690:(often misattributed as private member's bill) is one that is introduced by a member of Parliament who is not a minister. There can be a maximum of eight members' bills on the Order Paper awaiting their first reading at any one time. When a slot opens up, a ballot is held to select a new members' bill for introduction; each MP can submit only one member's bill at a time to the ballot. Every second Wednesday is reserved for debating members' bills, although this rule is overridden when certain government business is before the House, such as the Budget. Even when a Wednesday is devoted to members' bills, any private or local bills on the Order Paper are considered first.
404:
daily
Private Members' Hours. Under rules established in 1986, 20 items of private members' business are selected at random to receive priority in debate. Six of these items are chosen by a committee to be votable and must come to a vote in the House. Prior to the 1986 rules, private members' bills and motions could be "talked out", meaning that all the time allocated to private members' bills could be used up introducing or debating bills without them ever being voted on, as each bill must be voted on after the second hour of debate. (The ramifications of the 1986 rules were discussed in the
675:
38:
810:, although this is usually used just to raise an issue rather than legislate on it, or through presentation without debate under Standing Order 57. Neither Ten Minute Rule or presentation bills are likely to get time to be debated, so only non-controversial bills have any chance of success. Private members' bills from the Lords may also be adopted by an MP to complete their journey through Parliament.
708:(2020–23), a member's bill can be introduced directly if it has the support of at least 61 non-executive members of Parliament. This allows members' bills with broad support to avoid the ballot process, while excluding executive members prevents the member's bill process being an alternative way of progressing Government business.
269:
since 1901 have been passed into law. Of these, thirteen have been initiated by senators, ten by members and seven by the
Speaker and Senate President. A larger number have passed one house but not the other. An even larger number did not pass the house in which they were introduced and thus lapsed.
375:
award in 1996). Its initial aims were to limit physical chastisement by banning the use of implements (belts, sticks, hairbrushes, etc.), ban the use of force above the shoulders (thus preventing neck, head, brain and facial injuries), and require that any physical force applied leave only trivial
926:
the bill, stopping further progress by preventing a vote. The bill's proponent can force a vote only with the support of at least a hundred members (and a majority of those voting). As many MPs return to their constituencies on
Thursday night, this has the practical effect of blocking all private
403:
by a member of parliament who is neither a cabinet minister nor a parliamentary secretary. A private member's bill follows the same legislative process as a government bill, but the time allocated for its consideration is restricted. Private members' bills may be considered only during one of the
421:
When an election is called, all bills that have not been passed die on the order paper (that is, they are removed from the agenda of
Parliament, and must be re-introduced in the new session of Parliament after an election). In the House of Commons (but not in the Senate), private members' bills
930:
It is quite possible for the first bill to take up all five hours, preventing any other bill on the agenda from being debated. Any bill not debated may receive second reading without debate at the end of the session, but a single shout of "object!" will delay consideration to a future date;
834:. In some cases, measures that a government does not want to take responsibility for may be introduced by backbenchers, with the government secretly or openly backing the measure and ensuring its passage. They are sometimes known as "handouts" or "whips' bills". The
521:. For private members' bills proposed for the particular interest or benefit of any individual, association or body corporate, a fee of HK$ 33,500 for amendment bills, and HK$ 67,000 for principal bills must also be paid to the Director of Accounting Services.
376:
and short-lived signs such as redness (that is, no bruising, swelling, welts, cuts, grazes, internal injuries, emotional trauma, etc.); with the exception of the clause banning the use of implements (which was dropped to gain essential support from the
931:
Government and opposition whips routinely block contentious private members' bills in this way. Another date for second reading will also be set for bills which have been talked out. This is a formality; the bill will be put to the bottom of the
877:
342:
to amend the Crimes Act of 1900. The first successfully enacted (or indeed introduced) bill in over 100 years to address the protection of children from abuse and excessive physical chastisement. It received very wide support from
619:
by an MK who is neither a cabinet minister nor a deputy minister. The number of private members' bills an individual MK can submit is restricted, and their introduction requires approval by the
Knesset Presidium (composed of the
209:" introduced by the executive, with private members' bills the exception; however, some time is set aside in the schedule for reading such bills. They may be introduced by non-ministerial MPs from government-supporting parties (
594:
Five of these were passed in 1956 alone and after 47 years of passing the last bill, the
Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Bill, 1968 that became an Act on 9 August 1970; Rajya Sabha has passed the
291:
Another very notable private member's bill was the
Euthanasia Laws Bill 1996, which deprived the Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory and Norfolk Island legislatures of the power to make laws permitting
642:
parliaments, the number of private members' bills introduced in the
Knesset is very large: Between 2000 and 2016, the number of private members' bills introduced before the Knesset was 22,949, a world record.
233:
has a long history of enacting private members' bills: a slight majority of the laws passed by it originated as private members' bills, and thousands more are introduced without being passed. In contrast, the
1443:
262:
In
Australia, a draft bill is prepared by Parliamentary Counsel, acting under instructions from the private member. After community consultation, the member introduces the bill into the Parliament.
914:
Unlike
Government bills, debates are not timetabled and there is no guarantee that the debate will finish within the time available. MPs opposed to a private member's bill, including Government
942:, which may make amendments. The amended version of the bill will then return to the Commons. To become law, it must also successfully negotiate report stage and third reading, as well as the
813:
Private members' bills can sometimes become the cause for much anxiety and shenanigans, as outside individuals or organisations seek to influence members who have been selected in the ballot.
715:
1147:
467:
The new rules took effect in 1986. In the 24 years between 5 November 1984 and 7 September 2008, 81 private members' bills passed. Passage was (and is) more likely during the periods of
946:. Contentious bills are likely to run out of parliamentary time unless the government allocates some; any pending private members' bills lapse at the end of each parliamentary session.
949:
Private members' bills may also originate in the House of Lords. To become law, these bills must be adopted by an MP and passed in the same way as a bill originated in the Commons.
793:
1071:
458:. Chrétien got his bill voted on by convincing the other MPs scheduled to speak during Private Member's Hour to skip their speech and instead request an immediate vote on the bill.
1261:
320:
631:, a private member's bill cannot be withdrawn after its committee stage, which occurs between first and second readings. In addition, private members' bills must undergo a
284:
of the Nationalist Party on 16 July 1924, passed by the Senate on 23 July, passed by the House of Representatives on 24 July – both times with little debate – and given
1473:
1496:
1451:
739:
806:
to introduce a bill. These bills are given priority for debate and generally offer the best chance of success. Additional bills may be introduced via the
830:
Only a small proportion of private members' bills are enacted. This is generally because of lack of time – a controversial private member's bill can be
998:
733:
533:, barely 4% were discussed; 96% lapsed without even a single debate in the House. To date, Parliament has passed a total of 14 private members' bills.
1169:
518:
1713:
861:
1265:
1610:
102:
938:
Even if second reading is passed, a bill is likely to need the support of the government to become law. The bill will be referred to
869:
242:
rarely passes private members' bills, with the overwhelming number of bills being passed being introduced by members of the cabinet.
55:
624:
and their deputies), who are allowed to reject bills which are racist in their essence or reject the Jewish character of the state.
492:
on 28 June 1988) restricting smoking in federally regulated workplaces and on airplanes, trains and ships. The bill was passed in a
414:
situations. The vast majority of private members' bills that actually do become law are for the purpose of changing the name of the
74:
1395:
596:
563:
Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Declaration of National Importance) Bill introduced by Raghubir Sinh in
301:
1688:
749:
81:
1683:
1555:
288:
on 31 July. Despite much public debate ever since on the issue of compulsory voting, the legislation has never been repealed.
360:
305:
496:
of the House of Commons despite being voted against by all members of the federal cabinet, including the Minister of Health.
410:, 1988, Vol 11, No. 3.) Even under the new rules, very few private members' bills become law. But passage is more likely in
1529:
339:
88:
1678:
802:, there are several routes to introducing private members' bills. In each session, twenty backbench MPs are selected by
575:
The Orphanages and other Charitable Homes (Supervision and Control) Bill introduced by Kailash Bihari Lal in Rajya Sabha
881:
488:
succeeded in getting her private member's bill, the "Non-smokers' Health Act" (aka Bill C-204), passed in 1986, (given
328:
968:
191:
121:
471:. The ramifications of the 1986 rules and new probability of success of private members bills were discussed in the
70:
1359:
973:
885:
1287:
978:
632:
911:. Five hours of time are available each day, and several private members' bills are scheduled for each session.
509:
prohibits private members' bills that relate to public expenditure, political structure or the operation of the
721:
468:
411:
324:
59:
1632:
1723:
1337:
1202:
865:
473:
406:
162:(executive). Other labels may be used for the concept in other parliamentary systems; for example, the label
1658:
316:
on the issue, and each side of the debate was supported by members and senators from all political parties.
1718:
1584:
1177:
727:
544:
514:
273:
Among the most notable of the successful bills was the Commonwealth Electoral Bill 1924, which introduced
1708:
889:
745:
705:
1693:
557:
The Proceedings of Legislature (Protection of Publication) Bill introduced by Feroze Gandhi in Lok Sabha
400:
309:
297:
214:
1044:
873:
95:
1030:
981:, which has a different meaning in the US compared to the other countries mentioned in this article.
590:
The SC (enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Bill introduced by Anand Narain in Lok Sabha
560:
The Women's and Children's Institutions (Licensing) Bill introduced by Rajmata Kamlendu in Lok Sabha
1351:
908:
799:
446:
One of the bills passed under the old (pre-1986) rules was a 1964 private member's bill to rename "
222:
510:
266:
48:
1197:
1093:
901:
663:
621:
551:
380:
372:
198:, the concept does not arise since bills are always introduced by legislators (or sometimes by
195:
171:
1684:
UK Parliament website: The result of the Private Members' Bill ballot for the current session
939:
935:, will likely be objected to on each future occasion and has no practical chance of success.
915:
584:
The Salaries and Allowances of MP (Amendment) Bill introduced by Raghunath Singh in Lok Sabha
447:
423:
368:
206:
415:
765:
693:
The ballot to select new members' bills is conducted by drawing numbered counters out of a
599:
on April 24, 2015, which was introduced in the lower house, Lok Sabha on 26 February 2016.
481:
351:
and was backed by several prominent members of the medical profession, particularly in the
159:
155:
16:
In some parliaments a bill introduced by a member not on behalf of the executive government
1334:
Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
674:
8:
1333:
1117:
Senate public bills are legislative proposals not introduced on behalf of the government.
958:
572:
The Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill introduced by Subhadra Joshi in Lok Sabha
506:
239:
167:
139:
1317:
437:
In the 98 years from 4 May 1910 to 7 September 2008, 229 private members' bills passed.
1018:
843:
769:
698:
639:
199:
151:
646:
However, this is a relatively recent phenomenon – while only 6% of laws passed by the
1504:
1232:
904:
as any other bill. In practice, the procedural barriers to passage are much greater.
860:
Other private members' bills to have been enacted include the Adoption Act 1964, the
835:
781:
678:
The biscuit tin and numbered counters used to select new member's bill in New Zealand
651:
274:
179:
1659:"House of Commons - Standing Orders of the House of Commons - Public Business 2005"
1424:
1236:
1104:
753:
348:
187:
147:
455:
1352:"Information note on presentation of bills by Members of the Legislative Council"
919:
807:
768:, any member may submit a private member's bill, called a representative's bill (
608:
581:
The Hindu Marriage (Amendment) Bill introduced by Diwan Chand Sharma in Lok Sabha
392:
377:
344:
313:
1497:"Biscuit tin democracy: the humble start of New Zealand's most progressive laws"
635:, while government bills go to first reading directly when they are introduced.
569:
The Hindu Marriage (Amendment) Bill introduced by Seeta Parmanand in Rajya Sabha
513:. Private members' bills that involve government policies must be agreed by the
943:
851:
839:
701:. As a result, the member's bill process is nicknamed "biscuit tin democracy".
587:
Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Bill introduced by Diwan Chand Lal in Rajya Sabha
265:
Only 30 private members' bills or private senators' bills introduced into the
1702:
1508:
736:– removed "reasonable force" legal defence for assault of children by parents
647:
628:
485:
281:
1072:"The passage of private members' and senators' bills through the Parliament"
963:
489:
335:
285:
246:
226:
218:
20:
1130:
826:
Lobbying a member of parliament who has a private member's bill coming up.
776:). The other method of initiating legislation is by a "Proposition to the
627:
Unlike government bills, which can be withdrawn at any point before their
1382:
1320:
Legislation and Applied Economics in the Pursuit of Public Health: Canada
932:
907:
Time is allocated for private members' bills on 13 Fridays a year in the
854:
847:
694:
683:
650:
where introduced as private members' bills, the equivalent share for the
564:
210:
143:
24:
718:– allowed adult adoptees to access information about their birth parents
1288:"Legacy of Former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien | Mapleleafweb.com"
923:
831:
451:
352:
293:
235:
540:
The Muslim Wakfs Bill introduced by Syed Md. Ahmed Kasmi in Lok Sabha
530:
493:
711:
Notable legislation passed as a result of a member's bill includes:
517:. Whether the bill involves such issues are to be determined by the
249:, which is a bill that only affects an individual citizen or group.
37:
820:
278:
1262:"Private Members' Public Bills Passed by Parliament: 1910 to Date"
857:
the Bill was given enough government time to allow a full debate.
578:
The Marine Insurance Bill introduced by MP Bhargava in Rajya Sabha
1198:"Private Members' Business: What's Happened Under the New Rules?"
1131:
Private Member's Bills - Comparative Analysis and Recommendations
697:, purchased in the 1980s from now-defunct department store chain
662:
As of September 2021, no private member's bill was passed in the
616:
356:
230:
752:
to give people with a terminal illness the option of requesting
536:
Following are the 14 Private Members' Bills which were passed:-
842:
through this means: with the Bill itself being introduced by a
803:
529:
Of the 300 or so private members' bills introduced in the 14th
364:
321:
Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017
1444:"Encourage Private Member's Bills, says constitutional expert"
1133:(Report). The Israel Democracy Institute. Policy Paper No. 32.
794:
Private Members' Bills in the Parliament of the United Kingdom
543:
The Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill introduced by
327:
throughout Australia on 9 December 2017. It was introduced by
1694:
House of Commons Factsheet: Success of Private Members' Bills
1689:
House of Commons Factsheet: Private Members' Bills Procedure
383:
for the bill), it was passed intact and became law in 2001.
1400:
1396:"Lok Sabha Takes Up Bill To End Transgender Discrimination"
999:"Part 3: Stages of Bills – special cases (Members' Bills)"
900:
In principle, private members' bills follow much the same
277:
for federal elections. This was introduced by Senator for
150:. The designation "private member's bill" is used in most
1556:"Review of Standing Orders 2020 – New Zealand Parliament"
334:
Notable also was the private member's bill introduced by
190:. In legislatures where the executive does not have the
1264:. Parliament of Canada. 30 January 2009. Archived from
1256:
1254:
816:
There are two principal routes for influencing UK law:
550:
The Indian Registration (Amendment) Bill introduced by
429:
Notable private members bills have been the following:
245:
A private member's bill is not to be confused with a
1251:
740:
Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013
1603:
146:by a legislator who is not acting on behalf of the
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1227:
1225:
880:, the Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2003 the
734:Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007
252:
154:jurisdictions, in which a "private member" is any
1700:
1579:
1577:
1474:"Lucky dip leads to ground-breaking law changes"
1388:
1222:
1003:How Parliament Works – Guidance on Public Bills
1574:
895:
422:remain on the order paper when Parliament is
1495:Graham-McLay, Charlotte (17 December 2019).
1494:
1441:
1142:
1140:
862:Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965
724:– decriminalised homosexual acts between men
418:represented by the MP introducing the bill.
205:In the Westminster system, most bills are "
1233:"Liberal MP introduces war resisters bill"
1137:
870:Law Reform (Year and a Day Rule) Act 1996
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
878:British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1997
673:
597:Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014
440:
1381:Private Bills Ordinance (Cap. 69)
1191:
1189:
1187:
462:
308:. Although Andrews was a member of the
302:Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
1701:
1069:
927:members' bills without solid support.
312:, members and senators were allowed a
1679:UK Parliament website: Bill Procedure
1476:. New Zealand Parliament. 7 June 2017
1195:
1128:
361:Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children
306:Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995
1422:
1184:
823:a government department or minister.
607:In Israel, a private member's bill (
391:In Canada, a private member's bill (
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
1714:Proposed laws of the United Kingdom
716:Adult Adoption Information Act 1985
612:
340:New South Wales Legislative Council
13:
882:Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003
850:; through the support from Labour
14:
1735:
1672:
1442:Jason Thomas (7 September 2021).
1196:Lever, Nora (14 September 2020).
1070:Muller, Damon (6 December 2017).
1049:New Zealand Parliament – Features
969:Right of initiative (legislative)
787:
397:projet de loi émanant d'un député
331:, Senator for Western Australia.
1360:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
974:Motion (parliamentary procedure)
890:Sustainable Communities Act 2007
886:Gangmasters (Licensing) Act 2004
454:", introduced by then-rookie MP
300:, Member for Menzies, after the
158:(MP) who is not a member of the
36:
1651:
1625:
1548:
1530:"The House: Biscuit tin gamble"
1522:
1488:
1466:
1435:
1416:
1375:
1344:
1326:
1311:
1298:
1280:
979:Table (parliamentary procedure)
253:Private member's bill by region
47:needs additional citations for
1162:
1122:
1094:"Senate Procedure in Practice"
1086:
1063:
1037:
991:
722:Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
669:
615:) is a bill introduced in the
469:minority governments in Canada
399:) is a bill introduced in the
367:(who had been honoured by the
1:
1203:Canadian Parliamentary Review
985:
774:representantforslag lovvedtak
742:– legalised same-sex marriage
730:– decriminalised prostitution
519:Legislative Council President
474:Canadian Parliamentary Review
407:Canadian Parliamentary Review
319:A private member's bill, the
1423:לפיד, יאיר (15 March 2017).
922:, will routinely attempt to
728:Prostitution Reform Act 2003
500:
257:
7:
1562:. July 2020. pp. 34–35
1148:"Private Members' business"
952:
746:End of Life Choice Act 2019
657:
654:is 53%, a slight majority.
304:had passed such a law, the
10:
1740:
1663:publications.parliament.uk
1639:(in Norwegian). Stortinget
1613:(in Norwegian). Stortinget
1338:National People's Congress
896:House of Commons procedure
791:
18:
1637:Stortinget og demokratiet
1150:. Parliament of Australia
1074:. Parliament of Australia
1005:. The Scottish Parliament
866:Charter Trustees Act 1985
759:
602:
432:
386:
347:organisations related to
296:. This was introduced by
1340:. 4 April 1990. art. 74.
1170:"Parliamentary Handbook"
524:
349:child health and welfare
19:Not to be confused with
1425:"עוצרים את טירוף החקקת"
1306:Straight From the Heart
477:, 1988, Vol 11, No. 3.
221:or backbencher), or by
71:"Private member's bill"
846:Member of Parliament,
798:In the United Kingdom
773:
679:
622:Speaker of the Knesset
396:
373:Australian of the Year
196:United States Congress
176:private senator's bill
172:New Zealand Parliament
1611:"Representantforslag"
1318:Sweanor and K. Kyle,
940:public bill committee
677:
448:Trans-Canada Airlines
441:Before the 1986 rules
371:with the prestigious
369:Australian Government
267:Australian Parliament
136:private member's bill
1724:Parliament of Canada
1292:www.mapleleafweb.com
1180:on 7 September 2007.
1129:Klein, Eran (2002).
902:parliamentary stages
766:Parliament of Norway
664:Malaysian parliament
463:After the 1986 rules
238:(parliament) of the
156:member of parliament
56:improve this article
1719:Parliament of India
1454:on 7 September 2021
1448:Free Malaysia Today
1304:See Jean Chrétien,
1268:on 15 December 2015
1239:. 17 September 2009
959:Bill (proposed law)
838:was enacted in the
633:preliminary reading
507:Hong Kong Basic Law
412:minority government
240:Republic of Ireland
192:right of initiative
168:Scottish Parliament
140:bill (proposed law)
1709:Westminster system
1536:. 5 September 2018
1404:. 27 February 2016
1051:. 16 February 2024
750:binding referendum
704:Starting with the
680:
640:Westminster system
638:Compared to other
505:Article 74 of the
200:popular initiative
152:Westminster system
142:introduced into a
1560:www.parliament.nz
836:Abortion Act 1967
748:– provided for a
652:Fifteenth Knesset
325:same-sex marriage
275:compulsory voting
213:), by members of
180:Australian Senate
132:
131:
124:
106:
1731:
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1655:
1649:
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1515:
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1470:
1464:
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1459:
1450:. Archived from
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1420:
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1411:
1409:
1392:
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1373:
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1246:
1244:
1237:The Toronto Star
1229:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1176:. Archived from
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1160:
1159:
1157:
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1144:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1105:Senate of Canada
1098:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1045:"Types of Bills"
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
995:
909:House of Commons
800:House of Commons
614:
401:House of Commons
381:Labor Government
207:government bills
188:Senate of Canada
148:executive branch
127:
120:
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113:
107:
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64:
40:
32:
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1501:The Guardian
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1294:. June 2006.
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1266:the original
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1101:sencanada.ca
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1458:8 September
1107:. June 2015
933:order paper
855:Roy Jenkins
848:David Steel
780:" from the
695:biscuit tin
684:New Zealand
670:New Zealand
565:Rajya Sabha
184:public bill
174:, the term
144:legislature
25:Private law
1703:Categories
1589:Dictionary
1566:14 October
986:References
782:Government
552:SC Samanta
511:Government
452:Air Canada
353:paediatric
329:Dean Smith
294:euthanasia
236:Oireachtas
215:opposition
112:April 2010
82:newspapers
1509:0261-3077
1029:ignored (
1019:cite book
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501:Hong Kong
494:free vote
424:prorogued
359:, CEO of
258:Australia
217:parties (
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1595:13 March
1383:§ 3
1323:, p. 79.
1214:26 April
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953:See also
924:talk out
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279:Tasmania
170:and the
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338:in the
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160:cabinet
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686:, a
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