40:. An affirmation has exactly the same legal effect as an oath but is usually taken to avoid the religious implications of an oath; it is thus legally binding but not considered a religious oath. Some religious adherents hold beliefs that allow them to make legally binding promises but forbid them to swear an oath before a deity. Additionally, an individual may decline to take a religious oath due to their personal beliefs or those of their audience. In some jurisdictions, an affirmation may be given only if a reason is provided.
56:(An Act that the Solemne Affirmation & Declaration of the People called Quakers shall be accepted instead of an Oath in the usual Forme; 7 & 8 Will. 3 c. 34) was passed. The text of the affirmation was the following: "I A.B. do declare in the Presence of Almighty God the Witnesse of the Truth of what I say". The right to give an affirmation is now embodied in the
165:, affirmed the oath upon his March 4, 1853 inauguration, though his reasons for doing so are unclear. Some historians attribute Pierce's choice to his strong religious beliefs, while others postulate that Pierce interpreted the recent violent death of Pierce's young son as a punishment for his own sins.
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Ambros
Galloway. Brayn pleaded "not guilty". One witness testified that the horse was owned by Ambros Galloway, and another witness said that he bought it from Brayn. As Galloway was a Quaker, he would not, "for conscience-sake", swear and so could give no testimony. The court directed the jury to
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All elected members of parliament must make an oath or affirmation to the Crown before they can take their seats. MPs are asked which form they prefer to take with the statement "Swear or Affirm", meaning swear an oath or make an affirmation. The oath or affirmation must be made in
English, after
60:, c.19, which prescribes the following form: "I, do solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm" and then proceed with the words of the oath prescribed by law, omitting any words of imprecation or calling to witness.
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find Brayn "not guilty" for want of evidence and committed the Quaker "as a concealer of Felony" for "refusing an Oath to
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and so they consider the act of swearing to speak the truth only in court rather than in everyday life to imply double standards. As in
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History Online, the Institute of Historical Research and the History of Parliament Trust. Accessed 19 February 2008)
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to swear any oath. This would otherwise have barred them from many public positions. Quakers believe in
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Some
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Though U.S. presidents are free to either swear or affirm the inaugural
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must take a special oath or affirmation to convene as a tribunal for
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82:(1678). William Brayn was charged with the theft of a horse from
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246:"William Brayn, Theft > animal theft, 11th December 1678"
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makes three references to an "oath or affirmation": In
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Oath of office of the president of the United States
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48:A right to give an affirmation has existed in
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