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The Reverend

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bishops, evangelists, apostles, etc. are often, for example, known as "Bishop John Smith" or "Bishop Smith"). Any member of the priesthood who presides over a congregation can, and often is, known as "pastor" or (if an elder), "presiding elder". Such use might only be in reference to occupying that position ("she is the pastor") as opposed to being used as a style ("Pastor Jane"). Priesthood members presiding over multiple congregations or various church councils are often termed "president". Externally, in ecumenical settings,
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When traveling in England they are customarily addressed as "My Lord" or "Your Lordship" and thus put on the same footing as the Bishops of the Established Church of that country, who, when sojourning in America, are properly so addressed. Similarly, a visiting Anglican Archbishop is "Your Grace." He
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as a style, but are generally known as "brother" or "sister" or by their specific priesthood office ("deacon", "teacher" or "priest" are often appended after the person's name, instead of, for example, "Deacon John Adams" or "Deacon Adams", and generally only in written form; in contrast, elders,
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was used to refer to a church consistory, a local administrative body. "Reverend Coetus" and "Reverend Assembly" were used to refer to the entire body of local officials during the transformation of the Dutch Reformed Church in the mid-18th century.
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in traditional usage: it would be as irregular as calling the person in question "The Well-Respected Smith". In some countries, especially Britain, Anglican clergy are acceptably addressed by the title of their office, such as
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are often recognized as clergy by secular authorities for purposes such as registering marriages; other hazzanim may be addressed as Reverend, although Cantor is more common.
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In British Methodism, ordained ministers can be either presbyters (ministers of word and sacrament) or deacons (ministers of witness and service). Presbyters are addressed as
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1.2His/Your Reverence A title or form of address to a member of the clergy, especially a priest in Ireland. 'I regret, Your Reverence, that I cannot come to meet you.'
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and in the British Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries, especially if the rabbi had attended a Western-style seminary or university rather than a traditional
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Heads of autocephalous and autonomous churches with the title Patriarch are styled differently, according to the customs of their respective churches, usually
2537: 1830:. In Presbyterian courts where elders hold equal status with ministers it is correct to refer to ministers by their title (Mr, Mrs, Dr, Prof etc.). 481:
may be modified to reflect ecclesiastical standing and rank. Modifications vary across religious traditions and countries. Some common examples are:
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Like some other groups that assert the lack of clerical titles within the church as narrated in the New Testament, congregations in the
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is acceptable for all three orders of clergy, though in some countries this is customary for priests only. Deacons may be addressed as
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priests and for many priests of the Anglican and Lutheran churches. Some female Anglican or Old Catholic priests use the style
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is used in some places, although these are formally used to address members of Methodist religious orders, such as the
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In some Methodist churches, especially in the United States, ordained and licensed ministers are usually addressed as
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Patriarchs of Eastern-rite Catholic churches (those in full communion with Rome) who are made Cardinals are titled
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is sometimes put before the list of names, especially in the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
2771: 2491: 2092: 1996: 1913: 1847: 1791: 1743: 1603: 1470: 1342: 917: 521: 191:, form of address, or title of respect. The style is also sometimes used by leaders in other religions such as 68: 946: 634:(in writing) may be used for seminarians who are ordained to the diaconate, before being ordained presbyters; 550: 97: 2088: 1992: 1909: 1739: 1599: 1466: 1338: 913: 517: 179:. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions. 64: 1280: 928: 532: 79: 2160:
The use of the Christian terms "Reverend" and "minister" for the rabbi of a congregation was common in
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In traditional and formal English usage it is still considered incorrect to drop the definite article,
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is often not used in both written and spoken English. When the style is used within a sentence,
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is traditionally used as an adjectival form with first names (or initials) and surname (e.g.
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in less formal) is often used in many nondenominational Christian traditions rather than
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Many African American Baptists use "Reverend" informally and formally, however correctly
724: 445: 2747: 798:, such as the United Kingdom (but not in Northern Ireland), only archbishops are styled 2197:
In most European Lutheran churches (as well as some in America) most clergy are called
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are correct though now old-fashioned uses. Use of the prefix with the surname alone (
2177:(cantor), who is addressed (in English) as "Reverend". For this reason, and because 727:
of religious orders of priests, rectors or presidents of colleges and universities,
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or "Pastor John"; the latter frequently used by members of their congregation.
2765: 1823: 1298: 1040: 736: 246:); other Lutheran bishops, Anglican bishops, and Catholic bishops are styled 203: 2150: 1704:, however, is still used in more formal or official written communication. 1389:. However, Southern Baptist pastors are often orally addressed as either 839:
and other Eastern-rite Catholic or Orthodox leaders with the title Pope as
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is introduced as "The Most Reverend, His Grace, the Archbishop of York."
1009:, according to ecclesiastical elevation), while in spoken use the title 1685:(with given name and surname) or as Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms with surname alone. 1272: 1214: 1100: 1002: 920: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 820: 784: 524: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 354: 214:("to respect; to revere"), meaning " to be revered/must be respected". 1536:
and the person's last name are frequently used (such as Father Smith).
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to be used as a noun and for clergy to be referred to as being either
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are also sometimes used, along with their parallel in direct address,
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are often referred to in written communication and formal address as
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In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has been increasingly common for
46: 2702:; Blowers, Paul M; Dunnavant, Anthony L; et al., eds. (2004), 1517:
is usually written, but the person is commonly orally addressed as
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An archbishop or metropolitan, whether or not he is the head of an
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Priests with various grades of jurisdiction above pastor (e.g.,
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History of the Reformed Church, at Readington, N. J. 1719-1881,
2365:(16th ed.), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010 2173: 2154: 2131:, which denotes that they have received rabbinical ordination ( 2033: 1382: 1250: 1159: 1062: 780: 762: 653: 172: 2698: 2128: 1238: 1058: 802:(and addressed as "Your Grace") and other bishops are styled 752: 342: 188: 153:, a major religious leader of the 18th century. He is styled 1822:, Edinburgh (also known as the High Kirk of Edinburgh) and 1818:. By tradition in the Church of Scotland, the ministers of 836: 2478:. Board of publication of the Reformed church in America. 2031:
In some countries, including the United States, the title
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in Commonwealth countries), or, in informal settings, as
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The Reverend Mother Superior of the Poor Clares of Boston
628:(in speaking), if ordained permanently to the diaconate. 597: 30:"Reverend" and "Rev." redirect here. For other uses, see 2534:"Forms of Addresses and Salutations for Orthodox Clergy" 444:
as an informal title is used for Catholic, Orthodox and
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is correctly in lower-case. The usual abbreviations for
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Mead, Frank S; Hill, Samuel S; Atwood, Craig D (2005),
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Some small communities without a rabbi may be led by a
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afterwards. Moderators of the General Assembly of the
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in the United States often addresses its ministers as
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None of the clergy are usually addressed in speech as
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and the person's last name are more frequently used.
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The Reverend John Smith and the Reverend Henry Brown
1051:(Russian practice). All may be simply addressed as 773:in written form, while being referred to simply as 375:
I talked to the reverend about the wedding service.
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1524:Priests: The formal style for a priest is either 412:Male Christian priests are sometimes addressed as 1948:Internally, members of the priesthood do not use 1854:and instead use the more generalized designation 2763: 2677:Handbook of denominations in the United States 2674: 397:. It is likewise incorrect to form the plural 769:, with their convent's name following (e.g., 2465: 171:given before the names of certain Christian 2704:Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement 2095:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1999:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1916:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1746:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1606:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1473:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1345:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2609: 2375: 2219: 1510:and their last name (such as Deacon Smith) 2324: 2322: 2233:(definition) (online ed.). Longman. 2127:The primary Jewish religious leader is a 2115:Learn how and when to remove this message 2019:Learn how and when to remove this message 1936:Learn how and when to remove this message 1864:Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 1766:Learn how and when to remove this message 1626:Learn how and when to remove this message 1493:Learn how and when to remove this message 1365:Learn how and when to remove this message 1105:The Most Reverend Archbishop/Metropolitan 980:Learn how and when to remove this message 584:Learn how and when to remove this message 131:Learn how and when to remove this message 2471: 2424:(online dictionary), MSN, archived from 144: 1858:. The practice is universal within the 1833: 14: 2764: 2679:(12th ed.), Nashville: Abingdon, 2615: 2570:from the original on 17 September 2016 2447:"Ecclesiastical and other information" 2319: 2293:from the original on 16 September 2016 2201:rather than the American tradition of 1877: 2598:from the original on 10 November 2011 2378:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage 2237:from the original on 29 February 2012 2706:, Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans, 2656:from the original on 13 October 2015 2514:from the original on 29 October 2012 2453:from the original on 14 October 2018 2449:. The Catholic Herald. 6 June 1947. 2398:from the original on 21 October 2012 2283:""How to Address Church Officials", 2093:adding citations to reliable sources 2060: 1997:adding citations to reliable sources 1964: 1960: 1914:adding citations to reliable sources 1881: 1784:moderators of the General Assemblies 1744:adding citations to reliable sources 1711: 1604:adding citations to reliable sources 1571: 1471:adding citations to reliable sources 1438: 1343:adding citations to reliable sources 1310: 918:adding citations to reliable sources 889: 624:(in writing or speaking), or simply 522:adding citations to reliable sources 493: 187:, but is sometimes referred to as a 157:, an abbreviation of "The Reverend". 69:adding citations to reliable sources 40: 2277: 2275: 1802:, when ordained clergy, are styled 885: 27:Christian religious honorific style 24: 2313:The Lutheran Witness, Volumes 9-11 2285:Catholic Education Resource Center 1427:usually refer to their pastors as 25: 2788: 2723: 2540:from the original on 22 July 2018 1806:during their year of service and 1672:Saint Brigid of Kildare Monastery 1532:, but for male priests the title 1409:without the pastor's last name). 1279:and (for historical reasons) the 253:With Christian clergy, the forms 2730: 2272: 2065: 1969: 1886: 1796:Presbyterian Church of Australia 1716: 1576: 1443: 1315: 1241:of monasteries may be styled as 1229:of monasteries may be styled as 1199:(sometimes abbreviated as "Cn"). 894: 498: 474:Ecclesiastical titles and styles 45: 2692: 2668: 2638: 2619:The American Mercury, Volume 10 2582: 2552: 2526: 2500: 2439: 2315:. C.A. Frank. 1890. p. 67. 2191: 1866:but has become uncommon in the 1707: 905:needs additional citations for 509:needs additional citations for 484: 56:needs additional citations for 2562:Crockford's Clerical Directory 2560:""How to address the clergy", 2410: 2384: 2369: 2355: 2305: 2249: 2231:LDoceOnline English Dictionary 1792:Presbyterian Church in Ireland 1292:Some archbishops, such as the 1265:if a male diocesan bishop (or 1067:The Very Reverend Abbot/Abbess 13: 1: 2472:Thompson, Henry Post (1882). 2267:Tricycle: The Buddhist Review 2212: 1130: 866:; bishops and archbishops as 467: 2616:Nathan, George Jean (1927). 2376:Burchfield, RW, ed. (1996), 1778:Church ministers are styled 1567: 993:A deacon is often styled as 767:The Reverend Mother Superior 638:(in speaking); nearly never 608:(in writing or in speaking). 405:); but in a list of clergy, 7: 2508:"Catholic Forms of Address" 2363:The Chicago Manual of Style 1434: 1425:National Baptist Convention 1281:Bishop of Meath and Kildare 1223:(abbreviated as "The Ven"). 1135: 1080:A bishop is referred to as 489: 238:bishops are usually styled 218:is therefore equivalent to 10: 2793: 2056: 2041:in more formal address or 1559:Archbishops are styled as 1306: 1168:The Reverend Father/Mother 831:His Beatitude and Eminence 471: 29: 2334:Oxford English Dictionary 2137:). They are addressed as 1812:Presbyterian Church (USA) 1646:. In informal situations 1506:Deacons: Commonly styled 1082:The Right Reverend Bishop 1049:The Right Reverend Father 794:In some countries of the 695:Chaplains of His Holiness 393:or an adult man as being 325:The Reverend Father Smith 32:Reverend (disambiguation) 2650:www.ireland.anglican.org 2261:29 December 2021 at the 2184: 2162:Classical Reform Judaism 1874:for ordained ministers. 1850:), often disdain use of 1294:Archbishop of Canterbury 1176:The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss 1154:The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss 1045:The Very Reverend Father 1037:The Very Reverend Father 377:) or to be addressed as 321:The Reverend J. F. Smith 285:. In practice, however, 272: 2754:Encyclopædia Britannica 2646:"The Church of Ireland" 1800:United Church of Canada 1690:United Methodist Church 1418:The Reverend Mary Smith 1414:The Reverend John Smith 1189:(even if not ordained). 1024:; a monastic priest is 862:, honorary prelates as 687:Protonotaries Apostolic 438:The Reverend John Smith 317:The Reverend John Smith 2757:(11th ed.). 1911. 2510:. Catholic tradition. 1539:Bishops are styled as 1381:in the United States, 1269:in the United States). 1217:are usually styled as 1205:are usually styled as 1195:are usually styled as 1181:Heads of some women's 1162:are usually styled as 234:archbishops, and most 183:is correctly called a 158: 2772:Ecclesiastical styles 2256:"Reverend Earl Ikeda" 1862:and prevalent in the 1842:(i.e., influenced by 1546:In America the style 1069:and are addressed as 717:ecclesiastical judges 452:and are addressed as 329:The Reverend Mr Smith 148: 36:Rev. (disambiguation) 2622:. Knopf. p. 186 2330:"His/Your Reverence" 2089:improve this section 1993:improve this section 1910:improve this section 1840:Restoration Movement 1834:Restoration Movement 1740:improve this section 1600:improve this section 1467:improve this section 1339:improve this section 1259:and, traditionally, 1047:(Greek practice) or 1020:A married priest is 914:improve this article 642:when referring to a 518:improve this article 416:or, for example, as 65:improve this article 2738:Christianity portal 2594:, UK: Alton Abbey, 2428:on 15 February 2009 2380:, Oxford: Clarendon 1957:is sometimes used. 1878:Community of Christ 1868:Disciples of Christ 1844:Barton Warren Stone 1820:St Giles' Cathedral 1644:The Reverend Doctor 1548:The Reverend Bishop 1187:The Reverend Mother 1150:The Reverend Deacon 1022:The Reverend Father 1013:is used (sometimes 995:The Reverend Deacon 681:The Reverend Father 632:The Reverend Mister 618:The Reverend Deacon 450:The Reverend Mother 269:is sometimes used. 265:. The abbreviation 2340:on 25 January 2018 2145:or (especially in 1860:Churches of Christ 1848:Alexander Campbell 1814:are styled simply 1804:The Right Reverend 1788:Church of Scotland 1541:The Right Reverend 1296:, are also styled 1256:The Right Reverend 1244:The Right Reverend 1197:The Reverend Canon 1122:and exceptionally 1103:church, is styled 854:alone. Generally, 804:The Right Reverend 757:The Right Reverend 646:deacon in English. 459:In a unique case, 387:the Reverend Smith 335:) is considered a 333:The Reverend Smith 248:The Right Reverend 159: 2700:Foster, Douglas A 2125: 2124: 2117: 2029: 2028: 2021: 1961:Nondenominational 1946: 1945: 1938: 1828:The Very Reverend 1808:The Very Reverend 1776: 1775: 1768: 1676:annual conference 1656:His/Her Reverence 1636: 1635: 1628: 1561:The Most Reverend 1530:The Very Reverend 1503: 1502: 1495: 1379:Southern Baptists 1375: 1374: 1367: 1286:The Most Reverend 1232:The Very Reverend 1208:The Very Reverend 1107:and addressed as 1084:and addressed as 990: 989: 982: 964: 800:The Most Reverend 789:The Most Reverend 745:The Very Reverend 691:Prelates of Honor 660:, in an order of 620:(in writing), or 614:are addressed as 600:may be styled as 598:Religious sisters 594: 593: 586: 568: 434:Father John Smith 381:or, for example, 240:The Most Reverend 141: 140: 133: 115: 16:(Redirected from 2784: 2777:Christian clergy 2758: 2750: 2748:"Reverend"  2740: 2735: 2734: 2717: 2716: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2484:10.7282/T33F4QN7 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2336:. 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945: 941: 938: 934: 931: –  930: 926: 925:Find sources: 919: 915: 909: 908: 903:This section 901: 897: 892: 891: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 842: 838: 835:The Catholic 834: 832: 828: 826: 825:His Beatitude 822: 819: 817: 813: 810: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792: 790: 786: 782: 779: 776: 772: 768: 765:of convents: 764: 761: 759:(in writing). 758: 754: 751: 747:(in writing). 746: 742: 738: 737:vicars forane 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 704:(in writing). 703: 702: 699:The Reverend 696: 692: 688: 685: 684: 682: 678: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 652: 645: 641: 640:Father Deacon 637: 633: 630: 629: 627: 623: 622:Father Deacon 619: 616: 615: 613: 610: 607: 603: 599: 596: 595: 588: 585: 577: 566: 563: 559: 556: 552: 549: 545: 542: 538: 535: –  534: 530: 529:Find sources: 523: 519: 513: 512: 507:This section 505: 501: 496: 495: 482: 480: 475: 465: 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 391:an honourable 388: 384: 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