315:. After the election, if the House again passes the bill, but the deadlock between the Houses persists, then the Governor-General may convene a joint sitting of both Houses, where a final decision will be taken on the bill. Although the House and the Senate sit as a single body, bills passed at a joint sitting are treated as if they had been passed by each chamber separately. The procedure only applies if the bill originated in the House of Representatives. Six double dissolutions have occurred, though a joint sitting was only held once, in
658:
2378:
2392:
36:
681:. Public acts apply to the whole of the UK or a number of its constituent countries – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Private acts are local and personal in their effect, giving special powers to bodies such as local authorities or making exceptions to the law in particular geographic areas.
586:
Second stage – this involves a discussion of the general principle of the bill. It is introduced by the sponsoring minister (or in the case of a private member's bill, by the member) and is followed by contributions from the floor of the house. Finally, the debate is brought to a conclusion by voting
310:
Disagreement between the Houses: Often, when a bill cannot be passed in the same form by both Houses, it is "laid aside", i.e. abandoned. There is also a special constitutional procedure allowing the passage of the bill without the separate agreement of both houses. If the House twice passes the same
860:
The numerical citation of acts has also changed over time. The original method was based on the regnal year (or years) in which the relevant parliamentary session met. This has been replaced in most territories by simple reference to the calendar year, with the first act passed being chapter 1, and
844:
did not originally have titles, and could only be formally cited by reference to the parliamentary session in which they were passed, with each individual act being identified by year and chapter number. Descriptive titles began to be added to the enrolled acts by the official clerks, as a reference
688:
Pre-legislative scrutiny: Not undertaken for all bills; usually a joint committee of both houses will review a bill and vote on amendments that the government can either accept or reject. The report from this stage can be influential in later stages as rejected recommendations from the committee are
449:
The debate on each stage is actually debate on a specific motion. For the first reading, there is no debate. For the second reading, the motion is "That this bill be now read a second time and be referred to " and for third reading "That this bill be now read a third time and pass." In the
Committee
437:
Passage: The bill is then sent to the other House (to the Senate, if it originated in the House of
Commons; to the Commons, if it is a Senate bill), where it will face a virtually identical process. If the other House amends the bill, the bill and amendments are sent back to the original House for a
594:
Fourth stage, commonly referred to as the Report Stage. At this point, a version of the bill incorporating any changes made at the
Committee Stage is printed for consideration. In both houses, this stage is taken on the floor of the chamber. Amendments may be considered at this stage but must arise
590:
Third stage, commonly referred to as the
Committee Stage. This involves section by section scrutiny of the bill and any amendments which have been tabled. In the Dáil this usually takes place in a committee room and will involve examination by one of the select committees. In the Seanad, this stage
306:
Consideration of Senate/Representatives amendments: The House in which the bill originated considers the amendments made in the other House. It may agree to them, amend them, propose other amendments in lieu, or reject them. However, the Senate may not amend money bills, though it can "request" the
249:
In bicameral parliaments, a bill that has been approved by the chamber into which it was introduced then sends the bill to the other chamber. Broadly speaking, each chamber must separately agree to the same version of the bill. Finally, the approved bill receives assent; in most territories this is
813:
First reading: The bill is introduced to the government, usually by the members of parliament. The unicameral parliament will then discuss the bill, followed by a vote. Voting must be at least half ayes for non-controversial bills and two-thirds ayes for controversial ones. If the bill passes the
298:
Passage: The bill is then sent to the other House (to the Senate, if it originated in the House of
Representatives; to the House of Representatives, if it is a Senate bill), which may amend it. If the other House amends the bill, the bill and amendments are posted back to the original House for a
769:
Introduction: The bill is introduced to the parliament together with its accompanying documents – explanatory notes, a policy memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a financial memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the presiding
420:
The committee considers each clause of the bill, and may make amendments to it. Significant amendments may be made at the committee stage. In some cases, whole groups of clauses are inserted or removed. However, if the
Government holds a majority, almost all the amendments which are agreed to in
441:
Consideration of Senate/Commons amendments: The House in which the bill originated considers the amendments made in the other House. It may agree to them, amend them, propose other amendments in lieu or reject them. If each House insists on disagreeing with the other, the Bill is
820:
Select committee: The select committee consists of people not only from the parliaments, but also the people who could be affected by the bill is passed into law. This is to ensure equality and that the bill is fair for all. If the bill is in favour, it will proceed to the third
792:
Royal assent: After the bill has been passed, the presiding officer submits it to the monarch for royal assent. However, he cannot do so until a four-week period has elapsed during which the law officers of the
Scottish government or the UK government can refer the bill to the
311:
bill, and the Senate twice fails to pass that bill (either through rejection or through the passage of unacceptable amendments), then the
Governor-General may dissolve both Houses of Parliament simultaneously and call an election for the entire Parliament. This is called a
773:
Stage one: The bill is considered by one or more of the subject committees of the parliament, which normally take evidence from the bill's promoter and other interested parties before reporting to the parliament on the principles of the bill. Other committees, notably the
537:): After a bill, other than a money bill, is transmitted to the other house, it goes through all the stages in that house as that in the first house. But if the bill passed by one house is amended by the other house, it goes back to the originating house.
4612:
868:). Each act is numbered consecutively based on the date it received royal assent, for example the 43rd act passed in 1980 would be 1980 chapter 43. The full reference includes the (short) title and would be the Magistrate's Court Act 1980 (c. 43).
322:
The bill is sent to the viceroy (the
Governor-General for the Commonwealth; the Governor for a State; the Administrator for a Territory) for the royal assent. Certain bills must be reserved by the viceroy for the King's personal assent. Acts in the
708:
Consideration (or report) stage: This takes place on the floor of the House, and is a further opportunity to amend the bill. Unlike committee stage, the House need not consider every clause of the bill, only those to which amendments have been
245:
Once introduced, a bill must go through a number of stages before it can become law. In theory, this allows the bill's provisions to be debated in detail, and for amendments to the original bill to also be introduced, debated, and agreed to.
421:
committee will have been tabled by the
Government to correct deficiencies in the bill or to enact changes to policy made since the bill was introduced (or, in some cases, to import material which was not ready when the bill was presented).
788:
Stage three: The bill as amended by the committee returns to the full parliament. There is a further opportunity for amendment, followed by a debate on the whole bill, at the end of which the parliament decides whether to pass the
601:
Passage in the other house: the same stages are repeated in the other house and the bill is then deemed to have been passed, except that any bill initiated in the Dáil and amended by the Seanad must return to the Dáil for final
307:
House to make amendments. A bill may pass backward and forward several times at this stage, as each House amends or rejects changes proposed by the other. If each House insists on disagreeing with the other, the Bill is lost.
636:
Third reading: Summarising arguments are made, and a final vote is taken. If the bill is approved, it is passed to the Governor-General for royal assent. New Zealand has no upper house, and so no further approval is
518:– introduction stage: Any member, or member-in-charge of the bill seeks the leave of the house to introduce a bill. If the bill is an important one, the minister may make a brief speech, stating its main features.
831:
President Assent: The president must give permission in order for the bill to be passed. If they approve it, it will become a statute passed down by the members of parliament which is called an Act of Parliament.
775:
530:– voting stage: This stage is confined only to arguments either in support of the bill or for its rejection as a whole, without referring to its details. After the bill is passed, it is sent to the other house.
704:
Committee stage: This usually takes place in a public bill committee in the Commons and on the floor of the House in the Lords. The committee considers each clause of the bill, and may make amendments to
484:
bills, and are introduced at the beginning of each session in order to assert the right of each Chamber to manage its own affairs. They are introduced and read a first time, and then are dropped from the
627:
Select committee stage: The bill is considered by a Select Committee, which scrutinises the bill in detail and hears public submissions on the matter. The Committee may recommend amendments to the bill.
450:
stage, each clause is called and motions for amendments to these clauses, or that the clause stand part of the bill are made. In the Report stage, the debate is on the motions for specific amendments.
191:", setting out the issues and the way in which the proposed new law is intended to deal with them. A bill may also be introduced into parliament without formal government backing; this is known as a
824:
Third reading: After the select committee has discussed and are in favour of the bill, they will put it to a vote. At this juncture, if the votes are more than half ayes, it will be sent to the
2905:
1041:
583:
First stage – private members must seek the permission of the house to introduce a bill. Government bills do not require approval and are therefore introduced at the second stage.
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3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
388:: The standing committee is a permanent one; each committee deals with bills in specific subject areas. Canada's standing committees are similar to the UK's select committees.
938:
445:
Disagreement between the Houses: There is no specific procedure under which the Senate's disagreement can be overruled by the Commons. The Senate's rejection is absolute.
817:
Second reading: In this stage, the bill is further discussed and put to a second vote. If more than half of the votes are ayes the bill proceeds to the select committee.
371:
is usually approved. A defeat for a Government bill on this reading signifies a major loss. If the bill is read a second time, then it progresses to the committee stage.
880:
3395:
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3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
695:: This is a formality; no vote occurs. The bill is presented and ordered to be printed and, in the case of private members' bills, a date is set for second reading.
3424:
3419:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2515:
2510:
2505:
1015:
187:, most bills that have any possibility of becoming law are introduced into parliament by the government. This will usually happen following the publication of a "
845:
aid; over time, titles came to be included within the text of each bill. Since the mid-nineteenth century, it has also become common practice for acts to have a
397:
292:
Consideration in detail: This usually takes place on the floor of the House. Generally, committees sit on the floor of the House and consider the bill in detail.
801:
There are special procedures for emergency bills, member's bills (similar to private member's bills in the UK Parliament), committee bills, and private bills.
605:
Signature: once the bill has passed both houses it is sent to the President for signature. The signed copy is then enrolled in the Office of the Supreme Court.
282:
First reading: This stage is a mere formality; it involves the reading of the title of the proposed bill and distribution of the bill to members of parliament.
289:
is usually approved. A defeat for a government bill on this reading signifies a major loss. If the bill is read a second time, it is then considered in detail
718:
Passage: The bill is then sent to the other House (to the Lords, if it originated in the Commons; to the Commons, if it is a Lords bill), which may amend it.
428:: this takes place on the floor of the appropriate chamber, and allows the House or Senate to approve amendments made in committee, or to propose new ones.
721:
Consideration of Lords/Commons amendments: The House in which the bill originated considers the amendments made in the other House. This may continue for
285:
Second reading: As in the UK, the stage involves a debate on the general principles of the bill and is followed by a vote. Again, the second reading of a
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3085:
3080:
3075:
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4700:
865:
630:
Second reading: The general principles of the bill are debated, and a vote is held. If the bill is approved, it is put before a Committee of the House.
316:
562:
in 1986, over the postal act where the government wanted to open postal letters without warrant. If the president returns it for reconsideration, the
4665:
3414:
770:
officer and the member in charge of the bill are also lodged, indicating whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the parliament.
4737:
4693:
400:: Similar to a special committee in that it is established for the consideration of a particular bill. The chairmanship is determined by the
1051:
4640:
203:
4751:
1028:
It has now been published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part-II, Section-1, dated the 13th September 2013 as Act No. 22 of 2013
164:, which the legislature votes on. Depending on the structure of government, this text may then be subject to assent or approval from the
781:
Stage two: The bill returns to the subject committee where it is subject to line-by-line scrutiny and amendment. This is similar to the
4676:
3106:
1080:
4681:
907:
401:
2444:
2359:
337:
989:
100:
1171:
579:, bills pass through the following stages. Bills may be initiated in either the Dáil or the Seanad, and must pass both houses.
215:
72:
4781:
948:
312:
202:
parliament, most bills may be first introduced in any chamber. However, certain types of legislation are required, either by
4688:
749:
715:: A debate on the final text of the bill, as amended in the House of Lords. Further amendments may be tabled at this stage.
231:
794:
591:
takes place in the chamber. The Seanad may only make recommendations rather than amendments, in the case of a money bill.
472:. They are preceded by C- if they originate in the House of Commons, or S- if they originate in the Senate. For example,
79:
598:
Fifth stage: in practice this is a formality, taken with the fourth stage and referred to as the Report and Final Stage.
4635:
3434:
53:
633:
Committee of the House: The bill is debated and voted on, clause by clause, by the whole House sitting as a committee.
615:
1785:
1343:
1242:
119:
17:
180:. In other words, a bill is a proposed law that needs to be discussed in the parliament before it can become a law.
1899:
1768:
554:
and becomes an Act from the date of his assent. If he withholds his assent, the bill is dropped, which is known as
86:
544:
for his approval. The President can assent or withhold his assent to a bill or he can return a bill, other than a
295:
Third reading: A debate on the final text of the bill, as amended. Very rarely do debates occur during this stage.
2354:
1701:
1602:
4660:
1861:
1495:
778:, may also feed in at this stage. The report from the committee is followed by a debate in the full parliament.
760:
57:
68:
4764:
1214:
4718:
2437:
2021:
1500:
624:
First reading: MPs debate and vote on the bill. If a bill is approved, it passes on to the committee stage.
498:
324:
394:: A committee established for a particular purpose, be it the examination of a bill or a particular issue.
4802:
2016:
385:
464:
Bills being reviewed by Parliament are assigned numbers: 2 to 200 for government bills, 201 to 1000 for
265:(when it is known as a "draft"), or by the parliament (a "proposition", i.e., a private member's bill).
2520:
1991:
1490:
1181:
454:
375:
219:
809:
In Singapore, the bill passes through these certain stages before becoming into an Act of Parliament.
524:– discussion stage: This stage consists of detailed consideration of the bill and proposed amendments.
4759:
2453:
2074:
1117:
Levy, Jessica (July 2010), "Public Bill Committees: An Assessment Scrutiny Sought; Scrutiny Gained",
410:: The whole house sits as a committee in the House of Commons or Senate. Most often used to consider
1187:
1130:
Mitchell, James (January 1, 2010). "The Narcissism of Small Differences: Scotland and Westminster".
558:. The pocket veto is not written in the constitution and has only been exercised once, by President
3122:
2467:
1869:
1851:
963:
465:
192:
2203:
461:. Although the Governor General can refuse to assent a bill, this power has never been exercised.
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722:
46:
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2981:
2299:
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93:
261:, Spain and Portugal, the term for a bill differs depending on whether it is initiated by the
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1996:
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286:
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8:
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864:
In the United Kingdom, legislation has referenced by year and chapter number since 1963 (
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must do so, but if it is passed again and returned to him, he must give his assent to it.
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411:
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137:
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Royal assent: the bill is passed with any amendments and becomes an act of Parliament.
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2079:
2001:
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1289:
1207:
1166:
Acts of the UK Parliament and statutory instruments are available free on-line under
944:
912:
477:
391:
227:
979:, Canadian Public Administration, Jan 1, 1999, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Winter 1999), p. 398.
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or by law, to be introduced into a specific chamber. For example, bills imposing a
540:
President's approval: When a bill is passed by both the houses, it is sent to the
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684:
In the United Kingdom Parliament, each bill passes through the following stages:
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Once a bill has passed both Houses in an identical form, it is presented to the
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404:, rather than elected by the members of the committee. Not used in the Senate.
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2011:
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A graphic representation of the legislative procedure in the United Kingdom
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1074:"The Role of the Houses of the Oireachtas in the Scrutiny of Legislation"
849:, as a convenient alternative to the sometimes lengthy main titles. The
846:
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534:
486:
374:
Committee stage: This usually takes place in a standing committee of the
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141:
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701:: A debate on the general principles of the bill is followed by a vote.
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300:
262:
258:
161:
149:
303:'s Parliament is unicameral and skips this and the rest of the stages.
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In the Scottish Parliament, bills pass through the following stages:
350:
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35:
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1911:
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for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the parliament.
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1834:
1650:
1612:
1560:
1175:
153:
2328:
2181:
1926:
1817:
1812:
1758:
1429:
1188:
Acts of the Commonwealth Parliament of Australia: ComLaw.gov.au
857:, gave short titles to many acts which previously lacked them.
507:, every bill passes through following stages before it becomes
673:
and part of statute law. There are two types of bill and act,
620:
In New Zealand, the bill passes through the following stages:
595:
from matters discussed or changes made at the Committee Stage.
548:. If the President gives his assent, the bill is published in
2269:
2213:
2119:
1960:
1763:
1262:
977:
Democracy and the Canadian House of Commons at the millennium
278:
In Australia, the bill passes through the following stages:
250:
merely a formality and is often a function exercised by the
2151:
2099:
1955:
1353:
1269:
879:
were numbered in a continuous sequence from 1857; thus the
364:
363:
on the general principles of the bill and is followed by a
587:
on the proposal "that the bill now be read a second time".
1223:
342:
In Canada, the bill passes through the following stages:
207:
982:
1192:
230:
as a matter of law. Conversely, bills proposed by the
476:
was a private member's bill introduced in the House.
434:: A debate on the final text of the bill, as amended.
616:
New Zealand Parliament § Passage of legislation
4727:
646:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
866:Acts of Parliament Numbering and Citation Act 1962
669:; when this is passed by Parliament it becomes an
1016:"Amendments to Sebi Act gets Presidential assent"
4794:
1182:Parliamentary Stages of a Government Bill (pdf)
257:In some countries, such as in France, Belgium,
835:
776:Finance and Subordinate Legislation Committees
3441:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2438:
1208:
1184:from the House of Commons Information Office.
160:of government, acts of parliament begin as a
4641:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919
743:
732:
4677:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales
943:. Oxford University Press. pp. 23–25.
814:vote it will proceed to the second reading.
4701:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland
2445:
2431:
1215:
1201:
1033:
1104:Robert Rogers and Rhodri Walters (2006),
1098:
936:
908:List of legislation in the United Kingdom
665:A draft piece of legislation is called a
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3439:Great Britain and Ireland and the United
2360:History of the American legal profession
1066:
930:
656:
338:List of acts of the Parliament of Canada
176:A draft act of parliament is known as a
414:, but can be used to consider any bill.
14:
4795:
1108:, 6th edition, Pearson Longman, p. 190
754:
4689:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
2426:
1196:
1039:
992:. Parliament of India. Archived from
937:Gillespie, Alisdair (18 April 2013).
359:: As in the UK, the stage involves a
4760:United Kingdom statutory instruments
966:- Senate.gov. Retrieved 23 May 2023
828:. This is known as President Assent.
750:Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
795:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
24:
2452:
25:
4819:
1344:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1160:
964:Constitution of the United States
641:
367:. Again, the second reading of a
140:, is a text of law passed by the
2391:
2390:
2376:
647:Parliament of the United Kingdom
218:in the United Kingdom, Canada's
34:
4661:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
2355:History of the legal profession
1124:
45:needs additional citations for
4765:Scottish statutory instruments
1154:www.publications.parliament.uk
1111:
969:
957:
761:Act of the Scottish Parliament
609:
13:
1:
4782:Church of England instruments
2461:Pre-parliamentary legislation
918:
871:Until the 1980s, acts of the
575:In the Irish Parliament, the
509:an Act of Parliament of India
2492:the Kingdom of Great Britain
1040:Gupta, V. P. (26 Aug 2002).
923:
804:
499:Lawmaking procedure in India
325:Australian Capital Territory
299:further stage. The State of
273:
268:
156:). In most countries with a
7:
990:"How A Bill Becomes an Act"
886:
836:Titles and citation of acts
238:traditionally start in the
10:
4826:
2022:International legal theory
1501:International slavery laws
1496:International human rights
1491:International criminal law
1141:
853:, and its replacement the
758:
747:
736:
650:
613:
570:
496:
335:
214:, are introduced into the
27:Law passed by a parliament
4750:
4709:
4649:
4625:
3433:
3404:
3120:Acts of Parliament of the
3119:
3099:
2498:
2486:
2460:
2370:
2347:
2237:
2075:Administration of justice
2060:
1969:
1860:
1739:
1641:
1362:
1230:
744:Northern Ireland Assembly
733:Senedd (Welsh Parliament)
533:Bill in the other house (
331:
327:do not require this step.
204:constitutional convention
3437:of the United Kingdom of
3123:Kingdom of Great Britain
2468:List of English statutes
1852:Basic structure doctrine
1702:Natural and legal rights
1583:Public international law
940:The English Legal System
881:Age of Majority Act 1977
492:
171:
2906:Interregnum (1642–1660)
2032:Principle of typicality
1506:International trade law
1222:
689:revived to be voted on.
349:: This stage is a mere
226:of India and Ireland's
3100:Parliament of Scotland
1042:"The President's role"
883:was No. 9075 of 1977.
826:President of Singapore
662:
653:Act of Parliament (UK)
466:private member's bills
408:Committee of the Whole
198:In territories with a
183:In territories with a
4752:Secondary legislation
3407:Parliament of Ireland
2499:Parliament of England
2027:Principle of legality
1786:Delegated legislation
1486:Intellectual property
1132:Parliamentary Affairs
1119:Parliamentary Affairs
855:Short Titles Act 1896
851:Short Titles Act 1892
842:Parliament of England
785:in the UK Parliament.
660:
398:Legislative committee
193:private member's bill
4673:Acts of Senedd Cymru
4604:European Communities
2473:Charter of Liberties
2245:Barristers' chambers
2187:Legal representation
2125:Justice of the peace
1471:Financial regulation
1106:How Parliament Works
551:The Gazette of India
158:parliamentary system
54:improve this article
4578:Halsbury's Statutes
2490:of states preceding
2488:Acts of parliaments
2280:Election commission
1992:Expressive function
1521:Landlord–tenant law
1420:Consumer protection
903:Halsbury's Statutes
840:Acts passed by the
755:Scottish Parliament
739:Act of Senedd Cymru
505:Parliament of India
412:appropriation bills
236:consolidation bills
138:primary legislation
69:"Act of parliament"
4803:Westminster system
4584:Legislation.gov.uk
3435:Acts of Parliament
2238:Legal institutions
2105:Lawsuit/Litigation
2095:Dispute resolution
1900:Catholic canon law
1608:State of emergency
1571:Will and testament
1295:Law of obligations
1248:Constitutional law
1238:Administrative law
1176:legislation.gov.uk
1047:The Times of India
1018:. PTI. 18 Sep 2013
663:
468:, and 1001 up for
386:Standing committee
313:double dissolution
212:public expenditure
185:Westminster system
4790:
4789:
4775:Acts of Adjournal
4746:
4745:
4738:1972–2009/2015–16
4711:Orders in Council
4627:Church of England
4621:
4620:
3115:
3114:
2982:Habeas Corpus Act
2893:Petition of Right
2420:
2419:
2080:Constitutionalism
2002:Law and economics
1840:Act of parliament
1578:Product liability
1531:Legal archaeology
1456:Environmental law
1450:Entertainment law
1290:International law
1172:National Archives
975:Smith, Jennifer.
950:978-0-19-965709-4
913:Table of contents
478:Bills C-1 and S-1
392:Special committee
134:act of parliament
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Act of Parliament
16:(Redirected from
4815:
4770:Acts of Sederunt
4730:Northern Ireland
4725:
4724:
4598:relating to the
4595:
4594:
2496:
2495:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2381:
2380:
2204:Question of fact
2085:Criminal justice
1415:Construction law
1410:Conflict of laws
1375:Agricultural law
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1086:on 25 April 2016
1085:
1079:. Archived from
1078:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1037:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
986:
980:
973:
967:
961:
955:
954:
934:
455:Governor General
220:House of Commons
216:House of Commons
166:executive branch
142:legislative body
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
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4723:
4705:
4650:Legislation of
4645:
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3111:
3095:
2491:
2482:
2456:
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2421:
2416:
2389:
2375:
2366:
2343:
2334:Political party
2307:Legal education
2295:Law enforcement
2275:Court of equity
2233:
2209:Question of law
2162:Practice of law
2142:Judicial review
2056:
2007:Legal formalism
1987:Comparative law
1982:Contract theory
1965:
1885:Legal pluralism
1856:
1845:Act of Congress
1769:Executive order
1735:
1637:
1556:Nationality law
1481:Immigration law
1405:Competition law
1358:
1226:
1221:
1168:Crown copyright
1163:
1158:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1116:
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1103:
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1089:
1087:
1083:
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1072:
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1057:
1055:
1054:on 16 June 2012
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898:Legislative act
893:Act of Congress
889:
838:
807:
783:committee stage
763:
757:
752:
746:
741:
735:
655:
649:
644:
618:
612:
573:
501:
495:
457:, who gives it
369:government bill
340:
334:
287:government bill
276:
271:
210:, or involving
174:
136:, as a form of
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115:
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3018:
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3009:Bill of Rights
3001:
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2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2454:UK legislation
2450:
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2386:
2383:Law portal
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1726:Legal treatise
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1692:Letters patent
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1161:External links
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1121:63(3), p. 534.
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803:
799:
798:
790:
786:
779:
771:
759:Main article:
756:
753:
748:Main article:
745:
742:
737:Main article:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
723:several rounds
719:
716:
710:
706:
702:
699:Second reading
696:
690:
651:Main article:
648:
645:
643:
642:United Kingdom
640:
639:
638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
602:consideration.
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
572:
569:
568:
567:
538:
531:
525:
522:Second reading
519:
497:Main article:
494:
491:
447:
446:
443:
439:
438:further stage.
435:
429:
418:
417:
416:
415:
405:
395:
389:
372:
357:Second reading
354:
333:
330:
329:
328:
320:
308:
304:
296:
293:
290:
283:
275:
272:
270:
267:
240:House of Lords
232:Law Commission
173:
170:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4821:
4820:
4809:
4808:Statutory law
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:Temp. incert.
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Civil society
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Trier of fact
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:Legal opinion
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Court-martial
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2062:Jurisprudence
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Statutory law
1949:
1947:
1946:Socialist law
1944:
1940:
1939:Byzantine law
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:Religious law
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1862:Legal systems
1859:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:Statutory law
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Statutory law
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Transport law
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Legal fiction
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Financial law
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Corporate law
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Statutory law
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:Core subjects
1229:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1134:63(1), p. 98.
1133:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1017:
1011:
996:on 2015-05-16
995:
991:
985:
978:
972:
965:
960:
952:
946:
942:
941:
933:
929:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
884:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
843:
830:
827:
823:
819:
816:
812:
811:
810:
802:
796:
791:
787:
784:
780:
777:
772:
768:
767:
766:
762:
751:
740:
727:
724:
720:
717:
714:
713:Third reading
711:
707:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:First reading
691:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
659:
654:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
621:
617:
604:
600:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:
581:
580:
578:
565:
561:
557:
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110:February 2011
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4719:1994 to date
4654:institutions
4613:1972 to date
4589:Short titles
4576:
3405:Acts of the
2904:
2521:
2487:
2409:
2402:
2388:
2374:
2147:Jurisdiction
2115:Legal remedy
2070:Adjudication
1970:Legal theory
1839:
1808:Ratification
1803:Promulgation
1774:Proclamation
1754:Codification
1687:Human rights
1675:Divine right
1665:Constitution
1633:Women in law
1551:Military law
1546:Marriage law
1541:Maritime law
1440:Election law
1380:Aviation law
1370:Abortion law
1322:Property law
1258:Criminal law
1131:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1045:
1035:
1027:
1022:23 September
1020:. Retrieved
1010:
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994:the original
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459:royal assent
452:
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426:Report stage
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200:multicameral
197:
182:
175:
146:jurisdiction
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2478:Magna Carta
2319:Legislature
2250:Bureaucracy
2047:Rule of man
2042:Rule of law
2017:Libertarian
1880:Chinese law
1781:Legislation
1731:Regulations
1719:Law reports
1697:Natural law
1593:Reparations
1588:Refugee law
1511:Jurimetrics
1452:(Media law)
1390:Banking law
1385:Amnesty law
1363:Disciplines
1300:Private law
1000:24 December
847:short title
610:New Zealand
556:pocket veto
535:Rajya Sabha
487:Order Paper
189:white paper
4797:Categories
4602:(formerly
2312:Law school
2192:Prosecutor
2130:Magistrate
1917:Jewish law
1875:Common law
1796:Rulemaking
1791:Regulation
1741:Law making
1680:Divine law
1656:Legal code
1603:Sports law
1526:Law of war
1476:Health law
1461:Family law
1445:Energy law
1395:Bankruptcy
1332:Punishment
1327:Public law
1090:22 January
919:References
873:Australian
637:necessary.
614:See also:
577:Oireachtas
564:Parliament
560:Zail Singh
546:money bill
474:Bill C-250
336:See also:
301:Queensland
263:government
259:Luxembourg
150:parliament
80:newspapers
3425:1751–1800
3420:1701–1750
3216:1760–1764
3211:1755–1759
3206:1750–1754
3201:1745–1749
3196:1740–1744
3191:1735–1739
3186:1730–1734
3181:1725–1729
3176:1720–1724
3171:1715–1719
2548:1422–1460
2543:1413–1421
2538:1399–1411
2533:1377–1397
2528:1327–1376
2516:1308–1325
2511:1275–1307
2506:1225–1267
2290:Judiciary
2285:Executive
2260:The bench
2197:Solicitor
2172:Barrister
2052:Sociology
2037:Pseudolaw
1977:Anarchist
1934:Roman law
1922:Parsi law
1907:Hindu law
1895:Canon law
1870:Civil law
1823:Concordat
1714:Precedent
1623:Trust law
1598:Space law
1435:Drugs law
1305:Procedure
1243:Civil law
1058:4 January
924:Citations
875:state of
805:Singapore
542:President
482:pro forma
351:formality
274:Australia
269:Procedure
224:Lok Sabha
148:(often a
4652:devolved
4629:measures
2397:Category
2339:Tribunal
2324:Military
2167:Attorney
2137:Judgment
1997:Feminist
1912:Jain law
1709:Case law
1430:Cyberlaw
1337:Corporal
1315:Criminal
1285:Evidence
1275:Doctrine
1253:Contract
887:See also
877:Victoria
821:reading.
3415:to 1700
3107:to 1707
2411:Outline
2348:History
2255:The bar
2229:Verdict
2177:Counsel
2157:Justice
2012:History
1835:Statute
1651:Charter
1613:Tax law
1561:Probate
1147:General
1142:Sources
861:so on.
709:tabled.
679:private
571:Ireland
503:In the
402:Speaker
376:Commons
154:council
94:scholar
2329:Police
2300:Agency
2182:Lawyer
1927:Sharia
1818:Treaty
1813:Repeal
1759:Decree
1670:Custom
1566:Estate
1516:Labour
1280:Equity
1170:terms
947:
675:public
380:Senate
361:debate
332:Canada
96:
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2404:Index
2270:Court
2214:Trial
2120:Judge
1961:Yassa
1764:Edict
1310:Civil
1263:Crime
1084:(PDF)
1077:(PDF)
789:bill.
493:India
442:lost.
172:Bills
144:of a
101:JSTOR
87:books
4728:for
4694:List
4682:List
4675:and
4666:List
4636:List
4569:2024
4564:2023
4559:2022
4554:2021
4549:2020
4544:2019
4539:2018
4534:2017
4529:2016
4524:2015
4519:2014
4514:2013
4509:2012
4504:2011
4499:2010
4494:2009
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4484:2007
4479:2006
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4406:1992
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4396:1990
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4376:1986
4371:1985
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4346:1980
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4036:1918
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4026:1916
4021:1915
4016:1914
4011:1913
4006:1912
4001:1911
3996:1910
3991:1909
3986:1908
3981:1907
3976:1906
3971:1905
3966:1904
3961:1903
3956:1902
3951:1901
3946:1900
3938:1899
3933:1898
3928:1897
3923:1896
3918:1895
3913:1894
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2588:1477
2583:1474
2578:1472
2573:1468
2568:1467
2563:1464
2558:1463
2553:1461
2152:Jury
2100:Fiqh
1956:Xeer
1354:Tort
1270:Deed
1092:2016
1060:2012
1024:2013
1002:2013
945:ISBN
677:and
667:bill
480:are
365:vote
317:1974
234:and
228:Dáil
178:bill
162:bill
73:news
1224:Law
705:it.
671:act
378:or
208:tax
152:or
132:An
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