Amhara people - Knowledge

1904: 1980: 1940: 1699: 2006: 1771: 988:. This expansion served as a cohesive force, binding together the disparate elements of the larger Ethiopian polity. This cohesion proved crucial for the Ethiopian state as it engaged in the process of modern nation-building in the 19th century, thereby preserving its independence against potential threats from European colonial powers. Additionally, it facilitated various modernizing initiatives, including the abolition of the slave trade, the implementation of new communication and transportation systems, the establishment of schools and hospitals, and the creation of modern government institutions. 2024: 4875:, Volume 38, Number 3, Cambridge University Press, pp. 258, 259–267, Quote: "Weavers tend to be the least and tanners the most frequently despised. In many cases such groups are said to have a different, more negroid appearance than their superiors. There are some instances where these groups have a religious basis, as with the Moslems and Falashas in Amhara areas. We frequently find that the despised classes are forbidden to own land, or have anything to do with agricultural activities, or with cattle. Commensality and marriage with their superiors seem also to be generally forbidden them." 1369: 1003: 1352: 1648: 178: 2051: 1922: 1793: 1437: 921: 650:"By 800, Axum had almost ceased to exist, and its demographic resources were barely adequate to stop the once tributary pastoralists of the border marches from pillaging the defenseless countryside." With some of the common people the Axumite elite abandoned Axum in favor of central Ethiopia. Christian families gradually migrated southward into Amhara and northern Shewa. Population movement from the old provinces in the north into more fertile areas in the south seems to have been connected to the southward shift of the kingdom. 1682: 138: 1717: 1420: 1147: 1958: 1335: 1318: 158: 1243: 118: 1386: 8363: 7644: 1403: 98: 8307: 7588: 198: 1735: 1036:(meaning "slave" in Amharic), they were captured during slave raids in Ethiopia's southern hinterland. War captives were another source of slaves, but the perception, treatment and duties of these prisoners was markedly different. According to Levine, the widespread slavery in Greater Ethiopia formally ended in the 1930s, but former slaves, their offspring, and de facto slaves continued to hold similar positions in the social hierarchy. 2127:

Boorana (Boräna), Guğği, Mäč̣č̣a and the like. Even so, Amharic-speaking Šäwans still feel themselves closer to non-Amharic-speaking Šäwans than to Amharic-speakers from distant regions like Gondär and there are few members of the Šäwan nobility who do not have Oromo genealogical links". According to Takkele Taddese, Amharic-speakers tend to be a "supra-ethnic group" composed of "fused stock". Taddese describes the Amhara as follows:

1753: 75: 758: 6217: 1665: 560: 2111:, Siegfried Pausewang concluded in 2005 that "the term Amhara relates in contemporary Ethiopia to two different and distinct social groups. The ethnic group of the Amhara, mostly a peasant population, is different from a mixed group of urban people coming from different ethnic background, who have adopted Amharic as a common language and identify themselves as Ethiopians". 699: 5660:) obliges the husband to pay housekeeper's wages for a period stated in advance. (...) The contract, although oral, was before witnesses and was therefore enforceable by court order. The wife had no right of inheritance, but if children were conceived during the contract period, they could make a claim for part of the father's property, should he die." 1814:

individual matter. For example, states Donald Levine, the influence of clergy among the Amhara has been based on "ritual purity, doctrinal knowledge, ability to perform miracles and capacity to provide moral guidance". The social relationships in the Amhara culture are predominantly based on hierarchical patterns and individualistic associations.

1226:, with men marrying in their late teens or early twenties. Traditionally, girls were married as young as 14, but in the 20th century, the minimum age was raised to 18, and this was enforced by the Imperial government. After a church wedding, divorce is frowned upon. Each family hosts a separate wedding feast after the wedding. 1044:

occupationally closed social stratification among the Amharas and other Afro-Asiatic-speaking Ethiopian ethnic groups. Some label it as an economically closed, endogamous class system with occupational minorities, whereas others such as David Todd assert that this system can be unequivocally labelled as caste-based.

1859:(shared food basket), with each person breaking off pieces of injera flatbread using only the right hand, from the side nearest them and dipping it into stew in the center of the basket. There is also a great variety of vegetarian stews such as lentils, ground split peas, grains, accompanied by injera and/or bread. 1979: 2126:

According to ethnographer Donald Levine, writing in 2003 and citing Christopher Clapham, "Only in the last quarter of the 20th cent. has the term come to be a common ethnic appellation, comparable to the way in which Oromo has become generalized to cover peoples who long knew themselves primarily as

2114:

In a 2017 article, historian Brian J. Yates notes that some "scholars and politicians have attempted to sketch out what an Amhara is, but there are considerable divergences on the nature of this identity. Some argue that it is a cultural identity; however, much of the scholarship indicates that it is

2091:

Mackonen Michael (2008) noted that the Amhara identity is claimed to be composed of multiple ethnicities by some, whereas others "reject this concept and argue that Amhara exists as a distinctive ethnic group with a specific located boundary". He further noted that "although people from the Ethiopian

1804:

Amhara art is typified by religious paintings. One of the notable features of these is the large eyes of the subjects, who are usually biblical figures. It is usually oil on canvas or hide, some surviving from the Middle Ages. The Amhara art includes weaved products embellished with embroidery. Works

846:

Despite every work on Ethiopia stressing the political dominance of the Amhara people in the history of the Ethiopian Christian empire. In both Christian and Muslim written traditions up to the 19th century, and in the Ethiopian chronicles of the 14th to 18th centuries, the term "Amhara" is a region,

2122:

Writing in 1998, Tegegne Teka wrote that "the Amhara do not possess what people usually refer to as objective ethnic markers: common ancestry, territory, religion and shared experience except the language. The Amhara have no claims to a common ancestry. They do not share the same sentiments and they

2118:

Solomon Gashaw asserts that "there is no intra-Amhara ethnic consciousness, except among northern settlers in southern Ethiopia". He notes that most Amharic-speaking people identify by their place of birth. He asks, "what is Amhara domination?", answering: "It is a linguistic and cultural domination

2095:

According to Gideon P. E. Cohen, writing in 2000, there is some debate about "whether the Amhara can legitimately be regarded as an ethnic group, given their distribution throughout Ethiopia, and the incorporative capacity of the group that has led to the inclusion of individuals from a wide range

1862:

Amharas adhering to any of the Abrahmic religions do not eat pork or shellfish of any kind for religious reasons. Amhara Orthodox Christians do not consume meat and dairy products (i.e. egg, butter, milk, and cheese) during specific fasting periods, and on every Wednesdays and Fridays except the 50

2131:

The Amhara can thus be said to exist in the sense of being a fused stock, a supra-ethnically conscious ethnic Ethiopian serving as the pot in which all the other ethnic groups are supposed to melt. The language, Amharic, serves as the center of this melting process although it is difficult to

1813:

The Amhara culture recognizes kinship, but unlike other ethnic groups in the Horn of Africa region, it has a lesser role. Household relationships are primary, and the major economic, political and cultural functions are not based on kin relationships among the Amharas. Rather abilities of the

2136:

philosophy and ideology as has been presented by the elite politicians. The basic principle of those who affirm the existence of the Amhara as a distinct ethnic group, therefore, is that the Amhara should be dislodged from the position of supremacy and each ethnic group should be freed from

1043:

of people ranked higher than slaves was based on the following concepts: (1) endogamy, (2) hierarchical status, (3) restraints on commensality, (4) pollution concepts, (5) traditional occupation, and (6) inherited caste membership. Scholars accept that there has been a rigid, endogamous and

1086:

group. As of 2018 it had more than 57 million speakers worldwide (32,345,260 native speakers plus 25,100,000 second language speakers), making it the most commonly-spoken language in Ethiopia in terms of first- and second-language speakers, and the second most spoken Semitic language after

4952:, Quote: "As Herbert Lewis has observed, if the term caste can be used for any social formation outside of the Indian context, it can be applied as appropriately to those Ethiopian groups otherwise known as 'submerged classes', 'pariah groups' and 'outcastes' as to any Indian case."; 1018:-speaking populations, there were four basic strata. According to the Donald Levine, these consisted of high-ranking clans, low-ranking clans, caste groups (artisans), and slaves. Slaves or rather servants were at the bottom of the hierarchy, and were primarily drawn from the pagan 1101:

Amharic is the working language of the federal authorities of the Ethiopian government, and one of the five official languages of Ethiopia. It was for some time also the sole language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by regional languages such as

2261:, the young have no problem pronouncing their Amhara identity, advocating for the protection and advancement of the rights and interests of their ethnic kin within the framework of the multi-nation state, and organizing politically along that particular ethnic identity". 2166:

which is a respected tribe; from it come the heads of the Ethiopian people, the governors, the military commanders, the judges and the advisers of the King of Ethiopia who appoint and dismiss, command and rule in the name of the King, his governors, and grandees.

1576:

regime (1974-1991) led to censorship of music; night life came to a standstill through government imposed curfews and the curbing of musical performances. Notable Ethiopian musicians were jailed including those of Amhara descent such as Ayalew Mesfin and

4862:, Quote: "Interestingly enough, while slaves and ex-slaves could 'integrate' into the larger society with relative ease, this was virtually impossible for the occupational minorities ('castes') up until very recently, in a good many cases to this day." 2132:

conceive of a language without the existence of a corresponding distinct ethnic group speaking it as a mother tongue. The Amhara does not exist, however, in the sense of being a distinct ethnic group promoting its own interests and advancing the

2096:

of ethnic or linguistic backgrounds". Similarly, Tezera Tazebew notes that "the early 1990s was marked by debates, both popular and scholarly, on the (non-)existence of Amhara as a distinct ethnic group", giving the debate between the academic

2370:

was found at 35.4% among the 48 sampled Amhara in a study. However, other studies have found an almost equal representation of E1b1b at approximately 57% in both the 25 Oromo and the 34 Amhara individuals. The second most prevalent lineage

952:, royal capital for the Ethiopian polity from the 1630s to the mid-19th century. Within the broader territory of Amharic speakers, certain regions developed into autonomous political centers. To the south, beyond Lake Tana, the province of 1829:, which is solemnized in church, where divorce is forbidden, and usually observed among the orthodox priests. Patrilineal descent is the norm. While the wife had no inheritance rights, in case a child was conceived during the temporary 2254:; but most ordinary people are yet to fully embrace it, not least because of the lack of any effectively articulated ideological foundation or priorities and the absence of any 'tailor-made' solutions to the challenges facing them". 1903: 1617:(1991-2018) continued; with prevailing themes being rampant corruption, economic favoritism, excessive emphasis on ethnic identity and its ability to undermine national unity. Amharic musicians; such as Getish Mamo, Nhatty Man, 983:

Through their control of the political center of Ethiopian society and via assimilation, conquests, and intermarriages, the Amhara have spread their language and many customs well beyond the borders of their primary homeland in

5248: 5191:

Ludolf, Hiob. 1682. A New History of Ethiopia. Being a Full and Accurate Description of the Kingdom of Abyssinia, Vulgarly, Though Erroneously Called the Empire of Prester John. Translated by J. P. Gent. London: Samuel Smith

803:

referring to him as the Lord of Amhara, "The Hatse, the Abyssinian king, the infidel and the Lord of the Amhara in Abyssinia died (in this year). His estates were much enlarged after wars waged and led by him against Sultan

5073: 1229:

Upon childbirth, a priest will visit the family to bless the infant. The mother and child remain in the house for 40 days after birth for physical and emotional strength. The infant will be taken to the church for

3445: 1625:

and used layered expression to evade skirt stringent censorship and oppressive laws (such as the anti-terror law) while reminding the people of their similarities and the importance of maintaining solidarity.

3841:

The Life of Takla Haymanot in the Version of Dabra Libanos and the Miracles of Takla Haymanot in the Version of Dabra Libanos, and the Book of the Riches of Kings. Translated by E. A. Wallis Budge. London

2092:

highland areas think of themselves as Amharas, the Northern Shoans specifically call themselves Amhara. That is why the Oromo and Tigrian discourse associate the Northern Shoans as oppressive-Amharas."

4981:, Quote (p. 509): "In virtually every Cushitic group there are endogamous castes based on occupational specialization (such caste groups are also found, to some extent, among the Ethiopian Semites).". 1939: 1855:, a large sourdough flatbread made of teff flour in the shape of pancakes usually of about 30 to 45 cm in diameter. When eating traditional injera dishes in groups, it's normally it eaten from a 2123:

have no mutual interests based on shared understandings. It is, therefore, difficult to conclude that the Amhara belong to an ethnic group. But this does not mean that there is no Amhara identity".

643:, as well as to the north-east of Ancharo (Chiqa Beret). The decorations and symbols which are inscribed on the pottery substantiate the expansion of Aksumite civilization to the south of Angot. 1311:, Africa's first scripted play. Since then countless literature in Amharic has been published and many modern-day writers in Amharic translate their work into English for commercial reasons. 744:, and therefore, their followers were called "Amhara" and brought this new name with them when they conquered new lands. Characterized by a Christian feudal culture, and by the adoption of 5405: 4762:(negroids) were far cheaper as they were destined mostly for hard work around the house and in the field... While in the houses of the brokers, the slaves were on the whole well treated. 1603:) was used for subversive dialogue and resistance to state censorship. Thousands of Ethiopians including musicians migrated during this period to form communities in different countries. 3428: 391:

branch which serves as the main and one of the five official languages of Ethiopia. As of 2018, Amharic has over 32 million native speakers and 25 million second language speakers.

2305:. Mistrust between the Amhara people and Abiy Ahmed's Prosperity Party heightened when Abiy Ahmed made the surprise decision to retreat from Tigray on July 1, 2021, leading to the 2359:

Studies comparing blood oxygenation in Amharas to nearby lowlands populations, and to the Andeans and Tibetans showed unique adaptations to living in a high altitude environment.

3607: 847:

not an ethnonym. In pre-17th century Ethiopia, Amhara was described as the heartland of the Empire and the cradle of the monarchy. Medieval European maps suggest that within the

6679:

Hubert Jules Deschamps, (sous la direction). Histoire générale de l'Afrique noire de Madagascar et de ses archipels Tome I : Des origines à 1800. p. 406 P.U.F Paris (1970)

2339:, for the past decade has caused widespread outrage around the Amhara region. This wave of violence has led to more Amharas turning towards Amhara nationalism to seek justice. 2023: 1219:

are the most important celebrations, marked with services, feasting and dancing. There are also many feast days throughout the year, when only vegetables or fish may be eaten.

5070: 3566:

United States Census Bureau 2009–2013, Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009–2013, USCB, 30 November 2016,

1870:

Ethiopia is a Buna (coffee) exporter, but also has a very large domestic consumer base. During social gatherings Amharas drink Buna in a unique and traditional way known as a

5845:

Cohen, Gideon P. E. (2000). "Language and Ethnic Boundaries: Perceptions of Identity Expressed through Attitudes towards the Use of Language Education in Southern Ethiopia".

6429:"Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area" 1957: 1994:

stew, served with a variety of vegetables, there are several variations. This example is served potatoes, beets, apple, salad, paprika and rice atop of injera. A popular

728:, and established the Solomonic Dynasty in 1270 AD. Yekuno's rule was legitimatized by the Ethiopian Church, after he defeated the last ruler of the Zagwe dynasty at the 628:. Several other sites and monuments indicate the presence of similar Axumite influences in the area, such as the Geta Lion statues, which are located 10 km south of 3449: 1308: 3515:

The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments.

653:

The Christianization of Amhara is believed to have begun somewhere during the Aksumite period. The political importance of Amhara further increased after the fall of

2242:

Zola Moges notes the emergence of Amhara nationalism and ethnic consciousness with origins in the early 1990s but taking clearer shape with the establishment of the

6865: 1123: 6855:

Vitae Sanctorum Indigenarum: I Acta S. Walatta Petros, Ii Miracula S. Zara-Baruk, edited by Carlo Conti Rossini and C. Jaeger Louvain: L. Durbecq, 1954, pg. 62.

6754: 2320:

further severed their relationship with the Amhara Fano when they forced the Fano to disarm after the end of the Tigray war resulting in the beginning of the

2257:

Amanuel Tesfaye writes that: "While the older Amhara population still detest ethnic identification and ethnic forms of political organization, preferring pan-

1881:

The ceremony is typically performed by the woman of the household, or the female host and is considered an honor. Amhara women dress up for the occasion in a

1289:

co-authored the earliest grammar book of the Amharic language, an Amharic-Latin dictionary, as well as contributing to Ludolf's book "A History of Ethiopia".

1610: 471:

and others. Some time before the 1st century AD, the North and South branches of Ethio-Semitic diverged. Due to the social stratification of the time, the

5237:

Admassu, Yonas. 2003. "Afäwarq Gäbrä Iyäsus." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C: Vol. 1, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 122–124. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.

486:. The proto-Amhara, or the northernmost South Ethio-Semitic speakers, remained in constant contact with their North Ethio-Semitic neighbors, evidenced by 7792: 7073: 425:

of the Amhara as a people, dates to the early 12th century in the middle of the Zagwe Dynasty, when the Amhara were recorded of being in conflict in the

6230:

Pickrell, Joseph K.; Patterson, Nick; Loh, Po-Ru; Lipson, Mark; Berger, Bonnie; Stoneking, Mark; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Reich, David (18 February 2014).

771:

Around this time, Medieval Arab historians state that Christian Ethiopia was under the sovereignty of "the Lord of Amhara" which confirms that the new

1921: 6564: 6476: 5413: 3783: 3398: 364:. According to the 2007 national census, Amharas numbered 19,867,817 individuals, comprising 26.9% of Ethiopia's population, and they are mostly 6139: 4419: 8106: 7387: 5948:

Yates, Brian J. (2017). "Ethnicity as a Hindrance for Understanding Ethiopian History: An Argument Against an Ethnic Late Nineteenth Century".

394:

The Amhara and neighboring groups in North and Central Ethiopia and Eritrea, more specifically the diaspora refer to themselves as "Habesha" (

6609: 4830:, who are potters and leather craftsmen and considered 'unclean' in the usual northern or Amhara understanding of caste distinction; and the 3425: 1518:, a large ten-string lyre; is an important instrument solely devoted to the spiritual part of Amhara music. Other instruments includes the 498:

sourced lexicon in Amharic. By about the 9th century AD, there was a linguistically distinct ethnic group called the Amhara in the area of

5201:

Uhlig, Siegbert. 2005. "Gorgoryos." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha: Vol. 2, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 855–856. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

5089:

Danver, Steven Laurence. Native Peoples of the World. 1st ed. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, an imprint of M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2013. Print.

1641:. In his song he tries to vent the suppressed public anger and indignation, the swelling public resentment to the chaos in the country. 5099: 3611: 3424:

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014, The People of Australia Statistics from the 2011 Census, Cat. no. 2901.0, ABS, 30 November 2016,

3164: 1698: 5247:

Plastow, Jane (2010). "The First African Play: Fabula Yawreoch Commedia & its influence on the development of Ethiopian Theatre".

1770: 8287: 7568: 7742: 7023: 1539:

and the availability of larger quantities of new instruments led to new genre's of Amharic music and ushered in the 1960s and 1970s

3682: 1368: 5435: 3853: 3255:, is a renowned lawyer and disability rights activist from Amhara Saint, Bete-Amhara (Wello now), Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. 7785: 7066: 4533:

Pankhurst, Richard (1986). "Fear God, Honor the King: The Use of Biblical Allusions in Ethiopian Historical Literature, Part I".

1871: 7679: 6689: 6116: 5212: 5009:, Quote: "Ethiopia has, until fairly recently, been a rigid feudal society with finely grained perceptions of class and caste". 1458: 6654: 3928: 3325: 1851:

Amhara cuisine consists of various vegetable or spicy meat side dishes and entrées, usually a wat, or thick stew, served atop

6955: 6923: 6892: 6664: 6099: 6060: 6017: 5992: 5740: 5649: 5604: 5222: 5055: 5002: 4945: 4855: 4785: 4751: 4701: 4674: 4509: 4454: 4429: 4279: 4239: 4206: 4171: 4146: 4121: 4088: 4063: 4005: 3963: 3938: 3908: 3865: 3793: 3753: 3726: 3692: 3590: 3551: 2005: 6417:

Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa

932:

The Amhara monarchs moved continuously from region to region, showing a particular preference for the southernly regions of

831:

in Shewa also began to adopt Amharic and assimilate into Amhara society. By the end of the 16th century, the populations of

6308: 3376: 1351: 1212: 3471: 1436: 6410: 4690:

Hoben, Allan (1970). "Social Stratification in Traditional Amhara Society". In Arthur Tuden and Leonard Plotnicov (ed.).

2306: 2274: 1265:

Surviving Amharic literary works dates back to the 14th century, when songs and poems were composed. In the 17th century

4581: 1878:(coffee pot) with boiling water. When ready it is then served to people in little cups, up to three times per ceremony. 1867:. On all other days meat and dairy products are allowed. A variety of vegan dishes are consumed during fasting periods. 8406: 7778: 7059: 2565: 1177: 1161: 369: 235: 17: 7728: 7713: 7009: 6994: 5258: 3508: 2785: 780: 5453: 4196: 3995: 2062:. The reason given is: the rise of Amhara ethnic nationalism and the resultant growth of ethnic identification. See 6719: 6569:

Identity Jilted, Or, Re-imagining Identity?: The Divergent Paths of the Eritrean and Tigrayan Nationalist Struggles

5730: 2317: 1647: 1561:

into an genre in the 1950s before joining the Ethio-Jazz scene later in his career. Other Amharic artists from the

4871:

Christopher R. Hallpike (2012, Original: 1968), "The status of craftsmen among the Konso of south-west Ethiopia",

3768:

Goitom, M. (2017) "Unconventional Canadians": Second-generation "Habesha" Youth and Belonging in Toronto, Canada.

3361: 1419: 620:

Evidence of a traceable Christian Aksumite presence in Amhara dates back to at least the 9th century AD, when the

5579: 2723: 2649: 1334: 1201: 657:, which marked the shift of the political center of the Christian Ethiopian state from Aksum in the north to the 478:

adopted the South Semitic language and mixed with the Semitic population. Amharic thus developed with a Cushitic

6635: 2352:

Research shows that Amharas have a mixture of a type of native African ancestry unique and autochthonous to the

2285:

which were forcefully annexed and ethnically cleansed into Tigray by the TPLF in 1991. The joint militias from

1467:

Up until the mid 20th century, Amharic music consisted mainly of religious and secular folk songs and dances.

997: 673: 5128: 4743:

Ethiopia: the era of the princes: the challenge of Islam and re-unification of the Christian Empire, 1769–1855

3500:

Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development

1681: 1473:

Amhara secular folk music developed in the countryside through the use of traditionel instruments such as the

709:, "Amda Seyon was one of the most outstanding Ethiopian kings of any age and a singular figure dominating the 8280: 7561: 6828:

J. Spencer Trimingham, Islam in Ethiopia (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), p. 74.

6334: 2660: 1716: 1540: 632:, and are believed to date back to the 3rd century AD, though they may even date back to pre-Axumite times. 6583: 3200: 3149: 1374: 1304: 1292:

Modern literature in Amharic however, started two centuries later than in Europe, with the Amharic fiction

765: 494:

and the ensuing integration and Christianization of the proto-Amhara also resulted in a high prevalence of

5490: 3567: 8229: 7510: 4612: 2375:, has been found to exist at levels as high as 35.4% in 39 sampled Amhara, of which 33.3% is of the type 2243: 1569:, Bahru Kegne, Kassa Tessema and Mary Armede were renowned for their mastery of traditionel instruments. 1317: 1083: 460: 345: 292: 6051:

Taddese, Takkele (1994). "Do the Amhara Exist as a Distinct Ethnic Group?". In Marcus, Harold G. (ed.).

3426:

https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/people-australia-2013-statistics.pdf

2313:

marching thorough cities in North Gonder, North Wollo, and Wag Hemra causing mass rape and destruction.

1914:

A stew dish served with beef, lamb, chicken, eggs and variety of vegetables, on top of Injera flatbread.

8362: 8239: 7643: 7520: 6008:

Teka, Tegegne (1998). "Amhara ethnicity in the making". In Salih, M.A. Mohamed; Markakis, John (eds.).

365: 5503:

Shelemay, 2022, Sing and Sing On: Sentinel Musicians and the Making of the Ethiopian American Diaspora

5046:

Teferra, Anbessa (2018). "Hebraized Amharic in Israel". In Hary, Benjamin; Bunin Benor, Sarah (eds.).

5018:

Central Statistical Agency. 2010. Population and Housing Census 2007 Report, National. Available at:

4758:

There was a clear distinction between 'red' and 'black' slaves, Hamitic and negroid respectively; the

1402: 1385: 7801: 7082: 1094:

Most of the Ethiopian Jewish communities in Ethiopia and Israel speak Amharic. Many followers of the

928:

from the German-born missionary, Johann Martin Flad, who was one of the European prisoners at Magdala

680:(lit. "language of the king") as well as fill the Amhara nobles in the top positions of his Kingdom. 5390: 8401: 8273: 7554: 2367: 1173: 1115: 933: 6613: 6359:

Semino O, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Falaschi F, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA (January 2002).

1734: 725: 8352: 7633: 6053:

New Trends in Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies

5983:

Gashaw, Solomon (1993). "Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia". In Young, Crawford (ed.).

4920:

Dave Todd (1978), "The origins of outcastes in Ethiopia: reflections on an evolutionary theory",

2141:

to have equal status with everybody else. This sense of Amhara existence can be viewed as a myth.

2108: 1260: 1040: 479: 317: 5792: 5469:

Proceedings of the XVth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Hamburg, July 20-25, 2003

5019: 4367:

Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation".

8120: 7401: 5385: 5301: 2273:. Civilian's from the Amhara and Agew ethnic groups took up arms to defend the region from the 1950:

Grilled beef with tomato, onions and green pepper. There are several variations of Tibs dishes.

1752: 1079: 1015: 6788: 4834:, the traditional hunters and eaters of 'unclean' foods – hippopotamus, monkey and crocodile." 4337: 4306:"Le lion de Kombolcha et le léopard d'Aksum : des félins rupestres paléochrétiens ?" 4269: 1664: 8375: 8254: 8234: 7916: 7809: 7656: 7535: 7515: 7197: 7090: 4992: 4935: 4845: 4775: 4664: 3580: 3541: 3527: 2972: 2328: 2310: 2258: 823:, they increasingly succumbed to Amhara acculturation. Other South Semitic speakers like the 5103: 635:

In 1998, ancient pieces of pottery were found around tombs in Atatiya in Southern Wollo, in

585:

was composed of several provinces which had little or no autonomy, these provinces included

490:

analysis and oral traditions. A 7th century southward shift of the center of gravity of the

8380: 8249: 7661: 7530: 6776: 6253: 6163: 6085: 5528: 5513: 4561: 4326:

Briggs, P. and Wildman, K. (2014). Ethiopia. Chalfont St Peter: Bradt Travel Guides, p.357.

3258: 3194: 2978: 2895: 2628: 2592: 2581: 2372: 2184: 2176: 1442: 1425: 1357: 1340: 1300: 1216: 1169: 1157: 384: 1098:

movement learn Amharic as a second language, as they consider it to be a sacred language.

8: 7966: 7750: 7689: 7247: 7031: 6140:"Commentary: The Birth of Amhara Nationalism: Causes, Aspirations, and Potential Impacts" 3296: 3252: 1181: 914: 621: 554: 357: 27:

This article is about the African ethnic group. For the South American ethnic group, see

6257: 5704: 4114:

Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia: Monarchy, Revolution and the Legacy of Meles Zenawi

2068:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2034:

Amhara coffee culture & hospitality. Young woman in traditional wear serving coffee.

1002: 8347: 8244: 7818: 7765: 7628: 7525: 7099: 7046: 6772: 6453: 6428: 6284: 6243: 6231: 6192: 6165: 5965: 5870: 5862: 5820: 5773: 5683: 5032: 4972: 4968: 4910: 4902: 4542: 4400: 4392: 3061: 2996: 2883: 2871: 2779: 2773: 2754: 2251: 2097: 2086: 2063: 1894: 1074:. Its native speakers account for 29.3% of the Ethiopian population. It belongs to the 852: 805: 472: 8306: 7587: 6819:

James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1805 edition), vol. 3 pp. 93f

6385: 6360: 6216: 6211: 6094:. Translated by Seltzer, Richard. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. pp. 345–346. 2250:

ethnic militias in the 2010s. Moges writes that a "younger generation has adopted its

2107:

Due to large amounts of assimilation into the northern Amhara culture after Ethiopian

754:. This population of a rather small province became the dominant group in the empire. 7926: 7724: 7709: 7207: 7005: 6990: 6961: 6951: 6919: 6888: 6781: 6733: 6697: 6660: 6458: 6390: 6361:"Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny" 6289: 6271: 6197: 6095: 6056: 6013: 5988: 5969: 5874: 5824: 5812: 5777: 5736: 5645: 5600: 5561: 5542: 5472: 5366: 5254: 5218: 5051: 4998: 4941: 4914: 4851: 4819: 4805: 4781: 4747: 4722: 4697: 4670: 4515: 4505: 4460: 4450: 4425: 4404: 4384: 4305: 4294:

Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 36.

4275: 4235: 4212: 4202: 4177: 4167: 4142: 4117: 4094: 4084: 4059: 4011: 4001: 3959: 3934: 3904: 3861: 3789: 3749: 3722: 3688: 3655: 3586: 3547: 3504: 3392: 3241: 3218: 2984: 2852: 2604: 2380: 2376: 1842: 1792: 1653: 1554: 1462: 1247: 1223: 1189: 1107: 1075: 920: 820: 772: 733: 706: 693: 523: 422: 406: 395: 388: 328: 5214:

Lexicon Grammaticorum: A bio-bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics

5178: 4976: 4955:

Lewis, Herbert S. (2006). "Historical problems in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa".

3832:

Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 81

8188: 8013: 7983: 7846: 7469: 7294: 7264: 7127: 6939: 6448: 6440: 6380: 6372: 6358: 6279: 6261: 6207: 6187: 6177: 5957: 5928: 5897: 5854: 5804: 5765: 5679: 5343: 5313: 4964: 4894: 4376: 4349: 3678: 3336: 3160: 3152:, pioneer of Ethiopian and African theater, also military commander and politician. 2865: 2695: 2616: 2610: 2586: 2162:

As to my origins, do not imagine, my friend, that they are humble, for I am of the

2138: 1687: 1670: 1553:

qañat of the Amhara combined with the use of Western instruments. Saxophone legend

957: 848: 816: 784: 729: 689: 654: 567: 491: 468: 464: 402: 308: 296: 57: 6164:

Jason A. Hodgson; Connie J. Mulligan; Ali Al-Meeri; Ryan L. Raaum (12 June 2014).

4563:

Zagwe dynasty | Solomonic dynasty, Lalibela, Axumite Empire | Britannica

1825:), which has been most common and allows divorce. Other forms of marriage include 8296: 8133: 8091: 7876: 7577: 7414: 7372: 7157: 6414: 6182: 6089: 5639: 5594: 5331: 5154: 5077: 4741: 4691: 3922: 3920: 3743: 3716: 3498: 3432: 3118: 3014: 2846: 2666: 2645: 2570: 2336: 1592: 1566: 1408: 1131: 1019: 968:

became the center for the development of a political dynasty culminating in King

796: 606: 284: 80: 6481:

Abyssinia's Samuel Johnson: Ethiopian Thought in the Making of an English Author

3333:

Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results

1805:

in gold and silver exist in the form of filigree jewelry and religious emblems.

573:"Amhara" was historically a medieval province located in the modern province of 8148: 8096: 8031: 7939: 7684: 7429: 7377: 7312: 7220: 6911: 6870:

Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991

5302:"Investigating qәñәt in Amhara secular music: An acoustic and historical study" 3291: 3206: 3155: 3106: 3074: 3042: 3033: 3008: 2927: 2889: 2829: 2691: 2672: 2561: 2353: 2302: 2286: 2247: 2180: 2151: 1704: 1638: 1544: 1391: 1323: 1274: 1197: 1146: 1119: 1103: 977: 969: 944:

until the political upheavals of the 16th century, after which the province of

878: 828: 710: 640: 511: 441: 437: 375:

They are also found within the Ethiopian expatriate community, particularly in

268: 163: 6408: 5933: 5916: 5808: 5769: 5565: 5275: 4726: 4216: 4015: 3917: 1299:, published in Rome in 1908, widely considered the first novel in Amharic, by 8395: 8321: 8163: 7988: 7978: 7961: 7911: 7901: 7891: 7866: 7836: 7602: 7444: 7269: 7259: 7242: 7192: 7182: 7172: 7147: 7117: 6944: 6838: 6802: 6275: 5816: 5370: 4519: 4464: 4388: 4181: 4098: 3659: 3169: 3048: 2840: 2598: 2543: 2321: 1882: 1776: 1578: 1193: 1185: 1111: 1071: 894: 890: 865: 750: 669: 658: 582: 430: 376: 361: 276: 123: 28: 7770: 7051: 6965: 6266: 5901: 5476: 5317: 1242: 851:, Amhara had a higher position as a "kingdom" among provinces. The Italian ( 8213: 8208: 8203: 8193: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8158: 8153: 8143: 8138: 8128: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8056: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8026: 7998: 7971: 7949: 7886: 7881: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7474: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7439: 7434: 7424: 7419: 7409: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7337: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7307: 7279: 7252: 7230: 7167: 7162: 7142: 7137: 7132: 6539: 6462: 6394: 6293: 6206:; Supplementary Text S1: Affinities of the Ethio-Somali ancestry component 6201: 4353: 3881:

Edzard, Lutz (2019). "Amharic". In John Huehnergard; Naʽama Pat-El (eds.).

3745:

Rebels and Separatists in Ethiopia: Regional Resistance to a Marxist Regime

3237: 3212: 3112: 3090: 2877: 2717: 2711: 2633: 2575: 2555: 2549: 2101: 1797: 824: 811:

The cultural contact and interaction between the Amhara and the indigenous

741: 717: 702: 614: 563: 483: 349: 231: 36:

Semitic-speaking ethnic group native to Ethiopia in the Ethiopian Highlands

5858: 5622: 5347: 4029: 3636: 8183: 8066: 8061: 8051: 8021: 7954: 7944: 7896: 7871: 7831: 7826: 7701: 7464: 7347: 7342: 7332: 7302: 7235: 7225: 7177: 7152: 7112: 7107: 6982: 6887:(3rd ed.). Jefferson, NC, USA: McFarland & Company. p. 93. 4271:

A History of Ethiopia: Volume I (Routledge Revivals): Nubia and Abyssinia

3175: 3137: 3100: 3096: 3002: 2959: 2937: 2933: 2823: 2817: 2678: 2639: 2327:

Wide spread attacks and mob killings of Amhara women and children by the

2188: 2172: 2163: 2155: 1927: 1740: 1480: 1286: 1205: 985: 925: 898: 874: 812: 776: 721: 676:

in his power struggle against his brothers which led him to make Amharic

647: 578: 499: 487: 475: 445: 410: 272: 264: 243: 6720:"Model Gelila Bekele Interview ( VIDEO) in Amharic - Ethiopiaforums.com" 5961: 5866: 4823: 4809: 4546: 3823:

IL SULTANATO DELLO SCIOA NEL SECOLO XIII, page 10, Enrico Cerulli., 1941

3785:

Africana the encyclopedia of the african and african american experience

3412: 1833:

marriage, the child could make a claim a part of the father's property.

1110:. Nevertheless, Amharic is still widely used as the working language of 8331: 8101: 8003: 7841: 7612: 7382: 7284: 7122: 5888:

Tazebew, Tezera (2021). "Amhara nationalism: The empire strikes back".

5365:. Munster, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 207. 4906: 3568:

https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html

3301: 3271: 3181: 3143: 3124: 3005:, Empress of Ethiopia, reign between 2 November 1930 – 15 February 1962 2990: 2953: 2834: 2767: 2654: 2282: 2270: 2228: 2133: 1985: 1968:

Beans with variety of vegetables, feta cheese and bread, flavored with

1963: 1909: 1893:(honey wine), which are served and drunk on major religious festivals, 1846: 1758: 1634: 1630: 1618: 1536: 973: 956:

developed a dynasty of rulers and became a powerful kingdom within the

886: 288: 4816:

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ethiopian Studies

4802:

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ethiopian Studies

4396: 3530:

employed for Amharic geographic names in British and American English.

2999:, author, Sakharov prize winning human rights activist and politician. 2392: 2269:

Amhara nationalism, which was once seen as taboo, exploded during the

705:

depicted on a 15th century manuscript. According to British historian

8336: 8326: 8198: 7993: 7617: 7607: 7479: 7274: 5529:"Continuity and change: Some aspects of Ethiopian music in Australia" 3084: 2804: 2748: 2726:, Ethiopian Catholic cardinal, Head of the Ethiopian Catholic Church. 2622: 2356:, as well as ancestry originating from a non-African back-migration. 1864: 1722: 1278: 1095: 1022: 910: 856: 788: 629: 625: 280: 183: 6055:. Vol. II. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. pp. 168–186. 5670:

Weissleder, W. (2008). "Amhara Marriage: The Stability of Divorce".

5156:

The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, Part 2, Volume 23

4898: 522:("gracious"). Another popular etymology claims that it derives from 401:

Historically, the Amhara held significant political position in the

8340: 7621: 6444: 6376: 5132: 4380: 3811:

Wax & gold : tradition and innovation in Ethiopian culture

3246: 3027: 2914: 2791: 2770:, Ethiopian-Israeli singer, competed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2742: 2237: 945: 840: 800: 761: 590: 353: 251: 103: 64: 8265: 7546: 6248: 6033:

Levine, Donald N. (2003). "Amhara". In von Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.).

3979:

Appleyard, David. "Amharic: History and dialectology of Amharic".

757: 495: 74: 7906: 7187: 3446:"Kieli sukupuolen mukaan maakunnittain ja kunnittain 1990 - 2017" 3277: 2908: 2736: 2705: 2278: 2187:'s forces, where Bulatovich was attached to as an advisor to the 1969: 1606: 1508: 1498: 1475: 1282: 1266: 1231: 1135: 1053: 745: 586: 456: 409:

and all the Solomonic emperors were Amhara with the exception of

380: 247: 219: 203: 5987:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 138–157. 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 3326:"Table 2.2 Percentage Distribution of Major Ethnic Groups: 2007" 3323: 6690:"Gelila Bekele – Ethiopia – Interview with Model Gelila Bekele" 6232:"Ancient west Eurasian ancestry in southern and eastern Africa" 5985:

The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?

5080:. Published 4 November 2011 by Jah Rebel. Retrieved 4 May 2013. 3608:"One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages" 2700: 2332: 2294: 2290: 2029: 1991: 1875: 1852: 1588: 1549: 1524: 1514: 1503: 1184:. According to the 2007 census, 82.5% of the population of the 1152: 1088: 1026: 953: 949: 941: 832: 594: 559: 143: 6091:

Ethiopia Through Russian Eyes Country in Transition, 1896-1898

4421:

The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050

3930:

The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050

1535:

From the 1950s onward foreign influence i.e. foreign educated

843:

were almost completely made up of Christian Amharic speakers.

7721:

Wax & Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture

7002:

Wax & Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture

5690: 5020:

http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3583/download/50086

4642: 4640: 4626: 4624: 4606: 4604: 3231: 3078: 3037: 2941: 2648:, Vice President and Press Secretary for the Ethiopian-based 2298: 2219:

Who is this Amhara-Menelik to whom we are supposed to submit?

1995: 1886: 1856: 1637:

and his regime in a critical new song (Na'et), following the

1469: 1293: 1270: 1211:

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church maintains close links with the

1007: 965: 937: 906: 902: 836: 698: 662: 636: 610: 602: 598: 574: 239: 3335:. United Nations Population Fund. p. 16. Archived from 2788:, Ethiopian nun known for her piano playing and compositions 2589:, Second Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church 1885:, a traditional dress. Other locally produced beverages are 1874:. First the coffee is roasted, then ground and placed in a 1150:

Crowds gather at the Fasilides' Bath in Gondar to celebrate

869:

in 1460. Important information on Amhara is provided in the

815:

accelerated after the 14th century. As the Agaw adopted the

6496:

Barefoot Runner: The Life of Marathon Champion Abebe Bikila

5334:(January 1975). "The "Azmari", Poet-Musician of Ethiopia". 1945: 1614: 1583: 1573: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1014:

Within traditional Amharic society and that of other local

961: 448:

even further back to the mid 9th century AD as a location.

6229: 5641:

Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East

4637: 4621: 4601: 4030:"Amhara | Definition, History, & Culture | Britannica" 3354: 6734:"Senamirmir Projects: Interview with Dr. Getatchew Haile" 5580:"Teddy Afro bashes government with a critical new single" 2100:

and president of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia

2011: 1890: 1817:

Family and kin relatives are often involved in arranging

1307:

pioneered African and Ethiopian theatre when he authored

6426: 6166:"Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa" 6012:. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikaininstutet. pp. 116–126. 5436:"Samuel Yirga Ushers in a Golden Age of Ethiopian Music" 4937:

Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society

4800:

Eike Haberland (1979), "Special Castes in Ethiopia", in

4777:

Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society

4719:

Revolutionary Ethiopia: from empire to people's republic

4666:

Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society

3684:

Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society

1932:

A spicy raw beef dish seasoned with a variety of spices.

1269:

became the first African language to be translated into

779:

in the eyes of the contemporary. The Egyptian historian

4696:. New York: The Free Press. pp. 210–211, 187–221. 1502:

flute played by the local village musicians called the

339: 6427:

Semino O; Magri C; Benuzzi G; et al. (May 2004).

5406:"Kay Kaufman Shelemay-Ethiopia: Empire and Revolution" 4721:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 160. 3064:, First Israeli Government Minister of Amahara descent 2154:

states the following in a letter to his German friend

1250:

taken from a 15th-century Ethiopian Coptic prayer book

1126:. The Amharic language is transcribed using a script ( 1006:

1921 photo captioned "Amhara head of the guard of the

4818:, Editor: Robert Hess, University of Illinois Press, 4804:, Editor: Robert Hess, University of Illinois Press, 4258:, p. 230. Harrassowitz Verlag (Wiesbaden), 2003. 2115:

solely a class-based identity, devoid of ethnicity".

322: 7743:"Who ruled Ethiopia? The myth of 'Amara domination'" 7024:"Who ruled Ethiopia? The myth of 'Amara domination'" 4614:

Islam: Yesterday and Today translated by Emran Waber

3714: 1124:

Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region

510:

The origin of the Amhara name is debated. A popular

6946:

The Falashas: A Short History of the Ethiopian Jews

5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5599:. International African Institute. pp. 33–35. 4814:Amnon Orent (1979), "From the Hoe to the Plow", in 3958:. Manchester University Press. pp. 36, 87–88. 3472:"All Ethiopian Jews must be brought home to Israel" 2264: 2145: 6943: 6780: 6117:"Shaping Amhara nationalism for a better Ethiopia" 5558:Music and messaging in the African political arena 4267: 2179:, detailing hostile exchange of words between the 1130:) which is slightly modified from the Ethiopic or 1082:language family, and is the largest member of the 356:, traditionally inhabiting parts of the northwest 5048:Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present 4780:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 56, 175. 3374: 1800:in the church of Debre Berhan Selassie in Gondar. 1277:(1595–1658) in 1652 AD made a European voyage to 8393: 6771: 6540:"Amhara Contributions to Ethiopian Civilization" 6533: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6525: 5715: 4658: 4656: 3858:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook 2880:, Award-winning writer, producer & director. 2238:The rise of ethnic consciousness and nationalism 2209:We do not know Amhara-Menelik. Go away! Go away! 2201:We are from the sovereign of the Amhara Menelik. 1285:. Gorgoryos along with his colleague and friend 901:to the south. The province consisted of much of 154: 6918:(2nd ed.). Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. 6726: 6575: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6335:"How the Amhara Breathe Differently Razib Khan" 6236:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5050:. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 489–519. 4669:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 56–57. 4650:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 232. 4634:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 231. 4598:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 230. 4481:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 168. 3673: 3671: 3669: 3362:"Languages spoken in American Households, 2020" 1512:; the most well known Amharan folk dance. The 114: 6601: 6075:Richard Pankhurst, Travelers in Ethiopia, p.59 5633: 5631: 5618: 5616: 5299: 4812:, pp. 129–132 (also see pp. 134–135, 145–147); 4582:"Ethiopia - the Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties" 4111: 3649: 3599: 1234:at 40 days (for boys) or 80 days (for girls). 8281: 7800: 7786: 7562: 7081: 7067: 6910: 6906: 6904: 5526: 5300:Weisser, Stéphanie; Falceto, Francis (2013). 5277:The Origin and Development Amharic Literatuhe 5210: 5123: 5121: 4653: 4112:Prunier, Gérard; Ficquet, Éloi, eds. (2015). 3894: 3892: 2040: 536: 526: 49: 7766:People of Africa, Amhara Culture and History 7047:People of Africa, Amhara Culture and History 6502: 5756:Michael, Mackonen (2008). "Who is Amhara?". 4490:Mohammad Hassan, The Oromo of Ethiopia, pp.3 4418:Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). 4141:. Manchester University Press. p. 124. 4139:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification 4056:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification 3956:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification 3901:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification 3666: 3411:pp, 25 (2015) United Kingdom. Available at: 2975:, Military officer, diplomat, court official 2820:, dabtara renowned in Amharic oral tradition 2625:, musician, singer, and master of the Begena 2119:by a multi-ethnic group who speak Amharic". 1543:. The popular Ethio-Jazz genre pioneered by 998:Caste systems in Africa § Amhara people 881:, himself a native of Amhara. On the map of 7704:and Thomas L. Kane (collected and edited), 6985:and Thomas L. Kane (collected and edited), 5628: 5613: 5592: 5560:. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. pp. 12–17. 5543:"Ethiopian Music | Brilliant Ethiopia" 5071:Bernard Collins (The Abyssinians) Interview 4940:. University of Chicago Press. p. 56. 4885:Todd, David M. (1977). "Caste in Africa?". 4424:. Cambridge University Press. p. 101. 4166:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 15, 133–138. 4058:. Manchester University Press. p. 88. 3933:. Cambridge University Press. p. 126. 3927:Fage, J.D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). 3903:. Manchester University Press. p. 36. 3782:Gate, Henry Louis; Appiah, Anthony (2005). 3654:. London: Hurst & Company. p. 39. 3397:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2175:, a first-hand account of Russian officer, 1609:songs of resistance against the autocratic 799:wrote a passage about the death of Emperor 736:may have been referred to as the "kings of 174: 8288: 8274: 7793: 7779: 7569: 7555: 7074: 7060: 6901: 6783:Peace and War: Cross-Cultural Perspectives 6352: 6084: 5669: 5273: 5253:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 138–150. 5118: 4957:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 4893:(4). Cambridge University Press: 398–412. 4417: 3926: 3889: 3781: 3631: 3629: 3585:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 27. 3165:National Intelligence and Security Service 1621:and others turned to the old tradition of 94: 73: 6607: 6452: 6384: 6283: 6265: 6247: 6191: 6181: 6010:Ethnicity and the State in Eastern Africa 5932: 5914: 5454:"How Ethiopian jazz got its unique sound" 5389: 5363:Ethiopia: history, culture and challenges 5100:"FDRE States: Basic Information – Amhara" 4767: 4532: 4116:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 19. 4000:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 18–21. 3860:. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 1178–1212. 3280:, Empress of Ethiopia between 1916 - 1930 2657:, ruler of Bete Amhara, Damot & Shewa 2150:In the 17th century, Abyssinian traveler 194: 6759:"Intellectual Outlook of Kebede Michael" 6753: 6046: 6044: 5881: 5637: 5555: 5471:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 185. 5284: 4990: 4847:The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896–1974 3788:. Oxford University Press. p. 187. 3496: 2776:, better known as Gigi, Ethiopian singer 2331:and aligned Oromo nationalist groups in 1791: 1273:when Ethiopian priest and lexicographer 1241: 1188:was Ethiopian Orthodox; 17.2% of it was 1145: 1001: 991: 919: 756: 697: 558: 436:A non-contemporary 13th or 14th century 134: 6938: 6882: 6537: 6493: 6475: 6137: 6050: 6026: 5887: 5790: 5755: 5732:Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia 5246: 5045: 5039: 5025: 4232:Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527 4136: 4053: 3953: 3898: 3721:. Oxford University Press. p. 26. 3650:Prunier, Gerard; Ficquet, Eloi (2015). 3626: 3490: 2782:, prominent female Ethiopian economist. 2362: 1808: 787:(1304-1305 AD) labelled the Emperor of 740:", due to the origin of their founder, 413:since the rise of the dynasty in 1270. 14: 8394: 6837: 6581: 6032: 5982: 5728: 5491:"Getatchew Mekuria, leeuw der leeuwen" 5384:"FNRS-Université Libre de Bruxelles". 5330: 4933: 4843: 4773: 4716: 4662: 4617:. Istituto Per L'Oriente. p. 315. 4366: 4360: 4303: 4229: 4161: 4078: 3885:. London: Routledge. pp. 202–226. 3880: 3808: 3677: 3560: 3546:. British Academic Press. p. 13. 3539: 3324:Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia. 2855:, Legendary Ethiopian Jazz Saxophonist 1459:List of musicians using Amharic vocals 639:which is located to the south-east of 581:), the area which is now known as the 8269: 7774: 7550: 7055: 6864: 6801: 6652: 6563: 6114: 6041: 5947: 5844: 5791:Michael, Mackonen (1 November 2008). 5466: 5360: 4997:. London: Routledge. pp. 14–15. 4954: 4850:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 67–70. 4689: 4335: 4201:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 22. 4194: 4083:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 45–52. 3993: 3978: 3851: 3741: 3578: 3413:https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB 3319: 3317: 2347: 2277:and take back the contested lands of 863:or "Kingdom of Amhara" in his famous 518:("pleasing; beautiful; gracious") or 7695: 6007: 5211:Stammerjohann, Harro (2 June 2009). 5159:. Greystone Press. 1967. p. 300 4884: 4739: 2044: 1557:instrumentalized the Amhara war cry 1213:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 683: 89:Regions with significant populations 8295: 7734: 7576: 5527:Jong, De; Elizabeth, Holly (2011). 5250:African Theatre Histories 1850-1950 4610: 4234:. Clarendon Press. pp. 34–38. 3652:Understanding contemporary Ethiopia 3503:. Universal-Publishers. p. 1. 3184:, Ethiopian-Canadian R&B artist 3121:, Chief Project Manager of the GERD 2956:, military commander & noblemen 2601:, Honorable Laureate Maitre Artiste 1821:(eighty bond marriage, also called 24: 7723:(Chicago: University Press, 1972) 7004:(Chicago: University Press, 1972) 6976: 6950:. London: Frank Cass. p. 94. 6653:Graca, John V. Da (18 June 1985). 6433:American Journal of Human Genetics 6365:American Journal of Human Genetics 6306: 5684:10.1111/j.1755-618x.1974.tb00004.x 4969:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb50145.x 3605: 3314: 3087:, fashion model & entrepreneur 2826:, 18th-19th century lord of Semien 2566:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church 2386: 1178:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 1162:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 722:Bete Amhara (lit: House of Amhara) 370:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 236:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 25: 8418: 7680:Amhara Region coup d'état attempt 7015: 6916:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia 6212:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004393.s017 5280:(Thesis). Addis Ababa University. 4504:. The Red Sea Press. p. 53. 4449:. The Red Sea Press. p. 53. 4254:Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. "Amhara" in 3540:Zegeye, Abebe (15 October 1994). 3274:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3249:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3234:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3178:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3127:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3093:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3051:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3045:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 3030:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2993:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2987:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2917:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2911:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2892:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2837:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2807:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2794:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2751:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2745:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2739:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2708:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2636:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire 2318:Ethiopian National Defense Forces 2301:unified as one under the name of 1572:The political turmoil during the 885:, Amhara is situated between the 405:. They were at the origin of the 8361: 8305: 7708:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2001. 7642: 7586: 6989:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2001. 6932: 6876: 6858: 6849: 6831: 6822: 6813: 6795: 6765: 6747: 6712: 6682: 6673: 6646: 6636:"Lebna Dengel – Ethiopian Ruler" 6628: 6557: 6487: 6469: 6420: 6401: 6332: 6326: 6300: 6223: 6215: 6157: 6131: 6115:Moges, Zola (1 September 2020). 6108: 6078: 6069: 6001: 5976: 5941: 5908: 5838: 5784: 5749: 5663: 5586: 5572: 4338:"A Short History of the Argobba" 4304:Anfrey, Francis (January 2011). 3011:, musician, father of Ethio-jazz 2558:, Olympic athlete, gold medalist 2265:Amhara nationalism in the 2020's 2146:Ethnic consciousness in the past 2049: 2022: 2004: 1978: 1956: 1938: 1920: 1902: 1769: 1751: 1733: 1715: 1697: 1680: 1663: 1646: 1506:, and the peasantry dancing the 1435: 1418: 1401: 1384: 1367: 1350: 1333: 1316: 909:, and encompassed the region of 668:The Amhara nobles supported the 196: 176: 156: 136: 116: 96: 8372:Multi-ethnic civic nationalism 7653:Multi-ethnic civic nationalism 6138:Tesfaye, Amanuel (4 May 2018). 5917:"The two-faced Amhara identity" 5549: 5535: 5520: 5506: 5497: 5483: 5460: 5446: 5428: 5398: 5377: 5354: 5324: 5293: 5274:Aregahegne, Assefa (May 1981). 5267: 5240: 5231: 5204: 5195: 5185: 5171: 5147: 5092: 5083: 5064: 5035:. Ethnologue. 19 February 1999. 5012: 4984: 4963:(2). Wiley-Blackwell: 504–511. 4927: 4878: 4865: 4837: 4794: 4733: 4710: 4693:Social stratification in Africa 4683: 4588: 4574: 4553: 4526: 4493: 4484: 4471: 4438: 4411: 4329: 4320: 4297: 4288: 4274:. Routledge. pp. 123–124. 4261: 4248: 4223: 4188: 4155: 4130: 4105: 4072: 4047: 4022: 3987: 3972: 3947: 3874: 3845: 3835: 3826: 3817: 3802: 3775: 3762: 3735: 3708: 3687:. University of Chicago Press. 3643: 3572: 3533: 2868:, Foreign Minister and Novelist 2724:Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel 2650:Unity for Democracy and Justice 2395: 2246:in 2018 along with the rise of 1168:For centuries, the predominant 451: 6914:; Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2013). 5705:"Ethiopian Treasures- Culture" 5656:, Quote: "Temporary marriage ( 5625:Encyclopædia Britannica (2015) 3520: 3464: 3438: 3418: 3405: 3368: 3364:. United States Census Bureau. 3221:, ruler of Semien & Tigray 3197:, Ethiopian general and noble. 1180:playing a central role in the 877:, the data of which came from 795:or "the Amhara King". In 1436 781:al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il 360:, particularly inhabiting the 13: 1: 7673: 6656:Heads of State and Government 6582:Barder, Brian (25 May 1999). 6538:Tolossa, Fikre (April 1993). 6035:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C 5915:Pausewang, Siegfried (2005). 5678:(1). Wiley-Blackwell: 67–85. 5596:Ethnographic Survey of Africa 4648:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C 4632:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C 4596:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C 4479:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C 4195:Butts, Aaron Michael (2015). 3994:Butts, Aaron Michael (2015). 3856:. In Weninger, Stefan (ed.). 3715:Marvin Lionel Bender (1976). 3610:. Africa News. Archived from 3415:(Accessed: 30 November 2016). 3307: 2066:for discussion on this topic. 1541:Golden Age of Ethiopian music 1254: 6640:epicworldhistory.blogspot.nl 6183:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004393 5672:Canadian Review of Sociology 5102:. Population. Archived from 4646:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig, 4630:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig, 4594:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig, 4477:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig, 4198:Semitic languages in contact 3997:Semitic languages in contact 3497:Joireman, Sandra F. (1997). 3201:Wolde Giorgis Wolde Yohannes 3150:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam 2886:, lord of Semien and Welkait 2786:Emahoy Tsegué-Maryam Guèbrou 2394: 2104:in July 1991 as an example. 1375:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam 1305:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam 948:became home for the city of 808:, the Lord of the Jabarta." 505: 340: 7: 4994:The Archaeology of Ethiopia 4746:. Praeger. pp. 57–60. 4268:E. A. Wallis Budge (2014). 3983:. Vol. 1. p. 235. 3285: 2342: 2244:National Movement of Amhara 1141: 1047: 775:appears to be stock of the 713:in the fourteenth century." 366:Oriental Orthodox Christian 323: 10: 8423: 4934:Levine, Donald N. (2014). 4774:Levine, Donald N. (2014). 4663:Levine, Donald N. (2014). 2962:, International supermodel 2084: 2041:Nature of Amhara ethnicity 1840: 1836: 1456: 1258: 1237: 1051: 995: 764:, Emperor of Ethiopia, by 732:. The early rulers of the 687: 552: 548: 332: 83:clothing in the background 26: 8407:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia 8370: 8359: 8312: 8303: 8222: 8119: 8012: 7925: 7817: 7808: 7802:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia 7740:Lemma, Marcos (MD, PhD). 7651: 7640: 7593: 7584: 7503: 7400: 7293: 7206: 7098: 7089: 7083:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia 7021:Lemma, Marcos (MD, PhD). 6885:African States and Rulers 6669:– via Google Books. 5934:10.1163/18177565-90000138 5847:Northeast African Studies 5809:10.1080/14725840802417943 5770:10.1080/14725840802417943 5644:. G.K. Hall. p. 19. 5129:"African Marriage ritual" 4717:Keller, Edmond J (1991). 4535:Northeast African Studies 4500:Demeke, Girma A. (2014). 4445:Demeke, Girma A. (2014). 4230:Tamrat, Taddesse (1972). 2564:, First Patriarch of the 2058:This section needs to be 1522:wind instrument, and the 1309:Fabula: Yawreoch Commedia 766:Cristofano dell'Altissimo 537: 527: 416: 312: 263: 258: 230: 225: 218: 213: 193: 173: 153: 133: 113: 93: 88: 72: 50: 47: 5638:Levinson, David (1995). 5467:Uhlig, Siegbert (2006). 5361:Uhlig, Siegbert (2017). 4991:Finneran, Niall (2007). 4844:Tibebu, Teshale (1995). 4740:Abir, Mordechai (1968). 4256:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 4137:Hetzron, Robert (1972). 4054:Hetzron, Robert (1972). 3954:Hetzron, Robert (1972). 3899:Hetzron, Robert (1972). 3377:"Statistics Canada 2021" 2874:, renowned world Athlete 2171:On March 28, 1898, near 1863:days between Easter and 1452: 1116:Benishangul-Gumuz Region 748:, which from became the 545:, "free" or "soldier"). 7706:Amharic Cultural Reader 6987:Amharic Cultural Reader 6843:Be Not Thy Father's Son 6267:10.1073/pnas.1313787111 5735:. Bloomsbury Academic. 5556:Onyebadi, Uche (2019). 5318:10.3406/ethio.2013.1539 5076:1 February 2014 at the 4924:, Volume 9, pp. 145–158 3809:Levine, Donald (1965). 3742:Henze, Paul B. (1985). 3375:2021 Census of Canada. 3109:two-time olympic bokser 1261:List of Amharic writers 1172:of the Amhara has been 352:which is indigenous to 6883:Stewart, John (2006). 6494:Rambali, Paul (2007). 6407:Cruciani et al. (2004) 6309:"The Heights We Go To" 4826:, p. 188, Quote: "the 4354:10.3406/ethio.2000.973 4336:Asfaw, Aklilu (2000). 4162:Demeke, Girma (2014). 4079:Demeke, Girma (2014). 3981:Encyclopedia Aethopica 3379:. Government of Canada 3261:, 4th President of CAF 3209:, surgeon and diplomat 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2235: 2169: 2143: 1801: 1787: 1303:. Amhara intellectual 1251: 1182:culture of the country 1165: 1011: 929: 768: 714: 570: 8376:Ethiopian nationalism 7657:Ethiopian nationalism 6086:Bulatovich, Alexander 5902:10.1093/afraf/adaa029 5859:10.1353/nas.2005.0004 5336:The Musical Quarterly 5290:Shelemay, pp. 355–356 5217:. Walter de Gruyter. 4502:The Origin of Amharic 4447:The Origin of Amharic 4164:The Origin of Amharic 4081:The Origin of Amharic 3883:The Semitic Languages 3852:Meyer, Ronny (2011). 3770:Global Social Welfare 3582:The Peoples of Africa 3579:Olson, James (1996). 3528:BGN/PCGN romanization 3431:17 April 2017 at the 3203:, Minister of the pen 2973:Makonnen Wolde Mikael 2843:, International model 2329:Oromo Liberation Army 2311:Tigray Defense Forces 2259:Ethiopian nationalism 2193: 2160: 2129: 2085:Further information: 1972:spice and olive oil. 1795: 1547:was created from the 1245: 1200:) and 0.5% of it was 1149: 1005: 996:Further information: 992:Social stratification 923: 821:Orthodox Christianity 760: 724:claimed descent from 701: 562: 463:language, along with 358:Highlands of Ethiopia 259:Related ethnic groups 8381:Eritrean nationalism 7662:Eritrean nationalism 5729:Albala, Ken (2011). 5593:W. A. Shack (1974). 3718:Language in Ethiopia 3606:Shaban, Abdurahman. 3265: 3259:Yidnekatchew Tessema 3225: 3195:Welde Giyorgis Aboye 3188: 3172:, regent of Ethiopia 3163:Director general of 3131: 3115:, diplomat, governor 3068: 3055: 3021: 2979:Makonnen Endelkachew 2966: 2947: 2921: 2902: 2896:Heruy Wolde Selassie 2859: 2811: 2798: 2761: 2730: 2714:, military commander 2685: 2629:Amanuel Gebremichael 2593:Afevork Ghevre Jesus 2582:Abuna Takla Haymanot 2537: 2363:Uniparental lineages 2185:Welde Giyorgis Aboye 2177:Alexander Bulatovich 1809:Kinship and marriage 1443:Asfa-Wossen Asserate 1426:Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin 1358:Heruy Wolde Selassie 1341:Afäwarq Gäbrä Iyäsus 1301:Afäwarq Gäbrä Iyäsus 1222:Marriages are often 897:to the east and the 442:Saint Tekle Haymanot 79:Amhara woman with a 7967:Soddo Gurage people 7690:History of Ethiopia 7248:Soddo Gurage people 6722:. 11 November 2010. 6694:www.amharictube.com 6258:2014PNAS..111.2632P 6037:. pp. 230–232. 5962:10.1017/hia.2016.13 5709:Ethiopian Treasures 5416:on 14 February 2007 5348:10.1093/mq/lxi.1.47 4356:– via Persée. 3748:. Rand. p. 8. 3614:on 15 December 2020 3297:History of Ethiopia 3253:Yetnebersh Nigussie 2396:Contents: 2379:, while 2.1% is of 2227:We are Amhara, and 1041:Amhara caste system 915:Istifanos Monastery 883:Historia Aethiopica 871:Historia Aethiopica 622:Istifanos monastery 555:History of Ethiopia 44: 8348:People of Ethiopia 7719:Donald N. Levine, 7629:People of Ethiopia 7000:Donald N. Levine, 6807:Jazz Transatlantic 6777:Rubinstein, Robert 6755:Fantahun, Arefayné 6616:on 13 January 2015 6413:2006-05-22 at the 6119:. Ethiopia Insight 5797:African Identities 5758:African Identities 5306:Annales d'Éthiopie 5179:"Amharic language" 5033:"Amharic language" 4369:American Antiquity 4342:Annales d'Éthiopie 4310:Annales d Ethiopie 4034:www.britannica.com 3543:Ethiopia in Change 3478:. 18 November 2021 3476:The Jerusalem Post 3146:, Ethiopian singer 3062:Pnina Tamano-Shata 2997:Mesfin Woldemariam 2930:, Ethiopian writer 2898:, Foreign Minister 2884:Haile Maryam Gebre 2872:Haile Gebrselassie 2780:Eleni Gebre-Medhin 2774:Ejigayehu Shibabaw 2755:Demetros of Amhara 2681:, Ethiopian singer 2669:, Ethiopian singer 2619:, Ethiopian singer 2595:, Ethiopian writer 2348:Autosomal ancestry 2231:is our great king. 2109:imperial expansion 2098:Mesfin Woldemariam 2087:Amhara nationalism 2064:Talk:Amhara people 1802: 1796:A mural depicting 1613:regime led by the 1252: 1166: 1058:The Amhara speak " 1032:Also known as the 1012: 960:. The district of 930: 893:in the north, the 793:al-Malik al-Amhari 769: 715: 571: 42: 18:Amhara (ethnicity) 8389: 8388: 8353:People of Eritrea 8263: 8262: 8115: 8114: 7670: 7669: 7634:People of Eritrea 7544: 7543: 7396: 7395: 6957:978-0-7146-4646-6 6940:Kessler, David F. 6925:978-0-8108-7194-6 6894:978-0-7864-2562-4 6700:on 7 January 2017 6666:978-1-349-07999-5 6498:. Serpent's Tail. 6339:Discover Magazine 6101:978-1-56902-116-3 6062:978-1-56902-015-9 6019:978-91-7106-418-9 5994:978-0-299-13884-4 5950:History in Africa 5742:978-0-313-37626-9 5651:978-0-8161-1815-1 5606:978-0-85302-040-0 5224:978-3-484-97112-7 5057:978-1-5015-1298-8 5004:978-1-136-75552-1 4947:978-0-226-22967-6 4857:978-1-56902-001-2 4787:978-0-226-22967-6 4753:978-0-582-64517-2 4703:978-0-02-932780-7 4676:978-0-226-22967-6 4611:Cerulli, Enrico. 4560:"Zagwe dynasty". 4511:978-1-56902-379-2 4456:978-1-56902-379-2 4431:978-0-521-20981-6 4281:978-1-317-64915-1 4241:978-0-19-821671-1 4208:978-90-04-30015-6 4173:978-1-56902-379-2 4148:978-0-7190-1123-8 4123:978-1-84904-261-1 4090:978-1-56902-379-2 4065:978-0-7190-1123-8 4007:978-90-04-30015-6 3965:978-0-7190-1123-8 3940:978-0-521-20981-6 3910:978-0-7190-1123-8 3867:978-3-11-025158-6 3795:978-0-19-517055-9 3755:978-0-8330-0696-7 3728:978-0-19-436102-6 3694:978-0-226-47561-5 3679:Levine, Donald N. 3592:978-0-313-27918-8 3553:978-1-85043-644-7 3242:Solomonic Dynasty 3240:, founder of the 3219:Wube Haile Maryam 2985:Menas of Ethiopia 2853:Getatchew Mekurya 2694:, Emperor of the 2605:Aklilu Habte-Wold 2546:, Catholic priest 2275:TPLF rebel groups 2139:Amhara domination 2083: 2082: 2035: 2017: 1999: 1973: 1951: 1933: 1915: 1843:Ethiopian cuisine 1782: 1764: 1746: 1728: 1710: 1692: 1675: 1658: 1654:Getatchew Mekurya 1591:songs which uses 1555:Getatchew Mekurya 1463:Music of Ethiopia 1447: 1430: 1413: 1396: 1379: 1362: 1345: 1328: 1297:Ləbb Wälläd Tarik 1192:, 0.2% of it was 1084:Ethiopian Semitic 889:to the west, the 819:and converted to 773:Solomonic dynasty 734:Solomonic Dynasty 707:Edward Ullendorff 694:Solomonic Dynasty 684:Solomonic Dynasty 407:Solomonic dynasty 338: 321: 302: 301: 109:19,867,817 (2007) 16:(Redirected from 8414: 8365: 8309: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8267: 8266: 8230:African American 7815: 7814: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7772: 7771: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7753:on 28 March 2005 7749:. Archived from 7646: 7590: 7571: 7564: 7557: 7548: 7547: 7511:African American 7096: 7095: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7053: 7052: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7034:on 28 March 2005 7030:. Archived from 6970: 6969: 6949: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6908: 6899: 6898: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6862: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6786: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6696:. Archived from 6686: 6680: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6612:. Archived from 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6584:"Asrat Woldeyes" 6579: 6573: 6572: 6565:Abbay, Alemseged 6561: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6544:Ethiopian Review 6535: 6500: 6499: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6456: 6424: 6418: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6388: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6287: 6269: 6251: 6242:(7): 2632–2637. 6227: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6205: 6195: 6185: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6082: 6076: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5896:(479): 297–313. 5885: 5879: 5878: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5793:"Who is Amhara?" 5788: 5782: 5781: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5726: 5713: 5712: 5701: 5688: 5687: 5667: 5661: 5655: 5635: 5626: 5620: 5611: 5610: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5510: 5504: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5412:. Archived from 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5332:Kebede, Ashenafi 5328: 5322: 5321: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5131:. Archived from 5125: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5081: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5029: 5023: 5016: 5010: 5008: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4951: 4931: 4925: 4918: 4882: 4876: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4841: 4835: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4660: 4651: 4644: 4635: 4628: 4619: 4618: 4608: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4482: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4265: 4259: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4026: 4020: 4019: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3924: 3915: 3914: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3779: 3773: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3675: 3664: 3663: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3537: 3531: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3448:. Archived from 3442: 3436: 3422: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3396: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3342:on 25 March 2009 3341: 3330: 3321: 3215:, ruler of Shewa 3161:Temesgen Tiruneh 2981:, Prime Minister 2866:Haddis Alemayehu 2757:, ruler of Shewa 2696:Ethiopian Empire 2663:, ruler of Shewa 2642:, ruler of Shewa 2617:Alemayehu Eshete 2611:Ale Felege Selam 2607:, Prime Minister 2587:Abuna Theophilos 2552:, Prime Minister 2397: 2368:Haplogroup E1b1b 2078: 2075: 2069: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2033: 2026: 2015: 2008: 1989: 1982: 1967: 1960: 1949: 1942: 1931: 1924: 1913: 1906: 1780: 1773: 1762: 1755: 1744: 1737: 1726: 1719: 1708: 1701: 1690: 1688:Alemayehu Eshete 1684: 1673: 1671:Tilahun Gessesse 1667: 1656: 1650: 1445: 1439: 1428: 1422: 1411: 1405: 1394: 1388: 1377: 1371: 1360: 1354: 1343: 1337: 1326: 1320: 958:Ethiopian Empire 849:Ethiopian Empire 817:Amharic language 730:Battle of Ansata 720:, a prince from 690:Ethiopian Empire 665:further inland. 568:Ethiopian Empire 540: 539: 535:, "people") and 530: 529: 492:Kingdom of Aksum 403:Ethiopian Empire 387:language of the 368:(members of the 343: 337:romanized: 336: 334: 326: 316: 314: 297:Cushitic peoples 206: 202: 200: 199: 186: 182: 180: 179: 166: 162: 160: 159: 146: 142: 140: 139: 126: 122: 120: 119: 106: 102: 100: 99: 77: 61: 53: 52: 45: 41: 21: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8412: 8411: 8402:Habesha peoples 8392: 8391: 8390: 8385: 8366: 8357: 8310: 8299: 8297:Habesha peoples 8294: 8264: 8259: 8218: 8111: 8008: 7921: 7804: 7799: 7756: 7754: 7741: 7737: 7698: 7696:Further reading 7676: 7671: 7666: 7647: 7638: 7591: 7580: 7578:Habesha peoples 7575: 7545: 7540: 7499: 7392: 7289: 7202: 7085: 7080: 7037: 7035: 7022: 7018: 6979: 6977:Further reading 6974: 6973: 6958: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6909: 6902: 6895: 6881: 6877: 6863: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6836: 6832: 6827: 6823: 6818: 6814: 6800: 6796: 6770: 6766: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6608:Administrator. 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6580: 6576: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6536: 6503: 6492: 6488: 6474: 6470: 6425: 6421: 6415:Wayback Machine 6406: 6402: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6331: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6307:Coates, Karen. 6305: 6301: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6176:(6): e1004393. 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6063: 6049: 6042: 6031: 6027: 6020: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5981: 5977: 5946: 5942: 5913: 5909: 5890:African Affairs 5886: 5882: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5789: 5785: 5754: 5750: 5743: 5727: 5716: 5703: 5702: 5691: 5668: 5664: 5652: 5636: 5629: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5591: 5587: 5582:. 23 June 2022. 5578: 5577: 5573: 5554: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5525: 5521: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5489: 5488: 5484: 5465: 5461: 5456:. 18 July 2018. 5452: 5451: 5447: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5419: 5417: 5410:www.afropop.org 5404: 5403: 5399: 5391:10.1.1.569.2160 5383: 5382: 5378: 5359: 5355: 5329: 5325: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5272: 5268: 5261: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5186: 5181:. 7 March 2024. 5177: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5078:Wayback Machine 5069: 5065: 5058: 5044: 5040: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5017: 5013: 5005: 4989: 4985: 4953: 4948: 4932: 4928: 4919: 4899:10.2307/1158345 4883: 4879: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4842: 4838: 4813: 4799: 4795: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4754: 4738: 4734: 4715: 4711: 4704: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4661: 4654: 4645: 4638: 4629: 4622: 4609: 4602: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4531: 4527: 4512: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4472: 4457: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4365: 4361: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4228: 4224: 4209: 4193: 4189: 4174: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4110: 4106: 4091: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4008: 3992: 3988: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3952: 3948: 3941: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3897: 3890: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3780: 3776: 3767: 3763: 3756: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3713: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3676: 3667: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3538: 3534: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3452:on 26 June 2018 3444: 3443: 3439: 3433:Wayback Machine 3423: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3390: 3389: 3382: 3380: 3373: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3328: 3322: 3315: 3310: 3288: 3283: 3268: 3228: 3191: 3134: 3119:Simegnew Bekele 3071: 3058: 3024: 3015:Muluken Melesse 2969: 2950: 2924: 2905: 2862: 2847:Getatchew Haile 2814: 2801: 2764: 2733: 2688: 2667:Asnaketch Worku 2646:Andualem Aragie 2571:Abune Merkorios 2540: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2398: 2389: 2387:Notable Amharas 2365: 2350: 2345: 2335:, specifically 2324:in April 2023. 2267: 2240: 2221: 2203: 2164:House of Amhara 2148: 2089: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2000: 1990:Misir Wot is a 1988: 1983: 1974: 1966: 1961: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1872:coffee ceremony 1849: 1841:Main articles: 1839: 1811: 1790: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1693: 1685: 1676: 1668: 1659: 1651: 1593:double entendre 1581:. A revival of 1567:Asnaketch Worku 1492:, a six-string 1479:, a one-string 1465: 1457:Main articles: 1455: 1448: 1440: 1431: 1423: 1414: 1409:Getatchew Haile 1406: 1397: 1389: 1380: 1372: 1363: 1355: 1346: 1338: 1329: 1321: 1263: 1257: 1240: 1144: 1056: 1050: 1000: 994: 913:and the famous 895:Afar Depression 855:) cartographer 797:Ibn Taghribirdi 696: 688:Main articles: 686: 624:was erected on 566:founder of the 557: 551: 508: 454: 419: 197: 195: 177: 175: 157: 155: 137: 135: 117: 115: 97: 95: 84: 68: 62: 55: 40: 37: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8420: 8410: 8409: 8404: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8311: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8293: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8226: 8224: 8223:Non-Indigenous 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8018: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7942: 7937: 7931: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7823: 7821: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7798: 7797: 7790: 7783: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7747:Ethiomedia.com 7736: 7735:External links 7733: 7732: 7731: 7717: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7685:Habesha people 7682: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7594: 7592: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7574: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7507: 7505: 7504:Non-Indigenous 7501: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7406: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7299: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7223: 7218: 7212: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7104: 7102: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7079: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7028:Ethiomedia.com 7017: 7016:External links 7014: 7013: 7012: 6998: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6956: 6931: 6924: 6912:Shinn, David H 6900: 6893: 6875: 6857: 6848: 6845:. p. 128. 6839:Gordon, Howard 6830: 6821: 6812: 6803:Kubik, Gerhard 6794: 6764: 6746: 6725: 6711: 6681: 6672: 6665: 6645: 6627: 6610:"Belay Zeleke" 6600: 6574: 6556: 6501: 6486: 6483:. p. 114. 6477:Belcher, Laura 6468: 6445:10.1086/386295 6439:(5): 1023–34. 6419: 6400: 6377:10.1086/338306 6351: 6325: 6299: 6222: 6156: 6144:Addis Standard 6130: 6107: 6100: 6077: 6068: 6061: 6040: 6025: 6018: 6000: 5993: 5975: 5940: 5927:(1): 273–286. 5907: 5880: 5853:(3): 189–206. 5837: 5803:(4): 393–404. 5783: 5764:(4): 393–404. 5748: 5741: 5714: 5689: 5662: 5650: 5627: 5612: 5605: 5585: 5571: 5548: 5534: 5519: 5505: 5496: 5482: 5459: 5445: 5427: 5397: 5376: 5353: 5323: 5312:(1): 299–322. 5292: 5283: 5266: 5259: 5239: 5230: 5223: 5203: 5194: 5184: 5170: 5146: 5117: 5106:on 24 May 2011 5091: 5082: 5063: 5056: 5038: 5024: 5011: 5003: 4983: 4946: 4926: 4877: 4864: 4856: 4836: 4793: 4786: 4766: 4752: 4732: 4709: 4702: 4682: 4675: 4652: 4636: 4620: 4600: 4587: 4573: 4552: 4525: 4510: 4492: 4483: 4470: 4455: 4437: 4430: 4410: 4381:10.2307/280596 4375:(3): 471–495. 4359: 4328: 4319: 4296: 4287: 4280: 4260: 4247: 4240: 4222: 4207: 4187: 4172: 4154: 4147: 4129: 4122: 4104: 4089: 4071: 4064: 4046: 4021: 4006: 3986: 3971: 3964: 3946: 3939: 3916: 3909: 3888: 3873: 3866: 3844: 3834: 3825: 3816: 3801: 3794: 3774: 3772:4(4), 179–190. 3761: 3754: 3734: 3727: 3707: 3693: 3665: 3642: 3625: 3598: 3591: 3571: 3559: 3552: 3532: 3526:Following the 3519: 3509: 3489: 3463: 3437: 3417: 3404: 3367: 3353: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3292:Habesha people 3287: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3275: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3235: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3207:Workneh Eshete 3204: 3198: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3158: 3156:Tekle Haymanot 3153: 3147: 3141: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3107:Seifu Makonnen 3104: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3075:Sahle Selassie 3070: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3043:Newaya Krestos 3040: 3034:Nagasi Krestos 3031: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3017:, Music Artist 3012: 3009:Mulatu Astatke 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2957: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2931: 2928:Kebede Michael 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2912: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2893: 2890:Haile Selassie 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2830:Gedion Zelalem 2827: 2821: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2698: 2692:Baeda Maryam I 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2676: 2673:Asrat Woldeyes 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2579: 2573: 2568: 2562:Abuna Basilios 2559: 2553: 2547: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2364: 2361: 2354:Horn of Africa 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2279:Welkait-Tegede 2266: 2263: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2233: 2181:Turkana people 2152:Abba Gorgoryos 2147: 2144: 2081: 2080: 2057: 2055: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2010: 2003: 2001: 1984: 1977: 1975: 1962: 1955: 1953: 1944: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1919: 1917: 1908: 1901: 1897:and weddings. 1838: 1835: 1810: 1807: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1781:(1984–present) 1775: 1768: 1766: 1763:(1976–present) 1757: 1750: 1748: 1745:(1959–present) 1739: 1732: 1730: 1727:(1950–present) 1721: 1714: 1712: 1709:(1943–present) 1705:Mulatu Astatke 1703: 1696: 1694: 1686: 1679: 1677: 1669: 1662: 1660: 1652: 1645: 1639:Gimbi massacre 1545:Mulatu Astatke 1454: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1446:(1948–present) 1441: 1434: 1432: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1407: 1400: 1398: 1392:Kebede Michael 1390: 1383: 1381: 1373: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1339: 1332: 1330: 1324:Abba Gorgoryos 1322: 1315: 1275:Abba Gorgoryos 1259:Main article: 1256: 1253: 1246:An example of 1239: 1236: 1143: 1140: 1120:Gambela Region 1078:branch of the 1052:Main article: 1049: 1046: 993: 990: 978:Haile Selassie 970:Sahle Selassie 924:A portrait of 879:Abba Gorgoryos 711:Horn of Africa 685: 682: 553:Main article: 550: 547: 512:Folk etymology 507: 504: 482:and a Semitic 453: 450: 438:hagiographical 427:land of Wargih 418: 415: 300: 299: 261: 260: 256: 255: 228: 227: 223: 222: 216: 215: 211: 210: 207: 191: 190: 187: 171: 170: 167: 164:United Kingdom 151: 150: 147: 131: 130: 127: 111: 110: 107: 91: 90: 86: 85: 78: 70: 69: 48: 38: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8419: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8364: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8308: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8286: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7796: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7782: 7777: 7776: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7739: 7738: 7730: 7729:0-226-45763-X 7726: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7714:3-447-04496-9 7711: 7707: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7645: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7399: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7292: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7077: 7072: 7070: 7065: 7063: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7048: 7045: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7020: 7019: 7011: 7010:0-226-45763-X 7007: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6995:3-447-04496-9 6992: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6927: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6907: 6905: 6896: 6890: 6886: 6879: 6872:. p. 44. 6871: 6867: 6861: 6852: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6825: 6816: 6809:. p. 64. 6808: 6804: 6798: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6735: 6729: 6721: 6715: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6676: 6668: 6662: 6658: 6657: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6615: 6611: 6604: 6589: 6585: 6578: 6571:. p. 46. 6570: 6566: 6560: 6545: 6541: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6497: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6404: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6340: 6336: 6333:Khan, Razib. 6329: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6218: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6170:PLOS Genetics 6167: 6160: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6072: 6064: 6058: 6054: 6047: 6045: 6036: 6029: 6021: 6015: 6011: 6004: 5996: 5990: 5986: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5944: 5935: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5752: 5744: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5634: 5632: 5624: 5623:Amhara people 5619: 5617: 5608: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5589: 5581: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5552: 5544: 5538: 5530: 5523: 5515: 5509: 5500: 5492: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5287: 5279: 5278: 5270: 5262: 5260:9781846159176 5256: 5252: 5251: 5243: 5234: 5226: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5207: 5198: 5188: 5180: 5174: 5158: 5157: 5150: 5135:on 7 May 2017 5134: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5067: 5059: 5053: 5049: 5042: 5034: 5028: 5021: 5015: 5006: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4987: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4949: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4868: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4840: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4686: 4678: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4659: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4616: 4615: 4607: 4605: 4597: 4591: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4487: 4480: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4291: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4133: 4125: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3990: 3982: 3975: 3967: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3942: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3921: 3912: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3877: 3869: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3812: 3805: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3757: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3738: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3711: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3632: 3630: 3613: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3536: 3529: 3523: 3516: 3512: 3510:1-58112-000-1 3506: 3502: 3501: 3493: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3408: 3400: 3394: 3378: 3371: 3363: 3357: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3170:Tessema Nadew 3168: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3050: 3049:Newaya Maryam 3047: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2854: 2851: 2849:, philologist 2848: 2845: 2842: 2841:Gelila Bekele 2839: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599:Afewerk Tekle 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2544:Aba Gorgorios 2542: 2541: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2232: 2230: 2224: 2223:Amhara forces 2220: 2216: 2215:Turkana tribe 2213: 2212: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2205:Turkana tribe 2202: 2198: 2197:Amhara forces 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2142: 2140: 2135: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2088: 2077: 2074:November 2020 2065: 2061: 2056: 2047: 2046: 2031: 2025: 2020: 2013: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1911: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1848: 1844: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1806: 1799: 1794: 1778: 1777:Zeritu Kebede 1772: 1767: 1760: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1736: 1731: 1724: 1718: 1713: 1706: 1700: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629:In June 2022 1627: 1624: 1623:sam-enna warq 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1597:sam-enna warq 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1579:Telela Kebede 1575: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1464: 1460: 1444: 1438: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1399: 1393: 1387: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1262: 1249: 1244: 1235: 1233: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1215:. Easter and 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186:Amhara Region 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112:Amhara Region 1109: 1105: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:mother tongue 1069: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1045: 1042: 1039:The separate 1037: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1009: 1004: 999: 989: 987: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 927: 922: 918: 916: 912: 908: 905:and northern 904: 900: 896: 892: 891:Bashilo River 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 867: 862: 858: 854: 850: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 807: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 767: 763: 759: 755: 753: 752: 751:lingua franca 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 691: 681: 679: 678:Lessana Negus 675: 671: 670:Zagwe dynasty 666: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 646:According to 644: 642: 638: 633: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 583:Amhara Region 580: 576: 569: 565: 561: 556: 546: 544: 534: 525: 521: 517: 514:traces it to 513: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461:Ethio-Semitic 458: 449: 447: 443: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 421:The earliest 414: 412: 408: 404: 399: 397: 392: 390: 386: 382: 379:. They speak 378: 377:North America 373: 371: 367: 363: 362:Amhara Region 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 330: 325: 319: 310: 306: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 224: 221: 217: 212: 208: 205: 192: 188: 185: 172: 168: 165: 152: 148: 145: 132: 128: 125: 124:United States 112: 108: 105: 92: 87: 82: 76: 71: 66: 59: 46: 34: 30: 29:Aymara people 19: 8316: 8121:Nilo-Saharan 7972:Chebo people 7950:Beta Abraham 7934: 7810:Afro-Asiatic 7755:. Retrieved 7751:the original 7746: 7720: 7705: 7597: 7402:Nilo-Saharan 7253:Chebo people 7231:Beta Abraham 7215: 7091:Afro-Asiatic 7036:. Retrieved 7032:the original 7027: 7001: 6986: 6945: 6934: 6915: 6884: 6878: 6869: 6860: 6851: 6842: 6833: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6782: 6773:Foster, Mary 6767: 6758: 6749: 6737:. Retrieved 6728: 6714: 6702:. Retrieved 6698:the original 6693: 6684: 6675: 6659:. Springer. 6655: 6648: 6639: 6630: 6618:. Retrieved 6614:the original 6603: 6591:. Retrieved 6588:The Guardian 6587: 6577: 6568: 6559: 6547:. Retrieved 6543: 6495: 6489: 6480: 6471: 6436: 6432: 6422: 6403: 6371:(1): 265–8. 6368: 6364: 6354: 6342:. Retrieved 6338: 6328: 6316:. Retrieved 6312: 6302: 6239: 6235: 6225: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6147:. Retrieved 6143: 6133: 6121:. Retrieved 6110: 6090: 6080: 6071: 6052: 6034: 6028: 6009: 6003: 5984: 5978: 5953: 5949: 5943: 5924: 5920: 5910: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5828:. Retrieved 5800: 5796: 5786: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5731: 5708: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5657: 5640: 5595: 5588: 5574: 5557: 5551: 5537: 5522: 5508: 5499: 5485: 5468: 5462: 5448: 5439: 5430: 5418:. Retrieved 5414:the original 5409: 5400: 5379: 5362: 5356: 5342:(1): 47–57. 5339: 5335: 5326: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5286: 5276: 5269: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5213: 5206: 5197: 5192:Booksellers. 5187: 5173: 5161:. Retrieved 5155: 5149: 5137:. Retrieved 5133:the original 5108:. Retrieved 5104:the original 5094: 5085: 5066: 5047: 5041: 5027: 5014: 4993: 4986: 4960: 4956: 4936: 4929: 4921: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4872: 4867: 4846: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4815: 4801: 4796: 4776: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4742: 4735: 4718: 4712: 4692: 4685: 4665: 4647: 4631: 4613: 4595: 4590: 4576: 4567: 4562: 4555: 4541:(1): 11–30. 4538: 4534: 4528: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4478: 4473: 4446: 4440: 4420: 4413: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4290: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4250: 4231: 4225: 4197: 4190: 4163: 4157: 4138: 4132: 4113: 4107: 4080: 4074: 4055: 4049: 4037:. Retrieved 4033: 4024: 3996: 3989: 3980: 3974: 3955: 3949: 3929: 3900: 3882: 3876: 3857: 3847: 3837: 3828: 3819: 3813:. p. 2. 3810: 3804: 3784: 3777: 3769: 3764: 3744: 3737: 3717: 3710: 3698:. Retrieved 3683: 3651: 3645: 3616:. Retrieved 3612:the original 3601: 3581: 3574: 3562: 3542: 3535: 3522: 3514: 3499: 3492: 3480:. Retrieved 3475: 3466: 3454:. Retrieved 3450:the original 3440: 3420: 3407: 3381:. Retrieved 3370: 3356: 3344:. Retrieved 3337:the original 3332: 3238:Yekuno Amlak 3213:Wossen Seged 3113:Seifu Mikael 3091:Sarsa Dengel 2878:Haile Gerima 2718:Belay Zeleke 2712:Bashah Aboye 2661:Asfaw Wossen 2634:Amda Seyon I 2576:Abune Petros 2556:Abebe Bikila 2550:Abebe Aregai 2373:Haplogroup J 2366: 2358: 2351: 2326: 2315: 2268: 2256: 2252:'Amharaness' 2241: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2170: 2161: 2149: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2102:Meles Zenawi 2094: 2090: 2071: 2059: 2016:Honey Wine. 1880: 1869: 1861: 1850: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1798:Saint George 1628: 1622: 1605: 1601:wax and gold 1600: 1596: 1582: 1571: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1534: 1529: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1497: 1487: 1474: 1468: 1466: 1296: 1291: 1264: 1228: 1221: 1210: 1174:Christianity 1167: 1151: 1132:Ge'ez script 1127: 1100: 1093: 1080:Afro-Asiatic 1070:") as their 1067: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1016:Afro-Asiatic 1013: 982: 976:and Emperor 931: 882: 870: 864: 861:Regno Hamara 860: 845: 810: 806:Sa'ad ad-Din 792: 770: 762:Lebna Dengel 749: 742:Yekuno Amlak 737: 718:Yekuno Amlak 716: 703:Amda Seyon I 677: 667: 652: 645: 634: 619: 572: 564:Yekuno Amlak 542: 532: 519: 515: 509: 484:superstratum 455: 452:Ethnogenesis 440:source from 435: 433:in 1128 AD. 429:against the 426: 420: 400: 393: 385:Afro-Asiatic 374: 350:ethnic group 304: 303: 293:Ethiosemitic 232:Christianity 39:Ethnic group 33: 7955:Falash Mura 7945:Beta Israel 7757:28 February 7702:Wolf Leslau 7236:Falash Mura 7226:Beta Israel 7038:28 February 6983:Wolf Leslau 6866:Young, John 6549:13 December 6313:Archaeology 6123:28 November 5956:: 101–131. 5163:17 February 4348:: 173–183. 3700:28 December 3176:Tewodros II 3138:Taytu Betul 3101:Meridazmach 3097:Sebestyanos 3036:, ruler of 3003:Menen Asfaw 2960:Liya Kebede 2938:Meridazmach 2934:Kidane Kale 2824:Gebre Tasfa 2818:Gebre Hanna 2679:Aster Aweke 2640:Amha Iyasus 2173:Lake Rudolf 2156:Hiob Ludolf 1928:Gored gored 1895:Saints Days 1889:(beer) and 1741:Aster Aweke 1691:(1941–2021) 1674:(1940-2009) 1657:(1935-2016) 1429:(1936-2006) 1412:(1931-2021) 1395:(1916-1998) 1378:(1884-1977) 1361:(1878-1938) 1344:(1868-1947) 1327:(1595-1658) 1287:Hiob Ludolf 1206:Beta Israel 1176:, with the 986:Bete Amhara 926:Tewodros II 899:Awash River 875:Hiob Ludolf 777:Bete Amhara 648:Karl Butzer 579:Bete Amhara 500:Bete Amhara 459:is a South 411:Yohannes IV 273:Beta Israel 8396:Categories 6787:. p. 6739:9 February 6620:9 February 6593:9 February 6344:28 October 6318:28 October 5566:1080436962 5420:11 January 5139:9 February 4727:1036800537 4568:Britannica 4217:1083204409 4016:1083204409 3456:24 January 3346:29 October 3308:References 3302:Ethiopians 3272:Zara Yaqob 3182:The Weeknd 3144:Teddy Afro 3125:Susenyos I 2991:Menelik II 2954:Leul Sagad 2835:Gelawdewos 2768:Eden Alene 2655:Anestasyos 2322:Amhara War 2283:Raya Azebo 2271:Tigray War 2134:Herrenvolk 1847:Wat (food) 1759:Teddy Afro 1635:Abiy Ahmed 1631:Teddy Afro 1619:Teddy Afro 1587:; Amharic 1563:Golden age 1537:Ethiopians 1496:; and the 1255:Literature 1194:Protestant 974:Menelik II 972:, Emperor 887:Abay River 866:Mappomondo 859:, notes a 661:region of 488:linguistic 480:substratum 398:) people. 396:Abyssinian 348:-speaking 8255:Jamaicans 8199:Shanqella 8189:Nyangatom 8097:Wolaitans 7847:Daasanach 7536:Jamaicans 7480:Shanqella 7470:Nyangatom 7378:Wolaitans 7128:Daasanach 6704:6 January 6276:0027-8424 6249:1307.8014 5970:164336903 5875:144103747 5825:144828563 5817:1472-5843 5778:144828563 5514:"Line-up" 5386:CiteSeerX 5371:978295392 4915:144428371 4760:Shanqalla 4520:824502290 4465:824502290 4405:162374800 4389:0002-7316 4182:824502290 4099:824502290 3854:"Amharic" 3660:810950153 3637:"Amharic" 3085:Sara Nuru 2805:Fasilides 2749:Dawit III 2720:, patriot 2675:, Surgeon 2623:Alemu Aga 2613:, painter 2578:, patriot 1986:Misir Wot 1865:Pentecost 1823:kal kidan 1723:Alemu Aga 1595:known as 1279:Thuringia 1096:Rastafari 1029:peoples. 1023:Shanqella 911:Lake Hayq 857:Fra Mauro 789:Abyssinia 630:Kombolcha 626:Lake Hayq 597:, Wollo, 506:Etymology 318:romanized 281:Tigrayans 214:Languages 184:Australia 8341:Tigrinya 8327:Tigrayan 8250:Italians 8235:Armenian 8092:Shinasha 7994:Tigrayan 7877:Kambaata 7819:Cushitic 7674:See also 7622:Tigrinya 7608:Tigrayan 7531:Italians 7516:Armenian 7373:Shinasha 7275:Tigrayan 7158:Kambaata 7100:Cushitic 6966:33078505 6942:(1996). 6868:(1997). 6841:(2011). 6805:(2017). 6779:(1986). 6757:(2015). 6567:(1998). 6479:(2012). 6463:15069642 6411:Archived 6395:11719903 6294:24550290 6202:24921250 6088:(2000). 5921:Scrinium 5867:41931261 5477:71298502 5110:26 March 5074:Archived 4977:83677517 4547:43660191 4039:19 April 3681:(2000). 3618:12 April 3429:Archived 3393:cite web 3286:See also 3247:Yeshaq I 3103:of Shewa 3081:of Shewa 2915:Iyasu II 2792:Eskender 2743:Dawit II 2343:Genetics 2309:aligned 1910:Doro Wot 1565:such as 1559:Shellela 1224:arranged 1217:Epiphany 1198:P'ent'ay 1170:religion 1160:for the 1158:Epiphany 1142:Religion 1108:Tigrinya 1068:Amarinya 1064:Amarigna 1048:Language 946:Begemder 853:Venetian 841:Begemder 674:Lalibela 591:Begemder 473:Cushitic 354:Ethiopia 344:) are a 341:ʾÄməḥära 291:• other 285:Tigrinya 252:Haymanot 226:Religion 104:Ethiopia 8240:Chinese 8149:Kichepo 8032:Basketo 7940:Argobba 7927:Semitic 7907:Somalis 7521:Chinese 7430:Kichepo 7313:Basketo 7221:Argobba 7208:Semitic 7188:Somalis 6454:1181965 6285:3932865 6254:Bibcode 6193:4055572 6149:25 June 5830:28 June 5440:NPR.org 4907:1158345 4824:7277897 4810:7277897 3383:22 June 3278:Zewditu 2909:Iyasu I 2737:Dawit I 2706:Bakaffa 2337:Wollega 2229:Menelik 2060:updated 1970:Berbere 1837:Cuisine 1819:semanya 1633:bashed 1607:Amharic 1532:drums. 1530:Negarit 1520:Meleket 1509:Eskista 1504:Azmaris 1499:washint 1476:masenqo 1283:Germany 1267:Amharic 1238:Culture 1232:baptism 1136:abugida 1076:Semitic 1060:Amharic 1054:Amharic 1020:Nilotic 829:Argobba 783:in 704 746:Amharic 726:Solomon 672:prince 587:Dembiya 549:History 469:Argobba 457:Amharic 444:traces 423:extants 389:Semitic 381:Amharic 346:Semitic 320:: 309:Amharic 305:Amharas 269:Argobba 248:Judaism 220:Amharic 204:Finland 129:248,199 58:Amharic 43:Amharas 8337:Tegaru 8322:Gurage 8317:Amhara 8245:Greeks 8164:Majang 8014:Omotic 7989:Wolane 7984:Silt'e 7979:Harari 7962:Gurage 7935:Amhara 7912:Tsamai 7902:Sidama 7892:Qemant 7867:Hadiya 7837:Arbore 7727: 7712: 7618:Tegaru 7603:Gurage 7598:Amhara 7526:Greeks 7445:Majang 7295:Omotic 7270:Wolane 7265:Silt'e 7260:Harari 7243:Gurage 7216:Amhara 7193:Tsamai 7183:Sidama 7173:Qemant 7148:Hadiya 7118:Arbore 7008: 6993: 6964: 6954: 6922: 6891: 6663: 6461: 6451: 6393: 6386:384897 6383: 6292: 6282: 6274: 6200: 6190: 6098: 6059: 6016: 5991: 5968: 5873: 5865: 5823: 5815: 5776: 5739: 5648: 5603: 5564: 5475: 5388: 5369: 5257: 5221: 5054: 5001: 4975: 4944: 4913: 4905: 4887:Africa 4873:Africa 4854: 4822: 4808: 4784: 4750: 4725: 4700: 4673: 4545: 4518: 4508: 4463: 4453: 4428: 4403: 4397:280596 4395: 4387: 4316:: 274. 4278: 4238: 4215: 4205: 4180: 4170: 4145: 4120: 4097: 4087: 4062: 4014: 4004: 3962: 3937: 3907: 3864: 3792: 3752: 3725: 3691: 3658: 3589: 3550: 3507: 3482:30 May 2701:Bafena 2383:type. 2333:Oromia 2297:, and 2295:Gonder 2291:Gojjam 1992:Lentil 1876:Jebena 1853:injera 1827:qurban 1589:poetic 1550:Tizita 1525:Kebero 1515:begena 1486:; the 1202:Jewish 1190:Muslim 1156:– the 1153:Timkat 1089:Arabic 954:Gojjam 950:Gondar 942:Dawaro 833:Gojjam 801:Yeshaq 738:Amhara 607:Semien 595:Gojjam 520:mehare 465:Gurage 446:Amhara 431:Wärjih 417:Origin 277:Gurage 201: 181: 161: 149:30,395 144:Canada 141: 121: 101: 63:ዐምሐራ ( 54: 8214:Tirma 8209:Surma 8204:Shita 8194:Shabo 8179:Mursi 8174:Murle 8169:Mekan 8159:Kwegu 8154:Kwama 8144:Gumuz 8139:Berta 8129:Anuak 8107:Zayse 8102:Yemsa 8087:Maale 8082:Koore 8077:Konta 8072:Hamar 8057:Dorze 8047:Dawro 8042:Chara 8037:Bench 8027:Banna 7999:Werji 7917:Weyto 7887:Oromo 7882:Konso 7862:Gedeo 7857:Gabra 7852:Danta 7495:Tirma 7490:Surma 7485:Shita 7475:Shabo 7460:Mursi 7455:Murle 7450:Mekan 7440:Kwegu 7435:Kwama 7425:Gumuz 7420:Berta 7410:Anuak 7388:Zayse 7383:Yemsa 7368:Maale 7363:Koore 7358:Konta 7353:Hamar 7338:Dorze 7328:Dawro 7323:Chara 7318:Bench 7308:Banna 7280:Werji 7198:Weyto 7168:Oromo 7163:Konso 7143:Gedeo 7138:Gabra 7133:Danta 6244:arXiv 5966:S2CID 5871:S2CID 5863:JSTOR 5821:S2CID 5774:S2CID 5658:damoz 4973:S2CID 4922:Abbay 4911:S2CID 4903:JSTOR 4832:Manjo 4543:JSTOR 4401:S2CID 4393:JSTOR 3842:1906. 3340:(PDF) 3329:(PDF) 3232:Yaqob 3079:Negus 3038:Shewa 3028:Na'od 2942:Shewa 2299:Shewa 2287:Wollo 1998:dish. 1996:vegan 1887:tella 1883:kemis 1857:mesob 1831:damoz 1611:EPRDF 1481:bowed 1470:Qañat 1453:Music 1294:novel 1271:Latin 1248:Ge'ez 1204:(see 1196:(see 1134:, an 1128:Fidal 1104:Oromo 1034:barya 1027:Oromo 1008:Negus 966:Shewa 938:Shewa 907:Shewa 903:Wollo 837:Lasta 825:Gafat 785:Hijri 663:Lasta 659:Zagwe 655:Aksum 637:Habru 611:Angot 603:Shewa 599:Lasta 575:Wollo 524:Ge'ez 516:amari 496:Geʽez 383:, an 329:Ge'ez 324:Āmara 244:Sunni 240:Islam 209:1,515 189:4,515 169:8,620 65:Ge'ez 8184:Nuer 8134:Bare 8067:Gofa 8062:Gamo 8052:Dizi 8022:Aari 7897:Saho 7872:Irob 7832:Agaw 7827:Afar 7759:2005 7725:ISBN 7710:ISBN 7465:Nuer 7415:Bare 7348:Gofa 7343:Gamo 7333:Dizi 7303:Aari 7178:Saho 7153:Irob 7113:Agaw 7108:Afar 7040:2005 7006:ISBN 6991:ISBN 6962:OCLC 6952:ISBN 6920:ISBN 6889:ISBN 6741:2015 6706:2017 6661:ISBN 6622:2015 6595:2015 6551:2020 6459:PMID 6391:PMID 6346:2023 6320:2023 6290:PMID 6272:ISSN 6198:PMID 6151:2021 6125:2020 6096:ISBN 6057:ISBN 6014:ISBN 5989:ISBN 5832:2021 5813:ISSN 5737:ISBN 5646:ISBN 5601:ISBN 5562:OCLC 5473:OCLC 5422:2022 5367:OCLC 5255:ISBN 5219:ISBN 5165:2017 5141:2011 5112:2006 5052:ISBN 4999:ISBN 4942:ISBN 4852:ISBN 4828:Mano 4820:OCLC 4806:OCLC 4782:ISBN 4748:ISBN 4723:OCLC 4698:ISBN 4671:ISBN 4516:OCLC 4506:ISBN 4461:OCLC 4451:ISBN 4426:ISBN 4385:ISSN 4276:ISBN 4236:ISBN 4213:OCLC 4203:ISBN 4178:OCLC 4168:ISBN 4143:ISBN 4118:ISBN 4095:OCLC 4085:ISBN 4060:ISBN 4041:2022 4012:OCLC 4002:ISBN 3960:ISBN 3935:ISBN 3905:ISBN 3862:ISBN 3790:ISBN 3750:ISBN 3723:ISBN 3702:2016 3689:ISBN 3656:OCLC 3620:2021 3587:ISBN 3548:ISBN 3505:ISBN 3484:2022 3458:2019 3399:link 3385:2024 3348:2014 2316:The 2307:TPLF 2303:Fano 2281:and 2248:Fano 2191:. 2183:and 2030:Buna 1946:Tibs 1845:and 1615:TPLF 1584:Qene 1574:Derg 1528:and 1494:lyre 1489:krar 1484:lute 1461:and 1122:and 1106:and 1066:", " 1062:" (" 1025:and 962:Menz 940:and 934:Ifat 839:and 827:and 813:Agaw 692:and 641:Hayq 613:and 543:ḥara 476:Agaw 333:ዐምሐራ 295:and 265:Agaw 246:) • 238:) • 81:Gabi 8332:Zay 8004:Zay 7842:Awi 7613:Zay 7285:Zay 7123:Awi 6789:137 6449:PMC 6441:doi 6381:PMC 6373:doi 6280:PMC 6262:doi 6240:111 6208:doi 6188:PMC 6178:doi 5958:doi 5929:doi 5898:doi 5894:120 5855:doi 5805:doi 5766:doi 5680:doi 5344:doi 5314:doi 5022:. . 4965:doi 4895:doi 4377:doi 4350:doi 2940:of 2189:Ras 2012:Tej 1964:ful 1891:tej 1788:Art 1281:in 1208:). 964:in 873:by 791:as 615:Wag 533:ʿam 372:). 313:አማራ 289:Zay 287:• 51:አማራ 8398:: 7745:. 7026:. 6960:. 6903:^ 6775:; 6692:. 6638:. 6586:. 6542:. 6504:^ 6457:. 6447:. 6437:74 6435:. 6431:. 6389:. 6379:. 6369:70 6367:. 6363:. 6337:. 6311:. 6288:. 6278:. 6270:. 6260:. 6252:. 6238:. 6234:. 6196:. 6186:. 6174:10 6172:. 6168:. 6142:. 6043:^ 5964:. 5954:44 5952:. 5923:. 5919:. 5892:. 5869:. 5861:. 5849:. 5819:. 5811:. 5799:. 5795:. 5772:. 5760:. 5717:^ 5707:. 5692:^ 5676:11 5674:. 5630:^ 5615:^ 5438:. 5408:. 5340:61 5338:. 5310:28 5308:. 5304:. 5120:^ 4971:. 4961:96 4959:. 4909:. 4901:. 4891:47 4889:. 4756:. 4655:^ 4639:^ 4623:^ 4603:^ 4566:. 4537:. 4514:. 4459:. 4399:. 4391:. 4383:. 4373:46 4371:. 4346:16 4344:. 4340:. 4314:26 4312:. 4308:. 4211:. 4176:. 4093:. 4032:. 4010:. 3919:^ 3891:^ 3668:^ 3628:^ 3513:. 3474:. 3395:}} 3391:{{ 3331:. 3316:^ 3099:, 3077:, 2936:, 2381:J2 2377:J1 2293:, 2289:, 2225:: 2217:: 2207:: 2199:: 2158:: 1138:. 1118:, 1114:, 1091:. 1010:." 980:. 936:, 917:. 835:, 617:. 609:, 605:, 601:, 593:, 589:, 538:ሐራ 528:ዐም 502:. 467:, 335:, 331:: 327:; 315:, 311:: 283:• 279:• 275:• 271:• 267:• 8339:- 8289:e 8282:t 8275:v 7794:e 7787:t 7780:v 7761:. 7716:. 7620:- 7570:e 7563:t 7556:v 7075:e 7068:t 7061:v 7042:. 6997:. 6968:. 6928:. 6897:. 6791:. 6761:. 6743:. 6708:. 6642:. 6624:. 6597:. 6553:. 6465:. 6443:: 6397:. 6375:: 6348:. 6322:. 6296:. 6264:: 6256:: 6246:: 6210:: 6204:. 6180:: 6153:. 6127:. 6104:. 6065:. 6022:. 5997:. 5972:. 5960:: 5937:. 5931:: 5925:1 5904:. 5900:: 5877:. 5857:: 5851:7 5834:. 5807:: 5801:6 5780:. 5768:: 5762:6 5745:. 5711:. 5686:. 5682:: 5654:. 5609:. 5568:. 5545:. 5531:. 5516:. 5493:. 5479:. 5442:. 5424:. 5394:. 5373:. 5350:. 5346:: 5320:. 5316:: 5263:. 5227:. 5167:. 5143:. 5114:. 5060:. 5007:. 4979:. 4967:: 4950:. 4917:. 4897:: 4860:. 4790:. 4729:. 4706:. 4679:. 4584:. 4570:. 4549:. 4539:8 4522:. 4467:. 4434:. 4407:. 4379:: 4352:: 4284:. 4244:. 4219:. 4184:. 4151:. 4126:. 4101:. 4068:. 4043:. 4018:. 3968:. 3943:. 3913:. 3870:. 3798:. 3758:. 3731:. 3704:. 3662:. 3639:. 3622:. 3595:. 3556:. 3486:. 3460:. 3435:. 3401:) 3387:. 3350:. 3266:Z 3226:Y 3189:W 3140:, 3132:T 3069:S 3056:P 3022:N 2967:M 2948:L 2922:K 2903:I 2860:H 2812:G 2799:F 2762:E 2731:D 2686:B 2538:A 2528:Z 2523:Y 2518:X 2513:W 2508:V 2503:U 2498:T 2493:S 2488:R 2483:Q 2478:P 2473:O 2468:N 2463:M 2458:L 2453:K 2448:J 2443:I 2438:H 2433:G 2428:F 2423:E 2418:D 2413:C 2408:B 2403:A 2195:* 2167:" 2076:) 2072:( 1599:( 1164:. 577:( 541:( 531:( 307:( 254:) 250:( 242:( 234:( 67:) 60:) 56:( 31:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index