167:
149:
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at strengthening relations with Africa that were "more focused on improving people's livelihoods". Wen announced that China will write off the debt of some of the poorest
African nations. He said China will construct 100 new clean-energy projects on the continent covering solar power, bio-gas, and small hydro-power and gradually lower customs duties on 95 percent of products from African states with which it has diplomatic ties. He also stated that China would undertake 100 joint demonstration projects on scientific and technological research, receive 100 African postdoctoral fellows to conduct scientific research in China, and assist them in going back and serving their home countries. The number of agricultural technology demonstration centers built by China in Africa will be increased to 20. 50 agricultural technology teams would be sent to Africa and 2,000 agricultural technology personnel would be trained for Africa, in order to help strengthen Africa's ability to ensure food security.
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declaration of which committed China and
African states to "actively explore the linkages between China's initiatives of building the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and Africa's economic integration and sustainable development agenda, and to seek opportunities to promote common development and realize our common dreams."
405:. Being largely free of political conditions, China's foreign aid diverges from the global model, which requires more political concessions from recipient countries. The FOCAC founding declaration states China's critique of the dominant global mode of foreign aid which, in the Chinese view, results in the mistreatment of developing countries:
765:
in early
September 2018. A total of 40 Presidents, 10 Prime Ministers, 1 Vice-President and the Chairperson of the AU Commission were among the African dignitaries who participated in the Forum. By May 2018, all African UN member states recognised the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimate
694:
China also will provide medical equipment and antimalarial materials worth 500 million yuan to the 30 hospitals and 30 malaria prevention and treatment centers built by China and train 3,000 doctors and nurses for Africa. Wen further stated that China will build 50 China–Africa friendship schools and
551:
Through the 2003 FOCAC plan, China announced it would "grant zero-tariff treatment to some commodities of
African LDCs for access to the Chinese market. The Chinese side will, starting from 2004, negotiate lists of tariff-free goods and the rules of origin with the countries concerned on a bilateral
833:
from July 24 to 26, and the China-Africa Media
Cooperation Forum in Beijing on August 21. This time, Chinese and African leaders will discuss and cooperate around the theme of "Joining hands to promote modernization and build a high-level Chinese-African community of destiny". This forum is also the
725:
The 2012 summit placed significant emphasis on security cooperation and peace. As of at least the 2021 summit, those continue to be regular themes for FOCAC. During the 2012 summit, China announced the
Initiative on China-Africa Partnership for Peace and Security, through which it provides financial
781:
in dealing with
African countries and other developing countries: (1) non-interference in other countries' pursuit of development paths suitable to their national conditions, (2) non-interference in domestic affairs, (3) not imposing China's will on others, (4) not attaching political conditions to
690:
10 billion low cost loan was announced on
November 9, 2009, double the $ 5 billion loan announced and implemented at the 2006 Beijing Summit. A 1 billion U.S. dollar special loan for small and medium-sized African businesses was also established. China also announced eight new policy measures aimed
737:
The second FOCAC Summit and sixth
Ministerial Conference was held on 4 to 5 December 2015, in Johannesburg, South Africa. The 2015 summit emphasized China's commitment to assist in the industrialization of Africa. FOCAC started to stress the Belt and Road Initiative beginning with this summit, the
369:
Although established following the urgings of
African diplomats in the late 1990s, China has taken the lead in FOCAC throughout the existence of the organization. In addition to African requests, China had its own reasons for establishing FOCAC, including: creating an organization to ensure future
717:
The fifth Ministerial Conference of the FOCAC was held on 19 to 20 July 2012, in Beijing, China. Announcements were made by China for support in investment and lending, including a credit line of $ 20 billion for African countries to build infrastructure, agriculture, and manufacturing to support
586:
China first announced its Agricultural Technology Demonstrations Centers at the 2006 meeting. Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers are a major component of China's agricultural cooperation with African countries. The function of these centers is to transmit agricultural expertise and
409:
Each country has the right to choose, in its course of development, its own social system, development model, and way of life in light of its national conditions. . . . Moreover, the politicization of human rights conditionalities on economic assistance should be vigorously opposed to as they
400:
is a significant area of interaction within FOCAC, and FOCAC is the primary channel through which China provides resources to the African countries. Through FOCAC, China provides aid in the forms of debt forgiveness, aid grants, concessional loans, and interest-free loans. The sole political
801:
Due the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 meeting was held online via videolink, with participants located in Dakar and Beijing. It emphasized health diplomacy, although it continued to also emphasize political and security cooperation especially n cybersecurity and support for African police.
695:
train 1,500 school principals and teachers for African countries and increase the number of Chinese government scholarships to Africa to 5,500 by 2012. China will also train a total of 20,000 professionals of various fields for Africa over the next three years.
603:, on 8 to 9 November 2009. The meeting reviewed how the consensus of the Beijing Summit has been implemented. It also adopted a Sharm el-Sheikh declaration and an action plan for 2010–2012 to chart the path for further China–Africa cooperation. Chinese Premier
414:
Following her interviews of African scholars and diplomats, U.S. Professor of International Securities Studies Dawn C. Murphy concludes that many African countries genuinely appreciate this moral stance by China against political conditions for foreign aid.
746:, 5 billion dollars of additional capital for the China-Africa Development Fund and the Special Loan for the Development of African SMEs each, and a China-Africa production capacity cooperation fund with the initial capital of 10 billion dollars."
463:
of the People's Republic of China participated in the conference. More than 80 ministers from China and 44 countries and representatives from 17 international and regional organizations attended this meeting. African attendees included President
575:
from 35 African countries attended this Summit. President Hu rolled out $ 5 billion worth of concessionary loans to Africa during the summit. As one of the "Eight Measures" for Sino-African relations, President Hu announced the creation of the
358:. Although the African Union has increasingly played a coordinating role since joining CASCF in 2012, each African state represents itself in FOCAC and activities are implemented bilaterally between China and individual African countries.
789:. Agricultural development was a focus of the 2018 summit. China pledged $ 60 billion in funds for development in Africa. During the summit, Xi announced additional grants of RMB 300 million and RMB 100 million in emergency food aid from
741:
A $ 60 billion package of aid, subsidized lending, and state-backed investment was announced by China. The individual elements of the package were "5 billion dollars of free aid and interest-free loans, 35 billion dollars of
430:
FOCAC meets every three years, alternating between an African country and China, although the 2021 meeting took place online due to COVID-19. China often uses the occasion of FOCAC summits to solicit African support for the
544:, and the representative of the UN Secretary General attended the opening ceremony and delivered speeches. More than 70 ministers from China and 44 African countries attended the conference. The Conference passed the
1810:
311:, FOCAC was one of the first regional organizations established by China outside its territorial periphery. Since 2018, China and the African states explicitly view FOCAC as a part of China's
583:
China also pledged to open its markets further to African countries, and to increase the number of products from African least developed countries that are eligible for tariff exemptions.
2448:
2278:
2250:
2403:
1217:
374:
influence in light of the first EU-Africa Summit, counterbalancing emerging India-Africa and Turkey-Africa cooperation organizations, and advocating for developing country causes.
1068:"Joint Statement of the Coordinators' Meeting on the Implementation of the Follow-up Actions of the Eighth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)"
1795:
295:. It is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between African countries and China and since 2018 is viewed by those countries as a cooperation platform within the
1946:
829:
The summit was held in Beijing from September 4 to 6, 2024. To promote the summit, China hosted the 7th China-Africa Folk Forum and China-Africa Youth Leaders Forum in
2423:
2349:
17:
805:
Per the action plan which followed the summit, the African countries and China committed to increasing parliamentary dialogue by increasing exchanges between the
2522:
1760:
709:
Discussions at the summit also highlighted the importance of climate change issues, poverty reduction, and exchanges between African and Chinese think tanks.
2695:
810:
2170:
2443:
2032:
729:
Particularly since the 2012 FOCAC, China has focused more on the quality, effectiveness, and sustainability of the aid it provides to African countries.
2428:
1718:
750:
611:, and African heads of state or government from 49 countries attended the opening ceremony. Also addressing the opening session were the presidents of
2027:
1841:
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1736:
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technology from China to developing countries in Africa while also creating market opportunities for Chinese companies in the agricultural sector.
2022:
1900:
2283:
2115:
1831:
1471:
785:
The 2018 FOCAC declaration states explicitly that China and the African states view FOCAC as a major platform for coordination as part of the
2833:
848:
580:
to further Chinese investment in Africa with US$ 1 billion of initial funding with its fund expected to grow to US$ 5 billion in the future.
1038:
Eisenman, Joshua; Heginbotham, Eric (2023). "China's Relations with the Global South". In Kironska, Kristina; Turscanyi, Richard Q. (eds.).
2823:
2783:
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in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence. These principles are a conservative interpretation of the
1376:
1805:
370:
political and economic influence in Africa in light of other great and rising powers setting up similar organizations, counteracting
377:
FOCAC emphasizes political cooperation between Africa and China. The core political norms that China advocates within FOCAC are its
2828:
2225:
770:. It was also reported that more African leaders went to the 2018 summit than to the similarly timed UN General Assembly meeting.
536:, six African presidents, three vice presidents, two other prime ministers, and one president of the senate, as well as President
2230:
722:, which had been announced during the 2006 FOCAC and established with capital of $ 1 billion, would be scaled up to $ 5 billion.
378:
2319:
2160:
2140:
1711:
1293:
2838:
2508:
2240:
1051:
1022:
955:
874:
834:
largest domestic diplomatic event organized by China in recent years and attended by the largest number of foreign leaders.
2813:
2413:
2178:
2105:
1800:
1826:
2818:
2603:
2438:
308:
1197:
422:
announced that China would forgive 23 interest-free loans that had matured at the end of 2021 for 17 African countries.
2790:
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2843:
2489:
2433:
2383:
1895:
1872:
1704:
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1360:
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2707:
1936:
1881:
1755:
652:
2557:
2408:
1769:
1268:
790:
1986:
258:
307:
FOCAC is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between African countries and China. Along with the
2746:
2741:
2649:
2262:
2037:
1867:
806:
719:
577:
563:
The first FOCAC Summit and the third Ministerial Conference were held in Beijing from November 3 to 5, 2006.
501:
284:
250:
2683:
2235:
1774:
1294:"The Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Beijing Action Plan (2013-2015)"
361:
Each meeting results in a three-year action plan and Chinese pledges of loans, grants, and export credits.
1446:
1318:
1067:
2622:
1296:. Secretariat of the Chinese Follow-up Committee of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Archived from
818:
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843:
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1014:
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1352:
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296:
2068:
1931:
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778:
465:
386:
215:
195:
153:
1921:
1242:
944:
China's Rise in the Global South: the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's Alternative World Order
318:
As of 2022, the members of FOCAC are 53 African countries (all except Eswatini), China, and the
2598:
2453:
2145:
2042:
1472:"More African presidents went to China's Africa forum than UN general assembly — Quartz Africa"
1108:"China rivalry marks TICAD IV / Govt seeks African support on climate change, UNSC membership,"
814:
489:
2500:
1522:
853:
1654:
1629:
1497:
2458:
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2183:
2000:
699:
687:
473:
419:
1150:"Liberia: President Highlights Benefits From China At Fourth Ministerial FOCAC Conference"
8:
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1107:
572:
432:
402:
397:
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648:
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1926:
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1349:
The Latecomer's Rise: Policy Banks and the Globalization of China's Development Finance
1269:"UN News - Head of UN agency applauds China-Africa forum's commitment on food security"
537:
782:
foreign aid, and (5) not seeking political self-interest in investment and financing.
706:
praised the forum's role in food security, agriculture, and infrastructure in Africa.
2255:
1941:
1559:
1356:
1047:
1018:
961:
951:
870:
628:
555:
The 2003 summit was the first at which cultural cooperation was a point of emphasis.
497:
481:
171:
1377:"Xi announces 10 major programs to boost China-Africa cooperation in coming 3 years"
1297:
2078:
1394:
1090:
1862:
1419:
1243:"Full text of Wen's speech at 4th Ministerial Conference of FOCAC - China.org.cn"
1149:
703:
600:
276:
1876:
2755:
2215:
1552:
Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding
1006:
726:
and technical support to peacekeeping missions conducted by the African Union.
595:
The fourth Ministerial Conference of the FOCAC was held at Soho-Square, in the
371:
965:
2807:
2765:
2532:
2073:
1951:
608:
568:
541:
436:
381:: mutual respect for territory and sovereignty, mutual nonaggression, mutual
322:. A number of North African states are dual members of both CASCF and FOCAC:
1696:
533:
2058:
2714:
2702:
2132:
2110:
1836:
1128:
1094:
680:
676:
521:
510:
Programme for China–Africa Cooperation in Economic and Social Development
452:
124:
1447:"China angles for Swaziland to ditch Taiwan before major African summit"
62:
774:
656:
604:
529:
456:
339:
74:
2658:
2575:
1043:
564:
460:
205:
135:
2279:
Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project
2251:
Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund
2155:
1424:
830:
767:
644:
640:
616:
525:
493:
439:
and for United Nations peacekeeping missions during FOCAC summits.
327:
292:
159:
2404:
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia
2629:
1886:
1821:
1816:
762:
664:
612:
477:
448:
355:
347:
343:
323:
181:
1011:
China's Relations with Africa: a New Era of Strategic Engagement
418:
At a 2022 FOCAC coordinators’ meeting, Chinese Foreign Minister
2733:
2617:
2593:
2530:
632:
620:
485:
288:
266:
79:
48:
1195:
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2678:
2639:
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668:
660:
624:
596:
351:
335:
331:
185:
130:
119:
86:
1684:
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preferential loans and export credit on more favorable terms
506:
Beijing Declaration of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation
2668:
2378:
2063:
1890:
469:
141:
796:
2373:
166:
148:
1267:
Section, United Nations News Service (9 November 2009).
1198:"China pledges $ 10 billion in low-cost loans to Africa"
718:
small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa. Also, the
233:
2043:
Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor
1420:"eSwatini stands by Taiwan despite Chinese overtures"
1093:, Sina.com, 26 October 2006, originally published by
2549:
Asian–African Sub-Regional Organisations Conference
1037:
732:
1630:"外交部就习近平主席出席2024年中非合作论坛峰会开幕式并举行相关活动向中外媒体吹风__中国政府网"
1605:"第七届中非民间论坛、第七届中非青年领导人论坛在湖南举行——凝聚共筑高水平中非命运共同体的民间力量"
813:and the various African national parliaments, the
811:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
751:Access to Satellite TV for 10,000 African Villages
1842:China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway
1837:Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-China International Highway
1464:
2805:
766:representative of China, with the exception of
590:
528:, from 15 to 16 December 2003. Chinese Premier
1832:China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor
1196:Barney Jopson, Jamil Anderlini (Nov 9, 2009).
749:One of the outcomes of the 2015 forum was the
520:The second Ministerial Conference was held in
515:
2516:
2419:Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation
1787:Economic corridor in Greater Mekong Subregion
1712:
1319:"FOCAC: Background and 2015 focus priorities"
1005:
867:The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)
849:United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
447:The first Ministerial Conference was held in
401:condition China requires is adherence to the
1906:International North–South Transport Corridor
1726:
698:The head of the United Nations food agency,
667:; the President of the National Assembly of
1792:China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor
809:of China and the National Committee of the
673:Chairperson of the African Union Commission
364:
309:China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF)
302:
2523:
2509:
2429:Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
1719:
1705:
1689:
1218:"温家宝总理访问埃及并出席中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议开幕式_中华人民共和国外交部"
1806:New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor
1116:
459:of the State Council, and Vice President
392:
2226:China-Eurasian Economic Cooperation Fund
1811:Regional Comprehensive Economic Corridor
1342:
1340:
683:led a delegation to attend the meeting.
2231:China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund
1901:China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor
1801:China-Laos-Thailand Railway Cooperation
1266:
1125:"CAD Fund to boost footprint in Africa"
824:
797:2021, Dakar, Senegal and Beijing, China
756:
712:
558:
442:
435:. China also expresses support for the
410:constitute a violation of human rights.
379:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
281:Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine
54:Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine
14:
2806:
2320:Community of shared future for mankind
2141:Agricultural Development Bank of China
1937:Addis Ababa-Djibouti Economic Corridor
1822:Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park
1817:China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park
1545:
1543:
1369:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
941:
777:emphasized the "Five Nos" which guide
451:from 10 to 12 October 2000. President
18:2015 Forum on China–Africa Cooperation
2504:
2241:China-CEE Investment Cooperation Fund
1700:
1337:
1286:
1040:Contemporary China: a New Superpower?
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
2834:Recurring events established in 2000
2454:China-Pacific Island Countries Forum
2414:Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism
2179:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
2106:Internationalization of the renminbi
1968:Agua Negra Pass International Tunnel
1647:
1622:
1597:
1572:
1549:
1523:"中非合作论坛北京峰会隆重开幕 习近平出席开幕式并发表主旨讲话-新华网"
1515:
1490:
1387:
1346:
1210:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
2824:21st-century diplomatic conferences
2553:Africa – European Union Partnership
2439:China-Arab States Cooperation Forum
1540:
1164:
1122:
283:) is an official forum between the
24:
1868:China-Europe Land-Sea Express Line
1031:
972:
859:
25:
2855:
2434:Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
2384:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1676:
888:
243:Forum on China–Africa Cooperation
37:Forum on China–Africa Cooperation
2764:
2754:
2732:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2638:
2628:
2616:
2592:
2584:
2574:
2485:
2484:
1999:
1882:Trans-European Transport Network
1827:Brunei-Guangxi Economic Corridor
1756:China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
1091:"The 1st Ministerial Conference"
733:2015, Johannesburg, South Africa
653:Democratic Republic of the Congo
165:
158:
147:
140:
129:
118:
73:
61:
2829:2000 in international relations
2284:China-Arab states special loans
1770:China-Myanmar Economic Corridor
1439:
1412:
1311:
1260:
1235:
1189:
2531:Strategic Partnerships of the
1983:Transoceanic fiber optic cable
1142:
1100:
1084:
1060:
761:The 2018 summit took place in
271:
262:
254:
27:Multilateral cooperation group
13:
1:
2263:China Africa Development Fund
2038:Global Energy Interconnection
1896:China–Belarus Industrial Park
1580:"2024年中非合作论坛峰会将于9月4日至6日在北京举行"
881:
720:China-Africa Development Fund
578:China-Africa Development Fund
502:Organization of African Unity
2839:2000 establishments in China
2236:Russia-China Investment Fund
1796:Laos-China Economic Corridor
1655:"携手推进现代化，共筑高水平中非命运共同体 - 求是网"
591:2009, Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt
504:. The conference passed the
496:, and Secretary-General Dr.
7:
2814:Foreign relations of Africa
2558:Africa–South America Summit
2366:(2019 Leading Group report)
1932:Port Sudan-Ethiopia Railway
1009:; Eisenman, Joshua (2023).
837:
819:African Parliamentary Union
675:. Chinese Foreign Minister
532:, Ethiopian Prime Minister
516:2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
10:
2860:
2399:Caribbean Development Bank
2246:China-LAC Cooperation Fund
807:National People's Congress
567:, President of China, and
425:
285:People's Republic of China
2566:
2539:
2480:
2394:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
2363:
2335:
2328:
2307:
2300:
2271:
2208:
2201:
2169:
2131:
2124:
2098:
2091:
2069:China-UAE Industrial Zone
2064:Sino-Oman Industrial Park
2051:
2015:
2008:
1997:
1976:
1960:
1914:
1873:Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway
1850:
1775:Eastern Economic Corridor
1748:
1734:
1556:Columbia University Press
1172:"杨洁篪部长在"中非合作论坛"主题开放日上的致辞"
1123:Yan, Zhou (28 May 2010).
1015:Columbia University Press
948:Stanford University Press
869:London: Routledge, 2012.
655:; the vice presidents of
643:; the prime ministers of
229:
221:
211:
201:
191:
177:
113:
105:
97:
72:
60:
35:
2844:Belt and Road Initiative
2424:Greater Tumen Initiative
2189:SCO Interbank Consortium
1922:Suez Canal Economic Zone
1877:Alyat Free Economic Zone
1858:New Eurasian Land Bridge
1728:Belt and Road Initiative
1661:(in Chinese). 2024-08-25
1636:(in Chinese). 2024-08-23
1611:(in Chinese). 2024-08-23
1586:(in Chinese). 2024-08-12
1529:(in Chinese). 2018-09-03
1504:(in Chinese). 2024-09-02
1478:. Quartz. 5 October 2018
1401:(in Chinese). 2021-11-27
1353:Cornell University Press
1224:(in Chinese). 2009-11-09
1178:(in Chinese). 2009-10-31
1097:(accessed 19 March 2009)
946:. Stanford, California:
942:Murphy, Dawn C. (2022).
787:Belt and Road Initiative
637:Central African Republic
365:Rationale and principles
320:African Union Commission
313:Belt and Road Initiative
303:Membership and structure
297:Belt and Road Initiative
45:(Zhōng Fēi hézuò lùntán)
2364:Multilateral mechanisms
1781:Two Corridors, One Belt
1761:Trans-Himalayan Network
1741:(2019 Joint Communique)
1395:"中国与非洲：中非合作论坛的历史、现状和未来"
1273:UN News Service Section
546:Addis Ababa Action Plan
293:the Kingdom of Eswatini
2819:Africa–China relations
2540:Continent to Continent
2146:China Development Bank
1550:Meng, Wenting (2024).
1160:– via AllAfrica.
844:Africa–China relations
815:Pan-African Parliament
679:and Commerce Minister
490:Benjamin William Mkapa
412:
393:Foreign aid from China
389:of state sovereignty.
291:with the exception of
280:
272:Zhōng Fēi hézuò lùntán
216:International politics
2079:Lekki Free Trade Zone
1498:"习近平主席推动中非合作金句 - 求是网"
1351:. Ithaca and London:
1347:Chen, Muyang (2024).
702:, Executive Director
607:, Egyptian President
540:of the Commission of
407:
2567:Continent to Country
2459:World Economic Forum
2221:Green Silk Road Fund
2184:New Development Bank
825:2024, Beijing, China
791:China to South Sudan
768:Eswatini (Swaziland)
757:2018, Beijing, China
713:2012, Beijing, China
700:World Food Programme
559:2006, Beijing, China
474:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
443:2000, Beijing, China
234:http://www.focac.org
2464:Boao Forum for Asia
2389:Asia-Europe Meeting
2337:Belt and Road Forum
1765:China–Nepal Railway
1383:. December 4, 2015.
1203:The Washington Post
573:heads of government
433:One China Principle
403:One China principle
398:Chinese foreign aid
259:traditional Chinese
196:International forum
32:
2720:South Korea–Africa
2708:North Korea–Africa
2546:Africa–Arab Summit
2409:ASEAN-China (10+1)
1927:Cape to Cairo Road
1325:. 23 November 2015
779:its foreign policy
538:Alpha Oumar Konare
466:Gnassingbé Eyadéma
287:and all states in
251:simplified Chinese
154:Gnassingbé Eyadéma
30:
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2444:China-CELAC Forum
2296:
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2256:China-Brazil Fund
2197:
2196:
2087:
2086:
2033:Digital Silk Road
2009:Linked to the BRI
1995:
1994:
1942:Northern Corridor
1742:
1152:. 9 November 2009
1106:Kawakami, Osamu.
1053:978-1-03-239508-1
1024:978-0-231-21001-0
957:978-1-5036-3060-4
875:978-0-415-62851-8
854:Post–Cold War era
629:Republic of Congo
498:Salim Ahmed Salim
482:Frederick Chiluba
387:Westphalian norms
239:
238:
172:Salim Ahmed Salim
52:
16:(Redirected from
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2120:
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2028:Space Silk Road
2004:
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1987:Polar Silk Road
1972:
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1659:求是网 - 思想建党 理论强党
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2684:Italy–Africa
2650:Forum Summit
2645:India–Africa
2608:
2599:China-Africa
2272:Credit lines
2171:Multilateral
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480:, President
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2771:U.S.–Africa
2673:Iran–Africa
2111:Panda bonds
1813:(Indonesia)
1527:新华网_让新闻离你更近
1399:BBC News 中文
1329:17 December
1134:22 February
1129:China Daily
1095:Xinhua News
865:Ian Taylor
753:programme.
681:Chen Deming
677:Yang Jiechi
522:Addis Ababa
453:Jiang Zemin
125:Jiang Zemin
2808:Categories
1777:(Thailand)
1665:2024-09-01
1640:2024-09-01
1615:2024-09-01
1590:2024-09-01
1554:. Ibidem.
1533:2024-09-03
1508:2024-09-03
1457:2021-03-27
1432:2024-09-01
1405:2024-09-01
1304:2019-12-15
1228:2024-09-01
1222:中华人民共和国外交部
1182:2024-09-01
1176:中华人民共和国外交部
1077:2022-08-28
966:1249712936
882:References
817:, and the
775:Xi Jinping
671:; and the
657:Seychelles
651:, and the
605:Wen Jiabao
599:resort of
530:Wen Jiabao
457:Zhu Rongji
455:, Premier
340:Mauritania
178:Founded at
2301:Political
2202:Platforms
2092:Financial
2059:Hulhumalé
2016:Corridors
1783:(Vietnam)
1482:6 October
1323:saiia.org
1278:23 August
1252:23 August
1156:23 August
1044:Routledge
565:Hu Jintao
461:Hu Jintao
206:Political
136:Hu Jintao
106:Formation
2775:summits
2604:economic
2490:Category
2329:Dialogue
2156:Sinosure
2099:Concepts
2052:Projects
1961:Americas
1737:projects
1425:BBC News
838:See also
831:Changsha
645:Ethiopia
641:Tanzania
617:Zimbabwe
597:Egyptian
552:basis."
526:Ethiopia
508:and the
494:Tanzania
328:Djibouti
2125:Banking
1947:LAPSSET
1887:TRACECA
1851:Eurasia
1451:Reuters
763:Beijing
665:Burundi
613:Liberia
500:of the
478:Algeria
449:Beijing
426:Summits
420:Wang Yi
356:Tunisia
348:Somalia
344:Morocco
324:Algeria
230:Website
222:Funding
202:Purpose
182:Beijing
114:Founder
2308:Policy
2133:Policy
1952:VICMED
1915:Africa
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1381:Xinhua
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255:中非合作论坛
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40:中非合作论坛
2696:TICAD
2609:FOCAC
2209:Funds
1977:Theme
669:Gabon
661:Ghana
625:Sudan
352:Sudan
336:Libya
332:Egypt
247:FOCAC
186:China
101:FOCAC
87:China
31:FOCAC
2791:AGOA
2784:2022
2779:2014
2747:2023
2742:2019
2725:2024
2580:AAPF
2379:APEC
2355:2023
2350:2019
2345:2017
1891:TITR
1749:Asia
1560:ISBN
1484:2018
1357:ISBN
1331:2022
1280:2017
1254:2017
1158:2017
1136:2012
1048:ISBN
1019:ISBN
962:OCLC
952:ISBN
871:ISBN
470:Togo
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