610:
520:
45:
1961:
400:
703:
690:, Isfandyadh is known to have said that: "If you kill me all of Adurbadagan rise in avenging my blood, and will wage war against you." The Arab general accepted Isfandyadh's advice and made peace with him. However, Bahram, the brother of Isfandyadh, refused to submit to the Arab forces and kept resisting them. Although he was quickly defeated by the Arabs, and was forced to flee from Adurbadagan. Adurbadagan thus came under Arab suzerainty.
1707:
496:, possibly a testimonial to the Sasanian conquest of Adurbadagan. The nobility of Adurbadagan most likely allied themselves the Sasanians due to a desire for a strong state capable of maintaining order. The priesthood, who may have felt alienated by the easy-going Arsacids, probably also supported the Sasanian family, due to its association with
362:, and Warthan (Vardanakert), which he considered the northmost point of Adurbadagan. The southern extent of the province was at the city of Sisar. Maragha was the main city of the western part, while Ardabil was the main city in the eastern part. The Middle Persian geography text
516:. As a result, Adurbadagan had been since the advent of the Sasanians fortified into a military bastion, and then religious one. However, in 241/2, Shapur I had to mount an expedition in Adurbadagan to quell unrest. After that, the province seemingly became completely subdued.
609:
511:
prevented
Ardashir I from conquering Armenia (or least all of it). Although Armenia was finally conquered by Shapur I in 252, the country would continue to prove problematic for the Sasanians, even more it converted to
659:
may report some form of contemporary memory of the destruction of the temple; "They will remove Adur
Gushnasp from its place . . . on account of (the devastation of) these armies, Adur Gushnasp will be carried to
682:
and Bahram. Isfandyadh made a stand against the Arabs, where a battle was fought. He was, however, defeated and captured by the Arabs. While
Isfandyadh was in captivity, he told the Arab general
447:) was "the turning point in Arsacid history, in that the dynasty lost much of its prestige." The people of Adurbadagan (both nobility and peasantry) allied themselves with the Persian
1208:
1996:
637:
rebelled (precise date unknown, 590/1–596 or 594/5–600), and managed to gain control of some parts of
Adurbadagan. He was, however, defeated by Khosrow II and the Sasanian general
166:
141:
1991:
598:
of
Adurbadagan and its namesake province were often incorrectly seen as being the same in sources. The province of Adurbadagan, along with provinces such as
368:
mentions a major city in
Adurbadagan named "Shahrestan i Adurbadagan", which may have been another name for Ardabil. The capital of the province was Ganzak.
653:. The Iranians succeeded in saving the fire, which they later restored to the temple, which was quickly rebuilt. The apocalyptical Middle Persian text
387:
were incorporated into
Adurbadagan. The northern extent of Adurbadagan was enlarged in 571 with the inclusion of the Armenian district of Sisanak (
503:
The events that occurred during the early
Sasanian period increased the importance of Adurbadagan. While the Parthian Empire fell in Iran, their
1735:
429:
from the 1st-century AD. During the late
Parthian era, the empire was declining, resulting in the weakening of hold over western Iran. The
364:
2001:
642:
425:
the area of
Adurbadagan had been ruled by local dynasties, initially by Atropates and his descendants, and a branch of the Parthian
2006:
1766:
1670:
1601:
1556:
1526:
1372:
1299:
1272:
1224:
1194:
603:
473:). In 226, Adurbadagan submitted with little resistance to Ardashir I after he had defeated and killed Artabanus IV at the
1622:
1342:
1577:
1472:
1245:
1411:
Ghodrat-Dizaji, Mehrdad (2010). "Ādurbādagān during the Late Sasanian Period: A Study in Administrative Geography".
1728:
1614:
The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
1382:
Ghodrat-Dizaji, Mehrdad (2007). "Administrative Geography of the Early Sasanian Period: The Case of Ādurbādagān".
633:'s forces and the rebel forces of Bahram Chobin. However, not long after the battle, Khosrow II's maternal uncle
1960:
2016:
1612:
508:
376:
234:
686:, that if he sought to conquer Adurbadagan easily and peacefully, he should make peace with him. According to
1844:
749:). With the incorporation of Armenian districts in 428 and 527, Adurbadagan also had an Armenian population.
233:"), it functioned as an important frontier (and later religious) region against the neighbouring country of
1925:
388:
2011:
1721:
1593:
Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
2021:
1849:
1808:
504:
372:
1945:
1885:
671:
92:
1900:
1681:
1632:
Shahinyan, Arsen (2016). "Northern Territories of the Sasanian Atropatene and the Arab Azerbaijan".
1915:
1828:
1536:
713:
1802:
463:
737:
The majority of the population in Adurbadagan were Western-Iranian ethnic groups who practised
1283:
298:
While Middle Persian texts are vague and incomprehensible about the geography of Adurbadagan,
1587:
1235:
379:
was abolished and the country was made a Sasanian province in 428, the Armenian districts of
746:
675:
519:
474:
1440:
Ghodrat-Dizaji, Mehrdad (2011). "Disintegration of Sasanian Hegemony over Northern Iran".
8:
2026:
683:
626:
1540:
359:
1510:
1428:
1399:
655:
638:
315:
220:
159:
96:
1706:
1935:
1859:
1666:
1618:
1597:
1573:
1552:
1522:
1468:
1432:
1403:
1368:
1356:
1352:
1338:
1295:
1268:
1241:
1220:
1190:
283:
275:
260:
208:
44:
1464:
King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE)
765:
Historians generally acknowledge that Armenia was conquered in 252 by the Sasanians.
1823:
1776:
1713:
1693:
1641:
1572:. New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge (Taylor & Francis).
1497:
1449:
1424:
1420:
1395:
1391:
1182:
614:
1654:
1833:
1745:
1658:
1591:
1567:
1544:
1514:
1462:
1360:
1332:
1287:
1260:
1212:
448:
216:
31:
1256:
594:
was substituted with the name of Adurbadagan. Due to sharing the same name, the
1950:
1910:
1890:
1796:
1309:
738:
661:
565:
497:
433:
307:
256:
200:
1645:
1985:
1698:
1501:
1461:
Gregoratti, Leonardo (2017). "The Arsacid Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.).
646:
618:
1453:
399:
513:
380:
339:
815:
1854:
489:
437:
430:
299:
1682:"The Zoroastrian Temple Cult of Fire in Archaeology and Literature (II)"
1663:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XII/5: Homosexuality III–Human migration II
779:
702:
1870:
1838:
1771:
1204:
687:
679:
630:
452:
404:
384:
184:
146:
306:
texts are more clear. According to the 9th-century Persian geographer
1786:
1781:
1756:
1665:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 462–464.
1569:
The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)
1551:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 180–182.
1521:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 221–224.
1367:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 205–215.
1267:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 289–290.
1219:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 475–476.
742:
650:
550:
271:
1060:
1940:
1880:
1818:
1813:
1519:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/2: Awāʾel al-maqālāt–Azerbaijan IV
1484:
1365:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/2: Awāʾel al-maqālāt–Azerbaijan IV
1294:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 17–18.
478:
426:
408:
343:
331:
230:
1314:
951:
949:
1920:
1905:
634:
574:) in charge of each district. The frontier regions were known as
570:
539:
524:
462:) during his wars against Vologases V's son and second successor
319:
311:
225:
970:
968:
966:
964:
1930:
1895:
1875:
1864:
1485:"The Genealogy of Artabanos II (AD 8/9–39/40), King of Parthia"
1026:
1024:
987:
985:
983:
946:
493:
412:
355:
347:
335:
323:
303:
267:
241:
57:
1125:
1123:
827:
1791:
961:
668:
599:
351:
1159:
1036:
1021:
980:
922:
1549:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IV/2: Behruz–Bibliographies II
1135:
1120:
1048:
997:
878:
839:
803:
327:
188:
1292:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/1: Ātaš–Awāʾel al-Maqālāt
868:
866:
1467:. UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236.
1413:
Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
1384:
Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
1997:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
1108:
890:
863:
851:
1147:
1009:
934:
560:) the empire was divided into four frontier regions (
1743:
1237:
Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
1483:
1313:
1217:Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/5: Adat–Afghanistan
791:
310:, the following cities were part of the province;
49:Map of Adurbadagan and its surroundings in 488–572
1983:
590:(North). Due to negative connotations, the term
1566:Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002).
1334:Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
1265:Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume X/3: Fruit–Gāvbāzī
266:, which is derived from the name of the former
1992:States and territories established in the 220s
1439:
1410:
1381:
1042:
1030:
991:
955:
928:
845:
833:
809:
436:argues that the reign of the Parthian monarch
1729:
649:was sacked in 623/4 by the Byzantine emperor
1586:
1565:
1141:
1129:
1066:
1315:"Ardashir and the Sasanians' Rise to Power"
1736:
1722:
1508:
1460:
1351:
974:
916:
912:
43:
1697:
1631:
1490:Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
1189:. New York: Basic Books. pp. 1–368.
1165:
896:
884:
872:
821:
785:
219:, almost corresponded to the present-day
1679:
1652:
1535:
1481:
1320:Anabasis: Studia Classical et Orientalia
1281:
1181:
1086:
1054:
1015:
1003:
908:
608:
518:
398:
1330:
1308:
1153:
940:
693:
1984:
1717:
1511:"Azerbaijan iii. Pre-Islamic History"
1254:
1233:
1203:
1187:A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind
1114:
1102:
1098:
1082:
1078:
857:
215:) was a northwestern province in the
1610:
1596:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
1326:. University of California: 236–255.
1240:. Psychology Press. pp. 1–252.
797:
697:
606:were part of the northern quarter.
13:
1971:* indicates short living provinces
477:. Ardashir I and his son and heir
14:
2038:
824:, p. 198 (see also note 15).
643:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
2002:Provinces of the Sasanian Empire
1959:
1705:
788:, pp. 191–192 (see note 1).
701:
629:took place near Ganzak, between
240:The capital of the province was
164:
139:
1092:
1072:
902:
759:
555:
544:
529:
483:
468:
457:
442:
16:Province of the Sasanian Empire
1425:10.1080/05786967.2010.11864774
1396:10.1080/05786967.2007.11864720
1337:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240.
674:, which was the domain of the
568:), with a military commander (
1:
772:
732:
419:
274:(Āturpāt). It is attested in
2007:History of Azerbaijan (Iran)
1692:. Tokyo University: 67–104.
1482:Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2014).
549:) and his son and successor
547: 488–496, 498–531
532: 488–496, 498–531
293:
247:
7:
1653:Shayegan, M. Rahim (2004).
10:
2043:
1809:Garamig ud Nodardashiragan
1175:
394:
1968:
1957:
1752:
1680:Yamamoto, Yumiko (1981).
1646:10.1163/1573384X-20160203
1611:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
1357:"Azerbaijan i. Geography"
180:
118:
114:
110:
106:
89:
79:
75:
67:
63:
53:
42:
37:
29:
21:
1699:10.5356/orient1960.17.67
1502:10.5604/20842937.1134333
1331:Daryaee, Touraj (2014).
1282:Chaumont, M. L. (1987).
1069:, pp. 132–133, 135.
752:
1803:Eran-Khwarrah-Yazdegerd
1509:Schippmann, K. (1987).
1454:10.2143/IA.46.0.2084424
745:(including its dialect
365:Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr
205:Ādurbādagān/Āδarbāyagān
1588:Pourshariati, Parvaneh
710:This section is empty.
622:
535:
415:
318:, Balwankirgh, Barza,
2017:651 disestablishments
1634:Iran and the Caucasus
645:, the fire temple of
612:
522:
402:
1255:Boyce, Mary (2000).
1234:Boyce, Mary (1984).
1101:, pp. 475–476;
1081:, pp. 475–476;
694:Religious importance
617:, where the fire of
488:) are depicted in a
475:Battle of Hormozdgan
1537:Shahbazi, A. Shapur
1168:, pp. 198–199.
1117:, pp. 475–476.
1057:, pp. 180–182.
1043:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2010
1031:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2010
1006:, pp. 462–464.
992:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2007
977:, pp. 221–224.
956:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2007
929:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2007
887:, pp. 194–195.
860:, pp. 289–290.
846:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2010
834:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2010
810:Ghodrat-Dizaji 2010
684:Bukayr ibn Abdallah
672:invaded Adurbadagan
627:Battle of Blarathon
625:In August 591, the
81:• Established
2012:224 establishments
919:, pp. 221–224
656:Zand-i Wahman yasn
639:Smbat IV Bagratuni
623:
536:
416:
221:Iranian Azerbaijan
160:Rashidun Caliphate
97:Rashidun Caliphate
2022:History of Talysh
1977:
1976:
1744:Provinces of the
1672:978-0-933273-79-5
1603:978-1-84511-645-3
1558:978-0-71009-125-3
1541:"Besṭām o Bendōy"
1528:978-0-71009-114-7
1374:978-0-71009-114-7
1301:978-0-71009-113-0
1274:978-0-933273-47-4
1226:978-0-71009-094-2
1196:978-0-465-00888-9
1183:Axworthy, Michael
1142:Pourshariati 2008
1130:Pourshariati 2008
1067:Pourshariati 2008
958:, pp. 87–88.
836:, pp. 75–76.
730:
729:
604:Caucasian Albania
194:
193:
176:
175:
172:
171:
152:
151:
2034:
1972:
1963:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1676:
1659:Yarshater, Ehsan
1649:
1628:
1607:
1583:
1562:
1545:Yarshater, Ehsan
1532:
1515:Yarshater, Ehsan
1505:
1487:
1478:
1457:
1436:
1407:
1378:
1361:Yarshater, Ehsan
1348:
1327:
1317:
1305:
1288:Yarshater, Ehsan
1278:
1261:Yarshater, Ehsan
1251:
1230:
1213:Yarshater, Ehsan
1200:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
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989:
978:
972:
959:
953:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
766:
763:
725:
722:
712:You can help by
705:
698:
615:Takht-e Soleyman
559:
557:
548:
546:
533:
531:
487:
485:
472:
470:
461:
459:
446:
444:
424:
421:
342:, Shapurkhwast,
259:spelling of the
223:. Governed by a
168:
167:
156:
155:
143:
142:
136:
135:
120:
119:
47:
30:Province of the
19:
18:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1955:
1901:Nodardashiragan
1748:
1746:Sasanian Empire
1742:
1704:
1673:
1625:
1604:
1580:
1559:
1529:
1475:
1442:Iranica Antiqua
1375:
1345:
1310:Daryaee, Touraj
1302:
1275:
1248:
1227:
1197:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1097:
1093:
1085:, p. 142;
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
981:
975:Schippmann 1987
973:
962:
954:
947:
939:
935:
927:
923:
917:Schippmann 1987
915:, p. 138;
913:Gregoratti 2017
907:
903:
895:
891:
883:
879:
871:
864:
856:
852:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
775:
770:
769:
764:
760:
755:
735:
726:
720:
717:
696:
554:
543:
528:
505:collateral line
482:
467:
456:
441:
422:
403:Rock relief of
397:
296:
250:
217:Sasanian Empire
165:
140:
99:
82:
48:
32:Sasanian Empire
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Padishkhwargar
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
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1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1677:
1671:
1650:
1640:(2): 191–203.
1629:
1624:978-1472425522
1623:
1608:
1602:
1584:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1533:
1527:
1506:
1479:
1473:
1458:
1437:
1408:
1379:
1373:
1353:de Planhol, X.
1349:
1344:978-0857716668
1343:
1328:
1306:
1300:
1279:
1273:
1252:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1209:"Ādur Gušnasp"
1201:
1195:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:Shahinyan 2016
1158:
1156:, p. 101.
1146:
1144:, p. 279.
1134:
1132:, p. 278.
1119:
1107:
1091:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1020:
1008:
996:
979:
960:
945:
943:, p. 249.
933:
921:
911:, p. 96;
901:
899:, p. 196.
897:Shahinyan 2016
889:
885:Shahinyan 2016
877:
875:, p. 194.
873:Shahinyan 2016
862:
850:
838:
826:
822:Shahinyan 2016
814:
802:
800:, p. 131.
790:
786:Shahinyan 2016
777:
776:
774:
771:
768:
767:
757:
756:
754:
751:
739:Zoroastrianism
734:
731:
728:
727:
708:
706:
695:
692:
662:Padishkhwargar
566:Middle Persian
558: 531–579
498:Zoroastrianism
486: 240–270
471: 216–224
460: 224–242
445: 191–208
434:Touraj Daryaee
396:
393:
308:Ibn Khordadbeh
295:
292:
257:Middle Persian
249:
246:
201:Middle Persian
192:
191:
182:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
162:
153:
150:
149:
144:
132:
131:
126:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:Late Antiquity
69:
68:Historical era
65:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
40:
39:
35:
34:
27:
26:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2039:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
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1909:
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1807:
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1768:
1765:
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1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
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1635:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:. Routledge.
1616:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1579:0-415-14687-9
1575:
1571:
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1564:
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1554:
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1534:
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1503:
1499:
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1486:
1480:
1476:
1474:9780692864401
1470:
1466:
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1459:
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1438:
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1316:
1311:
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1303:
1297:
1293:
1289:
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1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1247:9780415239028
1243:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1105:, p. 142
1104:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1087:Yamamoto 1981
1084:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1055:Shahbazi 1989
1051:
1045:, p. 71.
1044:
1039:
1033:, p. 70.
1032:
1027:
1025:
1018:, p. 60.
1017:
1016:Axworthy 2008
1012:
1005:
1004:Shayegan 2004
1000:
994:, p. 88.
993:
988:
986:
984:
976:
971:
969:
967:
965:
957:
952:
950:
942:
937:
931:, p. 87.
930:
925:
918:
914:
910:
909:Olbrycht 2014
905:
898:
893:
886:
881:
874:
869:
867:
859:
854:
848:, p. 76.
847:
842:
835:
830:
823:
818:
812:, p. 75.
811:
806:
799:
794:
787:
782:
778:
762:
758:
750:
748:
744:
740:
724:
721:December 2015
715:
711:
707:
704:
700:
699:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:
665:
663:
658:
657:
652:
648:
647:Adur Gushnasp
644:
641:. During the
640:
636:
632:
628:
620:
619:Adur Gushnasp
616:
613:The ruins of
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
552:
541:
526:
521:
517:
515:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
480:
476:
465:
454:
450:
439:
435:
432:
428:
423: 323 BC
414:
410:
406:
401:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:, Ghabrawan,
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:of the area,
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
245:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
190:
186:
183:
181:Today part of
179:
163:
161:
158:
157:
154:
148:
145:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
88:
84:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
33:
28:
20:
1979:
1761:
1689:
1685:
1662:
1637:
1633:
1613:
1592:
1568:
1548:
1518:
1496:(3): 92–97.
1493:
1489:
1463:
1445:
1441:
1419:(1): 69–80.
1416:
1412:
1390:(1): 87–93.
1387:
1383:
1364:
1333:
1323:
1319:
1291:
1264:
1236:
1216:
1186:
1161:
1154:Daryaee 2014
1149:
1137:
1110:
1094:
1089:, p. 75
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1011:
999:
941:Daryaee 2010
936:
924:
904:
892:
880:
853:
841:
829:
817:
805:
793:
781:
761:
741:, and spoke
736:
718:
714:adding to it
709:
667:In 651, the
666:
654:
624:
595:
591:
587:
586:(South) and
583:
579:
575:
569:
561:
537:
514:Christianity
502:
464:Artabanus IV
417:
370:
363:
330:, Kulsarah,
297:
287:
279:
263:
252:
251:
239:
224:
212:
204:
196:
195:
129:Succeeded by
128:
123:
1855:Kushanshahr
1762:Adurbadagan
1655:"Hormozd I"
1448:: 153–302.
1284:"Atropates"
676:Ispahbudhan
621:was stored.
490:rock relief
438:Vologases V
431:Iranologist
300:New Persian
280:Adarbadagan
264:Āturpātākān
253:Ādurbādagān
213:Āturpātākān
197:Adurbadagan
124:Preceded by
24:Adurbadagan
22:Ādurbādagān
2027:Atropatene
1986:Categories
1871:Machelonia
1839:Kadagistan
1772:Arbayistan
1115:Boyce 1983
1103:Boyce 1984
1099:Boyce 1983
1083:Boyce 1984
1079:Boyce 1983
858:Boyce 2000
773:References
733:Population
680:Isfandyadh
631:Khosrow II
453:Ardashir I
405:Ardashir I
385:Paytakaran
381:Parskahayk
288:Atrpatakan
185:Azerbaijan
147:Atropatene
1845:Khuzistan
1787:Balasagan
1782:Asoristan
1757:Abarshahr
1433:163839498
1404:133088896
1205:Boyce, M.
798:Rapp 2014
678:brothers
651:Heraclius
551:Khosrow I
375:house of
371:When the
350:, Nariz,
294:Geography
272:Atropates
248:Etymology
1941:Suristan
1926:Sakastan
1860:Khwarazm
1814:Garmekan
1792:Dihistan
1590:(2008).
1539:(1989).
1355:(1987).
1312:(2010).
1257:"Ganzak"
1207:(1983).
1185:(2008).
582:(West),
580:xwarārān
578:(East),
576:xwarāsān
523:Coin of
479:Shapur I
449:Sasanian
427:Arsacids
409:Shapur I
348:T'awrezh
284:Armenian
276:Georgian
261:Parthian
231:margrave
209:Parthian
1921:Parthia
1906:Paradan
1876:Makuran
1777:Armenia
1767:Albania
1661:(ed.).
1547:(ed.).
1517:(ed.).
1363:(ed.).
1290:(ed.).
1263:(ed.).
1215:(ed.).
1176:Sources
688:Bal'ami
635:Vistahm
592:abāxtar
588:abāxtar
571:spahbed
540:Kavad I
525:Kavad I
509:Armenia
451:prince
395:History
377:Armenia
373:Arsacid
332:Maragha
320:Barzand
316:Bagavan
312:Ardabil
282:and in
255:is the
235:Armenia
226:marzban
95:by the
93:Annexed
91:•
54:Capital
38:226–651
1936:Spahan
1931:Sogdia
1896:Meshan
1865:Lazica
1850:Kirman
1834:Iberia
1819:Gurgan
1686:Orient
1669:
1621:
1600:
1576:
1555:
1525:
1471:
1431:
1402:
1371:
1341:
1298:
1271:
1244:
1223:
1193:
743:Adhari
584:nēmrōz
538:Under
494:Salmas
418:Since
413:Salmas
389:Siwnik
356:Salmas
336:Marand
324:Ganzak
304:Arabic
268:satrap
242:Ganzak
58:Ganzak
1951:Yemen
1946:Turan
1891:Media
1886:Mazun
1824:Harev
1797:Egypt
1657:. In
1543:. In
1513:. In
1429:S2CID
1400:S2CID
1359:. In
1286:. In
1259:. In
1211:. In
753:Notes
669:Arabs
600:Gilan
492:near
411:near
352:Urmia
344:Sisar
340:Muqan
1916:Pars
1881:Marw
1829:Hind
1667:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1191:ISBN
747:Tati
602:and
596:kust
562:kust
407:and
383:and
360:Shiz
328:Khuy
302:and
189:Iran
1694:doi
1642:doi
1498:doi
1450:doi
1421:doi
1392:doi
716:.
664:."
564:in
507:in
391:).
286:as
278:as
102:651
85:226
1988::
1690:17
1688:.
1684:.
1638:20
1636:.
1494:15
1492:.
1488:.
1446:46
1444:.
1427:.
1417:48
1415:.
1398:.
1388:45
1386:.
1322:.
1318:.
1122:^
1023:^
982:^
963:^
948:^
865:^
556:r.
545:r.
530:r.
500:.
484:r.
469:r.
458:r.
443:r.
420:c.
358:,
354:,
346:,
338:,
334:,
326:,
314:,
290:.
244:.
237:.
229:("
211::
207:,
203::
187:,
1867:*
1841:*
1805:*
1799:*
1737:e
1730:t
1723:v
1702:.
1696::
1675:.
1648:.
1644::
1627:.
1606:.
1582:.
1561:.
1531:.
1504:.
1500::
1477:.
1456:.
1452::
1435:.
1423::
1406:.
1394::
1377:.
1347:.
1324:1
1304:.
1277:.
1250:.
1229:.
1199:.
723:)
719:(
553:(
542:(
534:)
527:(
481:(
466:(
455:(
440:(
199:(
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