241:(1748). "Considered as inhabitants of so great a planet, which necessarily contains a variety of nations, they have laws relating to their mutual intercourse, which is what we call the law of nations. As members of a society that must be properly supported, they have laws relating to the governors and the governed, and this we distinguish by the name of politic law. They have also another sort of law, as they stand in relation to each other; by which is understood the civil law."
1701:
1715:
36:
274:, including within the fields of contract law, property law and family law. In regard to contract law, it the Commission and Council have argued that there are problems resulting from divergences in this field of law across the EU, and in regard to family law, the Council suggests that this field is "a possible subject for a discussion on ... approximation".
249:
The concept of private law in common law countries is a little broader, in that it also encompasses private relationships between governments and private individuals or other entities. That is, relationships between governments and individuals based on the law of contract or torts are governed by
228:
huius studdii duæ sunt positiones: publicum et privatum. Publicum ius est, quod statum rei Romanæ spectat, privatum, quod ad singulorum utilitatem; sunt enim quædam publice utila, quædam privatim
198:. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population.
410:
237:(1689–1755) amplified supremely this distinction: International (law of nations), Public (politic law) and Private (civil law) Law, in his major work:
459:
507:
Communication from the
Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: A More Coherent European Contract Law - An Action Plan
222:– the European, more exactly the continental law, philosophers and thinkers want(ed) to put each branch of law into this dichotomy:
1682:
451:
480:
Vértesy, László (2007). "The Place and Theory of
Banking Law - Or Arising of a New Branch of Law: Law of Financial Industries".
415:
100:
271:
72:
1108:
666:
565:
119:
1222:
1091:
79:
1677:
1024:
925:
230:". (Public law is that which concerns the Roman state, private law is concerned with the interests of citizens.)
1184:
818:
57:
537:
86:
506:
1344:
823:
53:
1339:
68:
1314:
813:
452:"The Project - Delivered at the first general meeting on July 6, 1995 - The Trento Common Core Project"
1397:
383:
363:, divorce, spousal abuse, child custody and visitation, property, alimony, and child support awards,
1192:
1174:
167:
136:
24:
1526:
1567:
1354:
843:
828:
46:
1622:
1607:
305:
238:
489:
1726:
1319:
997:
808:
1755:
1447:
793:
398:
8:
1602:
742:
659:
425:
378:
259:
93:
1417:
1076:
930:
915:
893:
637:
617:
570:
560:
310:
163:
1402:
1324:
1162:
905:
900:
853:
778:
772:
612:
530:
485:
326:
1407:
1374:
873:
737:
732:
697:
283:
263:
1656:
1629:
1617:
1597:
1531:
1509:
1489:
1484:
1464:
1329:
1309:
1304:
1207:
1167:
878:
803:
727:
712:
632:
420:
267:
179:
1733:
1541:
1459:
1048:
1014:
965:
950:
722:
627:
607:
597:
330:
298:
183:
175:
373:- estate planning, testate and intestate succession, probate, and law of wills
1749:
1587:
1546:
1432:
1412:
1384:
1334:
1299:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1212:
1152:
992:
982:
940:
863:
858:
788:
747:
671:
394:
342:
293:
1719:
1469:
1437:
1392:
1130:
1125:
1096:
1009:
987:
955:
888:
868:
762:
702:
692:
644:
602:
580:
523:
347:
315:
288:
195:
139:
20:
250:
private law, and are not considered to be within the scope of public law.
1641:
1582:
1572:
1369:
1364:
1202:
1103:
1019:
978:
945:
910:
833:
757:
707:
370:
364:
360:
234:
145:
1705:
1634:
1514:
1452:
1197:
1118:
1113:
1071:
1053:
1041:
1002:
848:
838:
798:
783:
767:
717:
654:
649:
430:
388:
352:
223:
171:
159:
1612:
1577:
1519:
1494:
1359:
1256:
1244:
1229:
1217:
1145:
1063:
1036:
920:
337:
207:
191:
1700:
150:
that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of
35:
1661:
1646:
1349:
1234:
1031:
575:
509:, 2003/C 63/01, published 15 March 2003, accessed 16 September 2023
356:
320:
151:
1551:
1499:
1479:
1427:
1239:
1157:
973:
935:
883:
502:
187:
1651:
1504:
1249:
1140:
1135:
1081:
752:
211:
16:
Civil legal system involving relationships between individuals
1592:
1536:
1442:
1283:
1086:
585:
1474:
1422:
1278:
676:
592:
155:
411:
International
Institute for the Unification of Private Law
244:
546:
355:- family-related issues and domestic relations including
515:
458:. Turin, Italy: Common Core Organizing Secretariat,
449:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1747:
174:, which deals with relationships between both
531:
460:The International University College of Turin
450:Mattei, Ugo; Bussani, Mauro (18 May 2010).
143:
538:
524:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1683:History of the American legal profession
266:have stated a desire to achieve greater
479:
456:The Common Core of European Private Law
277:
245:Private law in common law jurisdictions
1748:
519:
443:
253:
416:International Journal of Private Law
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
272:member states of the European Union
270:of private law across its (now) 27
206:One of the five capital lawyers in
13:
170:). It is to be distinguished from
14:
1767:
667:Restitution and unjust enrichment
214:, (170–223) – who differentiated
1714:
1713:
1699:
34:
1678:History of the legal profession
194:and other law that affects the
45:needs additional citations for
496:
473:
182:(i.e., organizations) and the
1:
436:
7:
404:
10:
1772:
1345:International legal theory
824:International slavery laws
819:International human rights
814:International criminal law
239:(On) The Spirit of the Law
201:
18:
1693:
1670:
1560:
1398:Administration of justice
1383:
1292:
1183:
1062:
964:
685:
553:
384:International private law
235:Charles-Louis Montesquieu
1175:Basic structure doctrine
1025:Natural and legal rights
906:Public international law
158:(as it is called in the
19:Not to be confused with
1355:Principle of typicality
829:International trade law
545:
186:, including regulatory
144:
1350:Principle of legality
1109:Delegated legislation
809:Intellectual property
399:contracts of carriage
367:issues, and adoption.
142:which is part of the
25:Private member's bill
1568:Barristers' chambers
1510:Legal representation
1448:Justice of the peace
794:Financial regulation
278:Areas of private law
166:(as it is called in
54:improve this article
1603:Election commission
1315:Expressive function
844:Landlord–tenant law
743:Consumer protection
426:Private law society
379:Consumer protection
260:European Commission
233:In the modern era,
168:civil legal systems
1561:Legal institutions
1428:Lawsuit/Litigation
1418:Dispute resolution
1223:Catholic canon law
931:State of emergency
894:Will and testament
618:Law of obligations
571:Constitutional law
561:Administrative law
311:Law of obligations
254:European Union law
226:and Private Law. "
180:artificial persons
164:law of obligations
135:is that part of a
1743:
1742:
1403:Constitutionalism
1325:Law and economics
1163:Act of parliament
901:Product liability
854:Legal archaeology
779:Environmental law
773:Entertainment law
613:International law
327:unjust enrichment
212:Domitius Ulpianus
130:
129:
122:
104:
1763:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1527:Question of fact
1408:Criminal justice
738:Construction law
733:Conflict of laws
698:Agricultural law
540:
533:
526:
517:
516:
510:
500:
494:
493:
477:
471:
470:
468:
466:
447:
393:Some aspects of
284:Agricultural law
264:European Council
149:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1712:
1698:
1689:
1666:
1657:Political party
1630:Legal education
1618:Law enforcement
1598:Court of equity
1556:
1532:Question of law
1485:Practice of law
1465:Judicial review
1379:
1330:Legal formalism
1310:Comparative law
1305:Contract theory
1288:
1208:Legal pluralism
1179:
1168:Act of Congress
1092:Executive order
1058:
960:
879:Nationality law
804:Immigration law
728:Competition law
681:
549:
544:
514:
513:
501:
497:
478:
474:
464:
462:
448:
444:
439:
421:Polycentric law
407:
331:quasi-contracts
280:
256:
247:
204:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1709:
1706:Law portal
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:Trial advocacy
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1072:Ballot measure
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1049:Legal treatise
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1015:Letters patent
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:
995:
990:
985:
976:
970:
968:
966:Sources of law
962:
961:
959:
958:
953:
951:Unenforced law
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
897:
896:
891:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
723:Commercial law
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
689:
687:
683:
682:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
663:
662:
652:
647:
642:
641:
640:
635:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
589:
588:
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
555:
551:
550:
543:
542:
535:
528:
520:
512:
511:
495:
472:
441:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
406:
403:
402:
401:
397:, for example
391:
386:
381:
376:
375:
374:
368:
350:
345:
340:
335:
334:
333:
323:
318:
303:
302:
301:
299:Commercial law
296:
286:
279:
276:
255:
252:
246:
243:
203:
200:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1768:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Civil society
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Trier of fact
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Legal opinion
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:Court-martial
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1385:Jurisprudence
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Statutory law
1272:
1270:
1269:Socialist law
1267:
1263:
1262:Byzantine law
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:Religious law
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1185:Legal systems
1182:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:Statutory law
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
983:Statutory law
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
963:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:Transport law
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
859:Legal fiction
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
789:Financial law
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Corporate law
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
688:
684:
678:
675:
673:
672:Statutory law
670:
668:
665:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
556:
554:Core subjects
552:
548:
541:
536:
534:
529:
527:
522:
521:
518:
508:
504:
499:
491:
487:
483:
476:
461:
457:
453:
446:
442:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
400:
396:
395:transport law
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
372:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Law of agency
341:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
275:
273:
269:
268:approximation
265:
261:
251:
242:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
147:
141:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
110:December 2019
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
69:"Private law"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1732:
1725:
1711:
1697:
1470:Jurisdiction
1438:Legal remedy
1393:Adjudication
1293:Legal theory
1131:Ratification
1126:Promulgation
1097:Proclamation
1077:Codification
1010:Human rights
998:Divine right
988:Constitution
956:Women in law
874:Military law
869:Marriage law
864:Maritime law
763:Election law
703:Aviation law
693:Abortion law
645:Property law
622:
581:Criminal law
498:
481:
475:
463:. Retrieved
455:
445:
361:civil unions
348:Property law
316:Contract law
289:Business law
257:
248:
232:
227:
220:ius privatum
219:
216:ius publicum
215:
205:
196:public order
140:legal system
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
21:Private bill
1756:Private law
1642:Legislature
1573:Bureaucracy
1370:Rule of man
1365:Rule of law
1340:Libertarian
1203:Chinese law
1104:Legislation
1054:Regulations
1042:Law reports
1020:Natural law
916:Reparations
911:Refugee law
834:Jurimetrics
775:(Media law)
713:Banking law
708:Amnesty law
686:Disciplines
623:Private law
484:. 2-3. XI.
465:8 September
365:child abuse
294:Company law
162:), and the
146:jus commune
133:Private law
1635:Law school
1515:Prosecutor
1453:Magistrate
1240:Jewish law
1198:Common law
1119:Rulemaking
1114:Regulation
1064:Law making
1003:Divine law
979:Legal code
926:Sports law
849:Law of war
799:Health law
784:Family law
768:Energy law
718:Bankruptcy
655:Punishment
650:Public law
437:References
431:Social law
389:Labour law
371:Succession
353:Family law
172:public law
160:common law
80:newspapers
1613:Judiciary
1608:Executive
1583:The bench
1520:Solicitor
1495:Barrister
1375:Sociology
1360:Pseudolaw
1300:Anarchist
1257:Roman law
1245:Parsi law
1230:Hindu law
1218:Canon law
1193:Civil law
1146:Concordat
1037:Precedent
946:Trust law
921:Space law
758:Drugs law
628:Procedure
566:Civil law
338:Trust law
306:Civil law
208:Roman law
192:penal law
152:contracts
137:civil law
1750:Category
1720:Category
1662:Tribunal
1647:Military
1490:Attorney
1460:Judgment
1320:Feminist
1235:Jain law
1032:Case law
753:Cyberlaw
660:Corporal
638:Criminal
608:Evidence
598:Doctrine
576:Contract
405:See also
357:marriage
321:Tort law
262:and the
188:statutes
1734:Outline
1671:History
1578:The bar
1552:Verdict
1500:Counsel
1480:Justice
1335:History
1158:Statute
974:Charter
936:Tax law
884:Probate
503:EUR-Lex
490:3198092
482:Collega
325:Law of
202:Concept
176:natural
94:scholar
1652:Police
1623:Agency
1505:Lawyer
1250:Sharia
1141:Treaty
1136:Repeal
1082:Decree
993:Custom
889:Estate
839:Labour
603:Equity
488:
224:Public
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1727:Index
1593:Court
1537:Trial
1443:Judge
1284:Yassa
1087:Edict
633:Civil
586:Crime
218:from
184:state
156:torts
101:JSTOR
87:books
1475:Jury
1423:Fiqh
1279:Xeer
677:Tort
593:Deed
486:SSRN
467:2011
329:and
258:The
178:and
154:and
73:news
547:Law
56:by
23:or
1752::
981:/
505:,
454:.
359:,
210:,
190:,
539:e
532:t
525:v
492:.
469:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
