1181:
1133:"Cabralista – Just another Afryk site"
1105:
804:
742:, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner.
313:later in the same year, together with
16:Guinea-Bissauan politician (1924–1973)
2457:Technical University of Lisbon alumni
1517:
1409:
1182:Mitter, Siddhartha (15 August 2008).
984:
907:"A "NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES" IN CONAKRY"
630:
172:
2113:International African Service Bureau
997:. Afrol News / A Semana. 7 June 2006
682:included the song "Cabral", sung in
520:Amílcar Cabral International Airport
2154:Rassemblement Démocratique Africain
842:Czechoslovakia in Africa, 1945–1968
613:was named "Amílcar Cabral Square" (
432:concluded that then-colonial power
13:
2083:All-African Trade Union Federation
1543:
1208:
14:
2483:
2417:Bissau-Guinean military personnel
2143:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
1465:"National Liberation and Culture"
1434:
1342:Journal of Latin American Studies
1293:Journal of Modern African Studies
1222:Journal of Modern African Studies
1184:"Orchestra Baobab: Made in Dakar"
319:Czechoslovak State Security (StB)
2472:Politicians assassinated in 1973
2344:
2332:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2311:
1472:African Activist Archive Project
1255:. New York and Cambridge, U.K.:
754:The International History Review
2269:All-African Peoples' Conference
1175:
1150:
1125:
1099:
1073:
1047:
1034:
972:
950:
805:Martin, G. (23 December 2012).
274:Instituto Superior de Agronomia
268:Amílcar Cabral was educated at
174:[ɐˈmilkaɾˈlɔpɨʃkɐˈbɾal]
2422:Bissau-Guinean pan-Africanists
2382:African and Black nationalists
925:
899:
872:
855:"CIDAC :: Amílcar Cabral"
847:
834:
825:
798:
745:
729:
499:Tricontinental Conference 1966
470:1966 Tricontinental Conference
1:
2294:United States of Latin Africa
2123:Organisation of African Unity
2052:African Leadership University
766:10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118
722:
718:. Monthly Review Press, 1979.
711:. Monthly Review Press, 1973.
702:Resistance and Decolonization
657:, which was released in 2000.
325:Guerilla war for independence
2108:First Pan-African Conference
840:Muehlenbeck, Philip (2016),
580:Angolan singer and activist
447:Later on 25 April 1974, the
403:
7:
2437:Deaths by firearm in Guinea
2412:Bissau-Guinean male writers
1461:. Updated 8 September 2020.
1406:, City College of New York.
694:
455:
10:
2488:
2047:African Leadership Academy
1257:Cambridge University Press
139:Amílcar Cabral's Mausoleum
27:
18:
2452:People murdered in Guinea
2447:People from Bafatá Region
2339:Pan-Africanism portal
2307:
2246:
2215:
2177:
2103:Economic Freedom Fighters
2093:Convention People's Party
2068:African Unification Front
2060:
2039:
2030:
1845:
1684:
1675:
1624:
1558:
1551:
1383:, 24: 10–21 (March 1973).
1355:10.1017/s0022216x96004646
1306:10.1017/S0022278X0001747X
1234:10.1017/S0022278X00002226
1112:Biblioteca Amilcar Cabral
808:African Political Thought
291:
159:
144:
134:
125:Manner of death
124:
104:
77:
72:
56:
49:
2402:Bissau-Guinean engineers
2259:African-American leftism
2008:Henry Sylvester Williams
1772:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
1446:23 December 2008 at the
668:
635:
390:
286:dictatorship of Portugal
241:Early life and education
129:Assassination by gunshot
32:, the first or maternal
2442:National anthem writers
2407:Bissau-Guinean Marxists
2392:African revolutionaries
2317:Pan-Africanism category
2289:United States of Africa
2284:Union of African States
2274:East African Federation
2223:Ethnic groups of Africa
2128:Pan African Association
1717:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1663:United States of Africa
1508:International Socialism
1459:Encyclopædia Britannica
1410:Tomás, António (2021).
937:Encyclopedia Britannica
371:with the permission of
208:leaders. He was also a
193:20 January 1973) was a
2462:20th-century engineers
2432:Bissau-Guinean writers
2098:East African Community
1737:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
1586:Anti-Western sentiment
1455:"Amílcar Lopes Cabral"
1441:"The Weapon of Theory"
553:King's College, London
508:
485:
473:
338:
304:
250:
2003:Frances Cress Welsing
1479:Works at Marxists.org
1386:Mendy, Peter Karibe.
1188:www.pastemagazine.com
660:The documentary film
590:São Tomé and Príncipe
487:
479:
463:
332:
248:
202:agricultural engineer
21:Amílcar Cabral (film)
2185:Black Star of Africa
2138:Pan-African Congress
2088:Conseil de l'Entente
1868:Edward Wilmot Blyden
1792:Abdias do Nascimento
1757:Toussaint Louverture
1276:Monthly Review Press
686:in their 2007 album
623:A public library in
464:Amílcar Cabral with
449:Carnation Revolution
333:Amílcar Cabral with
185:12 September 1924 –
166:Amílcar Lopes Cabral
82:Amílcar Lopes Cabral
2238:Conflicts in Africa
2228:Languages of Africa
2202:Pan-African colours
1923:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
1566:African nationalism
1021:(17 January 2011),
736:Chilcote, Ronald H.
684:Cape Verdean Creole
538:to Cabral in 1973.
438:US State Department
2254:African philosophy
2233:Religion in Africa
1958:Zephania Mothopeng
1908:Amy Ashwood Garvey
1883:John Henrik Clarke
1873:Stokely Carmichael
1858:Molefi Kete Asante
1812:John Nyathi Pokela
1797:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1489:Africa in Struggle
1453:Charles Peterson,
1270:Chailand, Gérard.
1019:Brittain, Victoria
631:In popular culture
607:Veshnyaki District
573:, situated in the
564:William R. Tolbert
528:Amílcar Cabral Cup
486:
474:
339:
251:
230:Cape Verde Islands
215:Also known by the
2359:
2358:
2351:Africa portal
2191:Le Marron Inconnu
2173:
2172:
2026:
2025:
1822:Ahmed Sékou Touré
1671:
1670:
1591:Black nationalism
1571:African socialism
1328:Dhada, Mustafah.
892:978-0-8147-6058-1
714:Cabral, Amilcar.
707:Cabral, Amilcar.
700:Cabral, Amilcar.
482:Praia, Cape Verde
415:Ahmed Sékou Touré
347:Portuguese Guinea
335:Nicolae Ceaușescu
259:Portuguese Guinea
163:
162:
99:Portuguese Guinea
92:12 September 1924
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2336:
2325:
2324:
2315:
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2207:Pan-African flag
2037:
2036:
1983:Randall Robinson
1918:Leonard Jeffries
1898:W. E. B. Du Bois
1893:Cheikh Anta Diop
1888:Martin R. Delany
1712:David Comissiong
1682:
1681:
1581:Anti-imperialism
1556:
1555:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1429:
1425:978-1-787-381445
1374:
1337:Gleijeses, Piero
1330:Warriors at Work
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1040:Opening text of
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960:. 10 August 2009
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909:. Archived from
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760:(6): 1230–1237.
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680:Orchestra Baobab
575:Paddington Green
506:
468:in Cuba for the
307:
278:Lisbon, Portugal
192:
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111:
91:
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73:Personal details
61:
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2327:Africa category
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2211:
2169:
2056:
2022:
2018:Omali Yeshitela
1998:Issa Laye Thiaw
1928:Maulana Karenga
1913:John G. Jackson
1841:
1762:Patrice Lumumba
1727:Muammar Gaddafi
1667:
1632:African century
1620:
1547:
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1448:Wayback Machine
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1249:Chabal, Patrick
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1832:Robert Sobukwe
1829:
1827:Haile Selassie
1824:
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1814:
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1807:Julius Nyerere
1804:
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1742:Kenneth Kaunda
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Anténor Firmin
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Amílcar Cabral
1704:
1702:Nnamdi Azikiwe
1699:
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1545:Pan-Africanism
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1504:John Newsinger
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1435:External links
1433:
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1407:
1398:
1396:978-0821423721
1384:
1380:Monthly Review
1375:
1333:
1326:
1300:(3): 373–388.
1287:
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1228:(4): 555–568.
1217:
1216:pp. 53–60
1212:
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1137:cabralista.com
1124:
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1087:. 4 March 2020
1072:
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549:Patrick Chabal
532:Jorge Peixinho
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326:
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195:Bissau-Guinean
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112:(aged 48)
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2032:Organizations
2029:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
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1994:
1993:Burning Spear
1991:
1989:
1988:Walter Rodney
1986:
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1979:
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1971:
1969:
1968:Motsoko Pheko
1966:
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1954:
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1948:Archie Mafeje
1946:
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1941:
1939:
1936:
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1933:Alice Kinloch
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1802:Kwame Nkrumah
1800:
1798:
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1793:
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1788:
1787:Robert Mugabe
1785:
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1767:Samora Machel
1765:
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1752:Jomo Kenyatta
1750:
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1732:Marcus Garvey
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1878:Aimé Césaire
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1655:
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1576:Afrocentrism
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1152:
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1085:HistoryExtra
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2372:1924 births
2040:Educational
1853:Marimba Ani
1777:Thabo Mbeki
1685:Politicians
1637:Black power
1059:India Today
1001:29 December
775:10362/94384
648:Sans Soleil
516:Che Guevara
423:Luís Cabral
280:. While an
222:Abel Djassi
170:Portuguese:
34:family name
2366:Categories
1953:Ali Mazrui
1863:Steve Biko
1677:Proponents
1414:. London:
1108:"About us"
1042:Cabralista
864:20 October
723:References
676:Senegalese
662:Cabralista
586:Mozambique
562:President
442:Cape Verde
352:Cape Verde
189:1973-01-20
181:1924-09-12
88:1924-09-12
2061:Political
1943:Malcolm X
1938:Fela Kuti
1782:Tom Mboya
1643:Négritude
1606:Sankarism
1601:Nkrumaism
1596:Garveyism
1371:144904249
1322:154310499
1242:154939795
792:214034536
784:0707-5332
404:Aftermath
343:guerrilla
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1559:Variants
1552:Ideology
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1259:, 1983.
1193:29 March
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695:Writings
645:'s film
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357:de facto
282:agronomy
263:Santiago
228:and the
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2279:Kwanzaa
2247:Related
2178:Symbols
2165:ZANU–PF
1475:Cabral.
1167:11 July
1142:11 July
1091:5 March
1065:5 March
625:Bologna
615:Russian
398:Conakry
235:Marxism
115:Conakry
67:cadres.
1846:Others
1657:Ujamaa
1650:Ubuntu
1616:Zikism
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577:area.
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255:Bafatá
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669:Music
636:Films
536:elegy
391:Death
369:Ghana
299:PAIGC
270:Liceu
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383:and
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