448:, who concentrated only on the country's glorious past, Glaser observed and documented everything he saw in Yemen. He carried out research on the topography, the geology and geography, prepared cartographic maps, took astronomical notes and collected data on meteorology, climate and economic trade, as well as on the nation's crafts. He collected information on Yemen's current social and political structure, analysed the origin of power of the tribal leadership, the relationship between certain tribes and the Turkish government or between the tribes and the Imam. Moreover, he studied and analysed the different judicial methods practised by the tribes, the Imam and that of the Ottomans in Yemen.
395:
560:. Hommel's eulogy was: "Oh scientists, your knight has fallen! The one who regarded science as a sacred goal has fallen! He was the noble, the hero amongst scholars! In the science book of Munich, his name would be markedly missing!" Prof. Lichtenstädter's eulogy over Glaser's grave contained the words: "The greatest and the best of all has left us". His tombstone was inscribed in Musnad with the name "Husayn bin Abd Allah", which is the name he used when he was in Yemen.
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expenditures of his last trip, as also to generate funds for his future journey to Yemen. Glaser's collections enriched
European archives and museums in London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna. The compensation, however, did not amount to much. Although it had covered his expenses, what money remained was not sufficient to finance his future travels. Despite these difficulties, he regarded his research a sacred mission that had to be continued.
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207:. Even though his position in the observatory gave him a sense of financial security, he preferred to resign from that post in 1880 – wishing instead to dedicate the remainder of his life to the study of South Arabia's ancient history (Dostal 1990, p. 17). When it became clear to him that his mission would be delayed on account of technical and personal problems, he resorted to his "French connections." A scholarship from the
433:. Yazeed Pasha supported Glaser, both in his procurement of supplies and equipment, as well as with financial aid. Their relationship was a give-and-take relationship. With the assistance of the Turkish army, he could realize his scientific plans and endeavours. He was able to travel throughout many inaccessible areas which were restricted unto foreigners and, thereby, he was able to copy down hundreds of inscriptions, both, in
20:
53:. He contributed to the advancement of historical and cultural research, revealed its ancient history and documented its written and oral traditions. Yemen fascinated him, incited his imagination, beginning with his first visit to the country (1882-1884). He returned there on three other occasions (1885-1886, 1887-1888, and 1892-1894). In Yemen, Glaser disguised himself as a Muslim with the assumed name of
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conducted in Yemen, a suitable academic position was denied him and he remained an outsider in the academic circles of
Austria, Germany and France. It was not surprising, therefore, that he was brought to deprivation of all basic needs as a result of that isolation, and was forced to find support by his brothers, sisters-in-law and friends.
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study of South Arabia and
Sabaean language studies at European universities. From 1961 to 1981, the Austrian Academy of Science published 14 volumes from Glaser's collection. Unto this very day, many scholars are still busy working on Glaser's collection, and deciphering the inscriptions that he copied down.
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was published a second time by Dostal, after Adolph
Grohmann decoded the script. In the 1960s, Glaser's astronomical notes were published by Andre Gingrich (University of Vienna). Höfner and Dostal, who promoted the publication of Glaser's works and findings, contributed to a renewed interest in the
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Although Glaser viewed positively the reforms that were initiated by the Turks, touching upon almost every aspect of daily life in Yemen, including the lessening of restrictions formerly placed upon the Jews, he expressed more than once in his diary a certain criticism of the
Turkish army and their
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In Vienna, Glaser successfully concluded his studies in Arabic and enrolled thereafter in an astronomy class. From 1877 Glaser, served as an assistant in the observatory in Vienna for a period of three years. An important turning point in his academic education came in 1880, when Glaser enrolled in
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At the present time only about half of Glaser's inscriptions have been published, and only a small portion of his diaries (now at the
National Library in Vienna) and his scientific findings have been studied. Presumably, one of the reasons for this delay is that they were written in short-hand. An
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history and its language propelled him to examine the connexions between
Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia) and Yemen in ancient times. Glaser's profound interest in the political and commercial ties of peoples stretching from Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean gave him a sense of identifying with past
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also has some of his acquisitions. Yet, in spite of his skills in Arabic, his vast knowledge of
Sabaean script and the great treasure-trove of inscriptions that he brought to Europe, including the manuscripts and the ethnographic material that he amassed, as also the data on the field-research he
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From 1895, until his death, Glaser lived in Munich. He dedicated most of his time preparing his scientific material for publications. The
Turkish government was interested in Glaser's comments on Arabia, even many years after he had left the region, while in 1907 Glaser was asked by the museum in
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was published by D.H. Müller and
Rodokanakis. Maria Höfner (Graz and Tübingen), began to study and publish Glaser's inscriptions in 1944. W. Dostal (University of Vienna) studied and published Glaser's ethnographic data taken from his diaries. Dostal also published sections on Glaser's trip to
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During his second journey to Yemen, he developed a new strategy. He proposed to give to the museums and archives certain items from his collections of manuscripts, diaries and imprints of the Sabaean inscriptions, including his ethnographic material, in order to "pay back" the investment and
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In addition to his knowledge of Latin, Greek and most of the major European languages, Glaser showed himself proficient in both classical and colloquial Arabic, and knew also many of its dialects. His natural inquisitiveness led him to analyse the historical processes and relevant cultural
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Glaser's friendly relationship with the local governor, Hussein of Marib, helped him to make the research in the area of Marib. Glaser was the first to teach Yemenite natives the Sabaean script. While touring the area with the sons of the local governor, he discovered nearly one hundred
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area (ancient Sheba), to show thereby that the Sultan was interested in contributing to the scientific research of Yemen. He proposed to reconstruct a dam at Marib with the aim of increasing the number of inhabitants in the east, as also the intent of strengthening the
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in Paris enabled him to travel to Yemen in 1882. The condition of his French sponsors was that they would receive the results of his findings, especially the inscriptions that he had been so fortunate to have copied down. On 11 October 1882, he arrived at the port of
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before he could receive a permit enabling him to travel in Yemen, the French doubted whether he would ever deliver the promised inscriptions, and, so, eventually, they cut off their financial support to him in 1883. During this most troubling time, he wrote to
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awarded Glaser in 1890 with the title of honorary doctor, and his name was included in the lexicon of German scientists. Glaser was also honoured as a member of the Academy of Geographical Sciences in Munich. He was also honoured with a Royal Turkish
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Glaser suffered from heart ailments and respiratory problems, until he died in Munich on 7 May 1908 of an asthma attack; he is buried in that city’s Old Jewish Cemetery (Alter Jüdischer Friedhof). his eulogists at his funeral were the professors,
230:, describing the importance of his mission and mentioning his financial hardships. The Kaiser allotted him out of his own personal fund the humble sum of 800 dollars. Despite such a gift, Glaser was compelled to shorten his stay in Yemen.
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Already during his lifetime, Glaser was recognised as a great explorer of South Arabia, and, especially, as a collector and decoder of Sabaean inscriptions. In 1887 he sold a number of South Arabian inscriptions to the
294:. Glaser's collections contributed much in preserving Vienna's reputation as fore-runner in the study of South Arabia. In 1922 in Vienna, the German-Czech scholar Adolf Grohmann published a comprehensive work entitled
203:, the founder of South Arabian studies in Austria. Müller suggested to him that he travel to Yemen, offering him a stipend that was to be provided by the Academy of Sciences of Vienna for the purpose of copying down
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Upon his return from his third trip to Yemen in 1889, Glaser suggested to the Foreign Ministry of Austria to either occupy or buy from the Ottoman Turks a place which he identified as being the biblical site of
425:'s presence in Yemen. Both sides benefited from his closeness to the military and administrative power in the Ottoman controlled regions. Disguised as a Turkish official, Glaser accompanied the governor
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at the age of sixteen. In order to earn his livelihood, he began working as a private tutor in the home of an aristocratic family while, at the same time, he studied mathematics at the
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Jemen : im Land der Königin von Saba ; Museum für Völkerkunde Wien 16.12.1989 - 10.6.1990 ; eine Ausstellung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung
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impression is used in making copies of bas-relief) of Sabaean inscriptions, 17 volumes of diaries and 24 manuscripts. The Sabaean inscriptions were deciphered by
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purchased Glaser's manuscripts for the Prussian library in Berlin. The stones with the Sabaean inscriptions and the sculptures were a donation by the publisher
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in Africa in the last quarter of the 19th century inspired within him a similar drive and ambition to set out on a journey in quest of ancient cultures.
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187:, along with physics, astronomy, geology, geography, geodesy and Arabic which he accomplished in 1875. Certain publications concerning the journeys of
381:. He also hoped to identify the geographical names mentioned in the Bible. Glaser was an expert in the Sabaean scripts. Furthermore, his knowledge of
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Glaser's tenure in Yemen was marked by Ottoman occupation, a period plagued also by wars between the invading Turkish army and the forces of
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After his death Müller made sure that a great portion of Glaser's scientific legacy would be purchased by the Academy of Sciences in Vienna (
377:– a land that he saw as the ideal place for finding basic similarities between the rites of the indigenous peoples and those of the ancient
298:(South Arabia as an economic area), in which he draws principally from the comments left by Eduard Glaser during his tours in South Arabia.
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inscriptions. His topographic-geographic description of the route to Marib is regarded unto this day as his most important contribution.
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Of the travellers to the Orient in the 19th century, Eduard Glaser is considered the most important scholar to have studied
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Glaser was personally acquainted with five Turkish governors of Yemen. He advised the Turks to encourage research into the
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Zwei inschriften über den Dammbruch von Mârib. Ein Beitrag zur geschichte Arabiens im 5. u. 6. Jahrhundert n. Chr
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589:"Von Ḥodeida nach Ṣan'â vom 24. April bis 1. Mai 1885. Aus dem Tagebuch des Forschungsreisenden Eduard Glaser"
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1189:""Wüstenwanderer" gegen "Wolkenpolitiker" – Die Pressefehde zwischen Eduard Glaser und Theodor Herzl"
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1146:(in German). München: J.G. Cotta: Reprint from the supplement to the "Allgemeine Zeitung", no. 291.
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Die arabischen Handschriften der Sammlung Glaser in der königl. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek zu München
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Eduard Glaser: Forschungen im Yemen: Eine quellenkritische Untersuchung in ethnologischer Sicht
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258:(SEG), 1944–1961. A small portion of Eduard Glaser's manuscript collection was purchased by
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https://www.academia.edu/28230460/Eduard_Glaser_From_Bohemia_through_Yemen_to_Austria
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Elisabeth Monamy, ‘Eduard Glaser - From Bohemia through Yemen to Austria’ (2016) (
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The Yemenites – History, Communal Organization, Spiritual Life (Selected Studies)
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Glaser, Eduard (1913). Müller, David Heinrich; Rhodokanakis, Nikolaus (eds.).
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38:. He collected thousands of inscriptions in Yemen that are today held by the
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1037:(in German). Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
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1172:(in German). Wien: Böhlaus: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
1127:(in German). Wien: Böhlaus: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
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Sâliḥ ibn Aḥmed was a Yemeni who served Glaser during his Journey to Yemen
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Eduard Glaser historische Ergebnisse aus seinem südarabischen Inschriften
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Arabia Felix : an exploration of the archaeological history of Yemen
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Die Abessinier in Arabien und Afrika, auf Grund neüntdeckter Inschriften
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Arabist and archaeologist. He was one of the first Europeans to explore
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Eduard Glasers Inschriften aus dem Gebiet zwischen Mârib und den Gôf
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in Philadelphia in 1923 (later becoming part of the archives of the
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Ancient South Arabia through History: Kingdoms, Tribes, and Traders
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influences, eventually giving him the tools needed to investigate
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to help in cataloguing their collection of Sabaean inscriptions.
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1090:. translated by Rebecca Thompson. London: Stacey International.
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on 15 March 1855, into a Jewish merchant family. He moved to
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had made a similar proposal twenty years earlier to acquire
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https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG62242
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for Glaser, which the former had transliterated in the
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752:, editor: Menahem Ben-Sasson, Jerusalem 1983, p. 170.
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Suwâʿ und al-ʿUzzâ und die altjemenischen Inschriften
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441:arrogance in dealing with the Yemenite population.
95:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1118:(in German). München: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.
264:Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies
1170:Zur Geschichte und Landeskunde von Alt-Südarabien
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1056:(in German). Wien: Museum für Völkerkunde Wien.
1153:"Eduard Glasers Forschungsreisen in Südarabien"
1193:Anzeiger der Philosophisch-historischen Klasse
1075:Jahrbuch für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur
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429:in his battles in the districts of Hashid and
1123:Höfner, Maria (1961). Solá Solé, J.M. (ed.).
1007:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 84.
1001:Hatke, George; Ruzicka, Ronald (2019-04-25).
386:civilisations; a feeling of shared affinity.
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646:Österreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient
221:Since Glaser had to wait for many months in
55:Faqih Hussein bin Abdallah el Biraki Essajah
1305:Czech Technical University in Prague alumni
340:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
210:Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres
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459:
250:). The collection is known by the name of
678:(in German). München: Lukaschik in Komm.
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360:Learn how and when to remove this message
155:Learn how and when to remove this message
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610:(in German). München: H. Lukaschik.
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30:(15 March 1855 – 7 May 1908) was an
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1163:(2). Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs: 1–32.
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1069:Lichtenstädter, Siegfried (1909).
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659:Punt und die südarabischen Reiche
661:(in German). Berlin: W. Peiser.
627:(in German). Berlin: W. Peiser.
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296:Südarabien als Wirtschaftsgebiet
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1086:Maigret, Alessandro de (2002).
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693:Eduard Glasers Reise nach Mârib
517:and Arhab. Glaser's journey to
80:needs additional citations for
16:19th-century German orientalist
1168:Wissmann, Hermann von (1964).
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695:(in German). Wien: A. Hölder.
167:Eduard Glaser was born in the
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407:Muhammad b. Yahya Hamid a-Din
274:" copying method, in which a
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1052:Janata, Alfred, ed. (1989).
508:account of Glaser's trip to
409:(died in 1894) and his son,
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1270:University of Vienna alumni
888:For a brief biography, see
248:Akademie der Wissenschaften
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1285:People from Louny District
1260:19th-century Austrian Jews
1187:Rohrbacher, Peter (2006).
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199:'s class for the study of
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593:Petermann's Mitteilungen
576:Petermann's Mitteilungen
551:Siegfried Lichtenstädter
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527:University of Greifswald
286:for easy comprehension.
40:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1033:Dostal, Walter (1990).
674:Glaser, Eduard (1905).
657:Glaser, Eduard (1899).
640:Glaser, Eduard (1897).
623:Glaser, Eduard (1897).
604:Glaser, Eduard (1895).
587:Glaser, Eduard (1886).
570:Glaser, Eduard (1884).
460:Second Journey to Yemen
1280:German Bohemian people
1142:Hommel, Fritz (1889).
903:, pp. 64, 65, 79.
867:, p. 35, note 47.
480:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
469:Third Journey to Yemen
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284:Hebrew-Assyrian script
256:Sammlung Eduard Glaser
252:Der Corpus Glaserianum
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1290:Jewish archaeologists
1265:Austrian orientalists
1114:Gratzl, Emil (1916).
915:, pp. 5, 61–126.
564:Selected publications
413:(assassinated 1948).
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197:David Heinrich Müller
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1250:Archaeology of Yemen
1211:Glaser's collections
1151:Weber, Otto (1909).
771:, pp. 168, 171.
642:"Der Damm von Mârib"
334:improve this section
228:Kaiser Franz Josef I
205:Sabaean inscriptions
89:improve this article
1295:Jewish orientalists
1245:Explorers of Arabia
991:, pp. 135–178.
989:Lichtenstädter 1909
952:Lichtenstädter 1909
769:Lichtenstädter 1909
746:Shelomo Dov Goitein
722:Lichtenstädter 1909
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1014:978-1-5275-3370-7
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87:Please help
82:verification
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36:South Arabia
27:
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1235:1908 deaths
1230:1855 births
964:Janata 1989
940:Dostal 1990
913:Dostal 1990
901:Janata 1989
877:Janata 1989
865:Dostal 1990
853:Janata 1989
841:Dostal 1990
817:Dostal 1990
805:Dostal 1990
793:Janata 1989
781:Janata 1989
734:Dostal 1990
554: [
276:paper-mâché
189:Livingstone
181:Polytechnic
171:village of
46:, Austria.
1219:Categories
709:References
499:, and the
454:Qatabanian
383:Abyssinian
379:Israelites
115:newspapers
61:Background
536:) medal.
321:does not
302:Education
218:(Yemen).
1062:27397691
684:42936456
667:22414260
633:22423304
350:May 2022
169:Bohemian
145:May 2022
32:Austrian
1026:Sources
701:6885116
616:6885795
484:Socotra
444:Unlike
342:removed
327:sources
272:squeeze
266:at the
216:Hodeida
129:scholar
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490:Legacy
435:Sabaic
223:Sana'a
185:Prague
177:Prague
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44:Vienna
558:]
540:Death
519:Marib
510:Marib
476:Ophir
431:Arhab
418:Marib
375:Yemen
136:JSTOR
122:books
51:Yemen
1174:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1058:OCLC
1039:ISBN
1009:ISBN
754:ISBN
697:OCLC
680:OCLC
663:OCLC
629:OCLC
612:OCLC
549:and
525:The
325:any
323:cite
108:news
1197:141
336:by
254:or
183:in
91:by
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