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to "civic duty set by law" based on religious conviction is specifically prohibited (32) while citizens are bound to serve in the armed forces (37). Chapters 3 to 6 deal with the
National Assembly, President, government and Slovak National Council respectively and were abolished and replaced by the
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as synonym to
Ukrainians). "All citizens have the right of work and compensation for work done according to its amount, quality and social import" (21), "all workers" have the right of medical care and material security in old age and in case of disability (23). "In accordance with the interests of
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Chapter 2 describes the rights and duties of citizens. Equal rights regardless of nationality, race, or sex are guaranteed (20). Education is free and compulsory to the age of fifteen (24; this was changed to "set by law" as impractical in the education reform of the 1970s); citizens of
Hungarian,
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While
Article 1 of the Ninth-of-May Constitution vested all power in "the people," Article 2 of the 1960 Constitution vested power in "the working people." State power was exercised "by the working people through representative bodies which are elected by, surveilled by, and accountable to them."
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143/1968 and accompanying 144/1968 on ethnic minorities, and further by constitutional laws 57/1969 (local councils put into the authority of national republics), 155/1969 (court reform), 43/1971 (elected bodies term of office prolonged to 5 years from 4), 50/1975 (this actually affected only the
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ownership, which is the property of people's cooperatives (Art. 8). Small private enterprises "based on personal labour and excluding exploitation of others' workforce" are permitted within limits (9) formally; this in practice concerned agriculture. Personal ownership of consumer goods,
230:, thus combining executive and legislative functions into a single body. The legislative National Assembly was given authority to overrule decisions of the Slovak National Council, and central government agencies took over the administration of the major organs of Slovak local government.
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The
Constitution consisted of a preamble and 112 articles divided into 9 chapters. Chapter 1, entitled "The Social Order," declares Czechoslovakia to be a "socialist state, founded on the firm bond of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, in whose lead is the working class." It declared
306:, are also laid out. "Socialist ownership" takes two forms: state ownership especially of natural resources, the means of industrial production, public transportation and communications, banks and insurance companies, mass media and health, educational, and scientific facilities; and
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Ukrainian, and Polish ethnicity are ensured "all opportunities and means for education in their mother tongue" (25; this was abolished and replaced by somewhat more detailed constitutional law on minorities 144/1968, which also took in account
Germans and listed
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the working people, all citizens are guaranteed" freedom of speech and press (28). Also guaranteed is the "right to profess any religious faith or to be without religious conviction, and to practice religious acts unless this contravenes the law";
275:" dedicated to "friendly relations to all nations and securing lasting peace in the whole world". The paragraph whereby it was "a unitary State of two fraternal nations possessing equal rights – the Czechs and the Slovaks" was changed into "
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character. The revision was intended to allow the document to be used until it could be replaced with a completely new constitution. However, this never took place, and it remained in force until the
219:." It went on to say that as a result of "finishing the socialist construction, we are changing over to building an advanced socialist society and gathering strength for the transition to communism."
215:). Thus the constitution's preamble said that "socialism has won in our country," proclaiming that the last obstacle to socialism had been removed by "the determined action of the working people in
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and contained a mixture of liberal democratic and state socialist elements. In contrast, the 1960 Constitution was a fully state socialist document. It borrowed heavily from the
254:), 62/1978 (a minor change about schooling, see below), 135/1989 (leading role of the KSČ abolished etc.) and several times during 1990–1992 (e. g. 102/1990 change of the
119:
187:(known as "the Stalin Constitution"). This was reflected in the change of the country's official name from the Czechoslovak Republic (which was described as a
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Constitutional Law of
Federation, into which the Presidency had been moved: President unable to carry out his duties over a year can be replaced, i. e. ill
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in 1968. Chapter 7 concerns
National Committees (i. e. local and regional government), 8 judiciary system and 9 general and concluding provisions.
226:. This provision was NovotnĂ˝'s idea. The executive branch of the Slovak government was abolished and its duties assigned to the Presidium of the
312:
69:
258:- the constitutional laws changing the country's name twice weren't formally amendments to the constitution; 23/1991 incorporation of the
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and oneupmanship among other
Eastern Bloc countries, Czechoslovakia was declared the first country after "our great ally, the fraternal
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Article 4 codified the actual state of affairs that had prevailed in the country since 1948 by declaring, "The
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315:, and savings earned through labour" is guaranteed, as is inheritance of such property (10).
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are socialised and the entire national economy directed by plan" and the rules of
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295:(KSÄŚ)." The party had not even been mentioned in the Ninth-of-May Constitution.
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The Ninth-of-May-Constitution was superficially similar in many respects to the
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The constitution was first amended by constitutional laws 110/1967 (status of
137:Ústava Československé socialistické / Československej socialistickej republiky
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in Czech / Slovak), promulgated on 11 July 1960 as the constitutional law
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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local councils to be set by special law), 28/1968 (similar for
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The 1960 Constitution severely limited the autonomy granted to
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Principles of the "socialist economic system, in which the
207:" to have achieved socialism (three years before the
367:(in PDF from the 1963 publication by Orbis in Prague)
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Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
262:charter that replaced the Chapter 2 below, etc.).
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343:Government structure of Communist Czechoslovakia
279:" and moved into the Law of Federation in 1968.
159:in 1968. It was extensively revised after the
285:leading force in the society and the state
209:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
191:" after the 1948 Communist takeover) to
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365:English text of the 1960 constitution
271:Czechoslovakia to be a member of "the
205:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
19:1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
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195:. Due to President and party boss
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293:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
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331:Constitutional Law of Federation
243:Constitutional Law of Federation
157:Constitutional Law of Federation
143:, was the third constitution of
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425:Constitutions of Czechoslovakia
410:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
193:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
355:Czech text of the 1960 version
155:and was widely changed by the
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213:Socialist Republic of Romania
169:dissolution of Czechoslovakia
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97:To announce achievement of
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440:July 1960 events in Europe
291:of the working class, the
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189:people's democratic state
153:Ninth-of-May Constitution
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30:Title of the Constitution
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185:1936 Soviet Constitution
101:under leadership of the
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151:. It replaced the 1948
420:1960 in Czechoslovakia
273:world socialist system
445:Defunct constitutions
361:on October 10, 2007).
304:democratic centralism
211:and five before the
149:under Communist rule
300:means of production
47:Date effective
201:Nikita Khrushchev
181:1920 Constitution
163:to prune out its
161:Velvet Revolution
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84:Zdeněk Fierlinger
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76:Signatories
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372:References
239:Bratislava
124:Wikisource
266:Structure
171:in 1992.
109:Full text
99:socialism
66:Author(s)
337:See also
289:vanguard
224:Slovakia
175:Overview
57:Repealed
37:Ratified
287:is the
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235:Prague
250:with
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