Bank - Knowledge

4672:, have allowed banks to extend their reach all over the world since they no longer have to be near customers to manage both their finances and their risk. The growth in cross-border activities has also increased the demand for banks that can provide various services across borders to different nationalities. Despite these reductions in barriers and growth in cross-border activities, the banking industry is nowhere near as globalised as some other industries. In the US, for instance, very few banks even worry about the Riegle–Neal Act, which promotes more efficient interstate banking. In the vast majority of nations around the globe, the market share for foreign owned banks is currently less than a tenth of all market shares for banks in a particular nation. One reason the banking industry has not been fully globalised is that it is more convenient to have local banks provide loans to small businesses and individuals. On the other hand, for large corporations, it is not as important in what nation the bank is in since the corporation's financial information is available around the globe. 3903: 4121:: in Europe, savings banks took their roots in the 19th or sometimes even in the 18th century. Their original objective was to provide easily accessible savings products to all strata of the population. In some countries, savings banks were created on public initiative; in others, socially committed individuals created foundations to put in place the necessary infrastructure. Nowadays, European savings banks have kept their focus on retail banking: payments, savings products, credits, and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises. Apart from this retail focus, they also differ from commercial banks by their broadly decentralised distribution network, providing local and regional outreach – and by their socially responsible approach to business and society. 4415: 2381: 2200: 3791: 1853: 1841:, and the bank is to restore, not the same money, but an equivalent sum, whenever it is demanded and money, when paid into a bank, ceases altogether to be the money of the principal (see Parker v. Marchant, 1 Phillips 360); it is then the money of the banker, who is bound to return an equivalent, by paying a similar sum to that deposited with him, when he is asked for it. The goldsmith paid interest on deposits. Since the promissory notes were payable on demand, and the advances (loans) to the goldsmith's customers were repayable over a longer time-period, this was an early form of 2950:– banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long-term loans. In other words, they borrow short and lend long. With a stronger credit quality than most other borrowers, banks can do this by aggregating issues (e.g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e.g. withdrawals and redemption of banknotes), maintaining reserves of cash, investing in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raising replacement funding as needed from various sources (e.g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets). 3995: 1785: 4199: 4472: 4456:

burden with an increased workload and more banks per regulator. While banks struggle to keep up with the changes in the regulatory environment, regulators struggle to manage their workload and effectively regulate their banks. The impact of these changes is that banks are receiving less hands-on assessment by the regulators, less time spent with each institution, and the potential for more problems slipping through the cracks, potentially resulting in an overall increase in bank failures across the United States.

1002: 1987: 70: 2891: 4284: 2041:. When looking at these definitions it is important to keep in mind that they are defining the business of banking for the purposes of the legislation, and not necessarily in general. In particular, most of the definitions are from legislation that has the purpose of regulating and supervising banks rather than regulating the actual business of banking. However, in many cases, the statutory definition closely mirrors the common law one. Examples of statutory definitions: 1664: 4621:(liability) account in his ledger every time he spends money (and the account is normally in credit). When the customer reads his bank statement, the statement will show a credit to the account for deposits, and debits for withdrawals of funds. The customer with a positive balance will see this balance reflected as a credit balance on the bank statement. If the customer is overdrawn, he will have a negative balance, reflected as a debit balance on the bank statement. 2085: 5338: 2401: 928: 948: 5350: 4014: 3981: 4343: 2002: 4592: 938: 2970: 3969: 1701: 4027: 4642:" as it is sometimes called, puts a bank in a difficult and sometimes risky position, as the funds must be lent or invested in a way that yields a return sufficient to pay the high interest being paid on the brokered deposits. This may result in risky decisions and even in eventual failure of the bank. Banks which failed during 2008 and 2009 in the United States during the 4460:

challenge for banks to effectively set their growth strategies with the recent economic market. A rising interest rate environment may seem to help financial institutions, but the effect of the changes on consumers and businesses is not predictable and the challenge remains for banks to grow and effectively manage the spread to generate a return to their shareholders.

2076:, the cheque has lost its primacy in most banking systems as a payment instrument. This has led legal theorists to suggest that the cheque based definition should be broadened to include financial institutions that conduct current accounts for customers and enable customers to pay and be paid by third parties, even if they do not pay and collect cheques . 2882:(CoCos). These are hybrid capital securities that absorb losses in accordance with their contractual terms when the capital of the issuing bank falls below a certain level. Then debt is reduced and bank capitalisation gets a boost. Owing to their capacity to absorb losses, CoCos have the potential to satisfy regulatory capital requirement. 4452:(FFIEC) was established in 1979 as a formal inter-agency body empowered to prescribe uniform principles, standards, and report forms for the federal examination of financial institutions. Although the FFIEC has resulted in a greater degree of regulatory consistency between the agencies, the rules and regulations are constantly changing. 3028:

of the total, 56% in 2008–2009, down from 61% in the previous year. Asian banks' share increased from 12% to 14% during the year, while the share of US banks increased from 11% to 13%. Fee revenue generated by global investment in banking totalled US$ 66.3 billion in 2009, up 12% on the previous year.

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Assets of the largest 1,000 banks in the world grew by 6.8% in the 2008–2009 financial year to a record US$ 96.4 trillion while profits declined by 85% to US$ 115 billion. Growth in assets in adverse market conditions was largely a result of recapitalisation. EU banks held the largest share

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includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not, who carry on the business of banking' (Section 2, Interpretation). Although this definition seems circular, it is actually functional, because it ensures that the legal basis for bank transactions such as cheques does not depend on how the bank

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In addition to changing regulations, changes in the industry have led to consolidations within the Federal Reserve, FDIC, OTS, and OCC. Offices have been closed, supervisory regions have been merged, staff levels have been reduced and budgets have been cut. The remaining regulators face an increased

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These implied contractual terms may be modified by express agreement between the customer and the bank. The statutes and regulations in force within a particular jurisdiction may also modify the above terms or create new rights, obligations, or limitations relevant to the bank-customer relationship.

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The changing economic environment has a significant impact on banks and thrifts as they struggle to effectively manage their interest rate spread in the face of low rates on loans, rate competition for deposits and the general market changes, industry trends and economic fluctuations. It has been a

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The United States has the most banks in the world in terms of institutions (5,330 as of 2015) and possibly branches (81,607 as of 2015). This is an indicator of the geography and regulatory structure of the US, resulting in a large number of small to medium-sized institutions in its banking system.

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Banks also face a host of other challenges such as ageing ownership groups. Across the country, many banks' management teams and boards of directors are ageing. Banks also face ongoing pressure from shareholders, both public and private, to achieve earnings and growth projections. Regulators place

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Between 1985 and 2018 banks engaged in around 28,798 mergers or acquisitions, either as the acquirer or the target company. The overall known value of these deals cumulates to around 5,169 bil. USD. In terms of value, there have been two major waves (1999 and 2007) which both peaked at around 460

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Banks issue new money when they make loans. In contemporary banking systems, regulators set a minimum level of reserve funds that banks must hold against the deposit liabilities created by the funding of these loans, in order to ensure that the banks can meet demands for payment of such deposits.

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who deposit large sums of money on behalf of investors through trust corporations. This money will generally go to the banks which offer the most favourable terms, often better than those offered local depositors. It is possible for a bank to engage in business with no local deposits at all, all

2045:"banking business" means the business of receiving money on current or deposit account, paying and collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers, the making of advances to customers, and includes such other business as the Authority may prescribe for the purposes of this Act; (Banking Act ( 5748:

the promissory note originated as a receipt given by the goldsmith for money, which he took charge of for a customer but was not allowed to use. Such a note was relly a warehouse voucher which could not be assigned. When, however, it became a receipt for a money deposit, which the goldsmith was

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Credit quality improvement – banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its

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Netting and settlement of payments – banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economise on reserves held for settlement of

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There are several reasons for this, one of which is the lax attitude some banks have adopted because of the years of "good times." The potential for this is exacerbated by the reduction in the regulatory oversight of banks and in some cases depth of management. Problems are more likely to go

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or payment at the customer's order. These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par. They are effectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or

5957:(Banking Ordinance, Section 2, Interpretation, Hong Kong) In this case the definition is extended to include accepting any deposits repayable in less than 3 months, companies that accept deposits of greater than HK$ 100 000 for periods of greater than 3 months are regulated as 4487:

added pressure on banks to manage the various categories of risk. Banking is also an extremely competitive industry. Competing in the financial services industry has become tougher with the entrance of such players as insurance agencies, credit unions, cheque cashing services,

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The management of the banks' asset portfolios also remains a challenge in today's economic environment. Loans are a bank's primary asset category and when loan quality becomes suspect, the foundation of a bank is shaken to the core. While always an issue for banks, declining

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obligations. However, banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to raise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position.

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of the 1980s. Regulation of brokered deposits is opposed by banks on the grounds that the practice can be a source of external funding to growing communities with insufficient local deposits. There are different types of accounts: saving, recurring and current accounts.

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Usually, the definition of the business of banking for the purposes of regulation is extended to include acceptance of deposits, even if they are not repayable to the customer's order – although money lending, by itself, is generally not included in the definition.

6424:, 4th ed. (Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009), 125. This popular university textbook explains: "Generally speaking, U.S. financial institutions have been much more heavily regulated and faced greater limitations ... than have their foreign counterparts." 2146:

Banks provide different payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses and individuals. Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are normally not considered as an adequate substitute for a bank account.

3048::24000+) with an additional 140 smaller banks with an undetermined number of branches. Japan had 129 banks and 12,000 branches. In 2004, Germany, France, and Italy each had more than 30,000 branches – more than double the 15,000 branches in the United Kingdom. 3902: 2371:

Recently, as banks have been faced with pressure from fintechs, new and additional business models have been suggested such as freemium, monetisation of data, white-labeling of banking and payment applications, or the cross-selling of complementary products.

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The Danish loan is the first of many such transactions on behalf of governments which rapidly establish the Rothschild family as Europe's most powerful bankers, rising to a pre-eminence comparable to that of the Medici and the Fugger in earlier centuries.

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Another major challenge is the ageing infrastructure, also called legacy IT. Backend systems were built decades ago and are incompatible with new applications. Fixing bugs and creating interfaces costs huge sums, as knowledgeable programmers become scarce.

4109:: banks that manage the assets of high-net-worth individuals. Historically a minimum of US$ 1 million was required to open an account, however, over the last years, many private banks have lowered their entry hurdles to US$ 350,000 for private investors. 1837:, which evolved into banknotes, were issued for money deposited as a loan to the goldsmith. Thus, by the 19th century, we find in ordinary cases of deposits, of money with banking corporations, or bankers, the transaction amounts to a mere loan, or 4659:

Custodial accounts are accounts in which assets are held for a third party. For example, businesses that accept custody of funds for clients prior to their conversion, return, or transfer may have a custodial account at a bank for these purposes.

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However, with the convenience of easy credit, there is also an increased risk that consumers will mismanage their financial resources and accumulate excessive debt. Banks make money from card products through interest charges and fees charged to

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undetected, resulting in a significant impact on the bank when they are discovered. In addition, banks, like any business, struggle to cut costs and have consequently eliminated certain expenses, such as adequate employee training programs.

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allowed to use for the purpose of making advances to his customers, it developed into an assignable instrument. Ultimately such notes were issued by the goldsmiths in the form of loans and were not necessarily backed by coin and bullion.

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performs banking transactions or professional banking consultations via a remote video and audio connection. Video banking can be performed via purpose built banking transaction machines (similar to an Automated teller machine) or via a

2311:, which allows banks again to merge with investment and insurance houses. Merging banking, investment, and insurance functions allows traditional banks to respond to increasing consumer demands for "one-stop shopping" by enabling 4526:

obligations, agency securities, and corporate debt. One of the greatest factors in recent years in the movement of deposits was the tremendous growth of money market funds whose higher interest rates attracted consumer deposits.

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The bank account balance is the financial position between the bank and the customer: when the account is in credit, the bank owes the balance to the customer; when the account is overdrawn, the customer owes the balance to the

1845:. The promissory notes developed into an assignable instrument which could circulate as a safe and convenient form of money backed by the goldsmith's promise to pay, allowing goldsmiths to advance loans with little risk of 4050:

activities. Since the two no longer have to be under separate ownership, some use the term "commercial bank" to refer to a bank or a division of a bank that mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large

4265:. This form of banking revolves around several well-established principles based on Islamic laws. All banking activities must avoid interest, a concept that is forbidden in Islam. Instead, the bank earns profit ( 4092:

owned by the depositors and often offering rates more favourable than for-profit banks. Typically, membership is restricted to employees of a particular company, residents of a defined area, members of a certain

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The bank must not disclose details of transactions through the customer's account – unless the customer consents, there is a public duty to disclose, the bank's interests require it, or the law demands

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on loans. This helps to offset the losses from bad loans, lowers the price of loans to those who have better credit histories, and offers credit products to high risk customers who would otherwise be denied

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between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate. Historically, profitability from lending activities has been cyclical and dependent on the needs and strengths of loan customers and the stage of the

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in 1920. The main objective of the LDBs is to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production. The LDBs provide long-term finance to members directly through their

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The business of banking is in many common law countries not defined by statute but by common law, the definition above. In other English common law jurisdictions there are statutory definitions of the

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receiving from the general public money on current, deposit, savings or other similar account repayable on demand or within less than ... or with a period of call or notice of less than that period;

4445:(OCC) is the primary federal regulator for national banks. State non-member banks are examined by the state agencies as well as the FDIC. National banks have one primary regulator – the OCC. 4433:

The United States banking industry is one of the most heavily regulated and guarded in the world, with multiple specialised and focused regulators. All banks with FDIC-insured deposits have the

5402:(1) a firm with a Part 4A Permission to carry on the regulated activity of accepting deposits and is a credit institution, but is not a credit union, friendly society or a building society; or 4668:

In modern times there have been huge reductions to the barriers of global competition in the banking industry. Increases in telecommunications and other financial technologies, such as

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had, on average, four times more brokered deposits as a percent of their deposits than the average bank. Such deposits, combined with risky real estate investments, factored into the

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payments since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them.

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from business lending to consumer lending, which means charging higher interest rates to those customers that are considered to be a higher credit risk and thus increased chance of

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over time (in some countries with underdeveloped financial systems, it is still common to deal strictly in cash, including carrying suitcases filled with cash to purchase a home).

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All withdrawals and deposits are completely the sole decision and responsibility of the account owner unless the parent or guardian is required to do otherwise for legal reasons.

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A bank can generate revenue in a variety of different ways including interest, transaction fees and financial advice. Traditionally, the most significant method is via charging

2300:. Fees and financial advice constitute a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on these revenue lines to smooth their financial performance. 2756: 6590: 4226:

companies, engage in several of these activities. These big banks are very diversified groups that, among other services, also distribute insurance – hence the term

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drawn by customers in the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as

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there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. The bank credits a

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Notice accounts – the equivalent of certificate accounts with an indefinite term. Savers agree to notify the institution a specified time before withdrawal.

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from the difference between the level of interest it pays for deposits and other sources of funds, and the level of interest it charges in its lending activities.

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Banking crises have developed many times throughout history when one or more risks have emerged for the banking sector as a whole. Prominent examples include the

2993:(the possibility that the bank will become unprofitable, if rising interest rates force it to pay relatively more on its deposits than it receives on its loans). 3836:

The bank agrees to promptly collect the cheques deposited to the customer's account as the customer's agent and to credit the proceeds to the customer's account.

2831:: risk that the value of a portfolio, either an investment portfolio or a trading portfolio, will decrease due to the change in value of the market risk factors. 2303:

In the past 20 years, American banks have taken many measures to ensure that they remain profitable while responding to increasingly changing market conditions.

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The customer debits his or her savings/bank (asset) in his ledger when making a deposit (and the account is normally in debit), while the customer credits a

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Credit risk is most simply defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms.

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The bank must not close a customer's account without reasonable notice, since cheques are outstanding in the ordinary course of business for several days.

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These reserves can be acquired through the acceptance of new deposits, sale of other assets, or borrowing from other banks including the central bank.

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Banking as an archaic activity (or quasi-banking) is thought to have begun as early as the end of the 4th millennium BCE, to the 3rd millennia BCE.

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Third, they have sought to increase the methods of payment processing available to the general public and business clients. These products include

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Unlike most other regulated industries, the regulator is typically also a participant in the market, being either publicly or privately governed

3243: 1569:, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure 6136: 4247:

are normally government-owned and charged with quasi-regulatory responsibilities, such as supervising commercial banks, or controlling the cash

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The bank agrees to pay the customer's checks up to the amount standing to the credit of the customer's account, plus any agreed overdraft limit.

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NOW and Super NOW accounts – function like checking accounts but earn interest. A minimum balance may be required on Super NOW accounts.

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in order to conduct their business, and how well these risks are managed and understood is a key driver behind profitability, and how much

2742: 1633: 5537: 5376: 4566: – a form of retirement savings in which the funds deposited and interest earned are exempt from income tax until after withdrawal. 1521: 6280: 6187: 3433:

Currently, commercial banks are regulated in most jurisdictions by government entities and require a special bank license to operate.

1001: 6675: 6659: 5136: 4442: 3750: 3490: 6259: 5729:. Routledge Library Editions: Banking and Finance. Vol. 30 (reprint ed.). London: Routledge (published 2012). p. 40. 4550: – carry a monthly limit of preauthorised transfers to other accounts or persons and may require a minimum or average balance. 2825:: risk that a given security or asset cannot be traded quickly enough in the market to prevent a loss (or make the required profit). 4603: 4523: 4127:: banks that prioritize the transparency of all operations and make only what they consider to be socially responsible investments. 3668: 2724: 3841:

And, the bank has a right to combine the customer's accounts since each account is just an aspect of the same credit relationship.

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combining "banque or bank" and "assurance", signifying that both banking and insurance are provided by the same corporate entity.

4185:. The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike 6097: 4057:: locally operated financial institutions that empower employees to make local decisions to serve their customers and partners. 3634: 3485: 3450: 3016: 2622: 3015:

The 2023 global banking crisis is the latest of these crises: In March 2023, liquidity shortages and bank insolvencies led to

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In the ordinary cases of deposits of money with banking corporations, or bankers, the transaction amounts to a mere loan or

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The bank may not pay from the customer's account without a mandate from the customer, e.g. a cheque drawn by the customer.

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To be able to provide home buyers and builders with the funds needed, banks must compete for deposits. The phenomenon of

3629: 3580: 2664: 2628: 6717: 6109: 5693:, or irregular deposit, and the bank is to restore, not the same money, but an equivalent sum, whenever it is demanded. 5431: 5166: 3795: 2960:

system, a new sum of money is created and conversely, whenever the principal on that loan is repaid money is destroyed.

6591:"To what extent will the banking industry be globalized? A study of bank nationality and reach in 20 European nations" 4437:(FDIC) as a regulator. However, for soundness examinations (i.e., whether a bank is operating in a sound manner), the 6081: 5734: 4804: 4643: 4390: 4324: 4115:: banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation. Many offshore banks are essentially private banks. 2873: 2729: 2688: 2504: 977: 5805: 4372: 4046:, the U.S. Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to 6322: 3906:

An illustration of Northern National Bank as advertised in a 1921 book highlighting the opportunities available in

2262: 5932: 6595: 6144: 4414: 1757: 1640: 141: 1818:, and who charged a fee for that service. In exchange for each deposit of precious metal, the goldsmiths issued 5545: 5525: 5505: 5027: 4368: 3877:, may be partly or wholly exempt from bank license requirements, and therefore regulated under separate rules. 2308: 1514: 725: 476: 2528: 2488: 1964:

The definition of a bank varies from country to country. See the relevant country pages for more information.

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Each regulatory agency has its own set of rules and regulations to which banks and thrifts must adhere. The

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Here is a list of the largest deals in history in terms of value with participation from at least one bank:

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Banks are susceptible to many forms of risk which have triggered occasional systemic crises. These include

1866: 1769: 1163: 849: 226: 2271:, who works for the bank based on a contract, whose main job is to increase the customer base for the bank 1756:

families dominated banking in 14th-century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of Europe.

6712: 6526: 4764: 3641: 2878: 2380: 2199: 1849:. Thus the goldsmiths of London became the forerunners of banking by creating new money based on credit. 1574: 670: 6006: 5472: 3850:

on cheques deposited to the customer's account, to the extent that the customer is indebted to the bank.

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is a banking operation without any physical bank branches. Transactions are usually accomplished using

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Bank by mail: Most banks accept cheque deposits via mail and use mail to communicate to their customers

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In most common law jurisdictions there is a Bills of Exchange Act that codifies the law in relation to

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This article is about financial organisation that provides money upon conditions. For other uses, see

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Certificate accounts – subject to loss of some or all interest on withdrawals before maturity.

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Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by the government, or are

3939: 3009: 2405: 1972: 1507: 1450: 1245: 1168: 533: 368: 6653: 6050: 4602:

are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under

4063:: regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to under-served markets or populations. 3019:, and within two weeks, several of the world's largest banks failed or were shut down by regulators 1826:; these receipts could not be assigned, only the original depositor could collect the stored goods. 5156: 5037: 4990: 4702: 4353: 4135: 4017: 3880:

The requirements for the issue of a bank license vary between jurisdictions but typically include:

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Bolt, Wilko; Haan, Leo de; Hoeberichts, Marco; Oordt, Maarten van; Swank, Job (September 2012).

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The first state deposit bank was the Bank of St. George in Genoa, which was established in 1407.

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Richards, Richard D. (1929). "The Goldsmith bankers and the evolution of English paper money".

5293: 5161: 5146: 4916: 4681: 3890:'Fit and Proper' requirements for the bank's controllers, owners, directors, or senior officers 3553: 2784: 2456: 2014: 1884: 1485: 1362: 1337: 1295: 1208: 38: 6561: 5384: 3717: 6512: 6236: 5627: 5617: 5203: 5126: 4495: 4364: 4252: 4164: 4100: 4070: 4066: 3984: 2343: 2097: 1904: 1410: 970: 904: 665: 603: 563: 422: 201: 191: 31: 6682:

Provides an overview of the national banking system of the US, its regulation, and the OCC.

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Richards. The usual denomination was 50 or 100 pounds, so these notes were not an everyday

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Commentaries on the Law of Bailments: With Illustrations from the Civil and the Foreign Law

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Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of

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had to dollars moving from savings accounts and into direct market instruments such as

4223: 4042:: the term used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the 3945: 3422: 2990: 2861:, which sets a framework within which a bank or depository institution must manage its 2319: 2285: 2168: 2006: 1990: 1971:, a banker is defined as a person who carries on the business of banking by conducting 1968: 1948:"bench, counter". Benches were used as makeshift desks or exchange counters during the 1806:

emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. Merchants started to store their gold with the

1784: 1695: 1601: 1470: 1357: 1085: 869: 844: 740: 735: 623: 608: 583: 548: 336: 156: 54: 6670: 6608: 6188:"Bank Stability and Market Discipline: Debt-for-Equity Swap versus Subordinated Notes" 4530:

To compete for deposits, US savings institutions offer many different types of plans:

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bankers, who used to make their transactions atop desks covered by green tablecloths.

6530: 6491: 6077: 5730: 5635: 5541: 5521: 5501: 5427: 5423: 5303: 5278: 5253: 5233: 5223: 5213: 5141: 4926: 4886: 4819: 4697: 4519: 4266: 3949: 3929: 2840: 2806: 2802: 2441: 2323: 2238: 1900: 1846: 1830: 1765: 1629: 1585: 1290: 1275: 1223: 1203: 1133: 1090: 947: 782: 777: 618: 588: 523: 236: 6352: 6230:"No Pain, No Gain? Effecting Market Discipline via "Reverse Convertible Debentures"" 4541: – permit any amount to be added to or withdrawn from the account at any time. 3558: 3008:

in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Japanese banking crisis during the 1990s, and the

2865:. The categorisation of assets and capital is highly standardised so that it can be 6702: 6679: 6604: 6225: 6157: 6153: 5819: 5283: 5273: 5258: 5248: 5218: 4965: 4955: 4950: 4901: 4846: 4799: 4569: 4499: 4198: 4043: 3923: 3870: 3780: 3691: 3658: 3200: 3001: 2909: 2834: 2704: 2584: 2546: 2532: 2385: 2256: 2211: 2143:, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. 2140: 1935: 1625: 1589: 1382: 1347: 1342: 1327: 1312: 1250: 1218: 1123: 1009: 993: 963: 931: 859: 837: 817: 792: 655: 645: 553: 471: 6353:"M&A by Industries - Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA)" 2139:. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making 2127:

Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting

6522: 6516: 5724: 5674: 5621: 5243: 5007: 4985: 4921: 4896: 4876: 4774: 4759: 4717: 4712: 4579: 4538: 4438: 4203: 4156: 4106: 4054: 4039: 3935: 3893:

Approval of the bank's business plan as being sufficiently prudent and plausible.

3784: 3532: 3519: 3514: 3295: 3263: 3141: 2858: 2776: 2578: 2551: 2540: 2436: 2361: 2172: 2164: 1994: 1942: 1876: 1834: 1790: 1609: 1562: 1550:. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through 1539: 1480: 1465: 1425: 1322: 1307: 1280: 1260: 1190: 1180: 899: 884: 874: 797: 787: 700: 650: 593: 573: 543: 518: 493: 407: 297: 287: 136: 111: 75: 4171:

activities such as M&A, trade for their own accounts, make markets, provide

3775:. However, in some countries, this is not the case. In the UK, for example, the 2207:

Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services:

429: 6697: 6619: 5670: 5104: 4881: 4851: 4836: 4599: 4503: 4471: 4219: 4168: 4143: 4047: 4031: 3994: 3973: 3917: 3813: – defined as any entity for which the bank agrees to conduct an account. 3805:

Banking law is based on a contractual analysis of the relationship between the

3696: 3590: 3568: 3563: 3231: 3032:

As of November 2009, China's top four banks have in excess of 67,000 branches (

2982: 2953: 2846: 2822: 2790: 2652: 2478: 2393: 2368:

This helps in making a profit and facilitates economic development as a whole.

2297: 2232: 2226: 2160: 2136: 2073: 1924: 1648: 1551: 1543: 1475: 1440: 1285: 1235: 1173: 1045: 951: 864: 832: 772: 705: 690: 685: 613: 412: 395: 378: 282: 247: 231: 216: 131: 6589:

Berger, Allen N; Dai, Qinglei; Ongena, Steven; Smith, David C (1 March 2003).

5518:

Temples, Tithes, and Taxes: The Temple and the Economic Life of Ancient Israel

4302: 4073:(LDB). The history of LDB is quite old. The first LDB was started at Jhang in 2985:(where many depositors may request withdrawals in excess of available funds), 2819:: risk of loss arising from a borrower who does not make payments as promised. 6691: 5878: 5866:

The family is soon represented in all the important centres of the continent.

5835:

International financing in the 19th Century took hold due to the Rothschilds.

5679:(9 ed.). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company (published 1878). p. 87 5151: 5032: 5022: 5012: 4995: 4931: 4707: 4465: 4426: 4248: 4227: 4211: 4182: 4178: 4112: 4020: 3874: 3455: 3327: 3307: 3037: 2862: 2559: 2483: 2446: 2312: 2251: 2188: 2109: 1928: 1644: 1597: 1578: 1495: 1455: 1400: 1025: 909: 889: 812: 767: 538: 528: 508: 385: 196: 186: 166: 101: 91: 5970:

e.g. Tyree's Banking Law in New Zealand, A L Tyree, LexisNexis 2003, p. 70.

5709: 5666: 5354: 5342: 5094: 5089: 5057: 5042: 4975: 4970: 4960: 4824: 4734: 4258: 4244: 4124: 4118: 4089: 4081: 3907: 3768: 3651: 3646: 3595: 3523: 3398: 3109: 2798: 2658: 2128: 2069: 1986: 1749: 1420: 1317: 1055: 695: 498: 363: 302: 259: 221: 206: 126: 106: 69: 4207: 3816:

The law implies rights and obligations into this relationship as follows:

3771:. Central banks also typically have a monopoly on the business of issuing 2890: 2342:. They make it easier for consumers to conveniently make transactions and 6557: 6330: 5099: 5072: 5062: 5047: 4744: 4739: 4618: 4488: 4231: 4131: 4094: 3624: 3575: 3359: 3339: 3275: 2989:(the chance that those who owe money to the bank will not repay it), and 2986: 2828: 2816: 2637: 2608: 2473: 2426: 2353: 2339: 2084: 2052:"banking business" means the business of either or both of the following: 1949: 1761: 1725: 1636: 1588:

but, in many ways, functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts of

1415: 1377: 1367: 1352: 1080: 1070: 1050: 1040: 1035: 854: 745: 715: 326: 211: 146: 96: 6024: 4251:. They generally provide liquidity to the banking system and act as the 2400: 1663: 6195: 5924: 5084: 4891: 4866: 4563: 4160: 3701: 2431: 2357: 2335: 2331: 2089: 1908: 1815: 1632: – have played a central role over many centuries. The 1194: 1142: 1095: 1065: 1060: 331: 6101: 6096: 4582: – designed to help people save regularly to meet certain goals. 4210:, Brazil, the bank is the largest financial institution in Brazil and 2315:

of products (which, the banks hope, will also increase profitability).

6288: 5067: 4911: 4856: 4639: 4306: 4003: 3470: 2924: 2573: 2563: 2409: 2180: 2132: 2046: 1888: 1807: 444: 266: 6459:"Banks scramble to fix old systems as IT 'cowboys' ride into sunset" 4342: 4269:) and fees on the financing facilities that it extends to customers. 4013: 3980: 2974: 2837:: risk arising from the execution of a company's business functions. 2241:

allows customers to conduct transactions over the telephone with an

1565:

over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as

1557:

Whereas banks play an important role in financial stability and the

6199:. The Hebrew University Business School. p. 59. Archived from 5761: 4945: 4829: 4534: 4422: 4418: 3772: 3465: 3428: 3153: 3121: 2997: 2468: 2421: 2281: 1953: 1880: 1857: 1803: 1729: 1030: 488: 321: 4572: – offered by some institutions under definite restrictions. 4007: 3057:

bil. USD followed by a steep decline (−82% from 2007 until 2018).

2849:: risks related to the aggregate economy the bank is operating in. 1829:

Gradually the goldsmiths began to lend money out on behalf of the

4784: 4441:

is the primary federal regulator for Fed-member state banks; the

3510: 3460: 2902: 2898: 2797:

a bank is required to hold. Bank capital consists principally of

2018: 1980: 1976: 1819: 1753: 1593: 1558: 1445: 1270: 1152: 807: 578: 181: 6074:

Blockchain Babel: The Crypto-craze and the Challenge to Business

2843:: a type of risk related to the trustworthiness of the business. 2581:

services (lock box, remote deposit capture, merchant processing)

4749: 4591: 4262: 4074: 3999: 3783:) issue their own banknotes in addition to those issued by the 3172: 2928: 2493: 2117: 2101: 2065: 2001: 1823: 1822:

certifying the quantity and purity of the metal they held as a

1811: 1741: 1724:

The present era of banking can be traced to medieval and early

1621: 1617: 1113: 358: 5820:"The History of Banks | How They've Changed through the Years" 2969: 2517: 2060:

paying or collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers.

5980:

McLeay, Michael; Radia, Amar; Thomas, Ryland (8 March 2014).

5109: 4906: 4841: 3968: 3799: 2389: 2068:(Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale), direct credit, 1899:

in London to allow multiple banks to clear transactions. The

1773: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1700: 1613: 1372: 1213: 466: 417: 4026: 6485: 4814: 4754: 3988: 3847: 3528: 3033: 2617: 2536: 2523: 2235:

is using one's mobile phone to conduct banking transactions

2229:

over the Internet to perform multiple types of transactions

2184: 2021:, and this Act contains a statutory definition of the term 1674: with: history after the 19th century. You can help by 1547: 1240: 1118: 1016: 675: 513: 439: 1907:

on a large scale, financing the purchase of shares in the

6436:"Making Innovation More Competitive: The Case of Fintech" 4638:. Accepting a significant quantity of such deposits, or " 4273: 4163:" (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, provide 4097:

or religious organisations, and their immediate families.

4069:: The special banks providing long-term loans are called 3920:, dealing directly with individuals and small businesses; 6357:

Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA)

6134: 6029:

BANKEDGE | Professional Certification Courses In Banking

5561:

A History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day

4663: 4494:

As a reaction, banks have developed their activities in

4103:: savings banks associated with national postal systems. 1577:

based on an international set of capital standards, the

37:"Banks" and "Banker" redirect here. For other uses, see 5604:

Banks, Places and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence

3779:

licenses banks, and some commercial banks (such as the

1891:

facility in 1728. By the beginning of the 19th century

1728:

Italy, to the rich cities in the centre and north like

2364:

to retailers who accept the bank's cards for payments.

1704:

This 15th-century painting depicts money-dealers at a

6510: 5618:"Central Banking: The Early Years: Other Early Banks" 5326: 4468:

has become a big problem for financial institutions.

2956:/destruction – whenever a bank gives out a loan in a 6638:

International Banking in the 19th and 20th Centuries

6588: 6518:

Monetary and Financial Statistics: Compilation Guide

6513:"Source Data for Monetary and Financial Statistics" 2479:

Personal loan (Secured and Unsecured Personal loan)

2284:on the capital it lends out to customers. The bank 1768:founded the earliest-known state deposit bank, and 4450:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 3022: 5979: 1760:set up one of the most famous Italian banks, the 6689: 4506:and have become big players in such activities. 2695:Standardized approach (counterparty credit risk) 5606:, Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain, Variorum 2812:Some of the main risks faced by banks include: 6562:"For Banks, Wads of Cash and Loads of Trouble" 6102:"Principles for the Management of Credit Risk" 5973: 5902: 5557: 3869:Some types of financial institutions, such as 4291:The examples and perspective in this section 3897: 3744: 2750: 1643:(founded in 1472), while the oldest existing 1515: 971: 6556: 6481: 6479: 6260:"Personal Data And The Next Subprime Crisis" 4150: 3926:, providing services to mid-market business; 3442:International regulatory standards for banks 1561:of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a 27:Financial institution which accepts deposits 5564:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996. 4513: 4371:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4189:, they tend not to invest in new companies. 3051: 2518:Business (or commercial/investment) banking 4309:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 4181:were traditionally banks which engaged in 3938:, providing wealth management services to 3751: 3737: 2757: 2743: 2096:Banks act as payment agents by conducting 1522: 1508: 978: 964: 68: 6676:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 6476: 5948:, 1966, English Court of Appeal, 2 QB 431 5577:universalis.fr Accessed 15 September 2018 5448:"How Banks Use Loans to Create Liquidity" 5137:List of bank mergers in the United States 4443:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 4391:Learn how and when to remove this message 4325:Learn how and when to remove this message 2919:The economic functions of banks include: 2781:Investment banking § Risk management 2131:, and by issuing debt securities such as 308:Transaction (checking / current) 6370: 6224: 5722: 5615: 5415: 4590: 4470: 4413: 4197: 4025: 4012: 3993: 3979: 3967: 3901: 3789: 3017:three bank failures in the United States 2968: 2889: 2771:Financial risk management § Banking 2725:Standardized approach (operational risk) 2399: 2379: 2198: 2083: 2000: 1985: 1851: 1783: 1699: 1538:is a financial institution that accepts 6488:Consumer and business credit management 6433: 6275: 6273: 5726:The Early History of Banking in England 4421:, The People's Trust Company Building, 4238: 3913:Banks' activities can be divided into: 2885: 2159:Activities undertaken by banks include 14: 6690: 6671:A Guide to the National Banking System 6486:Mishler, Lon; Cole, Robert E. (1995). 6137:"Bank Profitability during Recessions" 6098:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 5982:"Money creation in the modern economy" 4610:to increase its balance, and debits a 4274:Challenges within the banking industry 3932:, directed at large business entities; 3451:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision 2318:Second, they have expanded the use of 2291:This difference is referred to as the 2154: 6185: 6071: 5946:United Dominions Trust Ltd v Kirkwood 5935:from the original on 11 October 2023. 5665: 5593:, New York, Dodd, Mead & Company. 4664:Globalisation in the banking industry 4654: 4435:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 2914: 6490:. Homewood: Irwin. pp. 128–29. 6420:Scott Besley and Eugene F. Brigham, 6270: 4686: 4629:One source of deposits for banks is 4624: 4586: 4369:adding citations to reliable sources 4336: 4277: 4193: 3787:, the UK government's central bank. 2079: 1911:for the British government in 1875. 1658: 937: 6401:"List of Commercial Banks in Nepal" 6257: 5630:, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers ( 2665:Standardized approach (credit risk) 2629:Standardized approach (market risk) 2595: 2220:adjacent to or remote from the bank 24: 6630: 6456: 6110:Bank for International Settlements 5986:Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 5961:rather than as banks in Hong Kong. 5167:List of largest U.S. bank failures 3796:Bank for International Settlements 2876:, regulators force banks to issue 2275: 1979:drawn on them and also collecting 1879:originated the permanent issue of 25: 6729: 6660:Banking, Banks, and Credit Unions 6647: 6434:Van Loo, Rory (1 February 2018). 5616:Macesich, George (30 June 2000). 5498:The Kingdom of Armenia: A History 4805:International Bank Account Number 3963: 3389:Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group 2730:Standardised measurement approach 2505:National Electronic Fund Transfer 2259:enabled bank branch clarification 1772:(Bank of St. George), in 1407 at 1573:, banks are generally subject to 6596:Journal of Banking & Finance 6560:; Martin, Andrew (3 July 2009). 6376: 6145:Journal of Banking & Finance 5784:"A History of British Banknotes" 5383:. 1 January 2014. Archived from 5348: 5336: 4917:Treasury management § Banks 4403: 4341: 4282: 3948:, relating to activities on the 2927:and current accounts subject to 2785:Treasury management § Banks 2218:Automated teller machine banking 1662: 1608: – notably, the 1000: 946: 936: 927: 926: 6582: 6550: 6504: 6450: 6427: 6414: 6393: 6345: 6315: 6251: 6218: 6179: 6128: 6090: 6065: 6043: 6017: 5999: 5964: 5951: 5939: 5917: 5903:de Albuquerque, Martim (1855). 5896: 5871: 5840: 5812: 5804:. eccount money. Archived from 5802:"A short history of overdrafts" 5794: 5776: 5767: 5754: 5716: 5698: 5658: 5609: 5596: 5580: 3972:National Bank of the Republic, 3023:Size of global banking industry 2923:Issue of money, in the form of 2647:Internal ratings-based approach 1779: 1641:Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena 6511:Statistics Department (2001). 6292:. pp. 3–4. Archived from 6186:Raviv, Alon (13 August 2014). 6158:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.05.011 5568: 5551: 5530: 5510: 5490: 5465: 5440: 5409: 5368: 5028:Non-bank financial institution 4560:Individual retirement accounts 3278:Financial Corp, Massachusetts 2964: 2777:Finance § Risk management 2388:, now a modern retail bank in 2049:), Section 2, Interpretation). 1542:from the public and creates a 726:Strategic financial management 13: 1: 6609:10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00386-2 6323:"FDIC: HSOB Commercial Banks" 6072:Pejic, Igor (28 March 2019). 6053:. The Street. 24 October 2007 6025:"Banking Channels | Bankedge" 5540:Transaction Publishers, 2005 5361: 5309:Banking in the United Kingdom 4167:, and advise corporations on 3727:Business and Economics Portal 3416: 2874:financial crisis of 2007–2008 2714:Advanced measurement approach 2463:Individual retirement account 2203:An American bank in Maryland. 1959: 1795:, by Lady Jane Lindsay, 1905. 880:Sustainable development goals 6076:(1st ed.). Kogan Page. 5473:"Basel Regulatory Framework" 5314:Banking in the United States 5053:Savings and loan association 4410:Banking in the United States 4146:through an online interface. 4132:direct or internet-only bank 3777:Financial Services Authority 3684:Pillar 2: Supervisory review 3541:Pillar 1: Regulatory capital 3371:Royal Bank of Scotland Group 3203:, Charlotte, North Carolina 2879:Contingent convertible bonds 2245:, or when requested, with a 2098:checking or current accounts 2030:is structured or regulated. 1975:for their customers, paying 1914: 1758:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici 1596:that had their roots in the 1575:minimum capital requirements 1546:while simultaneously making 7: 6527:International Monetary Fund 5929:Online Etymology Dictionary 5909:. in: George Bell. p. 5623:Issues in Money and Banking 5538:Risk: A Sociological Theory 4765:Deposit creation multiplier 4675: 4524:U.S. Department of Treasury 4305:, discuss the issue on the 4061:Community development banks 3794:Global headquarters of the 3710:Pillar 3: Market disclosure 2603:Specific banking frameworks 2404:An interior of a branch of 2375: 2194: 1719: 10: 6734: 6666:(archived 11 January 2012) 6007:"How Do Banks Make Money?" 5669:(1832). "On Deposits". In 5632:Greenwood Publishing Group 5602:Goldthwaite, R. A. (1995) 4790:Fractional-reserve banking 4679: 4407: 4261:adhere to the concepts of 3940:high-net-worth individuals 3898:Different types of banking 3426: 3420: 2958:fractional-reserve banking 2907: 2774: 2768: 2511:Real-time gross settlement 2009:in Pokhara, Western Nepal. 1843:fractional reserve banking 1800:Fractional reserve banking 1693: 1654: 1567:fractional-reserve banking 631:Fractional-reserve banking 559:Enterprise risk management 36: 29: 6718:Economic history of Italy 5705:Lord Chancellor Cottenham 5419:The Principles of Banking 5416:Choudhry, Moorad (2012). 5132:List of accounting topics 5001:Independent advisory firm 4770:Electronic funds transfer 4614:to decrease its balance. 4222:, more commonly known as 4175:to institutional clients. 4151:Types of investment banks 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3010:sub-prime mortgage crisis 3000:that occurred during the 2442:Recurring deposit account 2415: 2406:National Westminster Bank 2307:First, this includes the 2212:Branch, in-person banking 2122:automated teller machines 1563:high degree of regulation 1451:Guaranteed minimum income 1246:Diversification (finance) 534:Diversification (finance) 5959:deposit taking companies 5591:Banking Through the Ages 5157:List of economics topics 5038:Person-to-person lending 4991:Boutique investment bank 4703:Automated teller machine 4578:Club accounts and other 4514:Loan activities of banks 3958:non-profit organisations 3809:(defined above) and the 3052:Mergers and acquisitions 2944:Asset liability mismatch 2720:Basic indicator approach 2674:Counterparty credit risk 2623:Internal models approach 2499:Automated teller machine 2344:smooth their consumption 2106:Automated Clearing House 1941:, meaning "table", from 1814:, who possessed private 1129:Employee stock ownership 1076:Refund anticipation loan 484:Automated teller machine 6656:– World's Biggest Banks 6379:"Land Development Bank" 5452:www.philadelphiafed.org 5177:List of stock exchanges 4981:Industrial loan company 4648:savings and loan crisis 4644:global financial crisis 3006:Savings and Loan crisis 2948:Maturity transformation 2789:Banks face a number of 2683:Current exposure method 1897:bankers' clearing house 1710:Cleansing of the Temple 1046:Unsecured personal loan 731:Stress test (financial) 43:Banker (disambiguation) 6381:. TNAU Agritech Portal 6051:"How Banks Make Money" 5883:www.localhistories.org 5879:"A History of Banking" 5764:for the common people. 5575:naissance de la banque 5558:Davies, R; Davies, G. 5477:www.federalreserve.gov 5294:Banking in Switzerland 5162:List of finance topics 5147:List of banking crises 4940:Types of institutions: 4682:Category:Banking terms 4596: 4479: 4430: 4215: 4071:land development banks 4067:Land development banks 4035: 4030:National Copper Bank, 4023: 4010: 3991: 3977: 3910: 3802: 3069:Acquiring institution 2978: 2905: 2457:Certificate of deposit 2412: 2397: 2309:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act 2204: 2100:for customers, paying 2093: 2015:negotiable instruments 2010: 1998: 1887:established the first 1885:Royal Bank of Scotland 1872: 1796: 1713: 1486:Universal basic income 1363:Portfolio optimization 1338:Investment performance 1209:Alternative investment 39:Banks (disambiguation) 6664:UCB Libraries GovPubs 6422:Principles of Finance 6237:University of Florida 5520:Baker Academic, 2006 5204:Banking in Bangladesh 5127:List of largest banks 4680:Further information: 4594: 4548:Money market accounts 4496:financial instruments 4474: 4417: 4255:in event of a crisis. 4253:lender of last resort 4201: 4165:investment management 4029: 4016: 3997: 3985:The BANK of Greenland 3983: 3971: 3905: 3887:Minimum capital ratio 3793: 2972: 2893: 2769:Further information: 2447:Fixed deposit account 2403: 2383: 2202: 2088:Large door to an old 2087: 2004: 1989: 1983:for their customers. 1905:international finance 1855: 1787: 1703: 905:Too connected to fail 666:Investment management 564:Environmental finance 423:Correspondent account 117:Community development 78:, established in 1694 32:Bank (disambiguation) 6640:(St Martin's, 1983) 6100:(30 November 1999). 5848:"History of banking" 5289:Banking in Singapore 5239:Banking in Hong Kong 5194:Banking in Australia 5172:List of oldest banks 4872:Pigmy Deposit Scheme 4862:Overdraft protection 4795:Full-reserve banking 4730:CAMELS rating system 4595:Suburban bank branch 4365:improve this section 4303:improve this section 4293:may not represent a 4239:Other types of banks 4140:electronic transfers 4101:Postal savings banks 3246:, Chicago, Illinois 2886:Banks in the economy 2452:Money market account 2269:Direct Selling Agent 2263:Relationship manager 2214:in a retail location 2114:telegraphic transfer 2064:Since the advent of 1770:Banco di San Giorgio 1491:Volatility (finance) 1461:Risk-return spectrum 1303:Fundamental analysis 1169:Defined contribution 803:Exchange traded fund 681:Mathematical finance 641:Fundamental analysis 636:Full-reserve banking 242:Bank holding company 152:Export credit agency 53:Part of a series on 5808:on 5 November 2013. 5269:Banking in Pakistan 5018:Mutual savings bank 4780:Factoring (finance) 4692:Terms and concepts: 4502:operations such as 4476:Safra National Bank 4173:securities services 3549:Capital requirement 3072:Target institution 2855:capital requirement 2689:Standardised method 2590:Securities Services 2243:automated attendant 2191:and other related. 2177:transaction banking 2155:Range of activities 2035:business of banking 1708:(bench) during the 1651:(founded in 1590). 1436:Financial inclusion 1431:Financial deepening 1333:Investment advisory 1105:Employment contract 895:Time value of money 721:Statistical finance 711:Sustainable finance 661:Investment advisory 303:Time deposit (Bond) 6713:Italian inventions 6636:Born, Karl Erich. 6567:The New York Times 6013:. 27 October 2017. 5788:britishnotes.co.uk 5299:Banking in Tunisia 5229:Banking in Germany 5209:Banking in Belgium 5199:Banking in Austria 5188:Banking by country 5115:White-collar crime 4810:Investment banking 4655:Custodial accounts 4597: 4480: 4431: 4224:financial services 4216: 4086:co-operative banks 4036: 4024: 4011: 3992: 3978: 3946:investment banking 3911: 3871:building societies 3803: 3423:Banking regulation 2991:interest rate risk 2979: 2915:Economic functions 2906: 2847:Macroeconomic risk 2413: 2408:on Castle Street, 2398: 2320:risk-based pricing 2247:telephone operator 2205: 2169:investment banking 2094: 2011: 1999: 1991:Banco de Venezuela 1969:English common law 1895:had established a 1873: 1797: 1714: 1696:History of banking 1602:history of banking 1471:Structured product 1411:Citizen's dividend 1358:Passive management 1086:Debt consolidation 870:Security (finance) 845:History of banking 741:Structured product 736:Structured finance 549:Economic expansion 55:financial services 6654:Guardian Datablog 6536:978-1-58906-584-0 6497:978-0-256-13948-8 6258:Rustici, Chiara. 6228:(November 2002). 6226:Flannery, Mark J. 6167:on 3 October 2020 6031:. 8 February 2016 5906:Notes and Queries 5641:978-0-275-96777-2 5500:Routledge, 2001 5381:Rulebook Glossary 5377:"Bank of England" 5324: 5323: 5304:Banking in Turkey 5279:Banking in Russia 5254:Banking in Israel 5234:Banking in Greece 5224:Banking in France 5214:Banking in Canada 5142:List of bank runs 4927:Wealth management 4887:Shell corporation 4820:Pre-qualification 4698:Anonymous banking 4636:brokered deposits 4625:Brokered deposits 4587:Types of accounts 4570:Checking accounts 4520:disintermediation 4401: 4400: 4393: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4194:Combination banks 4088:: not-for-profit 3950:financial markets 3930:corporate banking 3761: 3760: 3443: 3414: 3413: 3115:Other financials 2897:main building in 2841:Reputational risk 2807:subordinated debt 2803:retained earnings 2767: 2766: 2334:, prepaid cards, 2239:Telephone banking 2165:corporate banking 2141:installment loans 2080:Standard business 1802:and the issue of 1766:Republic of Genoa 1692: 1691: 1606:banking dynasties 1586:Renaissance Italy 1532: 1531: 1204:Active management 1134:Employee benefits 1091:Debt rescheduling 988: 987: 783:Corporate finance 778:Capital structure 753: 752: 524:Corporate finance 344: 343: 16:(Redirected from 6725: 6680:Washington, D.C. 6624: 6623: 6617: 6615: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6483: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6431: 6425: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6333:on 26 March 2010 6329:. Archived from 6319: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6298: 6285: 6277: 6268: 6267: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6234: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6205: 6192: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6166: 6160:. Archived from 6141: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6118: 6106: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5977: 5971: 5968: 5962: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5860: 5858: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5824:worldbank.org.ro 5816: 5810: 5809: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5720: 5714: 5713:(1848) 2 HLC 28. 5702: 5696: 5695: 5686: 5684: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5648: 5613: 5607: 5600: 5594: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5555: 5549: 5534: 5528: 5514: 5508: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404:(2) an EEA bank. 5394: 5392: 5372: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5332: 5284:Banking in Spain 5274:Banking in Qatar 5264:Banking in Japan 5259:Banking in Italy 5249:Banking in India 5219:Banking in China 4966:Cooperative bank 4956:Building society 4902:Substitute check 4847:Money laundering 4800:Internet banking 4725:Bankers' bonuses 4687: 4580:savings accounts 4539:deposit accounts 4500:financial market 4491:companies, etc. 4396: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4345: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4286: 4285: 4278: 4232:portmanteau word 4157:Investment banks 4044:Great Depression 4040:Commercial banks 3924:business banking 3781:Bank of Scotland 3753: 3746: 3739: 3692:Economic capital 3659:Operational risk 3441: 3439:Basel Framework 3436: 3435: 3364:National agency 3213:BankAmerica Corp 3201:NationsBank Corp 3063: 3062: 3002:Great Depression 2910:Financial system 2835:Operational risk 2759: 2752: 2745: 2705:Operational risk 2600: 2599: 2596:Capital and risk 2556:foreign exchange 2547:Revolving credit 2489:Current accounts 2386:building society 2362:transaction fees 2257:video conference 2185:consumer finance 2161:personal banking 2074:internet banking 2039:banking business 1973:current accounts 1870: 1856:Interior of the 1835:promissory notes 1687: 1684: 1666: 1659: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1393: 1383:Target date fund 1348:Investor profile 1343:Investment style 1328:Impact investing 1313:Growth investing 1251:Equity (finance) 1124:Salary packaging 1004: 994:Personal finance 990: 989: 980: 973: 966: 950: 940: 939: 930: 929: 860:Personal finance 793:Equity (finance) 656:Impact investing 646:Growth investing 554:Enterprise value 461: 460: 272: 271: 227:Savings and loan 72: 50: 49: 21: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6688: 6687: 6650: 6633: 6631:Further reading 6628: 6627: 6613: 6611: 6587: 6583: 6573: 6571: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6523:Washington D.C. 6509: 6505: 6498: 6484: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6455: 6451: 6440:UCLA Law Review 6432: 6428: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6300: 6299:on 15 June 2012 6296: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6271: 6256: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6232: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6206:on 13 July 2018 6203: 6190: 6184: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6139: 6133: 6129: 6116: 6114: 6104: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6032: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5988: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5856: 5854: 5846: 5845: 5841: 5828: 5826: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5773:Richards, p. 40 5772: 5768: 5759: 5755: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5721: 5717: 5703: 5699: 5682: 5680: 5671:Schouler, James 5663: 5659: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5634:). p. 42. 5614: 5610: 5601: 5597: 5585: 5581: 5573: 5569: 5556: 5552: 5535: 5531: 5515: 5511: 5495: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5401: 5390: 5388: 5387:on 13 July 2018 5375: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5327: 5325: 5244:Banking in Iran 5182: 5008:Islamic banking 4986:Investment bank 4922:Venture capital 4897:Stock statement 4877:Private banking 4775:Ethical banking 4760:Deposit account 4718:Banking license 4713:Bank regulation 4684: 4678: 4666: 4657: 4631:deposit brokers 4627: 4600:Bank statements 4589: 4516: 4439:Federal Reserve 4412: 4406: 4397: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4362: 4346: 4331: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4241: 4220:Universal banks 4204:Banco do Brasil 4196: 4153: 4144:direct deposits 4055:Community banks 3966: 3936:private banking 3900: 3884:Minimum capital 3846:The bank has a 3785:Bank of England 3757: 3533:Risk management 3520:Monetary policy 3440: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3378:United Kingdom 3367:United Kingdom 3296:Bank of America 3264:Bank of America 3142:Travelers Group 3088: 3078: 3076: 3066:Date announced 3054: 3025: 2967: 2917: 2912: 2888: 2859:bank regulation 2787: 2773: 2763: 2598: 2585:Credit services 2579:Cash management 2552:Risk management 2529:Capital raising 2520: 2437:Savings account 2418: 2378: 2278: 2276:Business models 2197: 2173:private banking 2157: 2082: 1962: 1943:Old High German 1923:was taken into 1917: 1877:Bank of England 1864: 1791:Bank of England 1789:Sealing of the 1782: 1764:, in 1397. The 1722: 1698: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1672:needs expansion 1657: 1634:oldest existing 1552:capital markets 1528: 1481:Systematic risk 1466:Social dividend 1426:Economic bubble 1391: 1323:Hedge (finance) 1308:Government bond 1261:Estate planning 1191:Personal budget 1185: 1181:Social security 1164:Defined benefit 1157: 984: 919: 918: 900:Too big to fail 885:Systematic risk 798:Ethical banking 788:Cost of capital 763: 755: 754: 701:Private banking 671:Islamic banking 651:Hedge (finance) 574:Ethical banking 544:Economic bubble 519:Climate finance 494:Bank regulation 458: 450: 449: 408:Instant payment 354: 346: 345: 269: 252: 251: 87: 79: 76:Bank of England 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6731: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6708:Legal entities 6705: 6700: 6684: 6683: 6667: 6657: 6649: 6648:External links 6646: 6645: 6644: 6632: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6620:Google Scholar 6603:(3): 383–415. 6581: 6549: 6535: 6529:. p. 24. 6503: 6496: 6475: 6457:Irrera, Anna. 6449: 6426: 6413: 6392: 6369: 6344: 6314: 6281:"Banking 2010" 6269: 6250: 6217: 6178: 6152:(9): 2552–64. 6127: 6089: 6082: 6064: 6042: 6016: 6011:GOBankingRates 5998: 5972: 5963: 5950: 5938: 5916: 5895: 5870: 5839: 5811: 5793: 5775: 5766: 5753: 5735: 5715: 5697: 5657: 5640: 5608: 5595: 5587:Hoggson, N. F. 5579: 5567: 5550: 5529: 5509: 5489: 5464: 5439: 5433:978-1119755647 5432: 5408: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5345: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5121:Related lists: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5105:Mortgage fraud 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4882:Private credit 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4852:Narrow banking 4849: 4844: 4839: 4837:Mobile banking 4834: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4685: 4677: 4674: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4626: 4623: 4612:credit account 4608:credit account 4588: 4585: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4515: 4512: 4408:Main article: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4381:September 2008 4349: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4332: 4315:September 2009 4297:of the subject 4295:worldwide view 4290: 4288: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4256: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4179:Merchant banks 4176: 4169:capital market 4152: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4113:Offshore banks 4110: 4104: 4098: 4079: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4048:capital market 4032:Salt Lake City 3974:Salt Lake City 3965: 3964:Types of banks 3962: 3954: 3953: 3943: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3918:retail banking 3899: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3851: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3697:Liquidity risk 3694: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3583: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3559:Leverage ratio 3556: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3526: 3517: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3468: 3463: 3453: 3445: 3444: 3421:Main article: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3316:United States 3314: 3311: 3305: 3304:United States 3302: 3299: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3284:United States 3282: 3279: 3273: 3272:United States 3270: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3252:United States 3250: 3247: 3241: 3240:United States 3238: 3235: 3232:JPMorgan Chase 3229: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3220:United States 3218: 3215: 3210: 3209:United States 3207: 3204: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3161:United States 3159: 3156: 3151: 3150:United States 3148: 3145: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3079:($ millions) 3073: 3070: 3067: 3053: 3050: 3024: 3021: 3012:in the 2000s. 2983:liquidity risk 2966: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2954:Money creation 2951: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2916: 2913: 2887: 2884: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2823:Liquidity risk 2820: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2747: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2677: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2656: 2653:Foundation IRB 2650: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2620: 2612: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2571: 2560:interest rates 2549: 2544: 2526: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2414: 2394:West Yorkshire 2377: 2374: 2366: 2365: 2348: 2347: 2328: 2316: 2298:economic cycle 2277: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2249: 2236: 2233:Mobile banking 2230: 2227:Online banking 2224: 2221: 2215: 2196: 2193: 2156: 2153: 2110:Wire transfers 2081: 2078: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2050: 1961: 1958: 1925:Middle English 1916: 1913: 1893:Lubbock's Bank 1860:Branch of the 1793:Charter (1694) 1781: 1778: 1721: 1718: 1694:Main article: 1690: 1689: 1669: 1667: 1656: 1653: 1649:Berenberg Bank 1604:, a number of 1544:demand deposit 1530: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1476:Sustainability 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1441:Financial risk 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1395: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1236:Bond (finance) 1233: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1211: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1174:Social pension 1171: 1166: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1020: 1019: 1006: 1005: 997: 996: 986: 985: 983: 982: 975: 968: 960: 957: 956: 955: 954: 944: 934: 921: 920: 917: 916: 913: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 865:Public finance 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 773:Bond (finance) 770: 764: 762:Related topics 761: 760: 757: 756: 751: 750: 749: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 706:Sustainability 703: 698: 693: 691:Money creation 688: 686:Mobile banking 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 627: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 480: 479: 474: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 426: 425: 415: 410: 405: 400: 399: 398: 393: 383: 382: 381: 376: 366: 361: 355: 353:Funds transfer 352: 351: 348: 347: 342: 341: 340: 339: 334: 329: 324: 316: 315: 311: 310: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 283:Christmas club 277: 276: 270: 258: 257: 254: 253: 248:Lists of banks 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 202:Postal savings 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 177:Mutual savings 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 86:Types of banks 85: 84: 81: 80: 73: 65: 64: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6730: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6686: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6634: 6621: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6585: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6559: 6553: 6538: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6493: 6489: 6482: 6480: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6417: 6402: 6396: 6380: 6373: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6332: 6328: 6327:www5.fdic.gov 6324: 6318: 6310:(638 KB) 6295: 6291: 6290: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6238: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6189: 6182: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6146: 6138: 6131: 6124: 6112: 6111: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6085: 6083:9780749484163 6079: 6075: 6068: 6052: 6046: 6030: 6026: 6020: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5967: 5960: 5954: 5947: 5942: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5899: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5853: 5852:History World 5849: 5843: 5836: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5797: 5789: 5785: 5779: 5770: 5763: 5757: 5750: 5738: 5736:9780203116067 5732: 5728: 5727: 5719: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5694: 5692: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5667:Story, Joseph 5661: 5654: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5599: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5576: 5571: 5563: 5562: 5554: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5435: 5429: 5426:. p. 3. 5425: 5421: 5420: 5412: 5405: 5399: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5371: 5367: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5320: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5185: 5183: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5152:List of banks 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5033:Offshore bank 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5023:Merchant bank 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5013:Mortgage bank 5011: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4996:Bulge bracket 4994: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951:Bankers' bank 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4932:Wire transfer 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4708:Banking agent 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4661: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4593: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4467: 4466:asset quality 4461: 4457: 4453: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4428: 4427:New York City 4424: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4404:United States 4395: 4392: 4384: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4350:This section 4348: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4329: 4326: 4318: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4259:Islamic banks 4257: 4254: 4250: 4249:interest rate 4246: 4245:Central banks 4243: 4242: 4233: 4229: 4228:bancassurance 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4212:Latin America 4209: 4205: 4200: 4188: 4184: 4183:trade finance 4180: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4125:Ethical banks 4123: 4120: 4119:Savings banks 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4107:Private banks 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4082:Credit unions 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4021:Al-Rajhi Bank 4019: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3998:An office of 3996: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3970: 3961: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3942:and families; 3941: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3875:credit unions 3872: 3867: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3554:Capital ratio 3552: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3456:Basel Accords 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3328:Sumitomo Bank 3326: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3310:& Co Inc 3309: 3308:Merrill Lynch 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244:Bank One Corp 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3124:Holding N.V. 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3098:Mid industry 3097: 3094: 3091: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2971: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2911: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2867:risk weighted 2864: 2863:balance sheet 2860: 2856: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2524:Business loan 2522: 2521: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2484:Time deposits 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2373: 2369: 2363: 2360:holders, and 2359: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2313:cross-selling 2310: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2252:Video banking 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2201: 2192: 2190: 2189:trade finance 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:term deposits 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2086: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2003: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1929:Middle French 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1883:in 1695. The 1882: 1878: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1686: 1677: 1673: 1670:This section 1668: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1645:merchant bank 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598:ancient world 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1579:Basel Accords 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1496:Watered stock 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1456:Market impact 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1401:Asset pricing 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1003: 999: 998: 995: 992: 991: 981: 976: 974: 969: 967: 962: 961: 959: 958: 953: 949: 945: 943: 935: 933: 925: 924: 923: 922: 915: 914: 911: 910:Watered stock 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 890:Systemic risk 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 850:List of banks 848: 846: 843: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 768:Asset pricing 766: 765: 759: 758: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 539:Eco-investing 537: 535: 532: 530: 529:Disinvestment 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 509:Capital asset 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 464: 463: 462: 454: 453: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 424: 421: 420: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 388: 387: 384: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 350: 349: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 313: 312: 309: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 280: 279: 278: 274: 273: 268: 265: 261: 256: 255: 250: 249: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 192:Participation 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 172:Middle market 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 102:Bulge bracket 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 83: 82: 77: 71: 67: 66: 63: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6685: 6669: 6663: 6637: 6618:– via 6612:. Retrieved 6600: 6594: 6584: 6572:. Retrieved 6565: 6558:Lipton, Eric 6552: 6540:. Retrieved 6517: 6506: 6487: 6466:. Retrieved 6462: 6452: 6443: 6439: 6429: 6421: 6416: 6404:. Retrieved 6395: 6383:. Retrieved 6372: 6360:. Retrieved 6356: 6347: 6335:. Retrieved 6331:the original 6326: 6317: 6301:. Retrieved 6294:the original 6287: 6263: 6253: 6241:. Retrieved 6239:. p. 31 6220: 6208:. Retrieved 6201:the original 6194: 6181: 6169:. Retrieved 6162:the original 6149: 6143: 6130: 6122: 6115:. Retrieved 6108: 6092: 6073: 6067: 6055:. Retrieved 6045: 6033:. Retrieved 6028: 6019: 6010: 6001: 5989:. Retrieved 5985: 5975: 5966: 5953: 5941: 5928: 5919: 5905: 5898: 5886:. Retrieved 5882: 5873: 5862: 5855:. Retrieved 5851: 5842: 5834: 5827:. Retrieved 5823: 5814: 5806:the original 5796: 5787: 5778: 5769: 5756: 5747: 5740:. Retrieved 5725: 5718: 5710:Foley v Hill 5708: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5681:. Retrieved 5675: 5660: 5652: 5645:. Retrieved 5622: 5611: 5603: 5598: 5590: 5582: 5570: 5560: 5553: 5536:N Luhmann – 5532: 5512: 5496:M. Chahin – 5492: 5480:. Retrieved 5476: 5467: 5455:. Retrieved 5451: 5442: 5417: 5411: 5397: 5396: 5389:. Retrieved 5385:the original 5380: 5370: 5318: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5120: 5119: 5095:Cheque fraud 5090:Bank robbery 5078: 5077: 5058:Savings bank 5043:Private bank 4976:Ethical bank 4971:Credit union 4961:Central bank 4939: 4938: 4825:Pre-approval 4735:Cash advance 4691: 4690: 4667: 4658: 4635: 4634:funds being 4630: 4628: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4598: 4537:or ordinary 4529: 4517: 4508: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4432: 4387: 4378: 4363:Please help 4351: 4321: 4312: 4292: 4187:venture caps 4090:cooperatives 3955: 3912: 3908:Toledo, Ohio 3879: 3868: 3864: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3769:central bank 3766: 3762: 3669:Standardized 3630:Standardized 3524:Central bank 3432: 3399:UFJ Holdings 3189:Switzerland 3180:Switzerland 3130:Netherlands 3118:Netherlands 3110:RFS Holdings 3059: 3055: 3030: 3026: 3014: 2995: 2980: 2973:OTP Bank in 2918: 2877: 2871: 2852: 2811: 2788: 2659:Advanced IRB 2494:Cheque books 2370: 2367: 2340:credit cards 2302: 2290: 2279: 2206: 2158: 2149: 2145: 2126: 2095: 2070:direct debit 2063: 2038: 2034: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2017:, including 2012: 1966: 1963: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1920: 1918: 1874: 1871:in the 1910s 1838: 1828: 1798: 1788: 1780:Early modern 1723: 1715: 1705: 1680: 1676:adding to it 1671: 1583: 1556: 1535: 1533: 1421:Credit union 1405: 1318:Growth stock 1296:independence 1056:Student loan 1013: 823:participants 696:Pension fund 504:Asset growth 499:Bank secrecy 374:Bill payment 293:Money-market 263: 246: 127:Credit union 61: 47: 6570:. Macon, Ga 6362:28 February 6337:4 September 6171:13 December 6113:. p. 1 6057:8 September 5664:, Compare: 5516:ME Stevens 5100:Cyber Crime 5073:Zombie bank 5063:Shadow bank 5048:Public bank 4745:Call report 4740:Credit Card 4619:credit card 4564:Keogh plans 4562:(IRAs) and 4489:credit card 4263:Islamic law 4051:businesses. 3625:Market risk 3576:Credit risk 3386:2005-02-18 3360:HM Treasury 3356:2009-02-26 3340:Sakura Bank 3324:1999-10-13 3292:2008-09-14 3276:FleetBoston 3260:2003-10-27 3228:2004-01-14 3197:1998-04-13 3169:2014-09-29 3138:1998-04-06 3106:2007-04-25 3077:transaction 3004:, the U.S. 2987:credit risk 2965:Bank crisis 2829:Market risk 2817:Credit risk 2638:Credit risk 2609:Market risk 2568:derivatives 2564:commodities 2474:Mutual fund 2427:Credit card 2336:smart cards 2332:debit cards 1950:Renaissance 1934:, from Old 1901:Rothschilds 1865: [ 1862:Vyborg-Bank 1762:Medici Bank 1726:Renaissance 1683:August 2020 1637:retail bank 1630:Rothschilds 1416:Cooperative 1378:Stockbroker 1368:Speculation 1353:Market risk 1081:Refinancing 1071:Payday loan 1051:Rent-to-own 1041:Credit card 1036:Charge card 855:Market risk 746:Toxic asset 716:Speculation 604:engineering 142:Development 122:Cooperative 6692:Categories 6614:28 January 6468:2 November 6312:charts 7–8 6196:EconPapers 6117:28 January 5546:0202307646 5526:0801047773 5506:0700714529 5362:References 5085:Bank fraud 4892:Soft probe 4867:Piggy bank 4498:, through 4478:, New York 4206:office in 4161:underwrite 3718:Disclosure 3702:Legal risk 3515:Regulation 3503:Background 3427:See also: 3417:Regulation 3410:41,431.03 3381:41,878.65 3351:45,494.36 3319:48,766.15 3313:Brokerage 3287:49,260.63 3255:58,663.15 3223:61,633.40 3192:65,891.51 3164:72,558.18 3147:Insurance 3133:98,189.19 2977:(Slovakia) 2908:See also: 2872:After the 2775:See also: 2432:Debit card 2358:debit card 2090:bank vault 2007:Nepal Bank 2005:Branch of 1960:Definition 1954:Florentine 1946:banc, bank 1909:Suez canal 1903:pioneered 1808:goldsmiths 1628:, and the 1626:Berenbergs 1219:allocation 1195:investment 1143:Retirement 1096:Bankruptcy 1066:Title loan 828:regulation 477:management 472:allocation 369:Electronic 162:Industrial 157:Investment 137:Depository 112:Commercial 6446:(1): 232. 6385:8 January 6289:TheCityUK 5857:20 August 5742:20 August 5683:20 August 5374:Compare: 5068:Sparebank 4912:Tax haven 4857:Overdraft 4670:Bloomberg 4640:hot money 4504:brokerage 4352:does not 4307:talk page 4208:São Paulo 4078:branches. 4004:Mariehamn 3773:banknotes 3471:Basel III 3234:& Co 3089:industry 3044::13000+, 3040::12000+, 3036::18000+, 2925:banknotes 2574:Term loan 2410:Liverpool 2384:A former 2181:insurance 2133:banknotes 2047:Singapore 1915:Etymology 1889:overdraft 1881:banknotes 1831:depositor 1804:banknotes 1776:, Italy. 1600:. In the 1571:liquidity 1271:Financial 1224:economics 808:Financial 599:economics 579:Financial 445:BRICS PAY 237:Wholesale 232:Universal 132:Custodian 6542:14 March 5933:Archived 5762:currency 5647:12 March 5628:Westport 5548:(p. 181) 4946:Bad bank 4830:Subprime 4676:See also 4535:Passbook 4423:Brooklyn 4419:Citibank 4301:You may 4002:bank in 3811:customer 3466:Basel II 3429:Basel II 3154:Citicorp 3122:ABN-AMRO 3075:Value of 2998:bank run 2697:(SA-CCR) 2469:Mortgage 2422:ATM card 2376:Products 2282:interest 2195:Channels 2124:(ATMs). 1919:The word 1858:Helsinki 1820:receipts 1730:Florence 1720:Medieval 1540:deposits 1392:See also 1031:Car loan 1026:Mortgage 932:Category 624:services 609:forecast 584:analysis 489:Bad debt 275:Accounts 260:Accounts 197:Payments 187:Offshore 167:Merchant 92:Advising 6703:Banking 6678:(OCC), 6674:(PDF). 6574:13 July 6303:20 June 6243:13 July 6210:13 July 5673:(ed.). 5589:(1926) 5400:means: 5391:20 July 5329:Portals 4785:Finance 4373:removed 4358:sources 3642:CVA vol 3511:Banking 3491:Endgame 3461:Basel I 3183:UBS AG 3101:Nation 3092:Nation 2903:Estonia 2899:Tallinn 2795:capital 2661:(A-IRB) 2655:(F-IRB) 2541:hybrids 2327:credit. 2324:default 2286:profits 2108:(ACH), 2102:cheques 2019:cheques 1981:cheques 1977:cheques 1936:Italian 1847:default 1754:Peruzzi 1655:History 1622:Welsers 1618:Fuggers 1610:Medicis 1594:lending 1559:economy 1446:Fintech 1291:planner 1276:adviser 1153:Pension 942:Commons 619:planner 589:analyst 337:Prepaid 298:Savings 288:Deposit 222:Savings 207:Private 182:Neobank 107:Central 62:Banking 18:Banking 6642:online 6533: 6494: 6406:6 June 6377:TNAU. 6264:Forbes 6080: 6035:5 July 5991:9 July 5925:"bank" 5733: 5691:mutuum 5638: 5544: 5524: 5504: 5482:14 May 5457:14 May 5430: 5319: 5079:Crime: 4750:Cheque 4267:markup 4075:Punjab 4000:Nordea 3652:SA-CVA 3647:BA-CVA 3608:SA-CCR 3569:Tier 2 3564:Tier 1 3407:Japan 3404:Banks 3395:Japan 3392:Banks 3375:Banks 3348:Japan 3345:Banks 3336:Japan 3333:Banks 3301:Banks 3281:Banks 3269:Banks 3249:Banks 3237:Banks 3217:Banks 3206:Banks 3186:Banks 3177:Banks 3173:UBS AG 3158:Banks 3127:Banks 2975:Prešov 2929:cheque 2799:equity 2783:, and 2558:(FX), 2533:equity 2513:(RTGS) 2507:(NEFT) 2416:Retail 2354:credit 2338:, and 2293:spread 2120:, and 2118:EFTPOS 2066:EFTPOS 2027:banker 2023:banker 1967:Under 1932:banque 1839:mutuum 1833:, and 1824:bailee 1816:vaults 1812:London 1748:. 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