Adolf Galland - Knowledge

670:, Germany was denied an air force. They were however allowed gliders, which became the way for aspiring pilots to begin their flight training. The sport became so popular that the Reichswehr set up ten schools, at least one in each of the seven military districts of Germany. The military also published a magazine, Flugsport (Flight Sport), to encourage an interest in aviation and began a series of glider competitions around the country. Galland had learned the basic laws of flight and flying technique on paper, but found they did not always work in reality; his inexperience caused a few accidents. One of his tutors, Georg Ismer, taught him various techniques and in 1929 the 17-year-old Galland passed his A certificate. This was one of three certificates he needed for his professional license. When he eventually attained his B and C certificates, his father promised to buy him his own glider if he also passed his matriculations examinations, which he succeeded in doing. Galland became an outstanding glider pilot; he became an instructor before he had passed his 41: 2254: 2124: 1181: 1758: 2027: 2406: 1881: 1649:

tactics that mixed the bomb-laden Bf 109s with the fighter escort in an effort to deceive the enemy and confound their intercept plans. This tactic slowed down the fighter-bomber losses, but the pilots still felt as though they were being wasted. Galland's leadership still made several errors; Galland did not capitalise on training opportunities to improve the bombing accuracy of his pilots; he did not discipline those pilots who were prone to jettison their bombs early; he only participated as an escort, violating his own dictum of not asking the men to do something that he would not, while failing to convey to his men these missions were worthy of his attention. Galland's decision was even more difficult to understand given his service as a ground attack pilot.

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for the fighter-bomber mission. Galland, who was pushing for a major increase in his fighter force, did not appear to recognise the threat in the west at that time either. In January, he wrongly predicted that the main weight of the air war in 1943 would be the Mediterranean. The large fighter forces sent to Africa and Italy received support from Galland. Galland remarked in February 1943, that the fighter force had solved the problem of fighting four-engine bombers by day. Galland's confidence was misplaced; his airmen had not yet faced the hundreds of American bombers to fly over Germany in 1943, nor the thousands that joined the fight in 1944. Months later, Galland became one of the strongest advocates for more resources for Defence of the Reich duties.

2100:(ETO) came under increasing pressure and Galland's relationship with Göring began to turn sour. The first distinct cracks began to appear in the spring of 1943. Galland suggested that the fighter forces defending Germany should limit the number of interceptions flown to allow sufficient time for re-grouping and to conserve air strength. Only by conserving its strength and its precious resources—the fighter pilots—could the Luftwaffe hope to inflict damage on the bombers. Göring found the suggestion unacceptable. He demanded every raid be countered in maximum strength regardless of the size of the Allied fighter escort. According to head of production and procurement Erhard Milch, who was also present at the meeting, "Göring just could not grasp it". 1522:. During the meeting, Göring insisted that, in combat, Bf 109 fighters escort Bf 110s, which could not survive against single-engine fighters. As high-scoring aces, both Galland and Mölders shared their concerns that close escort of Bf 110s and bombers robbed fighter pilots of their freedom to roam and engage the enemy on their own terms. They also pointed to the fact that German bombers flew at medium altitudes and low speed, the best height area and speed for the manoeuvrability of the Spitfire. Galland resented his pilots having to carry out a task unsuited to their equipment but Göring would not move from his position. Galland claimed that fighting spirit was also affected when his pilots were tasked with close-escort missions: 1847:, France. Bader was well known to the Luftwaffe and at the time of his capture had been credited with 22 aerial victories. Galland himself claimed two Spitfires on that date. Galland and JG 26 entertained Bader over the next few days. Owing to the significant stature of the prisoner, Galland permitted Bader, under escort, to sit in the cockpit of a Bf 109. Apparently, despite having lost one of his tin legs in the aircraft, Bader, in a semi-serious way, asked if they wouldn't mind if he took it on a test flight around the airfield. Galland replied that he feared Douglas would attempt to escape and they would have to give chase and shoot at each other again, and declined the request. 1586: 189: 177: 2146:, a favourite of Hitler's, had caused heavy losses. Galland argued such measures were deplorable and irresponsible. Göring disregarded Galland's arguments and continued his frequent attacks on the fighter force, accusing them of cowardice. Galland, as he always did, defended them, risking his career and, near the end of the war, his life in doing so. Galland stated that he could not agree to follow Göring's plans and requested to be dismissed from his post and sent back to his unit. Göring accepted, but two weeks later he apologised to Galland and attributed his behaviour to stress. Galland continued in his post. 2120:

reasoned the only possible reason could have been that short range fighters ran out of fuel at high altitude and "they were shot down much further west... and glided quite a distance before they crashed." Galland questioned why an Allied pilot would choose to glide east instead of west. Both men also argued that they must increase fighter production to reach a three or fourfold advantage over the attackers immediately to prepare for this new threat. Göring even at this time, was biased in favour of bombers, to maintain the offensive on all fronts. It was a policy he persisted with until the autumn, 1943.

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murder, Herr Reichsmarschall', I told him, 'I should do everything in my power to disobey such an order'. 'That is just the reply I had expected from you, Galland.'" Galland later stated that he thought Göring may have been asking him this question so as to have an answer if the question was ever posed to him, as opposed to the implication that Göring would be in favour of such an action. In practice, this act of mercy was usually not applied. German airmen in parachutes were lost as prisoners of war, but British airmen could live to fight again and were considered combatants.

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end of September, Galland noticed that "the stamina of the superbly trained and experienced original was down to a point where operational efficiency was being impaired." Several factors contributed to this situation; Göring's interference with tactics without regard for the situation or the capabilities of German aircraft; rapid adaptation to German tactics by the British; the poorer quality replacement pilots to JG 26. This situation led to a conflict between the two significant psychological needs of the fighter pilots: confidence in their aircraft and tactics.

3037: 2540:. Hitler, who liked Galland, learned of the revolt and ordered that "all this nonsense" was to stop immediately. Hitler had been informed by Albert Speer, who in turn had been notified by one of Galland's close friends. After Hitler's intervention Göring contacted Galland and invited him to Karinhall. In light of his service to the fighter arm, he promised no further action would be taken against him and offered command of a unit of Me 262 jets. Galland accepted on the understanding that Gollob had no jurisdiction over him or his unit. 2438:). It called for the mass interception of USAAF bomber formations by approximately 2,000 German fighters. Galland hoped that the German fighters would shoot down some 400–500 bombers. Acceptable losses were to be around 400 fighters and 100–150 pilots. Galland's staff could muster 3,700 aircraft of all types by 12 November 1944, with 2,500 retained for this specific operation. The night fighter force was to assist by employing 100 aircraft in southern and northern Germany, to prevent any crippled bombers making it to 383: 130: 2142:. During the conversation the need for new and improved interceptor aircraft arose. Göring, demanded heavily cannon-armed fighters be used en masse. Göring, prompted by the desires of Hitler, wanted cannons of some 900 kilograms (2,000 lb) in weight. Galland explained that such a weapon could not be used effectively in an aircraft; the cannon would be prone to jamming and the aircraft would be too difficult to manoeuvre. Galland also asserted the use of inappropriate weaponry such as the 201: 2058:

the Allied air forces acting with impunity. Göring threatened to have one pilot from each unit stand trial by court martial, and if improvements were not forthcoming, they were to be sent as infantry to the Eastern Front. The commanders on the ground, recognising the true situation, disregarded the threat and the message. Specifically, Göring ordered pilots returning without claims and undamaged aircraft suffer court martial for cowardice. The threat was aimed at

1469:. In a brief dogfight, one Spitfire was shot down. During these battles the RAF seemed to know just where and when to send their aircraft. This made Galland suspect a high level of organisation was at work controlling RAF fighters. The cloudy skies of Britain were a dangerous environment to confront an enemy that had an effective ground control system. Galland resolved to fly higher, where he could see most things and where the Bf 109 performed at its best. 1473: 156: 2845:. Galland, mindful that it was a contemporary of the Me 262, commented that it was a fine aircraft. He claimed that if he could have fitted the Meteor engines to the Me 262 airframe he would have had the best fighter in the world. Galland continued training, lecturing and consulting for the FAA until 1955. During his later years in Argentina Galland returned to Europe to test fly new aircraft. While there, he teamed up with 9248: 749: 2987:, in which the character Major Falke is based on Galland. Galland was upset about the director's decision not to use the real names. While making the film, Galland was joined by his friend Robert Stanford Tuck. Galland also threatened to withdraw at a planned sequence involving him giving a Nazi salute to Göring. Tuck also wrote into the producers, urging them to reconsider; at one point Galland brought his lawyer to 9191: 2593:(USAAF) bombing raids during the Defence of the Reich. Galland was keen to familiarise himself with all types of German fighter aircraft and flew the Fw 190 on these interception missions. He actively engaged American bombers on some raids. On at least one mission, he shot down a USAAF heavy bomber. It is possible that as many as three USAAF heavy bombers were shot down by Galland while he was flying Fw 190s. 7847: 7910: 2289:(9th Air Corps), wanted to use the aircraft as a weapon against a future Allied landing in France. Peltz saw the aircraft as an ideal fast bomber which could evade the overwhelming numbers of Allied piston-engine fighters and attack the landing grounds. Peltz also wished to use highly trained bomber pilots who he felt could better serve as home defence fighter pilots in place of the overextended and overworked 9231: 858:, but the investigators dropped the charges. Galland, however, was grounded. He admitted having fragments of glass in his eye, but convinced the doctors he was fit for flying duty. Galland was ordered to undergo eye tests to validate his claims. Before the testing could begin, one of his brothers managed to acquire the charts. Adolf memorised the charts passing the test and was permitted to fly again. 2506:". Galland's high standing with his fighter pilot peers led to a group of the most decorated Luftwaffe combat leaders loyal to Galland (including Johannes Steinhoff and Günther Lützow) confronting Göring with a list of demands for the survival of their service. Göring initially suspected Galland had instigated the unrest. Heinrich Himmler had wanted to put Galland on trial for treason himself; the 1686:. Although only approximately two fighter wings remained in the west for the next year and a half, many of the best fighter crews remained in that theatre. Similarly, the best equipment went to the west; industry supplied the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 to the western theatre first. Small in numbers (no more than 180 aircraft), the western fighter forces were among the best in the Luftwaffe. 2352:. Göring forced the program along, the hour was desperate and all designs were to be explored. Galland was concerned about dispersing production effort further but apparently changed his mind after viewing a mockup on 7 October 1944 and the seeing the prototype fly in December. He demanded wooden mockups be made for ground instruction while three percent were to serve as trainers. 2202:

unrelenting pressure for the duration of the war. There was no hope of a recovery for Germany's daylight fighter forces under Galland's command and the Allied air forces were close to winning air superiority over all of Europe. A conference between Galland and Göring in mid-May 1944 underlined how enemy air operations were devastating the fighter force. Galland reported that

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the introduction of new weapons, such as heavily armed Fw 190s, to engage of destroy Allied bombers through the use of massed and formation-based attack tactics at close range. He also passed on Göring's dissatisfaction with wing and squadron commanders that did not press their attacks in this manner. For the first time, Göring ordered his units, through Galland, to use

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been correct. He enquired about the progress of his unit with outspoken civility. As they parted, Göring said, "I envy you Galland, for going into action. I wish I were a few years younger and less bulky. If I were, I would gladly put myself under your command. It would be marvelous to have nothing to worry about but a good fight, like it was in the old days."

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earlier that week, when the armour plate was installed, he severely berated his mechanic, Gerhard Meyer, who welded it in, when he hit his head on the canopy upon entering his aircraft. That same mechanic received "a grateful slap on the back". Galland had been shot up and shot down twice in the space of four days. The Blenheim brought his tally to 70.

1777:. It took his tally to 63. From this point on, the RAF mounted a non-stop offensive with Fighter Command over France. The Germans did not see the point in these operations and soon labeled it the "nonsense offensive." Galland intended to engage the British and inflict maximum damage while incurring small losses. To do this he only engaged JG 26 in 2692:. Galland added a suggestion that all experienced fighter pilots flying with Bf 109 or Fw 190 units should be made to join the Me 262 unit. If this could be done Galland believed he could get 150 jets in action against the USAAF fleets. The general chaos and impending collapse prevented his plans from being realised. 3028:, Alabama, USA. On 16 October, he was reunited with two Merkel shotguns stolen by American soldiers after his capture in 1945. Galland had located them before and had tried to buy them back, only to be turned down, as they would be worth more after his death. Towards the end of the 1980s, Galland's health began to fail. 2756:

weather and technical problems. In reality, Galland was not going to hand over Me 262 jets to the Americans. Galland had harboured the belief that the Western Alliance would soon be at war with the Soviet Union, and he wanted to join American forces and to use his unit in the coming war to free Germany from

2970:, the Association of Fighter Pilots. Through this, he came into contact with contemporaries in Britain and America. In 1961, he joined the Gerling Group of Cologne who contracted Galland to help develop their aviation business. With business going well, he bought his own aircraft on his 50th birthday in 1962, a 1617:, Galland fought an unsuccessful battle with eight Hurricanes which caused a loss of altitude to 800 metres (2,600 ft). Galland spotted two more Hurricanes below and attacked in a classic ambush style from the enemy's blind spot. His wingman claimed the other. The two fighters were from the Czechoslovak 740:(ZVS – Central Airline Pilot School). The group were interviewed by military personnel in civilian clothing. After being informed of a secret military training program being built that involved piloting high performance aircraft, all the pilots accepted an invitation to join the organisation. 1387:(Case Red). Being on the same radio frequency, Galland was able to warn Balthasar before he opened fire. The remainder of the campaign passed without incident and on 26 June, Major Gotthard Handrick took over command of JG 26. Galland was pleased, having served under him during his Condor Legion days. 1731:, France. He made a detour with his wingman towards England, looking for RAF aircraft. Off the cliffs of Dover, he spotted a group of Spitfires. Galland attacked and claimed two confirmed and one unconfirmed shot down. The actual result was the destruction of one Spitfire; the other two were damaged in 2457:

was also skeptical that the Luftwaffe could stop the American air offensive and was not willing to have German resources sit idle on airfields to wait for an improvement in flying conditions. Admittedly Galland's efforts had built up a useful reserve, but Hitler was now to use it in support of a land

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Despite Göring's apology after their previous dispute, the relationship between the two men did not improve. Göring's influence was in decline by late 1944 and he had fallen out of favour with Hitler. Göring became increasingly hostile to Galland, blaming him and the fighter pilots for the situation.

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were heavily armed and armoured, which meant they were un-manoeuvrable and vulnerable without protection from escorting Bf 109s. Still, the tactics quickly became widespread and were one of the few Luftwaffe success stories in 1944. Galland said after the war, that had it not been for the Allied

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Galland did not give up. He made repeated appeals for Me 262 fighter aircraft. Göring refused Galland's requests to have equal numbers of Me 262 fighter and bomber variants built. However, Galland's close relationship with Albert Speer, the German armaments minister, enabled him to retain a

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with fighter aircraft to industrial targets inside Germany. Galland submitted his findings to Göring. Göring was livid with Galland and the fighter force. He called the report the "rantings of a worn-out defeatist", and gave Galland an "order", that no Allied fighters had crossed into Germany. Göring

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and two new fighter wings, scheduled for Germany's defence, went south. The movement of fighters to redress Allied air superiority achieved only a rise in German losses, which reflected the superiority of Allied production. From 16 May to 9 July Allied forces flew 42,147 sorties and lost 250 aircraft

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Upon reaching the island, Galland found the state of German air forces shocking. The combat units were exhausted, short of spares, and under frequent attack—the 130 fighters on the island were the target. It was impossible to completely rebuild the squadrons. The resources available could not prevent

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converted to the type though he retained and flew Bf 109s himself. On 21 October he repeated his successes with a trio of Spitfires to reach 92. Galland's opponents were No. 611 Squadron Pilot Officers J F Reeves and N J Smith. Both men were killed, but Fighter Command reported their demise as a

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strength. The fighters were to scramble quickly, gain height and make use of the sun and cloud to attack the enemy formation that was most vulnerable. Under these tactics many JG 26 pilots began to emerge as aces and effective commanders. On 16 June 1941, for example, JG 26 accounted for 15

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The fighter-bomber mission was also a problem Galland had to deal with. Göring was committed to fitting one-third of all fighter wings to use modified Bf 109s to carry bombs. Galland accepted the mission but damaged the morale he had cultivated. Galland's response to the situation was to develop

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was raised. In another conversation with Göring, Galland recalled: "Göring wanted to know if we had ever thought about this. "Jawohl, Herr Reichsmarschall!" He looked me straight in the eyes and said, 'What would you think of an order to shoot down pilots who were bailing out?' 'I should regard it as

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During the battle, the fighter pilots were criticised by Göring for the growing bomber losses. In a front line general officer briefing on Luftwaffe tactics, Göring asked what his fighter pilots needed to win the battle. Werner Mölders replied that he would like the Bf 109 to be fitted with more

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By 15 August, in two weeks' fighting over Britain, Galland had increased his own tally to 21. On this day he claimed three Spitfires. This put him to within three victories of Mölders, who had claimed the highest number of enemy aircraft destroyed and who was wounded and grounded with a damaged knee.

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for the first time, Galland was impressed with these aircraft and their pilots. On 29 May, Galland claimed he had shot down a Bristol Blenheim over the sea. Over Dunkirk, the Luftwaffe suffered its first serious rebuff of the war. As Galland has noted, the nature and style of the air battles over the

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researcher, it is possible that the Americans suspected that Galland's rapid promotions were due to his association with Hitler rather than his merits. It is not known how American concerns reached Germany and this was the only reported time that the American government intervened to prevent someone

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bombers shot down. On 21 April, to his surprise, he was visited by Göring, which turned out to be the final time. Göring officially assigned Günther Lützow to him and confessed to Galland that his assertions about the Me 262 and the use of bomber pilots with experience as jet fighter pilots had

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Attrition by 1942 had created a shortage of experienced combat leaders. No special training was made available for this role. Galland set up a course in late 1943, but it only lasted for a few months. Galland was quoted as saying he thought they could learn the skills while on operations, as he had.

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On 23 May 1943, Galland flew an early prototype of the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. After the flight, he described his experience; "It was as though angels were pushing." Galland became an enthusiastic supporter of the aircraft, realising its potential as a fighter rather than a bomber. Galland

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The combination of declining production and attrition left Galland with a thin resource-base with which to defend Germany. While the pressure eased somewhat in November, Galland and his command faced a formidable threat. The shadow of American escort fighters and the gradual extension of their range

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Losses too were high. In the first nine days of July 1943, Galland's command lost approximately 70 fighters. On the fourteenth day he was summoned to Berlin to explain the collapse of air defences on the island. As Galland departed the last dozen operational Axis aircraft departed Sicily on 22 July.

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the critical theatre of air operations by the late summer, 1943. Neither Göring nor many of his commanders expected this development. In January 1943 Göring suggested increases in the day fighter forces, but not because of concerns over Allied aircraft production, rather the emphasis was on fighters

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Throughout the summer, Galland claimed another 14 Spitfires in battles against Fighter Command over France. On 23 July 1941, he accounted for three Spitfires (Nos. 71–73)—one in the afternoon and two in the evening. JG 26 claimed 13 enemies for three losses under Galland's command this day. Two

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and therefore unfit for flying in open-cockpit aircraft, such as the Hs 123. He tactfully suggested a transfer to a single-engine aircraft type with a closed cockpit would improve his condition. His request was accepted on medical grounds. Galland was removed from his post as a direct ground support

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The Me 262, while not a war winner, might have extended the Defence of the Reich campaign. The problems with the engines, failures of production priorities and Hitler's meddling are well known, but the long delay between operational testing, tactical and doctrinal development and training were

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The strained manpower situation in units operating in Defence of the Reich demands urgently the further bringing up of experienced flying personnel from other arms of the service, in particular for the maintenance of fighting power to the air arm, tried pilots of the ground attack and bomber units,

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Nonetheless, the arguments ultimately continued, mainly over aircraft procurement and armament for the defence of Germany from Allied bombing, and began to give rise to a growing personal rift between Göring and Galland. In November 1943 Galland issued a communique to the fighter forces, announcing

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Morale and exhaustion became a problem in September. The Luftwaffe lacked the pilots and aircraft to maintain a constant presence over Britain. To compensate, commanders demanded three to four sorties per day by the most experienced men. Galland recognised the manifest fatigue of his pilots. By the

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for achieving his 39th and 40th aerial victories. On 25 September, he was summoned to Berlin to receive the award from Adolf Hitler. Galland was granted a personal audience with Hitler and during the meeting Galland reported to Hitler that the British had proven tough opponents, and that there

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of JG 26. Major Handrick was an ineffective and indecisive combat commander by some accounts and took a passive role in leading his fighter pilots. Göring grew frustrated with the lack of aggressiveness of several of his fighter-wing commanders, and on 22 August, he replaced Handrick with

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Spitfires. The Spitfires forced the larger number of Bf 109s into a turning battle that ran down the Germans' fuel. Galland recalled being impressed by the Spitfire's ability to outmanoeuvre Bf 109s at low speed and to turn into the Bf 109s within little airspace. Only by executing a

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to extend the range of aircraft as well as the need for specialised tactics for escorting bomber fleets; Galland did not subscribe to the prevailing idea in the Luftwaffe (and RAF) that the bomber "would always get through" (alone). All of Galland's suggestions were adopted and proved successful in

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In September 1933, Galland returned to Germany and flew in some minor competitions as a glider pilot, winning some prizes. Soon afterwards he returned to the ZVS to learn instrument flying and receive training in piloting heavy transport aircraft logging another 50 hours. As a part of his training,

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and technical manuals about his experiences as a ground-attack pilot. During this period Galland served as an instructor for ground-attack units. During the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, he again flew ground attack missions. In early 1940, Galland managed to persuade his superiors to

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In early February 1996, Galland was taken seriously ill. He had wanted to die at home and so was released from hospital and returned to his own house. With his wife Heidi, son and daughter present, he was given the last rites and died at 1:15 in the morning of Friday, 9 February 1996. His body was

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to join Baroness Gisela von Donner, an earlier acquaintance, on her estate and lived with her three children. During this time, Galland found work as a forestry worker. Galland began to hunt for the family and traded at the local markets to supplement meagre meat rations. Soon Galland rediscovered

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forces to negotiate the surrender of his unit. The act itself was dangerous. SS forces roamed the countryside and towns executing anyone who was considering capitulation. The Americans requested that Galland fly his unit and Me 262s to a USAAF controlled airfield. Galland declined citing poor

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on 23 January. Although professional contemporaries, Gollob and Galland had a mutual dislike, and after Galland had removed the Austrian from his personal staff in September 1944, Gollob started to gather evidence to use against Galland, detailing false accusations of his gambling, womanising, and

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The Battle of Britain continued with large-scale dogfights well past 31 October, considered by some historians as the end of the campaign. A further eight victories—six Spitfires and two Hurricanes—were claimed in October including three on 30 October, which took his tally to 50—the last

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The worst disadvantage of this type of escort was not aerodynamic but lay in its deep contradiction of the basic function of fighter aircraft—to use speed and maneuverability to seek, find, and destroy enemy aircraft, in this case, those of Fighter Command. The were bound to the bombers and could

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or DVS (German Commercial Flying School) which was heavily subsidised by Luft Hansa. He was one of 100 successful applicants out of 4,000. After ten days of evaluations, he was among just 18 selected for flight training. Adolf was then assessed on performance. Those that did not reach the standard

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to the count von Westerholt, and beginning a family tradition. Adolf Galland (junior) was the second of four sons of Adolf Galland (senior) and his French wife Anna, née Schipper. Galland (senior) worked as the land manager or bailiff to the Count von Westerholt. Galland's older brother was Fritz

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piloted by James Finnegan. Galland nursed his crippled Me 262 to the airfield, only to find it was under attack by more P-47s. Galland landed under fire and abandoned his jet on the runway. The battle was his last operational mission. Soon afterwards, he was sent to hospital for a knee wound

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but it did not dull his appetite for offensive action or dent his reputation with Göring. Galland argued against his suggestion. Instead, Galland thought the bomber corps should be disbanded and its pilots converted onto fighters. Göring adopted Peltz' idea to impress Hitler and regain his waning

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pilots transfer to the day fighter force, that two fighter groups transfer from the eastern front as soon as possible, and that the ground attack command release all pilots with more than five aerial victories to the defence of the Reich. Finally, Galland reported that flying schools had released

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Altogether, the Germans had lost 489 pilots (100 officers), Galland reported, while training centres had forwarded only 396 new pilots (including 62 officers). Galland's proposals to meet the shortfall and attrition reflected the desperate situation. Galland urged all fighter pilots holding short

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I concluded that their new tactics had failed with high losses. The causes were "(a) the weather, (b) the considerable inferiority of German strength, (c) the impossibility of gathering sufficient strength in an area because of time and distance limitations ; result : weak and dispersed

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government, which was not on good terms with the United States, Twining asked that Tunner communicate to the German government that although the United States made it clear the appointment was entirely the choice of the Germans, they disapproved of Galland for the position of Inspektor (chief of

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The plea was desperate. By the end of March, the daylight strategic bombing offensive had put the Luftwaffe under enormous pressure. It retarded, although only for a short period, the expansion of fighter production. Importantly, it had caused devastating attrition. American air forces continued

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heading for Scotland. Galland was unable to launch a full fighter sweep. However, Hess' flight was far to the north and he reached Scotland crashing his aircraft. Galland sent out fighters to conduct some sweeps so he could honestly claim to have carried out his orders but it was nearly dark and

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mission, but he did take immediate actions to improve pilot morale. The first thing Galland did as Kommodore was to replace ineffective group and squadron commanders with younger, more aggressive, and more successful—in terms of aerial engagements—officers in the wing. He also increased the wing

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Blenheim bombers. Galland's fighter was hit by a 20 mm round from one of the bombers escort fighters. The armour plate fitted to the Bf 109 just days earlier saved Galland's life. Wounded in the head he managed to land and was again hospitalised for the second time in a few days. Just

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biplane and was in a coma for three days, other injuries were a damaged eye, fractured skull and broken nose. When Galland recovered, he was declared unfit for flying by the doctors. A friend, Major Rheital, kept the doctor's report secret to allow Adolf to continue flying. The expansion of the

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and the award of a B1 certificate allowed him to fly large aircraft over 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb) in weight. He discovered the Army accepted his application, but the flying school refused to release him. By Christmas 1932, he had logged 150 hours flying and had obtained a B2 certificate.

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The German pilots were increasingly lacking in quantity and quality. Galland recognised this but could not correct it without stepping outside his own authority. Galland noticed that the highly educated engineers and trainees were selected for the bomber arm in the early war years. Most of the

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Fighter pilots received no instrument training until very late in the war, after the training course had already been curtailed because of fuel shortages and the need to produce pilots more quickly to replace losses. Galland also did not make sure all-weather flying was incorporated into pilot

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as Special Fighter Staff Officer for the offensive. Gollob ultimately was a vociferous opponent of Galland and eventually engineered his dismissal. Whether the "Big Blow" operation would have worked is a matter of academic debate. Historians remained divided, with some believing it was a lost

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Galland innovated tactically to improve the situation and found a partial solution to Göring's irrational order to maintain close escort. He developed a flexible escort system that allowed his pilots constantly to change altitude, airspeed, direction, and distance to the bombers during these

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by supporting Gollob. It was also an opportunity for the SS to seize control of the Luftwaffe and for Himmler to oust Göring from power. Göring, for his part offered no support to Galland when Himmler or the SS were mentioned. On 13 January 1945, Galland was finally relieved of his command.

1896:, succeeding Werner Mölders who had just been killed in an air crash en route to attend the funeral of Ernst Udet. Galland was not enthusiastic about his promotion, seeing himself as a combat leader and not wanting to be "tied to a desk job". He was the youngest General in the armed forces. 1818:, but was actually pulling at his parachute release harness. With a "sickening" feeling, he composed himself and pulled the ripcord which opened. Theo Osterkamp drove over to the hospital where Galland was being treated for his wounds and informed him his 69 victories had now earned him the 1672:

found that the number of leading fighter pilots were small, but they shared special and indefinable qualities in piloting, particularly marksmanship, hunting skills and situational awareness. Corum found that during the Battle of Britain, Galland accounted for 14% of all JG 26's aerial

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as its commander. Hitler heard of the experiment through Milch and ordered Göring to put a stop to it at a meeting on 29 May 1944. Galland persisted with the experiments and ordered operations to be continued. They achieved isolated successes until Thierfelder was shot down and killed by

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at the time of their meeting. For Galland to gain experience on the Bf 109E, which he lacked, Mölders offered him the chance to join his unit. Galland learned Mölders' tactics, such as using spotter aircraft to indicate the position of enemy formation. Galland learned to allow a

1141:, that by 19 September 1939 some German air units were withdrawn from the campaign. Galland ceased combat operations on this date, having flown 87 missions. After flying nearly 360 missions in two wars and averaging two missions per day, on 13 September 1939, Galland was awarded the 659:) created an interest in flying among young Germans. Galland travelled by foot or horse-drawn wagon 30 kilometres (19 mi) to help prepare the gliders for flight until his father bought him a motorcycle. By 19 Galland was a glider pilot. In 1932 he completed pilot training at the 1550:

staff flight from Handrick's two-aircraft formation to a more lethal four-fighter formation. Galland was not content to lead from behind as his predecessor had been. Galland flew as often as possible and led the most difficult missions in order to encourage his men and gain respect.

1582:

powerful engines. Galland replied: "I should like an outfit of Spitfires for my squadron." which left Göring speechless with rage. Galland still preferred the Bf 109 for offensive sweeps, but he regarded the Spitfire as a better defensive fighter, owing to its manoeuvrability.

1668:, who had been shot down and killed on 28 November. On 5 December, Galland recorded his 57th victory. This made him the most successful fighter pilot of the war at that point, putting him ahead of his colleague, friend and rival Werner Mölders. Analysis conducted by 1553:

Galland's appointment made no impact on his successes. From 25 August until 14 September, Galland filed claims for victories 23–32. This included three claims on 31 August, for two Spitfires and a Hurricane to take his tally to 27. His 25th victim may have been from

1960:, Germany. The operation caught the British off guard. The RAF attempted to intercept with the forces available, but the German fighter defences were able to shoot down 43 RAF aircraft with 247 British casualties. The Luftwaffe had prevented any damage on the ships by air attack. 2168:

to locate their bases in bad weather. It was decided the single-engine fighters must engage in protecting the heavier fighters, such as the Messerschmitt Bf 110, from escorts, so the latter could attack the bombers. The only available unit to protect the heavy fighters was

2707:

In the space of six days, Galland's friend, Steinhoff was badly burned in a crash on 18 April, and then, on 24 April, his friend Lützow was posted missing. On 21 April, Galland was credited with his 100th aerial victory, the 103rd and last Luftwaffe pilot to reach that total.

3057:

of his son Andreas. Galland remained friends with Tuck until the latter's death on 5 May 1987. Galland felt his loss greatly. Galland's marriage to Hannelies did not last and on 10 February 1984, he married his third wife, Heidi Horn, who remained with him until his death.

2490:. Himmler's reputation as the most powerful man after Hitler at that time may have been a prime motive. Gollob complained about his misuse in the Luftwaffe and Galland's leadership. The SS had already spread their influence into other areas of military affairs including the 2426:

took place in June 1944. According to a report made by Galland, in the previous four months 1,000 pilots had been killed. Galland reported that the enemy outnumbered his fighters between 6:1 and 8:1 and the standard of Allied fighter pilot training was "astonishingly high".

1681:

In March 1941, Göring held a major conference for units in the west. After describing in detail the coming air offensive against Britain, he secretly admitted to Adolf Galland and Werner Mölders that "there's not a word of truth in it." The Luftwaffe was to transfer to the

813:. Galland found the choice hard. He wanted the adventure of a military flying career, but as an airline pilot, Galland had enjoyed the lifestyle of flying and visiting exotic places and was reluctant to give it up. Nevertheless, he decided to officially join the Luftwaffe. 1283:. Galland remembered; "My first kill was child's play. An excellent weapon and luck had been on my side. To be successful, the best fighter pilot needs both"— Galland pursued one of the "scattering" Hurricanes and shot down another at low level. The pilot, a Canadian, 1020:

training facility where he was asked to test fly prototype reconnaissance and strike aircraft. This was not what he wanted, and he hoped to be returned to a fighter unit to fly the Bf 109. During his time there, he gave positive evaluations on types such as the

1448:. During the action, two Spitfires were shot down for the loss of four Bf 109s. Galland was shocked by the aggression shown by pilots he initially believed to be relatively inexperienced. Galland later said he realised there would be no quick and easy victory. 1306:

airfield in the valley below. He sent back a can of fuel for his wingman, who had also landed short of the runway. He continued flying and the next day, claimed another three more aircraft, making a total of seven. For this he was awarded the Iron Cross First Class

636:. Their father had pet names for all his family members. His wife Anna was called "Anita". Fritz, his older brother, was "Toby", Adolf was "Keffer", Wilhelm-Ferdinand was "Wutz" and Paul was "Paulinchen", or since they were expecting a girl, occasionally "Paula". 1790:

was among those to score bringing his tally to 22. Priller later rose to command JG 26. Galland claimed a Hurricane this day for victory number 64—though the loss cannot be confirmed in British records. On 17 June, he accounted for two Hurricanes, one from

2275:

program in favour of producing 100 Me 262s by the end of 1943. However, because of persistent problems with its turbojet engines and later, Hitler's determination to use it as a bomber, the Me 262 was not developed as a fighter until late in the war.

3052:

On 10 September 1963, Galland married his secretary, Hannelies Ladwein. They had two children: a son, Andreas Hubertus (nicknamed "Andus") born 7 November 1966; and a daughter, Alexandra-Isabelle born 29 July 1969. The RAF ace Robert Stanford Tuck was the

1645:

close-escort missions. The results were better and acceptable to his pilots. By the end of the Battle of Britain, JG 26 had gained a reputation as one of only two fighter wings that performed escort duties with consistently low losses to the bombers.

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tactics worked. For example, on 7 July 1944 Eighth Air Force bombers belonging to the 492nd Bomb Group were intercepted unescorted. The entire squadron of 12 B-24s were shot down. The USAAF 2nd Air Division lost 28 Liberators that day, the majority to a

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The unit was officially formed on 22 February 1945. Galland did everything he could to introduce the Me 262s to the wing as quickly as possible. Göring showed sympathy for Galland's efforts, which thus far had only 16 operational jets in February.

2344:

took off with a force of Me 262s in an overcast to engage a USAAF raid. Galland listened over the radio then watched as Nowotny's aircraft dived from out of the clouds and crashed into the ground; an apparent victim of American escorting fighters.

1967:. The need was now pressing, as Germany had declared war on the United States on 11 December 1941, and Galland was keen to build up a force that could withstand the resurgence of the Western Allied Air Forces in preparation for what became known as the 2219:

80-plus instructors. Galland took this step even though he was critical of the high command for failing to produce a long-term plan for higher numbers of instructors in schools, particularly after production increased the number of aircraft available.

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In the last four months our day fighters have lost 1,000 pilots...we are numerically inferior and will always remain so...I believe that a great deal can be achieved with a small number of technically and far superior aircraft such as the 262 and

1437:" (a half-roll onto his back, followed by pulling into a long, curving dive) that the Spitfire could not follow without its float carburettor causing a temporary loss of engine power, could his aircraft escape back to France at low altitude. The II./ 3112:

and found records for 100 aerial victory claims, plus nine further unconfirmed claims, all of which claimed on the Western Front. This figure of confirmed claims includes two four-engined bombers and six victories with the Me 262 jet fighter.

558:

about how best to combat the Allied Air Forces bombing of Germany caused their relationship to deteriorate. The Luftwaffe fighter force was under severe pressure by 1944, and Galland was blamed by Göring for the failure to prevent the Allied

1481:

One of Galland's claims was against 54 Squadron RAF that had surprised him with their aggressive attacks three weeks before. JG 26 claimed nine Spitfires in the air battle—Galland himself filing a claim for a Spitfire at 12:55 off

1294:. He had long believed that his opponents had been Belgian, not knowing that all of the Belgian Air Force's Hurricanes had been destroyed on the ground in the first two days, without seeing combat. On 19 May, Galland shot down a French 2418:

In 1944, the situation worsened. A series of USAAF raids termed Big Week won air superiority for the Allies in February. By the spring of 1944, the Luftwaffe could not effectively challenge the Allies over France or the Low Countries.

1191:

After his transfer to JG 27, Galland met Mölders again. Due to his injuries, Galland could never match Mölders' sharp eyesight; the shards of glass in his eyes denied him that capacity. However, Mölders, by that time a recognised

2529:

alleged private use of Luftwaffe transport aircraft. The official reason for his being relieved of command was his ill health. Göring suspected Galland of organising the rebellion and wanted all the ringleaders to face court-martial.

639:

His two younger brothers also became fighter pilots and aces. Paul claimed 17 victories, before being shot down and killed on 31 October 1942. Wilhelm-Ferdinand, credited with 55 victories, was shot down and killed on 17 August 1943.

1871:

His 96th victim—yet another Spitfire—was claimed on 18 November 1941. It proved to be his last official victory for three years as he was about to be forbidden to fly combat missions. The RAF fighter probably came from 611 Squadron.

3044:

Baroness Gisela von Donner had refused to marry Galland as the restrictions imposed upon her by her former husband's will would deny her the wealth and freedom she had enjoyed. She left for Germany in 1954. Galland married Sylvinia

2069:

Along with these changes, considerable reinforcements arrived. The number of fighters increased from 190 in mid-May to 450 in early July 1943. Close to 40 percent of all fighter production from 1 May to 15 July 1943 went to the

1657:. Pilot Officer G. G. F. Draper was wounded and Sergeant L. A. Garvey was killed. On 15 November, Galland flew his 150th combat mission and the following day claimed his 53rd and 54th successes against 1527:

not leave until attacked, thus giving their opponent the advantage of surprise, initiative, superior altitude, greater speed, and above all fighting spirit, the aggressive attitude which marks all successful fighter pilots.

712:. Galland had two notable accidents; a heavy landing damaged the undercarriage of his aircraft and a collision. Galland was judged to have employed poor formation tactics in the latter incident. Galland applied to join the 2775:

On 14 May 1945, Galland was flown to England and interrogated by RAF personnel about the Luftwaffe, its organisation, his role in it, and technical questions. Galland returned to Germany on 24 August and was imprisoned at

958:. Before leaving he made ten flights in the Bf 109; deeply impressed with the performance of the aircraft, it persuaded him to change from a strike pilot to a fighter pilot. Galland's fellow student and friend at the 853:

and was hospitalised again, aggravating his injured eye. It was at this point his previous medical report came to light again and Galland's unfit certificate was discovered. Major Rheital was rumoured to have undergone a

2869:

For his services to Argentina, Galland was awarded a pilot's wings badge and the title of the Honorary Argentine Military Pilot. In 1955 Galland left South America. By that time, he had begun writing his autobiography,

1707:

in France. By this time, JG 26 were being re-equipped with the new Bf 109F, normally equipped with a 15 mm (or later a 20 mm) cannon firing through the propeller hub and two cowl-mounted 7.9 mm

2588:

After his appointment, Galland was strictly confined to operational matters and not allowed to fly tactical or combat missions. As the war continued Galland flew missions in violation of these restrictions against the

919:. During his time in Spain, Galland analysed the engagements, evaluated techniques and devised new ground-attack tactics which were passed on to the Luftwaffe. His experiences in pin-point ground assaults were used by 6948:

Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des

2387:

Galland himself flew on unauthorised interception flights to experience the combat pressures of the pilots and witnessed USAAF bombers being escorted by large numbers of P-51 Mustangs. Nevertheless, on occasions the

2095:

brought him into gradual conflict with Göring as the war continued. Galland was often at odds with Göring and Hitler on how to prosecute the air war. From 1942 to 1944, the German fighter forces on all fronts in the

563:

of Germany in daylight. The relationship collapsed altogether in early January 1945, when Galland was relieved of his command because of his constant criticism of the Luftwaffe leadership. Galland was then put under

6953:

The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal

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river near Warsaw by 7 September. and the Luftwaffe had been executing the kind of close air support operations Galland had been advocating. Galland participated in the maximum effort by the Luftwaffe during the

1544:

In the aftermath of Galland's appointment, he became aware his pilots were dissatisfied with themselves, the bombers, and particularly the leadership. Galland could not change Göring's mind with respect to the

1159:

pilot. Galland never explained whether open cockpits had caused the complaint or some other cause; given his performance with eye specialists, a certain amount of suspicion is reasonable. He was transferred to

1661:. The accuracy of Galland's claims have been assessed, and one source asserts that 44 of his 54 claims can be verified through British records and five definitely could not be reconciled with RAF losses. 1742:) to claim Galland's aircraft as destroyed, but Galland landed without incident at Le Touquet and presented Osterkamp with his gifts. Galland's success that day represented his 60th and 61st aerial victory. 2739:, had made a "probable" claim on 26 April 1945, the day of Galland's last mission. The details of the engagement matched. Galland and Finnegan met for the first time at an Air Force Association meeting in 2249:

in favour of the jet. There were also problems with the engines and series production was difficult because the company were making design changes at the same time they were working up production lines.

2104:

covered all of the zones occupied by German fighter units engaged in anti-bomber operations. By early October, German intelligence had reported that American fighters were accompanying bombers as far as

9303: 1971:

campaign. Galland was outspoken, something that was not often tolerated by Göring. Yet, by earning and cultivating the support of other powerful personalities in the Luftwaffe, like Erhard Milch and

736:. Galland disliked learning what he perceived to be "seamanship" but logged 25 hours in these aircraft. Soon afterward, along with several other pilots, he was ordered to attend an interview at the 2872: 3180: 1900: 546: 349: 2552:. Production and aircraft procurement were not his responsibility, but Galland identified four major mistakes by the OKL during the war, and accepted partial responsibility for the first three: 950:

During his time in Spain, he developed early gasoline and oil bombs, suggested the quartering of personnel on trains to aid in relocation, and following the Nationalist victory was awarded the ‘

992:, some of the Officer Corps were still pessimistic as to whether that kind of coordination was possible. Galland also adopted the Italian suggestion of heavy armament and criticised the light 3008:

in the United Kingdom, replicating the planned German invasion of Britain in 1940 (which the Germans abandoned after their failure in the Battle of Britain). In 1975, he was a guest at the

6652:

Martin, Pierre & Cony, Christophe (December 1998). "Les as de la Luftwaffe: Adolf Galland, "l'homme au cigare"" [Aces of the Luftwaffe: Adolf Galland, the Man With the Cigar].

3016:. In 1980, Galland's eyesight became too poor for him to fly and he retired as a pilot. However, he continued to attend numerous aviation events, to include being a periodic guest of the 2279:

By spring 1944, the Me 262 was sufficiently ready for operational service. By this time, Galland faced rivalries amongst the Luftwaffe command over how best to employ the aircraft.

1806:

On the morning of 21 June, he accounted for two Bristol Blenheims but was shot down by the Spitfire escorts, crash-landing near Calais. At 16:00 that same afternoon, Galland shot down a

7657: 2062:, which at the time was severely stretched. Galland parroted Göring's criticism. Under pressure from Göring, he also berated the wing which caused friction with the commanding officer 2054:

to prove a capable senior staff officer. Galland's failings delighted Richthofen who was content to allow Galland "enough rope to hang himself", which deflected attention from others.

962:

in Dresden, Johannes Janke, later said of him "a very good pilot and excellent shot, but ambitious and he wanted to get noticed. A parvenu. He was crazy about hunting anything, from a

849:(wing) flooded the administration officers and Galland's medical report was overlooked. Within a year, Galland showed no signs of injury from his crash. In October 1936 he crashed an 2635:. The commander of this unit receives the disciplinary powers of a Divisional Commander as laid down in Luftwaffe Order 3/9.17. It is subordinated to Luftflotte Reich and comes under 2075:

to the Axis' 325 as the air offensive gradually rendered airfields in Sicily inoperable. The weak German bomber force made only a feeble attempt to support the defence of Sicily.

835:

on 1 April 1935. Galland's performance had not yet been impressive enough for a position as an instructor, so he was evaluated and deemed good enough for an operational posting.

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small operational number. Even this was difficult, as Hitler had taken personal control of turbo-jet production and checked where each batch of the aircraft were being deployed.

7688: 1493:. JG 26 claimed eight of the unit's Spitfires which were all officially "confirmed" by the Germans. However, only two of the RAF fighters were hit and both were destroyed. 2154:, and risk sacrificing the pilot. It was not the first occasion Galland had ordered this; the General demanded the same from his men during the Channel Dash operation in 1942. 996:

in early German fighter aircraft and pointed to the advantages of multi-gun configurations (combining machine guns with cannon). These proved successful in the Bf 109 and

988:. Galland favoured the virtually simultaneous attack of the air force before the Army advance, leaving their opponents no time to recover. While this reasserted the lessons of 1819: 512: 2966:

and began his own aircraft consultancy there. Galland worked hard but continued flying, taking part in national air shows. In 1956, he was appointed honorary chairman of the

2772:, to destroy their Me 262s. At the time of his surrender, Galland had filed claims for 104 Allied aircraft shot down. His claims included seven with the Me 262. 2481:. Galland's influence on matters was now virtually nil. Appalled by the Ardennes losses, he personally confronted Gollob and criticised him severely. Gollob contacted the 9288: 3061:

By the 1980s, Galland was regularly attending the funerals of friends like Tuck, and also Douglas Bader, who had died on 5 September 1982 after speaking at a dinner for

2814:, informed Galland about the possibility of the Argentinian Government employing him as a test pilot for Tank's new generation of fighters. Galland accepted and flew to 2810:

to discuss a proposal. Tank had been asked to work for both the British and Russians, and had narrowly avoided being kidnapped by the latter. Tank, through a contact in

8306: 2308:

It was not until September 1944 that Hitler rescinded his directive that the Me 262 be used as a fighter-bomber. Galland had earlier ignored the order and formed

2023:. A general replacement of commanders also occurred. Wolfram von Richthofen arrived as Luftflotte 2 commander. Galland, went to Sicily to control fighter operations. 1814:(Factory number) 6713, code "<- + -", by a 145 Squadron Spitfire flown by Sergeant R.J.C. Grant. Galland bailed out and tugged at what he thought was his parachute 1637:

in the absence of operational success. Hitler expressed his regret for the war with the "Anglo-Saxons", who he admired, but resolved to fight until total destruction.

2724:

that he had sustained during that engagement. The Americans lost four B-26s and another six damaged. Two Me 262s were shot down; the other pilot also survived.

2241:

Galland's enthusiasm failed to appreciate the difficulties involved in transferring a design into production, especially under the circumstances. The Me 262 was not

8517: 8047: 1664:

In November, a further six victories including four Hurricanes were accounted for – to raise his recorded victories to 51–56, putting him level with the late

463:

later in the year. Galland's application was accepted, but he never took up the offer. In February 1934, he was transferred to the Luftwaffe. In 1937, during the

9328: 2363:(Battering ram), these machines could inflict heavy damage on unescorted bomber formations. Galland supported the conversion of units such as JG 300 to the 2237:... I would at this moment rather have one Me 262 in action rather than five Bf 109s. I used to say three 109s, but the situation develops and changes. 7899: 2003:

The first major crisis for Galland's command, under his tenure, occurred in 1943. Galland had been supporting operations in the area since April 1943, but the

2735:

while researching USAAF records and matching them to German victory claims. He found that James Finnegan, a P-47 Thunderbolt pilot of the 50th Fighter Group,

8541: 2826:. Galland enjoyed the slow life. His time there, aside from work commitments, was taken up with Gisela and the active Buenos Aires night life. Galland found 2071: 8842: 8698: 8158: 7949: 7666: 2631:

JV 44 is established at Brandenburg-Briest with immediate effect. Ground personnel are to be drawn from 16./JG 54, Factory Protection Unit 1 and III./

8886: 1769:

Galland continued his successes in the summer. On 13 June, he led a small number of Bf 109s on a patrol off the English coast and attacked a pair of

8075: 7681: 1629: 7974: 2861:

in an international air rally across Italy. The weather was appalling and seven aircraft crashed, taking two lives. Galland and Neumann came in second.

2699:

to begin operations. On 5 April, he organised the interception of a USAAF raid. The Me 262s destroyed three B-17s. On 16 April Galland claimed two

7998: 7935: 1298:

aircraft. During this flight he ran out of fuel short of the runway and landed nearby, at the base of a hill. With the help of soldiers from a German

643:

In 1927, Galland's lifelong interest in flying started when a group of aviation enthusiasts brought a glider club to Borkenberge, a heath east of the

9313: 8990: 8113: 3095: 7422: 2880:), that was published in 1954 by Franz Schneekluth. It was a best-seller in 14 languages and sold three million copies. It was well received by the 8099: 8061: 8023: 3000:

Galland took part in many engagements throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In 1974, he was part of the remaining German General Staff that took part in

8172: 6435:

The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 – The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches

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on 7 August was sufficient to reach 75 aerial victories. On 19 August, he claimed two Spitfires and one Hurricane to surpass the World War I ace

1485:. Only two 54 Squadron Spitfires were lost in the late-morning early afternoon battle. Galland's claim matches the loss of a Spitfire piloted by 6431:

Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile

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on the cusp of Germany's west border. Galland presented these wrecks as proof that the Luftwaffe was facing an enemy that could soon escort its

7877: 7674: 7148: 2157:

Galland found the appearance of American fighters at this range alarming. German losses were so heavy that Galland held a special meeting with

1509:. Galland and his pilots remained ignorant of the disastrous losses suffered by other German units and the defeat of their attacks by the RAF. 899:. In Spain, Galland first displayed his unique style: flying in swimming trunks with a cigar between his teeth in an aircraft decorated with a 6389:

Twelve Days: The Air Battle for Northern France and the Low Countries, 10–21 May 1940, As Seen Through the Eyes of the Fighter Pilots Involved

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This might have been a Blenheim from RAF No. 21 Squadron that managed to return to base that day, heavily damaged, and made a belly landing.

2494:

operations. Himmler, whose relationship with Göring was poor, took the opportunity to exploit the dissent in the Luftwaffe and undermine the

700:, jobs were scarce, and life was hard for the Galland family economically. Adolf had some experience of flying gliders, so he applied to the 7374: 1180: 2293:. Their blind-weather experience and training, and background in multi-engine aircraft made them ideal for these operations in his view. 2038:

Galland's orders were to improve efficiency, morale and the supply of aircraft and pilots. Galland replaced the experienced Osterkamp as

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successes, from a unit of around 120 pilots. Four of the wing's fighter pilots claimed an astounding 31% of all aircraft shot down.

2430:

To win back some breathing space for his force and German industrial targets, Galland formulated a plan which he called the "Big Blow" (

2123: 7892: 6980: 2943: 2192:

gathered momentum. In mid-March 1944, shortages of skilled pilots caused Galland to send the following message asking for volunteers:

2164:

division commanders on 4 November 1943. Contributing to the day fighter losses was the fact that many German fighters did not possess

1695:, he continued to lead JG 26 in 1941 against the RAF fighter sweeps across northern Europe. In early 1941, most of the Luftwaffe 1451:

As the battles over the Channel continued, Galland shot down Spitfires on 25 and 28 July. On 1 August 1940, Galland was awarded the

591:. Later, he returned to Germany and managed his own business. Galland also became friends with many former enemies, such as RAF aces 2253: 9298: 9293: 2026: 1712:. Galland felt the model was grossly under-armed and so tested a series of 109 "specials" – one with a unique armament of an 767:

for the first time. Galland was impressed by Göring and believed him to be a competent leader. In July 1933, Galland travelled to

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Germany and the Second World War: Volume VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943–1944/45

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A strong proponent of the day fighter force and the defence of Germany, Galland used his position to improve the position of the

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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The campaign in Sicily 1943, and the campaign in Italy, 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944

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occupation. Galland replied, making his whereabouts known to the Americans, and offering his surrender once they arrived at the

2355:

In the meantime, Galland pursued innovations with existing designs. The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 aircraft was formed into several

9150: 7030: 9165: This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing. 7869: This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing. 1880: 525:, was killed while a passenger in a flying accident and Galland succeeded him, staying in the position until January 1945. As 7885: 7218: 7192: 7170: 7133: 7114: 7091: 7069: 7046: 7011: 6965: 6936: 6913: 6822: 6803: 6784: 6757: 6719: 6696: 6678: 6642: 6623: 6604: 6511: 6488: 6465: 6446: 6396: 6355: 6313: 6255: 6207: 6180: 2997:, in episodes four and twelve, "Alone (May 1940 – May 1941)" and "Whirlwind: Bombing Germany (September 1939 – April 1944)". 2405: 1085:'Storch' on a reconnaissance mission and was nearly shot down. The next day he flew ground attack missions in support of the 7696: 1489:

N. A Lawrence who was rescued with severe shock. In the afternoon of that same day, Galland claimed two more Spitfires from

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of JG 26. Although not keen on a staff position, soon after Galland's appointment, he planned and executed the German

476: 1333:

beaches should have provided a warning as to the inherent weaknesses of the Luftwaffe's force structure. On 3 June during

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III (Berlin). Verband Galland is to have a provisional strength of sixteen operational Me 262s and fifteen pilots.

1700: 1452: 414:. On four occasions, he survived being shot down, and he was credited with 104 aerial victories, all of them against the 2780:. On 7 October, Galland was returned to England for further interrogation. He was eventually released on 28 April 1947. 2719:. Galland again made a mistake; he stopped to make sure his second victory was going to crash and he was hit by a USAAF 1621:. Galland's victim, Sergeant J. Hubacek reported that he did not see his assailant. The other pilot also survived. 6841: 6377: 2922: 2228:

hoped that the Me 262 would compensate for the numerical superiority of the Allies. In a wartime report he wrote:

1613:. In large-scale clashes Galland claimed his 33rd air victory over a Hurricane while leading JG 26. Over the 1005:

the early campaigns, 1939–41. During his time in the RLM, he instructed, trained and equipped ground-support wings for

2947:

from joining the Bundeswehr. Other sources conflict with this, noting to his close post-war association with RAF aces

2819: 2321:

on 18 July 1944. On 20 August, Hitler finally agreed to allow one in every 20 Me 262 to go into service with the

1757: 7452: 6988: 6891: 6860: 6738: 6575: 6552: 6533: 6416: 6332: 6274: 2296:

In the first five months of 1944, Peltz' conventional bomber force had suffered a significant defeat over England in

1566:

also accounted for one for his 7th victory. Three 19 Squadron Spitfires were shot down in the morning near

1184: 2458:

offensive. Göring and Hitler handed over the forces pooled by Galland to Peltz whom they had appointed commander of

2176:(JG 300), with heavily armed but slow variants of the Fw 190. At the end of December, Galland and the staff of 1574:

while Flying Officer T. J. B Coward was wounded in the foot and F.N Brinsden was unhurt. He bailed out of

9318: 9155: 3005: 2312:

to test the Me 262 against high-flying Allied reconnaissance aircraft. He selected the highly decorated pilot

2138:

By October 1943, the fractious relationship came to the surface again. Galland met with Göring at Göring's estate,

2083:, Galland had lost 273 German and 115 Italian aircraft and imposed a cost of only around 100 on Allied air forces. 2446:. Over the autumn 1944 Galland carefully husbanded his resources and waited for unusually bad weather to improve. 2050:(Inspector of Fighter Pilots South) on 17 May. The challenge of a combat command was too tempting and Galland was 1716:/20 cannon and two cowl-mounted 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, and another with integral wing-mounted 20 mm 2011:

was divided in two, with Luftflotte South East controlling the Balkans and a new Luftflotte 2 controlling Italy,

1086: 7907: 2336:

unit. The unit struggled into November 1944 without much success and high losses. Galland visited the base near

1735:

with both pilots wounded. During the combat, Galland's undercarriage had dropped causing one of the RAF pilots (

2846: 2097: 1042:(II.(S)/LG 2 – 2nd battle group of the 2nd Demonstration Wing). It was not a fighter unit, but a special mixed 954:

in Gold with Swords and Diamonds' for his contributions. On 24 May 1938 Galland left Spain and was replaced by

447: 503:. By the end of 1940, his tally of victories had reached 57. In 1941, Galland stayed in France and fought the 8526: 7767: 3021: 2590: 1935: 1214:

to operate freely in order to seize the initiative. Taking his experiences back to JG 27, its commander

7362: 2449:

Hitler rejected Galland's plan. He hoped to improve Germany's position by winning a decisive victory on the

1589:

A BF 109E-3, JG 26. Typical of the aircraft flown by Galland. This example was captured on 30 September 1940

1196:

shared what experiences he could with Galland; leadership in the air, tactics and organisation. Mölders was

1006: 716:

in the belief he had failed to pass. In the meantime, he carried on with his flight training. Flights in an

3001: 2711:

On 26 April, Galland claimed his 103rd and 104th aerial victories against B-26s which were escorted by the

2450: 1683: 407: 315: 8480: 5904: 2678:

were behind their training schedules on jets, and they were to hand over their pilots and Me 262s to

2348:

Galland remained ambivalent about other types. He was initially sceptical about the design concept in the

1585: 9283: 9237: 7268: 2459: 2318: 2272: 2158: 1941: 2548:

Galland did not pretend to have been error free. After the war, he was candid about his own mistakes as

809:. In December 1933, Galland was recalled to the ZVS headquarters and offered the chance to join the new 583:. He flew missions over Germany until the end of the war in May. After the war, Galland was employed by 9181: 6426: 2516: 2234: 1947: 1101: 980: 820:

in October 1934. In February 1935 Galland was now part of 900 airmen waiting to be inducted to the new

3049:

on 12 February 1954. However, she was unable to have children and they divorced on 10 September 1963.

511:

and Northern France. By November 1941, his tally had increased to 96, by which time he had earned the

7744: 2728: 2245:'s priority. The designer was involved in a battle with Milch from 1942 over the cancellation of the 2189: 2080: 1773:

Hurricanes claiming both shot down. One can be confirmed through British records as crash landing at

1303: 1280: 1187:, 1940. Galland flew the Bf 109 in air-to-air combat for the first time over France and Belgium. 947:, Bf 109s and Ju 87s, the Junkers was selected to undergo trials for the dive bomber role. 629: 569: 359: 1803:

Spitfire which inflated his tally to 67—then the highest recorded tally against the Western Allies.

8727: 8600: 7605: 7555: 7437: 2983: 2751:

By late April, the war was effectively over. On 1 May 1945, Galland attempted to make contact with

692:

and was among 20 personnel who were accepted to the aviation school of Germany's national airline,

6217: 984:(RLM – Ministry of Aviation) where he was tasked with preparing recommendations on the subject of 532:

In late January and early February 1942, Galland first planned and then commanded the Luftwaffe's

8925: 8767: 7600: 7330: 3109: 2285: 1594: 1338: 1218:, agreed to their implementation. Galland gained further experience as a combat leader acting as 521: 40: 6528:, vol. 1: Operational Losses: Aircraft and Crews, 1939–1941, Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland, 1745:

Galland received a telephone call from Göring on 10 May 1941, requesting Galland to intercept a

1320:

With the effective defeat of Belgium JG 27 was moved into forward airfields to support the

9049: 8301: 7498: 7409: 7057: 3136: 2854: 2423: 2165: 2004: 1852: 1603: 936: 907:

I like Mickey Mouse. I always have. And I like cigars, but I had to give them up after the war.

612: 426: 415: 78: 9122: 8737: 2453:. Hitler distrusted Galland's theory and believed him to be afraid and stalling for time. The 1461:) for his 17 victories. Galland continued to make fighter sweeps over southern England before 1029:. During his test piloting career at Tutow, Galland received unwelcome news; he was to become 8975: 8271: 8241: 8084: 6901: 6879: 6367: 5827: 3385: 2645: 2561:

This ignored his own talents, and blithely expected other pilots to reach his high standards.

2503: 2474: 2262: 1610: 1078: 8512: 7785: 7626: 2764:

hospital where he was being treated. Galland then ordered his unit, which had then moved to

1418:

On 24 July 1940, almost 40 Bf 109s of III./JG 26 took off for operations over the

1364: 891:(J/88 – 88th Fighter Group), which was sent to support the Nationalist side under Franco at 9278: 9273: 9029: 8777: 8291: 7772: 7762: 7646: 7631: 7233: 7038: 7006:] (in German) (4th ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. 3160: 2952: 2700: 2473:

The operation never took place. Instead, the fighter force was committed to the disastrous

2246: 2143: 1968: 1918: 1856: 1832: 1807: 1800: 1796: 1770: 1746: 1618: 1462: 1445: 1329: 1302:

battery, he pushed the Bf 109 up the hill and then half-flew, half-glided down to the

1252: 763:

as one of 12 civilian pilots among 70 airmen who came from clandestine programmes, meeting

667: 592: 576: 492: 411: 325: 106: 2470:

opportunity while others think it would have had much less impact than Galland estimated.

8: 8965: 8417: 7430: 3208: 2838: 2478: 2340:

on 7 November to observe this only jet unit. On 8 November 1944, he was present when ace

2297: 2242: 2043: 2031: 1860: 1815: 1792: 1658: 1654: 1555: 1490: 1466: 1429: 1272: 1198: 1077:

2. Equipped with the Henschel Hs 123, nicknamed the "biplane Stuka," supporting the

693: 588: 442: 205: 7816: 7311: 3081:, on 21 February. A memorial service was held on 31 March at the St. Laurentius Church. 3036: 1986:

of Fighter Command, now magnified by USAAF fighters in large numbers, had combined with

1372: 9309:

Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

8231: 7831: 7565: 7560: 2971: 2794: 2752: 2716: 2712: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2521: 2419: 2313: 2170: 2063: 1931: 1570:. Pilot Officer R. A. C Aeberhardt was killed in a crash-landing in Spitfire 1351:"Schlageter" (III./JG 26–3rd group of the 26th Fighter Wing) with the position of 1066: 685: 542: 438: 430: 295: 82: 8335: 6547:. Vol. 2: Operational Losses: Aircraft and Crews, 1942–1943. Leicester: Midland. 5937: 2857:, "The Star of Africa". Neumann had joined Galland's staff in April 1943. They flew a 2483: 9019: 8999: 8747: 8651: 8536: 8201: 7701: 7636: 7570: 7550: 7297: 7289: 7214: 7188: 7166: 7162: 7142: 7129: 7110: 7106: 7087: 7065: 7042: 7007: 6984: 6977:

Militärische Aufbaugenerationen der Bundeswehr 1955 bis 1970: Ausgewählte Biographien

6961: 6932: 6929:

Jagdgeschwader 27 The Documentation on the Deployment on all Fronts from 1939 to 1945

6909: 6887: 6856: 6837: 6818: 6799: 6780: 6753: 6734: 6715: 6692: 6674: 6657: 6638: 6619: 6600: 6571: 6548: 6529: 6507: 6503: 6484: 6480: 6461: 6442: 6412: 6392: 6373: 6351: 6328: 6309: 6301: 6270: 6251: 6225: 6203: 6192:

Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges

6176: 3070: 3009: 2930: 2918: 2914: 2803: 2668: 2606: 2197:

especially officers suitable as formation leaders, will now also have to be drawn on.

1736: 1606:, detested the practice but in his view it conformed to the laws of war at the time. 1438: 1400: 1368: 1345: 1325: 1247:. On the third day of the offensive, 12 May 1940, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of 1244: 1203: 1161: 1031: 1022: 997: 985: 963: 912: 867: 773: 753: 572:, in which senior fighter pilots confronted Göring about the conduct of the air war. 560: 500: 464: 329: 319: 310: 300: 283: 9092: 8837: 8492: 8345: 8251: 8221: 7472: 7322: 2131: 1979:

and even Adolf Hitler, Galland was able to survive in his position for three years.

1972: 1762: 955: 872: 764: 555: 516: 483:. After finishing his tour in 1938 Galland was employed in the Air Ministry writing 9207: 9072: 9060: 9009: 8935: 8693: 8663: 8502: 8153: 7944: 7821: 7806: 7202: 7180: 6243: 3101: 3066: 2993: 2988: 2939: 2834: 2777: 2720: 2679: 2487: 2337: 2329: 2203: 1987: 1983: 1723:

On 15 April 1941, Galland took off with lobster and champagne to celebrate General

1321: 1276: 1268: 1134: 1036: 839: 825: 496: 480: 305: 9254: 8881: 7524: 6196:

With Oak Leaves and Swords. The Highest Decorated Soldiers of the Second World War

3104:, Galland was credited with 104 aerial victories. Mathews and Foreman, authors of 3012:, during the unveiling of the Battle of Britain Hall, where he was entertained by 575:

In March 1945, Galland returned to operational flying and was permitted to form a

9195: 9132: 8827: 8717: 8673: 8376: 8181: 8070: 8032: 7726: 7610: 7534: 7264: 6708: 6587:

The First and The Last: The Rise and Fall of the German Fighter Forces, 1938–1945

5543: 3294: 3187: 2896: 2830:

a world away from post-war shortages of Germany. Soon, he took up gliding again.

2736: 2657: 2641: 2617: 2431: 1914: 1519: 1419: 1411:, where they were to remain for the next 18 months with III./JG 26 based at 1404: 1334: 1264: 1133:

arrived at LG 2 headquarters for lunch with the staff. Such was the state of the

1126: 1082: 1026: 944: 709: 697: 551: 533: 508: 504: 472: 460: 224: 135: 26: 8211: 8042: 7969: 7401: 7251:

Birds of Prey: Hitler's Luftwaffe, Ordinary Soldiers and the Holocaust in Poland

2372:

landing in Normandy which increased the need for lighter fighter variants, each

2214:

staff positions be transferred immediately to operational units, that qualified

1892:

In November 1941, he was chosen by Göring to command Germany's fighter force as

1256: 9112: 9082: 8861: 8817: 8807: 8707: 8683: 8630: 8610: 8580: 8560: 8550: 8469: 8449: 8325: 8315: 8132: 7993: 7930: 7777: 7590: 7529: 7390: 7353: 6925:

Jagdgeschwader 27 Die Dokumentation über den Einsatz an allen Fronten 1939–1945

6458:

Battle over Bavaria : the B-26 Marauder versus the German jets, April 1945

3221: 3017: 3013: 2955:, allegedly of Jewish ancestry yet named godfather of Galland’s son Andreas. 2842: 2621: 2536:. He was to keep the RLM informed of his whereabouts but was effectively under 2349: 2341: 2280: 2151: 1991: 1739: 1732: 1724: 1703:(MTO), leaving only JG 26 and JG 2 as the sole single-engine fighter 1691: 1614: 1563: 1546: 1284: 1010: 911:

Galland flew his first of 300 combat missions in Spain with the J/88 commander

580: 382: 3046: 2042:(Fighter Leader Sicily) on 22 June after he had appointed his close associate 9267: 9102: 8905: 8590: 8570: 8439: 8355: 8281: 8108: 7826: 7811: 7798: 7731: 7716: 7595: 7580: 7493: 7342: 6975:

Schmidt, Wolfgang (2011). Hammerich, Helmut R.; Schlaffer, Rudolf J. (eds.).

6661: 6521: 3142: 3062: 2948: 2929:

leanings", association with prominent neo-Nazis such as his former colleague

2858: 2827: 2740: 2557:

training, which was of decisive importance in an effective air defence force.

2466: 2215: 2127: 1953: 1840: 1787: 1536:

Galland returned to action on 22 August 1940, replacing Gotthard Handrick as

1494: 1408: 1232: 951: 928: 896: 892: 885: 877: 855: 717: 689: 656: 596: 468: 434: 344: 235: 86: 8640: 2934: 2271:

Galland succeeded in temporarily persuading Milch to support cancelling the

1810:

Spitfire, but watching his victim for too long, he was himself shot down in

729: 8955: 8945: 8851: 8797: 8620: 8459: 8122: 8094: 8056: 8018: 7836: 7585: 7519: 7503: 7079: 3320: 2906: 2823: 2613: 2537: 2465:—responsible for virtually all fighter forces in the west. Peltz appointed 2410: 2258: 2207: 2116: 2008: 1976: 1923: 1863:. Galland also flew the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 in the autumn 1941 when the 1774: 1717: 1599: 1314: 1130: 900: 633: 565: 538: 452: 403: 363: 289: 148: 2837:, which helped in his instruction of new pilots. During his time with the 1906:

Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten

1831:

On 2 July 1941, Galland led JG 26 into combat against a formation of

1016:

Unluckily for Galland, his excellence at evaluation earned him a place at

8915: 8871: 8396: 8167: 7983: 7793: 7749: 7721: 7575: 6343: 3154: 3025: 2991:. In 1973, Galland appeared in the British television documentary series 2439: 2333: 1750: 1669: 1665: 1567: 1193: 1138: 1093: 993: 989: 924: 903:

figure. When asked why he developed this style, he gave a simple answer:

850: 816:

After basic training in the Army, he was discharged from his barracks in

786: 733: 7023:

More than just a few: Jewish pilots and aircrew in the Battle of Britain

6931:] (in German) (8th ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. 2620:. Galland never took up this command but was given the task of creating 1518:

on 18 August 1940, and missed the intense air battle that day, known as

1472: 1251:, Belgium, at a height of about 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), flying a 832: 9039: 8895: 8787: 8757: 8429: 8386: 7914: 7641: 6239: 5391: 5389: 5188: 5186: 3166: 2901: 1885: 1844: 1728: 1609:

Galland passed another serious test on 15 September, the date known as

1482: 1424: 1155: 1142: 920: 845: 806: 725: 713: 456: 399: 182: 4614: 978:. On his return to Germany, he was ordered to the headquarters of the 648: 8261: 8191: 6773:

The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945

5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 3281: 3181:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

3054: 2892: 2815: 2799: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2571: 1901:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

1634: 1559: 1514: 1502: 1240: 1227: 1061: 1001: 810: 794: 790: 584: 547:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

395: 350:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

194: 161: 5413: 5386: 5222: 5183: 4870: 2917:, the chief of staff of the USAF, sent a secret telegram to General 2627:(JV 44). On 24 February 1945 the order for its formation read: 1154:

After the end of the campaign, Galland claimed to be suffering from

1113: 1105: 7210: 3268: 2926: 2765: 2514:

had already begun investigations into who he associated with. The

2185: 2012: 1486: 1412: 1384: 1215: 1169: 1117: 838:

In October 1935, during aerobatic manoeuvre training, he crashed a

616: 484: 7084:

Arming the Luftwaffe: The German Aviation Industry in World War II

6009: 5651: 5591: 5524: 5258: 1248: 748: 9304:

German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States

7062:

Fighter General: The Life of Adolf Galland The Official Biography

6957: 6776: 6567: 6438: 6199: 5454: 5452: 5147: 5087: 4914: 4912: 3078: 2811: 2654: 2511: 2105: 2016: 1754:

Galland ordered his pilots unused to night flying to stand down.

1444:

covered their retreat, losing two Bf 109s to Spitfires from

1434: 1260: 1121: 975: 916: 817: 644: 624: 102: 7414: 3753: 2864: 1699:

s fighter units were sent to the Eastern Front, or south to the

1653:

two victims were claimed at 16:00 CET and were likely from

974:

From May to August 1938, Galland took leave and visited Spanish

651:

railway and part of the Westerholt estate. It was here that the

6853:

To Win The Winter Sky: The Air War Over the Ardennes, 1944–1945

5910: 5885: 3307: 3238: 2807: 2696: 2443: 2206:

had lost 38 percent of its fighter pilots in April 1944, while

2112: 2020: 1713: 1291: 1236: 802: 760: 672: 620: 608: 422: 74: 6689:

Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 2 G–L

6545:

Royal Air Force Fighter Command Losses of the Second World War

6526:

Royal Air Force Fighter Command Losses of the Second World War

6286:"Executive Fuller! – The Royal Air Force and the Channel Dash" 5476: 5449: 5437: 5357: 5333: 5210: 5111: 4909: 4834: 4722: 3550: 3481: 2569:

brightest youth were pulled by expert campaigners, toward the

1825:

Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern

9213: 7861: 7857: 5050: 5048: 4846: 4710: 4060: 4058: 3884: 3505: 3469: 3457: 2632: 2086: 2059: 1709: 1295: 1290:

Galland claimed his third Hurricane later that same day over

1109: 1017: 939:, an opponent of Udet's, used them to push for the opposite: 798: 768: 265: 261: 251: 247: 243: 5956: 5808: 1899:

Soon afterward, on 28 January 1942, Galland was awarded the

6769:

Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945

6295:. Vol. 50. Witney: Royal Air Force Historical Society. 5687: 5345: 4790: 4530: 4518: 4270: 4268: 3896: 2959: 2910: 2885: 2533: 1957: 1820:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

1299: 513:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

239: 6637:, Auldgirth, Dumfriesshire, UK: Pen & Sword Aviation, 6477:

Fw 190 Sturmböck vs B-17 Flying Fortress: Europe 1944–1945

6126: 6124: 6061: 5798: 5796: 5764: 5762: 5639: 5045: 4954: 4858: 4055: 2520:(OKL) appointed the more politically acceptable Gollob, a 1129:. On 11 September, during one of his visits to the front, 6097: 6085: 6073: 5603: 5555: 5246: 5077: 5075: 4944: 4942: 4929: 4927: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4739: 4737: 4087: 4085: 3925: 3923: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 2881: 2491: 2007:

caused a reorganisation of Axis air forces in the south.

1934:, from his headquarters at Jever. The German battleships 1059:

Just before the outbreak of war, Galland was promoted to

406:

in Europe. He flew 705 combat missions and fought on the

7236:, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Education and Research. 5975: 5973: 5971: 5875: 5873: 5723: 5699: 5675: 5627: 5615: 5579: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5323: 5321: 5234: 5198: 4997: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4807: 4805: 4698: 4662: 4650: 4602: 4494: 4482: 4436: 4434: 4383: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4316: 4280: 4265: 4253: 4229: 4157: 4121: 4043: 3872: 3582: 3580: 2502:

On 17 January, a group of senior pilots took part in a "

1624:

On 23 September, Galland became the third member of the

1168:(JG 27—Fighter Wing 27) on 10 February 1940 as the 7230:

The Art of Wing Leadership and Aircrew Morale in Combat

6564:

The First and the Last: Germany's Fighter Force in WWII

6456:

Forsyth, Robert; Scutts, Jerry; Creek, Eddie J (1999).

6148: 6136: 6121: 6109: 5997: 5985: 5918: 5846: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5759: 5159: 4899: 4897: 4778: 4674: 4578: 4566: 4554: 4542: 4506: 4470: 4109: 2507: 619:

ancestry. The first Galland in Westerholt arrived from

549:. Over the ensuing years, Galland's disagreements with 6597:

Phoenix Triumphant: The Rise and Rise of the Luftwaffe

5464: 5171: 5135: 5072: 5060: 5021: 4939: 4924: 4882: 4817: 4761: 4749: 4734: 4686: 4626: 4359: 4292: 4205: 4169: 4082: 4031: 4019: 3995: 3983: 3920: 3908: 3843: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3806: 3804: 3789: 3765: 3741: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3628: 3616: 3604: 3567: 3565: 3517: 3435: 3433: 3020:

for their annual "Gathering of Eagles" program at the

2695:

On 31 March 1945, Galland flew 12 operational jets to

1558:

which was claimed 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of

1344:

On 6 June 1940, Galland took over the command of III./

1100:

flew intensive sorties in support of the division and

895:

from mid-1937. Galland flew ground attack missions in

9179: 5968: 5870: 5858: 5747: 5735: 5711: 5663: 5567: 5512: 5500: 5488: 5425: 5401: 5369: 5318: 5306: 5270: 5123: 5099: 5033: 5009: 4978: 4966: 4802: 4638: 4458: 4431: 4419: 4340: 4328: 4145: 4133: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3652: 3577: 3493: 2981:

In 1969, he served as technical adviser for the film

2532:

For his own safety, Galland went to a retreat in the

1975:, and personalities in the industrial sector such as 118:

Cementerio, Oberwinter, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

7035:

The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force: 1933–1945

6884:

The Last Year of the Luftwaffe: May 1944 to May 1945

6387:

Cull, Brian; Lander, Bruce; Weiss, Heinrich (2001).

6348:

Wolfram von Richthofen: Master of the German Air War

5832:

Gemeinschaft der Flieger deutscher Streitkräfte e.V.

5774: 5294: 4894: 4590: 4446: 4407: 4395: 4371: 4304: 4241: 4217: 4193: 4181: 4097: 4070: 3971: 3935: 3700: 3538: 3077:

buried at the Cementerio in Oberwinter, district of

2267:

central test airfield, inspecting new aircraft types

1855:'s tally of 80. His 80th and 81st victims were from 943:

dual combination fighter-bombers. After trials with

684:

In February 1932, Galland graduated from Hindenburg

5282: 4007: 3947: 3816: 3801: 3777: 3712: 3688: 3676: 3664: 3640: 3592: 3562: 3430: 3406: 1013:in 1938. However, the invasion did not take place. 9289:Military personnel from the Province of Westphalia 7126:Bf 109D/E Aces 1939/41 (Gli Assi della Blitzkrieg) 6707: 6455: 5657: 5597: 5419: 5395: 5228: 5192: 5153: 4876: 3959: 3855: 3759: 2891:Galland returned to Germany and was approached by 2184:The situation deteriorated in February 1944, with 1765:attending Theo Osterkamp's birthday in April 1941. 831:(Fighter Wing 2), arriving at its headquarters in 7105:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. Oxford, UK: 7029: 6267:JG 7 The World's First Jet Fighter Unit 1944/1945 6222:The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 5093: 3445: 3418: 3096:List of aerial victories claimed by Adolf Galland 2833:In a professional capacity, Galland spoke fluent 1399:of III./JG 26 (JG 26), fighting in the 759:In May 1933, Galland was ordered to a meeting in 9265: 7055: 6687:Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). 6306:The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich 3556: 3511: 3487: 3475: 3463: 1630:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves 529:, Galland was forbidden to fly combat missions. 519:, who commanded the German Fighter Force as the 7159:Knight's Cross with Diamonds Recipients 1941–45 6635:Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe in World War WWII 6386: 3902: 3890: 3106:Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims 2731:graduate student came across Galland's memoirs 2596: 2477:, designed to support German forces during the 2359:with distinctly upgraded firepower. Called the 2111:Several American fighter aircraft crashed near 1868:collision with each other during the dogfight. 1359:with an establishment of 39 Bf 109Es. His 1263:, claimed his first aerial victories, over two 587:'s Government and acted as a consultant to the 545:, which was a major success. It earned him the 394:(19 March 1912 – 9 February 1996) was a German 9329:Military personnel from North Rhine-Westphalia 6686: 6502:, Aviation Elite Units, vol. 27, Oxford: 6460:. East Sussex, England: Classic Publications. 6299: 6238: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6015: 5537: 5482: 5458: 5443: 5363: 5339: 5264: 5216: 5117: 4918: 4852: 4840: 4728: 4716: 3143:Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords and Diamonds 3065:. In January 1983, he attended the funeral of 2325:which allowed Galland to build all–jet units. 1595:killing enemy pilots while in their parachutes 1593:During the Battle of Britain, the question of 1069:from 1 September 1939 onward, he flew with 4. 7893: 7682: 7438: 7185:Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History 3084: 2865:Return to Germany and alleged Nazi sympathies 2583: 1222:, when the officer commanding went on leave. 7415:Articles and topics related to Adolf Galland 6750:Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933–1945 6654:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire 2793:After Galland was released, he travelled to 2601:Galland was initially assigned to command a 1904: 1823: 1456: 1308: 1243:. JG 27 supported German forces in the 1146: 1049: 824:. In March Galland was ordered to report to 7103:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front 6021: 5552:, pp. 198–99, picture gallery caption. 1875: 1355:. Under his command were the 7., 8. and 9. 7900: 7886: 7689: 7675: 7445: 7431: 7156: 7147:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6922: 6425: 6103: 6091: 6079: 6067: 5561: 3878: 3031: 2579:. The Luftwaffe did not match this effort. 2087:Conflict with Göring and failed leadership 1081:. On 1 September, Galland flew alone in a 445:. In 1932, he graduated as a pilot at the 16:German World War II flying ace and general 7004:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1 6874:, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office 6766: 6325:The JG 26 War Diary: Volume One 1939-1942 6216: 5609: 4389: 4064: 615:on 19 March 1912 to a family with French 9314:Recipients of the Military Medal (Spain) 7020: 6997: 6945: 6906:Battle of Britain Day: 15 September 1940 6869: 6616:Eagle in Flames: Defeat of the Luftwaffe 6497: 6474: 6322: 6154: 6142: 6130: 6115: 6055: 5814: 5693: 4784: 4656: 4620: 4560: 4536: 4524: 4512: 4476: 4365: 4211: 4175: 4091: 3499: 3089: 3069:and his wife Christl, who had died in a 3035: 2958:In the summer of 1957, Galland moved to 2404: 2376:in the Luftwaffe would have contained a 2252: 2122: 2025: 1879: 1756: 1584: 1471: 1337:, he claimed another French aircraft, a 1179: 969: 781:beginning in October 1933, Galland flew 747: 679: 7265:Newspaper clippings about Adolf Galland 7227: 7201: 7179: 7025:. Jewish Historical Studies, Volume 38. 6974: 6584: 6561: 6350:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansa. 6173:Adolf Galland: The Authorised Biography 6003: 5802: 5645: 5351: 4680: 4608: 4500: 4488: 4425: 4353: 4334: 4259: 4235: 4151: 4139: 4127: 3941: 3658: 3532: 3439: 3202:3rd Oak Leaves on 24 September 1940 as 2400: 1799:. The following day he accounted for a 1465:. On 11 August, Galland's unit engaged 1395:From June 1940 on, Galland flew as the 1383:had mistakenly attacked Galland during 1000:. He also recognised the innovation of 724:Early in 1933, Galland was sent to the 9266: 7207:The German War Machine in World War II 6850: 6815:The Battle of Britain:Myth and Reality 6747: 6731:Battle of Britain: The Story of a Film 6728: 6705: 6632: 6613: 6594: 6542: 6520: 6283: 6264: 6189: 6036: 5891: 5864: 5669: 5633: 5470: 5407: 5327: 5312: 5276: 5240: 5204: 5177: 5141: 5129: 5105: 5081: 5066: 5054: 5039: 5027: 5003: 4991: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4933: 4888: 4864: 4828: 4796: 4772: 4755: 4743: 4704: 4692: 4668: 4632: 4464: 4440: 4247: 4223: 3977: 3825: 3723: 3571: 3388:, killed in action on 18 January 1945. 3381:Sylvinia von Dönhoff was the widow of 3368:For a list of Luftwaffe Jet aces, see 2913:as a military power. In 1955, General 2806:, requested that he go to his home in 1884:Galland (front honour guard, left) at 1633:were signs of declining morale in the 1403:. On 19 July 1940, he was promoted to 451:(German Commercial Flyers' School) in 7881: 7670: 7426: 7413: 7078: 7000:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 6900: 6878: 6831: 6812: 6793: 6752:. Maxwell AFB: Air University Press. 6668: 6406: 6365: 6342: 6170: 5991: 5979: 5962: 5924: 5879: 5852: 5787: 5768: 5753: 5741: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5681: 5621: 5585: 5573: 5549: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5431: 5380: 5300: 5252: 5165: 5015: 4903: 4811: 4644: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4548: 4452: 4413: 4401: 4377: 4322: 4310: 4298: 4286: 4274: 4199: 4187: 4163: 4115: 4103: 4076: 4049: 4037: 4025: 4013: 4001: 3989: 3953: 3929: 3914: 3849: 3837: 3810: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3747: 3735: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3646: 3634: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3544: 3451: 3424: 3412: 2925:. Claiming Galland's alleged "strong 1054: 743: 488:allow him to become a fighter pilot. 9324:Lieutenant generals of the Luftwaffe 9220: 7161:. Elite. Vol. 139. Oxford, UK: 7123: 7100: 6923:Ring, Hans; Girbig, Werner (1994) . 6500:Jagdverband 44: Squadron of Experten 6293:The Royal Air Force Air Power Review 5288: 3965: 3866: 3370:List of German World War II jet aces 1476:Galland's Messerschmitt Bf 109E 1422:—a phase of the battle known as the 1390: 1275:. The Hurricanes had been escorting 607:Galland was born in Westerholt (now 7740:(Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds) 6411:, London: Arms & Armour Press, 6269:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. 3163:in Gold with Diamonds (August 1940) 3149:Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe 3123:Medal for the Campaign of 1936−1939 2899:for the purpose of joining the new 2413:. The two men had a mutual respect. 1701:Mediterranean Theater of Operations 1035:(group commander) of II.(Schlacht)/ 738:Zentrale der Verkehrsflieger Schule 441:pilot in 1929 before he joined the 13: 7336:5 December 1941 – 31 January 1945 7242: 6714:, New York: Simon & Schuster, 6479:. Duel. Vol. 24. Oxford, UK: 3236:2nd Diamonds (28 January 1942) as 3185:Knight's Cross on 29 July 1940 as 2923:United States Air Forces in Europe 2648:, Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe. 1120:. The German Army had reached the 628:and his two younger brothers were 14: 9340: 7305:22 August 1940 – 5 December 1941 7258: 6834:The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945 2543: 2261:(centre) and Speer (left) at the 1531: 1175: 708:Galland's first flight was in an 696:. During the final years of the 9246: 9229: 9201: 9189: 9151:List of German World War II aces 7908: 7845: 7698:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 7459:Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds 7455:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 7395:1 February 1945 – 26 April 1945 6981:Military History Research Office 6566:, Fortunes of War, South Miami, 5930: 5897: 5820: 5658:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 5598:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 5420:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 5396:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 5229:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 5193:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 5154:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 4877:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 3760:Forsyth, Scutts & Creek 1999 3375: 3362: 2944:Military History Research Office 2895:, a commissioner for Chancellor 1998: 1676: 1458:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 1453:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 861: 381: 347:In Gold with Swords and Diamonds 199: 187: 175: 154: 141: 128: 39: 9299:German World War II flying aces 9294:Luftwaffe World War II generals 7124:——— (1999) , 6836:, London: Penguin/ Allen Lane, 6589:, New York: Henry Holt & Co 6498:——— (2009b), 6202:: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. 6175:, London: Windrow & Green, 6163: 5944:(in German). Vol. 18. 1954 5909:, US: Air force, archived from 3353: 3337: 3127:Medalla de la Campaña 1936–1939 2933:, and his known service to the 2820:Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar 2612:, at that time stranded behind 1930:s (German navy, or War Marine) 1281:bomb bridges in the Netherlands 1172:, restricting him from flying. 6691:. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. 6614:——— (1999), 6585:——— (1954), 6543:——— (1998). 6437:] (in German). Friedberg, 4623:, pp. 157, 161, 168, 185. 3002:the Operation Sea Lion wargame 2222: 2098:European Theatre of Operations 2048:Inspekteur der Jadgflieger Süd 1497:C. J. D Andreae was killed in 1009:(Case Green), the invasion of 702:Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule 448:Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule 1: 9156:List of top World War II aces 7209:. Santa Barbara, California: 6960:: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 6618:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 3903:Cull, Lander & Weiss 2001 3891:Cull, Lander & Weiss 2001 3395: 3256: 3219:1st Swords (21 June 1941) as 3172:2nd Class (13 September 1939) 3022:Air Command and Staff College 2660:was asked to assist Galland. 2591:United States Army Air Forces 2524:supporter, to succeed him as 1990:'s bomber operations to make 1148:Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse 927:and leading supporter of the 661:Gelsenkirchen Luftsportverein 653:Gelsenkirchen Luftsportverein 602: 392:Adolf Josef Ferdinand Galland 7368:15 June 1943 – 31 July 1943 4853:Boog, Krebs & Vogel 2001 4841:Boog, Krebs & Vogel 2001 3557:Toliver & Constable 1999 3512:Toliver & Constable 1999 3488:Toliver & Constable 1999 3476:Toliver & Constable 1999 3464:Toliver & Constable 1999 3400: 2968:Gemeinschaft der Jagdflieger 2853:of JG 27 and mentor of 2818:. He settled with Gisela in 2788: 2746: 2597:Return to front line service 2384:aircraft by September 1944. 2130:(left), Galland (right) and 1956:, up the English Channel to 1407:and JG 26 moved to the 1310:Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse 455:before applying to join the 7: 7269:20th Century Press Archives 7157:Williamson, Gordon (2006). 6908:, London: Greenhill books, 6748:Murray, Williamson (1983). 6198:] (in German). Vienna, 5828:"Namhafte Persönlichkeiten" 2783: 2666:(KG 51 or Bomber Wing 51), 1046:of ground attack aircraft. 475:missions in support of the 10: 9345: 7917:with 100+ aerial victories 7363:Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien 7232:. Vol. Cadre Papers. 6775:] (in German). Mainz, 6016:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5538:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5483:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5459:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5444:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5364:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5340:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5265:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5217:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5118:Caldwell & Muller 2007 4919:Caldwell & Muller 2007 4729:Caldwell & Muller 2007 4717:Caldwell & Muller 2007 3151:in Gold with Pennant "400" 3100:According to US historian 3093: 3085:Summary of military career 2878:Die Ersten und die Letzten 2841:(FAA) he flew the British 2584:Unofficial combat missions 2517:Oberkommando der Luftwaffe 1839:On 9 August 1941, RAF ace 1287:Jack Campbell was killed. 1271:. Both aircraft were from 981:Reichsluftfahrtministerium 402:who served throughout the 9145: 8481:Horst-Günther von Fassong 8368: 8145: 8010: 7961: 7922: 7854: 7843: 7802:(Oak Leaves & Swords) 7789:(Oak Leaves & Swords) 7745:Wilhelm-Ferdinand Galland 7712: 7655: 7619: 7543: 7512: 7481: 7465: 7420: 7397: 7387: 7381: 7370: 7358: 7349: 7338: 7327: 7318: 7307: 7294: 7285: 7280: 7249:Blood, Philip W. (2021). 7021:Sugarman, Martin (2002). 6998:Stockert, Peter (2012) . 6956:] (in German). Jena, 6767:Obermaier, Ernst (1989). 6706:Miller, Donald S (2006), 6656:(in French) (69): 34–41. 6475:Forsyth, Robert (2009a). 6323:Caldwell, Donald (1996). 6284:Byford, Alistair (2011). 3116: 2729:San Jose State University 2422:, the Allied invasion of 2328:Galland closely followed 2190:Combined Bomber Offensive 2081:Allied invasion of Sicily 1328:, after encountering the 1050:Combat career (1939–1941) 467:, he volunteered for the 421:Galland, who was born in 377: 369: 360:Wilhelm-Ferdinand Galland 355: 340: 271: 257: 231: 219: 211: 168: 123: 113: 92: 61: 53: 38: 23: 8728:Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 7606:Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 7556:Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz 7086:. Jefferson: McFarland. 7064:, Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 6851:Parker, Danny S (1998), 6729:Mosley, Leonard (1969), 6427:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer 6366:Corum, James S. (2011). 6265:Boehme, Manfred (1992). 6246:; Vogel, Detlef (2001). 6224:. Oxford, UK: Casemate. 6190:Berger, Florian (1999). 5894:, pp. 117–118, 121. 3330: 2962:and rented an office on 2565:largely Galland's fault. 2264:Erprobungsstelle Rechlin 2134:(centre), September 1940 1876:High command (1941–1945) 1512:Galland was summoned to 915:, on 24 July 1937, near 870:, Galland was appointed 568:following the so-called 9319:Condor Legion personnel 8768:Franz-Josef Beerenbrock 7860:. Knight's Cross with 7601:Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke 7331:General der Jagdflieger 6946:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 6832:Overy, Richard (2013), 6813:Overy, Richard (2010), 6798:, Washington: Potomac, 6794:Overy, Richard (1980), 6669:Mason, Francis (1969), 6633:Kaplan, Philip (2007), 6595:Hooton, Edward (1994). 6562:Galland, Adolf (2005), 6391:. London: Grub Street. 3175:1st Class (22 May 1940) 3110:German Federal Archives 3032:Personal life and death 2550:General der Jagdflieger 2526:General der Jagdflieger 2332:, the experimental all- 2093:General der Jagdflieger 1894:General der Jagdflieger 1463:the main assault opened 1339:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 527:General der Jagdflieger 522:General der Jagdflieger 9050:Max-Hellmuth Ostermann 8302:Hans-Joachim Marseille 7499:Hans-Joachim Marseille 7228:Zentner, John (2001). 6870:Playfair, Ian (1973), 6796:The Air War, 1939–1945 6327:. London: Grubstreet. 5965:, pp. 300, 303–4. 5094:National Archives 2000 3879:Ring & Girbig 1994 3137:Military Medal (Spain) 3041: 2873:The First and the Last 2855:Hans-Joachim Marseille 2802:, the designer of the 2733:The First and the Last 2650: 2435: 2424:German-occupied Europe 2414: 2268: 2239: 2199: 2135: 2091:Galland's position as 2035: 1905: 1889: 1853:Manfred von Richthofen 1824: 1766: 1604:air officer commanding 1590: 1529: 1477: 1457: 1428:. They were met by 12 1341:for his 12th victory. 1309: 1188: 1185:Messerschmitt Bf 109Es 1147: 937:Wolfram von Richthofen 909: 843:Luftwaffe and his own 785:airliners. Flying the 756: 570:Fighter Pilots' Revolt 427:Province of Westphalia 79:Province of Westphalia 8976:Eberhard von Boremski 8407:Friedrich-Karl Müller 8242:Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert 8085:Theodor Weissenberger 6983:, Oldenbourg Verlag. 6886:, London: Greenhill, 6855:, New York: Da Capo, 6599:. Arms & Armour. 6308:, London: Greenhill, 6171:Baker, David (1996), 3386:Harald von Hirschfeld 3131:Medalla de la Campaña 3090:Aerial victory claims 3039: 2629: 2504:Fighter Pilots Revolt 2475:Operation Bodenplatte 2408: 2310:Eprobungskommando 262 2257:Galland (right) with 2256: 2230: 2210:had lost 24 percent. 2194: 2126: 2072:Mediterranean Theatre 2029: 1909:) for his service as 1883: 1760: 1611:Battle of Britain Day 1588: 1524: 1475: 1183: 970:Staff post in the RLM 923:, a proponent of the 905: 777:(Italian Air Force). 752:Galland trained on a 751: 680:Early military career 623:in 1792, becoming a 579:unit which he called 493:Messerschmitt Bf 109s 212:Years of service 8778:Hans-Joachim Birkner 8292:Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke 7913:German World War II 7773:Johann-Hermann Meier 7763:Karl-Wilhelm Hofmann 7647:Dietrich von Saucken 7632:Hasso von Manteuffel 7234:Air University Press 7187:. London: ABC-Clio. 7056:Toliver, Raymond F; 7039:Public Record Office 3324:(Brigadier General) 3272:(Second Lieutenant) 3161:Pilot/Observer Badge 2953:Robert Stanford Tuck 2798:his love of flying. 2701:Martin B-26 Marauder 2401:Dismissal and revolt 2247:Messerschmitt Me 209 2144:Messerschmitt Me 410 1969:Defence of the Reich 1919:Operation Donnerkeil 1771:No. 258 Squadron RAF 1747:Messerschmitt Bf 110 1635:German fighter force 1619:No. 310 Squadron RAF 1330:Supermarine Spitfire 1304:Charleville-Mézières 1253:Messerschmitt Bf 109 1225:On 10 May 1940, the 668:Treaty of Versailles 655:(Air Sports Club of 593:Robert Stanford Tuck 515:. In November 1941, 412:Defence of the Reich 326:Defence of the Reich 107:Rhineland-Palatinate 9123:Paul-Heinrich Dähne 9030:Friedrich Geißhardt 8418:Friedrich Wachowiak 7101:Weal, John (1996). 7058:Constable, Trevor J 6817:, London: Penguin, 6779:: Dieter Hoffmann. 6673:, McWhirter Twins, 6671:Battle over Britain 6409:The Fighting Me 109 6407:Feist, Uwe (1993), 6250:. Clarendon Press. 6218:Bergström, Christer 6018:, pp. 364–366. 5540:, pp. 285–286. 5354:, pp. 296–310. 5267:, pp. 217–218. 5255:, pp. 240–243. 5057:, pp. 230–233. 4963:, pp. 228–229. 4867:, pp. 227–229. 4799:, p. 225, 227. 4539:, pp. 136–137. 4527:, pp. 134–135. 4325:, pp. 141–143. 4289:, pp. 138–142. 4277:, pp. 109–110. 4166:, pp. 115–122. 4052:, pp. 96–103.. 3244:Geschwaderkommodore 3227:Geschwaderkommodore 3209:Geschwaderkommodore 3040:Grave in Oberwinter 2851:Geschwaderkommodore 2839:Argentine Air Force 2479:Battle of the Bulge 2298:Operation Steinbock 2283:, commander of the 2243:Willy Messerschmitt 2140:Schloss Veldenstein 1911:Geschwaderkommodore 1659:No. 17 Squadron RAF 1538:Geschwaderkommodore 1239:under the codename 1199:Geschwaderkommodore 589:Argentine Air Force 373:Aircraft consultant 206:Argentine Air Force 9284:People from Herten 8513:Joachim Müncheberg 8232:Johannes Steinhoff 7832:Heinz-Gerhard Vogt 7786:Joachim Müncheberg 7627:Ferdinand Schörner 7566:Hans-Valentin Hube 7561:Herbert Otto Gille 7453:Recipients of the 6710:Masters of the Air 6300:Caldwell, Donald; 5817:, p. 183-200. 5732:, pp. 298–99. 5708:, pp. 291–96. 5696:, pp. 111–14. 5684:, pp. 289–90. 5648:, pp. 356–57. 5624:, pp. 284–88. 5588:, pp. 284–85. 4587:, pp. 169–70. 4575:, pp. 167–68. 4551:, pp. 165–66. 4118:, pp. 134–35. 3042: 2972:Beechcraft Bonanza 2795:Schleswig-Holstein 2753:United States Army 2717:50th Fighter Group 2713:27th Fighter Group 2663:Kampfgeschwader 51 2522:National Socialist 2420:Operation Overlord 2415: 2314:Werner Thierfelder 2269: 2136: 2064:Johannes Steinhoff 2036: 2030:Adolf Galland and 1946:and heavy cruiser 1932:Operation Cerberus 1890: 1767: 1591: 1478: 1365:Joachim Müncheberg 1322:invasion of France 1245:Battle for Belgium 1189: 1067:invasion of Poland 1055:Invasion of Poland 771:to train with the 757: 744:Into the Luftwaffe 543:Operation Cerberus 431:Kingdom of Prussia 296:Invasion of Poland 83:Kingdom of Prussia 9177: 9176: 9171: 9170: 9137: 9127: 9117: 9107: 9097: 9087: 9077: 9065: 9054: 9044: 9034: 9024: 9020:Siegfried Freytag 9014: 9004: 9000:Heinz Sachsenberg 8994: 8980: 8970: 8960: 8950: 8940: 8930: 8920: 8910: 8900: 8890: 8876: 8866: 8856: 8846: 8832: 8822: 8812: 8802: 8792: 8782: 8772: 8762: 8752: 8748:Friedrich Obleser 8742: 8732: 8722: 8712: 8702: 8688: 8678: 8668: 8656: 8652:Rudolf Rademacher 8645: 8635: 8625: 8615: 8605: 8595: 8585: 8575: 8565: 8555: 8545: 8537:Alfred Grislawski 8531: 8521: 8507: 8497: 8485: 8474: 8464: 8454: 8444: 8434: 8422: 8411: 8401: 8391: 8381: 8360: 8350: 8340: 8330: 8320: 8310: 8296: 8286: 8276: 8266: 8256: 8246: 8236: 8226: 8216: 8206: 8202:Joachim Kirschner 8196: 8186: 8176: 8162: 8137: 8127: 8117: 8103: 8089: 8079: 8065: 8051: 8037: 8027: 8002: 7988: 7978: 7953: 7939: 7875: 7874: 7803: 7790: 7782: 7754: 7741: 7664: 7663: 7658:Golden Oak Leaves 7637:Theodor Tolsdorff 7571:Albert Kesselring 7551:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 7408: 7407: 7398:Succeeded by 7371:Succeeded by 7339:Succeeded by 7308:Succeeded by 7298:Jagdgeschwader 26 7290:Gotthard Handrick 7281:Military offices 7220:978-1-44-086918-1 7203:Zabecki, David T. 7194:978-1-59884-980-6 7181:Zabecki, David T. 7172:978-1-84176-644-7 7163:Osprey Publishing 7135:978-84-8372-203-9 7116:978-1-85532-595-1 7107:Osprey Publishing 7093:978-0-7864-8879-7 7071:978-0-7643-0678-5 7048:978-1-905615-30-8 7031:National Archives 7013:978-3-9802222-7-3 6967:978-3-938845-17-2 6938:978-3-87943-215-8 6915:978-1-85367-375-7 6824:978-0-141-96299-3 6805:978-1-57488-716-7 6786:978-3-87341-065-7 6759:978-1-58566-010-0 6721:978-0-7432-3544-0 6698:978-1-906592-19-6 6680:978-0-901928-00-9 6644:978-1-84415-460-9 6625:978-1-85409-343-1 6606:978-1-85409-181-9 6513:978-1-84603-294-3 6504:Osprey Publishing 6490:978-1-84603-941-6 6481:Osprey Publishing 6467:978-0-9526867-4-3 6448:978-3-7909-0284-6 6441:: Podzun-Pallas. 6398:978-1-902304-12-0 6357:978-0-7006-1598-8 6315:978-1-85367-712-0 6257:978-0-19-822889-9 6209:978-3-9501307-0-6 6182:978-1-85915-017-7 5994:, pp. 307–8. 5927:, pp. 305–6. 5855:, pp. 302–3. 5771:, pp. 300–2. 5636:, pp. 49–50. 5422:, pp. 40–41. 5398:, pp. 38–39. 5243:, pp. 61–63. 5231:, pp. 20–24. 5207:, pp. 44–45. 5195:, pp. 20–21. 5168:, pp. 31–32. 5006:, pp. 36–37. 4879:, pp. 16–17. 4707:, pp. 30–35. 4671:, pp. 9, 30. 4611:, pp. 88–92. 4503:, pp. 71–74. 4491:, pp. 67–68. 4301:, pp. 91–92. 4262:, pp. 67–68. 4238:, pp. 28–29. 4130:, pp. 33–34. 4067:, pp. 21–22. 4040:, pp. 96–97. 4028:, pp. 92–94. 4004:, pp. 85–90. 3992:, pp. 80–83. 3932:, pp. 78–79. 3917:, pp. 76–77. 3852:, pp. 70–72. 3840:, pp. 68–69. 3798:, pp. 59–64. 3774:, pp. 43–46. 3750:, pp. 40–41. 3738:, pp. 33–38. 3637:, pp. 21–26. 3625:, pp. 19–20. 3613:, pp. 18–19. 3328: 3327: 3316:19 November 1942: 3193:Gruppenkommandeur 3108:, researched the 3010:RAF Museum Hendon 2984:Battle of Britain 2942:. According to a 2931:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 2919:William H. Tunner 2804:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 2181:fighter attack." 2166:direction finders 1795:and another from 1737:Flight Lieutenant 1689:Now, promoted to 1401:Battle of Britain 1397:Gruppenkommandeur 1391:Battle of Britain 1369:Wilhelm Balthasar 1353:Gruppenkommandeur 1326:Battle of Dunkirk 1269:Hawker Hurricanes 1220:Gruppenkommandeur 1092:advancing to the 1079:German Tenth Army 1032:Gruppenkommandeur 1023:Focke-Wulf Fw 189 998:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 986:close air support 913:Gotthard Handrick 868:Spanish Civil War 774:Regia Aeronautica 754:Focke-Wulf Fw 44J 728:training base at 688:(high school) in 630:Wilhelm-Ferdinand 561:strategic bombing 501:Battle of Britain 465:Spanish Civil War 389: 388: 311:Battle of Britain 301:Battle of Belgium 284:Spanish Civil War 9336: 9259: 9251: 9250: 9249: 9242: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9222: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9185: 9164: 9138: 9135: 9128: 9125: 9118: 9115: 9108: 9105: 9098: 9095: 9088: 9085: 9078: 9075: 9073:Josef Wurmheller 9068: 9067: 9063: 9061:Herbert Rollwage 9055: 9052: 9045: 9042: 9035: 9032: 9025: 9022: 9015: 9012: 9010:Hartmann Grasser 9005: 9002: 8995: 8988: 8981: 8978: 8971: 8968: 8961: 8958: 8951: 8948: 8941: 8938: 8936:Bernhard Vechtel 8931: 8928: 8921: 8918: 8911: 8908: 8901: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8877: 8874: 8867: 8864: 8857: 8854: 8847: 8840: 8833: 8830: 8823: 8820: 8813: 8810: 8803: 8800: 8793: 8790: 8783: 8780: 8773: 8770: 8763: 8760: 8753: 8750: 8743: 8740: 8733: 8730: 8723: 8720: 8713: 8710: 8703: 8696: 8694:Herbert Ihlefeld 8689: 8686: 8679: 8676: 8669: 8666: 8664:Josef Zwernemann 8659: 8658: 8654: 8646: 8643: 8636: 8633: 8626: 8623: 8616: 8613: 8606: 8603: 8601:Gerhard Hoffmann 8596: 8593: 8586: 8583: 8576: 8573: 8566: 8563: 8556: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8532: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8505: 8503:Karl-Heinz Weber 8498: 8495: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8475: 8472: 8465: 8462: 8455: 8452: 8445: 8442: 8435: 8432: 8425: 8424: 8420: 8412: 8409: 8402: 8399: 8392: 8389: 8382: 8379: 8361: 8358: 8351: 8348: 8341: 8338: 8331: 8328: 8321: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8294: 8287: 8284: 8277: 8274: 8267: 8264: 8257: 8254: 8247: 8244: 8237: 8234: 8227: 8224: 8217: 8214: 8207: 8204: 8197: 8194: 8187: 8184: 8177: 8170: 8163: 8156: 8154:Walter Krupinski 8138: 8135: 8128: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8097: 8090: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7986: 7979: 7972: 7954: 7947: 7945:Gerhard Barkhorn 7940: 7933: 7912: 7911: 7902: 7895: 7888: 7879: 7878: 7868: 7849: 7848: 7822:Johannes Seifert 7817:Gerhard Schöpfel 7807:Waldemar Radener 7801: 7788: 7780: 7759: 7752: 7739: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7424: 7423: 7411: 7410: 7382:Preceded by 7352:Generalleutnant 7350:Preceded by 7319:Preceded by 7312:Gerhard Schöpfel 7286:Preceded by 7278: 7277: 7254: 7253:. ibidem Verlag. 7237: 7224: 7198: 7176: 7152: 7146: 7138: 7120: 7097: 7074: 7052: 7026: 7017: 6994: 6971: 6942: 6918: 6896: 6875: 6865: 6846: 6827: 6808: 6790: 6763: 6743: 6724: 6713: 6702: 6683: 6665: 6647: 6628: 6610: 6590: 6580: 6558: 6538: 6516: 6494: 6471: 6452: 6421: 6402: 6383: 6369:Rearming Germany 6361: 6338: 6318: 6296: 6290: 6280: 6261: 6235: 6231:978-1612-00347-4 6213: 6185: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6040: 6034: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5791: 5785: 5772: 5766: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5384: 5378: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4937: 4931: 4922: 4916: 4907: 4901: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4815: 4809: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3814: 3808: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3589:, pp. 9–12. 3584: 3575: 3569: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3389: 3379: 3373: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3341: 3303:4 December 1941: 3261: 3260: 3102:David T. Zabecki 3071:traffic accident 3067:Gerhard Barkhorn 2994:The World at War 2989:Pinewood Studios 2964:Koblenzerstrasse 2940:German Air Force 2778:Hohenpeissenberg 2727:In the 1970s, a 2721:P-47 Thunderbolt 2488:Heinrich Himmler 2330:Kommando Nowotny 2286:IX. Fliegerkorps 2204:Luftflotte Reich 1988:Eighth Air Force 1984:Circus offensive 1929: 1908: 1843:bailed out over 1833:No. 226 Squadron 1827: 1808:No. 611 Squadron 1801:No. 145 Squadron 1786:enemy aircraft. 1698: 1556:19 Squadron 1460: 1446:No. 610 Squadron 1373:Gerhard Schöpfel 1312: 1277:Bristol Blenheim 1255:, Galland, with 1150: 1135:Polish Air Force 945:Henschel Hs 123s 840:Focke-Wulf Fw 44 705:were sent home. 497:Battle of France 481:Francisco Franco 404:Second World War 385: 306:Battle of France 204: 203: 202: 193: 191: 190: 181: 179: 178: 170: 160: 158: 157: 147: 145: 144: 134: 132: 131: 99: 71: 69: 43: 21: 20: 9344: 9343: 9339: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9252: 9247: 9245: 9235: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9221:sister projects 9218:at Knowledge's 9212: 9202: 9200: 9190: 9188: 9180: 9178: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9166: 9162: 9160: 9141: 9133:Reinhard Seiler 9131: 9121: 9111: 9101: 9091: 9081: 9071: 9059: 9058: 9048: 9038: 9028: 9018: 9008: 8998: 8984: 8974: 8964: 8954: 8944: 8934: 8924: 8914: 8904: 8894: 8880: 8870: 8860: 8850: 8836: 8828:Wilhelm Crinius 8826: 8816: 8806: 8796: 8786: 8776: 8766: 8756: 8746: 8736: 8726: 8718:Heinz Marquardt 8716: 8706: 8692: 8682: 8674:Dietrich Hrabak 8672: 8662: 8650: 8649: 8639: 8629: 8619: 8609: 8599: 8589: 8579: 8569: 8559: 8549: 8535: 8525: 8511: 8501: 8491: 8479: 8478: 8468: 8458: 8448: 8438: 8428: 8416: 8415: 8405: 8395: 8385: 8377:Fritz Tegtmeier 8375: 8364: 8354: 8344: 8336:Hans Beißwenger 8334: 8324: 8314: 8300: 8290: 8280: 8270: 8260: 8250: 8240: 8230: 8220: 8210: 8200: 8190: 8182:Joachim Brendel 8180: 8166: 8152: 8141: 8131: 8121: 8107: 8093: 8083: 8071:Heinrich Ehrler 8069: 8055: 8041: 8033:Erich Rudorffer 8031: 8017: 8006: 7992: 7982: 7968: 7957: 7943: 7929: 7918: 7909: 7906: 7876: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7850: 7846: 7841: 7757: 7727:Hans Dortenmann 7708: 7695: 7665: 7660: 7651: 7615: 7611:Albrecht Brandi 7539: 7535:Adelbert Schulz 7508: 7477: 7461: 7451: 7416: 7404: 7394: 7385: 7377: 7373:Oberstleutnant 7367: 7356: 7345: 7335: 7325: 7314: 7304: 7292: 7261: 7248: 7245: 7243:Further reading 7240: 7221: 7195: 7173: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7117: 7094: 7072: 7049: 7014: 6991: 6968: 6939: 6916: 6894: 6863: 6844: 6825: 6806: 6787: 6760: 6741: 6733:, London: Pan, 6722: 6699: 6681: 6651: 6645: 6626: 6607: 6578: 6555: 6536: 6514: 6491: 6468: 6449: 6419: 6399: 6380: 6358: 6335: 6316: 6302:Muller, Richard 6288: 6277: 6258: 6232: 6210: 6183: 6166: 6161: 6153: 6149: 6141: 6137: 6129: 6122: 6114: 6110: 6104:Fellgiebel 2000 6102: 6098: 6092:Fellgiebel 2000 6090: 6086: 6080:Fellgiebel 2000 6078: 6074: 6068:Fellgiebel 2000 6066: 6062: 6054: 6043: 6035: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5969: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5938:"Adolf Galland" 5936: 5935: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5890: 5886: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5813: 5809: 5801: 5794: 5786: 5775: 5767: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5676: 5668: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5644: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5596: 5592: 5584: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5562:Williamson 2006 5560: 5556: 5548: 5544: 5536: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5418: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5370: 5362: 5358: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5326: 5319: 5311: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5191: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5128: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5053: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4940: 4932: 4925: 4917: 4910: 4902: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4847: 4839: 4835: 4827: 4818: 4810: 4803: 4795: 4791: 4783: 4779: 4771: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4547: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4487: 4483: 4475: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4432: 4424: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4400: 4396: 4388: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4352: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4090: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3817: 3809: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3585: 3578: 3570: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3547:, pp. 4–6. 3543: 3539: 3531: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3392: 3380: 3376: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3277:1 October 1939: 3264:1 October 1934: 3259: 3250:26 "Schlageter" 3233:26 "Schlageter" 3216:26 "Schlageter" 3199:26 "Schlageter" 3119: 3098: 3092: 3087: 3034: 2974:which he named 2921:, commander of 2897:Konrad Adenauer 2867: 2791: 2786: 2749: 2737:Ninth Air Force 2688:Kampfgeschwader 2658:Josef Kammhuber 2642:Generalleutnant 2637:Luftgaukommando 2618:Courland Pocket 2599: 2586: 2546: 2496:Reichsmarschall 2484:Reichsführer-SS 2403: 2225: 2152:ramming methods 2089: 2005:Tunisian defeat 2001: 1927: 1915:air superiority 1878: 1733:forced landings 1727:'s birthday at 1696: 1679: 1628:to receive the 1541:Adolf Galland. 1534: 1520:The Hardest Day 1501:and R. Roberts 1420:English Channel 1393: 1361:Staffelkapitäns 1335:Operation Paula 1273:No. 87 Squadron 1265:Royal Air Force 1178: 1127:Battle of Bzura 1089:Panzer Division 1083:Fieseler Fi 156 1057: 1052: 1027:Henschel Hs 129 972: 941:Schlachtflieger 864: 822:ReichsLuftwaffe 746: 698:Weimar Republic 682: 605: 552:Reichsmarschall 509:English Channel 507:(RAF) over the 505:Royal Air Force 461:Weimar Republic 370:Other work 362: 348: 336: 335: 287: 280: 238: 225:Generalleutnant 200: 198: 197: 188: 186: 185: 176: 174: 155: 153: 152: 142: 140: 139: 136:Weimar Republic 129: 127: 119: 101: 97: 96:9 February 1996 73: 67: 65: 49: 34: 31: 30: 27:Generalleutnant 17: 12: 11: 5: 9342: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9261: 9260: 9258:from Wikiquote 9243: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9198: 9175: 9174: 9169: 9168: 9161: 9159: 9158: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9129: 9119: 9113:Ulrich Wernitz 9109: 9099: 9093:Werner Mölders 9089: 9083:Rudolf Miethig 9079: 9069: 9056: 9046: 9036: 9026: 9016: 9006: 8996: 8982: 8972: 8966:Günther Lützow 8962: 8952: 8942: 8932: 8922: 8912: 8902: 8892: 8878: 8868: 8862:Berthold Korts 8858: 8848: 8838:Werner Schröer 8834: 8824: 8818:August Lambert 8814: 8808:Heinz Wernicke 8804: 8794: 8784: 8774: 8764: 8754: 8744: 8734: 8724: 8714: 8708:Wolfgang Tonne 8704: 8690: 8684:Wolf-Udo Ettel 8680: 8670: 8660: 8647: 8637: 8631:Franz Eisenach 8627: 8617: 8611:Heinrich Sterr 8607: 8597: 8587: 8581:Adolf Dickfeld 8577: 8567: 8561:Adolf Borchers 8557: 8551:Johannes Wiese 8547: 8533: 8523: 8509: 8499: 8493:Otto Fönnekold 8489: 8476: 8470:Walter Wolfrum 8466: 8456: 8450:Rudolf Trenkel 8446: 8436: 8426: 8413: 8403: 8393: 8383: 8372: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8352: 8346:Peter Düttmann 8342: 8332: 8326:Gerhard Thyben 8322: 8316:Heinrich Sturm 8312: 8298: 8288: 8278: 8268: 8258: 8252:Günther Schack 8248: 8238: 8228: 8222:Günther Josten 8218: 8208: 8198: 8188: 8178: 8164: 8149: 8147: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8139: 8133:Helmut Lipfert 8129: 8119: 8105: 8091: 8081: 8067: 8053: 8039: 8029: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8004: 7994:Walter Nowotny 7990: 7980: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7941: 7931:Erich Hartmann 7926: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7905: 7904: 7897: 7890: 7882: 7873: 7872: 7865: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7796: 7791: 7783: 7778:Klaus Mietusch 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7747: 7742: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7703:Jagdgeschwader 7700:recipients of 7694: 7693: 7686: 7679: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7591:Erich Hartmann 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7547: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7530:Walter Nowotny 7527: 7522: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7473:Werner Mölders 7469: 7467: 7463: 7462: 7450: 7449: 7442: 7435: 7427: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7406: 7405: 7399: 7396: 7391:Jagdverband 44 7386: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7372: 7369: 7357: 7354:Theo Osterkamp 7351: 7347: 7346: 7340: 7337: 7326: 7323:Werner Mölders 7320: 7316: 7315: 7309: 7306: 7293: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7260: 7259:External links 7257: 7256: 7255: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7225: 7219: 7205:, ed. (2019). 7199: 7193: 7177: 7171: 7154: 7134: 7121: 7115: 7098: 7092: 7076: 7070: 7053: 7047: 7027: 7018: 7012: 6995: 6989: 6972: 6966: 6949:Bundesarchives 6943: 6937: 6920: 6914: 6898: 6892: 6876: 6867: 6861: 6848: 6843:978-0713995619 6842: 6829: 6823: 6810: 6804: 6791: 6785: 6764: 6758: 6745: 6739: 6726: 6720: 6703: 6697: 6684: 6679: 6666: 6649: 6643: 6630: 6624: 6611: 6605: 6592: 6582: 6576: 6559: 6553: 6540: 6534: 6522:Franks, Norman 6518: 6512: 6495: 6489: 6472: 6466: 6453: 6447: 6423: 6417: 6404: 6397: 6384: 6379:978-9004203174 6378: 6363: 6356: 6340: 6333: 6320: 6314: 6297: 6281: 6275: 6262: 6256: 6244:Krebs, Gerhard 6236: 6230: 6214: 6208: 6187: 6181: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6147: 6135: 6120: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6070:, p. 190. 6060: 6058:, p. 325. 6041: 6020: 6008: 6006:, p. 331. 5996: 5984: 5982:, p. 307. 5967: 5955: 5929: 5917: 5913:on 9 June 2008 5896: 5884: 5882:, p. 304. 5869: 5857: 5845: 5819: 5807: 5805:, p. 372. 5792: 5773: 5758: 5756:, p. 300. 5746: 5744:, p. 299. 5734: 5722: 5720:, p. 297. 5710: 5698: 5686: 5674: 5662: 5660:, p. 170. 5650: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5612:, p. 243. 5610:Obermaier 1989 5602: 5600:, p. 143. 5590: 5578: 5576:, p. 135. 5566: 5554: 5542: 5523: 5521:, p. 284. 5511: 5509:, p. 282. 5499: 5497:, p. 281. 5487: 5485:, p. 263. 5475: 5473:, p. 485. 5463: 5461:, p. 264. 5448: 5446:, p. 262. 5436: 5434:, p. 130. 5424: 5412: 5400: 5385: 5383:, p. 330. 5368: 5366:, p. 231. 5356: 5344: 5342:, p. 188. 5332: 5317: 5305: 5293: 5281: 5269: 5257: 5245: 5233: 5221: 5219:, p. 235. 5209: 5197: 5182: 5180:, p. 355. 5170: 5158: 5146: 5144:, p. 252. 5134: 5122: 5120:, p. 189. 5110: 5098: 5096:, p. 315. 5086: 5084:, p. 278. 5071: 5069:, p. 245. 5059: 5044: 5032: 5030:, p. 226. 5020: 5018:, p. 231. 5008: 4996: 4977: 4965: 4953: 4951:, p. 231. 4938: 4936:, p. 265. 4923: 4921:, p. 114. 4908: 4893: 4891:, p. 230. 4881: 4869: 4857: 4845: 4843:, p. 166. 4833: 4831:, p. 227. 4816: 4814:, p. 331. 4801: 4789: 4777: 4775:, p. 164. 4760: 4758:, p. 225. 4748: 4746:, p. 180. 4733: 4731:, p. 285. 4721: 4709: 4697: 4695:, p. 135. 4685: 4683:, p. 138. 4673: 4661: 4659:, p. 193. 4649: 4647:, p. 175. 4637: 4635:, p. 146. 4625: 4613: 4601: 4599:, p. 172. 4589: 4577: 4565: 4563:, p. 138. 4553: 4541: 4529: 4517: 4515:, p. 132. 4505: 4493: 4481: 4479:, p. 126. 4469: 4467:, p. 112. 4457: 4455:, p. 158. 4445: 4443:, p. 134. 4430: 4418: 4416:, p. 224. 4406: 4404:, p. 152. 4394: 4392:, p. 273. 4390:Bergström 2015 4382: 4380:, p. 465. 4370: 4358: 4339: 4327: 4315: 4313:, p. 168. 4303: 4291: 4279: 4264: 4252: 4240: 4228: 4216: 4204: 4202:, p. 356. 4192: 4190:, p. 330. 4180: 4168: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4106:, p. 260. 4096: 4081: 4079:, p. 114. 4069: 4065:Bergström 2015 4054: 4042: 4030: 4018: 4006: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3919: 3907: 3895: 3883: 3871: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3815: 3800: 3788: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3711: 3709:, p. 104. 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3576: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3535:, p. 465. 3516: 3504: 3492: 3490:, p. 119. 3480: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3442:, p. vii. 3429: 3417: 3415:, p. vii. 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3374: 3361: 3352: 3348:Staffel Gruppe 3335: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3248:Jagdgeschwader 3234: 3231:Jagdgeschwader 3222:Oberstleutnant 3217: 3214:Jagdgeschwader 3200: 3197:Jagdgeschwader 3178: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3118: 3115: 3094:Main article: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3033: 3030: 3018:U.S. Air Force 3014:Prince Charles 2938:staff) to the 2915:Nathan Twining 2866: 2863: 2847:Eduard Neumann 2843:Gloster Meteor 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2748: 2745: 2681:Jagdgeschwader 2608:Jagdgeschwader 2598: 2595: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2545: 2544:Self appraisal 2542: 2534:Harz Mountains 2402: 2399: 2350:Heinkel He 162 2342:Walter Nowotny 2281:Dietrich Peltz 2224: 2221: 2172:Jagdgeschwader 2132:Hermann Göring 2088: 2085: 2044:Günther Lützow 2032:Günther Lützow 2000: 1997: 1992:Western Europe 1973:Günther Korten 1877: 1874: 1763:Werner Mölders 1740:Paddy Finucane 1725:Theo Osterkamp 1692:Oberstleutnant 1678: 1675: 1615:Thames Estuary 1564:Klaus Mietusch 1547:escort fighter 1533: 1532:Wing Commander 1530: 1440:Jagdgeschwader 1392: 1389: 1377:Staffelkapitän 1347:Jagdgeschwader 1285:Flying Officer 1205:Jagdgeschwader 1177: 1176:Western Europe 1174: 1163:Jagdgeschwader 1145:Second Class ( 1102:XVI Army Corps 1075:Lehrgeschwader 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1038:Lehrgeschwader 1011:Czechoslovakia 971: 968: 956:Werner Mölders 897:Heinkel He 51s 873:Staffelkapitän 863: 860: 827:Jagdgeschwader 765:Hermann Göring 745: 742: 710:Albatros L 101 681: 678: 604: 601: 581:Jagdverband 44 556:Hermann Göring 517:Werner Mölders 416:Western Allies 387: 386: 379: 375: 374: 371: 367: 366: 357: 353: 352: 342: 338: 337: 334: 333: 323: 313: 308: 303: 298: 281: 276: 275: 273: 269: 268: 259: 255: 254: 233: 229: 228: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 172: 166: 165: 125: 121: 120: 117: 115: 111: 110: 100:(aged 83) 94: 90: 89: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 47:Oberstleutnant 44: 36: 35: 32: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9341: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9257: 9256: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9217: 9216:Adolf Galland 9209: 9199: 9197: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9134: 9130: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9103:Josef Priller 9100: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9070: 9062: 9057: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9037: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9017: 9011: 9007: 9001: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8986:Adolf Galland 8983: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8963: 8957: 8953: 8947: 8943: 8937: 8933: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8906:Franz Woidich 8903: 8897: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8882:Kurt Bühligen 8879: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8859: 8853: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8815: 8809: 8805: 8799: 8795: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8775: 8769: 8765: 8759: 8755: 8749: 8745: 8739: 8735: 8729: 8725: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8671: 8665: 8661: 8653: 8648: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8608: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8591:Wilhelm Lemke 8588: 8582: 8578: 8572: 8571:Erwin Clausen 8568: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8534: 8528: 8527:Hans Waldmann 8524: 8519: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8490: 8482: 8477: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8440:Heinrich Setz 8437: 8431: 8427: 8419: 8414: 8408: 8404: 8398: 8394: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8357: 8356:Gordon Gollob 8353: 8347: 8343: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8323: 8317: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8282:Horst Ademeit 8279: 8273: 8272:Heinz Schmidt 8269: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8189: 8183: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8109:Walter Schuck 8106: 8101: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8040: 8034: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8000: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7916: 7903: 7898: 7896: 7891: 7889: 7884: 7883: 7880: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827:Gustav Sprick 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7812:Johann Schmid 7810: 7808: 7805: 7800: 7799:Josef Priller 7797: 7795: 7792: 7787: 7784: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7768:Wilhelm Mayer 7766: 7764: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7738: 7737:Adolf Galland 7735: 7733: 7732:Heinz Ebeling 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7717:Walter Adolph 7715: 7714: 7711: 7706: 7704: 7699: 7692: 7687: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7659: 7654: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7596:Hermann Balck 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7581:Sepp Dietrich 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:Wolfgang Lüth 7523: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7494:Gordon Gollob 7492: 7490: 7489:Adolf Galland 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7443: 7441: 7436: 7434: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7419: 7412: 7403: 7393: 7392: 7389:Commander of 7380: 7376: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7360:Commander of 7355: 7348: 7344: 7343:Gordon Gollob 7334: 7333: 7332: 7324: 7317: 7313: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7296:Commander of 7291: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7252: 7247: 7246: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7137: 7131: 7128:, Del Prado, 7127: 7122: 7118: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7080:Uziel, Daniel 7077: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7054: 7050: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6992: 6990:9783486711813 6986: 6982: 6979:(in German). 6978: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6902:Price, Alfred 6899: 6895: 6893:1-85367-440-0 6889: 6885: 6881: 6880:Price, Alfred 6877: 6873: 6868: 6864: 6862:0-938289-35-7 6858: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6835: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6751: 6746: 6742: 6740:0-330-02357-8 6736: 6732: 6727: 6723: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6704: 6700: 6694: 6690: 6685: 6682: 6676: 6672: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6579: 6577:1-84145-020-0 6573: 6569: 6565: 6560: 6556: 6554:1-85780-075-3 6550: 6546: 6541: 6537: 6535:1-85780-055-9 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6418:1-85409-209-X 6414: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6390: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6364: 6359: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6334:1-898697-52-3 6330: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6276:0-88740-395-6 6272: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6168: 6157:, p. 33. 6156: 6155:Stockert 2012 6151: 6145:, p. 31. 6144: 6143:Stockert 2012 6139: 6133:, p. 29. 6132: 6131:Stockert 2012 6127: 6125: 6118:, p. 28. 6117: 6116:Stockert 2012 6112: 6106:, p. 36. 6105: 6100: 6094:, p. 39. 6093: 6088: 6082:, p. 53. 6081: 6076: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6056:Scherzer 2007 6052: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6039:, p. 77. 6038: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5964: 5959: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5926: 5921: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5888: 5881: 5876: 5874: 5867:, p. 99. 5866: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5816: 5815:Sugarman 2002 5811: 5804: 5799: 5797: 5790:, p. 45. 5789: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5770: 5765: 5763: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5731: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5694:Forsyth 2009b 5690: 5683: 5678: 5672:, p. 49. 5671: 5666: 5659: 5654: 5647: 5642: 5635: 5630: 5623: 5618: 5611: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5582: 5575: 5570: 5564:, p. 10. 5563: 5558: 5551: 5546: 5539: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5520: 5515: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5460: 5455: 5453: 5445: 5440: 5433: 5428: 5421: 5416: 5410:, p. 90. 5409: 5404: 5397: 5392: 5390: 5382: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5365: 5360: 5353: 5348: 5341: 5336: 5330:, p. 40. 5329: 5324: 5322: 5315:, p. 91. 5314: 5309: 5303:, p. 98. 5302: 5297: 5291:, p. 78. 5290: 5285: 5279:, p. 39. 5278: 5273: 5266: 5261: 5254: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5206: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5162: 5156:, p. 18. 5155: 5150: 5143: 5138: 5132:, p. 73. 5131: 5126: 5119: 5114: 5108:, p. 43. 5107: 5102: 5095: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5042:, p. 43. 5041: 5036: 5029: 5024: 5017: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4994:, p. 41. 4993: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4975:, p. 37. 4974: 4969: 4962: 4957: 4950: 4945: 4943: 4935: 4930: 4928: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4906:, p. 80. 4905: 4900: 4898: 4890: 4885: 4878: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4855:, p. 44. 4854: 4849: 4842: 4837: 4830: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4813: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4793: 4787:, p. 47. 4786: 4785:Playfair 1973 4781: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4757: 4752: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4730: 4725: 4719:, p. 49. 4718: 4713: 4706: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4665: 4658: 4657:Caldwell 1996 4653: 4646: 4641: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4621:Caldwell 1996 4617: 4610: 4605: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4562: 4561:Caldwell 1996 4557: 4550: 4545: 4538: 4537:Caldwell 1996 4533: 4526: 4525:Caldwell 1996 4521: 4514: 4513:Caldwell 1996 4509: 4502: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4477:Caldwell 1996 4473: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4449: 4442: 4437: 4435: 4428:, p. 31. 4427: 4422: 4415: 4410: 4403: 4398: 4391: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4368:, p. 84. 4367: 4366:Caldwell 1996 4362: 4356:, p. 33. 4355: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4337:, p. 32. 4336: 4331: 4324: 4319: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4261: 4256: 4250:, p. 15. 4249: 4244: 4237: 4232: 4226:, p. 10. 4225: 4220: 4214:, p. 70. 4213: 4212:Caldwell 1996 4208: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4184: 4178:, p. 68. 4177: 4176:Caldwell 1996 4172: 4165: 4160: 4154:, p. 39. 4153: 4148: 4142:, p. 30. 4141: 4136: 4129: 4124: 4117: 4112: 4105: 4100: 4094:, p. 58. 4093: 4092:Caldwell 1996 4088: 4086: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4059: 4051: 4046: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4016:, p. 91. 4015: 4010: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3980:, p. 38. 3979: 3974: 3968:, p. 57. 3967: 3962: 3956:, p. 81. 3955: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3916: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3893:, p. 85. 3892: 3887: 3881:, p. 27. 3880: 3875: 3869:, p. 51. 3868: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3851: 3846: 3839: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3820: 3813:, p. 67. 3812: 3807: 3805: 3797: 3792: 3786:, p. 54. 3785: 3780: 3773: 3768: 3762:, p. 15. 3761: 3756: 3749: 3744: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3708: 3703: 3697:, p. 29. 3696: 3691: 3685:, p. 28. 3684: 3679: 3673:, p. 27. 3672: 3667: 3661:, p. 18. 3660: 3655: 3649:, p. 26. 3648: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3607: 3601:, p. 13. 3600: 3595: 3588: 3583: 3581: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3559:, p. 16. 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3514:, p. 14. 3513: 3508: 3502:, p. 36. 3501: 3500:Forsyth 2009a 3496: 3489: 3484: 3478:, p. 13. 3477: 3472: 3466:, p. 15. 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3426: 3421: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3371: 3365: 3356: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3290:18 July 1940: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3145:(6 June 1939) 3144: 3141: 3139:with Diamonds 3138: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3082: 3080: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3063:Arthur Harris 3059: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3038: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2949:Douglas Bader 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2862: 2860: 2859:Piaggio P.149 2856: 2852: 2849:, the former 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2828:South America 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2781: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2741:San Francisco 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2656: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2619: 2616:lines in the 2615: 2611: 2609: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2467:Gordon Gollob 2464: 2463: 2456: 2452: 2451:Western Front 2447: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2436:Großer Schlag 2433: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2412: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2319:P-51 Mustangs 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2236: 2229: 2220: 2217: 2216:night fighter 2211: 2209: 2205: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2173: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2155: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2133: 2129: 2128:Bruno Loerzer 2125: 2121: 2118: 2117:heavy bombers 2114: 2109: 2107: 2101: 2099: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2040:JaFü Sizilien 2033: 2028: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 1999:Mediterranean 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1954:Brest, France 1951: 1950: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1887: 1882: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1841:Douglas Bader 1837: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1788:Josef Priller 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1718:MG FF cannons 1715: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1685: 1684:Eastern Front 1677:Channel Front 1674: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:Pilot Officer 1492: 1488: 1484: 1474: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1409:Pas de Calais 1406: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375:. Balthasar, 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1324:. During the 1323: 1318: 1316: 1311: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233:Low Countries 1230: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1186: 1182: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1065:. During the 1064: 1063: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982: 977: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952:Spanish Cross 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 929:Junkers Ju 87 926: 922: 918: 914: 908: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 888: 883: 879: 878:Condor Legion 875: 874: 869: 862:Condor Legion 859: 857: 856:court-martial 852: 848: 847: 841: 836: 834: 833:Jüterbog-Damm 830: 828: 823: 819: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 778: 776: 775: 770: 766: 762: 755: 750: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 719: 718:Albatros L 75 715: 711: 706: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 677: 675: 674: 669: 664: 662: 658: 657:Gelsenkirchen 654: 650: 646: 641: 637: 635: 631: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 600: 598: 597:Douglas Bader 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 573: 571: 567: 562: 557: 554: 553: 548: 544: 541: 540: 535: 530: 528: 524: 523: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 491:Galland flew 489: 486: 482: 478: 474: 473:ground attack 470: 469:Condor Legion 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449: 444: 440: 436: 435:German Empire 432: 428: 424: 419: 417: 413: 409: 408:Western Front 405: 401: 397: 393: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 365: 361: 358: 354: 351: 346: 345:Spanish Cross 343: 339: 331: 327: 324: 321: 317: 316:Channel Front 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 293: 292: 291: 286: 285: 279: 274: 270: 267: 263: 260: 256: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 236:Condor Legion 234: 230: 227: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 207: 196: 184: 173: 167: 163: 150: 137: 126: 122: 116: 112: 108: 104: 95: 91: 88: 87:German Empire 84: 80: 76: 72:19 March 1912 64: 60: 57:Keffer, Dolfo 56: 52: 48: 42: 37: 33:Adolf Galland 29: 28: 22: 19: 9253: 9241:from Commons 9236: 9215: 8985: 8956:Werner Lucas 8946:Viktor Bauer 8852:Hans Dammers 8798:Walter Oesau 8621:Walther Dahl 8460:Franz Schall 8212:Kurt Brändle 8123:Anton Hafner 8095:Hans Philipp 8057:Hermann Graf 8043:Heinrich Bär 8019:Wilhelm Batz 7970:Günther Rall 7856:Swords with 7837:Karl Willius 7781:(Oak Leaves) 7753:(Oak Leaves) 7736: 7707:"Schlageter" 7702: 7586:Walter Model 7520:Erwin Rommel 7504:Hermann Graf 7488: 7402:Heinrich Bär 7388: 7361: 7359: 7329: 7328: 7300: 7295: 7250: 7229: 7206: 7184: 7158: 7125: 7102: 7083: 7061: 7034: 7022: 7003: 6999: 6976: 6952: 6947: 6928: 6924: 6905: 6883: 6871: 6852: 6833: 6814: 6795: 6772: 6768: 6749: 6730: 6709: 6688: 6670: 6653: 6634: 6615: 6596: 6586: 6570:: Cerberus, 6563: 6544: 6525: 6499: 6476: 6457: 6434: 6430: 6408: 6388: 6368: 6347: 6344:Corum, James 6324: 6305: 6292: 6266: 6247: 6221: 6195: 6191: 6172: 6164:Bibliography 6150: 6138: 6111: 6099: 6087: 6075: 6063: 6011: 6004:Zabecki 2019 5999: 5987: 5958: 5946:. Retrieved 5941: 5932: 5920: 5911:the original 5905: 5899: 5887: 5860: 5848: 5836:. Retrieved 5831: 5822: 5810: 5803:Schmidt 2011 5749: 5737: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5689: 5677: 5665: 5653: 5646:Galland 1954 5641: 5629: 5617: 5605: 5593: 5581: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5514: 5502: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5439: 5427: 5415: 5403: 5359: 5352:Galland 1954 5347: 5335: 5308: 5296: 5284: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5173: 5161: 5149: 5137: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5089: 5062: 5035: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4968: 4956: 4884: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4836: 4792: 4780: 4751: 4724: 4712: 4700: 4688: 4681:Galland 1954 4676: 4664: 4652: 4640: 4628: 4616: 4609:Galland 1954 4604: 4592: 4580: 4568: 4556: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4508: 4501:Galland 1954 4496: 4489:Galland 1954 4484: 4472: 4460: 4448: 4426:Zentner 2001 4421: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4361: 4354:Zentner 2001 4335:Zentner 2001 4330: 4318: 4306: 4294: 4282: 4260:Galland 2005 4255: 4243: 4236:Galland 2005 4231: 4219: 4207: 4195: 4183: 4171: 4159: 4152:Zentner 2001 4147: 4140:Zentner 2001 4135: 4128:Zentner 2001 4123: 4111: 4099: 4072: 4045: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3944:, p. 6. 3942:Galland 1954 3937: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3874: 3845: 3833: 3828:, p. 4. 3791: 3779: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3731: 3726:, p. 3. 3702: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3659:Galland 1954 3654: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3594: 3574:, p. 2. 3552: 3540: 3533:Zabecki 2014 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3454:, p. 1. 3447: 3440:Galland 1954 3427:, p. v. 3420: 3408: 3383:Generalmajor 3382: 3377: 3364: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3321:Generalmajor 3319: 3306: 3293: 3280: 3267: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3195:of the III./ 3192: 3186: 3130: 3126: 3105: 3099: 3075: 3060: 3051: 3043: 2999: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2909:was to join 2907:West Germany 2900: 2890: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2850: 2832: 2824:Buenos Aires 2792: 2774: 2750: 2732: 2726: 2710: 2706: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2651: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2622: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2587: 2577:Kriegsmarine 2576: 2570: 2549: 2547: 2538:house arrest 2531: 2525: 2515: 2501: 2495: 2482: 2472: 2461: 2454: 2448: 2429: 2416: 2411:Albert Speer 2409:Galland and 2394: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2347: 2327: 2322: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2270: 2263: 2259:Erhard Milch 2240: 2231: 2226: 2212: 2208:Luftflotte 3 2200: 2195: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2139: 2137: 2110: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2077: 2068: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2037: 2009:Luftflotte 2 2002: 1981: 1977:Albert Speer 1964: 1962: 1952:sailed from 1948: 1942: 1936: 1924:Kriegsmarine 1922: 1910: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1870: 1864: 1861:71 Squadrons 1849: 1838: 1830: 1811: 1805: 1797:242 Squadron 1782: 1778: 1775:RAF Hawkinge 1768: 1761:Galland and 1744: 1722: 1704: 1690: 1688: 1680: 1663: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1625: 1623: 1608: 1600:Hugh Dowding 1592: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1552: 1543: 1537: 1535: 1525: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1498: 1479: 1450: 1439: 1423: 1417: 1396: 1394: 1380: 1376: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1319: 1315:Erhard Milch 1289: 1257:Gustav Rödel 1231:invaded the 1226: 1224: 1219: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1162: 1160: 1153: 1131:Adolf Hitler 1097: 1096:. Galland's 1088: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1043: 1037: 1030: 1015: 994:machine guns 979: 973: 960:Kriegsschule 959: 949: 940: 932: 931:to push for 910: 906: 901:Mickey Mouse 886: 881: 871: 865: 844: 837: 826: 821: 815: 782: 779: 772: 758: 737: 734:flying boats 732:to train on 723: 707: 701: 683: 671: 665: 660: 652: 642: 638: 606: 574: 566:house arrest 550: 539:Kriegsmarine 537: 531: 526: 520: 490: 477:Nationalists 453:Braunschweig 446: 420: 398:general and 391: 390: 364:Paul Galland 290:World War II 288: 282: 277: 272:Battles/wars 223: 149:Nazi Germany 98:(1996-02-09) 46: 25: 18: 9279:1996 deaths 9274:1912 births 8916:Emil Bitsch 8872:Helmut Lent 8738:Robert Weiß 8397:Kurt Tanzer 8168:Anton Hackl 7984:Otto Kittel 7915:flying aces 7794:Rolf Pingel 7758:Alfred Groß 7750:Adolf Glunz 7722:Karl Borris 7576:Helmut Lent 6240:Boog, Horst 6037:Berger 1999 5948:12 December 5942:Der Spiegel 5892:Mosley 1969 5865:Mosley 1969 5834:(in German) 5670:Kaplan 2007 5634:Kaplan 2007 5471:Parker 1998 5408:Parker 1998 5328:Kaplan 2007 5313:Parker 1998 5277:Kaplan 2007 5241:Boehme 1992 5205:Kaplan 2007 5178:Miller 2006 5142:Murray 1983 5130:Parker 1998 5106:Kaplan 2007 5082:Murray 1983 5067:Murray 1983 5055:Murray 1983 5040:Byford 2011 5028:Murray 1983 5004:Kaplan 2007 4992:Kaplan 2007 4973:Kaplan 2007 4961:Murray 1983 4949:Murray 1983 4934:Hooton 1994 4889:Murray 1983 4865:Hooton 1999 4829:Hooton 1999 4797:Hooton 1999 4773:Murray 1983 4756:Hooton 1999 4744:Murray 1983 4705:Kaplan 2007 4693:Murray 1983 4669:Kaplan 2007 4633:Franks 1998 4465:Franks 1997 4441:Murray 1983 4248:Kaplan 2007 4224:Kaplan 2007 3978:Murray 1983 3826:Kaplan 2007 3724:Kaplan 2007 3572:Kaplan 2007 3346:88, a four 3155:Wound Badge 3047:von Dönhoff 3026:Maxwell AFB 2646:Karl Koller 2623:Jagdverband 2440:Switzerland 2334:jet fighter 2301:influence. 2223:Innovations 1949:Prinz Eugen 1937:Scharnhorst 1751:Rudolf Hess 1670:James Corum 1666:Helmut Wick 1655:41 Squadron 1568:North Weald 1491:64 Squadron 1467:74 Squadron 1430:54 Squadron 1317:on 22 May. 1279:bombers to 1139:Polish Army 1094:Warta River 990:World War I 966:to a man." 925:dive bomber 866:During the 851:Arado Ar 68 787:Junkers G24 714:German Army 577:jet fighter 495:during the 437:, became a 410:and in the 278:See battles 54:Nickname(s) 45:Galland as 9268:Categories 9255:Quotations 9040:Egon Mayer 8896:Kurt Ubben 8788:Jakob Norz 8758:Erich Leie 8641:Franz Dörr 8430:Karl Gratz 8387:Albin Wolf 7642:Karl Mauss 7375:Carl Vieck 7301:Schlageter 7037:. London: 5992:Baker 1996 5980:Baker 1996 5963:Baker 1996 5925:Baker 1996 5880:Baker 1996 5853:Baker 1996 5838:7 February 5788:Corum 2011 5769:Baker 1996 5754:Baker 1996 5742:Baker 1996 5730:Baker 1996 5718:Baker 1996 5706:Baker 1996 5682:Baker 1996 5622:Baker 1996 5586:Baker 1996 5574:Price 1991 5550:Baker 1996 5519:Baker 1996 5507:Baker 1996 5495:Baker 1996 5432:Price 1991 5381:Overy 2013 5301:Price 1991 5253:Uziel 2011 5166:Price 1991 5016:Baker 1996 4904:Overy 1980 4812:Corum 2008 4645:Baker 1996 4597:Baker 1996 4585:Baker 1996 4573:Baker 1996 4549:Baker 1996 4453:Baker 1996 4414:Corum 2008 4402:Baker 1996 4378:Mason 1969 4323:Baker 1996 4311:Price 1990 4299:Price 1990 4287:Baker 1996 4275:Overy 2010 4200:Mason 1969 4188:Mason 1969 4164:Baker 1996 4116:Baker 1996 4104:Mason 1969 4077:Baker 1996 4050:Baker 1996 4038:Baker 1996 4026:Baker 1996 4014:Baker 1996 4002:Baker 1996 3990:Baker 1996 3954:Baker 1996 3930:Baker 1996 3915:Baker 1996 3850:Baker 1996 3838:Baker 1996 3811:Baker 1996 3796:Baker 1996 3784:Baker 1996 3772:Baker 1996 3748:Baker 1996 3736:Baker 1996 3707:Feist 1993 3695:Baker 1996 3683:Baker 1996 3671:Baker 1996 3647:Baker 1996 3635:Baker 1996 3623:Baker 1996 3611:Baker 1996 3599:Baker 1996 3587:Baker 1996 3545:Baker 1996 3452:Baker 1996 3425:Baker 1996 3413:Baker 1996 3396:References 3344:Jagdgruppe 3311:(Colonel) 3285:(Captain) 3257:Promotions 3167:Iron Cross 2935:Juan Perón 2902:Bundeswehr 2374:Geschwader 2367:role. The 2357:Geschwader 2079:Since the 1921:) for the 1888:'s funeral 1886:Ernst Udet 1865:Geschwader 1812:Werknummer 1729:Le Touquet 1705:Geschwader 1562:at 09:42. 1503:bailed out 1483:Folkestone 1425:Kanalkampf 1156:rheumatism 1143:Iron Cross 1098:Geschwader 1044:Geschwader 1002:drop tanks 921:Ernst Udet 887:Jagdgruppe 846:Geschwader 807:Marseilles 730:Warnemünde 726:Baltic Sea 694:Luft Hansa 666:Under the 613:Westphalia 603:Early life 457:Reichswehr 443:Luft Hansa 423:Westerholt 400:flying ace 183:Reichsheer 124:Allegiance 103:Oberwinter 75:Westerholt 68:1912-03-19 9208:Biography 8926:Hans Hahn 8262:Emil Lang 8192:Max Stotz 6662:1243-8650 6429:(2000) . 6372:. Brill. 5289:Weal 1996 3966:Weal 1999 3867:Weal 1999 3401:Citations 3282:Hauptmann 3055:godfather 3006:Sandhurst 2978:(Fatty). 2976:Die Dicke 2905:now that 2893:Amt Blank 2816:Argentina 2800:Kurt Tank 2789:Argentina 2770:Innsbruck 2762:Tegernsee 2758:Communist 2747:Surrender 2743:in 1979. 2572:Waffen SS 2462:Jagdkorps 2395:Sturmbock 2390:Sturmbock 2382:Sturmbock 2369:Sturmbock 2365:Sturmbock 2361:Sturmbock 2323:Jagdwaffe 2291:Jagdwaffe 2188:, as the 2178:Jagdkorps 2161:Jagdkorps 1965:Jagdwaffe 1943:Gneisenau 1749:flown by 1626:Wehrmacht 1560:Cambridge 1515:Karinhall 1363:included 1241:Fall Gelb 1228:Wehrmacht 1062:Hauptmann 1007:Fall Grün 880:unit, 3. 811:Luftwaffe 795:Barcelona 791:Stuttgart 783:Lufthansa 686:Gymnasium 585:Argentina 534:air cover 485:doctrinal 471:and flew 433:, in the 396:Luftwaffe 378:Signature 356:Relations 215:1932–1955 195:Luftwaffe 164:(1947–55) 162:Argentina 151:(1933–45) 109:, Germany 9196:Aviation 7211:ABC-Clio 7183:(2014). 7143:citation 7082:(2011). 7060:(1999), 7033:(2000). 6954:Archives 6904:(1990), 6882:(1991), 6524:(1997), 6346:(2008). 6304:(2007), 6220:(2015). 3298:(Major) 3269:Leutnant 3157:in Black 3133:, Spain) 2927:neo-Nazi 2784:Post-war 2766:Salzburg 2397:attack. 2186:Big Week 2034:in Italy 2013:Sardinia 1487:Sergeant 1413:Caffiers 1385:Fall Rot 1357:Staffels 1216:Max Ibel 1170:adjutant 617:Huguenot 536:for the 499:and the 258:Commands 169:Service/ 9182:Portals 8369:100–149 8146:150–199 8011:200–249 7962:250–299 7400:Oberst 7341:Oberst 7321:Oberst 7271:of the 7267:in the 3169:(1939) 3079:Remagen 2835:Spanish 2812:Denmark 2655:General 2603:Staffel 2512:Gestapo 2106:Hamburg 2017:Corsica 1845:St Omer 1816:ripcord 1779:Staffel 1435:Split S 1381:Staffel 1313:) from 1261:wingman 1259:as his 1212:Staffel 1122:Vistula 1073:of II./ 1071:Staffel 976:Morocco 964:sparrow 935:wings. 917:Brunete 882:Staffel 818:Dresden 649:Münster 645:Haltern 625:bailiff 459:of the 9163: 7867: 7310:Major 7288:Major 7217: 7191: 7169: 7132: 7113: 7090: 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