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582:), Latinized abbreviation KUOS) – a training cadre with the purpose of training general duty KGB officers in irregular warfare and combat tactics for clandestine operations overseas or as a stay-behind cadre and backbone for the formation of partisan units in case of a foreign invasion. In 1966 these courses were taken out of the structure of the First Chief Directorate and co-located as an independent training center together with the training center of the
32:
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situation and ordered a military intervention the dual characteristics of those KGB officers as intelligence operatives with advanced combat training and their location within the
Presidential Palace made them ideal to both gather intel on the actions of the Afghan leadership and spearhead the assault on the residence, opening the way for the "Muslim Battalion" (154th Special Operations Independent Force –
312:
702:) with the same tasks as the Kaskad teams. The name of the task force (the last letter in the Greek alphabet) indicated it to be the last unit of that sort to be deployed to Afghanistan. Omega was composed of 9 mobile special operations task groups (8 located in the interior of the country, the ninth group located together with the unit HQ in
714:
Vympel follows the lineage of Zenyth, Kaskad and Omega combined. On August 19, 1981 at a classified meeting the Soviet government made the decision for a permanent
Special Operations Task Group within the KGB's First Chief Directorate. The new group was formed around the cadre of Zenith, Kaskad-1 and
628:
The main purpose of the KUOS center was the regular and irregular combat training of KGB Academy cadets as part of the establishment's curriculum. The secondary purpose was in case of a rising tension in a specific region to generate a tailored task group out of the cadets currently in an advanced
901:
and nuclear safety enforcement. Vympel operatives undergo special training related to improvised or special explosive devices, permitting them to use "terrorist-like" tactics to carry out their operations. Physical training includes close hand combat, parachute training, diving, underwater combat
692:
operated both in intelligence and counter-intelligence capacities, so in contrast to the Zenyth Task Group, which was tailored to a specific operation and concentrated on intelligence gathering, the Kaskad Task Groups were organised to provide support to the KGB counter intelligence operatives in
684:, Russian for "cascade"). From July 1980 until April 1983 the Kaskad made four tours to Afghanistan in different composition and with different duration, so the four task forces are known simply as Kaskad-1 (6 months), Kaskad-2 (6 months), Kaskad-3 (9 months) and Kaskad-4 (12 months). Unlike the
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activation in case of war. Most of the Vympel operatives mastered two or three foreign languages since they were intended to act in foreign countries, deep behind enemy lines. Vympel was tasked with assassinating the top leadership of enemy states and destroying strategic infrastructure in the
659:
and fearing he would be ousted from power the same way he asked the Soviet government to provide his protective detail. The combined KGB Grom and Zenyth contingent was deployed in that role, wearing Afghan army uniforms without identification. Later, when the Soviet leadership re-evaluated the
693:
theater, suppressing covert activities in the towns and hunting down agents cross-country. In addition those task groups had the mission to select, train and mentor groups of
Afghans which would take over their duties once the Kaskad is brought back to the Soviet Union and dissolved.
877:
counterparts. However, after the collapse of the USSR, Vympel was decimated by endless re-organisation and re-definition. It passed under the aegis of the
Security Ministry before being receded to the GUO (the two institutions were short-lived offspring of the ex-KGB during the
655:. The Zenyth Task Group was headed personally by the director of KUOS Colonel Grigoriy Boyarinov (who was in charge of the KUOS since it became an independent structure in 1969). Since Hafizullah Amin came to power by ordering the assassination of his predecessor
742:'s Department "S" (overseas illegal operatives). In 1972 he became an instructor at the KUOS. In 1979 he deployed with Zenyth to Afghanistan. Upon his return to the Soviet Union he headed the KUOS, a position vacated by the death of Col. Boyarinov in
896:
Special
Operations Center (TsSN FSB RF) was granted control over Vympel. The group regained its original name and was reintegrated into the Intelligence Service structures. The emphasis shifted from covert and clandestine sabotage operations to
888:
had no use for such a unit. The bulk of the Vympel operatives could not stand the humiliation of being subordinated to the police, and duly resigned: of 278 officers, only 57 chose to remain within the MVD. The unit was renamed "Vega."
706:). This task group concluded the building of local Afghan capabilities within the Afghan Counter-Intelligence Service KAM and its Special Operations Tasks Battalion to take over the responsibilities of the KGB assets deployed on site.
648:
678:
After the full-sized invasion of Soviet forces within the Afghan People's
Republic in July 1980 the KGB ordered the KUOS to form another special operations task force - Kaskad (
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753:
With its formation the Vympel
Special Operations Task Group was put under the command of First Chief Directorate's Department "S" - the KGB's overseas clandestine service (
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1057:
715:
Kaskad-2 in order to retain the proficiency level of the operatives and to retain the lessons learned in the process of fighting irregular warfare in
Afghanistan.
666:) of the GRU Spetsnaz. Col. Boyarinov was killed in the fighting along with 5 operatives of Grom and Zenyth. Storm-333 is a rare example of KGB Spetsnaz and
456:
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techniques, climbing, and alpine rope techniques. Regional groups of Vympel were deployed in cities with especially important nuclear facilities.
566:
As most of the training in the KGB academy concentrated on plainclothes operational work focused on espionage and counter-espionage, in 1955 the
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921:. Little is known about its current operations and activities, with the exception being the capture of the Chechen militant leader
640:
409:
1294:
1428:
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935:, who was named as a suspect in the murder of a Russian businessman in 2013 in Moscow and as 2022 convicted murderer of
730:. In 1968 he entered the Soviet Military Academy and the Military Diplomatic Academy (the training establishment of the
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604:) as part of the students' curriculum – initially a three-month course. In 1970 the KUOS relocated again to
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in 1968. A year later the KUOS was absorbed into the KGB Academy (Higher Red Banner School of KGB of the USSR,
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734:) after that, graduating in 1970. Right after that Kozlov transferred from the Soviet Armed Forces to the
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Vympel quickly gained the reputation of being among the best Soviet special forces units, surpassing its
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critical "special period," when the outbreak of war between the superpowers would have been unavoidable.
461:
82:
639:), which gained a legendary status in Russia. From the cadre of KUOS the Special Operations Task Group
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939:, is - according to investigations by Bellingcat - suggested a member or former member of Vympel.
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of the
Russian Federation, is still a classified and secretive unit. It took part in Russia's
746:. Named Vympel's first commander, he was replaced in 1985 and promoted to the Headquarters of
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1164:"Berlin Assassination: New Evidence on Suspected FSB Hitman Passed to German Investigators"
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Ewald Kozlov, a graduate of the Baku Naval
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On April 1983 the Kaskad-4 was relieved by the Omega Special Operations Task Group (
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of the service established the Development Courses for Officer Personnel (
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Vympel, abbreviation of the Directorate в (Russian Cyrillic for V) of the
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era) and finally passed to the MVD (Interior Ministry). However, the
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was formed to take part in the liquidation of the Afghan leader
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771:)). The new unit's mission statement was ordered as follows:
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and the duration of the training increased to seven months.
1207:Ликвидаторы КГБ. Спецоперации советских спецслужб 1941-2004
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diversion and assault in strategic locations of the enemy (
1094:"История Группы специального назначения "Вымпел" КГБ СССР"
874:
735:
689:
685:
315:
608:, the position of the director was promoted from a KGB
1109:"'Illegals' Spy Ring Famed in Lore of Russian Spying"
996:"Курсы усовершенствования офицерского состава (КУОС)"
775:
intelligence gathering deep within the enemy's rear (
759:) under the covert name Independent Training Center (
457:
Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
778:разведывательные действия в глубоком тылу противника
1039:"Оперативно-разведывательный боевой отряд "Каскад""
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
815:security of Soviet diplomatic locations overseas (
534:, and having the same meaning), but also known as
834:The unit was formed in 1981 by the KGB Maj. Gen.
806:seizure of enemy surface vessels and submarines (
509:Directorate "V" of the FSB Special Purpose Center
131:Directorate "V" of the FSB Special Purpose Center
19:For the Russian air-to-air missile designer, see
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699:Отряд специального назначения «Омега» КГБ СССР
452:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
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629:stage of their training. Such example is the
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573:Курсы усовершенствования офицерского состава
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651:Team (Russian for "thunder") of the KGB's
1055:
974:. Harvard University Press. p. 401.
971:The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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827:борьба с террористическими организациями
1477:Military counterterrorist organizations
1253:
1134:
1464:
846:unit specialised in deep penetration,
818:охрана советских учреждений за рубежом
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1106:
824:combat against terror organisations (
1295:Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs
718:The founding commander of Vympel is
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
927:the assault on the school in Beslan
800:диверсии на стратегических объектах
673:
13:
1140:"KGB Spetsnaz & World War III"
919:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
586:(the KGB's own military force) in
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16:Russian elite special forces unit
447:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
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590:. The KUOS graduates had their
41:needs additional citations for
1214:KGB Spetsnaz and World War III
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1107:Barry, Ellen (June 29, 2010).
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809:захват судов и подводных лодок
1:
1279:Russian government censorship
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551:Spetsgruppa "A" (Alpha Group)
549:Vympel is the sister unit of
437:Moscow theatre hostage crisis
422:Russian constitutional crisis
709:
480:Col. Vladimir Nana Boahene
442:Beslan school hostage crisis
7:
1076:"Козлов Эвальд Григорьевич"
942:
842:of the KGB, as a dedicated
612:/Captain 2nd Rank to a KGB
462:Russian invasion of Ukraine
10:
1508:
1209:. — М.: Яуза; Эксмо, 2004.
556:
410:Soviet coup d'état attempt
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1218:Espionage History Archive
1144:Espionage History Archive
1002:(in Russian). 31 May 2016
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1482:Federal Security Service
968:CRACRAFT, James (2009).
588:Golitsyno, Moscow Oblast
1220:, Retrieved 08-24-2015.
1058:""Омега" оСпН КГБ СССР"
913:and in storming of the
854:, protection of Soviet
850:, universal direct and
840:First Chief Directorate
762:Отдельный учебный центр
748:First Chief Directorate
740:First Chief Directorate
568:First Chief Directorate
561:
511:, often referred to as
1274:International response
1205:Kolpakidi, Aleksandr.
1021:"Операция "Шторм 333""
937:Zelimkhan Khangoshvili
836:Yuri Ivanovich Drozdov
670:operating in concert.
528:
280:Special reconnaissance
264:Long-range penetration
272:Military intelligence
230:Close-quarters combat
226:Clandestine operation
1200:Wall Street Journal,
917:building during the
784:human intelligence (
584:Soviet Border Troops
246:Executive protection
50:improve this article
1472:Beslan school siege
1362:Alexander Dzasokhov
1352:Aslambek Aslakhanov
1331:Abu Omar al-Kuwaiti
1255:Beslan school siege
929:in September 2004.
744:Operation Storm-333
657:Nur Muhammad Taraki
631:Operation Storm-333
536:KGB Directorate "V"
1436:Children of Beslan
1372:Vladimir Pronichev
1114:The New York Times
1043:www.kuos-vympel.ru
1025:www.kuos-vympel.ru
1000:www.kuos-vympel.ru
925:in March 2000 and
830:) and other tasks.
636:Операция Шторм-333
432:Second Chechen War
375:Служить и защищать
276:Special operations
190:Russian Federation
1459:
1458:
1407:Mothers of Beslan
1310:Nur-Pashi Kulayev
1305:Ruslan Khuchbarov
1138:(17 April 2015).
1096:. 19 August 2011.
1045:. 17 August 2021.
1027:. 17 August 2021.
911:Chechen campaigns
899:counter-terrorism
791:агентурная работа
503:
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427:First Chechen War
405:Soviet–Afghan War
363:Mainly different
256:Irregular warfare
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1336:Magomed Khashiev
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1202:20 December 2006
1192:Boris Volodarsky
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