271:
55:
73:
31:
2480:
501:
1691:
611:. The regiment lost half of the available troops in Neukölln on the first day. It later defended Neukölln's Town Hall. Given that Neukölln was heavily penetrated by Soviet combat groups, Krukenberg prepared fallback positions for Sector C defenders around Hermannplatz. He moved his headquarters into the opera house. As SS Division Nordland withdrew towards Hermannplatz, the French under
528:. The Soviet forces split the French force into three pockets. One group with Puaud was destroyed by Soviet artillery and a second group tried fighting its way back westward, but by 17 March all had been captured or killed in action. A third group commanded by Krukenberg survived. It was evacuated from the coast by the German Navy to Denmark and later sent to
714:. Fenet was allowed to be treated for his foot wound at hospital. He was then returned to a Soviet POW camp and a short time later released. Most of the rest who made it to France were apprehended and sent to Allied prisons and camps. Fenet was arrested upon his return to France. In 1949, Fenet was convicted of being a
709:
Having escaped out of Berlin, Fenet with a small remainder of his unit surrendered to
British forces at Bad Kleinen and Wismar. Some of the Frenchmen, such as Fenet, were turned over to the Soviet Army. Twelve of those turned over to French authorities by the U.S. Army were summarily executed on the
623:
The Soviet advance into Berlin followed a pattern of massive shelling followed by assaults using house-clearing battle groups of about 80 men in each, with tank escorts and close artillery support. On 27 April, the remnants of
Nordland were pushed back into the central government district (Zitadelle
535:
By early April 1945, Krukenberg commanded only about 700 men organized into a single infantry regiment with two battalions (Battalions 57 and 58) and one heavy support battalion without equipment. He released about 400 men to serve in a construction battalion; the remainder, numbering about 350, had
701:
reserves from the Reich
Chancellery. On the night of 1 May, Krukenberg told the men that were left to split up into small groups and attempt to break-out. Reduced to approximately thirty troops, most French SS men surrendered near the Potsdamer rail station to the Red Army. Krukenberg made it to
324:
than the Vichy regime itself, the German authorities remained skeptical of incorporating French soldiers and limited the unit's size significantly. Furthermore, it only succeeded in including 5,800 recruits between 1941 and its disbandment in 1944. It was also kept at arm's length by the Vichy
662:
on 29 April 1945. He was awarded the Iron Cross 1st class by
Krukenberg. During the fighting, Fenet was wounded in the foot. The Soviets forces drove what was left of the battalion back to the vicinity of the Reich Aviation Ministry in the central government district under the command of
584:, was relieved of his command earlier the same day. Charlemagne was attached to Nordland whose two regiments had been decimated in the fighting. Both equaled roughly a battalion. The Frenchmen walked from West to East Berlin, to a brewery near Hermannplatz. Here fighting began, with
697:. A group of French SS remained in the area of the bunker until the early morning of 2 May. By the evening of 30 April, the French SS men serving under Fenet had destroyed another 21 Soviet tanks and used up a large number of the
548:) Charlemagne. As the men assembled at the Marktplatz of Alt-Strelitz, a black Mercedes approached fast. As the car went past the column of men, Krukenberg and several other officers quickly stood at attention, recognising
1695:
571:
The French SS troops arrived in Berlin on 24 April after a long detour to avoid advance columns of the Red Army. Although estimates vary, around 100 men remaining in the SS Division
Charlemagne participated in the
658:. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Krukenberg on 29 April. Vaulot was killed three days later by a Red Army sniper. Second Lieutenant Roger Albert-Brunet destroyed four Soviet tanks by
471:, who had commanded the LVF, was the nominal French commander. The two main infantry regiments were designated as the 57th and 58th Regiments. Members of the LVF were the nucleus of the former and
1645:
Schöttler, Peter (2014). "Three Kinds of
Collaboration: Concepts of Europe and the 'Franco-German Understanding'. The Career of SS-BrigadefĂĽhrer Gustav Krukenberg". In Gosewinkel, Dieter (ed.).
648:
to defend. On 28 April, the Red Army started a full-scale offensive into the central sector. Charlemagne was in the center of the battle zone around the Reich
Chancellery. French SS man
854:(1913-1957) - a former soldier described as "one of the French extreme right's most energetic and venomous propagandists in the immediate post-war years" and an influential theorist of
349:) formed in France with Vichy support was later also absorbed into the LVF. In early 1944, the unit again took part in rear-security operations. In June 1944, following the collapse of
475:
formed the core of the latter. The LVF also manned the artillery battalion, the headquarters company and the engineer company. In
February 1945, the unit was officially upgraded to a
2289:
2157:
2520:
408:
or university students. The official requirements were that the recruit had to be "free of Jewish blood" and between 20 and 25 years old. The approximately 1,600 men of the
2515:
2175:
681:
By 30 April, the last defenders in the area of the bunker complex were mainly made up of
Frenchmen of the SS Division Charlemagne, others being Waffen-SS men from the
2431:
2100:
2371:
2298:
2284:
2269:
2109:
413:
2329:
2279:
2274:
2218:
1899:
690:
2184:
2009:
338:
2083:
2092:
2166:
1783:
2525:
2510:
620:
and some attached Hitler Youth destroyed fourteen Soviet tanks; one machine gun position by the
Halensee bridge held up Soviet forces for 48 hours.
329:
in November–December 1941 but suffered heavy casualties and performed poorly in combat. For most of its existence, it was confined to so-called
2385:
2352:
2148:
293:
287:
201:
2224:
404:. It attracted around 3,000 applicants in German-occupied France, many of whom were existing members of the collaborationist paramilitary
868:
894:
2339:
2334:
1909:
879:
632:. The French squads under Fenet's command accounted for "about half" of the tanks. Fenet and his battalion were given the area of
2401:
1406:
1981:
436:. Their soldiers were folded into a new unit created the same month called the Waffen Grenadier Brigade of the SS Charlemagne (
270:
2447:
2203:
1723:
1673:
1654:
1635:
1609:
1588:
1561:
1542:
1521:
1478:
1459:
1438:
1416:
1395:
246:
479:
and renamed to SS Division Charlemagne. At this time it had a strength of 7,340 men; 1,200 men from the LVF, 1,000 from the
2345:
2057:
2041:
675:
2212:
2049:
2000:
603:
tanks and the 11th SS Panzer Battalion, men of Charlemagne took part in a counterattack on the morning of 26 April in
516:
The division was sent to fight the Red Army in Poland, but on 25 February it was attacked at Hammerstein (present-day
2406:
1925:
1886:
1500:
803:
628:. Fighting was very heavy and by 28 April 108 Soviet tanks had been destroyed in the southeast of Berlin within the
2025:
2017:
1832:
1664:
Antoniou, Georgios; et al. (2016). "Western and Southern Europe". In Böhler, Jochen; Gerwarth, Robert (eds.).
711:
380:
374:
275:
205:
2472:
1826:
544:
in Berlin ordered Krukenberg to proceed to the capital with his men, who were reorganized as Assault Battalion (
440:). Joining them were French collaborators fleeing the Allied advance in the west, as well as Frenchmen from the
445:
2426:
2139:
2033:
1794:
1789:
2530:
2483:
2249:
2244:
2119:
829:
799:
780:(1922-2006) - former soldier and one of the protagonists interviewed at length in the landmark documentary
397:
242:
120:
2452:
884:
216:). The division also included French recruits from other German military and paramilitary formations and
851:
1974:
1950:
1488:
625:
777:
2505:
1716:
682:
250:
125:
509:
417:
576:. On 25 April, Krukenberg was appointed the commander of (Berlin) Defence Sector C which included
1946:
1880:
1875:
1749:
824:(1908-1990), alias "Saint-Loup" - former soldier and far-right journalist involved in supporting
782:
301:
197:
362:
196:, the Charlemagne Brigade superseded two units of French volunteers already serving within the
393:
1967:
624:
sector) in Defence Sector Z. There, Krukenberg's Nordland headquarters was a carriage in the
560:
525:
401:
186:
432:
The LVF and the Brigade Frankreich were disbanded in September 1944 in the aftermath of the
1754:
1709:
889:
798:) active in post-war far-right politics as a propaganda advisor to the far-right candidate
686:
637:
577:
433:
309:
223:
8:
2380:
1838:
873:
825:
821:
476:
358:
230:
94:
794:
753:
613:
330:
1859:
1777:
1759:
652:, who had destroyed two tanks in Neukölln, claimed to have destroyed six more near the
617:
1669:
1650:
1631:
1605:
1584:
1567:
1557:
1538:
1517:
1496:
1474:
1455:
1434:
1412:
1391:
855:
807:
745:
593:
541:
464:
449:
350:
158:
706:
where he hid out in an apartment for a week before surrendering to Red Army troops.
2324:
1843:
1408:
A European Anabasis: Western European Volunteers in the German Army and SS, 1940-45
848:
politics in France and subsequently treasurer and co-founder of the National Front.
715:
671:
645:
573:
563:. The SS men were disappointed that Himmler did not stop and instead sped on past.
556:
552:
537:
342:
326:
254:
130:
876:, a short lived Vichy government in exile active from September 1944 to April 1945
789:
741:
718:
and sentenced to 20 years of forced labour, but was released from prison in 1959.
649:
460:
1599:
1532:
1511:
1449:
1385:
835:
703:
581:
424:, 7 officers and 130 men were killed, while 8 officers and 661 men were wounded.
174:
840:
654:
607:. The counterattack ran into an ambush by Soviet troops using a captured German
2315:
2304:
1820:
1813:
811:
770:, alias Charles Luca - former soldier and leading figure in post-war far-right
667:
641:
1554:
Free France's Lion: The Life of Philippe Leclerc, De Gaulle's Greatest General
2499:
1571:
387:) was formed in July 1943 as the first French formation permitted within the
317:
729:
771:
767:
608:
585:
441:
321:
313:
115:
60:
505:
1426:
733:
694:
529:
468:
312:
in June 1941 by a coalition of small far-right political factions within
193:
154:
633:
604:
30:
239:
33. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS "Charlemagne" (französische Nr. 1)
1959:
911:
1733:
1701:
521:
388:
182:
77:
257:
in April–May 1945 and were among the last Axis forces to surrender.
845:
600:
559:
at the Swedish consulate in LĂĽbeck to offer surrender terms to the
421:
354:
253:
within a month. Around 100 members of the unit participated in the
189:, many of whom were already serving in various other German units.
87:
1696:
33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)
1513:
Foreign Legions of the Third Reich Vol. 1 Norway, Denmark, France
483:, 2,500 from the Milice, 2,000 from the NSKK and 640 were former
265:
235:
33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)
90:
500:
1690:
1159:
517:
454:
405:
218:
229:
After training, the Charlemagne Brigade was reclassified as a
1904:
1893:
1083:
1081:
1000:
959:
316:. Although its supporters were more explicitly supportive of
1628:
The French Who Fought for Hitler: Memories from the Outcasts
1183:
1044:
1042:
458:
security police who had fled ahead of the Allied forces. SS-
990:
988:
986:
1328:
1326:
1078:
1647:
Anti-Liberal Europe: A Neglected Story of Europeanization
1362:
1287:
1147:
1066:
1039:
241:). It had 7,340 men at the time of its deployment to the
35:
Sleeve badge worn by soldiers in the Charlemagne Division
1471:
Bloody Streets: The Soviet Assault on Berlin, April 1945
1350:
1299:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1137:
1135:
1122:
1120:
1029:
1027:
1012:
983:
971:
947:
923:
1323:
1248:
1246:
1195:
414:
18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel
1338:
1054:
555:, who had just come from a private meeting with Count
2521:
Security units of Nazi Germany disestablished in 1945
1311:
1270:
1258:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1132:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1024:
670:. For the combat actions of the battalion during the
592:
at Soviet tanks belonging to advance guards near the
298:
Légion des Volontaires Français contre le Bolchévisme
245:
in February 1945. It fought against Soviet forces in
1243:
1171:
420:
on the Eastern Front. In heavy fighting against the
368:
2516:Security units of Nazi Germany established in 1944
1581:The Extreme Right in France: From PĂ©tain to Le Pen
1451:For Europe: The French Volunteers of the Waffen-SS
495:
2497:
935:
1431:Guarding Hitler: The Secret World of the FĂĽhrer
757:Walter Zimmermann (25 April 1945 – 8 May 1945)
294:Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
288:Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
266:Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
202:Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
171:Waffen Grenadier Brigade of the SS Charlemagne
1975:
1717:
830:popular exculpatory books about the Waffen-SS
467:was appointed to command the division, while
179:Waffen-Grenadier-Brigade der SS "Charlemagne"
1556:. Newbury, Nerkshire: Casemate Publishers.
869:Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts
438:Waffen-Grenadier-Brigade der SS Charlemagne
249:where it was almost annihilated during the
1982:
1968:
1724:
1710:
1509:
1048:
1018:
1006:
994:
977:
965:
953:
929:
917:
185:unit formed in September 1944 from French
1644:
1630:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
895:List of military units named after people
828:in Southern Africa who wrote a number of
566:
385:SS-Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade "Frankreich"
214:SS-Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade "Frankreich"
2526:Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS
2511:French collaboration during World War II
1663:
1649:. New York: Berghahn. pp. 128–156.
1468:
1201:
1189:
880:List of German divisions in World War II
499:
269:
1989:
1625:
1578:
1487:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1060:
2498:
2237:
1731:
1447:
1425:
1383:
1317:
1293:
1281:
1264:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1126:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1072:
1033:
490:
1963:
1705:
1597:
1551:
1530:
1404:
1305:
1252:
1177:
941:
838:(1919-1991) - former section leader (
792:(1915-1997) - former junior officer (
761:
325:regime. The LVF participated in the
282:departing from Paris in October 1943
2467:were officially named "volunteer".
1940:were officially named "volunteer".
1668:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1495:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
806:and subsequently political ally of
310:German invasion of the Soviet Union
13:
1619:
1433:. London: Pen and Sword Military.
14:
2542:
1926:Schutzmannschaft-Brigade Siegling
1683:
1666:The Waffen-SS: A European History
1601:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
1493:France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944
2479:
2478:
1689:
1552:Moore, William Mortimer (2011).
736:(?? August 1944 – February 1945)
712:Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
676:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
381:SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France
375:SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France
369:SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France
194:the 9th-century Frankish emperor
71:
53:
29:
1411:. England: Helion and Company.
1377:
748:(February 1945 – 25 April 1945)
508:(Kołobrzeg) in Pomerania after
400:who had formerly served in the
1604:. New York: Caliber Printing.
1534:Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45
1469:Hamilton, A. Stephan (2020) .
512:by Soviet forces in March 1945
496:Pomerania, February–April 1945
446:National Socialist Motor Corps
361:, the LVF was attached to the
1:
2012:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
920:, pp. 149, 150, 155–157.
900:
721:
320:and close collaboration with
260:
16:French units of the Waffen-SS
905:
800:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour
580:, whose previous commander,
427:
398:Paul-Marie Gamory-Dubourdeau
331:"bandit-fighting" operations
300:, or LVF) was a unit of the
7:
885:List of Waffen-SS divisions
862:
804:1965 presidential elections
678:to Fenet on 29 April 1945.
434:Allied Liberation of France
339:German-occupied Byelorussia
337:) behind the front line in
308:) formed shortly after the
224:Allied Liberation of France
10:
2547:
2473:SS heavy Panzer battalions
1951:List of Waffen-SS brigades
1626:Carrard, Philippe (2010).
1579:Shields, James G. (2007).
1510:Littlejohn, David (1987).
1387:Berlin – The Downfall 1945
810:and leading figure in the
524:, by troops of the Soviet
372:
285:
222:who had fled ahead of the
200:and Waffen-SS, namely the
2461:
2440:
2415:
2394:
2262:
2196:
2132:
2069:
1998:
1934:
1918:
1868:
1852:
1803:
1768:
1742:
1168:, pp. 145, 147, 150.
683:SS Division Leibstandarte
626:Stadtmitte U-Bahn station
274:A French recruit for the
251:East Pomeranian Offensive
148:
143:
126:East Pomeranian Offensive
108:
104:7,340 men (February 1945)
100:
83:
66:
48:
40:
28:
23:
1448:Forbes, Robert (2010) .
1390:. Viking-Penguin Books.
693:and Spanish SS from the
93:, later reclassified as
1947:List of Waffen-SS units
1881:2nd SS Infantry Brigade
1876:1st SS Infantry Brigade
1405:Estes, Kenneth (2019).
1384:Beevor, Antony (2002).
783:The Sorrow and the Pity
778:Christian de la Mazière
1905:Charlemagne (1 French)
1598:Weale, Adrian (2012).
567:Berlin, April–May 1945
513:
363:4th SS Police Regiment
283:
226:(June–November 1944).
178:
2448:Divisional commanders
2103:Götz von Berlichingen
1583:. London: Routledge.
1531:McNab, Chris (2013).
1516:. Bender Publishing.
844:) active in post-war
674:, Mohnke awarded the
526:1st Belorussian Front
503:
412:were attached to the
273:
1698:at Wikimedia Commons
1192:, pp. 349, 386.
1090:, pp. 301, 302.
1009:, pp. 170, 172.
968:, pp. 160, 161.
890:List of SS personnel
774:movements in France.
687:SS Division Nordland
638:Belle Alliance Platz
578:SS Division Nordland
353:'s front during the
24:Charlemagne Division
2531:Waffen-SS divisions
2402:4 (Panzergrenadier)
2374:Landstorm Nederland
2325:29 RONA (1 Russian)
1894:Landstorm Nederland
1473:. Helion & Co.
1454:. Stackpole Books.
1308:, pp. 399–400.
1296:, pp. 471–474.
1156:, pp. 434–443.
1075:, pp. 396–398.
874:Sigmaringen enclave
826:white minority rule
491:Operational history
394:ObersturmbannfĂĽhrer
391:. It was led by SS-
1860:SS Cavalry Brigade
1371:, pp. 169–70.
710:orders of General
618:Henri Joseph Fenet
540:. On 23 April the
514:
487:and naval police.
284:
2493:
2492:
2420:
2340:30 (1 Belarusian)
2258:
2257:
1957:
1956:
1694:Media related to
1675:978-0-19-183185-0
1656:978-1-78238-425-0
1637:978-0-521-19822-6
1611:978-0-451-23791-0
1590:978-0-415-09755-0
1563:978-1-61200-068-8
1544:978-1-78200-088-4
1523:978-0-912138-17-6
1480:978-1-912866-13-7
1461:978-0-8117-3581-0
1440:978-1-78159-305-9
1418:978-1-911628-35-4
1397:978-0-670-03041-5
1359:, pp. 120–1.
856:white supremacism
808:Jean-Marie Le Pen
762:Notable personnel
746:Gustav Krukenberg
594:Tempelhof Airport
542:Reich Chancellery
465:Gustav Krukenberg
452:and the detested
450:Organisation Todt
351:Army Group Centre
341:and Ukraine. The
187:collaborationists
164:
163:
159:Gustav Krukenberg
2538:
2506:Battle of Berlin
2482:
2481:
2463:Units marked in
2418:
2299:26 (2 Hungarian)
2235:
2234:
2219:33 (3 Hungarian)
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1936:Units marked in
1726:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1679:
1660:
1641:
1615:
1594:
1575:
1548:
1527:
1506:
1484:
1465:
1444:
1422:
1401:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:, pp. 58–9.
1330:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
795:UntersturmfĂĽhrer
754:StandartenfĂĽhrer
672:Battle in Berlin
646:Friedrichstrasse
614:HauptsturmfĂĽhrer
574:Battle in Berlin
557:Folke Bernadotte
553:Heinrich Himmler
536:chosen to go to
359:summer offensive
347:LĂ©gion Tricolore
343:Tricolour Legion
335:Bandenbekämpfung
327:Battle of Moscow
255:Battle in Berlin
131:Battle of Berlin
76:
75:
74:
59:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2457:
2436:
2417:
2411:
2390:
2386:38 "Nibelungen"
2285:20 (1 Estonian)
2270:14 (1 Galician)
2254:
2233:
2192:
2128:
2095:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
2073:
2065:
1994:
1988:
1958:
1953:
1941:
1930:
1914:
1864:
1848:
1827:ReichsfĂĽhrer SS
1799:
1770:
1764:
1738:
1730:
1686:
1676:
1657:
1638:
1622:
1620:Further reading
1612:
1591:
1564:
1545:
1524:
1503:
1489:Jackson, Julian
1481:
1462:
1441:
1419:
1398:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1049:Littlejohn 1987
1047:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1019:Littlejohn 1987
1017:
1013:
1007:Littlejohn 1987
1005:
1001:
995:Littlejohn 1987
993:
984:
978:Littlejohn 1987
976:
972:
966:Littlejohn 1987
964:
960:
954:Littlejohn 1987
952:
948:
940:
936:
930:Littlejohn 1987
928:
924:
918:Littlejohn 1987
916:
912:
908:
903:
865:
836:Pierre Bousquet
768:Charles Gastaut
764:
724:
582:Joachim Ziegler
569:
550:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
532:for refitting.
498:
493:
430:
377:
371:
290:
268:
263:
167:
157:
150:
139:
72:
70:
54:
52:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2475:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2407:35 (Grenadier)
2404:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2335:30 (2 Russian)
2332:
2330:29 (1 Italian)
2327:
2322:
2312:
2301:
2296:
2287:
2282:
2280:19 (2 Latvian)
2277:
2275:15 (1 Latvian)
2272:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2145:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1685:
1684:External links
1682:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1661:
1655:
1642:
1636:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1595:
1589:
1576:
1562:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1507:
1501:
1485:
1479:
1466:
1460:
1445:
1439:
1423:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1347:, p. 127.
1337:
1322:
1320:, p. 158.
1310:
1298:
1286:
1284:, p. 499.
1269:
1267:, p. 384.
1257:
1255:, p. 330.
1242:
1240:, p. 449.
1230:
1228:, p. 357.
1218:
1216:, p. 443.
1206:
1204:, p. 408.
1194:
1182:
1180:, p. 407.
1170:
1158:
1146:
1144:, p. 439.
1131:
1129:, p. 352.
1116:
1114:, p. 323.
1104:
1102:, p. 303.
1092:
1077:
1065:
1063:, p. 569.
1053:
1051:, p. 173.
1038:
1036:, p. 394.
1023:
1021:, p. 170.
1011:
999:
997:, p. 172.
982:
980:, p. 169.
970:
958:
956:, p. 159.
946:
934:
932:, p. 157.
922:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
871:
864:
861:
860:
859:
849:
833:
819:
816:Front national
812:National Front
787:
775:
763:
760:
759:
758:
749:
737:
723:
720:
668:Wilhelm Mohnke
642:Wilhelmstrasse
568:
565:
561:Western Allies
546:Sturmbataillon
497:
494:
492:
489:
429:
426:
402:Foreign Legion
373:Main article:
370:
367:
286:Main article:
267:
264:
262:
259:
165:
162:
161:
152:
146:
145:
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
128:
112:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
85:
81:
80:
68:
64:
63:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2543:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:(1 Hungarian)
2293:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2206:Florian Geyer
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1910:1 Belarussian
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1502:9780198207061
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1202:Hamilton 2020
1198:
1191:
1190:Hamilton 2020
1186:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
989:
987:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
910:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
857:
853:
850:
847:
843:
842:
837:
834:
831:
827:
823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
791:
790:LĂ©on Gaultier
788:
785:
784:
779:
776:
773:
769:
766:
765:
756:
755:
750:
747:
744:
743:
742:BrigadefĂĽhrer
738:
735:
732:
731:
726:
725:
719:
717:
713:
707:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
666:
665:BrigadefĂĽhrer
661:
657:
656:
651:
650:Eugène Vaulot
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
619:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
599:Supported by
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
564:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
507:
502:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
462:
461:BrigadefĂĽhrer
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
376:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
319:
318:Nazi ideology
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
289:
281:
279:
276:SS-Volunteer
272:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Eastern Front
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
209:
206:SS-Volunteer
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
166:Military unit
160:
156:
153:
147:
142:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
122:
121:Eastern Front
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
69:
65:
62:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2468:
2464:
2373:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2344:
2317:
2314:
2306:
2303:
2291:
2226:
2223:
2211:
2205:
2186:
2180:(2 Croatian)
2177:
2171:(1 Albanian)
2168:
2162:(1 Croatian)
2159:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2121:
2118:
2112:Horst Wessel
2111:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2060:Hitlerjugend
2059:
2051:
2044:Hohenstaufen
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
1999:
1990:
1942:
1937:
1892:
1885:
1831:
1819:
1812:
1805:Sturmbrigade
1804:
1782:
1732:
1665:
1646:
1627:
1600:
1580:
1553:
1533:
1512:
1492:
1470:
1450:
1430:
1427:Felton, Mark
1407:
1386:
1378:Bibliography
1369:Shields 2007
1364:
1357:Shields 2007
1352:
1345:Shields 2007
1340:
1333:Shields 2007
1313:
1301:
1289:
1260:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1107:
1095:
1068:
1061:Jackson 2001
1056:
1014:
1002:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
841:RottenfĂĽhrer
839:
818:) from 1972.
815:
793:
781:
772:paramilitary
752:
740:
728:
716:collaborator
708:
698:
680:
664:
659:
655:FĂĽhrerbunker
653:
629:
622:
612:
609:Panther tank
598:
590:Panzerfausts
589:
586:Hitler Youth
570:
549:
545:
534:
515:
485:Kriegsmarine
484:
481:Sturmbrigade
480:
473:Sturmbrigade
472:
459:
453:
448:(NSKK), the
437:
431:
416:and sent to
410:Sturmbrigade
409:
392:
384:
378:
346:
334:
322:Nazi Germany
314:Vichy France
305:
297:
291:
278:Sturmbrigade
277:
238:
234:
228:
217:
213:
208:Sturmbrigade
207:
192:Named after
191:
170:
168:
116:World War II
61:Nazi Germany
18:
2364:Charlemagne
2309:(1 Flemish)
2151:Prinz Eugen
1839:Dirlewanger
1784:4 Nederland
1318:Forbes 2010
1294:Forbes 2010
1282:Forbes 2010
1265:Beevor 2002
1238:Forbes 2010
1226:Beevor 2002
1214:Forbes 2010
1166:Felton 2014
1154:Forbes 2010
1142:Forbes 2010
1127:Beevor 2002
1112:Beevor 2002
1100:Beevor 2002
1088:Beevor 2002
1073:Forbes 2010
1034:Forbes 2010
822:Marc Augier
734:Edgar Puaud
699:Panzerfaust
695:Blue Legion
660:Panzerfaust
530:Neustrelitz
510:its capture
469:Edgar Puaud
442:German Navy
302:German Army
198:German Army
155:Edgar Puaud
109:Engagements
2500:Categories
2366:(1 French)
2307:Langemarck
2187:Karstjäger
2169:Skanderbeg
2052:Frundsberg
1887:3 Estonian
1821:Langemarck
1537:. Osprey.
1306:Moore 2011
1253:McNab 2013
1178:Weale 2012
942:Estes 2019
901:References
852:René Binet
730:OberfĂĽhrer
722:Commanders
691:Latvian SS
261:Background
151:commanders
144:Commanders
49:Allegiance
2453:Divisions
2416:Deception
2355:30 Januar
2318:Wallonien
2160:Handschar
2122:Nederland
2075:grenadier
2028:Totenkopf
2020:Das Reich
1993:divisions
1991:Waffen-SS
1900:1 Italian
1771:grenadier
1755:Westfalen
1734:Waffen-SS
1572:721889914
906:Citations
522:Pomerania
428:Formation
389:Waffen-SS
306:Wehrmacht
247:Pomerania
219:Miliciens
183:Waffen-SS
78:Waffen-SS
44:1944–1945
2484:Category
2469:See also
2419:"Panzer"
2263:Infantry
2133:Mountain
2086:Nordland
1943:See also
1869:Infantry
1844:Kaminski
1814:Wallonia
1737:brigades
1491:(2001).
1429:(2014).
863:See also
846:neo-Nazi
644:and the
634:Neukölln
605:Neukölln
601:Tiger II
504:View of
477:division
422:Red Army
355:Red Army
231:division
181:) was a
95:division
88:Infantry
2292:Hunyadi
2238:Cossack
2197:Cavalry
2071:Panzer-
1853:Cavalry
1778:Schuldt
1769:Panzer-
802:in the
786:(1969).
588:firing
506:Kolberg
418:Galicia
233:as the
149:Notable
91:brigade
2395:Police
2227:LĂĽtzow
2036:Wiking
2001:Panzer
1919:Police
1833:France
1743:Panzer
1672:
1653:
1634:
1608:
1587:
1570:
1560:
1541:
1520:
1499:
1477:
1458:
1437:
1415:
1394:
704:Dahlem
630:S-Bahn
538:Berlin
518:Czarne
455:Milice
444:, the
406:Milice
280:France
210:France
175:German
67:Branch
58:
41:Active
2441:Lists
1750:Gross
520:) in
2465:bold
2178:Kama
2142:Nord
1938:bold
1670:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1568:OCLC
1558:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1392:ISBN
379:The
292:The
204:and
169:The
101:Size
84:Type
2372:34
2362:33
2353:32
2316:28
2305:27
2290:25
2225:37
2185:24
2176:23
2167:21
2158:13
2120:23
2110:18
2101:17
2093:16
2084:11
2058:12
2050:10
1760:150
751:SS-
739:SS-
727:SS-
663:SS-
357:'s
2502::
2471::
2432:27
2427:26
2381:36
2346:31
2213:22
2204:8
2149:7
2140:6
2042:9
2034:5
2026:3
2018:2
2010:1
1949:,
1945::
1795:51
1790:49
1566:.
1325:^
1272:^
1245:^
1134:^
1119:^
1080:^
1041:^
1026:^
985:^
689:,
685:,
640:,
636:,
596:.
365:.
177::
2250:2
2245:1
1983:e
1976:t
1969:v
1725:e
1718:t
1711:v
1678:.
1659:.
1640:.
1614:.
1593:.
1574:.
1547:.
1526:.
1505:.
1483:.
1464:.
1443:.
1421:.
1400:.
944:.
858:.
832:.
814:(
383:(
345:(
333:(
304:(
296:(
237:(
212:(
173:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.