822:
1200:
874:
715:
1215:
1001:
40:
4264:
4252:
4288:
1051:
4276:
753:, in alpine-type mountain environments. Alpine routes are often long and require a full day of climbing or even several days. Because of the length of the routes, and the danger of alpine environments (e.g. rockfall, avalanche, altitude, weather, etc.), alpine climbers (or "alpinists") typically try routes that are well within their technical rock, ice, or mixed climbing capabilities.
865:", it also makes alpine climbing far more dangerous. In situations where the habitually unstable high-altitude weather turns, alpine climbers will not have the provisions to "sit out" the storm, and will not have the fixed ropes in place to retreat safely and quickly; such forced retreats in poor conditions are dangerous.
1072:. Similarly to rockfall, alpinists face the risk of avalanches whose effects are also amplified by the couloirs some alpine routes ascend. In addition to encountering avalanches while on exposed alpine faces, they also encounter this risk when traveling to and from the routes. Leading modern alpinists including
1096:. The completion of alpine climbs, or a retreat mid-route, can involve lengthy and complicated abseils for the descent. Descending major routes can require +20 abseils, carried out by tired climbers and often in poor conditions. A failure of any of these abseils can be fatal. The famous 1978 retreat from
1023:
said of modern alpinism: "The routes are becoming more technically demanding, in more remote areas, and the method of "light and fast" â minimal gear, no fixed ropes, doing the route in a single push â is now regarded as the best style. These trends, and others, have made the sport of alpine climbing
1277:
is graded ED2 even though the rock climbing is graded UIAA Vâ and the ice climbing is only at 60 degrees (i.e. both typically a D grade), due to the exceptional length and danger of the route. In spite of this, attempts have been made to ascribe a "typical" range of rock and ice climbing grades for
1189:
Remoteness. Alpine climbs are in remote settings. Even in the
European Alps, alpine climbers that get into difficulty can wait long periods before rescue is available or possible. Alpine climbers in the Himalayas and in Patagonia may take significantly longer periods to rescue, and for advanced
1133:
Weather. Alpinists attempt bold and exposed routes â often on the dark north faces of mountains â at high altitudes where the weather is unstable. They don't carry the equipment to "wait out" storms. Retreats by alpinists in violent storms can be more dangerous than the route itself. One of the
1175:
Navigation. Alpine routes are typically long and can follow complex paths through large mountain ridges and faces. A mistake in navigation or route finding, which can be exacerbated by poor weather, the effects of altitude, or the need to travel in the dark, can lead the climbers into situations
806:
Due to the greater complexity and risks of alpine climbing, alpinists need to be much more familiar with and confident in each team member's abilities and skill level. Alpine climbing involves exercising judgment and decision-making to adapt to the constantly changing alpine weather and route
858:"Alpine style" also means being "lightly equipped" with for example no supplementary oxygen, no major tenting or overnight equipment, and limited food and fuel supplies. It also means having no fixed ropes on the route (an important safety feature of expedition-style mountaineering).
958:
will be required, as well as some of the broader tools needed for climbing in snow conditions such as avalanche equipment and snow belay systems. Alpine climbers may have to change from heavy ice climbing boots into rock climbing shoes while on the
1273:(IFAS). The UIAA warns against aligning their acronyms with equivalent rock and ice climbing grades, as the objective dangers can vary dramatically on routes with similar rock and ice climbing grades. For example, the famous 1,800-metre
1361:(very difficult). These routes are serious undertakings with high levels of objective danger. TD-/TD/TD+ routes have sustained snow and ice at an angle of 65â80 degrees, with ice climbing at grades WI5 to WI6, and rock climbing at grades
1321:(fairly difficult). Intermediate alpine climbing with long pitches of fully roped climbing. AD-/AD/AD+ routes have sustained snow and ice at an angle of 45â65 degrees, with ice climbing at grade WI3, and rock climbing at grades
1166:, which is amplified by the need to travel on glaciers in the dark (an "Alpine start") to complete routes before the sun increases the risks of rockfall and avalanche. Many alpinists were killed falling through cornices such as
1341:(difficult). Hard and serious routes even for experienced climbers, can be long or short. D-/D/D+ routes have sustained snow and ice at an angle of 50â70 degrees, with ice climbing at grade WI4, and rock climbing at grades
776:) is riskier but is necessary to ensure that the climbers can move quickly through what is often a very dangerous and exposed environment (e.g. rockfall on open ice fields), and complete the routes in a reasonable time.
1262:) involved. In addition, alpine grades will quote the inclination of the main snow slopes encountered (e.g. 50â60 degrees), as these are often not graded ice climbs, but contribute significantly to the overall risk.
594:
face a wide range of serious risks in addition to the specific risks of rock, ice, and mixed climbing. This includes the risks of rockfalls (common with rock faces in alpine environments), avalanches (especially in
1961:
Definition of 'alpine style': In
Mountaineering, of or in an ascent (esp in high mountains like the Himalayas) in which the climbers carry all their equipment with them in a single ascent from base to summit.
1229:
Due to the complexity of routes in alpine climbing, the "overall" grade denotes the general level of seriousness of the route to which is added additional specific grade(s) for any rock climbing (usually the
1016:
Alpinists face a number of additional risks to the risks of rock climbing, ice climbing, and mixed climbing, making it one of the most dangerous forms of climbing. In 2019, Francis
Sanzaro writing in the
807:
conditions (e.g. changing snow and ice levels), and where good initial progress can quickly turn into a fight for the team's very survival (e.g. as extensively chronicled during the famous
1571:
in pure alpine style; the descent turned into a struggle for survival as Scott and
Bonnington were severely injured on the abseil; the ascent attracted worldwide interest for its boldness.
1038:. Alpine-type rock faces are in a perpetual state of erosion, which leads to periods of significant rockfall on various routes. The action of these rockfalls can be amplified by the
1301:(slightly difficult). Novice alpine climbing. PD-/PD/PD+ routes have snow slopes of up to 45 degrees, glaciers but no real ice climbing, may involve easy rock climbing at grades
4173:
4168:
1405:) is placed after the acronym to indicate if a climb is at the lower or upper end of that grade (e.g., a climb slightly harder than "PD+" might be "ADâ"). The term ABO for
615:, and the difficulty of rescue and/or retreat due to the remote setting. Due to the scale of the routes, alpine climbers need to be able to move together for speed (e.g.
2017:
1584:
via the north ridge in pure alpine style; the route would not be climbed until 2022 but Lowe's bold attempt increased worldwide interest in "pure alpine style" climbing.
1154:. Alpinists usually need to travel over glaciers in getting to and from their routes, and can also encounter hanging glaciers on routes. Glaciers bring the risks of
1917:
584:
refers to the fashion of alpine climbing to be in small lightly-equipped teams who carry their own equipment (e.g. no porters), and do all of the climbing (e.g. no
1381:(extremely difficult). Extremely hard, exceptional objective danger, vertical ice slopes with ice climbing at grades above WI6, and rock climbing at grades above
1028:
called the
Piolets d'Or, alpine climbing's most important award, "A Climbing Award That May Be a Winnerâs Last", due to the number of fatalities of past winners.
882:
787:, either on the descent or in a retreat from a route. Classic alpine climbing routes often take at least a full day of climbing which necessitates the early "
4220:
3187:
4232:
1116:. Alpine climbing is done at higher altitudes, and modern alpine climbing in the Himalayas and Patagonia is done at very high altitudes, including the
2227:
2295:
903:
needed can be considerable due to the diverse range of climbing techniques required on major alpine routes, and the harsh conditions encountered.
1120:. As alpinists need to carry their equipment, supplementary oxygen is usually not employed. High altitude not only brings the specific risks of
2486:
3175:
2671:
783:, particularly if high up on a route, aid is needed to make progress and avoid a dangerous retreat. It can also involve multiple and complex
2540:
2767:
2322:
3160:
2514:
82:
2418:
4214:
4183:
520:
1289:(easy). Beginner climbing, possibly a glacial approach, with snow at an easy angle; little real rock or ice climbing, some scrambling.
899:
While alpine climbers are "lightly equipped" due to the fact that they must carry all of their equipment while climbing, the range of
3209:
3204:
106:
2617:
4919:
4326:
847:â who carry all of their own equipment (e.g. no porters), and do all of the climbing (e.g. no sherpas or reserve teams laying down
580:, it is used to refer to climbing in any remote mountainous area, including in the Himalayas and in Patagonia. The derived term
821:
1482:, one of the hardest feats of alpine climbing at the time; much of the pillar fell off in 2005 and the route no longer exists.
1417:
The following are the most notable milestones in alpine climbing (and latterly, alpine-style climbing as applied worldwide):
2618:"Interview with Sean Villanueva O'Driscoll about his solo traverse of Patagonia's Fitz Roy massif (the Moonwalk Traverse)"
3170:
1760:
1448:(as it is known), carries a grade of ED2, due to its extreme danger beyond its technical grades of V A0 60-degree slopes.
2819:
2751:
2729:
2710:
2278:
1113:
3155:
3140:
2565:
843:
The derived term "alpine style" alludes to the fashion of alpine climbing to be in small fast-moving teams â or even
72:
4990:
1651:
A number of notable climbing films have been made about alpine climbing (and alpine climbing routes), including:
1989:
4292:
4153:
2781:
2138:
2110:
1895:
1829:
1426:
513:
1492:
1458:
635:
855:(which is sometimes pejoratively called "siege style"), and is often considered a "purer" form of climbing.
4319:
4083:
3460:
1692:
1235:
1231:
1135:
808:
2049:
1031:
Additional risks faced by alpinists to the risks of rock climbing, ice climbing, and mixed climbing, are:
1199:
1064:
into which avalanches and rockfalls are funneled; alpine climbers move through it as quickly as possible.
861:
While these attributes enable alpine climbers to move quickly and take advantage of good conditions and "
1176:
that are fatal. It is not uncommon for alpinists to "go missing" on large routes; notable examples are
4985:
3455:
3221:
1948:
1741:
118:
4845:
4812:
4280:
4143:
3505:
2189:
1709:
506:
2589:
2161:
1943:
987:, as well as the specialized equipment for extensive and heavy-duty abseiling; and also elements of
887:
4784:
4058:
4053:
3199:
1698:
464:
101:
873:
833:
726:
714:
4312:
4188:
3983:
3958:
3849:
3842:
3247:
3150:
3105:
2423:
2082:
1382:
1366:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1326:
1322:
1306:
1302:
1009:
907:
892:
in full gear about to start their unsuccessful 2015 alpine-style ascent of the southwest face of
356:
2644:
1794:
1247:
4098:
4008:
3651:
3404:
3260:
3192:
2812:
1214:
964:
695:
416:
94:
45:
4158:
2777:
2459:
2105:
4461:
4133:
4048:
3550:
3416:
2739:
2223:
2133:
1661:
1085:
4802:
4628:
4496:
4163:
4148:
4138:
3389:
3355:
3135:
2909:
2887:
2880:
2868:
2771:
1496:
911:
569:
190:
168:
161:
149:
8:
4729:
4656:
4556:
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4519:
4038:
3856:
3835:
3738:
3680:
3675:
3634:
3609:
3532:
3438:
3360:
3272:
3013:
2622:
2491:
1994:
1867:
1799:
1222:
1190:
and dangerous routes, rescue may simply not be possible without endangering the rescuers.
1128:
but also increases the effects of dehydration and fatigue, and thus poor decision making.
426:
404:
54:
1259:
1239:
4860:
4623:
4178:
3760:
3728:
3399:
3382:
3238:
3216:
3182:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2676:
2400:
2300:
2194:
2054:
1862:
900:
772:, particularly on large snow slopes or easier rock sections. Simultaneous climbing (or
650:. The subsequent era, which is still ongoing, is focused on the equivalent ascents and
486:
431:
212:
207:
202:
89:
4673:
2018:"Two climbers attempt first winter ascent of an eight-thousander in pure alpine style"
1454:
4618:
4366:
4268:
4251:
4193:
3988:
3916:
3891:
3877:
3870:
3685:
3587:
3487:
3267:
2938:
2863:
2805:
2747:
2725:
2706:
2561:
2274:
2199:
1687:
1547:
1121:
972:
935:
738:
627:
573:
459:
449:
219:
144:
23:
2404:
4909:
4893:
4883:
4850:
4661:
4534:
4381:
4128:
4063:
4043:
4018:
4003:
3770:
3748:
3624:
3367:
3003:
2557:
1526:
1522:
1510:
1488:
1207:
1056:
968:
922:
while climbing the route in order to give additional protection in the manner of a
852:
679:
655:
491:
471:
267:
257:
111:
1713:, a 1975 fictional thriller film that involves an ascent of the north face of the
1255:
1081:
878:
654:, of the ice and snow-covered faces and ridges of major Himalayan peaks (e.g. the
4939:
4924:
4779:
4746:
4256:
4123:
4068:
4023:
3998:
3968:
3753:
3723:
3646:
3641:
3500:
3448:
3372:
3333:
3306:
2964:
2077:
1564:
1433:
927:
915:
792:
718:
703:
647:
643:
537:
481:
2787:
1918:"Ueli Steck, Mathieu Maynadier and JĂ©rĂŽme Para in Les Drus North Couloir Direct"
1608:; the provenance of the climb was initially questioned, but upheld by witnesses.
737:
Alpine climbing involves small unsupported teams tackling large multi-pitch (or
4949:
4840:
4824:
4807:
4668:
4601:
4594:
4584:
4304:
4115:
4088:
3993:
3963:
3828:
3775:
3718:
3713:
3663:
3604:
3540:
3411:
3394:
3311:
3145:
3110:
3075:
3070:
3025:
2983:
2954:
2904:
2892:
2548:
2166:
1726:
1639:
1605:
1535:
1467:
1177:
1077:
1043:
1019:
943:
923:
862:
773:
750:
639:
616:
565:
561:
545:
476:
421:
366:
326:
321:
245:
230:
185:
173:
77:
2363:
4979:
4959:
4772:
4678:
4613:
4431:
4396:
4386:
4351:
4335:
4078:
3978:
3923:
3884:
3783:
3733:
3708:
3619:
3472:
3328:
3294:
3115:
3090:
2969:
2959:
2916:
2899:
2843:
2323:"Opinion: Climbers Are Dying in Patagonia and It Seems Different Than Before"
2203:
1736:
1593:
1568:
1514:
1471:
1243:
1105:
844:
757:
742:
699:
663:
631:
600:
585:
553:
399:
371:
361:
341:
197:
180:
129:
3592:
768:
below, parts will involve both climbers moving simultaneously together as a
4944:
4934:
4929:
4855:
4817:
4741:
4719:
4651:
4589:
4546:
4524:
4438:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4376:
4371:
4356:
4198:
4093:
3973:
3909:
3788:
3743:
3350:
3338:
3299:
3284:
3095:
3020:
3008:
2858:
2594:
1731:
1656:
1642:
award, and was called one of the greatest alpine solos in climbing history.
1619:
1518:
1437:
1251:
1167:
1151:
988:
980:
939:
893:
788:
780:
746:
675:
603:
hitting climbers on exposed mountain faces, altitude effects (dehydration,
557:
454:
346:
274:
262:
139:
1385: (5.11a/b) VII+; retreats may be extremely difficult in poor weather.
926:
route (i.e where traditional climbing protection is not useable). Use of
4954:
4736:
4724:
4688:
4683:
4529:
4514:
4504:
4443:
4421:
4361:
4033:
4028:
3765:
3658:
3557:
3343:
3277:
3100:
3080:
3042:
3030:
2996:
2296:"How Climate Change Is Making Mountaineering and Alpinism More Dangerous"
1824:
1671:
1665:
1627:
1159:
1000:
800:
730:
691:
667:
651:
351:
331:
291:
279:
250:
39:
1890:
4767:
4709:
4704:
4635:
4541:
4509:
4481:
4471:
4453:
4406:
4343:
3614:
3495:
3428:
3289:
3060:
3037:
2875:
1590:
1560:
1543:
1539:
1181:
1117:
1101:
1073:
976:
848:
825:
687:
683:
311:
286:
156:
2228:"The Principles of Alpine Climbing / Mountain safety with Steve House"
1499:
was the first female to complete the solo winter
Trilogy in 1992â1994.
4878:
4579:
4466:
4416:
3937:
3930:
3798:
3793:
3703:
3668:
3582:
3527:
3433:
3377:
3316:
3065:
1680:
1635:
1601:
1577:
1139:
1069:
951:
769:
620:
608:
389:
316:
1004:
Alpinist crossing a large snow field underneath a dangerous hanging
803:
to get to and from the route (and in the dark for "alpine starts").
4964:
4870:
4571:
4486:
4476:
4013:
3863:
3599:
3562:
3520:
3510:
2828:
1631:
1475:
1155:
1035:
984:
837:
761:
671:
549:
411:
394:
31:
2744:
Training for the New
Alpinism: A Manual for the Climber as Athlete
2269:
Cosley, Kathy; Houston, Mark (2004). "The Making of an
Alpinist".
910:: Routes involving rock climbing require the equipment needed for
4714:
4561:
4426:
3629:
3515:
3465:
3321:
3085:
2022:
1147:
1039:
955:
947:
938:: Routes involving ice or snow require the equipment needed for
796:
765:
596:
336:
2722:
1702:, a 2003 docudrama about a famous alpine climbing rescue in the
1050:
791:" (and helps to avoid the afternoon rockfalls), and may force a
4914:
3477:
3443:
1525:, which climbers previously believed could only be summited in
1093:
784:
612:
576:) in an alpine environment. While alpine climbing began in the
1436:
completed the greatest prize in
European alpine climbing, the
1265:
The most widely used "overall" grades are the acronyms of the
4226:
4073:
3545:
3423:
3255:
1795:"Want to Get into Alpine Climbing? Here's How to Get Started"
1714:
1581:
1441:
1163:
1125:
1097:
1061:
1005:
930:
is common given the danger of rockfall on alpine-type routes.
919:
659:
604:
49:
4227:
Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes
760:
tackling difficult rock, ice, or mixed sections while being
4888:
2797:
2487:"Remembering Italian Mountaineer Walter Bonatti, 1930-2011"
1703:
1660:, a 2021 documentary film about the late Canadian alpinist
577:
1521:
in pure alpine style; the first alpine-style ascent of an
706:
are awarded for the best achievements in alpine climbing.
4762:
626:
The first "golden age" of modern alpine climbing was the
971:, may also require the additional equipment typical in
4169:
Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
1576:
1978. After 26 days of climbing, a small team led by
548:
that involves using any of a broad range of advanced
4221:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
4174:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
2515:"Mountain Literature Classics: The Shining Mountain"
4233:
Union of International Mountain Leader Associations
1863:"Go From Crag to Alpine Climbing With These 8 Tips"
967:: Routes involving a large number of vertical rock
1675:, a 2015 documentary film about the ascent of the
1550:techniques was revolutionary. Boardman's account,
741:) routes that can involve various combinations of
4977:
4334:
2394:
828:making a rapid 'alpine style' one-day ascent of
1990:"State of the Heart: The Evolution of Alpinism"
1517:made the first ascent of the Northwest Face of
2703:Alpine Climbing: Techniques to Take You Higher
2271:Alpine Climbing: Techniques to Take You Higher
2190:"A Climbing Award That May Be a Winner's Last"
1457:became the first alpinist to complete the six
756:While parts of an alpine route will involve a
623:), which is another source of specific risk.
611:), complex navigation and route finding, long
4320:
2813:
2700:
2268:
1162:at the base of routes), and of large falling
514:
1604:in just 28-hours, for which he won the 2013
1474:of a new route on the southwest face of the
2399:. Central School of Mountaineering, Italy.
2293:
4327:
4313:
4215:International Federation of Sport Climbing
2820:
2806:
2364:"Grade Conversions: Alpine Grading System"
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
1891:"French style: moving quickly in the Alps"
1691:, a 2008 German historical film about the
1554:, became a classic in mountain literature.
1409:is explicitly not recognized by the UIAA.
521:
507:
2768:The Alps: A Glance at Modern Alpine Style
2131:
991:equipment to ensure progress can be made.
2672:"The 20 Best Climbing Films of All Time"
2669:
2512:
2395:Mandelli, Gabriele; Angriman, A (2016).
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
1491:became the first alpinist to climb the "
1213:
1198:
1104:famously broke both legs abseiling down
1049:
999:
872:
820:
713:
674:) in "alpine style" by pioneers such as
2719:
2587:
2538:
2341:
2159:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2015:
1987:
1860:
4978:
2645:"The Greatest Alpine Climb Ever Done?"
2532:
2464:International School of Mountaineering
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2419:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
2397:Scales of Difficulty in Mountaineering
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2273:. Mountaineers Books. pp. 15â31.
1819:
1817:
1580:gets to within 500 feet of the summit
1546:in alpine style; their integration of
1271:International French Adjectival System
1138:, with the infamous image of alpinist
851:). "Alpine-style" is the opposite of
4308:
2801:
2738:
2701:Cosley, Kathy; Houston, Mark (2004).
2670:Bisharat, Andrew (6 September 2022).
2615:
2485:Potts, Mary Ann (16 September 2011).
2484:
2245:
2222:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1888:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1046:has increased this risk even further.
914:. Alpine climbers may also hammer in
4275:
2581:
2187:
2181:
2153:
2103:
2037:
1275:Eiger North Face 1938 Heckmair Route
1024:very, very dangerous". In 2021, the
686:, and latterly by alpinists such as
4287:
2439:
2411:
2381:
2134:"Tech skills: gear for alpine rock"
1814:
1761:"Eiger speed record by Dani Arnold"
1206:(AD, French 4c UIAA V, 300-metre),
1088:have been killed in such a fashion.
1060:ice field on the north face of the
836:) a major alpine climbing route on
13:
2778:Essential alpine climbing know-how
2694:
2294:O'Neill, Devon (5 February 2016).
2160:Sanzaro, Francis (17 April 2019).
2132:Middelton, Daniel (20 June 2014).
2016:Gogorza, Ăscar (17 January 2023).
1966:
1845:
1793:Buhay, Corey (19 September 2022).
1779:
1221:(D+, Ice WI4, Mix M3, 400-metre),
14:
5002:
4184:South African Climbing Federation
2761:
2616:Franz, Derek (15 February 2021).
1618:2021. Sean Villanueva O'Driscoll
1534:1976. After 25 days of climbing,
1042:that some alpine routes ascend.
795:. It often involves traveling on
4286:
4274:
4263:
4262:
4250:
3156:IFSC World Championships winners
2162:"Are Mountain Climbers Selfish?"
1988:Holsten, Jens (16 August 2016).
1420:
1267:UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty
38:
2663:
2637:
2609:
2513:Turnbull, Ronald (7 May 2022).
2506:
2478:
2315:
2287:
2216:
2125:
2097:
2070:
814:
4154:British Mountaineering Council
2782:British Mountaineering Council
2139:British Mountaineering Council
2111:British Mountaineering Council
2009:
1936:
1910:
1896:British Mountaineering Council
1882:
1861:Ellison, Julie (4 July 2022).
1830:British Mountaineering Council
1753:
1600:on the enormous south face of
1427:Timeline of climbing the Eiger
1100:required 85 abseils; in 1977,
709:
630:âin summer, in winter, and as
1:
2792:Ari Paulin Base Camp Database
1747:
1459:great north faces of the Alps
1412:
666:) and Patagonian peaks (e.g.
636:great north faces of the Alps
4336:Extreme and adventure sports
2827:
2188:Levy, Michael (2021-11-29).
1693:1936 Eiger climbing disaster
1638:, for which he won the 2022
1612:
1503:
1478:, which became known as the
1136:1936 Eiger climbing disaster
1134:most famous examples is the
868:
809:1936 Eiger climbing disaster
779:Alpine climbing can involve
564:, to summit typically large
7:
2588:Douglas, Ed (17 May 2017).
2106:"Essential alpine know-how"
1720:
1258:), and mixed climbing (the
965:Big wall climbing equipment
10:
5007:
2104:Ryan, Tony (8 June 2016).
1949:Collins English Dictionary
1889:Cross, Rich (7 May 2003).
1742:Glossary of climbing terms
1664:, featuring his ascent of
1646:
1559:1977. A small team led by
1424:
1194:
4902:
4869:
4833:
4813:Aggressive inline skating
4795:
4755:
4697:
4644:
4570:
4495:
4452:
4342:
4246:
4207:
4144:Appalachian Mountain Club
4114:
4107:
3951:
3901:
3820:
3813:
3696:
3575:
3486:
3246:
3237:
3230:
3128:
3053:
2982:
2947:
2851:
2842:
2835:
2539:Griffin, Lindsay (2014).
1630:of the 10 summits of the
1596:in pure alpine style the
1567:made the first ascent of
1440:of the north face of the
599:), seracs and crevasses,
4059:Mountain Safety Research
4054:Mountain Equipment Co-op
2788:Grading of Alpine Climbs
1542:summit the west wall of
1389:Note: A "+" (pronounced
995:
58:(ED2, Vâ, A0, 60° snow).
4991:Types of mountaineering
4189:South Tyrol Alpine Club
3984:Eastern Mountain Sports
3850:Canadian Alpine Journal
3843:American Alpine Journal
3106:Roof and tunnel hacking
2720:Goodlad, Bruce (2011).
2541:"The 2014 Piolets d'Or"
2424:American Alpine Journal
2083:Encyclopedia Britannica
1495:" in winter, and solo;
1397:) or a "â" (pronounced
908:Rock-climbing equipment
46:Hinterstoisser traverse
4009:Holubar Mountaineering
3821:Magazines and journals
3151:IFSC World Cup winners
2705:. Mountaineers Books.
1226:
1211:
1142:hanging from his rope.
1065:
1013:
936:Ice climbing equipment
896:
840:
734:
541:
44:Alpinist crossing the
16:Type of mountaineering
4689:Parachuting/Skydiving
4134:Alpine Club of Canada
4044:Marmot Mountain Works
3999:GERRY Mountain Sports
2590:"Ueli Steck obituary"
1379:extrĂȘmement difficile
1369: (5.11a/b) VII+.
1365: (5.10a) VI+ to
1254:), ice climbing (the
1217:
1202:
1053:
1003:
876:
824:
717:
4803:Freestyle scootering
4629:Traditional climbing
4164:Club Alpino Italiano
4149:Austrian Alpine Club
4139:American Alpine Club
2772:American Alpine Club
1552:The Shining Mountain
1497:Catherine Destivelle
1432:1938. A team led by
1269:, also known as the
1010:Grand Pilier d'Angle
912:traditional climbing
830:North Couloir Direct
727:D, UIAA V, French 4c
638:by pioneers such as
4730:Powered paragliding
4557:Whitewater kayaking
4552:Whitewater canoeing
4159:Club Alpin Français
3533:Mountaineering boot
3146:Piolet d'Or winners
2492:National Geographic
2050:"The New Alpinists"
1632:Cerro Chaltén Group
1444:. Even today, the
1325: (5.4) IV+ to
1278:to each acronym:
588:or reserve teams).
78:Piolet d'Or winners
55:1938 Heckmair Route
4861:Ski mountaineering
4624:Free solo climbing
4562:Whitewater rafting
4179:German Alpine Club
2651:. 21 February 2021
2368:Rockfax Publishing
2195:The New York Times
1710:The Eiger Sanction
1662:Marc-André Leclerc
1470:completed a 5-day
1345: (5.7) V+ to
1227:
1212:
1086:Marc-André Leclerc
1066:
1014:
946:. In particular,
901:climbing equipment
897:
841:
735:
628:first free ascents
552:skills, including
4986:Types of climbing
4973:
4972:
4619:Big wall climbing
4367:Kite landboarding
4302:
4301:
4242:
4241:
4194:Swiss Alpine Club
3947:
3946:
3902:Non-fiction films
3878:Planinski Vestnik
3871:Himalayan Journal
3809:
3808:
3571:
3570:
3200:Historical events
3171:Eight-thousanders
3124:
3123:
2978:
2977:
2466:. 1 February 2021
2329:. 26 January 2023
1699:Touching the Void
1677:Shark Fin's Route
1624:Moonwalk Traverse
1548:big wall climbing
1223:Triangle du Tacul
973:big wall climbing
668:Cerro Torre Group
656:eight-thousanders
531:
530:
112:Eight-thousanders
102:Historical events
4998:
4910:Adventure racing
4884:Extreme sledding
4851:Freestyle skiing
4662:Ski-BASE jumping
4535:Technical diving
4382:Mountainboarding
4329:
4322:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4290:
4289:
4278:
4277:
4266:
4265:
4254:
4112:
4111:
4064:Outdoor Research
3818:
3817:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3205:Grade milestones
3014:Expedition style
2849:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2757:
2735:
2716:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2649:Gripped Magazine
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2545:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2460:"Alpine Grading"
2456:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2392:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2360:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2327:Gripped Magazine
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2266:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:. 1 October 2000
2046:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1985:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1858:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1790:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1683:in the Himalayas
1527:expedition style
1523:eight-thousander
1511:Reinhold Messner
1489:Ivano Ghirardini
1208:Aiguille du Midi
928:climbing helmets
891:
877:Czech alpinists
853:expedition style
764:by a stationary
680:Reinhold Messner
523:
516:
509:
268:Expedition style
107:Grade milestones
42:
19:
18:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4940:Obstacle racing
4925:Extreme ironing
4898:
4865:
4829:
4791:
4780:Mountain biking
4751:
4747:Wingsuit flying
4693:
4640:
4607:Alpine climbing
4566:
4491:
4448:
4338:
4333:
4303:
4298:
4238:
4203:
4103:
3969:Cascade Designs
3943:
3897:
3805:
3692:
3567:
3501:Abalakov thread
3482:
3226:
3120:
3049:
2974:
2943:
2927:Deep-water solo
2831:
2826:
2764:
2754:
2732:
2724:. Pesda Press.
2713:
2697:
2695:Further reading
2692:
2682:
2680:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2558:The Alpine Club
2543:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2393:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2267:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2226:(24 May 2019).
2221:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1986:
1967:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1924:. 28 March 2016
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1859:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1833:. 28 March 2004
1825:"Alpine skills"
1823:
1822:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1791:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1767:. 24 April 2011
1759:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1723:
1649:
1626:, which is the
1615:
1565:Chris Bonington
1506:
1455:Gaston RĂ©buffat
1434:Anderl Heckmair
1429:
1423:
1415:
1349: (5.9) VI.
1319:assez difficile
1204:Cosmiques Ridge
1197:
1108:, but survived.
998:
885:
871:
863:weather windows
819:
719:Moving together
712:
648:Gaston Rebuffat
644:Riccardo Cassin
544:) is a type of
534:Alpine climbing
527:
498:
436:
376:
298:
224:
208:Deep-water solo
123:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5004:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4920:Cheese rolling
4917:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4841:Extreme skiing
4837:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4825:Roller skating
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4808:Inline skating
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:Bungee jumping
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4602:Mountaineering
4599:
4598:
4597:
4595:Mixed climbing
4587:
4585:Crane climbing
4582:
4576:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4272:
4260:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4089:The North Face
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4019:Sierra Designs
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3994:Frostline Kits
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3888:
3885:Rock & Ice
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3829:Alpine Journal
3824:
3822:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3719:Climbing route
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3664:Simul-climbing
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Front pointing
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:Avalanche cord
3535:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3513:
3508:
3506:Bottled oxygen
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3161:IFSC victories
3158:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2988:
2986:
2984:Mountaineering
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2846:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2763:
2762:External links
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:978-1938340239
2752:
2736:
2731:978-1906095307
2730:
2717:
2712:978-0898867497
2711:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2662:
2636:
2608:
2580:
2566:
2549:Alpine Journal
2531:
2505:
2477:
2438:
2410:
2380:
2340:
2314:
2286:
2280:978-0898867497
2279:
2244:
2232:PlanetMountain
2215:
2180:
2167:New York Times
2152:
2124:
2096:
2078:"Alpine style"
2069:
2036:
2008:
1965:
1944:"Alpine-style"
1935:
1922:PlanetMountain
1909:
1881:
1844:
1813:
1778:
1765:PlanetMountain
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Mixed climbing
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1704:Peruvian Andes
1695:
1684:
1668:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1598:Lafaille Route
1586:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1556:
1555:
1536:Peter Boardman
1531:
1530:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1484:
1483:
1480:Bonatti Pillar
1468:Walter Bonatti
1463:
1462:
1450:
1449:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1387:
1386:
1371:
1370:
1359:trĂšs difficile
1351:
1350:
1331:
1330:
1329: (5.6) V.
1311:
1310:
1305: III to
1291:
1290:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1178:Peter Boardman
1172:
1171:
1144:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1110:
1109:
1090:
1089:
1078:Jess Roskelley
1048:
1047:
1044:Climate change
1026:New York Times
1020:New York Times
997:
994:
993:
992:
961:
960:
944:mixed climbing
932:
931:
924:sport climbing
883:TomĂĄĆĄ PetreÄek
870:
867:
818:
813:
774:simul climbing
766:second climber
751:mixed climbing
711:
708:
672:Fitz Roy Group
640:Walter Bonatti
617:simul climbing
601:violent storms
562:mixed climbing
546:mountaineering
529:
528:
526:
525:
518:
511:
503:
500:
499:
497:
496:
495:
494:
489:
484:
474:
469:
468:
467:
462:
452:
446:
443:
442:
438:
437:
435:
434:
429:
424:
422:Simul climbing
419:
414:
409:
408:
407:
397:
392:
386:
383:
382:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
308:
305:
304:
300:
299:
297:
296:
295:
294:
284:
283:
282:
272:
271:
270:
265:
255:
254:
253:
248:
237:
234:
233:
231:mountaineering
226:
225:
223:
222:
217:
216:
215:
210:
205:
195:
194:
193:
188:
178:
177:
176:
166:
165:
164:
154:
153:
152:
142:
136:
133:
132:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
115:
114:
109:
99:
98:
97:
87:
86:
85:
83:IFSC victories
80:
69:
66:
65:
61:
60:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5003:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Ultramarathon
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4773:Freestyle BMX
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4679:Cliff jumping
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4614:Rock climbing
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4432:River surfing
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Street luging
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Skateboarding
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:Riverboarding
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Bellyboarding
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4295:
4294:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:International
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4108:Organizations
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Early Winters
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Black Diamond
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:The Dawn Wall
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Bachar ladder
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Climbing wall
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Approach shoe
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3329:Climbing rope
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3210:First ascents
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Rock climbing
2841:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2749:
2746:. Patagonia.
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2569:
2567:9780956930934
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Rock climbing
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:Peter Habeler
1512:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1421:European Alps
1418:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:peu difficile
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:free climbing
1241:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1219:Chéré Couloir
1216:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:Hansjörg Auer
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1007:
1002:
990:
986:
982:
981:bivouac sacks
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
905:
904:
902:
895:
889:
884:
880:
879:Marek HoleÄek
875:
866:
864:
859:
856:
854:
850:
846:
839:
835:
834:VI, Al 6+, M8
831:
827:
823:
817:
812:
810:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
743:rock climbing
740:
732:
728:
724:
723:Kuffner Ridge
720:
716:
707:
705:
702:. The annual
701:
700:Marko Prezelj
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
589:
587:
583:
579:
578:European Alps
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:rock climbing
551:
547:
543:
542:Alpinklettern
539:
535:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
504:
502:
501:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
473:
470:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
445:
444:
440:
439:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:Self rescuing
415:
413:
410:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
385:
384:
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130:rock climbing
127:
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37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4950:Powerbocking
4945:Orienteering
4935:Fell running
4930:Extreme Pogo
4856:Speed skiing
4818:Vert skating
4742:Speed flying
4720:Hang gliding
4674:Cliff-diving
4652:BASE jumping
4606:
4590:Ice climbing
4547:Water skiing
4525:Scuba diving
4497:Water sports
4439:Wakeboarding
4412:Snowboarding
4402:Skimboarding
4392:Sandboarding
4377:Longboarding
4372:Kiteboarding
4357:Bodyboarding
4291:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4199:USA Climbing
4099:Wild Country
4094:Therm-a-Rest
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3910:The Alpinist
3908:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3789:Campus board
3744:First ascent
3488:Ice and snow
3285:Belay device
3136:Alpine clubs
3096:Ropes course
3009:Alpine style
2991:
2791:
2743:
2740:House, Steve
2721:
2702:
2683:28 September
2681:. Retrieved
2675:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2648:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2621:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:The Guardian
2593:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2553:
2547:
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2518:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2490:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2463:
2429:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2396:
2371:. Retrieved
2367:
2331:. Retrieved
2326:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2299:
2289:
2270:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2224:House, Steve
2218:
2207:. Retrieved
2193:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2165:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2137:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2109:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2081:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2053:
2027:. Retrieved
2021:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1993:
1960:
1953:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1894:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1866:
1835:. Retrieved
1828:
1804:. Retrieved
1798:
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1732:Ice climbing
1708:
1697:
1686:
1676:
1670:
1657:The Alpinist
1655:
1650:
1623:
1597:
1551:
1519:Gasherbrum I
1479:
1445:
1438:first ascent
1416:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1378:
1375:ED1/2/3/4...
1374:
1358:
1354:
1338:
1334:
1318:
1314:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1252:aid climbing
1228:
1218:
1203:
1168:Hermann Buhl
1160:bergschrunds
1057:White Spider
1055:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1015:
989:aid climbing
940:ice climbing
898:
894:Gasherbrum I
860:
857:
842:
829:
816:Alpine style
815:
805:
801:bergschrunds
789:alpine start
781:aid climbing
778:
758:lead climber
755:
747:ice climbing
736:
722:
704:Piolets d'Or
696:Paul Ramsden
676:Hermann Buhl
652:enchainments
625:
591:
590:
582:alpine style
581:
558:ice climbing
533:
532:
455:First ascent
357:Roof hacking
347:Rock hopping
263:Alpine style
240:
53:
52:north face,
4955:Slacklining
4737:Parasailing
4725:Paragliding
4684:Tombstoning
4530:Cave diving
4515:High diving
4505:Coasteering
4454:Motorsports
4444:Windsurfing
4417:Snowskating
4362:Dirtsurfing
4344:Boardsports
4293:WikiProject
4129:Alpine Club
4124:Access Fund
4034:Lowe Alpine
4029:La Sportiva
3766:Fall factor
3659:Self-arrest
3635:Redpointing
3558:Snow anchor
3312:Boulder mat
3261:Daisy chain
3231:Terminology
3222:Terminology
3101:Rooftopping
3043:Hillwalking
3031:Dry-tooling
2997:Via ferrata
2910:Traditional
2888:Competition
2869:Multi-pitch
2852:Disciplines
2560:: 397â399.
1666:Torre Egger
1640:Piolet d'Or
1628:enchainment
1606:Piolet d'Or
1487:1977â1978.
1453:1938â1949.
1242:grades for
1158:(including
1054:The deadly
977:portaledges
886: [
849:fixed ropes
731:Mont Maudit
710:Description
692:Mick Fowler
570:multi-pitch
405:Redpointing
381:Key actions
352:Rooftopping
303:Other types
292:Hillwalking
280:Dry-tooling
251:Via ferrata
191:Traditional
169:Competition
150:Multi-pitch
119:Terminology
4980:Categories
4965:Zip-lining
4846:Freeriding
4768:BMX racing
4710:Air racing
4705:Aerobatics
4636:Skyrunning
4542:Snorkeling
4520:Jet Skiing
4510:Freediving
4482:Rally raid
4472:Rallycross
4407:Skysurfing
3917:El Capitan
3681:Traversing
3630:Onsighting
3610:Glissading
3593:DĂŒlfersitz
3588:Australian
3551:Transeiver
3496:Alpenstock
3429:Portaledge
3417:Copperhead
3356:Descenders
3290:Auto belay
3081:Commercial
3061:Buildering
3038:Scrambling
2948:Rock types
2939:Top roping
2876:Bouldering
2519:UKClimbing
2209:2021-11-30
1748:References
1688:North Face
1591:Ueli Steck
1561:Doug Scott
1544:Changabang
1540:Joe Tasker
1446:1938 Route
1425:See also:
1413:Milestones
1407:abominable
1309: IV.
1246:, and the
1182:Joe Tasker
1118:death zone
1102:Doug Scott
1074:David Lama
975:, such as
952:ice screws
826:Ueli Steck
688:Ueli Steck
684:Doug Scott
621:rope teams
432:Techniques
427:Traversing
332:Commercial
312:Buildering
287:Scrambling
220:Top roping
157:Bouldering
4879:Bobsleigh
4657:Free BASE
4580:Canyoning
4467:Motocross
4069:Patagonia
3952:Companies
3938:Hard Grit
3931:Free Solo
3799:MoonBoard
3794:Hangboard
3780:Training
3729:Guidebook
3704:Ape index
3669:Rope team
3583:Abseiling
3528:Ice screw
3434:Quickdraw
3317:Carabiner
3239:Equipment
3217:Technique
3183:Equipment
3066:Canyoning
3004:Himalayan
2932:Rope solo
2922:Free solo
2601:4 January
2573:1 January
2204:0362-4331
1681:Meru Peak
1636:Patagonia
1613:Patagonia
1602:Annapurna
1578:Jeff Lowe
1504:Himalayas
1476:Petit Dru
1403:inférieur
1395:supérieur
1339:difficile
1156:crevasses
1140:Toni Kurz
1070:Avalanche
985:haul bags
869:Equipment
770:rope team
609:frostbite
592:Alpinists
560:, and/or
441:Key terms
390:Abseiling
317:Canyoning
258:Himalayan
229:Types of
213:Rope solo
203:Free solo
128:Types of
90:Equipment
4894:Skeleton
4871:Sledding
4785:Downhill
4572:Climbing
4487:Snocross
4477:Rallying
4462:Drifting
4269:Category
4116:National
4014:JanSport
3989:Five Ten
3864:Desnivel
3857:Climbing
3836:Alpinist
3761:Exposure
3739:Chipping
3686:Tyrolean
3676:Spotting
3647:Crevasse
3625:Flashing
3615:Jumaring
3600:Belaying
3563:Snowshoe
3521:Ice tool
3511:Crampons
3361:Figure-8
3273:Ascender
3141:Climbers
2881:Highball
2864:Big wall
2829:Climbing
2742:(2014).
2655:12 April
2623:Alpinist
2405:53358088
2145:25 April
2117:25 April
1995:Climbing
1928:12 April
1868:Climbing
1800:Climbing
1721:See also
1569:The Orge
1377: :
1256:WI-grade
1236:American
1152:cornices
1148:Glaciers
1114:Altitude
1040:couloirs
1036:Rockfall
956:crampons
948:ice axes
838:Les Drus
797:glaciers
739:big wall
664:The Ogre
634:âof the
597:couloirs
574:big wall
550:climbing
412:Jumaring
395:Belaying
162:Highball
145:Big wall
73:Climbers
32:Climbing
24:a series
22:Part of
4796:Rolling
4756:Cycling
4715:Gliding
4645:Falling
4427:Surfing
4281:Commons
4235:(UIMLA)
4229:(UIAGM)
3620:Leading
3537:Rescue
3516:Ice axe
3466:Camalot
3400:Lanyard
3383:Skyhook
3368:Harness
3339:Dynamic
3322:Maillon
3295:Glasses
3176:Everest
3167:Deaths
3086:Parkour
2677:Outside
2301:Outside
2055:Outside
2023:El Pais
1647:In film
1582:Latok I
1493:Trilogy
1260:M-grade
1248:A-grade
1195:Grading
1098:Latok I
1094:Abseils
969:pitches
793:bivouac
785:abseils
762:belayed
613:abseils
586:sherpas
400:Leading
337:Parkour
48:on the
4915:Caving
4903:Others
4834:Skiing
4698:Flying
4257:Portal
4223:(UIAA)
4217:(IFSC)
4049:Millet
4039:Mammut
4004:Grivel
3974:Deuter
3892:Summit
3776:Guides
3771:Grades
3642:Rescue
3576:Action
3478:Tricam
3444:Grigri
3390:Hammer
3344:Static
3300:Gloves
3268:Anchor
3188:Brands
2992:Alpine
2794:(2023)
2784:(2016)
2774:(2001)
2750:
2728:
2709:
2564:
2427:. 2013
2403:
2277:
2202:
1771:10 May
1594:soloed
1589:2013.
1509:1975.
1466:1955.
1287:facile
1232:French
1164:seracs
1106:Ogre I
1084:, and
983:, and
959:route.
954:, and
920:pitons
811:).
749:, and
698:, and
619:or as
568:(e.g.
566:routes
538:German
450:Anchor
241:Alpine
4074:Petzl
4024:Kelty
3814:Media
3749:Pitch
3714:Clean
3697:Other
3546:RECCO
3473:Shoes
3461:SLCDs
3456:Sling
3424:Piton
3373:Hooks
3351:Chalk
3278:Croll
3256:Aider
3193:Knots
3129:Lists
3111:Slide
3076:Grass
3071:Crane
3054:Other
3026:Mixed
2955:Crack
2905:Sport
2893:Speed
2836:Types
2629:4 May
2544:(PDF)
2524:5 May
2498:6 May
2470:4 May
2431:1 May
2401:S2CID
2373:4 May
2333:4 May
2307:4 May
2237:4 May
2173:4 May
2089:5 May
2062:4 May
2029:5 May
2001:4 May
1955:5 May
1902:4 May
1874:6 May
1837:4 May
1806:4 May
1715:Eiger
1634:, in
1620:solos
1442:Eiger
1238:, or
1126:edema
1062:Eiger
1006:serac
996:Risks
916:bolts
890:]
660:Latok
605:edema
492:Pitch
487:Guide
477:Route
472:Grade
367:Slide
327:Grass
322:Crane
246:Mixed
186:Sport
174:Speed
95:Knots
64:Lists
50:Eiger
4889:Luge
3964:CAMP
3754:Topo
3724:Beta
3652:Self
3449:Revo
3439:SLDs
3378:Fifi
3334:Cord
3307:Bolt
3248:Rock
3116:Tree
3091:Pole
2970:Slab
2965:Roof
2960:Face
2917:Solo
2900:Free
2748:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2707:ISBN
2685:2023
2657:2024
2631:2023
2603:2023
2575:2014
2562:ISBN
2526:2023
2500:2023
2472:2023
2433:2023
2375:2023
2335:2023
2309:2023
2275:ISBN
2239:2023
2200:ISSN
2175:2023
2147:2023
2119:2023
2091:2023
2064:2023
2031:2023
2003:2023
1957:2023
1930:2024
1904:2023
1876:2023
1839:2023
1808:2023
1773:2023
1672:Meru
1622:the
1563:and
1538:and
1513:and
1472:solo
1401:for
1393:for
1250:for
1240:UIAA
1180:and
1150:and
1124:and
881:and
845:solo
799:and
682:and
646:and
632:solo
482:Beta
465:FFFA
372:Tree
362:Rope
342:Pole
198:Solo
181:Free
4763:BMX
4084:REI
4079:Rab
3412:Nut
3405:PAC
3395:Hex
3021:Ice
2859:Aid
2554:118
1679:on
1399:Inf
1391:Sup
1122:AMS
942:or
918:or
729:),
721:on
572:or
460:FFA
275:Ice
140:Aid
4982::
2790:,
2780:,
2770:,
2674:.
2647:.
2620:.
2592:.
2556:.
2552:.
2546:.
2517:.
2489:.
2462:.
2441:^
2421:.
2383:^
2366:.
2343:^
2325:.
2298:.
2247:^
2230:.
2198:.
2192:.
2164:.
2136:.
2108:.
2080:.
2052:.
2039:^
2020:.
1992:.
1968:^
1959:.
1946:.
1920:.
1893:.
1865:.
1847:^
1827:.
1816:^
1797:.
1781:^
1763:.
1383:6c
1367:6c
1363:6a
1357::
1355:TD
1347:5c
1343:5a
1337::
1327:4c
1323:4a
1317::
1315:AD
1307:3c
1303:3a
1297::
1295:PD
1285::
1234:,
1225:.
1080:,
1076:,
1008:,
979:,
950:,
888:cs
745:,
694:,
690:,
678:,
670:,
662:,
658:,
642:,
607:,
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2734:.
2715:.
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2633:.
2605:.
2577:.
2528:.
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2474:.
2435:.
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2337:.
2311:.
2283:.
2241:.
2212:.
2177:.
2149:.
2121:.
2093:.
2066:.
2033:.
2005:.
1932:.
1906:.
1878:.
1841:.
1810:.
1775:.
1529:.
1461:.
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1210:.
1184:.
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