358:, which was thought to have taken place on the Reelfoot fault and was the largest event in that series, had a rupture zone that was less than that of the Charlevoix earthquake and caused chimney damage at distances of more than 600 kilometres (370 mi). These things together suggest that the Charlevoix earthquake was similar in size to the largest of the New Madrid earthquakes and was at least a magnitude 6.8 event. The estimation of the earthquake's intensity was based on the condition of the soil where the damage occurred. A lower magnitude range would be preferred if the soil in the area was soft and loosely compacted and a range based on firm ground or bedrock would be proportionately higher.
32:
71:
472:. Father Charles Simon, on the other hand, was said to have limited training and some written records of his were not received as readily or without hesitation. Father Simon seemed to not be of the same mind as the bulk of the devoted, saying "...the Earthquake was rather a Scheme of Divine Mercy than a scourge of Justice,— especially since, in so great a confusion of affairs and perturbations of the elements, no one lost life or fortune. Fear came to all, penalty to none."
386:(a malleable metal alloy) was jarred from shelves. This level of damage is consistent with a modified Mercalli intensity of VI though this may have been because the early colonials had the capability of producing only relatively weak mortar. Using this MMI value and the distance from the epicenter one can estimate the magnitude of the earthquake using published intensity-attenuation relations. In a June 2011 report on the earthquake that was published in the
92:
53:
78:
39:
459:(a Roman Catholic religious institute for women) and the Augustinians left good records of the event. These groups accredited the earthquake to God as a retaliation for disobedience and the sale of alcohol to Indigenous people. Some very detailed, though inconsistent, summaries were given by several Jesuits, most notably
485:. They were pleased to see all the colonists attending church regularly in the following days and that even the traffickers in wine and brandy appeared to repent. These effects were short-lived and Lalemant and other missionaries were soon left wishing for another great earthquake to help them in their cause.
307:(CSZ) lies along the St. Lawrence River, northeast of Quebec City. Although eastern Canada has relatively infrequent earthquakes, due to its location away from active plate boundaries, the CSZ is its most active part, with five earthquakes of estimated magnitude of 6 or greater since historical records began.
480:
Immediately after the earthquake, the missionaries, once it had become clear that no lives had been lost, regarded the earthquake not only as a timely warning to the population of New France for their sinfulness, but also as a sign of God's protection. They described it as "miraculous" rather than a
349:
at depths between 7 and 15 km. Many of the smaller earthquakes do not appear to be located on the rift faults, but within the volumes of rock between them. Larger events lie outside the impact structure and have inferred nodal planes consistent with reactivation of the rift faults. The
294:
and some of the best recorded first hand accounts were from
Catholic missionaries that were working in the area. These records were scrutinized to help determine the scale of damage and estimate the magnitude of the quake in the absence of abundant records from that time period.
463:
who provided relatively reserved written accounts of the strong effects of the earthquake back to his superiors in Europe. Lalemant was said to have been a disciplined priest with diverse experience and following his time in Canada was brought back to France to be posted the
613:
Baird, A.F.; McKinnon S.D. & Godin L. (2010). "Relationship between structures, stress and seismicity in the
Charlevoix seismic zone revealed by 3-D geomechanical models: Implications for the seismotectonics of continental interiors".
282:
felt the effects. Landslides and underwater sediment slumps were a primary characteristic of the event with much of the destruction occurring near the epicentral region of the St. Lawrence estuary and also in the area of the
353:
The estimated length of the most active portion of the CSZ was 73 kilometres (45 mi) and the fault area was put at 73 km × 25 km (45 mi × 16 mi). By comparison, the 7 February
1491:
1182:
417:, interpreted to have been caused by the 1663 earthquake. In 1971 this was the site of another much smaller earthflow that destroyed 41 houses and killed 31 people.
759:
378:(~ 600 km from the CSZ) indicated the initial shock was felt around 6 pm that evening and several more shocks followed the next morning. On the shores of
431:
has been used to identify a series of landslide deposits that were probably triggered by the 1663 earthquake. The
Saguenay region is the site of a geological
409:
several waterfalls were transformed by these landslides, and one waterfall on the St. Maurice River near Les Grès was said to have been nearly leveled. At
959:"Le Ciel et la Terre nous ont parlé — Comment les missionnaires du Canada français de l'époque coloniale interprétèrent le tremblement de terre de 1663"
31:
786:
350:
relatively weak impact structure is interpreted to cause a perturbation of the regional stress field, affecting the stability of the rift faults.
999:
666:
1175:
1933:
572:
254:
of between 7.3 and 7.9. The earthquake occurred at 5:30 p.m. local time and was estimated to have a maximum perceived intensity of X (
439:
in 20th-century
Canadian history, which led to the investigation of the fjord bottom using bathymetric data to determine slope stability.
1511:
1168:
1063:
1191:
744:
499:
398:, used these known relations that apply to earthquakes in northeastern North America and determined the magnitude to be 7.3 – 7.9.
1093:
1989:
1320:
481:
disaster, regarding the date of the earthquake as particularly important, coming on the last day of the carnival, just before
70:
291:
435:
and has been subject to several natural disasters since the turn of the seventeenth century. In 1996 it was the site of the
219:
1852:
1461:
1235:
1083:
942:
740:
166:
785:
Locat, J.; Martin F.; Locat P.; Leroueil S.; Levesque C.; Konrad J.-M.; Urgeles R.; Canals M. & Duchesne M.J. (2003).
1636:
1240:
992:
1872:
1621:
1476:
405:
made these rivers muddy after the shock, with the waters of the St. Lawrence being affected for up to one month. Near
1496:
1265:
763:
1817:
1631:
1541:
1466:
1376:
1361:
1205:
1088:
1058:
910:
391:
110:
1974:
1923:
1782:
1661:
1626:
1586:
1381:
1134:
670:
1959:
1862:
1837:
1747:
1686:
1456:
1426:
1295:
1139:
1042:
985:
504:
1994:
1928:
1867:
1807:
1501:
1436:
1406:
1396:
1356:
1315:
1210:
1149:
1008:
494:
334:. The greatest seismicity occurs where the rift is overprinted by a ~300 Ma meteorite impact structure, the
1681:
1651:
1566:
1556:
1521:
1366:
1300:
1290:
793:
787:"Submarine mass movements in the Upper Saguenay Fjord, (Québec, CAnada), triggered by the 1663 earthquake"
1999:
1984:
1938:
1857:
1762:
1706:
1656:
1641:
1616:
1596:
1581:
1551:
1536:
1531:
1516:
1486:
1391:
1335:
1330:
1285:
1250:
1144:
1078:
1068:
335:
1969:
1897:
1827:
1752:
1742:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1676:
1606:
1561:
1446:
1431:
1325:
1305:
1280:
1255:
1230:
1073:
1037:
674:
623:
410:
355:
316:
578:
149:
1847:
1822:
1727:
1471:
1451:
1416:
1351:
1129:
1979:
1964:
1887:
1832:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1757:
1696:
1671:
1601:
1546:
1386:
1225:
1220:
1103:
1098:
1032:
1027:
898:
640:
259:
523:
1882:
1787:
1737:
1666:
1481:
1401:
1275:
1260:
1245:
933:
Hodgson, E. A. (1928), "The
Probable Epicentre of the Saint Lawrence Earthquake of Feb. 5 1663",
312:
304:
315:
and strike-slip faults of varied orientation. The main structures of the area are faults of the
1913:
1877:
1842:
1777:
1732:
1646:
1611:
1591:
1576:
1571:
1526:
1506:
1441:
1421:
1411:
1310:
1270:
1124:
1108:
635:
375:
1918:
1892:
1772:
1767:
1371:
958:
424:
420:
946:
914:
627:
460:
370:, though the date recorded for the event was 26 January 1663, as New England was using the
267:
115:
577:, vol. 26, Publications of the Dominion Observatory, pp. 271–301, archived from
8:
465:
950:
918:
631:
899:"A New Analysis of the Magnitude of the February 1663 Earthquake at Charlevoix, Quebec"
346:
379:
343:
406:
1160:
922:
645:
469:
448:
251:
16:
Magnitude 7 earthquake (February 5, 1663) affecting New France (now Quebec, Canada)
371:
308:
284:
205:
436:
428:
402:
395:
327:
320:
455:
people as well as several thousand French settlers. Religious groups like the
1953:
279:
271:
181:
168:
275:
649:
367:
977:
667:"Historic Earthquakes: St. Lawrence Valley region, Quebec, Canada, 1663"
926:
482:
414:
339:
239:
201:
456:
374:
at the time. A church record entry made by
Reverend S. Danforth from
331:
263:
452:
820:
Word from New France: Selected
Letters from Marie de l'Incarnation
319:
that run parallel to the river, formed during the break-up of the
784:
323:
311:
for earthquakes in this zone are consistent with rupture on both
432:
383:
247:
243:
401:
Great landslides along the Saint
Lawrence, Saint-Maurice, and
734:
817:
612:
574:
Earthquakes of eastern Canada and
Adjacent areas 1534–1927
972:(1–2), Institut d'histoire de l'Amérique française: 11–35
757:
737:
Earthquake
History of the United States Publication 41-1
1190:
935:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
91:
52:
382:, the tops of chimneys were broken on houses and
1951:
903:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
751:
394:, John E. Ebel, a professor and researcher at
1176:
993:
758:Natural Resources Canada (24 February 2009).
413:, there was a large earthflow landslide in a
735:J. L. Coffman; C. A. von Hake, eds. (1970).
838:
596:
594:
549:
547:
545:
1183:
1169:
1000:
986:
730:
728:
292:early European settlement of North America
1007:
639:
524:"M 7.0 - Near La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada"
278:on the south. A large portion of eastern
150:
745:United States Department of the Interior
701:
689:
591:
542:
500:List of earthquakes in the United States
266:is suggested to have occurred along the
932:
856:
844:
725:
1952:
661:
659:
77:
38:
1164:
981:
956:
880:
868:
832:
778:
570:
447:The inhabitants of the land were the
442:
943:Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
896:
741:United States Department of Commerce
719:
707:
695:
606:
600:
566:
564:
562:
553:
656:
366:The earthquake was felt sharply in
298:
13:
792:. pp. 497–507. Archived from
274:on the north and the mouth of the
14:
2011:
559:
1192:Earthquakes in the United States
911:Seismological Society of America
392:Seismological Society of America
90:
76:
69:
51:
37:
30:
874:
862:
850:
826:
818:Marie de l'Incarnation (1967).
811:
671:United States Geological Survey
616:Journal of Geophysical Research
212:
713:
516:
505:List of historical earthquakes
290:The event occurred during the
250:), and was assessed to have a
1:
1990:1663 in the Thirteen Colonies
510:
495:List of earthquakes in Canada
1094:1949 Queen Charlotte Islands
475:
338:. Most CSZ earthquakes have
7:
966:L'Histoire Environnementale
488:
336:Charlevoix impact structure
270:, between the mouth of the
10:
2016:
1064:1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska
822:. Oxford University Press.
624:American Geophysical Union
411:Saint-Jean-Vianney, Quebec
361:
317:Saint Lawrence rift system
238:occurred on February 5 in
236:1663 Charlevoix earthquake
20:1663 Charlevoix earthquake
1906:
1853:2018 Southern Appalachian
1720:
1344:
1198:
1117:
1051:
1015:
897:Ebel, J. E. (June 2011),
423:data and high resolution
211:
197:
160:
144:
136:
121:
108:
24:
1241:1812 San Juan Capistrano
260:Mercalli intensity scale
1873:2020 Monte Cristo Range
1622:1986 North Palm Springs
1477:1948 Desert Hot Springs
305:Charlevoix Seismic Zone
1975:1663 natural disasters
1924:2010–11 Guy-Greenbrier
1497:1957 Andreanof Islands
1321:1892 Vacaville–Winters
1266:1867 Manhattan, Kansas
376:Roxbury, Massachusetts
1960:Earthquakes in Quebec
1934:2009–present Oklahoma
1823:2014 Southeast Alaska
1818:2014 Aleutian Islands
1632:1987 Whittier Narrows
1542:1968 Borrego Mountain
1492:1954 Churchill County
1467:1946 Aleutian Islands
1462:1944 Cornwall–Massena
1362:1906 Aleutian Islands
1206:1585 Aleutian Islands
1089:1946 Vancouver Island
1084:1944 Cornwall–Massena
1059:1918 Vancouver Island
1009:Earthquakes in Canada
722:, pp. 1027, 1030
571:Smith, W. E. (1962),
427:data acquired in the
356:1812 New Madrid event
1995:Landslides in Canada
1783:2010 Baja California
1637:1987 Imperial Valley
1627:1986 Chalfant Valley
1587:1979 Imperial Valley
1382:1915 Pleasant Valley
1377:1915 Imperial Valley
650:10.1029/2010JB007521
421:Multibeam bathymetry
268:Saint Lawrence River
1863:2020 Salt Lake City
1808:2013 Port Alexander
1748:2006 Gulf of Mexico
1662:1992 Cape Mendocino
1427:1932 Cedar Mountain
1296:1872 North Cascades
1140:2010 Central Canada
1043:1872 North Cascades
951:1928JRASC..22..325H
919:2011BuSSA.101.1024E
632:2010JGRB..11511402B
528:earthquake.usgs.gov
466:provincial superior
178: /
21:
2000:Landslides in 1663
1985:1663 in New France
1868:2020 Central Idaho
1687:1993 Klamath Falls
1502:1957 San Francisco
1457:1940 New Hampshire
1437:1934 Hansel Valley
1407:1925 Santa Barbara
1397:1921 Sevier Valley
1357:1906 San Francisco
1316:1892 Laguna Salada
1246:1812 Santa Barbara
1236:1811–12 New Madrid
1211:1638 New Hampshire
957:Berry, L. (2006),
927:10.1785/0120100190
443:Historical records
425:seismic reflection
262:. The main shock
99:Show map of Canada
60:Show map of Quebec
19:
1970:1660s earthquakes
1947:
1946:
1682:1993 Scotts Mills
1652:1991 Sierra Madre
1567:1975 Near Islands
1557:1971 San Fernando
1522:1962 Cache Valley
1367:1909 Wabash River
1301:1882 Fort Collins
1291:1872 Owens Valley
1158:
1157:
380:Massachusetts Bay
232:
231:
2007:
1763:2008 Chino Hills
1707:1999 Hector Mine
1657:1992 Joshua Tree
1642:1989 Loma Prieta
1617:1984 Morgan Hill
1597:1981 Westmorland
1582:1979 Coyote Lake
1537:1965 Puget Sound
1532:1965 Rat Islands
1517:1959 Hebgen Lake
1487:1952 Kern County
1392:1918 San Jacinto
1336:1899 San Jacinto
1331:1898 Mare Island
1251:1838 San Andreas
1185:
1178:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1145:2012 Haida Gwaii
1079:1935 Timiskaming
1069:1929 Grand Banks
1002:
995:
988:
979:
978:
973:
963:
953:
929:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
823:
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
798:
791:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
762:. Archived from
755:
749:
748:
732:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
673:. Archived from
663:
654:
653:
643:
610:
604:
598:
589:
588:
587:
586:
568:
557:
551:
540:
539:
537:
535:
520:
470:Society of Jesus
309:Focal mechanisms
299:Tectonic setting
252:moment magnitude
228:
226:
214:
193:
192:
190:
189:
188:
183:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
155:
132:
130:
125:February 5, 1663
100:
94:
93:
80:
79:
73:
61:
55:
54:
41:
40:
34:
22:
18:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1980:1660s in Canada
1965:1663 in science
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:2019 Ridgecrest
1902:
1898:2024 New Jersey
1858:2019 Ridgecrest
1828:2014 South Napa
1753:2006 Kiholo Bay
1743:2003 San Simeon
1716:
1712:2000 Yountville
1702:1998 Pymatuning
1692:1994 Northridge
1677:1992 St. George
1607:1983 Borah Peak
1562:1973 Point Mugu
1552:1969 Santa Rosa
1512:1958 Lituya Bay
1447:1936 State Line
1432:1933 Long Beach
1340:
1326:1895 Charleston
1306:1886 Charleston
1281:1870 Charlevoix
1256:1857 Fort Tejon
1231:1783 New Jersey
1216:1663 Charlevoix
1194:
1189:
1159:
1154:
1135:2007–2008 Nazko
1113:
1074:1933 Baffin Bay
1047:
1038:1870 Charlevoix
1023:1663 Charlevoix
1011:
1006:
976:
961:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
816:
812:
802:
800:
796:
789:
783:
779:
769:
767:
756:
752:
733:
726:
718:
714:
706:
702:
694:
690:
680:
678:
665:
664:
657:
611:
607:
599:
592:
584:
582:
569:
560:
552:
543:
533:
531:
522:
521:
517:
513:
491:
478:
461:Jérôme Lalemant
445:
403:Batiscan Rivers
372:Julian calendar
364:
301:
285:Saguenay Graben
220:
218:
206:British America
204:
186:
184:
180:
177:
172:
169:
167:
165:
164:
154:
137:Local time
128:
126:
122:Local date
104:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
95:
87:
86:
85:
81:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
48:
47:
46:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:2018 Anchorage
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1728:2001 Nisqually
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:1947 Wisconsin
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:1940 El Centro
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:1931 Valentine
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1352:1901 Richfield
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:2001 Nisqually
1127:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
982:
975:
974:
954:
930:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
825:
810:
777:
766:on 2 July 2012
750:
724:
712:
710:, p. 1027
700:
698:, p. 1026
688:
655:
641:10.1.1.702.937
605:
603:, p. 1025
590:
558:
556:, p. 1024
541:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
502:
497:
490:
487:
477:
474:
444:
441:
429:Saguenay Fjord
415:sensitive clay
407:Trois-Rivières
396:Boston College
363:
360:
328:Neoproterozoic
321:supercontinent
313:reverse faults
300:
297:
230:
229:
216:
209:
208:
199:
198:Areas affected
195:
194:
162:
158:
157:
152:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
123:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
89:
88:
84:Trois-Rivières
83:
82:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
50:
49:
45:Trois-Rivières
44:
43:
36:
35:
29:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2012:
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1813:2014 La Habra
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1547:1968 Illinois
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1387:1916 Irondale
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1226:1755 Cape Ann
1224:
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1221:1700 Cascadia
1219:
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1104:1988 Saguenay
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1033:1732 Montreal
1031:
1029:
1028:1700 Cascadia
1026:
1024:
1021:
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1018:
1014:
1010:
1003:
998:
996:
991:
989:
984:
983:
980:
971:
968:(in French),
967:
960:
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952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:: 1024–1038,
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
894:
890:
889:
882:
877:
870:
865:
859:, p. 332
858:
853:
847:, p. 326
846:
841:
834:
829:
821:
814:
799:on 2013-12-12
795:
788:
781:
765:
761:
754:
746:
742:
738:
731:
729:
721:
716:
709:
704:
697:
692:
677:on 2010-02-09
676:
672:
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660:
651:
647:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
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581:on 2013-01-01
580:
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473:
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458:
454:
450:
440:
438:
437:largest flood
434:
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418:
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399:
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389:
385:
381:
377:
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341:
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333:
329:
325:
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296:
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288:
286:
281:
280:North America
277:
273:
272:Malbaie River
269:
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261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
227:
224:
217:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
191:
182:47.6°N 70.1°W
163:
159:
156:
147:
143:
139:
135:
124:
120:
117:
114:
112:
107:
72:
33:
23:
1929:2012 Brawley
1883:2021 Chignik
1788:2010 Indiana
1738:2003 Alabama
1721:21st century
1667:1992 Landers
1482:1949 Olympia
1402:1925 Montana
1345:20th century
1276:1868 Hayward
1261:1865 Memphis
1215:
1118:21st Century
1099:1985 Nahanni
1052:20th Century
1022:
969:
965:
938:
934:
906:
902:
891:Bibliography
883:, p. 34
876:
871:, p. 14
864:
857:Hodgson 1928
852:
845:Hodgson 1928
840:
835:, p. 12
828:
819:
813:
801:. Retrieved
794:the original
780:
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
760:"Landslides"
753:
747:. p. 9.
736:
715:
703:
691:
679:. Retrieved
675:the original
619:
615:
608:
583:, retrieved
579:the original
573:
532:. Retrieved
527:
518:
479:
446:
419:
400:
387:
365:
352:
326:in the late
302:
289:
276:Ouelle River
255:
246:province of
235:
233:
222:
1878:2020 Sparta
1843:2018 Hawaii
1838:2018 Alaska
1778:2010 Eureka
1733:2002 Denali
1647:1990 Upland
1612:1983 Kaoiki
1592:1980 Eureka
1577:1975 Hawaii
1572:1975 Morris
1527:1964 Alaska
1507:1958 Huslia
1442:1935 Helena
1422:1932 Eureka
1412:1927 Lompoc
1311:1887 Sonora
1286:1871 Lānaʻi
1271:1868 Hawaii
1125:2000 Kipawa
1109:1989 Ungava
945:: 325–334,
368:New England
344:Grenvillian
342:within the
340:hypocenters
187:47.6; -70.1
185: /
1954:Categories
1914:2001 Enola
1893:2023 Texas
1773:2008 Wells
1199:Historical
1150:2013 Craig
1016:Historical
881:Berry 2006
869:Berry 2006
833:Berry 2006
626:: B11402.
622:(B11402).
585:2008-10-10
511:References
483:Mardi Gras
330:and early
240:New France
202:New France
129:1663-02-05
1919:2008 Reno
1768:2008 Reno
1372:1914 Reno
720:Ebel 2011
708:Ebel 2011
696:Ebel 2011
636:CiteSeerX
601:Ebel 2011
554:Ebel 2011
476:Aftermath
457:Ursulines
449:Algonquin
332:Paleozoic
264:epicentre
258:) on the
242:(now the
215:intensity
161:Epicenter
145:Magnitude
489:See also
453:Iroquois
388:Bulletin
347:basement
244:Canadian
148:7.3–7.9
947:Bibcode
915:Bibcode
803:1 March
770:1 March
628:Bibcode
468:of the
390:of the
362:Effects
324:Rodinia
256:Extreme
223:Extreme
221:MMI X (
173:70°06′W
170:47°36′N
127: (
1907:Swarms
681:27 May
638:
534:17 May
530:. USGS
433:graben
384:pewter
248:Quebec
116:ComCat
962:(PDF)
909:(3),
797:(PDF)
790:(PDF)
140:17:30
109:USGS-
805:2012
772:2012
683:2010
536:2021
451:and
303:The
234:The
213:Max.
111:ANSS
923:doi
907:101
646:doi
620:115
1956::
970:60
964:,
941:,
939:22
937:,
921:,
905:,
901:,
743:/
739:.
727:^
669:.
658:^
644:.
634:.
618:.
593:^
561:^
544:^
526:.
287:.
1184:e
1177:t
1170:v
1001:e
994:t
987:v
949::
925::
917::
807:.
774:.
685:.
652:.
648::
630::
538:.
225:)
153:w
151:M
131:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
