175:. The pretender-imam was therefore able to keep up the struggle, although Yemen was too split along tribal and religious lines to launch a unified resistance. A concerted attack against the Turkish positions was launched in the summer of 1884, where al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din strove to subjugate the well-watered regions to the north-west of San'a. He extended his control to the areas around
87:
occupiers of the country. His period saw a tribal embryo of a state taking form in the highlands of Yemen, which would be strengthened by his successors as imams, and eventually usher into the expulsion of the
Ottoman Turks in the early 20th century.
200:
who visited Yemen in 1884 summarized the situation at that time, and described al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din as a leader of fanatics. At the time of his visit the area controlled by the Turks was restricted to a line between
187:
For a time, the
Ottoman governor Izzet Pasha (1882–1884) was able to bring strong pressure on the imam. Izzet assumed control over as-Sudah and chased the imam from the strong fortress Shaharah, which was the key to
282:(in Arabic). The line of descent is al-Mu'ayyad Yahya - Muhammad - Abdallah - Ali - Ibrahim - Muhammad - Abdallah - Ali - Muhammad - al-Hasan - Ahmad - al-Hasan - Abd ar-Rahman - Muhammad - al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din.
233:
were hostile to the
Ottoman rule, as was the land to the east and north of San'a. Al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din finally died in Sa'dah in 1890, and was buried in Jabal Ahnun. In July in the same year the
144:
to act as judges and administrators in the nearby tribal areas. A fortress was constructed near the city, which became the seat of the imam's government. In Zaidi
132:
and religious scholars. He was elevated to the imamate with the name al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din. He vowed to continue the struggle and moved to the city
124:
refused to submit. He tried to resist the
Turkish troops with limited success until his death in 1878. After him, Sharaf ad-Din performed the
450:
445:
179:
and Zafir in the highlands. The
Turkish troops besieged Zafir for seven months before the imam's followers withdrew.
455:
412:
238:
153:
430:
260:
392:
121:
279:
96:
Sharaf ad-Din bin
Muhammad bin Abd ar-Rahman was a 14th-generation descendant of a medieval
440:
435:
101:
8:
120:
in 1872 and brought an end to the old Zaidi state which had existed since 1597. The Imam
156:(1853–1890). However, competition between the rivals was confined to verbal arguments.
164:
Turkish legislation by this time was influenced by
European models. These so-called
255:
152:
family that usually provided the imams. He had at least one rival for the imamate,
128:(summoning, bid for authority) in Jabal Ahnun which was known as a stronghold for
402:
250:
145:
113:
84:
424:
214:
197:
222:
36:
293:
Guerilla war, counterinsurgency, and state formation in
Ottoman Yemen
218:
189:
168:
reforms were considered heretic by the locals of the Zaidi branch of
133:
73:
202:
169:
165:
137:
125:
117:
337:
The Sultan's Yemen; Nineteenth-Century
Challenges to Ottoman Rule
210:
193:
149:
112:, and received a thorough education in the Islamic sciences. The
76:
226:
206:
176:
148:, his name is sometimes ignored since he did not belong to the
129:
105:
32:
399:
234:
230:
172:
141:
80:
280:
http://www.hamidaddin.net/ftree/Zain13_AlHadiSharafaddin.htm
109:
97:
241:
as their new imam, continuing the anti-Turkish struggle.
140:. In Sa'dah he reinforced religious laws and encouraged
83:
in the years 1878–1890, acting in opposition to the
295:, PhD Thesis, Ohio State University 2003, p. 213-5.
91:
422:
182:
381:Yemen; The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic
72:(1820 – June 8, 1890) was a claimant for the
159:
108:while his Yemeni parents performed the
423:
217:, Rada, Qa'tabah and the land between
13:
373:
14:
467:
304:R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock,
413:Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din
306:San'a'; An Arabian Islamic City
239:Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din
366:Caesar E. Farah, pp. 158, 164.
360:
351:
342:
329:
320:
311:
298:
285:
273:
92:Accession as resistance leader
1:
266:
261:Decline of the Ottoman Empire
237:appointed his brother-in-law
183:Setbacks and further struggle
348:Caesar E. Farah, pp. 105-06.
7:
244:
10:
472:
451:19th-century Yemeni people
104:(d. 1346). He was born in
409:
397:
389:
59:
51:
43:
25:
18:
446:19th-century Arab people
291:Vincent Steven Wilhite,
456:Ottoman period in Yemen
393:al-Mutawakkil al-Muhsin
122:al-Mutawakkil al-Muhsin
339:. London 2002, p. 104.
225:. The highland tribes
357:Wilhite 2003, p. 213.
326:Wilhite 2003, p. 216.
317:Wilhite 2003, p. 214.
308:. London 1983, p. 92.
160:The rebellion of 1884
70:Al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din
20:Al-Hadi Sharaf ad-Din
431:Zaydi imams of Yemen
379:Robert W. Stookey,
192:in the north. The
154:al-Mansur Muhammad
419:
418:
410:Succeeded by
335:Caesar E. Farah,
102:al-Mu'ayyad Yahya
67:
66:
463:
407:1878–1890
390:Preceded by
387:
386:
367:
364:
358:
355:
349:
346:
340:
333:
327:
324:
318:
315:
309:
302:
296:
289:
283:
277:
256:History of Yemen
209:, together with
55:Islamic sciences
16:
15:
471:
470:
466:
465:
464:
462:
461:
460:
421:
420:
415:
406:
395:
383:. Boulder 1978.
376:
374:Further reading
371:
370:
365:
361:
356:
352:
347:
343:
334:
330:
325:
321:
316:
312:
303:
299:
290:
286:
278:
274:
269:
247:
185:
162:
94:
39:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
469:
459:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
417:
416:
411:
408:
396:
391:
385:
384:
375:
372:
369:
368:
359:
350:
341:
328:
319:
310:
297:
284:
271:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
251:Imams of Yemen
246:
243:
184:
181:
161:
158:
146:historiography
93:
90:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
468:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
426:
414:
405:
404:
403:Imam of Yemen
401:
394:
388:
382:
378:
377:
363:
354:
345:
338:
332:
323:
314:
307:
301:
294:
288:
281:
276:
272:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
198:Eduard Glaser
195:
191:
180:
178:
174:
171:
167:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:Ottoman Turks
111:
107:
103:
99:
89:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
28:
24:
17:
398:
380:
362:
353:
344:
336:
331:
322:
313:
305:
300:
292:
287:
275:
186:
163:
95:
69:
68:
47:June 8, 1890
37:Saudi Arabia
441:1890 deaths
436:1820 births
425:Categories
267:References
196:traveller
60:Occupation
213:, San'a,
136:north of
116:occupied
52:Education
245:See also
203:Luhayyah
166:Tanzimat
63:Claimant
150:Qasimid
130:Sayyids
85:Ottoman
77:imamate
227:Hashid
219:Ta'izz
215:Dhamar
207:Hajjah
194:German
190:Sa'dah
177:Hajjah
134:Sa'dah
106:Jeddah
33:Jeddah
400:Zaydi
235:ulema
231:Bakil
223:Mocha
211:Amran
173:Islam
170:Shi'a
142:qadis
138:San'a
126:da'wa
118:San'a
81:Yemen
74:Zaidi
229:and
221:and
205:and
110:hajj
98:imam
44:Died
29:1820
26:Born
79:of
427::
100:,
35:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.